Finalizedgrowth Development

i
Tanauan School of Fisheries

Senior High School Department
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT OF TILAPIA CULTURE IN TRAPAL POND AND

EARTHEN POND
A research paper presented to the faculty of the Senior High School of Tanauan
School of Fisheries as partial fulfillment in the course of Inquiries, Investigation,
and Immersion.
Submitted to
VILLEGAS, JUBAILYN V.
Submitted by
ANCIADO, RENIEL A.
CULOT, JENRICK A.
DISEPEDA, MIKKO S.
EVANGELISTA, ELIJAH S.
LAMBINO, KEN KERBIE L.
MAGABO, JOHN MARKY M.
PADES, JOHN LOURENCE R.
May 24, 2024

ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This study entitled Growth Development of Tilapia Culture in Trapal Pond and
Earthen Pond” is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval.
ENGR. DEXTER PEREZ

Adviser
Evaluated by the committee on oral examination with the grade of ______.
JESSICA C. ERROBA LARA VERONICA L. GARCIA

Member Member
ANABELLE C. SALUD
Chairperson
Accepted research as partial requirements for the course Inquiries,
Investigation, and Immersion.
JUBAILYN V. VILLEGAS, MBA

Subject Teacher
Approved in partial fulfillment of the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Program
of Technical Vocational and Livelihood Track, Aquaculutre Strand.
SHIRLEY C. SIMAN
Vocational School Administrator III
iii
H
blessings throughout our
research and its successful
completion.
The researchers would
also like to express our
deep and sincere gratitude
to our
research adviser, Sir Kobe
Brynt C. Patungan for
providing us invaluable
supervision,
iv
support, and tutelage during

the course of our research
study. We would also like to
thank him for his empathy,
patience, and knowledge that
he imparts unto us. It was a
great privilege and honor to
work and study under his
guidance.
The researchers’ gratitude
also extends to Letran De
Davao Inc. school principal,
Fr.
v
Larry P. Lantano, CSCH, and

Sir Roland Mamon, SHS
focal person, for allowing us
the
opportunity to conduct our
research among the grade 11
students. Also, to the senior
high teachers who have
given their consent for the
full participation of the
selected
grade 11 respondents and to
Ms. Jally Jane Tongco, our
statistician, for sharing her
vi
knowledge and technical

expertise. Without their help,
our research paper would not
be
possible.
Our thanks and appreciations
also go to our respondents
who willingly helped with
their
full cooperation which has
made the research study
achieve its smooth
completion. We
vii
would also like to give thanks

for the time and knowledge
that you have given us to
conduct this study.
Last but not the least,
to our dearest parents for
their deep consideration
for the
finances and undying support
throughout the making of the
research study. As well as
for their words of
encouragement to all
viii
those nights that we’ve

spent making the
research study.
The Researcher
First and foremost,
praises and thanks to
God, the Almighty, for
His showers of
blessings throughout our
research and its successful
completion.
The researchers would
also like to express our
ix
deep and sincere gratitude

to our
research adviser, Sir Kobe
Brynt C. Patungan for
providing us invaluable
supervision,
support, and tutelage during
the course of our research
study. We would also like to
thank him for his empathy,
patience, and knowledge that
he imparts unto us. It was a
x
great privilege and honor to

work and study under his
guidance.
The researchers’ gratitude
also extends to Letran De
Davao Inc. school principal,
Fr.
Larry P. Lantano, CSCH, and
Sir Roland Mamon, SHS
focal person, for allowing us
the
opportunity to conduct our
research among the grade 11
students. Also, to the senior
xi
high teachers who have

given their consent for the
full participation of the
selected
grade 11 respondents and to
Ms. Jally Jane Tongco, our
statistician, for sharing her
knowledge and technical
expertise. Without their help,
our research paper would not
be
possible.
Our thanks and appreciations
also go to our respondents
xii
who willingly helped with

their
full cooperation which has
made the research study
achieve its smooth
completion. We
would also like to give thanks
for the time and knowledge
that you have given us to
conduct this study.
Last but not the least,
to our dearest parents for
their deep consideration
for the
xiii
finances and undying support

throughout the making of the
research study. As well as
for their words of
encouragement to all
those nights that we’ve
spent making the
research study.
The Researcher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude and
appreciation to the following individuals for their contributions to the successful
completion of this study.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for
His showers of blessings throughout our research and its successful
completion;
xiv
To their beloved parents and families, who provided them with unwavering
moral and financial support and served as their inspiration to work hard in the
pursuit of further knowledge;
To Engr. Dexter P. Perez, the researchers’ adviser, for providing them
with invaluable supervision and support during the course of our research study.
They would also like to thank him for his empathy, patience, and knowledge that
he imparts unto them.
To Dr. Shirley C. Siman, Ph.D., Vocational School Administrator III and
Mrs. Jubailyn V. Villegas, for giving them the opportunity to conduct their
research in the school.
To Mr. Don S. Avellino, our statistician, for sharing his knowledge and
technical expertise.
xv
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to our families, whose unwavering support and
encouragement have been the foundation of our journey. To our parents, for
their endless love and belief in us, and to our siblings, for their constant cheer
and inspiration.
To our friends, who have been our sounding board and source of
strength, thank you for your continuous support and for making this journey more
enriching and enjoyable.
Lastly, to all the researchers and scholars whose work have inspired and
paved the way for this study, We are deeply grateful. This research stands on
the shoulders of your contributions and dedication to the advancement of
knowledge.
xvi
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to determine the most effective type
of water for promoting fish growth. Conducted with the aim of providing fish
farmers with insights into optimal water conditions for rapid growth of tilapia, this
research employed an experimental research design. Data on fish growth and
survival rates were collected using commercial feeds. Observations were
conducted every 15 days to monitor changes in fish growth and survival rates,
with researchers documenting their findings through notes and photographs.
Hence, the study revealed that Earthen Ponds were more effective than Trapal
ponds, yielding higher quality fish in terms of length, width, and weight. This
effectiveness is attributed to the presence of natural foods in Earthen Ponds,
essential for fish thriving in pond culture.

xvii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgement ii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1
Theoretical Framework 2
Conceptual Framework 3
Statement of the Problem 5
Scope and Limitation 6
Significance of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Local Literature 8
Related Foreign Literature 9
Related Local Studies 10
Related Foreign Studies 11
Synthesis 14
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 15
Respondents of the Study 15
Sampling Procedure 16
Research Locale 16
xviii
Research Instrument 16
Data Gathering Procedures 16
Statistical Treatment 16
Ethical Considerations 17
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1: 18
Table 2: 19
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 20
Conclusions 20
Recommendations 21
Bibliography 23
APPENDIX A: Curriculum Vitae 25
xix
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: 18
Table 2: 19
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: 32
Figure 2: 32
Figure 3: 32
Figure 4: 32
Figure 5: 36
Figure 6: 36
1
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Water quality is a critical factor when culturing any aquatic organism.
Optimal water quality varies by species and must be monitored to ensure growth
and survival. The quality of the water in the production systems can significantly
affect the organism’s health and the costs associated with getting a product to
the market. Water quality parameters that are commonly monitored in the
aquaculture industry include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity,
hardness, ammonia, and nitrites. Depending on the culture system, carbon
dioxide, chlorides, and salinity may also be monitored. Some parameters such as
alkalinity are fairly stable, but others like dissolved oxygen and pH fluctuate daily.
It is important to establish a standardized water quality testing protocol for your
particular situation. Know the tolerance range for your culture species, establish
critical levels, and be prepared to act if a problem occurs. The chart below
indicates the water quality preferences for some commonly cultured species.
According to Agano J. Makori et.al. December 2017
In fish ponds, where fish need the water to live, eat, reproduce, develop, and
excrete waste, the water quality can quickly deteriorate. Fish farmers who want
to succeed should thus be aware of the demands of their fish, the quality of their
water, and how to control water quality variables. The term "water quality" refers
2
to the properties of water that are chemical, physical, biological, and radioactive.
For all aquatic organisms, water is a vital component of existence. While
cultivating any aquatic creature, the quality of the water is crucial. To support
development and survival, the ideal water quality must be checked since it differs
per species.
The fish perform all its physiological activities in the water – breathing, excretion
of waste, feeding, maintaining salt balance and reproduction. Thus, water quality
is the determining factor on the success or failure of an aquaculture operation.
Water quality is always the major problem of aqua-culturist and to fish farmers,
according to the teacher of aquaculture water quality is important to fish.
Theoretical Framework
This research was based on the study of Water Quality Factors Affecting
Fish Growth and Production. According to Roger Viadero Jr (2019), The health
and subsequent growth of fish is directly related to the quality of water in which
the fish are raised. Fish growth is affected by a wide range of biological,
chemical/biochemical, and physical factors. The species of fish or fishes being
reared, the size and maturity of the fish, and the presence of other oxygen
consuming organisms in the culture water are key biological factors that affect
fish production. Key physical factors of importance include water temperature,
water velocity, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of solids in the water
column. Likewise, the water pH, alkalinity, hardness, and concentrations of ions
3
(dissolved metals and nutrients) are chemical constituents that can impact fish
production.
The Effect of Water Quality on Aquaculture Productivity. Water quality
plays a substantial role in maximizing fish productivity. Despite the efforts made
by government to improve fish production, there are general complaints about
the small size of fish produced in aquaculture systems. This study was
conducted to assess the effect of water quality on aquaculture productivity. The
specific objectives were to examine the status of water quality parameters
(temperature, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, Ammonia content, hardness, Carbon
dioxide content, and Iron content) and assess their effect on fishpond
productivity.
Conceptual Framework
Water quality management is crucial for the healthy growth of tilapia and
the expansion of aquaculture practices among farmers. Monitoring water quality
and observing the behavior of fish in their environment is essential. The
researchers employed the Input-Process-Output (I.P.O.) model.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1.What is the
growth development
of tilapia in pond A
(earthen pond) in
terms of: GROWTH
1.1.Length; DEVELOPMENT
PREPARATION OF
4
Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
The model illustrates the relationship between the three major parts of the
research paradigm namely the input, process, and output.
The input consisted of the assessment on tilapia growth using pond A and
pond B to maintain the water quality on growth of tilapia. The arrow pointed out to
the process in which the preparation of Pond A and Pond B was carried out,
followed by continuous observation. The researchers will then, determine the
output which is the impact of water quality on the growth of tilapia based on their
observations.
Statement of the Problem
This research was done to the determine the growth development of
tilapia cultured in trapal pond and earthen pond. Specifically, the researchers
aim to answer the following questions:
1. What is the growth development of tilapia in pond A (earthen pond) in
terms of:
1.1. Length
1.2. Width
1.3. Weight
2. What is the growth development of tilapia in pond B or natural water in
terms of:
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2.1. Length
2.2. Width
2.3. Weight
3. Is there a significant difference between the growth rate of tilapia in Trapal
pond and Natural pond?
Scope and Limitations
This study investigates the growth and development of tilapia culture in
two different types of ponds such as trapal ponds and earthen ponds. It includes
assessing and comparing of the growth rates of tilapia and monitoring and
analyzing the water quality parameters. The research was conducted over a
limited period which did not capture long-term trends and variations in tilapia
growth and pond conditions.
Significance of the Study
To the Fish Farmers. This may provide them with valuable insights in
making informed decisions on pond management practices, increase fish
production, and lessen the fish mortality.
To the Aquaculture Students. This may help them know more about the
water quality and the steps to have good water quality for fish to do.
To The Teachers. This may deepen their knowledge when teaching the
students what would happen between the fish that being is taken care of, and the
use of tap water and natural water.

6
To the Future Researchers. This research may serve as their reference
for future similar studies.
Definition of Terms
Water Quality. A key factor to consider in fish farming, in which, poor-
quality water can affect the health and growth of the fish. In this study an in-dept
examination of the life cycle of water, from its natural state to its treatment for
domestic and industrial usage. Emphasis is provided on such water quality
problems as scaling, corrosiveness, taste, and turbidity.
Nile tilapia. Matures at about 10 to 12 months and 3/4 to 1 pound (350 to
500 grams) in several East African lakes. Under good growth conditions this
same species will reach sexual maturity in farm ponds at an age of 5 to 6 months
and 5 to 7 ounces (150 to 200 grams).
Natural water. Farm ponds have high conservation value because they
contribute significantly to regional biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Tap water. Has much higher levels of nitrates than the level found in
natural ponds.
7
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the related local and foreign literature, the related
local and foreign studies, and its synthesis.
Local Literature
Water quality management in aquaculture is vital, as farmed fish are
highly sensitive to changes in parameters such as toxic substances, pH,
temperature and presence of gas. The water quality must therefore be
consistently monitored and controlled for the fish to maintain optimum health,
productivity and quality. According to Baldoza et.al. (2020) Fishponds around
Manila Bay contributed an average of 41.19% of the total aquaculture production
in the country. However, massive productions entail the intensification of ponds,
which resulted in water quality deterioration. In 2016, Opinion et al. reported
water quality in the aquaculture farms around the bay but does not include the
other significant parameters required to be monitored, as stated in the DENR AO
(2016). Thus, this study investigated the status of water quality in different pond
systems surrounding Manila Bay. Extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive
fishponds from adjoining provinces of Cavite, Pampanga, Bataan, and Bulacan
were monitored throughout the rearing period. In the previous study by Opinion
et al. ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite in the aquaculture farms around
8
Manila Bay were reported. Ammonia and maximum phosphate level were above
the limit set for the propagation and The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 27(2):
238-245 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries | 239 growth of fish Conversely, the
parameters reported in the previous study do not include the biological oxygen
demand and total suspended solids which were considered as the significant
parameters to be determined in the aquaculture Moreover, there is still no follow
up studies on the status of water quality on fishponds surrounding Manila Bay
Foreign Literature
According to Makori et.al. (2017), Small-scale fish farmers in developing
countries are faced with challenges owing to their limited information on
aquaculture management. Nile tilapia farmers in Teso North Sub-County
recorded lower yields than expected in 2009 despite having been provided with
required inputs. Water quality was suspected to be the key factor responsible for
the low yields. This study sought to assess the effects of earthen pond water
physico-chemical parameters on the growth of Nile tilapia in six earthen fish
ponds under semi-intensive culture system in Teso North Sub-County. The study
was longitudinal in nature with pond water and fish being the units of analysis.
Systematic sampling was used to select five ponds while a control pond was
purposively selected based on its previously high harvest. Four ponds were fed
by surface flow and two by underground water.

9
Local Studies
Lago (2013) described the current quality of water of Macajalar Bay. Also,
it carried a comparative aspect when the fragmental characteristics of the water
and the quality criteria of the DENR and seaweed farming were considered.
Except for the total Coliform, all the physical and chemical characteristics of
water across all stations were within the Class B standard of the DENR and
seaweed farming. Technology (DOST) Laboratory for analysis.
Furthermore, Sandoval et.al (2017).To assess the water quality, physico-
chemical parameters in fish ponds in Candaba, Pampanga, were studied.
Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity all varied,
according to the results. While other conditions encouraged healthy fish
production, temperature and DO were greater than recommended levels for fish
culture. The findings imply that some fish ponds in Candaba, Pampanga, could
be used for fish production without suffering any negative consequences.
According to Querijero and Mercurio Aquaculture activities are often
blamed for the degradation of water quality of aquatic ecosystem. Present study
was conducted to determine the water quality of Taal Lake at two different study
sites viz. one under intense fish cage farming activities and the other without
aquaculture activities. The study aims to assess the effect of aquaculture
activities on selected water quality parameters, which include transparency,
temperature, pH, nitrates, phosphates, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and
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dissolve oxygen (DO). The study was conducted over a ten-month period in
2013-2014. Results of the study revealed no significant differences in water
temperature, pH, salinity, transparency and DO between the aquaculture and
non-aquaculture sites of the lake, although DO and transparency were
consistently lower in the aquaculture sampling stations throughout the 10-month
sampling period. DO dipped to critical level (<4 ppm) for aquatic organisms in the
months of January and February. Nitrates, phosphates and TDS were
significantly higher in the area with fish cage farming activities as compared to
the non-aquaculture site. Further, the study also reports the efforts of
stakeholders to sustain fish cage farming in the lake which include participative,
multi-sectoral action planning, information and education, policy formulation,
regulation and licensing.
Foreign Studies
Chen et.al. (2022) developed a wireless transmission technology with
various sensors to transmit the temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, water
level, and life expectancy of the sensor in a fish farm to the server. This data is
transmitted to mobile devices through the Internet of Things, enabling
administrators to monitor the water quality in a fish farm. A robotic arm was
developed to complete automatic measurement and maintenance actions,
divided into control, measurement, server, and mobility. The intelligent
measurement equipment can work 24 h per day, reducing losses caused by
personnel, material resources, and data errors.

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Furthermore, Saraswathy et al (2015)Aquaculture in India has the
potential to contribute significantly to protein-rich fish food, rural employment, and
utilization of water resources and wastelands. However, it has faced a setback in
the second half of 1990 due to an uncontrolled disease outbreak. To sustain the
aquaculture, diversification of species has become unavoidable. Finfish like
Asian sea bass, grouper, milkfish, cobia, pearl spot, pompano, etc. are
considered suitable alternative fish species farming. To have adequate amount of
quality seed, there is a need to set up fish seed production hatchery with suitable
technology. Good water management in fish seed production cycle and in fish
grow-out system is necessary. This chapter will provide the best way to manage
water quality in a fish hatchery and grow-out system. Aquaculture in India has the
potential to considerably improve rural employment, fish food with a high protein
content, and the use of water resources and wastelands. The second half of
1990 saw a setback because of an unchecked disease outbreak, though.
Diversification of species is now required to maintain aquaculture. Alternative fish
species for farming include fish like Asian sea bass, grouper, milkfish, cobia,
pearl spot, pompano, etc. A fish seed production hatchery with the appropriate
technology needs to be set up in order to have an adequate supply of high-
quality seed. In the process of producing fish seeds and in the system used for
fish growth, good water management is essential. In a fish hatchery and grow-out
system, this chapter will outline the best technique to regulate water quality.
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Aquaculture is the practice of developing aquatic animals and plants under
artificial environmental conditions, either in a controlled or semi-controlled
environment. Due to high animal protein demand, it is one of the world’s growing
food production industries. It plays a vital role in contributing to food security and
lowering the unemployment rate of the world’s growing population. This review
article aims to scope sight on the environmental factors that affect the growth and
economic production process of Nile tilapia. Many of these factors are listed and
analyzed in this review, such as stocking densities; various feed frequencies and
feeding rates; water quality; water temperature; dissolved oxygen concentration;
water pH degree; and tank culturing system of Nile tilapia. These factors can
significantly alter body weight, composition, survival, behavior, feed intake, feed
conversion ratio, feeding efficiency, and the health and reproduction of tilapia.
Furthermore, feeding, growth, disease risks, and survival rates are all affected by
water quality parameters. In general, higher growth performance of O. niloticus in
aquaculture can be obtained by keeping the optimum quantity of feed with proper
feeding rate and frequency, maintaining a good proportion of stocking density,
and regularly evaluating water quality. This review article highlights—in details—
the impact of various environmental factors on growth performance criteria of
Nile tilapia.
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Synthesis
According to past studies, learning the important value of water to grow
fish corrects the parameters value that presence in the water to make a good
growth of fish or to achieve it's marketable size of fish. Some aquafarmers do this
basic checking to maintain the good quality of water to grow the fish.
Water temperature is one of the most important physical factors affecting
fish growth and production. Fish are cold‐blooded animals which assume
approximately the same temperature as their surroundings. Typically, fish are
classified broadly as cold, cool, or warm water, depending on their tolerance for
particular temperature ranges. Within each temperature classification, fish
survival is bounded by an upper and lower temperature, between which an
optimum temperature for growth exists.

14
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, subjects of the study, sampling
procedure, research locale, research instrument, data gathering procedure, as
well as the statistical treatment used.
Research Design
This study used Experimental research design. Experimentation is a
useful form of analysis that professionals use in a variety of industries.
Experimental research is a method of gathering information and data on a
subject through observation in controlled settings Understanding the benefits of
experimental research design can help you better use it in your professional
career. In this study the researchers observe the growth of tilapia to get its
desirable size. The research composed of experiment and control group of Pond
A and Pond B.
Subjects of the Study
The researchers used tilapia fingerlings as subjects to be observed of its
growth development.
15
Sampling Procedure
20 tilapia fingerlings in trapal pond with aquatic plants and 20 fingerlings in
the other pond were used as subjects of the study.
Research Locale
This study was conducted at Tanauan School of Fisheries. Two ponds,
trapal and earthen, were set.
Research Instrument
The researchers used observation tool as research instrument.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher created trapal pond for the experimental group that
received treatment, while a small pond was built for the control group. The
Researchers gathered data by observation and data analysis. The researchers
observed the growth of fish twice a week and measured the size every 14 days
to adjust the feeding.
Statistical Treatment
The result of statistical computation guided the researchers in the interpretation
and analysis of data. The statistical tools used in this study are as follows:
16
T-test. A statistical test for comparing the means of two groups is called a T-test.
In discomfort investigations, it's one of the most popular statistical hypothesis
tests. To ascertain the distinction between the two groups or fish ponds, the
researchers employed the T-test. Actually, it will be observed how things affect
the fish in the ponds. Because of this, the researchers were able to quickly
identify variations in fish growth based on their surroundings.
Ethical Consideration
The researchers in this study carefully adhered to all confidentiality and
informed consent guidelines.The reseacher guarantee that all the participants
recieved an equitable treamtment and maintain the environment to avoid an
unxpected thing that can affect in the fish health.
The researcher also discussed with them that specific precautions would
be taken to preserve research subjects' privacy by prohibiting the sharing of
identifiable, sensitive study information to anybody unrelated to the research.The
information are based on the observation that is measured in every fifteen days.
17
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the results of the study by achieving all the answers of the
problem found in the first chapter. Its analysis and interpretation are also presented.
Table 4. Growth Development
The table presents information about the measurement of the fish in terms
of length, width, and weight in a trapal pond with aquatic plants, as well as their
weight each week.
No. of Weeks No. of Average of Average of Average of

Samples Length Width Weight
1st 15 days 20 Fingerlings 3.5 cm 1.9cm 3.6g
1st 30 days 20 Fingerlings 3.9cm 2.1cm 3.9g
1st 75 days 20 Fingerlings 6.2cm 3cm 5.8g
1st 90days 20 Fingerlings 7.1cm 3.4cm 6.5g
According to the table above, the growth rate of fish in the trapal pond is
slower than normal. Both ponds are given commercial feed every day at the
same amount, at 7 o'clock in the morning and 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The fish
did not develop any diseases, and throughout the week, the mortality rate was
0%; none of the fish died.

18
Table 4.2
The table presents information about the measurement of the fish in terms
of length and width in a natural pond, as well as their weight each week.
No. of Weeks No. of Average of Average of Average of

Samples Length Width Weight
1st 15 days 20 Fingerlings 3.8cm 2cm 1g
1st 30 days 20 Fingerlings 3.1cm 6.1cm 2g
1st 45 days 20 Fingerlings 4.3cm 9cm 2.9g
1st 90days 20 Fingerlings 9.3cm 16.2cm 5.6g
According to the data collected, the natural pond is more reliable than the
trapal pond in terms of growth development. The natural pond offers more
benefits than the trapal pond as fish can thrive without being fed due to the
natural food that develops in the pond. Additionally, the water quality of the
natural pond is more stable across all parameters, which helps the fish survive.
There is a significant difference in the growth rate between the trapal pond and
the natural pond.

19
Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of all the findings and the conclusion. Based
on the results, recommendations are drawn for the effectiveness of the study
Summary of Findings
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of water
quality on growth of tilapia. The summary of findings was as follows:
1.) By comparing the two ponds, Pond A (Trapal Pond) and Pond B (Earthen
Pond), the researchers were able to show the efficacy of water quality.
However, they were unable to demonstrate the effectiveness of water
quality growth in terms of tilapia length, width, and weight. Every day, the
researchers recorded the variations in the growth and survival rates of
tilapia.
2.) The growth of tilapia in Pond B increased.
3.) The growth of tilapia was in favor of Pond B because it has an unlimited
supply of natural foods that have nutrients for fish growth.
Conclusions
Based on the observation, the growth of tilapia favored Pond B because it
provided stable conditions for both the fish's needs and water quality. This study
showed that the growth rate of the fish in earthen pond is more reliable than the
20
trapal pond.The researcher demonstrated that the trapal pond is not viable option
for fish farmer to use as fast growth in terms of length,width, and weight.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study on the growth and development of tilapia
culture in trapal ponds and earthen ponds, the following recommendations were
proposed:
1. This study is recommended to the fish farmers to inform them of the more
reliable pond type when it comes to growth rate of tilapia. This may give
them important information that will help them decide on pond
management strategies, boost fish output, and reduce fish mortality.
2. Optimization of Pond Conditions:
For trapal ponds, it is recommended to ensure adequate water exchange
systems to maintain optimal water quality, as the enclosed nature of these
ponds can lead to faster accumulation of waste products.
Regular monitoring and adjustment of pH levels, dissolved oxygen, and
temperature should be prioritized to create an ideal environment for tilapia
growth in both pond types.
3. Feeding Regimen: Implement a balanced and nutritionally complete
feeding regimen tailored to the specific needs of tilapia at different growth

21
stages. This includes the use of high-quality commercial feeds and
supplemental natural feeds.

22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Assessing freshwater quality. (n.d.). UNEP - UN Environment
Programme. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/water/what-we-do/monitoring-
water-quality/assessing-freshwater-quality
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. (2020, December 21). BioMed
Central. https://fas.biomedcentral.com/articles
Makori, A. J., Abuom, P. O., Kapiyo, R., Anyona, D. N., & Dida, G. O. (2017).
Effects of water physico-chemical parameters on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
growth in earthen ponds in Teso North Sub-County, Busia County. Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-017-0075-7
Manduca, L. G., Da Silva, M. A., De Alvarenga, É. R., De Oliveira Alves, G. F.,
De Araújo Fernandes, A. F., Assumpção, A. F., Cardoso, C. C., De Sales, S. C.
M., De Alencar Teixeira, E., De Almeida E Silva, M., & Turra, E. M. (2020).
Effects of a zero exchange biofloc system on the growth performance and health
of Nile tilapia at different stocking densities. Aquaculture, 521,
735064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735064
Wikipedia contributors. (2024, April 17). Water quality.
Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality
23
Viadero, R. C. (2019). Water quality factors affecting fish growth and
production. Encyclopedia of Water, 1–
10. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119300762.wsts0119
Viadero, R. C. (2004). Factors affecting fish growth and production. Water

Encyclopedia, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/047147844x.sw241
24
CURRICULUM VITAE
RENIEL A. ANCIADO
Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
Renielanciado7@gmail.com
0910-096-5897
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary Tanauan School of Fisheries

(2018 - 2022) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
Elementary Ambulong Elementary School

(2012- 2018) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : RENIEL A. ANCIADO
Birthday : June 10, 2006
Age : 17
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Height : 5’3ft
Weight : 50kg
Hobbies : Billiards,Cycling,Basketball
Fathers’ Name : Rodel L. Anciado
Mothers’ Name : Norma D. Alban
Address : Ambulong Tanauan City,Batangas
25
CURRICULUM VITAE
JENRICK A. CULOT
Bañadero, Tanauan City, Batangas
Jenrickaustria0709@gmail.com
0938-350-2417

Elementary Bañadero Elementary School

(2012 -2018) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
Name : JENRICK A. CULOT

Birthday : February 7,2005
Age : 19
Height : 5’7ft
Weight : 54kg
Hobbies : Badminton, Cycling Basketball
Fathers’ Name : Erick C. Culot
Mothers’ Name : Jenezil A. Ebora
Address : Bañadero Tanauan City,Batangas
26
CURRICULUM VITAE
MIKKO S. DISEPEDA
disepedamikko4@gmail.com
0915-064-0972

(2017-2022) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas

(2011-2022) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
Name : MIKKO S. DISEPEDA

Birthday : July 16,2005
Age : 19
Height : 5’4ft
Weight : 45kg
Hobbies : Basketball
Fathers’ Name : Michael C. Disepeda
Mothers’ Name : Liway way C. Samiano
27
CURRICULUM VITAE
ELIJAH KING S. EVANGELISTA

evangelista.elijah28@gmail.com
0915-064-0972


(2019- 2020) Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
Name : Elijah king S. Evangelista

Birthday : June 29.2003
Age : 20
Height : 5’7ft
Weight : 51kg
Hobbies : Online games
Fathers’ Name : Ricardo V. Evangelista
Mothers’ Name : Rona S. Evangelista
28
CURRICULUM VITAE
KEN KERVIE L. LAMBINO

kenlambino@gmail.com
Contact number


Name : KEN KERVIE L. LAMBINO

Age : 19
Height : 5’6ft
Weight : 55kg
Hobbies : Basketball
Fathers’ Name : Ricky J. Lambino
Mothers’ Name : Mercy Dita A. Lopez
Address : Ambulong, Tanauan City, Batangas
29
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOHN MARKY M. MAGABO

markymagabo@gmail.com
Contact number


Name : JOHN MARKY M. MAGABO

Birthday : April 17, 2006
Age : 18
Height : 6’0ft
Weight : 95kg
Hobbies : Playing Instrument
Fathers’ Name : Jovito M. Magabo
Mothers’ Name : ictoria M. Magabo
30
CURRICULUM VITAE
JHON LOURENCE R. PADES

JHONLOURENCE81@GMAIL.COM
0910-387-1277


Name : JHON LOURENCE R. PADES

Age : 18
Height : 5’2ft
Weight : 46kg
Hobbies : Online games
Fathers’ Name : Andrew M. Pades
Mothers’ Name : Greshelda R. Pades
31
APPENDICES
TRAPAL POND PREPARATION

32
FISH POND PREPARATION

33

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Tanauan School of Fisheries

GROWTH DEVELOPMENT OF TILAPIA CULTURE IN TRAPAL POND AND

May 24, 2024

Earthen Pond” is hereby recommended for acceptance and approval.

ENGR. DEXTER PEREZ

Evaluated by the committee on oral examination with the grade of ______.

JESSICA C. ERROBA LARA VERONICA L. GARCIA

Accepted research as partial requirements for the course Inquiries,

Investigation, and Immersion.

JUBAILYN V. VILLEGAS, MBA

Approved in partial fulfillment of the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Program

of Technical Vocational and Livelihood Track, Aquaculutre Strand.

support, and tutelage during

Larry P. Lantano, CSCH, and

knowledge and technical

would also like to give thanks

those nights that we’ve

deep and sincere gratitude

great privilege and honor to

high teachers who have

who willingly helped with

finances and undying support

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude and

appreciation to the following individuals for their contributions to the successful

completion of this study.

His showers of blessings throughout our research and its successful

pursuit of further knowledge;

To Engr. Dexter P. Perez, the researchers’ adviser, for providing them

he imparts unto them.

To Dr. Shirley C. Siman, Ph.D., Vocational School Administrator III and

research in the school.

This research is dedicated to our families, whose unwavering support and

enriching and enjoyable.

the shoulders of your contributions and dedication to the advancement of

research employed an experimental research design. Data on fish growth and

survival rates were collected using commercial feeds. Observations were

with researchers documenting their findings through notes and photographs.

effectiveness is attributed to the presence of natural foods in Earthen Ponds,

essential for fish thriving in pond culture.

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Water quality is a critical factor when culturing any aquatic organism.

aquaculture industry include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity,

hardness, ammonia, and nitrites. Depending on the culture system, carbon

It is important to establish a standardized water quality testing protocol for your

According to Agano J. Makori et.al. December 2017

For all aquatic organisms, water is a vital component of existence. While

is the determining factor on the success or failure of an aquaculture operation.

according to the teacher of aquaculture water quality is important to fish.

chemical/biochemical, and physical factors. The species of fish or fishes being

fish production. Key physical factors of importance include water temperature,

The Effect of Water Quality on Aquaculture Productivity. Water quality

by government to improve fish production, there are general complaints about

conducted to assess the effect of water quality on aquaculture productivity. The

specific objectives were to examine the status of water quality parameters

(temperature, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, Ammonia content, hardness, Carbon

the expansion of aquaculture practices among farmers. Monitoring water quality

and observing the behavior of fish in their environment is essential. The

researchers employed the Input-Process-Output (I.P.O.) model.