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Rest on the Go by Eithar A Yankesar, Interior Design

Thesis · December 2021

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Running head: REST ON THE GO 1

REST ON THE GO

Senior Capstone Research, IDSG 4301, Section 1

by

Eithar A Yankesar

A thesis submitted to the

Faculty of the Interior Design Department of

Dar Al-Hekma University in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Design in Interior Design

2021
REST ON THE GO 2

© 2021

EITHAR AHMED M YANKESAR

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

REST ON THE GO 3

This thesis for the course Capstone Research is by

Eithar A Yankesar

Has been approved for the

Capstone I: Interior Design Thesis Course

By

Dr. Alaa Al-Ban

Date: 21 December 2021

REST ON THE GO 4

Eithar A Yankesar, Interior Design, Dar Al-Hekma University

Abstract of Bachelor Thesis, Submitted 21 December 2021:
REST ON THE GO

Abstract
A review of the Massar program, launched in 2019 by the Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs

and Housing, shows its primary goal of developing fuel stations on regional roads by

transforming them into integrated service centers of high quality. Thus, this program will be

concerning the upcoming 2030 vision as it provides solutions to develop these areas and

promotes the tourism and quality of life program. Therefore, this thesis aims to discover the

factors determining if the rest area can be a profitable project that adds value to domestic tourism

in Saudi Arabia and whether the community needs such a project to enhance their traveling

experience on land roads or not. To find this, the research methodology utilized a systematic

approach to collect reasoning and facts via quantitative analysis to understand the community's

perspective and provide suitable design solutions by examining the conducted data and

developing future rest area facilities to achieve the user's satisfaction. The data for this research

were obtained through a survey from an online source (Google Form) and sent explicitly to the

targeted population. The results demonstrate that travelers are in a massive need to accommodate

the traveling experience on the highway as it has proven that there is a lack in the market.

Keywords: Rest Area Design, Rest-stop, Highway, Travelers, Domestic tourism, Saudi Vision

This form and content of this abstract are approved.

Approved: Dr. Alaa Al-Ban

REST ON THE GO 5

Acknowledgments

First, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to the Department of Interior Design for the

impact it had on my development as a senior student, and I am sure that it will follow me into

future endeavors. In addition, I would like to thank my thesis instructors, Dr. Alaa Al-Ban and

Dr. Tamsen Anderson, for their guidance and continuous support throughout the process. Their

impact on my perspective and approach has been invaluable to me, and it is deeply appreciated.

To my colleagues, family, and friends, thank you for your encouragement and support of my

work.
REST ON THE GO 6

Table of Contents

Chapter One: Synopsis of Final Studio......................................................................................13

Project Statement ...............................................................................................................13

Research Questions ............................................................................................................13

Research Objectives ...........................................................................................................14

Rationale ............................................................................................................................15

Target Audience .................................................................................................................15

Site Analysis ......................................................................................................................16

Client Profile ......................................................................................................................18

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................19

Chapter Two: Research Methodology .......................................................................................20

Quantitative Method ..........................................................................................................20

Survey Questions ...............................................................................................................21

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................30

Chapter Three: Precedent Studies .............................................................................................31

Precedent Study #1 ............................................................................................................31

Precedent Study #2 ...........................................................................................................38

Precedent Study #3 ............................................................................................................46

Local Competitor ...............................................................................................................52

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................57

Chapter Four: Literature Review ..............................................................................................58

Major Studies .....................................................................................................................58

Minor Studies .....................................................................................................................62

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................64

Chapter Five: Details for Interiors .............................................................................................65

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Matrix .................................................................................................................................65

Design Program .................................................................................................................66

Relationship Diagram. ......................................................................................................67

Finish Schedules ................................................................................................................68

Saudi Building Codes ........................................................................................................69

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................81

Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................82

Contribution .......................................................................................................................82

Observation .......................................................................................................................82

Work Cited ...................................................................................................................................83

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List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Site Analysis .................................................................................................................17

Figure 1.2 Gas Station....................................................................................................................18

Figure 1.3 Mosque .........................................................................................................................18

Figure 1.4 Kids Area ......................................................................................................................18

Figure 1.5 Services.........................................................................................................................18

Figure 1.6 Client Logo ...................................................................................................................19

Figure 2.1 Question One Answer...................................................................................................21

Figure 2.2 Question Two Answer ..................................................................................................22

Figure 2.3 Question Three Answer ................................................................................................22

Figure 2.4 Question Four Answer ..................................................................................................23

Figure 2.5 Question Five Answer ..................................................................................................24

Figure 2.6 Question Six Answer ....................................................................................................24

Figure 2.7 Question Seven Answer ...............................................................................................25

Figure 2.8 Question Eight Answer.................................................................................................26

Figure 2.9 Question Nine Answer .................................................................................................27

Figure 2.10 Question Ten Answer ................................................................................................28

Figure 2.11 Question Eleven Answer ............................................................................................28

Figure 2.12 Question Twelve Answer ...........................................................................................29

Figure 3.1 Rest Area Niemenharju Map ........................................................................................32

Figure 3.2 Functional Diagram ......................................................................................................32

Figure 3.3 Zoning Diagram............................................................................................................33

Figure 3.4 Circulation Diagram .....................................................................................................33

Figure 3.5 Dining Area front view, Rest Area Niemenharju .........................................................35
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Figure 3.6 Dining Area side view, Rest Area Niemenharju ..........................................................35

Figure 3.7 Food Area, Rest Area Niemenharju .............................................................................36

Figure 3.8 Exterior side view, Rest Area Niemenharju .................................................................37

Figure 3.9 Exterior facade, Rest Area Niemenharju ......................................................................38

Figure 3.10 l-aire de la chaponne Map ..........................................................................................39

Figure 3.11 Functional Diagram ....................................................................................................40

Figure 3.12 Zoning Diagram..........................................................................................................40

Figure 3.13 Circulation Diagram ...................................................................................................41

Figure 3.14 Service Area, l-aire de la chaponne ............................................................................42

Figure 3.15 Skylight, l-aire de la chaponne ...................................................................................43

Figure 3.16 Pendant Lights, l-aire de la chaponne.........................................................................44

Figure 3.17 Exterior, l-aire de la chaponne....................................................................................45

Figure 3.18 Sigange, l-aire de la chaponne ....................................................................................45

Figure 3.19 Sinopec Gas Station....................................................................................................47

Figure 3.20 Functional Diagram ....................................................................................................47

Figure 3.21 Functional Diagram ....................................................................................................48

Figure 3.22 Zoning Diagram..........................................................................................................48

Figure 3.23 Zoning Diagram..........................................................................................................49

Figure 3.24 Terrace, Sinopec Gas Station .....................................................................................50

Figure 3.25 Market, Sinopec Gas Station ......................................................................................51

Figure 3.26 Exterior, Sinopec Gas Station.....................................................................................52

Figure 3.27 Petromin Logo (1968) ................................................................................................53

Figure 3.28 Primo Market ..............................................................................................................55

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Figure 3.29 Gas Station..................................................................................................................56

Figure 3.30 Primo Market Entrance...............................................................................................56

Figure 5.1 Relationship Diagram ...................................................................................................67

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List of Tables

Table 3.1 Programming Table of Precedent Study #1 ...................................................................34

Table 3.2 Programming Table of Precedent Study #2 ...................................................................42

Table 3.3 Programming Table of Precedent Study #3 ...................................................................49

Table 5.1 Criteria Matrix ...............................................................................................................65

Table 5.2 Design Program .............................................................................................................66

Table 5.3 Finish Schedule ..............................................................................................................68

REST ON THE GO 12

REST ON THE GO

Preface

The Saudi market lacks rest areas with high-quality services, which reduces the interest

of citizens, residents, and visitors from traveling through regional roads. Therefore, establishing

a well-developed and good road rest area will mirror Saudi vision 2030 in improving and

expanding public services to meet the population's demands, increase economic growth, and

flourish tourism.

Limitations
This study's findings should be considered in the light of some limitations. First, since

this research was conducted via a quantitative method only, the distribution was by an online

questionnaire through social media and online applications to reach the highest number of replies

in a short period. However, it limited the access to a suitable scope of information and targeted

participants. It is recommended that the questionnaire be tested with a larger sample for further

research. In addition, the literature review for the thesis had a lack of prior research studies

relevant to the topic, which suggests the need for further development. Also, the technical

drawing of the site was inaccessible due to copyrights that restrict access to these documents.

Furthermore, time constraint was a significant limitation that affected this thesis study as there

were deadlines for submitting this paper. As a result of the above limitations, the validity and

reliability of the thesis instrument could have been affected. Hence, future research should gather

more comprehensive data supporting and adding beneficial factors to the project's success.
REST ON THE GO 13

Project outline

The primary purpose of this thesis is supported and clarified through five consecutive

chapters that build on one another. The first chapter summarizes research programming, which

helps create a research framework by identifying the project's scope and major goals. The second

chapter outlines an analytical structure to guide the design process and select the appropriate

research methods and tools to communicate effectively with the audience through visual and

written data. The third chapter demonstrates precedent studies that serve as a model for the

evolution of the project's ideas. In addition, it includes a systematic analysis of several design

categories that can guide the development of the concept. The fourth chapter provides an

overview of the existing literature and debates related to the thesis topic to build knowledge in

the required field. The final chapter discusses the interior details that detail the project's expected

interior structure. Additionally, it will assist in determining the project's environmental, safety,

and regulatory guidelines.

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Chapter One: Synopsis of Final Studio

Project Statement

The project's primary purpose is to impress society with the highway network

development program's value by enhancing the traveling experience on land roads via a quality

rest area located in the Jeddah-Madinah highway, which they can see and use. In addition, the

project will shed light on the development of domestic tourism in the Kingdom, which will result

as a fundamental pillar for diversifying the local economic growth. The SASCO Company will

launch the project to deliver unique and world-class services to customers. Therefore, it will

target drivers and passengers passing through to rest, eat, and refuel without exiting secondary

roads. The design aims to provide outstanding roadside facilities to positively reflect the

upcoming Saudi vision 2030 to improve and expand public services to meet the population's

demands, increase economic growth, and flourishing tourism.

Research Questions

• What effects will rest areas have on improving the traveling experience through land

roads for drivers and passengers as it is the primary means of local transportation?

• What can rest area sustain to add value to the tourism and quality of life program of

Saudi vision and become a significant factor of the growing tourism sector and the local

economy in Jeddah?

• How can rest areas be designed to meet the environmental, technical, and administrative

requirements of the Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs and Housing?

• How will the resting areas work as a connection point between travelers and local

communities in Jeddah?
REST ON THE GO 15

Research Objectives

• Developing a rest area that meets high-quality standards and requirements to provide a

better traveling experience through land roads.

• Providing sustainable design solutions to minimize energy use and waste to achieve the

environmental requirements set by the Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs and Housing.

• Designing a rest area to attract tourists and travelers to their final destinations stimulates

tourism and local products while increasing the potential for the local economy.

Rationale

Community

The project will provide the community with high-quality roadside facilities and services

to enhance the traveling experience through land roads. Therefore, the improvement of services

offered encourages domestic tourism in the Kingdom as it may be considered entertainment,

tourist, and cultural sites by adding parks and museums. In addition, the rest areas on the

roadside may provide great opportunities to sell local products to tourists such as processed

foods, handicrafts, and souvenirs, which result in supporting the local economy.

Saudi Vision 2030

The vision 2030 for Saudi Arabia highlighted promoting young people to identify gaps

and offer solutions to upgrade the Kingdom. Consequently, the project will positively reflect the

upcoming vision by providing solutions that support the tourism and quality of life program

through developing the tourism sector and strengthening the Kingdom's position as a global
REST ON THE GO 16

tourist destination. Therefore, the aims of the mentioned program were a vital motivational factor

in conducting the project's objective.

Statistics

• The Tourism Information and Research Center (MAS) statistics revealed a summary of

the tourism movement in the first quarter of 2019. The summary shows that land roads

were used for 99.5% by domestic tourism trips and 21.8% by inbound tourism, which

indicates the importance of considering the experience of traveling on land roads as an

indispensable component of Saudi tourism (Falatah, 2020).

• The average daily traffic between cities is about two million vehicles. Therefore, rest

areas are a significant part of the traveling experience, especially for long distances

people, as there are currently 1,221 rest areas used on the road network around Saudi

Arabia (Falatah, 2020).

• According to the aim of the Massar program, which was launched in 2019 by the

Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs and Housing, 152 service centers have been

developed so far, and the program intends to complete the improvement of 320 (Falatah,

2020).

Target Audience

The project will target drivers, passengers, and tourists from ages 18 to 60 who travel

long-distance or pass through the Jeddah-Madinah highway to rest, eat and refuel. Accordingly,

several activities provided, such as restaurants, supermarkets, and retail, are offered for

individuals aged 18 to 60 while having their break. In comparison, the kid's area will be afforded
REST ON THE GO 17

for children ages 2 to 12 to have an enjoyable break. However, the motel welcomes individuals,

friends' groups, couples, or families.

Site Analysis

Jeddah- Al-Madinah highway, Saudi Arabia

The site significantly supports the project as it is located on a highway that serves many

travelers and passengers passing through to different destinations around Saudi Arabia, making it

a great spot to have a break before reaching their final destination. On the other hand, some of

the Ministry of Transport and Logistic Services statistics showed the average daily traffic

between cities, which tells the intensive use of such a place and the need for high-quality public

services and facilities. Eventually, this site is an excellent choice to implement the project

because of the lack of services surrounding it, except for the rest area's services and functions.

Legend

North Direction

Wind Direction

Landscape

Sun Direction

Main Street

Qibla Direction

Figure 1.1 Site Analysis, by Author Eithar Yankesar

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Figure 1.2 Gas Station (Retrieved on 5 Figure 1.3 Mosque by Sasco (Retrieved on 5
October 2021) October 2021)

Figure 1.4 Kids Area by Sasco (Retrieved Figure 1.5 Services by Sasco (Retrieved on
on 5 October 2021) 5 October 2021)

"The approval of having the technical drawing of Sasco Jeddah - Al Madinah Station is still under

process. As after I contacted the legal affairs department, I received an email stating that my request was

sent to the CEO and after getting the permission, they will send me the drawings files immediately."

Client Profile

Saudi Automotive Services Co. (SASCO) is a Saudi shareholding company specializing

in several activities represented in car service centers, a number of motels, restaurants, and fuel

transportation. It was established in 1402H (1982) with headquarters in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sasco is considered one of the premier establishments operating in the services sector, serving
REST ON THE GO 19

passengers and travelers all around Saudi Arabia according to specific operating criteria that set

customer satisfaction a priority. That makes it a suitable option to be the existing company

executing the project, as the concept of the project is intimately linked with the project and the

developmental procedures for all sectors of the company, in harmony with its expansion policy.

Figure 1.6 Client Logo (1982) by Sasco (Retrieved on 5 October 2021)

Mission

“To provide a range of integrated services to motorists and travelers, inside and outside
the cities, to the highest domestic and international standards, always ensuring customer
satisfaction with an emphasis on added value.” (SASCO, 1982)

Vision

“To become the premier company, in terms of service quality and integration, and an
example in the field of automotive service, rest house and motel management, on the
highways of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” (SASCO, 1982)

In conclusion, this chapter clarifies the purpose of this thesis as it demonstrates the

research questions and the objectives that will be achieved. At this point, the users and client

who will support the project and make it a reality have been identified. Therefore, the research

framework is ready and has defined the project scope and primary aim. The next chapter will

outline an analytical structure to select the appropriate research methodology to understand the

targeted population better.

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Chapter Two: Research Methodology

This chapter discusses the findings that resulted in understanding the community's

perspective and their needs for having a better traveling experience through land roads by

conducted data. The methodology aims to discover the factors that determine if the rest area can

be a profitable project that sustains to add value to the community or not. Therefore, the research

will follow a systematic approach to collect information via quantitative analysis to understand

the needs and make suitable solutions by analyzing data and creating future services predictions

to achieve satisfaction.

Type of Research Methodology

Quantitative

The selected approach of this research focuses on gathering quantifiable data to identify

the target audience preferences and collecting information that will support the understanding

necessity of such a project. Therefore, the collected data was conducted through a survey done

by google forms and was distributed to achieve a large amount of data in a relatively short

period. The survey questions were written in both English and Arabic languages. Also, it is

reliable and quick to receive data from multiple respondents. Accordingly, the answers will be a

mixture of multiple-choice, open-ended, yes-no, and suggestions. As to conclude; the responses

were 156, which is a very approachable number.

REST ON THE GO 21

Survey Questions

Question One: What is your age?

Justification: This question was directed to identify which age group is more

interested in traveling by land road.

Answer:

Figure 2.1 Question One Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The collected data showed that people aged 45 years and above are the

most prominent group that prefers to travel via land roads, followed by people

aged 18-24 years. Therefore, these percentages will affect the variety of services

and facilities provided in the rest area.

Question Two: Where do you live?

Justification: This question was directed to identify which age group is more

interested in traveling by land road.

REST ON THE GO 22

Answer:

Figure 2.2 Question Two Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results revealed that a significant percentage of people who live in

Makkah Al-Mukarramah and Jeddah is the most people who use the Jeddah-

Madinah highway.

Question Three: Do you prefer to travel on a road trip?

Justification: This question is to understand whether people prefer to use land

roads to travel or not.

Answer:

Figure 2.3 Question Three Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.
REST ON THE GO 23

Result: The results showed that numerous people prefer to travel through land

roads instead of other options.

Question Four: How often do you travel on a road trip?

Justification: This question is to understand how often people use the Jeddah-

Madinah highway and how often they travel through the land road during the

year.

Answer:

Figure 2.4 Question Four Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The data proved that a large percentage of people use land roads to travel

during the year at least once or more than that.

Question Five: Do you usually go on a road trip with: yourself, family, partner, or

friends

Justification: This question helps to know the type of services and facilities that

are preferred to serve different groups of visitors.

REST ON THE GO 24

Answer:

Figure 2.5 Question Five Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results indicated that people prefer to travel with their families, which

will direct the project to focus on the services provided to families.

Question Six: Would you consider traveling on a road trip with your children?

Justification: This question will clarify whether people prefer to travel with their

children or not, which will add services dedicated to children.

Answer:

Figure 2.6 Question Six Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results showed relative proportions between the two options.

However, the higher percentage was of those who preferred to travel with their
REST ON THE GO 25

children. Depending on the results, the rest area will provide services dedicated to

children.

Question Seven: What are your biggest challenges on a road trip?

Justification: This question helps to realize what problems and challenges

travelers face through land roads.

Answer:

Figure 2.7 Question Seven Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results and additional responses show that people need high-quality

and clean public services and facilities. As they need to take a break during the

road trip because they feel exhausted or drowsy, some answers tend to the need

for a maintenance center to maintain any sudden breakdown in the vehicle.

REST ON THE GO 26

Question Eight: Would you prefer to take a nap at a hotel before proceeding with

your road trip?

Justification: This question will help to clarify whether people need to have a

motel where they can have a nap or not.

Answer:

Figure 2.8 Question Eight Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: Although the results were close, it was made clear that travelers do not

prefer to take a nap but rather to rest, eat a meal, and then proceed with the trip.

Question Nine: What kind of services do you prefer to find in a rest area?

Justification: This question helps to identify what services and facilities travelers

need in the rest area while passing through during their road trip
REST ON THE GO 27

Answer:

Figure 2.9 Question Nine Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results and additional responses show that people need high-quality

and clean public services and facilities, such as restaurants, supermarkets, retail

shops, and maintenance centers.

Question Ten: Do you think improving rest areas on the highway will provide

you with a better travel experience?

Justification: This question helps to understand whether the community's

perspective matches with the concept and the aim of the project or not.
REST ON THE GO 28

Answer:

Figure 2.10 Question Ten Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The results show that people believe that having a high-quality rest area

will improve their traveling experience through land road.

Question Eleven: Do you think that improving rest areas on the highway will

help the development of domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia?

Justification: This question helps to understand whether the community thinks

that the development of public services helps support domestic tourism in Saudi

Arabia or not.

Answer:

Figure 2.11 Question Eleven Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.
REST ON THE GO 29

Result: The results show that people believe that having a high-quality rest area

can develop and support the domestic tourism sector in Saudi Arabia.

Question Twelve: Kindly share with me any suggestions or comments concerning

the design of rest areas on the highway?

Justification: This question was asked to deeply understand the target audience's

preferences and needs in terms of services to be provided in the space.

Answer:

Figure 2.12 Question Twelve Answer, by Author Eithar Yankesar through Google Forms.

Result: The responses show many suggestions that help provide innovative design

solutions to provide them with the best services and facilities.

REST ON THE GO 30

This methodology's illustrated approach resulted in proving the fact that the travelers are

in a massive need of such facilities to accommodate the highway. Hence, it has proven the

fact that there’s a lack in the market for such a business to be developed. Therefore, this is a

beneficial factor for the project to be successful.

REST ON THE GO 31

Chapter Three: Precedent Studies

The following chapter mainly focuses on analyzing precedent studies that support this

project's approachable concept. Therefore, the chapter will hold three studies of international

projects around the world that serves similar functions. As there are no rest areas with high-

quality facilities and services closely related to the concept of the project locally or either

regionally, it proves the importance of this project to be the first of its kind. On the other hand, it

will include a competitor project to shed light on design solutions provided and analyze the target

audience's needs.

Precedent Study #1

Name: Rest Area Niemenharju

Architect: Studio Puisto

Address: Pihtipudas, Finland

Year built: 2016

Client: Pihtipudas Municipality Real Estate

Area: 1200 m²

Target Audience: Drivers, passengers, and travelers passing through European highway E75

Rest Area Niemenharju was chosen for being the first among the top ten filling stations

globally due to its unique and innovative concept. It aims to offer a gas station and tourist center;

therefore, the design approach made it look like a stunning landmark for passing travelers. In

addition, the rest area is located on a major European highway that starts in the Norwegian town
REST ON THE GO 32

and runs south for 5,639 kilometers until it reaches Greece (stevens, 2019), which makes it a

significant spot that serves many groups.

Site Analysis N

Legend

North Direction

Main Street: E 75 highway

Sun Direction

Surroundings: The rest area is located

next to a large pond bordering lake kolima

Therefore, it is surrounded by unobstructed

Figure 3.1 Rest Area Niemenharju by
views towards the lake. Google Map (Retrieved on 24 October 2021)

Programming

Functional Diagram
Restrooms Retail Shop Kitchen Meeting Room
Dining Area Entrance Staff Area Storage

Figure 3.2 Functional Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 33

Zoning Diagram
Public
Private

Figure 3.3 Zoning Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)

Circulation Diagram

Figure 3.4 Circulation Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)
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Functions and activities

List of Functions

Entrance, Retail Shop, Restrooms, Dining Area, Kitchen, Staff Area, Meeting Room, and

Storage.

Activities

Relaxing, Dining, Walking, Shopping, Calming.

Programming table

Space Adjacencies Size in sqm Zoning

1 Entrance 1,2 5,44 m² Public
2 Retail Shop 2,3,5 40.6 m² Public
3 Restrooms 3,2 35.2 m² Public
4 Dining Area 4.5,2 161.1 m² Public
5 Kitchen 5.4 68.6 m² Private
6 Storage 6.5 13.0 m² Private
Total 323.94 m²

Table 3.1 Programming Table of Precedent Study #1 by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)

Interior

Materials and Colors

The design of the rest area is inspired by the surrounding nature; therefore, the interior walls

are made of laminated timber walls to establish a serene and calming atmosphere. Although

the selected materials are plain and colorless, the designer implemented his philosophy in

many space sectors. Hence, the constructional columns are designed in a curved shape to

represent a tree that evokes the feeling of being in a forest; not only that, but it is also
 REST ON THE GO 35

covered in natural wood to support the approach. The provided furniture is made of

sustainable materials such as linen; to achieve a sustainable design. Nevertheless, the chosen

materials are purposely affecting human psychology in creating a warmer and cozier space.

Glued
laminated
timber

Sustainable
materials

Figure 3.5 Dining Area front view, Rest Area Niemenharju,

by Marc Goodwin (Retrieved on 22 October 2021)

Tree resemblance

Large glass windows

Figure 3.6 Dining Area side view, Rest Area Niemenharju,

by Marc Goodwin (Retrieved on 22 October 2021)
 REST ON THE GO 36

Lighting

Lighting plays a massive role in the behavior of the customer or the occupants. Therefore, the

designer intended to create large windows for the light to pass through and bounce back.

Hence, this implementation is very beneficial in creating a sustainable environment by

reducing the use of electricity and using maximum use of natural light. It's also helpful in

boosting up the flow in the stores by attracting more customers to enjoy and relax in such

space. There are artificial lights implemented, such as pendants. However, he focused on

purposely using the LED bulb to match the overall sustainable approach.

Pendant light

Tree resemblance

Food buffet

Figure 3.7 Food Area, Rest Area Niemenharju, by

Marc Goodwin (Retrieved on 22 October 2021)

Exterior

Materials and shape

The structural wooden architecture reflects the design approach that is innovative and

sustainable. In contrast, the main building that holds the facilities is designed in black stained
 REST ON THE GO 37

boxes to blend into the surrounded nature, while the roof shields both the refueling area and

the walker zone around the building.

Wood structure

Entrance Stained boxes

Figure 3.8 Exterior side view, Rest Area Niemenharju, by

Marc Goodwin (Retrieved on 22 October 2021)

Signage and Entrance

The columns carry a vast canopy that curves upwards towards the road and holds signage

represented in giant letters. The logo is made of steel and embedded with LED strips to catch the

attention of the passing travelers. In contrast, the door entrance is made of simple glass sheets

and has a sliding opening.

 REST ON THE GO 38

Letters signage

Stained boxes

Door entrance

Figure 3.9 Exterior facade, Rest Area Niemenharju, by

Google Map (Retrieved on 22 October 2021)

In conclusion, this rest area provides a unique retreat from road trips and traffic to a

peaceful environment surrounded by unobstructed water views. Its concept shows that rest areas

can be considered more than just relaxing or having a break; they can also attract tourists through

distinctive design approaches. Moreover, materials and color selection play a huge role in

providing a calm and homey feel that is not typically found in a rest stop.

Precedent Study #2

Name: l-aire de la chaponne

Architect: Ora Ito

Address: The A6 autoroute, Paris

Year built: 2012

Client: The Elior Group

REST ON THE GO 39

Area: 1500 m²

Target Audience: Drivers, passengers, and travelers passing through A6 motorway

"l-aire de la chaponne" highway rest area was chosen because of its well-designed

structure and surrounding environment, contributing a unique entity experience. It aims to

provide travelers with warmth, harmony, and freedom of movement through its fluidity form.

Moreover, the prairie-like exterior helps break the monotony of vehicular travel by providing an

opportunity to picnic and play (Menocal, 2019), enhancing the traveler's experience passing

through it.

Site Analysis
N

Legend

North Direction

Main Street: A6 Motorway

Sun Direction

Surroundings: The rest area is surrounded

by widespread tree planting and landscaping

that provides a unique cozy experience and

Figure 3.10 l-aire de la chaponne by Google
values its users. map (Retrieved on 24 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 40

Programming

Functional Diagram
Restrooms Retail Shop Kitchen Office
Dining Area Entrance Staff Area Storage
Power Room Terrace Restaurant and Cafe

Figure 3.11 Functional Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)

Zoning Diagram
Public
Private

Figure 3.12 Zoning Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 41

Circulation Diagram

Figure 3.13 Circulation Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (24 October 2021)

Functions and activities

List of Functions

Entrance, Retail Shop, Restrooms, Dining Area, Restaurant and Café, Terrace, Kitchen,

Storage, Office, Staff Area, and Power Room,

Activities

Relaxing, Dining, Walking, Shopping, Calming, Picnicking

Programming table

Space Adjacencies Size in sqm Zoning

1 Entrance 1,2,4,8 214 m² Public
2 Retail Shop 2,1 210 m² Public
3 Restrooms 3,8,4 125.5 m² Both
4 Dining Area 4,8,1,7 280 m² Public
 REST ON THE GO 42

5 Kitchen 5,8,4 68.4 m² Private

6 Storage 6,5 190 m² Private
7 Terrace 7,4,1 90 m² Public
8 Restaurant and Café 8,4,5,6 138 m² Public
Total 1315.9 m²

Table 3.2 Programming Table of Precedent Study #2 by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)

Interior

Materials and Colors

This rest area was designed poetically and harmoniously; therefore, the selection of the

material has a strong relation to the surrounding design approach. The interior walls are

covered in wooden slats made of bamboo and cream paint uniformly handled through the

space, representing a sense of calmness and coziness. Moreover, the flooring along the space

was treated in durable matte ceramic tiles in a dusty beige tone.

Wooden slats

Cream walls

Matte ceramic tiles

Figure 3.14 Service Area, l-aire de la chaponne, by Fabrice

Dunou (Retrieved on 23 October 2021)
 REST ON THE GO 43

Lighting

The interior of the building is bathed in natural light due to the curved glazing that affords

expansive views of the widespread landscaping around the building. Also, a skylight has

centralized in the space to illuminate more natural light inside. Additionally, there are

artificial lights implemented in large ring pendants.

Skylight with pendant design

Wooden slats

Figure 3.15 Skylight, l-aire de la chaponne, by

Fabrice Dunou (Retrieved on 23 October 2021)
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Pendant ring light

Wooden slats

Dining Area

Figure 3.16 Pendant Lights, l-aire de la chaponne, by

Fabrice Dunou (Retrieved on 23 October 2021)

Exterior

Material and Structure

The structure of the building was non-architectural by integrating the building within the

volume of a hill. The roof has a vast, green-topped dome that is designed as a unique entity.

Also, the fluid forms of the main building have curved glazing facing the natural environment

around to provide optimal visibility and break down the monotony of vehicular travel. The

circular shape of the building produces a warm, harmonious, and reassuring atmosphere.
 REST ON THE GO 45

Green-topped dome

Curved glazing

Figure 3.17 Exterior, l-aire de la chaponne, by Fabrice

Dunou (Retrieved on 23 October 2021)

Signage

Although the signage is simply represented in massive letters against the hillside, it remains

lighthearted and attracts travelers as it delivers a clear design approach. On the other hand, the

signage shines brilliantly at night to be noticeable for motorists.

Green dome

Shine signage

Figure 3.18 Sigange, l-aire de la chaponne, by Fabrice

Dunou (Retrieved on 23 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 46

To conclude, the l-aire de la chaponne rest area structure is a masterpiece of itself through

its unique design approach. Also, the building form provides a direct comprehension of the area

while it offers fluidity and freedom of movement throughout the whole space. Therefore, the

dynamic structure and greenery allow to have a real break and forget the road, which appeals to

travelers to visit an ideal place to rest or have a picnic.

Precedent Study #3

Name: Sinopec Gas Station

Architect: TJAD Original Design Studio

Address: Huangpu District, Shanghai, China

Year built: 2020

Client: Sinopec Shanghai Branch

Area: 223 m²

Target Audience: Drivers, passengers, and travelers passing through A6 motorway

The Sinopec Gas Station was chosen for its unique experience due to its surrounding

historical memory areas; therefore, the contemporary concept will offer the station to be

noticeable.
REST ON THE GO 47

Site Analysis N

Legend

North Direction

Main Street: South Suzhou Road

Sun Direction

Surroundings: The rest area surrounded by

N

a riverside along the Suzhou River, near its

junction to Huangpu River.

Figure 3.19 Sinopec Gas Station by Google
map (Retrieved on 26 October 2021)

Programming

Functional Diagram
Restrooms Retail Shop Office
Dining Area Entrance Storage
Stairs Terrace Restaurant and Cafe

Figure 3.20 Functional Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 48

Figure 3.21 Functional Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)

Zoning Diagram
Public
Private

Figure 3.22 Zoning Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)
REST ON THE GO 49

Figure 3.23 Zoning Diagram by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)

Functions and activities

List of Functions

Entrance, Retail Shop, Restrooms, Dining Area, Restaurant and Café, Terrace, Storage,

Office, and Stairs.

Activities

Relaxing, Dining, Walking, Shopping, Calming,

Programming table

Space Adjacencies Size in sqm Zoning

1 Entrance 1,2 8 m² Public
2 Retail Shop 2,1 31 m² Public
3 Restrooms 3,1 26 m² Both
4 Dining Area 4,8,6 33 m² Public
5 Storage 5,7,8,3 15 m² Private
6 Terrace 6,4 48 m² Public
7 Restaurant and Café 8,2,4 25 m² Public
Total 186 m²

Table 3.3 Programming Table of Precedent Study #3 by Author Eithar Yankesar (26 October 2021)
 REST ON THE GO 50

Interior

Materials and Colors

The interior of this case study is considered to be very minimal, bright, and straightforward

to ensure the space's flexible circulation and spaciousness. The materials used are Reinforced

concrete, glass sheets, and steel with a color palette of greys and whites.

Reinforced concrete

Track light

Simple and wide

circulation

Figure 3.24 Terrace, Sinopec Gas Station, by ZY Architectural

Photography (Retrieved on 26 October 2021)

Lighting

The use of natural light is an essential feature in such a space. Therefore, several skylight

openings surround the ceiling to expose the interior to direct sunlight. On the other hand,

artificial lights were also implemented. Nevertheless, the critical fact is to minimize the use of

electricity and maximize daylight. All of these factors are considered sustainable elements to

be applied in this design.

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Spotlight box
Skylight covered
with glass sheets

Concrete panels

Figure 3.25 Market, Sinopec Gas Station, by ZY Architectural

Photography (Retrieved on 26 October 2021)
Exterior

Material and Structure

The structure of the building is made of a combination of steel and concrete folded board;

therefore, the steel part shows a light and concise state as it works as a canopy, while the

floor-to-ceiling concrete folded panel reveals a beautiful and powerful space experience. Also,

the structure has lacks publicity and transparency. Therefore, the designer focused on creating

a design that makes a breakthrough of gas station type and forms a publicly transparent

infrastructure, suitable for circulation, complex in function, and fit for a contemporary

context.
 REST ON THE GO 52

Concrete
folded panel
Terrace

Glass facade

Figure 3.26 Exterior, Sinopec Gas Station, by ZY Architectural

Photography (Retrieved on 26 October 2021)

In conclusion, Sinopec Gas Station has an attractive, dynamic structure and is

characterized by its riverfront location along the Suzhou River. From the terrace or the outside

area, visitors can enjoy a breathtaking view of the river while relaxing and having a break. The

interior ambiance reflects a minimalistic, bright, and straightforward design to ensure visitors

feel comfortable and welcome. It also has a creative blend of a minimal and industrial style that

follows a neutral color scheme.

Local Competitor

Name: Petromin Station

Address: Al Hijrah Rd, Medina

Year built: 2016

REST ON THE GO 53

Client: Petromin Corporation

Target Audience: Drivers, passengers, and travelers passing through Jeddah-Medina highway

About Petromin Corporation

Petromin Corporation is a leading lubricants and automotive services company in Saudi

Arabia that operates four business categories: oil lubricants, car servicing (Petromin Express),

fuel retailing, and car dealerships. The company was established in 1968 when it built its

reputation for producing the highest quality lubricants in the region. In 2007 Petromin went

through a change of ownership and the start of a journey of success to provide the highest quality

services and customer convenience (Petromin, 1968).

Figure 3.27 Petromin Logo (1968). By Petromin Corporation (Retrieved on 25 October 2021)

Mission

“We produce and market quality petroleum products and automotive services by
empowering our people to exceed the expectations of our customers, partners
shareholders and the community at large. (Petromin, 1968)
REST ON THE GO 54

Vision

“Be the leading company of choice in the Middle East and Africa region providing
quality petroleum products and automotive services (Petromin, 1968)

Industry

Petromin is one of the leading automotive services and lubricants company in Saudi Arabia,

aiming to achieve international standards to meet its customer requirements consistently. Also,

Petromin intends to be the leading company in the Middle East and Africa region by providing

high-quality petroleum products and automotive services. Furthermore, the Petromin factory in

Jeddah has obtained the standard international certificate for the occupational health and safety

management system.

Marketing issue

Although Petromin has social media platforms, it does not showcase all its facilities or

services, limiting them from reaching a higher target audience. Also, they lack variety in

services for different populations, which reduces their potential income that will significantly

increase if everyone finds what they are looking for.

Business Revenue

One liter of gasoline: 2.33 SR

Yearly retail shop rent: 50,000 to 100,000 SR

Car center services: 16 to 500 SR

REST ON THE GO 55

Functions and activities

List of Functions

Gas Station, Car Services Center, Restrooms, Mosque, Retail Shops, Restaurant.

Activities

Relaxing, Dining, Repairing, Shopping, Praying

Design Approach

Interior

LED Flat Panel

Brand Color

Durable Flooring

Figure 3.28 Primo Market, by Petromin Corporation

(Retrieved on 25 October 2021)
 REST ON THE GO 56

Exterior

Signage

Aluminum shelter

Gasoline pump

Figure 3.29 Gas Station, by Petromin Corporation

(Retrieved on 25 October 2021)

Signage

Glass Facade

Disabled Parking

Figure 3.30 Primo Market Entrance, by Petromin Corporation

(Retrieved on 25 October 2021)
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In summary, this chapter provided a framework for the project's design concepts by examining

three precedent studies worldwide and analyzing several design categories. It also helped

improve the inspiration and find justifications for ideas. Additionally, it allowed narrowing

design theories related to project goals to develop unique elements applicable to future design

challenges. Furthermore, it assists in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the

functions and facilities that users require. On the other hand, the chapter holds a local competitor

study to gain a deeper understanding of the design of an existing rest area and what is effective

and what is not.

REST ON THE GO 58

Chapter Four: Literature Review

This chapter will provide a review of existing literature in light of identifying design

elements and theories related to the project's concept to help establish the consistency of the

relation between the existing studies and the project's goal. It will include a summary of the

sources explored during the research. Therefore, it will hold six major studies focusing on the

essential design elements that will highlight the design of the rest area internally and externally.

Nonetheless, it will also cover a minor study in the Arabic language that indicates the importance

of such a project in Saudi Arabia to develop domestic tourism and the local economy.

Major Studies

Interior Design Specialized in Commercial

Space Planning and Safety

The quality of rest areas is essential to motorists and passengers as it must assure safety,

comfort, and functionality to provide the best experience on highway services. A study by

Kolodinskaja and Bertulienė (2020) showed that the most common causes of automobile

accidents are exhaustion and lack of sleep; hence, a practical and effective rest area layout

encourages drivers to take a break from intensive driving. They referenced a study showed that

supplemental rest areas could reduce motorway accidents due to drowsy driving by 14%.

Moreover, the authors mentioned that traveling by car is globally the most widespread traveling

method. Therefore, the road infrastructure must be appropriately constructed and developed to

include roadside rest stops, gas stations, tourism information boards, road information, and

service supply signs. It was also indicated in the article that rest and stop areas are divided into

four functional zones: traffic, passenger and car service facilities, hygiene and sanitary facilities,

and green plantation zones. According to the survey that was done by Kolodinskaja and
REST ON THE GO 59

Bertulienė (2020) it demonstrated drivers' and passenger's top priorities for available amenities in

rest areas, such as toilets (99.5%); a shelter/shed (93%); a table, chairs, and benches (93%); and

access to water (89%). The survey also concludes that most users are attracted to rest areas

located near scenic landscapes or natural sites. Consequently, Curtis (2017) emphasized that

wilderness experiences may be rescaled in order to achieve advantages in common and

accessible areas. This concept allows users to feel the experience as they observe the

surroundings, breathe the fresh air, listen to the natural sounds, and renew their energy. Rest

areas, in particular, are great subjects to examine when building a wilderness experience in an

area that isn't associated with wild nature. Furthermore, the author also stated that when feasible,

adding space between the building and parking allows visitors to decompress and enjoy the

natural surroundings before entering the place.

Results

The previous studies have shown that a proper layout of a rest area will encourage

motorists to have a short stop and take a break from continuous driving. Therefore, it has a

significant impact on lowering the crashes rate. Furthermore, the quality of rest areas design

provides the impression of the local image and attracts tourists, which in turn will provide

significant growth for the Saudi Arabian tourism industry. As a result, a survey demonstrated

that rest areas have main facilities and services that need to be included to enhance the user's

traveling experience.

Lighting and Sustainability

The research claimed by Youssef (2020) has emphasized the direct relationship between

the perception of the space's function and light assimilation. According to the study, lighting has
REST ON THE GO 60

the ability to draw the visitor's attention to the exterior and interior elements, which supports the

aesthetic of the design elements. The study also demonstrated that lighting could enhance

visitors' experiences and provide the first impression for evaluating a space. Moreover, the

author mentioned how efficient lighting design in high traffic areas enables users to feel safer.

Due to environmental considerations like energy-saving, designers must design with enough

natural light access during the day. Thus, using artificial lighting at night can demonstrate what

is essential to the project's typology and function (Youssef, 2020).

Qin et al. (2015) explained that highway rest areas are isolated and independent, so they

are dependent on their resources and the environment. Therefore, the significant consumption of

energy and electricity in highway rest areas, as well as the environmental impact, proved that rest

areas must use energy-efficient lighting systems. For that reason, the study also showed an on-

site experiment and illuminance simulation analysis that has revealed the design of natural light

guidance system that met the lighting requirements of the visitor in the rest area. In terms of

energy consumption, economic benefits, and environmental pollution, greenlighting for highway

rest facilities with solar technology is an environmentally friendly and sustainable lighting

solution (Qin et al., 2015).

Results

Lighting plays a significant role in a project internally and externally as it can enhance

the visitors' experience by providing a cozy, safe, and comfortable atmosphere. Therefore, the

necessity of lighting to draw people's attention and provide the first impression proved it as an

essential design element for rest areas. Also, the researchers agreed that highway rest areas must
REST ON THE GO 61

use energy-efficient lighting systems in order to reduce energy consumption for environmental

considerations.

Materials and Colors

In accordance with the research conducted by Selim (2021), colors are vital elements of

environment design, as they affect our perception and sense of place. In a recent study, colors

were shown to be visual communicators that catch users' attention. For example, the color of an

entrance will serve to orient visitors as they emerge from the main elevation (Youssef, 2020).

Moreover, the researcher concluded that color design is essential for place branding as a strong

physical element over other design features, as it should suit a brand's activities and be attractive

to the users. Recently, Selim (2021) demonstrated that brighter colors energize and enlarge

spaces rather than darker colors, creating a calming and relaxing environment and feeling more

intimate. Hence, the research also illustrated that color has an effect on people because of the

interaction between physical and mental processes, involving the process of seeing color and the

brain's processing of data. In addition, human perception of color in space is influenced by many

factors, such as hue, location in space, and spatial function.

Besides provide the first impression to evaluate the entire space, Malek and Alawad

(2020) prove that materials must be selected according to a clear set of criteria to succeed and

operate efficiently. These criteria must consider the following factors when selecting a material

as a design element: artistic, technical, functional, aesthetic, economic, and environmental.

Researchers also point out that material characteristics vary based on its source and thus classify

materials into natural, converted, and artificial materials. Malek and Alawad (2020) go on to
REST ON THE GO 62

illustrate how materials play a unique role from this perspective, mainly through creating a

comprehensive image of the building that is consistent and interdependent. Additionally,

Youssef (2020) mentioned how integrating different materials proficiently can reveal an aspect

of a building like an entrance.

Results

In interior design, colors and materials are considered the most critical elements that play

a vital role in internal spaces' aesthetic, functionality, and safety. Since color influences humans,

achieving the perfect balance of colors in a given space requires analyzing how people move

through the space and how the colors interact with each other. Moreover, materials selection has

the ability to boost the project; therefore, several factors must be considered to achieve specific

criteria to guarantee the project's success.

Minor Study

Domestic Tourism

According to Falatah (2020), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has focused on improving the

tourism sector as a pillar for diversifying the local economy by developing rest areas since land

routes remain the primary means of local transportation, especially for citizens and residents.

Therefore, rest areas are considered a significant part of the road trip experience, particularly for

people who travel for long distances. However, the author also stated that these road rest stops

have enormous potential to become an engine for the growing tourism sector. Moreover, the

article explored that Japanese road rest stops have become a starting point for local tours as they

provide tourists with some basic information about the area. For instance, visitors will learn

about traffic conditions, major nearby attractions, local culture, and history, usually provided

through screens, brochures, or tablets.

REST ON THE GO 63

Domestic Tourism and Cultural Sites

A further point stated by Falatah (2020) reviewed that Saudi Arabia has invested in

developing heritage sites, museums, resorts, and entertainment spots across the country. On the

other hand, the author explained how it is helpful to consider the development of road rest stops

facilities from becoming tourist destinations by hosting parks, museums and benefiting from the

geography of its distinctive locations. Today, rest areas are held as a meeting point between

travelers and local communities. To illustrate, Awaji Oasis Highway in Hyogo Prefecture is one

of the well-known rest areas for its Ferris wheel overlooking its watercourses and the sea.

Furthermore, the article assumes that these kinds of rest areas were developed by local

communities that did not have tourist sites to attract tourists and travelers on their way to their

final destinations.

Cultural Sites and Local Economy

The data claimed by Falatah (2020) showed that rest areas would have a significant

potential for local economic development in Saudi Arabia by promoting tourism and the

marketing of local products. Therefore, road rest stops in Japan market local cuisine and

products, such as farm products, processed foods, handicrafts, and souvenirs. Furthermore, the

author also stated that some road rest stops provide opportunities for travelers to participate and

experience the cultural and creative activities of the region. Also, selling local crafts such as

stonework, pottery, and woodwork. Moreover, the article showed that road rest stops create a

place where travelers interact with local communities to exchange cultures by inviting travelers

to experience their own making of local hand-made products.

REST ON THE GO 64

In conclusion, the chapter summarizes the existing literature and debates related to the thesis

topic to provide a foundation of knowledge. As previously discussed, a well-designed rest area

can be beneficial in terms of enhancing the perception of the local image and attracting tourists,

which will significantly affect the flourishing of the tourism industry in Saudi Arabia. Therefore,

researching relevant sources of information helped determine what is already known and how

thoroughly the case has been explored. Furthermore, lighting and materials selections to provide

first impressions and boost a project are critical design issues to be studied in rest areas.
REST ON THE GO 65

Chapter Five: Details for Interiors

Based on the data gathered from the previous chapters, this chapter illustrates the

essential details of the implementation of the futuristic interior design structure of the project

through the use of diagrams, tables, and matrix analysis to cover all the fundamental elements

required. Therefore, these primary details will be presented as four visual graphics and diagrams

that showcase the adjacencies between the spaces, proxemics, furniture and materials selection,

and more. In addition, the chapter will provide guidelines on how to determine the project's

safety, environmental, and regulatory aspects by following Saudi Building Code requirements,

which define minimum standards to assure public health and safety.

Matrix

Approx. Name
Plumbing Natural Light Public Access
sqm
Y Y 109 m² Entrance
Y 262 m² Retail Shop
Y Y 307 m² Dining Area
Y 173 m² Kitchen
86 m² Storage
Y Y 93 m² Restrooms
Y Y Y 180 m² Restaurant & Café
Y Y 111 m² Terrace
Y Y 146 m² Lounge
Y 15 m² Emergency Clinic
18 m² Office

Should Must Maybe

Table 5.1 Criteria Matrix by Author Eithar Yankesar (19 December 2021)
 REST ON THE GO 66

Design Program

Space/ Equipment/ Material Environmental Future

No. Size Proxemics Acoustics Lighting Color
Function Furniture s Qualities Factors
Tiles,
Signage, High Spotlight Vibrant
1 Entrance 109 m² 2,6,10 Vinyl N/A
Screens Acoustics Recessed Colors
Floor
Shelves,
Retail High Spotlight Vibrant Ceramic
2 262 m² 1,5,3 Cabinets, N/A
Shop Acoustics Recessed Colors Tiles
Cashier
Tables, Spotlight Neutral
Dining High Ceramic
3 307 m² 4,7 Chair, Bar, Recessed Green, Skylight
Area Acoustics Tiles
Stool Pendant Red
Shelves,
Concrete
Cabinets, High Neutral
4 Kitchen 173 m² 3,5 Recessed pour in N/A
Sanitary Acoustics Colors Involve universal
site
fixtures design principles
Concrete
Shelves, Low Neutral
5 Storage 86 m² 4,7 Recessed pour in Increases usability N/A
Cabinets Acoustics Colors
site and safety
Sanitary Low Neutral Ceramic
6 Restrooms 93 m² 1,3,7 Recessed Ensure natural N/A
fixtures Acoustics Colors Tiles
light and scene
Tables, Spotlight Neutral, access
Restaurant High Ceramic
7 180 m² 3,4,9 Chairs, Bar, Recessed Red N/A
& Café Acoustics Tiles
Cabinets Pendant shades Apply appropriate
Tables, High Natural Neutral Epoxy ventilation system Terrace
8 Terrace 111 m² 6,7
Chairs Acoustics light Colors Flooring Shade
Recessed
Sofa, Neutral Ceramic
Low Pendant
9 Lounge 146 m² 2,7 Armchair, warm Tiles, Skylight
Acoustics Floor
Tables tones Carpet
Lamb
Cabinets, Wood
Emergency Low Cool
10 15 m² 1,11 Desk, Recessed Laminate N/A
Clinic Acoustics Colors
Patient Bed Flooring
Desk, Wood
High Neutral
11 Office 18 m² 2,10 Cabinets, Recessed Laminate N/A
Acoustics Colors
Chair Flooring

Table 5.2 Design Program by Author Eithar Yankesar (19 December 2021)
REST ON THE GO 67

Relationship Diagram

Figure 5.1 Relationship Diagram (21 October 2021)

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Finish Schedule

No. Space Name Level Flooring Wall (N) Wall (S) Wall (E) Wall (W) Ceiling Notes

Ground Tiles, Vinyl Glass Glass

1 Entrance Wall Paint Wall Paint Plaster N/A
Floor Floor Facade Facade

Ground Ceramic Plaster,

2 Retail Shop Wall Paint Wall Paint Wallpaper Wall Paint N/A
Floor Tiles Pendant

Ground Ceramic N/A N/A Wooden Glass

3 Dining Area Paint Skylight
Floor Tiles slats Facade
Wall Paint, Wall Paint Wall
Ground Concrete Door Paint,
4 Kitchen Wall Tiles Paint N/A
Floor Flooring Sanitary
Fixtures
Ground Concrete Wooden Plaster,
5 Storage Wall Paint Wall Paint Wall Paint N/A
Floor Flooring slats spotlight
Wall Wall Tiles,
Ground Ceramic Wall Tiles,
6 Restrooms Wall Paint Paint, Sanitary Paint N/A
Floor Tiles Mirror
Door Fixtures
Restaurant & Ground Ceramic Wooden Wooden
7 N/A Wall Paint Paint N/A
Café Floor Tiles slats slats

Ground Ceramic Exposed Terrace

8 Terrace N/A Wall Paint N/A N/A
Floor Tiles ceiling Shade
Wooden
Ground Ceramic
9 Lounge Wall Paint N/A Wall Paint Paint Skylight
Floor Tiles, Carpet slats
Wood Wall
Emergency Ground Wall Paint,
10 Laminate Wall Paint Wall Paint Paint, Paint N/A
Clinic Floor Door
Flooring Window
Wood Wall
Ground Wall Paint,
11 Office Laminate Paint/ Wallpaper Wall Paint Paint N/A
Floor Door
Flooring Shelves

Table 5.3 Finish Schedule by Author Eithar Yankesar (19 December 2021)
REST ON THE GO
Saudi Building Codes
(It was copied due to educational purposes)
CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY OF THE SAUDI BUILDING CODE
PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION
SECTION 101 GENERAL
101.3 Intent. The purpose of this code is to
establish the minimum requirements to
provide a reasonable level of safety, public
health and general welfare through structural
strength, means of egress facilities, stability,
sanitation, adequate light and ventilation,
energy conservation, and safety to life and
property from fire and other hazards
attributed to the built environment and to
provide a reasonable level of safety to fire
fighters and emergency responders during
emergency operations.
101.4 Referenced codes. The other codes
listed in Sections 101.4.1 through 101.4.10
and referenced elsewhere in this code shall be
considered part of the requirements of this
code to the prescribed extent of each such
reference.
101.4.2 Electrical. The provisions of the SBC
401 shall apply to the installation of electrical
wiring from the point of delivery, electrical
appliances and related accessories as covered
in this code. These requirements apply to
electrical wiring systems extending from the
point of delivery to the inlet connections of
appliances and the installation and operation
of residential and commercial electrical
appliances and related accessories.
101.4.3 Mechanical. The provisions of the
SBC 501 shall apply to the installation,
alterations, repairs and replacement of
mechanical systems, including equipment,
appliances, fixtures, fittings and/or
appurtenances, including ventilating, heating,
cooling, air-conditioning and refrigeration
69
systems, incinerators and other energy related
systems.
101.4.4 Energy. The provisions of the SBC
601 and SBC 602 shall apply to all matters
governing the design and construction of
buildings for energy efficiency
101.4.5 Plumbing. The provisions of the SBC
701 and SBC 702 shall apply to the
installation, alteration, repair and replacement
of plumbing systems, including equipment,
appliances, fixtures, fittings and
appurtenances, and where connected to a
water or sewage system and all aspects of a
medical gas system.
101.4.6 Fire prevention. The provisions of the
SBC 801 shall apply to matters affecting or
relating to structures, processes and premises
from the hazard of fire and explosion arising
from the storage, handling or use of
structures, materials or devices; from
conditions hazardous to life, property or
public welfare in the occupancy of structures
or premises; and from the construction,
extension, repair, alteration or removal of fire
suppression, automatic sprinkler systems and
alarm systems or fire hazards in the structure
or on the premises from occupancy or
operation.
101.4.10 Fuel Gas The provisions of the SBC
1201 shall apply to the installation of gas
piping from the point of delivery, gas
appliances and related accessories as covered
in this code. These requirements apply to gas
piping systems extending from the point of
delivery to the inlet connections of appliances
and the installation and operation of
residential and commercial gas appliances and
related accessories.
Running head: REST ON THE GO
CHAPTER 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
SECTION 303 ASSEMBLY GROUP A
303.1 Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A
occupancy includes, among others, the use of
a building or structure, or a portion thereof,
for the gathering of persons for purposes such
as civic, social or religious functions;
recreation, food or drink consumption or
awaiting transportation.
303.1.1 Small buildings and tenant spaces. A
building or tenant space used for assembly
purposes with an occupant load of less than
50 persons shall be classified as a Group B
occupancy.
303.1.2 Small assembly spaces. The
following rooms and spaces shall not be
classified as Assembly occupancies:
1. A room or space used for assembly
purposes with an occupant load of less than
50 persons and accessory to another
occupancy shall be classified as a Group B
occupancy or as part of that occupancy.
2. A room or space used for assembly
purposes that is less than 70 m2 in area and
accessory to another occupancy shall be
classified as a Group B occupancy or as part
of that occupancy.
303.1.3 Associated with Group E
occupancies. A room or space used for
assembly purposes that is associated with a
Group E occupancy is not considered a
separate occupancy
SECTION 309 MERCANTILE GROUP M
309.1 Mercantile Group M. Mercantile
Group M occupancy includes, among others,
the use of a building or structure or a portion
thereof for the display and sale of
merchandise, and involves stocks of goods,
wares or merchandise incidental to such
purposes and accessible to the public.
70
Mercantile occupancies shall include, but not
be limited to, the following:
• Department stores
• Medical stores
• Markets
• Motor fuel-dispensing facilities
• Retail or wholesale stores
• Sales rooms
309.2 Quantity of hazardous materials. The
aggregate quantity of nonflammable solid and
nonflammable or noncombustible liquid
hazardous materials stored or displayed in a
single control area of a Group M occupancy
shall not exceed the quantities in Table
414.2.5(1).
SECTION 311 STORAGE GROUP S
311.1 Storage Group S. Storage Group S
occupancy includes, among others, the use of
a building or structure, or a portion thereof,
for storage that is not classified as a
hazardous occupancy.
311.1.1 Accessory storage spaces. A room or
space used for storage purposes that is less
than 10 m2 in area and accessory to another
occupancy shall be classified as part of that
occupancy. The aggregate area of such rooms
or spaces shall not exceed the allowable area
limits of Section 508.2.
311.2 Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1.
Storage Group S-1 occupancies are buildings
occupied for storage uses that are not
classified as Group S-2, including, but not
limited to, storage of the following:
• Bags: cloth, burlap and paper
• Baskets
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• Books and paper in rolls or packs
• Glues, mucilage, pastes and size.
CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED
REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND
SECTION 401 SCOPE
401.1 Detailed use and occupancy
requirements. In addition to the occupancy
and construction requirements in this code,
the provisions of this chapter apply to the
special uses and occupancies described
herein.
SECTION 402 COVERED MALL AND
OPEN MALL BUILDINGS
402.3 Lease plan. Each owner of a covered
mall building or of an open mall building
shall provide both the building and fire
departments with a lease plan showing the
location of each occupancy and its exits after
the certificate of occupancy has been issued.
No modifications or changes in occupancy or
use shall be made from that shown on the
lease plan without prior approval of the
building official.
402.4.2 Fire-resistance-rated separation. Fire
resistance rated separation is not required
between tenant spaces and the mall. Fire-
resistance-rated separation is not required
between a food court and adjacent tenant
spaces or the mall.
402.5 Automatic sprinkler system. Covered
and open mall buildings and buildings
connected shall be equipped throughout with
an automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1, which shall comply
with all of the following:
1. The automatic sprinkler system shall be
complete and operative throughout occupied
71
• Cardboard and cardboard boxes
space in the mall building prior to
occupancy of any of the tenant spaces.
Unoccupied tenant spaces shall be similarly
protected unless provided with approved
alternative protection.
2. Sprinkler protection for the mall of a
covered mall building shall be independent
from that provided for tenant spaces or
anchor buildings.
3. Sprinkler protection for the tenant spaces of
an open mall building shall be independent
from that provided for anchor buildings.
4. Sprinkler protection shall be provided
beneath exterior circulation balconies
located adjacent to an open mall.
5. Where tenant spaces are supplied by the
same system, they shall be independently
controlled.
Exception: An automatic sprinkler system
shall not be required in spaces or areas of
open parking garages separated from the
covered or open mall building in accordance
with Section 402.4.2.3 and constructed in
accordance with Section 406.5.
402.6 Interior finishes and features. Interior
finishes within the mall and installations
within the mall shall comply with Sections
402.6.1 through 402.6.4.
402.6.1 Interior finish. Interior wall and
ceiling finishes within the mall of a covered
mall building and within the exits of covered
or open mall buildings shall have a minimum
flame spread index and smoke-developed
index of Class B in accordance with Chapter
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8. Interior floor finishes shall meet the
requirements of Section 804.
402.6.3 Children’s play structures. Children’s
play structures located within the mall of a
covered mall building or within the perimeter
line of an open mall building shall comply
with Section 424. The horizontal separation
between children’s play structures, kiosks and
similar structures within the mall shall be not
less than 6 m.
402.6.4 Plastic signs. Plastic signs affixed to
the storefront of any tenant space facing a
mall or open mall shall be limited as specified
in Sections 402.6.4.1 through 402.6.4.5.
402.7 Emergency systems. Covered and
open mall buildings, anchor buildings and
associated parking garages shall be provided
with emergency systems complying with
Sections 402.7.1 through 402.7.5.
402.7.1 Standpipe system. Covered and open
mall buildings shall be equipped throughout
with a standpipe system as required by
Section 905.3.3.
402.7.2 Smoke control. Where a covered mall
building contains an atrium, a smoke control
system shall be provided in accordance with
Section 404.5.
Exception: A smoke control system is not
required in covered mall buildings where an
atrium connects only two stories.
402.7.3 Emergency power. Covered mall
buildings greater than 4500 m2 in area and
open mall buildings greater than 4500 m2
within the established perimeter line shall be
provided with emergency power that is
capable of operating the emergency
voice/alarm communication system in
accordance with Section 2702.
72
402.7.4 Emergency voice/alarm
communication system. Where the total floor
area is greater than 4500 m2 within either a
covered mall building or within the perimeter
line of an open mall building, an emergency
voice/alarm communication system shall be
provided.
Emergency voice/alarm communication
systems serving a mall, required or otherwise,
shall be accessible to the fire department. The
systems shall be provided in accordance with
Section 907.5.2.2.
402.8.2.4 Food courts. The occupant load of
a food court shall be determined in
accordance with Section 1004. For the
purposes of determining the means of egress
requirements for the mall, the food court
occupant load shall be added to the occupant
load of the covered or open mall building as
calculated above.
402.8.5 Distance to exits. Within each
individual tenant space in a covered or open
mall building, the distance of travel from any
point to an exit or entrance to the mall shall
be not greater than 60 m. The distance of
travel from any point within a mall of a
covered mall building to an exit shall be not
greater than 60 m. The maximum distance of
travel from any point within an open mall to
the perimeter line of the open mall building
shall be not greater than 60 m.
402.8.6 Access to exits. Where more than one
exit is required, they shall be so arranged that
it is possible to travel in either direction from
any point in a mall of a covered mall building
to separate exits or from any point in an open
mall of an open mall building to two separate
locations on the perimeter line, provided
neither location is an exterior wall of an
anchor building or parking garage. The width
REST ON THE GO 73

of an exit passageway or corridor from a mall 403.4 Emergency systems. The detection,
shall be not less than 1.7 m. alarm and emergency systems of high-rise
buildings shall comply with Sections 403.4.1
Exception: Access to exits is permitted by
through 403.4.8.
way of a dead end mall that does not exceed a
length equal to twice the width of the mall 403.4.1 Smoke detection. Smoke detection
measured at the narrowest location within the shall be provided in accordance with Section
dead-end portion of the mall. 907.2.13.1. 403.4.2 Fire alarm system. A fire
alarm system shall be provided in accordance
SECTION 403 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
with Section 907.2.13.
403.1 Applicability. High-rise buildings shall
403.4.3 Standpipe system. A high-rise
comply with Sections 403.2 through 403.6.
building shall be equipped with a standpipe
403.2.1 Reduction in fire-resistance rating. system as required by Section 905.3.
The fire-resistance- rating reductions listed in
403.4.4 Emergency voice/alarm
Sections 403.2.1.1 and 403.2.1.2 shall be
communication system. An emergency
allowed in buildings that have sprinkler
voice/alarm communication system shall be
control valves equipped with supervisory
provided in accordance with Section
initiating devices and water-flow initiating
907.5.2.2.
devices for each floor.
403.4.5 Emergency responder radio coverage.
403.2.3 Structural integrity of interior exit
Emergency responder radio coverage shall be
stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures.
provided in accordance with Section 510 of
For high-rise buildings of Risk Category III or
the SBC 801.
IV in accordance with Section 1604.5, and for
all buildings that are more than 128 m in 403.4.6 Fire command. A fire command
building height, enclosures for interior exit center complying with Section 911 shall be
stairways and elevator hoistway enclosures provided in a location approved by the fire
shall comply with Sections 403.2.3.1 through department.
403.2.3.4.
403.4.8.2 Fuel line piping protection. Fuel
403.2.4 Sprayed fire-resistant materials lines supplying a generator set inside a
(SFRM). The bond strength of the SFRM building shall be separated from areas of the
installed throughout the building shall be in building other than the room the generator is
accordance with Table 403.2.4. located in by an approved method or
assembly that has a fire resistance rating of
403.3.1 Number of sprinkler risers and system
not less than 2 hours. Where the building is
design. Each sprinkler system zone in
protected throughout with an automatic
buildings that are more than 128 m in
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
building height shall be supplied by no fewer
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, the required
than two risers. Each riser shall supply
fireresistance rating shall be reduced to 1
sprinklers on alternate floors. If more than
hour.
two risers are provided for a zone, sprinklers
on adjacent floors shall not be supplied from
the same riser.
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403.4.8.3 Standby power loads. The
following are classified as standby power
loads:
1. Power and lighting for the fire
command center required by Section
403.4.6.
2. Ventilation and automatic fire detection
equipment for smoke proof enclosures.
3. Elevators.
4. Where elevators are provided in a high-
rise building for accessible means of
egress, fire service access or occupant self-
evacuation, the standby power system shall
also comply with Sections 1009.4, 3007 or
3008, as applicable.
SECTION 424 CHILDREN’S PLAY
STRUCTURES 424.1 Children’s play
structures. Children’s play structures
installed inside all occupancies covered by
this code that exceed 3 m in height and 14
m2 in area shall comply with Sections
424.2 through 424.5.
424.2 Materials. Children’s play structures
shall be constructed of noncombustible
materials or of combustible materials that
comply with the following:
1. Fire-retardant-treated wood complying
with Section 2303.2.
2. Light-transmitting plastics complying
with Section 2606.
3. Foam plastics (including the pipe
foam used in soft contained play
equipment structures) having a maximum
heat-release rate not greater than 100
kilowatts when tested in accordance with
UL 1975 or when tested in accordance
with NFPA 289, using the 20 kW
ignition source.
74
4. Aluminum composite material (ACM)
meeting the requirements of Class A
interior finish in accordance with Chapter
8 when tested as an assembly in the
maximum thickness intended for use.
5. Textiles and films complying with the
fire propagation performance criteria
contained in Test Method 1 or Test
Method 2, as appropriate, of NFPA 701.
6. Plastic materials used to construct
rigid components of soft-contained play
equipment structures (such as tubes,
windows, panels, junction boxes, pipes,
slides and decks) exhibiting a peak rate
of heat release not exceeding 400 kW/
m2 when tested in accordance with
ASTM E1354 at an incident heat flux of
50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation at
a thickness of 6 mm.
7. Ball pool balls, used in soft-contained
play equipment structures, having a
maximum heat-release rate not greater
than 100 kilowatts when tested in
accordance with UL 1975 or when tested
in accordance with NFPA 289, using the
20 kW ignition source. The minimum
specimen test size shall be 900 mm by
900 mm by an average of 500 mm deep,
and the balls shall be held in a box
constructed of galvanized steel poultry
netting wire mesh.
8. Foam plastics shall be covered by a
fabric, coating or film meeting the fire
propagation performance criteria
contained in Test Method 1 or Test
Method 2, as appropriate, of NFPA 701.
9. The floor covering placed under the
children’s play structure shall exhibit a
Class I interior floor finish classification,
REST ON THE GO 75

as described in Section 804, when tested horizontal separation from other

in accordance with NFPA 253. children’s play structures of not less than
6 m.
424.3 Fire protection. Children’s play
structures shall be provided with the 424.5 Area limits. Children’s play
same level of approved fire suppression structures shall be not greater than 28 m2
and detection devices required for other in area, unless a special investigation,
structures in the same occupancy. acceptable to the building official, has
demonstrated adequate fire safety.
424.4 Separation. Children’s play
structures shall have a horizontal
separation from building walls, partitions
and from elements of the means of egress
of not less than 1.5 m. Children’s
playground structures shall have a

CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 1006 NUMBER OF EXITS AND
EXIT ACCESS DOORWAYS
1006.1 General. The number of exits or exit
access doorways required within the means of
egress system shall comply with the provisions
of Section 1006.2 for spaces, including
mezzanines, and Section 1006.3 for stories.
1006.2 Egress from spaces. Rooms, areas or
spaces, including mezzanines, within a story or
basement shall be provided with the number of
exits or access to exits in accordance with this
section.
1006.2.1 Egress based on occupant load and
common path of egress travel distance. Two
exits or exit access doorways from any space
shall be provided where the design occupant
load or the common path of egress travel
distance exceeds the values listed in Table
1006.2.1.
Exceptions:
1. In Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies, one
means of egress is permitted within and
from individual dwelling units with a
maximum occupant load of 20 where the
dwelling unit is equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and the
common path of egress travel does not
exceed 38 m.
2. Care suites in Group I-2 occupancies
complying with Section 407.4.
1006.2.1.1 Three or more exits or exit access
doorways. Three exits or exit access
doorways shall be provided from any space
with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four
exits or exit access doorways shall be
provided from any space with an occupant
load greater than 1,000.
1006.2.2 Egress based on use. The numbers of
exits or access to exits shall be provided in the
uses described in Sections 1006.2.2.1 through
1006.2.2.5.
1006.2.2.3 Refrigerated rooms or spaces.
Rooms or spaces having a floor area larger than
93 m2 , containing a refrigerant evaporator and
REST ON THE GO
maintained at a temperature below 20°C, shall
have access to not less than two exits or exit
access doorways. Exit access travel distance
shall be determined as specified in Section
1017.1, but all portions of a refrigerated room
or space shall be within 45 m of an exit or exit
access doorway where such rooms are not
protected by an approved automatic sprinkler
system. Egress is allowed through adjoining
refrigerated rooms or spaces. Exception: Where
using refrigerants in quantities limited to the
amounts based on the volume set forth in the
Saudi Mechanical Code.
1006.2.2.5 Vehicular ramps. Vehicular ramps
shall not be considered as an exit access ramp
unless pedestrian facilities are provided.
1006.3 Egress from stories or occupied roofs.
The means of egress system serving any story
or occupied roof shall be provided with the
number of exits or access to exits based on the
aggregate occupant load served in accordance
with this section. The path of egress travel to an comply with this section. Accessible spaces
exit shall not pass through more than one
adjacent story.
SECTION 1007 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS
DOORWAY CONFIGURATION
1007.1 General. Exits, exit access doorways,
and exit access stairways and ramps serving
spaces, including individual building stories,
shall be separated in accordance with the
provisions of this section.
1007.1.1 Two exits or exit access doorways.
Where two exits, exit access doorways, exit
access stairways or ramps, or any combination
thereof, are required from any portion of the
exit access, they shall be placed a distance apart
equal to not less than one-half of the length of
the maximum overall diagonal dimension of
the building or area to be served measured in a
straight line between them. Interlocking or
76
scissor stairways shall be counted as one exit
stairway.
Exceptions:
1. Where interior exit stairways or ramps are
interconnected by a 1-hour fire-
resistancerated corridor conforming to the
requirements of Section 1020, the required
exit separation shall be measured along the
shortest direct line of travel within the
corridor.
2. Where a building is equipped throughout
with an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2, the separation distance shall be not
less than onethird of the length of the
maximum overall diagonal dimension of the
area served.
SECTION 1009 ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF
EGRESS 1009.1 Accessible means of egress
required. Accessible means of egress shall
shall be provided with not less than one
accessible means of egress. Where more than
one means of egress are required by Section
1006.2 or 1006.3 from any accessible space,
each accessible portion of the space shall be
served by not less than two accessible means
of egress.
Exceptions:
1. Accessible means of egress are not required
to be provided in existing buildings.
2. One accessible means of egress is required
from an accessible mezzanine level in
accordance with Section 1009.3, 1009.4 or
1009.5.
3. In assembly areas with ramped aisles or
stepped aisles, one accessible means of egress
is permitted where the common path of
REST ON THE GO
egress travel is accessible and meets the
requirements in Section 1029.8.
1009.3 Stairways. In order to be considered
part of an accessible means of egress, a
stairway between stories shall have a clear
width of 1200 mm minimum between
handrails and shall either incorporate an area
of refuge within an enlarged floor-level
landing or shall be accessed from an area of
refuge complying with Section 1009.6. Exit
access stairways that connect levels in the
same story are not permitted as part of an
accessible means of egress.
Exceptions:
1. Exit access stairways providing means of
egress from mezzanines are permitted as part
of an accessible means of egress.
2. The clear width of 1200 mm between
handrails is not required in buildings
equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system installed in accordance with
Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.
3. The clear width of 1200 mm between
handrails is not required for stairways
accessed from a refuge area in conjunction
with a horizontal exit.
4. Areas of refuge are not required at exit
access stairways where two-way
communication is provided at the elevator
landing in accordance with Section 1009.8.
5. Areas of refuge are not required at stairways
in buildings equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2.
6. Areas of refuge are not required at stairways 1009.5 Platform lifts. Platform lifts shall be
serving open parking garages. 7. Areas of
refuge are not required for smokeprotected
77
assembly seating areas complying with
Section 1029.6.2.
8. Areas of refuge are not required at stairways
in Group R-2 occupancies.
9. Areas of refuge are not required for
stairways accessed from a refuge area in
conjunction with a horizontal exit.
1009.4 Elevators. In order to be considered
part of an accessible means of egress, an
elevator shall comply with the emergency
operation and signaling device requirements
of Section 2.27 of ASME/CSA B44 A17.1.
Standby power shall be provided in
accordance with Chapter 27 and Section
3003. The elevator shall be accessed from an
area of refuge complying with Section
1009.6.
Exceptions:
1. Areas of refuge are not required at the
elevator in open parking garages.
2. Areas of refuge are not required in buildings
and facilities equipped throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system installed in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or
903.3.1.2.
3. Areas of refuge are not required at elevators
not required to be located in a shaft in
accordance with Section 712.
4. Areas of refuge are not required at elevators
serving smoke-protected assembly seating
areas complying with Section 1029.6.2.
5. Areas of refuge are not required for elevators
accessed from a refuge area in conjunction
with a horizontal exit.
permitted to serve as part of an accessible
means of egress where allowed as part of a
required accessible route in Section 1109.8
REST ON THE GO
except for Item 10. Standby power for the
platform lift shall be provided in accordance
with Chapter 27.
1009.6 Areas of refuge. Every required area of
refuge shall be accessible from the space it
serves by an accessible means of egress.
1009.6.1 Travel distance. The maximum travel
distance from any accessible space to an area of
refuge shall not exceed the exit access travel
distance permitted for the occupancy in
accordance with Section 1017.1.
1009.6.2 Stairway or elevator access. Every
required area of refuge shall have direct access
to a stairway complying with Sections 1009.3
and 1023 or an elevator complying with
Section 1009.4.
SECTION 1020 CORRIDORS
1020.1 Construction. Corridors shall be
fireresistance rated in accordance with Table
1020.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-
resistance rated shall comply with Section 708
for fire partitions.
Exceptions:
1. A fire-resistance rating is not required for
corridors in an occupancy in Group E where
each room that is used for instruction has not
less than one door opening directly to the
exterior and rooms for assembly purposes have
not less than one-half of the required means of
egress doors opening directly to the exterior.
Exterior doors specified in this exception are
required to be at ground level.
2. A fire-resistance rating is not required for
corridors contained within a dwelling unit or
sleeping unit in an occupancy in Groups I-1
and R.
3. A fire-resistance rating is not required for
corridors in open parking garages.
78
4. A fire-resistance rating is not required for
corridors in an occupancy in Group B that is
a space requiring only a single means of
egress complying with Section 1006.2.
5. Corridors adjacent to the exterior walls of
buildings shall be permitted to have
unprotected openings on unrated exterior
walls where unrated walls are permitted by
Table 602 and unprotected openings are
permitted by Table 705.8.
1020.2 Width and capacity. The required
capacity of corridors shall be determined as
specified in Section 1005.1, but the minimum
width shall be not less than that specified in
Table 1020.2.
Exception: In Group I-2 occupancies, corridors
are not required to have a clear width of 2400
mm in areas where there will not be stretcher or
bed movement for access to care or as part of
the defend-in-place strategy.
1020.4 Dead ends. Where more than one exit
or exit access doorway is required, the exit
access shall be arranged such that there are no
dead ends in corridors more than 6000 mm in
length.
Exceptions:
1. In occupancies in Group I-3 of Condition 2,
3 or 4, the dead end in a corridor shall not
exceed 15 m.
2. In occupancies in Groups B, E, F, I-1, M,
R1, R-2, R-4, S and U, where the building is
equipped throughout with an automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1, the length of the dead-end
corridors shall not exceed 15 m.
3. A dead-end corridor shall not be limited in
length where the length of the dead-end
corridor is less than 2.5 times the least width
of the dead-end corridor
Running head: REST ON THE GO 79

CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

SECTION 1201 GENERAL accordance with manufacturer’s installation

instructions.
1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter
shall govern ventilation, temperature control, Exception: The net free cross-ventilation area
lighting, yards and courts, sound shall be permitted to be reduced to 1/300
transmission, room dimensions, surrounding
provided both of the following conditions are
materials and rodent proofing associated with
met:
the interior spaces of buildings.
1. In Climate Zones 6, 7 and 8, a Class I or II
1203 VENTILATION
vapor retarder is installed on the warm-
1203.1 General. Buildings shall be provided inwinter side of the ceiling.
with natural ventilation in accordance with
2. At least 40 percent and not more than 50
Section 1203.4, or mechanical ventilation in
percent of the required venting area is
accordance with SBC 501. Where the air
provided by ventilators located in the upper
infiltration rate in a dwelling unit is less than
portion of the attic or rafter space. Upper
5 air changes per hour when tested with a
ventilators shall be located not more than
blower door at a pressure 50 Pa in accordance
900 mm below the ridge or highest point of
with Section 402.4.1.2 of International
the space, measured vertically, with the
Energy Conservation Code—Residential
balance of the ventilation provided by eave
Provisions (or its equivalent in SBC 602), the
or cornice vents. Where the location of wall
dwelling unit shall be ventilated by
or roof framing members conflicts with the
mechanical means in accordance with Section
installation of upper ventilators, installation
403 of SBC 501. Ambulatory care facilities
more than 900 mm below the ridge or
and Group I-2 occupancies shall be ventilated
highest point of the space shall be
by mechanical means in accordance with
permitted.
Section 407 of SBC 501.
SECTION 1204 TEMPERATURE
1203.2 Ventilation required. Enclosed attics
CONTROL
and enclosed rafter spaces formed where
ceilings are applied directly to the underside 1204.1 Equipment and systems. Interior
of roof framing members shall have cross spaces intended for human occupancy shall be
ventilation for each separate space by provided with active or passive space heating
ventilation openings protected against the systems capable of maintaining an indoor
entrance of rain and snow. Blocking and temperature of not less than 20°C at a point
bridging shall be arranged so as not to 900 mm above the floor on the design heating
interfere with the movement of air. An day.
airspace of not less than 25 mm shall be
provided between the insulation and the roof Exceptions: Space heating systems are not
sheathing. The net free ventilating area shall required for:
be not less than 1/150 of the area of the space
ventilated. Ventilators shall be installed in
REST ON THE GO
1. Interior spaces where the primary purpose
of the space is not associated with human
comfort.
2. Group F, H, S or U occupancies
SECTION 1205 LIGHTING
1205.1 General. Every space intended for
human occupancy shall be provided with
natural light by means of exterior glazed
openings in accordance with Section 1205.2
or shall be provided with artificial light in
accordance with Section 1205.3. Exterior
glazed openings shall open directly onto a
public way or onto a yard or court in
accordance with Section 1206.
1205.2 Natural light. The minimum net
glazed area shall be not less than 8 percent of
the floor area of the room served.
1205.3 Artificial light. Artificial light shall
be provided that is adequate to provide an
average illumination of 107 lux over the area
of the room at a height of 760 mm above the
floor level.
1205.4 Stairway illumination. Stairways
within dwelling units and exterior stairways
serving a dwelling unit shall have an
illumination level on tread runs of not less
than 11 lux. Stairways in other occupancies
shall be governed by Chapter 10.
SECTION 1210 TOILET AND
BATHROOM REQUIREMENTS
1210.1 Required fixtures. The number and
type of plumbing fixtures provided in any
occupancy shall comply with Chapter 29.
1210.2 Finish materials. Walls, floors and
partitions in toilet and bathrooms shall
comply with Sections 1210.2.1 through
80
1210.2.4. 1210.2.1 Floors and wall bases. In
other than dwelling units, toilet, bathing and
shower room floor finish materials shall have
a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent surface. The
intersections of such floors with walls shall
have a smooth, hard, nonabsorbent vertical
base that extends upward onto the walls not
less than 100 mm.
1210.2.2 Walls and partitions. Walls and
partitions within 600 mm of service sinks,
urinals and water closets shall have a smooth,
hard, nonabsorbent surface, to a height of not
less than 1200 mm above the floor, and
except for structural elements, the materials
used in such walls shall be of a type that is not
adversely affected by moisture.
Exception: This section does not apply to the
following buildings and spaces:
1. Dwelling units and sleeping units.
2. Toilet rooms that are not accessible to the
public and that have not more than one water
closet. Accessories such as grab bars, towel
bars, paper dispensers and soap dishes,
provided on or within walls, shall be installed
and sealed to protect structural elements from
moisture.
1210.2.4 Waterproof joints. Built-in tubs with
showers shall have waterproof joints between
the tub and adjacent wall.
1210.3 Privacy. Privacy at water closets and
urinals shall be provided in accordance with
Sections 1210.3.1 and 1210.3.2.
1210.3.1 Water closet compartment. Each
water closet utilized by the public or
employees shall occupy a separate
compartment with walls or partitions and a
door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
REST ON THE GO 81

In conclusion, this chapter highlighted the essential details needed to guide the design process in

the future. Accordingly, the visual representation and diagrams demonstrated various aspects of

the upcoming design, all linked together to create a series that includes the project's requirements

following the targeted population's needs analysis based on the preceding chapters. In addition, it

discussed the initial layout and the approximate calculations of the spaces in the overall project.

Lastly, according to the literature review's study, it included the Saudi Building Codes geared

towards achieving safety, accessibility and practical levels of energy efficiency.

REST ON THE GO 82

Conclusion

Contribution
This thesis aims to determine the importance of creating a high-quality rest area that serves

travelers, drivers, and passengers along land routes. It also clarified the community's need for

such advanced highway facilities and services, which will boost their travel experience.

Moreover, the conducted data from the previous chapter proved a lack in the Saudi market for

developing such a project. Therefore, this is a valuable reason for the project to be a successful

and unique addition to the interior design field. It will also support the Saudi Vision 2030 by

developing domestic tourism and creating a memorable experience through the regional roads.

Observation
This thesis provided multiple learning opportunities and challenges that positively

influenced the final results and research objectives during the data process. As a result, these

obstacles were the starting point for developing ideas and concepts from a new perspective.

Thus, the thesis concept directions also evolved significantly during the finalization of each

chapter. Additionally, establishing a solid research foundation is highly considered to conduct a

holistic examination and study of the topic, making it more valuable to the community.

Therefore, a vital aspect of the project's success was studying the community's needs and

perspectives to verify the implication of the thesis aim. It also shows the close connection

between the project and Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision and its future impact on Saudi domestic

tourism. Ultimately, one of the future project's goals is to design a rest area that includes all the

services and facilities needed by the targeted audience, which creates an integrated and valuable

project that can be implemented on all the major regional roads around the kingdom.
 REST ON THE GO 83

Work Cited

Curtis, J. W. (2017). Rest Area Wilderness Experience.

https://doi.org/https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/78900

Falatah, M. (2020). Rest Stops: The Hidden Opportunities for Domestic Tourism and the Local Economy
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
https://doi.org/https://www.kfcris.com/pdf/b8538d0d3094c6d30bab3fdc3229fd035ffd93b82e836.p
df

Kolodinskaja, J., & Bertulienė, L. (2020). Layout of rest areas and their infrastructure development in the
south-eastern region of Lithuania. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 15(3), 130–
145. https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.488

Malek, D., & Alawad, A. (2020, June 4). General and Special Materials Selection Criteria for interior
design projects. International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research. Retrieved
November 22, 2021, from
https://www.academia.edu/43171109/General_and_Special_Materials_Selection_Criteria_for_Inter
ior_Design_Projects.

Qin, X., Wei, Q., Wang, L., & Shen, Y. (2015). Solar Lighting Technologies for highway green rest areas
in China: Energy Saving Economic and Environmental Evaluation. International Journal of
Photoenergy, 2015, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/926235

Selim, D. (2021). Color and Visual Communication to Create Brand Space Identity in Interior Design. .
Color Visual Communication to Create Brand Space Identity in Interior Design. Retrieved
November 25, 2021, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328275341_Color_Visual_Communication_to_Create_Br
and_Space_Identity_in_Interior_Design

Youssef, Maged (2020) "ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN EMPHASIZING THE ENTRANCE

APPROACHES," Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ): Vol. 26 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.bau.edu.lb/apj/vol26/iss2/3

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