24

Chapter 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary of this study. The highlights of the

findings, conclusions and recommendations are presented herein.

These findings served as the bases in the formulation of conclusions and

recommendations of the study.

Summary

The main objective of the study was to determine the effects of high

inflation rate attitude towards expenditure. Specifically, it sought to answer the

profile of the teacher-respondents in terms of age, civil status and sex. The study

is further designed to determine the significant relationship between the high

inflation rate and the attitude towards expenditure, the significant relationship

between the Profile of the respondent and the High Inflation and Attitude

Towards expenditure and profile of the respondents.

Further, it is also directed to test the null hypotheses that there is no

significant relationship between the high inflation rate and the attitude towards

expenditure, the significant relationship between the Profile of the respondent

and the High Inflation and Attitude Towards expenditure and profile of the

respondents.

The locale of the study is Candabong National High School, which is in

Candabong, Anda, Bohol. CNHS is one of the public schools in the town of Anda,

which was established in 1994 and consists of two departments: junior high and
 25

senior high. There are 42 teaching staff and 6 non-teaching staff at Candabong

National High School. The respondents are the teachers of Candabong National

High School. The teachers will use the total enumeration technique.

Percentage was used to determine the demographic profile of the

respondents. Weighted Mean (WM) was used to determine the perception of the

respondents on effect of High Inflation rate and the perception of the attitude

towards expenditure. For the significant relationship between the profile of the

teacher-respondents and their perception on High inflation rate and attitude

towards expenditure the chi-square is used. In determining the high inflation rate

and attitude towards expenditure to the teachers the t-test for correlation is used.

Findings

After an intensive and careful analysis of the results of the study, the

researcher came up with the following findings:

1. Teacher- Respondents’ Profile.

1.1 Age. Many teacher-respondents are in the age bracket 31-35.

1.2 Civil Status. Married make up most of the teacher-respondents.

1.3 Sex. Majority of the teacher-respondents are female.

2. Perception on High Inflation Rate Towards Expenditure

The description of the average weighted mean of 4.45 as “strongly

affected” by the high inflation rate likely indicates that teacher, in general are

experiencing notable consequences or challenges due to the impact of high

inflation rate. This could be encompassing factors such as increased living costs,
 26

changes in purchasing power, or financial strain, all of which contribute to the

overall assessment of the teachers being strongly influenced by the prevailing

high inflation rate.

3. Attitude Towards Expenditure

The characterization of the average weighted mean 3.1 as “balanced”

suggests that, on average, teachers exhibit a moderate and prudent approach to

various types of expenditures. This implies that teacher, as a group, are likely to

engage in financial behaviors that reflect a reasonable and cautions mindset.

They may prioritize their spending judiciously, considering different aspects and

making balanced decisions to maintain a stable and prudent financial outlook.

4. High Inflation Rate and the Respondents’ Profile and Attitude Towards

Expenditure and their Respondent’s Profile

The relationship between teachers' perception on high inflation rate and

various aspects of their profiles, including age, civil status and sex. The t-statistic

of age, civil status and sex is not significant it means that there is no significant

relationship between their respondent’s profile and high inflation rate.

5. High Inflation Rate and Attitude Towards Expenditure

The perception of high inflation rate and attitude towards expenditure, with

a sample size of 48. The t-value is 1.81 with a degree of freedom of 47. The p-

value of 0.07 is greater than the significance level of 0.05, indicating that there is

no significant relationship between perceptions on high inflation rate and attitude

towards expenditure. This implies that, the level of inflation does not appear
 27

strongly influence teacher’s spending behavior or attitude towards financial

consumption.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study revealed that a significant portion of respondents,

27.08%, fell within a specific age range, with the majority being married (79.16%)

and predominantly female. The overall perception of high inflation rates among

teachers was strongly affected (average weighted mean of 4.45), indicating a

substantial impact on various aspects of their lives. However, the attitude

towards expenditure was balanced (average weighted mean of 3.1), suggesting

a reasonable and cautious approach to financial behaviors. Importantly, the

analysis found no significant relationship between perceptions of high inflation

rates and attitudes towards expenditure, implying that inflation levels do not

strongly influence teachers' spending behavior or financial attitudes.

Recommendation

1. Teachers should be encouraged to adopt prudent financial practices.

Specifically, emphasis should be placed on cultivating a savings mindset

among teachers to help them navigate the challenges posed by high

inflation rates.

2. Teachers should focus on strategies to maintain a balance in expenses,

particularly in shopping, and prioritize essential needs, with the goal of

developing practical guidelines for informed and strategic spending

behaviors.

3. Future researchers may conduct a similar and parallel investigation

 28

related to this study. They may pave the way for future research on the

factors that affect the effectiveness of instructional media in teaching.

PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT MEASURE

Rationale

In a situation where prices are rising rapidly due to high inflation, people,

including teachers, change how they spend money. The quick decrease in

purchasing power makes individuals cautious, adjusting their spending habits to

deal with the challenges of higher prices and increased financial uncertainty.

Looking at how high inflation affects teachers, there's a noticeable

connection between the two. Teachers are significantly impacted by the

widespread influence of high inflation, affecting different aspects of their finances.

This impact prompts a closer look at how educators manage their money amid

these economic challenges.

When we investigate how teachers handle their spending in the face of

high inflation, interesting findings emerge. Despite economic pressures caused

by inflation, teachers try to balance their spending. They show resilience by

adjusting their expenses wisely to match their financial constraints while still

meeting essential needs and commitments.

In conclusion, the overall results suggest that, among teachers, there isn't

a significant link between high inflation and how they spend money. Even though

teachers feel the effects of inflation, their smart money decisions help them

balance things out and reduce the expected negative impacts. This
 29

understanding challenges common assumptions and highlights the importance of

considering individual adaptability when studying the relationship between

economic factors and spending habits.

Program Description

This program is a practical guide for teacher, helping them enhance their

abilities to teach about financial matters, especially in times of high inflation

rate. The step by step approach equips teachers to grasp the effect of high

inflation rate in their attitude towards expenditure, enabling them to create a

positive learning where they develop strong financial skills to navigate economic

challenges confidently.

1. Planning Stage. During this phase, the researcher, will convene to outline

initial steps for the conduct interactive budgeting workshop for hands-on

budgeting exercises for teachers’, personal finance consultation tailored

advice in confidential sessions addresses teacher’s financial concern,

panel discussion with financial expert diverse expert insights enrich

teachers’ understanding, providing nuanced perspectives on effective

financial strategies in inflationary environment. Regular meetings and

forums will be conducted to prioritize, enhance, and fine-tune findings and

proposals based on evaluation and review results, ensuring

comprehensive coverage.

2. Implementation Stage. At this juncture, those involved will have a

detailed blueprint for executing their plans. Necessary adjustments

 30

and corrections to the plans will be accepted, alongside addressing

unforeseen circumstances and situations.

3. Evaluation Stage. The final step involves assessing the effectiveness

and efficiency of the implemented plans, gauging the progress of the

enhancement initiative.

4. Monitoring Stage. Ongoing monitoring is vital for sustained success.

This phase evaluates the effectiveness of the programs, ensuring their

continuous improvement.

Program Objectives

1. conduct interactive budgeting workshop for hands-on budgeting

exercises for teachers’

2. Personal Finance consultation tailored advice in confidential sessions

addresses teacher’s financial concern

3. Panel discussion with financial expert diverse expert insights enrich

teachers’ understanding, providing nuanced perspectives on effective

financial strategies in inflationary environment

Mechanics of Implementation

Upon approval by the examining tribunal, the researcher will share

the enhancement initiative with School Principal of Candabong National

High School. Further discussions will be held to explain the purpose and

mechanics of the initiative, inviting collaborative suggestions and

 31

recommendations from the School Principal to ensure meaningful and

timely implementation.

Schedule of Implementation

The enhancement program follows a cyclical pattern throughout the

year, commencing at any suitable time aligned with activities in various

categories. The first cycle will start on September 2024 and it will end of

December 2024. After each implementation cycle, an assessment and

review will be conducted, utilizing monitoring findings to enhance areas

requiring improvement. Following each implementation, an assessment

and review will be carried out in order to use the monitoring findings as a

guide to improve any areas that need improvement.

Monitoring and Evaluation System

A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation tool will be developed

to measure the outcomes of the proposed enhancement program. Regular

assessments will be carried out to track progress and refine the program

as needed.
 32

PROPOSED ENHANCEMENT MEASURE MATRIX

Time Frame : School Year 2024-2025

Proposed Budget : P60 000.00
AREAS OF PERSONS TIME SOURCE
OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES BUDGET SUCCESS INDICATOR
CONCERN INVOLVED FRAME OF FUND

1. Conduct
simulated Teachers 1.Teachers will demonstrate
budgeting improved budgeting skills,
Ensuring exercises with School evidenced by higher
conduct
financial inflationary percentage of proficiency in
interactive Principal
resilience of scenario. creating and managing budgets
budgeting
the teachers 2. Facilitate September MOOE/SEF/ during simulated inflationary
workshop for Public
amid group 2024 - School scenario, leading to increase
hands-on P25,000.00
economic discussion on December Local Funds confidence and informed
budgeting School
through practical 2024 decision-making.
exercises for
simulated strategies for 2. The adoption of practical
teachers’ District
budgeting managing strategies discussed in a group
exercises. expenses on session will observed through
high inflation Supervisor participants’ altered spending
periods. habits and decision making.

1. The conducted of the one-

1. Set up
on-one session with financial
confidential
Ensuring experts will be evident in the
one-on-one
financial Teachers increased self-reported
Personal Finance session with
resilience of confidence levels and clearer
consultation financial
the teachers School understanding of financial
tailored advice in advisor.
amid September MOOE/SEF/ situation among teachers’
confidential 2. Provide
economic Principal 2024 - School 2. the effectiveness of the
sessions informational P10,000.00
through December Local Funds program in enhancing financial
addresses pamphlets
simulated Public 2024 literacy will be measured by the
teacher’s and resources
tailored School active engagement and
financial concern addressing
personal District utilization of informational
common
finance Supervisor pamphlets and resources to
financial
consultation address common financial
concern.
concern, as reported by the
teachers
1. The conducted outcome
1.Organize a
from the moderated discussion
Panel discussion moderate
with diverse financial expert will
Ensuring with financial discussion
Teachers reflected in participants
financial expert diverse with diverse
feedback, showcasing an
resilience of expert insights financial
School enriched understanding of
the teachers enrich teachers’ experts
September MOOE/SEF/ financial strategies and
amid understanding, 2. Distribute
Principal 2024 - School observable engagement during
economic providing informative P25,000.00
December Local Funds discussion
through nuanced handouts
Public 2024 2. The distribution of
simulated the perspectives on summarizing
School informative handouts
insights from effective financial key insights
District summarizing key insights and
financial strategies in and strategies
Supervisor strategies during the panel will
experts inflationary discussed
considered successful if
environment during the
teachers demonstrate
panel
knowledge retention.
33
 34

Appendix A
Letter to the School Principal
Candabong National High School
Candabong, Anda, Bohol

November 08, 2023

JOSEFINA L. CASTRODES
Principal 1
Candabong National High School
Candabong, Anda, Bohol

Madam:

Good day!

We, the Grade 12 GAS students of Candabong National High School,

are conducting a study about “High Inflation Rate and Teacher’s Attitude
Towards Expenditure” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject
Practical Research 2

In this regard, the researchers would like to ask your permission to allow
us conduct the study to the teachers’ of Candabong National High School.

Your approval is highly appreciated. Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

ARJAY P. DELAPEÑA
Research Leader

Noted by:

JAMACE O. CAGA-ANAN, MSM

Research Teacher

Approved by:

JOSEFINA L. CASTRODES, MAEM

Principal 1
 35

Appendix B
Research Instrument
Candabong National High School
Candabong, Anda, Bohol

Dear teachers,

The undersigned would like to commence a study on “High Inflation Rate and
Teacher’s Attitude Towards Expenditure” in partial fulfillment for the subject Practical
Research 2.

In support of this endeavor, I would like to ask for your permission to use your diligent
and honest responses to generate the accurate data required for the conclusive findings of the
study. In accordance with Republic Act.No.10173, your responses will be treated with utmost
confidentially.

Sincerely,

ARJAY P. DELAPEÑA
Research Leader

Part I. Demographic Profile of the Teachers

Direction. Please check (√) the corresponding box for the information about yourself.
1.1 Age
 21-25 years old
 26-30 years old
 31-35 years old
 36- 40 years old
 41-45 years old
 46-50 years old
 51-55 years old
 56 years old and above
1.2 Civil Status
 Single
 Married
 Separated
 Widower
1.3 Sex
 Male
 Female

Part II. Perception on the Effects of High Inflation Rate

Direction: Please put a checkmark (√) on the column that best describes your Perception on
the Effects of High Inflation Rate. The choices below indicate the following:

Rating Scale Descriptive Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Moderately Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
 36

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
1) High Inflation has negatively impacted my personal finances
2) High inflation has affected the cost of living in my region.
3) I have had to cut back on my spending due to rising prices.
4) High inflation rates have made it difficult for me to save money.
5) I believe that the government should take more measures to control inflation.
6) I am concerned about the long-term impact of high inflation on the economy.
7) High inflation has affected my ability to plan for the future (e.g., retirement,
investments).
8) I have observed price increases for essential goods and services due to high
inflation.
9) I believe that high inflation rates are a result of economic mismanagement.
10) I feel that my income has not kept pace with the rising cost of goods and
services.
11) I have had to seek additional sources of income to cope with the effects of high
inflation.
12) High inflation rates have made it challenging for my family to maintain our
standard of living.
13) High inflation rates have caused me to rethink my financial goals and priorities.

Part II. Attitude towards expenditure

Direction: Please put a checkmark (√) on the column that best describes your Perception on
the Effects of High Inflation Rate. The choices below indicate the following:

Rating Scale Descriptive Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Moderately Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

Indicators
5 4 3 2 1
1) I save money only when I want to buy something in the near
future
2) I spend money as soon as I get
3) I spend all my money in groceries
4) I like shopping
5) I sometimes enjoy shopping
6) I spend my money for my educational needs
7) I like to go and eat in the fast food restaurant
8) I spend my money for House services
9) I spend money for insurance
10) I spend money for medical needs
 37

Appendix C-1

STATISTICAL COMPUTATION
Statement SA A MA SA NA WM DI
f x5 f x4 f x3 f x2 f x1
1. High Inflation has negatively 33 165 10 40 2 6 1 2 2 2 4.47
impacted my personal finances
SA
2. High inflation has affected the 31 155 17 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.64
cost of living in my region.
SA
3. I have had to cut back on my 23 115 22 88 3 9 0 0 0 0 4.41
spending due to rising prices.
SA
4. High inflation rates have made 25 125 15 60 6 18 2 0 4.31
it difficult for me to save money.
SA
5. I believe that the government 35 175 13 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.72
should take more measures to SA
control inflation.
6. I am concerned about the long- 31 155 16 64 1 3 0 0 0 0 4.62
term impact of high inflation on SA
the economy.
7. High inflation has affected my 22 110 17 68 8 24 1 2 0 0 4.25
ability to plan for the future (e.g., SA
retirement, investments).
8. I have observed price 36 180 12 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.75
increases for essential goods and SA
services due to high inflation.
9. I believe that high inflation rates 22 110 18 72 8 24 0 0 0 0 4.29
are a result of economic SA
mismanagement.
10. I feel that my income has not 22 110 20 80 6 18 0 0 0 0 4.33
kept pace with the rising cost of SA
goods and services.
11. I have had to seek additional 23 115 18 72 6 18 1 2 0 0 4.31
sources of income to cope with SA
the effects of high inflation.
12. High inflation rates have made 16 80 26 104 5 15 1 2 0 0
it challenging for my family to 4.18 A
maintain our standard of living.
13. High inflation rates have 27 135 20 80 1 3 0 0 0 0
caused me to rethink my financial 4.54 SA
goals and priorities.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 4.5 SA

Tabulation of the Perception of High Inflation Rate

 38

Appendix C-2

STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS
Tabulation of the Teacher’s Attitude Towards Expenditure
Statement L O-M B C P WM DI
f x5 f x4 f x3 f x2 f x1
1. I save money only when 7 35 9 36 12 36 13 26 7 7
I want to buy something in 2.91 B
the near future
2.I spend money as soon 6 30 4 16 9 27 25 50 4 4 2.64 B
as I get
3.I spend all my money in 4 20 1 4 10 30 25 50 8 8 2.33 C
groceries
4.I like shopping 4 20 5 20 17 51 16 32 6 6 2.68 B
5.I sometimes enjoy 4 20 12 48 25 75 6 12 1 1 3.25 O-M
shopping
6.I spend my money for 10 50 18 72 18 54 1 2 1 1 3.72 O-M
my educational needs
7.I like to go and eat in the 5 25 6 24 21 63 14 28 2 2 2.95 B
fast-food restaurant
8.I spend my money for 11 55 13 52 18 54 6 12 0 0 3.60 O-M
House services
9.I spend money for 9 45 6 24 22 66 11 22 0 0 3.27 B
insurance
10.I spend money for 11 55 14 56 18 54 5 10 0 0 3.64 O-M
medical needs
AVERAGE WEIGHTED 3.1 B
MEAN
 39

Appendix C-3

STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS
Tabulation of the High Inflation Rate and Respondent's Profile

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41 – 4.20 Total

21-25 2 2 4

26-30 7 2 9

31-35 9 5 14

36-40 9 2 11

41-45 3 1 4

46-50 4 0 4

51-55 3 0 3

56-Above 1 0 1

Total 38 12 50

5.28 chi-square

7 df

.6254 p-value

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41–4.20 Total

Single 6 3 9

Married 29 9 38

Total 35 12 47

.36 chi-square
 40

1 df

.5506 p-value

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41–4.20 Total

Male 10 1 11

Female 26 11 37

Total 36 12 48

1.93 chi-square

1 df

.1652 p-value

Tabulation of the Attitude Towards Expenditure and Respondent’s Profile

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41–4.20 2.61–3.40 1.81–2.60 Total

21-25 0 1 2 1 4

26-30 0 1 4 4 9

31-35 2 2 7 2 13

36-40 0 3 8 0 11

41-45 0 1 2 1 4

46-50 0 1 2 0 3

51-55 0 0 2 2 4

56- 0 0 1 0 1
Above
 41

Total 2 9 28 10 49

16.60 chi-square

21 df

.7350 p-value

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41–4.20 2.61–3.40 1.81–2.60 Total

Married 2 6 23 7 38

Single 1 2 5 2 10

Total 3 8 28 9 48

.53 chi-square

3 df

.9124 p-value

Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence

4.21-5.0 3.41–4.20 2.61–3.40 Total

Female 1 6 30 37

Male 2 1 7 10

Total 3 7 37 47

4.02 chi-square

2 df

.1342 p-value
 42

Tabulation of the High Inflation Rate and the Attitude towards Expenditure

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.258133
R Square 0.066633
Adjusted R 0.046342
Square
Standard 0.403379
Error
Observations 48

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significanc
eF
Regression 1 0.534341 0.534341 3.28391 0.076492
Residual 46 7.484889 0.162715
Total 47 8.019231

Coefficient Standar t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper Lower Upper

s d Error 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 3.950752 0.282623 13.97887 3.57E-18 3.381861 4.51964 3.381861 4.519642
2
X Variable 1 0.161451 0.089093 1.812156 0.07649 -0.01788 0.34078 -0.01788 0.340787
2 7