Lecture 4

Disclaimer

The study materials/presentations are solely meant for academic purposes and they can be
reused, reproduced, modified, and distributed by others for academic purposes only with
proper acknowledgements.

As informed earlier that this has been prepared Solely for Teaching/Learning purposes and not for
wide circulation in any social media etc. You can share/discuss with your M.Sc (Phy), 3rd SEM
(Optoelectronics Spl.) classmates only.
Lectures 4-6
Ray Transfer Matrices of some common Optical Systems/devices

Periodic optical system

Difference equation approach to find the ray position of a periodic

optical system

Conditions for a Harmonic Trajectory &

Condition for a Periodic Trajectory

RAY-TRANSFER MATRIX of SOME OPTICAL COMPONENTS/DEVICES
Periodic Optical System

A cascade of identical unit systems.

 Identical relay lenses-used to guide light (Fig. a)
 Optical resonator (Fig. b)
 An optical fiber-if it divides into contiguous identical segments

f f f

d d d M1 M2
(a) A periodic array of lenses (b) A F-P cavity consisting with
two plane mirrors

Examples of some periodic optical systems.

Difference Equation Approach to Find the Ray Position of a Periodic
Optical System
Lectures 5-6
Disclaimer

The study materials/presentations are solely meant for academic purposes and they can be
reused, reproduced, modified, and distributed by others for academic purposes only with
proper acknowledgements.

As informed earlier that this has been prepared Solely for Teaching/Learning purposes and not for
wide circulation in any social media etc. You can share/discuss with your M.Sc (Phy), 3rd SEM
(Optoelectronics Spl.) classmates only.
Lecture 5 & 6
Ray Transfer Matrices of some common Optical Systems/devices

Periodic optical system

Difference equation approach to find the ray position of a periodic

optical system

Conditions for a Harmonic Trajectory &

Condition for a Periodic Trajectory

Condition of Stability and Stability Diagram

Problem solving (Laser resonator etc.)

Difference Equation Approach to Find the Ray Position of a Periodic
Optical System-Continuation
Problem. 1.14

Problem. 1.15
 Problem 1.14:
Find the Period of the
following optical system
 Problem 1.14: (a) Find the Condition of the Stability of the given optical system.
1.15. Then by taking the result find the same for Optical Resonator

Problem 1.15 . Take 2f1 = R1 and 2f2 = R2

We get 0 ≤(1-d/R1) (1-d/R2) ≤1
i.e. 0 ≤g1g2 ≤1
Stability Diagram of
Positive branch
Optical Resonator
g2 = 1-d/R2 g1g2 = 1

Symmetric stable Planar

resonators lie along (1,1)
the line g1 = g2

Confocal
g1 = 1-d/R1
(0,0)
Negative branch
Some Common Resonator
Concentric
(-1,-1) Configurations:
 Plane parallel: g1 =1, g2 =1
 Confocal: g1 =0, g2 =0.
 Concentric: g1 =-1, g2 =-1
g1g2 = 1  Hemispherical: g1 =1, g2 =0
 Long radius: g1 =1/2, g2 =1
 Concave/convex: g1 =1/2, g2 =2
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR
DEPT OF PHYSICS
M.Sc.(Phy.) 3RD SEM 2020-2021

PH9121 Optoelectronics -II 4 credits [3-1-0]

Resonator: Optical beam propagation and resonators, paraxial ray analysis, propagation and properties of Gaussian
beam, Fundamental Gaussian beam in a lens like medium-ABCD Law, Gaussian beam focussing, stability of resonators, g
parameters, various types of resonators.
[14]
Different types of lasers: Gas Lasers, He-Ne, CO2 lasers. Solid-state laser, Ruby laser, Nd lasers, Ti:sapphire lasers. Liquid
laser, Dye laser. Semiconductor lasers etc.
[10]
Characteristics of laser radiation: Radiometry and measurement of electromagnetic radiation, spatial energy
distributions at the laser output, laser beam divergence and focusing capability. Pulsed radiation, special mechanisms
for creating pulses, “Q-switching & mode-locking, different methods of Q-switching, mechanisms and their comparison,
methods of mode-locking.
[11]
Electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic media: The dielectric tensor of an anisotropic medium, plane-wave
propagation, the index ellipsoid, phase-velocity, group velocity, and energy velocity. Classification of anisotropic media
(crystals), light propagation in uniaxial and biaxial crystals, double refraction.
[10]
REF:
1. http://www.ece.uah.edu/courses/material/EE451-Wms/JDWUAH%20Optoelectronics%20Ch7.pdf
2. https://www.slideshare.net/qahtaniliya/laser-tutorial-3-december-11-2012
Ray-Transfer Matrix of Some Common Optical Components/Devices