Chapter 3: Web Design Basics

● When designing a web what should be considered? PG 3 to 7

○ Consider the target audience of these sites.
○ Web Page Design Browser Compatibility
○ Web Page Design Screen Resolution
○ Website Organization
○ Visual Design Principles
○ Design to Provide for Accessibility

● What is Web Page Design Browser Compatibility? PG 4

○ Web pages do NOT look the same in all the major browsers
○ Test with current and recent versions of:
■ Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
■ Mobile devices
○ Progressive Enhancement:
■ Website functions well in browsers commonly used by your target audience
■ Add enhancements with CSS and/or HTML5 for display in modern browsers

● How to consider Web Page Design Screen Resolution? PG 5

○ Test at various screen resolutions
○ Test with multiple devices

● What are some types of website organization? PG 6

○ Hierarchical
○ Linear
○ Random (sometimes called Web Organization)

● What is a Hierarchical organization? PG 7

○ A clearly defined home page
○ Navigation links to major site sections
○ Often used for commercial and corporate websites

● What is a Hierarchical organization? PG 7

○ A clearly defined home page
○ Navigation links to major site sections
○ Often used for commercial and corporate websites

● What is a Too shallow Hierarchical organization? PG 8

○ Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.
○ Too many immediate choices, a confusing and less usable website.
○ Group, or “chunk”, related areas

● What is a Too deep Hierarchical organization? PG 9

○ Be careful that the organization is not too deep.
○ This results in many “clicks” needed to drill down to the needed page.
○ Too many clicks can result in a frustrated website visitor.
● What is a Linear organization? PG 10
○ A series of pages that provide a tutorial, tour, or presentation.
○ Sequential viewing.

● What is a Random organization? PG 11

○ Sometimes called “Web” Organization
○ Usually there is no clear path through the site
○ May be used with artistic or concept sites
○ Not typically used for commercial sites

● What are the visual design principles? PG 12

○ Repetition: Repeat visual elements throughout design.
○ Contrast: Add visual excitement and draw attention.
○ Proximity: Group related items
○ Alignment: Align elements to create visual unity

● Who benefits from increased accessibility on the web? PG 13

○ A person with a physical disability
○ A person using a slow Internet connection
○ A person using an old, outdated computer
○ A person using a mobile phone

● When designing for Accessibility it is based on Four Principles. PG 14

○ Perceivable: Content must be easy to see or hear
○ Operable: Interface components in the content must be operable by both mouse and keyboard
○ Understandable: Content and controls must be easy to read and well organized
○ Robust: Content uses correct syntax and function on popular operating systems, browsers, and
assistive technologies.

● When writing for the web what should we follow? PG 15

○ Avoid long blocks of text
○ Use bullet points
○ Use headings and subheadings
○ Use short paragraphs

● How to design “Easy to Read” Text? PG 16

○ Use common fonts: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, Times New Roman
○ Use appropriate text size: medium, 1em, 100%
○ Use appropriate line length: Between 50-60 characters is recommended
○ Use strong contrast between text & background
○ Use columns instead of wide areas of horizontal text

● List some Text Design Considerations.PG 17

○ Carefully choose text in hyperlinks.
○ Check your spelling.
● When adding hyperlinks what should be avoided and what can be used?
○ Avoid “click here”
○ Use Hyperlink key words or phrases
○ Do not hyperlink not entire sentences

● Using Color on Web Pages: PG 18

○ Computer monitors display color as intensities of red, green, and blue light.
○ RGB Color.
○ The values of red, green, and blue vary from 0 to 255.
○ Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) represent these color values.

● Hexadecimal Color Values: PG 19

○ # indicates a hexadecimal value
○ Hex value pairs range from 00 to FF
○ Three hex value pairs describe an RGB color

● What is a Web Color Palette? PG 20

○ Collection of 216 colors
○ Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms
○ Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF

● What is a Web Color Palette? PG 20

○ Collection of 216 colors
○ Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms
○ Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF

● What is a color theory?PG 21 the study of color and its use in design.

● How is the color wheel divided? Primary Colors,Secondary Colors,Tertiary Colors

● What are Color Schemes based on The Color Wheel ? PG 22 to 23

Monochromatic shades, tints, or tones of the same color.

Analogous a main color and two colors adjacent to it on the color wheel.

Complementary two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel.

Split a main color, the color opposite it on the color wheel (the complement)
Complementary and two colors adjacent to the complement.

Triadic three colors that are equidistant on the color wheel.

Tetradic two complementary color pairs.

● When Implementing a Color Scheme what should be used? PG 24

○ Choose one color to be dominant
○ Use other colors in the color scheme as accent colors: Headings, subheadings, borders,list markers, etc.
○ Use neutrals such as white, off-white, gray, black, or brown
○ Do not restrict yourself to web-safe colors
○ Feel free to use tints, shades, or tones of colors
● What does Verify Sufficient Contrast mean?PG 25
○ When you choose colors for text and background, sufficient contrast is needed so that the text is easy
to read.
○ Use online tools to verify contrast.

● How to choose a color scheme? PG 26

○ Monochromatic
○ Choose from a photograph or other image
○ Begin with a favorite color
○ Use sites to choose other colors

● What are the requirements of using colors on the web? PG 27

○ Appealing to Kids & Preteens
○ Appealing to Everyone
○ Appealing to Young Adults
○ Appealing to Older Adults

● When using Graphics & Multimedia what must be considered? PG 28

○ File size and dimension matter
○ Provide for robust navigation
○ Antialiased/aliased text considerations
○ Provide alternate text
○ Use only necessary multimedia

● What is a Single Page Website type of web page? PG 30

○ One Page Website
○ Contains one very long page (a single HTML file) with a clearly defined navigation area, usually at the
top of the page.
○ This navigation takes you to specific areas on the page.

● What is a Navigation Design? PG 31

○ Make your site easy to navigate
○ Provide clearly labeled navigation in the same location on each page
○ Most common – across top or down left side

● What must be considered when using a Navigation Design?

○ Navigation Bars
○ Breadcrumb Navigation
○ Using Graphics for Navigation
○ Dynamic Navigation
○ Site Map
○ Site Search Feature

● What is a Wireframe? PG 32 A sketch or blueprint of a web page.

● What does a Wireframe show? The structure of the basic page elements, including: Logo, Navigation, Content, Footer.
● How to improve web page design page layout ? PG 34 & 35
○ Use adequate empty or blank space
○ Use an interesting page layout
○ Columns of different widths interspersed with graphics and headings create interesting, easy to read
web pages.

● What are Page Layout Design Techniques that are used when creating a web page? PG 35 & 36
○ Fixed Layout:
■ AKA rigid or “ice” design.
■ Fixed-width often at left margin

○ Fluid Layout:
■ AKA “liquid” design
■ Expands to fill the browser at all resolutions.

● How to make a fixed page layout more appealing? PG 35

If fixed, the content is centered. (make content fixed in the center)

● How to adapt with a fluid page layout? PG 36

Page content typically centered and often configured with a percentage width such as 80%
● What must be taken into consideration when designing a web page for mobile design? PG 37
○ Small screen size
○ Bandwidth issues
○ Single-column layout
○ Maximize contrast
○ Optimize images for mobile display
○ Descriptive alternate text for images
○ Avoid display of non-essential content