𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧

1 2 −4
𝐴 = 0 2 −2
0 1 −1
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

1−𝜆 2 −4
𝑃 𝜆 = 𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 = 0 2−𝜆 −2
0 1 −1 − 𝜆
𝑃 𝜆 = 1 − 𝜆 𝜆2 − 𝜆
𝑃 𝜆 = −𝜆 𝜆 − 1 𝜆 − 1

𝜆 = 0,1,1
 𝐸𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜 𝜎𝜆 :
𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 𝑥Ԧ = 0
1−0 2 −4 𝑥 0 1−1 2 −4 𝑥 0
𝜎𝜆=0 : 𝜎𝜆=1 : 𝑦 = 0
0 2−0 −2 𝑦 = 0 0 2−1 −2
0 1 −1 − 0 𝑧 0 0 1 −1 − 1 𝑧 0
1 2 −4 0 0 2 −4 0
𝐴|0 = 0 2 −2 0 𝐴|0 = 0 1 −2 0
0 1 −1 0 0 1 −2 0
1 2 −4 0 0 2 −4 0
𝑓3 = 2𝑓3 − 𝑓2 𝑓3 = 𝑓3 − 𝑓2
0 2 −2 0 0 1 −2 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

𝑓2: 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0 → 𝑦 = 𝑧 𝑓2: 𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0 → 𝑦 = 2𝑧
𝑓1: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 0 → 𝑥 + 2𝑧 − 4𝑧 = 0 𝑓1: 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 0 → 2 2𝑧 − 4𝑧 = 0 → 0 = 0
→ 𝑥 = 2𝑧 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑡. 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑧 = 𝑘
𝑧 = 𝑡 → 𝑦 = 𝑡, 𝑥 = 2𝑡 → 𝑦 = 2𝑘
2𝑡 2 𝑡 1 0
𝜎𝜆=0 = 𝑡 → 𝜎𝜆=0 = 𝑡 1 𝜎𝜆=1 = 2𝑘 → 𝜎𝜆=1 = 𝑡 0 + 𝑘 2
𝑡 1 𝑘 0 1
De los resultados anteriores

2 1 0
𝜎𝜆=0 = 𝑡 1 𝜎𝜆=1 = 𝑡 0 +𝑘 2
1 0 1

2 1 0 0 0 0
𝑃= 1 0 2 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷 = 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1