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Research and Development of GDA

Human beings worship the gold, just like they do for the sun.And as demand for gold increases, so does
gold production.
Since sodium cyanide was first used for leaching gold in Witwatersrand,South Africa in 1890, 80% of the
gold enterprises worldwide are relying on sodium cyanide in the gold production.However,sodium
cyanide belongs to the highly toxic dangerous chemicals.Sodium cyanide abuse brings serious harm to
human survival environment.All kinds of environmental damage events, malignant poisoning events and
terrorism events caused by the use of sodium cyanide emerge in endlessly.Therefore, human beings have
been exploring new gold extraction process or environment-friendly gold extraction agent to replace the
sodium cyanide in the gold industry.

Thiourea CH4N2S for Gold Extraction

Extraction theory:Thiourea is more easily oxidized to dithiformamidine in acidic solution.The gold
dissolution reaction by dithiformamidine is:2Au+2SCN2H4+(SCN2H3)2+2H+→2Au(SCN2H4)2+
Advantages of Thiourea for Gold Extraction:Low toxicity, environment-friendly and fast dissolution of
gold.
Disadvantages of Thiourea for Gold Extraction:Low dissolution rate; large consumption; acid medium is
not easy to be operated; easy to be oxidized and decomposed; can not be used in large scale.

LSSS for Gold Extraction

Extraction theory:Lime Sulfur Synthetic Solution (LSSS) is a mixture of calcium polysulfide and calcium
thiosulfate synthesized from lime and sulfur.Therefore, LSSS gold leaching is a combination reaction of
calcium polysulfide and thiosulfate.
In the polysulfide gold leaching system, the polysulfide ions S42 and S42 interact with the gold to form a
stable five-element ring and six-element ring chelate, and the chemical reaction is:
Au+ S42-→( AuS4)-+e
Au+ S52-→( AuS5)-+e
The chemical reaction in gold leaching with thiosulfate is:
Au+4S2O32-+ O2+H2O→2(Au(S2O3)2)3-+2OH-
Advantage of LSSS for Gold Extraction:Low toxicity, safe and environment-friendly, with multiple
functions of gold extraction.
Disadvantage of LSSS for Gold Extraction:Large consumption, complex production process, high
comprehensive cost.

Thiosulfate S2O32- for Gold Extraction

Chemical reaction:
4Au+8S2O32-+O2+2H2O→4Au(S2O3)23-+4OH-
Advantages of Thiosulfate for Gold Extraction:Safe and environment-friendly;low toxicity.The interference
of some cations (such as lead, zinc and cobalt) in gold leaching can be reduced and leaching will be
speeded up by using thiosulfate.
Disadvantages of Thiosulfate for Gold Extraction:Large consumption, high comprehensive cost.
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Research and Development of GDA
What is GDA?

GDA (Gold Dressing Agent) is a high-tech product successfully developed by Senhe High-tech in
2010, which can fully replace sodium cyanide for gold extraction. GDA is a common chemical, safe
to be used and has little impact on the environment.
More and more gold mining enterprises have stopped the purchase of sodium cyanide and are fully
using GDA.

Main Composition of GDA：Carbonized sodium cyanate C6Na3O3H3N6

Molecular structure：

The reaction with gold is：C6Na3O3H3N6+Au+H2O+O2→Au(C6Na3O3H3N6)2+NaOH

Using conditions of GDA：Strong chelate with gold will be produced in the alkaline condition of PH value
±11.5.
Application scopes: gold/silver ore extraction,inhibitor for nonferrous metals,de-plating of electronic
waste,electroplating and so on.
Applicable ores for GDA: conventional oxidized gold (silver) ore, primary gold (silver) ore, gravity
process tailings, flotation gold (silver) concentrate, etc.
Applicable to traditional NaCN process: CIP,heap leaching,pool leaching,on-site leaching.
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Research and Development of GDA
Advantages of GDA：
-Environment-friendly (GDA has been tested by the authority and certified as a common chemical)
-High leaching rate (GDA can completely reach or even exceed the leaching rate of sodium cyanide)
-Good stability (Main component C6Na3O3H3N6 of GDA is not easy to be decomposed in alkaline
condition)
-Faster leaching (GDA is added with an appropriate amount of leaching additives, which will accelerate
the reaction between C6Na3O3H3N6 and gold)
-Less comsumption (After numerous production data surveys, the amount of GDA used in gold mines is
very close to that of sodium cyanide. Compared with the previous eco-friendly gold extraction agents,
the amount of GDA used is at least 4/5 less)
-Convenient usage(GDA could be used directly, without any change of traditional process conditions of
sodium cyanide)
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Research and Development of GDA
CIP Process Case

Project name：Guinea GBG gold mine

Project background:
The project is located on the border of Guinea and Mali, next to the Sankarani river. Sankarani river is a
tributary of the Niger river that originates from Fouta Djallon in Guinea, runs through southern Mali and
flows into the Niger river in Bamako.The local government and people strongly protest against the use of
highly toxic sodium cyanide in the Sankarani river basin, because of the serious damage to the ecological
environment of the Sankarani river.

GDA usage status:

Daily process capacity：8000t Ore grade：1.5g/t Grind mesh：-200mesh（85%） Pulp density：40%
PH value ： 11 GDA consumption ： 450g/t Leaching period ： 24 hours Leaching rate ： 95.4%
Recovery rate：94.3%

Process data of first week of January,2019

1# Tank Test data

Leaching rate
Date Shift GDA
Pulp density 200 mesh Ore grade Tailing grade
Concentration （100%）
（100%） （100%） （g/t） （g/t）
（100%）

Jan.1 15:00-23:00 41.03 83.92 0.88 1.68 0.09 94.42

23:00-07:00 43.37 91.00 0.92 1.66 0.15 91.11

Jan.2 07:00-15:00 42.61 90.48 0.82 1.72 0.11 93.75

15:00-23:00 51.11 90.48 0.85 1.53 0.08 94.74

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Research and Development of GDA
23:00-07:00 51.11 90.48 0.93 1.46 0.05 96.43

Jan.3 07:00-15:00 42.03 73.49 0.92 1.87 0.07 96.25

15:00-23:00 42.77 78.79 0.92 1.74 0.05 97.06

23:00-07:00 41.76 78.59 0.91 1.90 0.05 97.14

Jan.4 07:00-15:00 41.37 79.98 0.89 1.88 0.07 96.52

15:00-23:00 47.05 79.63 0.81 1.32 0.03 97.60

23:00-07:00 42.22 86.11 0.98 1.43 0.12 91.67

Jan.5 07:00-15:00 20.40 91.82 0.96 1.93 0.2 89.62

15:00-23:00 38.17 82.68 0.82 1.91 0.14 92.73

23:00-07:00 42.50 77.74 0.91 1.82 0.06 96.56

Jan.6 07:00-15:00 41.56 83.81 0.82 1.78 0.10 94.00

15:00-23:00 40.37 81.20 0.87 1.75 0.12 93.33

23:00-07:00 43.00 75.45 0.94 1.66 0.07 95.81

Jan.7 07:00-15:00 40.48 72.35 0.95 1.59 0.11 93.38

15:00-23:00 39.66 79.20 0.91 1.67 0.08 95.00

23:00-07:00 41.97 82.31 0.90 1.71 0.13 92.39

Jan.8 07:00-15:00 41.82 82.53 0.96 1.77 0.12 93.33

15:00-23:00 41.20 84.81 0.94 1.60 0.11 93.33

23:00-07:00 42.62 80.19 0.89 2.03 0.14 93.33

Jan.9
07:00-15:00 39.89 84.52 0.87 1.81 0.12 93.37

Average 41.67 82.57 0.90 1.72 0.10 94.29

Summary:The use of GDA perfectly solves the problems of environmental damage caused by gold
production in Sankarani river, and can achieve a gold extraction rate of 94.3%!
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Research and Development of GDA
Heap Leaching Process Case
Project name：Mexico Yekola gold mine
Project background: Yekola gold mine is a large open-pit deposit with heap leaching process. 9600 tons
of solid sodium cyanide is needed yearly for this mine. It is difficult to get approval for purchasing sodium
cyanide,as it is a highly toxic chemical and regulated strictly by government.Transportation,management
and use of sodium cyanide is very inconvenient, which greatly increases the enterprise operating
costs.And the environmental protection policy around the world is more and more severe. All these
factors make the enterprise very difficult to use sodium cyanide.
GDA usage status： Ore type：Oxidized ore Annual process capacity：3,000,000t
Au average grade：1.2g/t GDA consumption：300g/t Recovery rate：87.39%
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Research and Development of GDA
Production Technology Process by Cyanide：

The mine conducted the industrial tests for the comparison between GDA and sodium cyanide. The
comparison data are as follows:
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Research and Development of GDA
Industrial tests data comparision between GDA and cyanide

Items Cyanide in heap leaching test GDA in heap leaching test

1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00

Ore volume（Mt）

0.75 1.00 1.30 0.75 1.00 1.30

Gold average grade

＜5 cm ＜5 cm ＜5 cm ＜5 cm ＜5 cm ＜5 cm
Particle size

750.00 1000.00 1300.00 750.00 1000.00 1300.00

Total gold（g）

Lime consumption 8500.00 8500.00 8500.00 8000.00 8000.00 8000.00

（Kg）

Pregnant solution 10～11 10～11 10～11 11～12 11～12 11～12

PH
Reagent 65.00 75.00 83.00 55.00 65.00 72.00
consumption（Kg）
Heap leaching 25 25 25 22 22 22
period（day）
Gold grade in 0.100 0.105 0.114 0.097 0.090 0.096
tailings（×10-6）
Leaching rate 86.7 89.5 91.2 87.1 91.0 92.6
（×10-2）
Gold recovery 611.10 850.79 1115.79 627.38 873.87 1166.03
volume（g）
Recovery rate 81.48 85.08 85.83 83.65 87.39 89.01
（×10-2）

Industrial tests data comparision between GDA and cyanide

Heap leaching GDA NaCN Result comparision

Dosage（Kg） 55～72 65～83 GDA consumes less

Period（Day） 22 25 GDA reacts faster
Gold average grade in tailings 0.097～0.095 0.100～0.114
GDA obtains higher leaching rate
（×10-6）
Leaching rate（×10-2） 87.1～92.7 86.7～91.2

Recovery rate（×10-2） 83.65～89.01 81.48～85.83 GDA obtains higher recovery rate

Reagent nature Ordinary Highly toxic GDA has no limitation on
chemical chemical transportation/storage/use
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Research and Development of GDA
Index comparision of waste water

Heap PH SS COD As Hg HCN PMSF Sulfide Cu Pb Cn Cd Fe

leaching

GDA 8.28 147 13.81 1.676 0.001 0.034 0.2650 0.005L 0.05L 0.2L 0.05L 0.05L 0.03 L
(mg/L) µg/L
NaCN 8.24 219 21.64 1.702 0.002 3.671 0.2650 0.005L 0.05L 0.2L 0.05L 0.05L 0.03 L
(mg/L) µg/L

Index comparision of waste residue

Heap leaching Hg HCN As Cr6+ chrome Cu Zn Cd Pb

GDA(mg/L) 0.05 0.15 0.3 0.86 2.08 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.057

NaCN(mg/L) 0.08 3.25 0.3 1.23 5.11 0.08 0.45 0.065 0.065

GDA shows obvious advantage on environmental protection when compare the index of waste
water and residue with cyanide. While using GDA, the waste water can be discharged without
special treatment and it has well satisfied discharge standard.
Summary ：Considering point of view on both environmental friendly and economy, GDA obtains
priority!

More Cases：

Ghana AB Gold Mine：

The processing capacity of Ghana AB gold mine with CIP process is 300tpd.Ore composition is relatively
simple, and belongs to limonized fine gold ore.It is easy to be cyanide leaching as with high degree of
oxidation and low content of harmful components.The gold in the ore is in the form of natural gold,
mainly embedded in the particles of limonite, quartz, calcite and limonite, accounting for 90.94%.Under
fine grinding conditions, this gold is easily exposed and leached.9.06% of the natural gold is covered with
limonite, quartz and calcite.Even after fine grinding, this part of the natural gold is difficult to be exposed
and leaching, which has a certain impact on the leaching rate of gold.
Notes：Ore grade 2.03g/t,leaching period 17hours,reagent concentration 700PPM,carbon density 10g/l。
Reagent Tailing gold Tailing water Gold in loaded Leaching Gold Recovery
grade gold grade carbon（g/t-1） rate(%) adsorption rate(%)
（g/t） （g/m3） rate(%)

GDA 0.32 0.005 94.22 84.24 99.71 83.99

NaCN 0.34 0.007 99.32 83.25 99.59 82.91

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Research and Development of GDA
Laos Asupo Bolikansai Gold Mine：
The slurry density is about 42%, the grinding size is about 200 mesh(80%), the pH value of slurry by lime
adjustment is 10-11, and the concentration of leaching gold was 0.03%.Initially, taking into account
various factors such as efficiency and cost, the plant manager ran a series of comparative tests on GDA
and sodium cyanide.
Reagent Ore grade ResidualGold Tailing water Leaching Gold Recovery
（g/t） grade（g/t） gold grade rate(%) adsorption(%) rate（g/t）
（g/m3）

GDA 1.05 0.2 0.01 81 97.5 650

NaCN 1.01 0.2 0.01 80.2 97.5 600

Note: the test data is the average of 80 hours of steady continuous operation.

Russia GTY Gold Mine:

Phase Monemer and bare Gold in sulfide and Gold in gauge Total
gold asenide
Content(%) 1.4 0.25 0.25 1.91
Occupancy(%) 73.3 13.61 13.09 100
After pre-treatment (with auxiliary agents),the wet process heap leaching was used and the recovery rate
can reach 83.5%.

Peru CD Gold Mine:

Ore GDA Production Leaching Carbon Smelting Gold
throughput concentration time rate adsorption recovery recovery
rate

100,000t 0.5‰ 35days 86.08% 99.2% 98.5% 134kg

It has gold-bearing oxidized ore with high degree of oxidation and relatively low harmful impurities.The
gold-bearing average grade is 1.5g/t.

Kyrgyzstan MG Gold Mine:

Actual daily capacity 500t Average grade 2.85g/t
Grinding finess -200(mesh) 89-90% Pulp density 40-43%
Pulp pH value 11-12 GDA consumption 200-300g
Leaching time 18-22hours Gas condition Air
Carbon adsorption rate 99.7% Recovery rate 91.3%
Conclusion:the use of GDA accelerated speed and recovery without any influence on carbon
adsorption.GDA also decreased the safety and environmental-protection investment.In accordance with
statistics,expenses of sodium hydroxide,bleaching powder and other safety management etc,of about
200,000USD can be saved every year.
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Research and Development of GDA
More cooperative customers:

Customers in China:

Customers outside of China：

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Research and Development of GDA

Guangxi Senhe High Technology Co.,Ltd.,founded in 2011, is a state-level high-tech enterprise

specializing in the research and development of products of environment-friendly gold ore dressing

technology,and its production and sales.

After years of unremitting efforts combined with the experts in China and abroad , the company has

successfully developed a new high-tech product that can completely replace sodium cyanide for gold

extraction, and applied for the patent and promoted it to market in 2011. The product has been well

received with praise by gold enterprises at home and abroad,since its launching. The company has

completely independent intellectual property rights for this product. And the product has won awards

and certificates such as " Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Appraisal Certificate 2013",

"2013 Nanning Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund Award 2013", " First Prize of Nanning
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Research and Development of GDA
Municipality Scientific and Technological Invention Award 2013", " First Prize of Guangxi Province

Scientific and Technological Invention Award 2014", etc.The company was certified as a high-tech

enterprise in 2013, and was approved as a major project by Guangxi Development and Reform

Commission in 2014.

Under the strong support of provincial government of approval of 70,000m² industrial land,the company

has invested 50 million USD to build up the modern and advanced production base,with designed annual

output of 100,000mt environmental gold dressing agent.The production base is equipped with automatic

production line,covering the process of dosing, feeding, mixing,cooling,crushing and packaging to

achieve full automation.Each process is under strict quality control as per ISO9001 Quality Management

System requirements,ensuring the sufficient supply of environmental gold dressing agent with superior

quality.

At the same time, the company has established long-term cooperative relations with China Gold Group,

Shandong Gold Group, Zhaojin Group, Zijin Mining Group, Barrick Gold Corporation, Newmont

Corporation, Goldfield Group, Kinross Gold Corporation, AngloGold Ashanti Limited, Russia's Polyus Gold,

Vietnam-Laos Company and other large-scale gold enterprises in the world.While the product improves

the economic efficiency of gold enterprises, it truly realizes the goal of "Green Mining, Eco-extraction of

Gold".

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Guangxi Senhe High Technology Co.,Ltd.

Headquarter:Nanning,Guangxi,China
Website:www.gda.gold
E-mail:sales@gda.gold
Phone:+86 180 7779 9311