10+CO LEED AP1 CH6-EA-03+Minimum+Energy+Performance+Part+2

8/14/2021
GREEN BUILDING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACADEMY
Provided by/ Karim Elnabawy

USGBC Faculty, B.Sc. Archi., LEED AP (BD+C, O+M, ID+C), M.Sc. UK, PMP, WELL AP, Estidama PQP-PbRS, EDGE EXPERT
LEED AP BD+C Course | GBERA
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
EA Prerequisite | Minimum Energy Performance

Part 02/02
LEED AP BD+C

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Common issues with energy modeling, by ASHRAE 90.1 section
• Scope
• Building Envelope
• HVAC
• Ventilation
• Service Water Heating
• Lighting
• Energy Rates
Overview
Points
Intent and Requirements
Behind the Intent
Step by Step Guidance
Further Explanation
Referenced Standards Provided by/ Karim Elnabawy
Exemplary Performance USGBC Faculty, B.Sc. Archi., LEED AP (BD+C, O+M, ID+C), M.Sc. UK, PMP, WELL AP, Estidama PQP-PbRS, EDGE EXPERT EA Prerequisite | Minimum Energy Performance
Required Documentation
Questions LEED AP BD+C Course | GBERA
RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

1.0 CORE AND SHELL
Energy cost savings are based on a building’s total annual energy consumption, rather than on the owner’s
scope of work, so the owner of a core and shell project may have only a limited opportunity to improve energy
savings. The thresholds for the prerequisite are therefore adjusted from 5% to 2%.
Because the owner cannot control the effect of future improvements on the total energy consumption of the core
and shell project, for LEED energy modeling, items such as lighting or equipment loads for areas that are under the
tenants’ control must be identical in the proposed building and in the baseline, as specified by Appendix G.
However, projects can claim credit for energy reductions in tenant spaces if those reductions (such as lighting
power density reductions or improved HVAC efficiency) are required through a tenant lease agreement or other
legally binding document.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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2.0 RETAIL
Option 1. For projects using whole-building energy simulation, include all relevant process loads in the
energy model and ensure that they are modeled accurately. Typical retail process loads include refrigeration
equipment, cooking and food preparation, ice machines, display lighting for merchandise, clothes washing, and
other major support appliances. Compare the energy consumption of each piece of equipment with the value
indicated in Appendix 3, Tables 1–4. If the item is not included and the project team wishes to take credit, the
exceptional calculation method must be followed.
For hard-wired refrigeration, the modeling software may be used if the system can be modeled explicitly.
Otherwise, a thermodynamically similar component model must be used, in accordance with Table G3.1.13. An
example of this would be an analysis prepared using 8760 hourly weather data.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation

2.0 RETAIL
For commercial kitchen equipment and refrigeration defined in Appendix 3, Tables 1–4, no additional
documentation is necessary to substantiate these predefined baseline systems as industry standard. Supporting
documentation is still needed to verify that the proposed equipment includes the claimed energy-efficient features.
Option 2. If the project team is using prescriptive compliance, ASHRAE 50% AEDG, and intends to earn
points under EA Credit Optimize Energy Performance, also comply with the prescriptive measures in Appendix 3,
Tables 1–4, for 90% of total energy consumption for all process equipment.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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3.0 DATA CENTERS
The guidance in this section is geared toward dedicated data centers and is not applicable to server closets or
other small computer rooms. Mixed-use data centers, in which the data center takes up only a portion of the
building space, may use this information as the basis of an exceptional calculation method. The power
requirements and energy use of the IT equipment in a data center typically dwarf the energy use of the cooling
system and must be considered for optimizing energy use.
The energy consumption of a data center’s cooling system typically ranges from 15% to 25% of its total energy
use, whereas in other commercial buildings, the HVAC energy consumption approaches 50% of the total energy
consumption.
Data centers use special systems and equipment, such as large uninterruptible power supply (UPS), whose
energy efficiency requirements are not defined by ASHRAE 90.1. Some of these systems will cause inefficiencies
that can cascade through the power delivery chain, leading to increased energy usage in systems beyond those
that support IT and, in most cases, creating additional cooling loads.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation

3.0 DATA CENTERS
Modeling Requirements
Energy modeling is required for all data center projects. As with other building types, projects must meet the
minimum percentage savings before taking credit for renewable energy systems. The energy models are used to
determine the data center’s predicted power usage effectiveness (PUE).
The PUE must be reported for two operating conditions: one assuming a fully fit-out data center with all
anticipated IT equipment, and one assuming the initial IT equipment loads in the project. This requires the project
team to submit the results of one additional energy model beyond the two required by ASHRAE 90.1, Appendix G,
for all data center projects.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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3.0 DATA CENTERS
IT equipment energy and electrical infrastructure energy savings
To determine total energy cost savings, it may be necessary to create more than just the three energy models
required. Below is a list of the models that may need to be created. The specific requirements of each model are
detailed below.
1. Proposed model with full IT loading (normal performance rating method, PRM, model)
2. Proposed model with initial IT loading
3. ASHRAE model with full IT loading (normal PRM model)
4. ASHRAE model with initial IT loading (optional)
5. ASHRAE model with “baseline” IT loading (optional)
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation

3.0 DATA CENTERS
The reduced energy consumption of the IT and electrical equipment can help reduce HVAC energy usage. Project
teams have the option of claiming the process load savings in isolation or creating an additional energy model
based on the adjusted loads to capture the associated HVAC energy savings.
Although 5% energy savings is still required to meet the prerequisite requirements, a minimum of 2% energy cost
savings must come from building systems, independent of IT equipment, and need to be demonstrated between
models 1 and 3 (model 2 is used for the initial loading PUE condition).
If the project team is claiming energy savings related to the IT systems, the total energy savings are calculated
between models 1 and 5. Alternatively, the project team may calculate the percentage savings based on the
average of the savings under full IT loading (model 1 and either model 3 or 5) and the savings under initial IT
loading (models 2 and 4)
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
10
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1. Proposed model with full IT loading (Model 1)
In addition to the ASHRAE 90.1 mandatory compliance requirements, provide energy efficiency data for the
following items:
• Generator block heaters (wattage required to keep the block at the design temperature), Power
distribution wiring, and Battery charging.
Submit documentation for the following items, showing efficiency data at initial and full system loading points
(loading values are a percentage of total IT load):
• Service transformers, Switchgear , Uninterruptible power systems, and Power distribution units.
2. Proposed model with Initial IT loading (Model 2)
3. ASHRAE model with full IT loading (Model 3)
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
11

4. ASHRAE model with initial IT loading (Model 4)
This model is necessary only if the project team is claiming savings for the efficiency of the electrical support
infrastructure when operating at low partial loads, as is common during initial startup. This model should be
very similar to the ASHRAE model with “baseline” IT loading (model 5), except that the IT loads are reduced
by the same percentage as in the proposed model with initial IT loading, and the losses due to the electrical
infrastructure are calculated based on this IT loading.
5. ASHRAE model with “baseline” IT loading (Model 5)

This model is used to calculate IT energy savings due to low-energy servers, virtualization, and efficient electrical
system design. For data center projects, the exceptional calculation is applied to the baseline (model 3). Rather
than reducing the energy used in the proposed design, the baseline is increased to reflect the energy usage typical
of a data center.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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Data Center Calculator
The data center calculator provided by USGBC creates a representative IT energy baseline based on the
proposed design. The calculator consists of two main modules: one for the efficiency of the server
equipment that comprises the IT system and one for the efficiency of the electrical system that delivers
power to the IT system.
Power Usage Effectiveness
For example, if a facility uses 2,000,000 kWh of total energy, of

which 1,600,000 kWh is attributable to IT equipment, its PUE is
as follows: 2,000,000 kWh / 1,600,000 kWh = 1.25
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
13
PROJECT TYPE VARIATIONS

Healthcare, Warehouses, and Laboratories
These projects are not eligible to pursue Option 3.
District Energy Systems
• Option 1, Whole-Building Energy Simulation. The project team may choose Path 1 ASHRAE 90.1-10
Appendix G, Path 2 Full DES performance accounting, or Path 3 Streamlined DES modeling. The modeling path
chosen by the project team may depend on the relative efficiency of the DES to which the project is connected,
how much DES information is available, or whether an energy model already exists for the system.
• Option 2 Prescriptive Compliance: ASHRAE 50% AEDG, and Option 3 Prescriptive Compliance:
Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide. The project team must include or exclude effects of upstream
DES equipment as specified in the applicable referenced standard for the selected option. If the referenced
standard does not specify either approach, the upstream effects must be excluded.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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District Energy Systems
All downstream equipment must be included in the scope of EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance and EA
Credit Optimize Energy Performance. Downstream equipment includes heat exchangers, steam pressure
reduction stations, pumps, valves, pipes, building electrical services, and controls. Upstream equipment is included
or excluded depending on the chosen option and path.
• Option 1, Path 1. ASHRAE 90.1–2010, Appendix G
• Option 1, Path 2. Full DES Performance Accounting
• Option 1, Path 3. Streamlined DES Modeling
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
15

Option 1, Path 1. ASHRAE 90.1–2010, Appendix G
Model the proposed and baseline designs using purchased energy according to ASHRAE 90.1–2010, Appendix G.
Option 1, Path 2. Full DES Performance Accounting

Path 2 is available to projects connected to DES that wish to account for average efficiency across a smaller
time step. The energy model scope accounts for both downstream equipment and upstream equipment and
requires calculation of the district energy average efficiencies using either modeling or monitoring.
Equipment efficiencies, distribution losses, and distribution pumping energy may be determined using any
of the following methods:
• Monitored data
• Engineering analysis
• Default values
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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Option 1, Path 3. Streamlined DES Modeling
Path 3 is applicable for simple district energy systems. The energy model scope accounts for both downstream
equipment and upstream equipment and also requires calculation of the district energy average efficiencies using
either modeling or monitoring minimum energy performance
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
17
International Tips
Option 1. Whole-Building Energy Simulation. If ASHRAE 90.1 is not applicable, Option 1 requirements can be met
with a USGBC-approved equivalent standard.
All options. Consult ASHRAE/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendices B and D, to find the project’s climate
zone. Use Table B-2 (Canada) or Table B-3 (International) if the location is listed. For locations not listed in Table
B-3, use Table B-4, along with the climate type definitions in Section B2, plus Appendix D to determine climate
zone.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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FURTHER EXPLANATION
Group Approach
Submit separate documentation for
each building.
Campus Approach
Ineligible. Each LEED project may
pursue the credit individually.
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
Exemplary Performance USGBC Faculty, B.Sc. Archi., LEED AP (BD+C, O+M, ID+C), M.Sc. UK, PMP, WELL AP, Estidama PQP-PbRS, EDGE EXPERT
19
REFERENCED STANDARDS
ASHRAE 90.1–2010 and ASHRAE 90.1–2010 User’s Manual: ashrae.org
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides: ashrae.org
Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide: advancedbuildings.net/core-performance
COMNET Commercial Buildings Energy Modeling Guidelines: comnet.org/mgp-manual
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION
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Documentation Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Appendix G energy modeling inputs X
Input-output reports from modeling software X
Exceptional calculations (if applicable) X
Energy consumption and demand for each building end use and fuel type X
Fuels rates X
AEDG compliance tables X
Target Finder results, summary X
Confirmation that all aspects of CPG Sections 1 and 2 were met X
Building configuration analysis X
Building loads and mechanical system design capacity X
Insulation installation details X
Building envelope details X
Domestic hot water efficiency X
Narrative or calculations for CPG enhanced performance strategies X
Data center calculator (if applicable) X

Overview
Points Retail process energy calculator (if applicable) X
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
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THINK ABOUT IT
• Which of the 3 options allow project team to receive points under Optimize energy performance?
• How integrative process credit benefits from energy performance prerequisite and credit?
• What is the difference between downstream and upstream equipment?
• power utilization effectiveness (PUE) is relevant to which project types? And how to calculate it?
• Process loads Vs Regulated loads
Share any thoughts by any of the following

Email: Karimelnabawy@gmail.com
Website Discussion Board
Private Messages
Facebook Group discussion board
Whatsapp: 002 01226041726
Overview
Points
Behind the Intent
Further Explanation
Exemplary Performance USGBC Faculty, B.Sc. Archi., LEED AP (BD+C, O+M, ID+C), M.Sc. UK, PMP, WELL AP, Estidama PQP-PbRS, EDGE EXPERT
23
GREEN BUILDING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACADEMY

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8/14/2021

GREEN BUILDING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACADEMY

Provided by/ Karim Elnabawy

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

EA Prerequisite | Minimum Energy Performance

Provided by/ Karim Elnabawy

Common issues with energy modeling, by ASHRAE 90.1 section

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

2. Proposed model with Initial IT loading (Model 2)

3. ASHRAE model with full IT loading (Model 3)

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

5. ASHRAE model with “baseline” IT loading (Model 5)

RATING SYSTEMS VARIATIONS

Power Usage Effectiveness

For example, if a facility uses 2,000,000 kWh of total energy, of

PROJECT TYPE VARIATIONS

District Energy Systems

PROJECT TYPE VARIATIONS

• Option 1, Path 1. ASHRAE 90.1–2010, Appendix G

• Option 1, Path 2. Full DES Performance Accounting

• Option 1, Path 3. Streamlined DES Modeling

PROJECT TYPE VARIATIONS

Option 1, Path 2. Full DES Performance Accounting

PROJECT TYPE VARIATIONS

ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides: ashrae.org

Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide: advancedbuildings.net/core-performance

COMNET Commercial Buildings Energy Modeling Guidelines: comnet.org/mgp-manual

Documentation Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Appendix G energy modeling inputs X

Input-output reports from modeling software X

Exceptional calculations (if applicable) X

AEDG compliance tables X

Target Finder results, summary X

Confirmation that all aspects of CPG Sections 1 and 2 were met X

Building configuration analysis X

Building loads and mechanical system design capacity X

Insulation installation details X

Building envelope details X

Domestic hot water efficiency X

Narrative or calculations for CPG enhanced performance strategies X

Data center calculator (if applicable) X

Share any thoughts by any of the following

GREEN BUILDING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ACADEMY

Provided by/ Karim Elnabawy

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