HANSIKA GIDWANI | XI – N | GR.

38048
1. INTRODUCTION

2.BALLON

3. BILLARDS AND SNOOKER

4.BOWLING

5. NEWTONS CRADLE

6.FIRECRACKERS

7. ROCKET

8.CONCLUSION
Law of conservation of momentum is a
general law of physics, according to
which the quantity called momentum
that characterizes motion never
changes in an isolated collection of
objects; that is, the total momentum
of a system remains constant.

This project shows some of its

applications.
Momentum(p) is equal to the mass(m)
of an object multiplied by its
velocity(v).
p=mv
The equation describing the
conservation is:
p=p’
In collision of two masses m1 and m2
total momentum is conserved:
m1*u1 + m2*u2 = m1*v1 + m2*v2
where u1 and u2 are the initial
velocities and v1 and v2 are the final
velocities of the masses
 INFLATED
BALLONS
Newton’s third and second laws of
motion are analogous to the principle of
law conservation of momentum. An
inflated balloon is yet another example
of it. Newton’s laws of motion are
universal laws that apply to every kind
of motion or movement in the universe.
The law of conservation explains that
the initial momentum is always equal to
the final momentum in an isolated
system. This isolated system is nothing
but a system where energy is neither
created nor destroyed but transformed
into other forms.
When a balloon that is properly
inflated with air is released into
the environment, the air molecules
present inside its structure begin
to rapidly move outwards into the
surroundings. The rapid
movement of the air molecules
means an increase in the velocity
possessed by them and the
increase in velocity indicates the
building up of momentum value.
To balance the increasing
momentum value in the system,
the balloon begins to move in the
direction opposite to the direction
of motion of the air molecules,
thereby conserving the
momentum and displaying the law
of conservation of momentum in
real life.
BILLIARDS AND
SNOOKER
Both appear similar as they are
played on a similar game set up. The
difference is that billiards is played
on a game table that has no pockets,
while snooker game table has
multiple pockets. The player in both
games hits the balls in a particular
order with a cue stick. The balls
begin to move with a velocity and
develop momentum. The momentum
remains conserved within the system
throughout. If the balls collide, the
magnitude and direction of
momentum of each ball gets altered
accordingly so as to justify that the
sum of total momentum before and
after is always equal, thereby
conserving the linear momentum
 Bowling
It is the game of rolling a heavy
metallic ball down the playing
lane in the direction of an orderly
arranged stack of pins so as to
knock out as many pins as
possible. When the player rolls
the ball, it begins to move and
develop velocity. A significant
amount of momentum gets built
up in the ball. At this instant, the
pins do not move at all, and
hence do not possess momentum
as the initial velocity of the pins
is zero. When the ball hits the
pins, the rest state of the pins
gets affected and pins begin to
move. During and after collision ,
pins gain velocity and
momentum. It is observed that
momentum of different objects
before and after the collision is
conserved
Newtons cradle

• This experimental equipment

consists of a wooden or a steel
metal frame and 4-5 metallic
balls. The balls are attached to
base of top beam of the frame at
equal distances with help of
strings. The balls have same
mass. Law of conservation of
momentum and energy can be
demonstrated by pulling a ‘n’
balls at one end to one side and
releasing them.
• Due to the pendulum motion,
the balls tend to swing towards
the balls at rest and undergo
collision. This leads to transfer of
momentum between the balls
and n’ balls at the other end gets
displaced by the same distance
as the first ball, thereby,
verifying the law
Firecrackers

• When a firecracker explodes, the

momentum of the fragments
produced by the explosion is equal
and opposite to the momentum of
the firecracker before it exploded,
thus conserving the total momentum
of the system. This principle can be
used to analyze the motion of
fragments and to predict their
velocities and directions.
• If firecracker is initially at rest, its
initial momentum both in horizontal
& vertical directions is zero. After
explosion, the several fragments gain
a certain mass & velocity. The law the
ensures the sum of final momenta of
the fragments is equal to the initial
momentum of the firecracker, and
the momentum is distributed among
the fragments according to their
masses and velocities. The law is only
applicable when there are no external
forces on the system. The force is the
explosion itself
Rocket

• Upon ignition, the rocket sends

exhaust gases shooting downwards
at a higher rate of velocity. The gases
have mass and thus they have
momentum. To balance this
downward momentum, the rocket
moves upward – though, because its
mass is greater than that of gases it
expels, it will not move at a velocity
as high as that of the gases. The
upward or forward momentum is the
same as the downward or backward
momentum and thus linear
momentum is conserved
• Consider the rocket resting in space.
There is no momentum in the system.
Next, the engine ignites. As the
exhaust gases go in one direction, the
rocket goes in the other to keep the
total momentum of the system
constant.
Momentum has an integral part in the
field of physics. However, many people
do not know the importance of
momentum in everyday life or even
recognize it. The truth is that we use
momentum in just about every activity
that involves motion. When we drive a
car we use the principles of momentum
to realize how much cushion space we
need or how much stopping distance is
needed when going a certain speed.
Momentum is also extremely important
when trying to understand collisions.
Collisions occur everyday from examples
like on the streets with cars crashing to
sports when hitting a baseball. The
conservation of momentum during
collisions may be one of the most difficult
principles of momentum Having two
objects of the same mass collide at
relatively the same speed, one could see
that the total distance traveled after the
collision equaled almost exactly the same
total distance traveled before the
collision. This is just an example of how
the Law of Conservation of Momentum