Shahan schools

Science
Grade Five

Unit 3 –Chapter one Lesson 1 P : 116 – 121

Earth’s structure

Crust: The thin outer layer of Earth.

Mantle: The layer of rock located between crust and core.

Core: The center of the Earth.

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Q/What are Earth’s three main layers?

A/ Crust, Mantle , Core.

Q/Which of Earth’s layer is the hottest?

A/Inner core is the hottest layer.

-How plates move:

1-Plates move away from each other. (Forms new ocean floor)

2-Plates move toward each other. (Form volcanoes or mountain)

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3-Plates move past each other. (Form Earthquake)

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 Unit 3-chapter one Lesson 2 page: 124-129

Earthquake and volcano

Earthquake:
Earthquake: is a vibration or shaking of Earth’s crust caused by the movement of plates.

Fault: A break or place where pieces of Earth’s crust move.

Focus: The point underground where the movement of plates first takes place.

Epicenter: The point of Earth’s surface of Earth that is right above the focus of an
earthquake.

Seismograph: Is an instrument that records earthquake waves.

Parts of seismograph

Pen Paper

Q-What are two scales that scientists use to measure earthquakes?

A/1- Richter scale 2- Mercalli scale

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Volcano:
Volcano: A mountain formed by lava and ash.

Magma: Molten rock from Earth’s mantle.

Lava: Melted rock that reaches Earth’s surface.

Vent: A rocky opening through which lava comes out to the surface of the crust.

Magma Chamber is an underground pool that holds hot magma.

Vent
Lava

Magma

Magma Chamber

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Unit 3-chapter two Lesson 1 page: 136-139

Minerals

Mineral: A natural, solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern.

1. Some minerals form in earth's mantle.

There high heat and pressure change carbon into hard, sparkling crystals called
Diamond.
2. Some minerals form at or near Earth's surface. (Calcite)
3. Some minerals form as water evaporates in limestone caves. (Galena)

Streak: The color of the powder left behind when you rub a material.

Luster: The way the surface of a mineral reflects light.

Hardness: A mineral’s ability to resist being scratched.

-Mohs’ hardness scale:

Gypsum ---------→ Decorating

Graphite --------→ Pencils

Halite ----------→ Flavor and preserve foods.

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Unit 3-chapter two Lesson 2 page: 142-147

Rock: A material made up of one or more minerals.

Types of rock:

1-Igneous rock: A type of rock that forms when melted rock hardens.
Ex:

Basalt Gabbro

i. Rocks formed from lava have small mineral pieces are called fine-grained.
ii. Igneous rocks formed from slowly cooling magma are called coarse-grained.

Examples of Igneous Rocks {Basalt, Gabbro, Pumice and Obsidian }.

2-Sedimentary rock: A type of rock formed by layers of sediments that were squeezed and
stuck together over a long time.

Weathering occurs at Earth's surface as a result of temperature variation, freezing of water,

rock cracks and plant roots.

Ex:

Limestone Sandstone

Shale
Conglomerate

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Examples of Sedimentary rock: {Conglomerate, Limestone, Sandstone and Shale}.

3-Metamorphic rock: A type of rock changed by heat or pressure but not completely
melted.

Metamorphic rocks can form from any kind of rock-sedimentary, igneous or even other
metamorphic rocks.

Ex:

Gneiss Schist

Examples of Metamorphic rocks: {Schist, Gneiss, Marble and Quartzite}.

The rocks form by:

1) Igneous rocks: Volcano (Melting & Hardening)

2) Sedimentary rocks: Weathering & Erosion
3) Metamorphic rocks: Heat & Pressure

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Unit 3 chapter two Lesson 3 page: 150-153

Rock cycle: The slow, never-ending process of rock changes.

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Rock Cycle:
Weathering & Erosion

Sedimentary
rocks

Igneous
Rocks

Metamorphic
Rocks
Melting & Hardening

Heat & Pressure

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