LINEAR ALGEBRA RPRRARRRAR AAA | a | Definition “— Fath: yp PAE po Guat at with day By Arrabion ,"p"aolelition ,"" | muclhiflreabion. “ad F 2 fe PR ae Pe Re oe aatslying He ‘pllcsnge ondibions * () ath=bta Vaber (2) (Q4b)re=atlose), ¥Yabheer (3) Wane spect wovase slumenct 0 EF such Hot at Q=Q+a=a, ¥aeF A) Fin ach EF, FT uunlgie ee F Auch. fot a+l-«) = Ex)ee =0 (D (able = abe) ¥ab, aEer (6) Thee aetcts FO umiq 1 er | such thot art = hed sa, YabF | Oh uk of0 4 FF Aa Malye | Hamar a4 EF puch Hak gate Cart | @ ab=ba, Haber | @ a(b+e) = ab+iaa | Ton & ula sted 1a: fall te (te i walled a fieldErxanmples? (iy, -) ui ww file (Q.4.+) os a filet (fad | 2p) ui ota faa (4.9 a 0 foul Niw lk tab = 2a , aber Te chuck if (Ry +) oho feild net (Rk) #0 = (Bode) # a = 2(eabje tabe. aw (2b) = 2(0. (40) = take > (anh) xe = a*(bxe) uo ax (boxe) OMG zee a =a. => Dom=a » VAER sot sh es a any coment i £ atts dea a Foe aX40inR ae ate teach Gt gtab + = =e => b at af “Ga ob = —s 4a.ax (ore) = 2a(bre) = 2ab+ Joe = avb+ ame (ath) xe = Dlarb)e = Dar+ Ibe = Paverhee 5 (Rots ®) th we file. Remerth ! Wie sdemenif af a dil won, calles! geatoot ardl demelonits Vector Space.” at F he ww dill A nan. orp, act V omc val the on ney ofveations + (veelin addition) oe V van we dealew rucltiplication. Ye PR y tee G@ v)— an sing sha following emaition | W (Ut e)rw = afin ¥ usw EV @urwesveu uy EV OF a witigne element D vealleel. vine weeline in V, suck Hat veo = 0+ Yue eVv CD fie wah EV, Fo snique vsti - wey auch Bat ers) = 6 Gv)+ w= 0 (awee, wey (46 F ia She wmity) (6) (0b). Bo = As (bow) Y wher “ ¥eeV v=tke +) Wa. Yt aer + (7) a [e+ w)= it eR ¥s (2) (a+b) B= wer bw, Vaber + w €V Thum we Hot Vik a vedlon Huse (ose a hinsan spner ) ove the fialal FE: Famonthe: Uh shoppers uf V osee. ~aleal veka Eonar? Oye Ref (dayne Man) | dy a dgR . { (2) | oases mn ER [041 O3-~-1 On) + Cbs ba--> by) = (os, £555 x Ala, My “1 4) = (Att rag 5 “2 Dt) Remnsth,t [yy%2 0+ + am) = 3) = (00-10), Ten w+ d=LB= tthe ta On) = (Lay day ro) = (Qs Ap An) = (up) = BC, veers Ou) = ( Api, AB ays ---25° Mn) = (pays pass --+4 Ban) etre) (erB)e8 = of-19 + BB ve (0+ pw) = % (Barter On) + (osteo by)) = XE (ayeh» arb ay sms antl, )) = (xe nb, Haag toby ---1 Ant hy) = eB+ Kw LOIR™ dee walee shoe over IR Res NG Gsazsta) = Re OP+ oR = pa > aby, 24gth ) | 2 ee aildition The. gran ditie we groin def initP= (a12 42,4) me . ee 0 OP = (ea, + bby, 243) ® fan ®) | @--erae} a a verte shoes. oun L. © ttt » bam Sodlatin wnsuate/ vaseiaLde ome TR : RE] = Te act yh ate oly emai al, in th oui ile efi ea te iw TR = {lat WFO 9, | a; ER new,RE] uh a weelee shaee nee JE, yp.cert? — (ty Faget + dye) + Chythar +h, am) (Ag+ by) + (aj by) m+ + (art by) 00+ bY aboetlng by ge af yn 7 [Oot-be) + (yt by)oet. (ent by) 2M Ap 4 | te a O™ hm Pm | & «eR ce (06: 438 + == dense") = CAg Hayne tent Can” 9 Y= rere f Aidt am mxn miliuise MOET His steal “oibecan Aq) ae Bg] SY AFB= [ag tba Tam EY él Ae . ACR 2 PAP LEG EY cheek that ROO a. wale share tex IR(® Wy wy EW. Yoby , ode |Wanew, veer, we | Erearmbtes ¢ @ v= R*, veel sponse owe | Ad Ww = {lt to | 24 ay und W ut wo stubapecee of V dh 1 = (05 020%) 5 soy (ota by) EW ee eNO ae) pba = (by, dy by a) | ue by- bs EW, ot sia dp aha | ofa =) = [ac (gh) =p wohich ta Beue 4s | Alto Nw e ew ¢ @ ag@ Va RE det W= fl, ay de) | 2ay- Og g= If Tan WS yy but Woe net a subtpase mc F= Re C w, die V be a webs shoe owe so. fil F Detinibiont- hk Ainsase stombihahion. (be) of the wettines Bes Bs -+ Bm EV us YM + dy Bato t+ On. fe tome Stabesss Qsrrs A, EF Definition’ — O veel wey x « bua wombsration a Bs Bs en EV B= HH + a Bete t Oy Vn fe Abrne Bye de. EF || LINEAR PANT | Definition: tt V be a veelie spare one A fill oe Fo BES CV be ww tube Mf Vs Thon hte “hiaan aan” of S or Capon ob Six biel te — yy a, EF | shan (8) i= fray E shom (s) “he Mts E shan (2) GD Ba 2 €F, 0 sham(S) Bow E sham (2) : we by Be E shan(s) = w= By Bip Aga, Ts Aaa en jm eat a4 EF, YES me n= bt by Wha ng by we ber, we - 3 2= New, ~ $3,— Wy, = BBP Sop & — 4 6/— ue Fg = ne hime sombrnatton of & € apom (2) [Grebfticn (&) forsveal]_ 5 --- # Ay, Un E fen) ris as (2 4 +. tana) W = yy € tel) aes sation i] ch inl) eo. sain. of V é . (1 9) - foipeged | {Osele Te = ~ IRE] = {9+ y+ - + nerlaeR, eZ} (he wei spote wee TR oat *s ahon (fs ®, ~*}) = {ae Qt apr eos se EY ose ep Re 43 EIR vez, = IR[x] | bebidas ce fe an yuck ibel Fe ge SoVvkw ae f weDit s=fyn as Je REI Tam IRE] vit spammed by S Ottv-R 9 ar a= (3)- (8). 2° (2) Tar Vouk shamnenl by S =[e%.%} |\ sdees IRS = spon ($4, &, 63) [pm vem? u=($) ps. #fan (8) ] |@-V= fof aa veslie chau cue samy fild Fy stabtesl "zerashace! | Vad fama {0} SUM of TWO SUBSPACES Definition: MEV be a wélawshaee ever Feet Wy onl We CV be anbthooss of V. W, + pe 4 | EW, 5 te a] cy va sealleol ire Bum of subspaces Wy 2 Wy Cheek dhect” Wy thle vb wale a A subspace of V[eae = IRS pare er (hae fe (z ) eR} “wena f4() )+0(z ) | ayb erm = om (£01), ()3) LINEAR INDEPENDENE ES aE SEV fe subet- Thin. S vis swil We be bs (44) ge dow My Wit ty Be bo ty, Vy =O fot He Xs EF >, Yo the wy ES | othe =D ap=0 yoy =D, ‘ | Btfiowse Sk sail te fe fp (@4) [itt a,c stifendlnt if se seeate Rs dig glee by nat verraiia! wok q * 24 By ES auch Hat 0 9p + My Ve tet nn = 0PROPERTIES OF 63 R Pd SETS Ut V fe wa weelin space owe a fill F at CeoTeov yn substi of V YY Tite ten 9 oo who Siuasty dnslpendoot (sibict vol a bE seb ais J) EES ai dole Hime The ale blll (aupeact of Lob sis obo bed) Dut c= fu,w,..., en} Ae Hivasoelip inclefondert: HE e470 nV Hom SUPEF i bi > 2 é ston(s) 4) Giem £5T anal sptsrne Sat Tae Aicanvel show! Hint Suis foi. t- we Aifpose > 47 = 0 fox fone 452 F oo vueser Nes, See Toa be, Yaya += ay =0 1 Sod hb(2) Ginn SET canal Si bal TE thew Tuts ded 1 (Bree Sie keds 5 “J arabes Ate Oe 0 HEF rot all zener & Vyavy By ESL uth Hint 3 -=0 ke a IF eT ua Lb o J de (3) Ginn = G08, Ba ary Pah wa bee BE _ show: $U§nz ix Lip 2 E afonG) et ates Susey ws £3. Te show! vw E span (2) Auppose wn the seoribiasey w € shan(2) B= YT et Oy Da fee dome aortes @, EF a ADP et On Ya- B =O uUu—__,—__” we mm duiwal fe. mnie: ] ee ti be» Pheradoee thes vis a conbiadithl| 1 of sone OE Lin aes : susset & ae | r Bb show: 4 . ag=D v4 aii =O) Hem > , ay yn be=- On ~ Le was — bt Sa 8G 53) = >. i , Agia = Lee of S"a Be cela) sik te Ts oh a Aede SUT & (3)5 4 bd Cea Oreo), ; Rismosih.” Union 9f- too 2 sels might mat be Finsndy. intlpendlend. BASIS:— Dafinson \— we V he um veelaicabace soups Fob REV we said & be a bate of Vy Be im bh | 6) v= shon(p) fe Via spanned dy B | Ercarspla’~ © yv-R?, a= G9) .& = (09 B= fs Gh hw host ef BY Bs 0, ()} (a, at 2b) = (0,0) => a=b. k a+2b=0 > o & b=0 a= Te_ahote! IR? = shan(B) apn (B) IR [le abecady bow] ®t (ab) 2 Re | Fishes: (4b) = ry Ut) + Pa (2) & dem) FAs Auppow (wbj= 4 &D+ 2 (0,2) = (As m+2d) => =e k yt2ry=b =p rN=aA k (P38) = de “ (Y= a(0.)+ (254) (a2) => (1,6) € shan(B/) =r IR? & shan(e’) “. Blu aw Auk vp RE | | Rurmath? — Bases ot be umigue. Mase ton| Remastk?— 2, + 2%-m=0 3 Srey ‘eas as onanny- dobbions Ga4, Bat, eat | ° mt Bx e= 0 fa, a nm-zom | BQ - By =O0 olution | | ; | ye Shc. le se apsion afm bran | bine squotrons Ju om wimkmoums Hs este, Me amd om ($)3) who a= (150); 22=(04,0) 3 £2 = (80,4) SF Sis Bom, (23 i teds fet abit ot aw spanning at al RS Bind of the danomn’— 7 shan F815 Ye.» ey Sn) Bakes? Bo ib a bd at ue Vy Han fs] H suffer to shoo His following SPS is camy asibsch of Vo chish wontains matic Han om easton, dan Sib ede (18) > me) Aupforse Wy Wye rere Hm ES &Rna>m » We EV = thom ($9), teas gt) | =p Why we see re i . fomt tabard ye = ag ug, eg SF > uy = j=? LS jansce WF At gy Met > +B Orn We = Ay Vt he Vetere t+ Bang Pon Wr = Ayyg BW + Gam te te + Aan Som atalosis Wyss x, EF Hy Wy Py Wp bees + ane tan = Fie | The at we as Be; | | That ca we gt a non 20ie xslulion if the ayilio base mat oth ve 20 p45 = “yf oe BOLD = a Livasely dependent This somplota ae. proof Resuet REV be vo vatlae aboee wuee dome fuel. FF tito Ansa of Vs Aawe Whe tome. voit de Th BB'S V he base of V> thon IBI= |e Ta. commer sicaleslty vis stellen! the vobyineraton” Of fle tion saw V ond alums bey dim (v7) Eins ait B= fx was y B= Sug Wer ey Wm gf V = shen ($3.8) =2hom (Fan ond)Fe shaao! =m Min, BS {tps Un SV he vounrsl V= fan (fog. “Mn5) ny des Hi abeve thiswm, n= |B) din (fe) = 00@® V= Lar qrer- sane i a verlarspose ever IR k Bs Fs, ach, 8 xh 05 a hosts of V dim (v)= |p]= 6 | RESuLT:— at Vv be a. veslarupace seven A fil F umd IW EV pe wa subspoce Y. Thon we pave din (Wl) < im (V) nol fesithve lim (hi) = eis E> te Y p=V af dim (W) ia fe Ort vafot be She 20 apa /F Thin. dim (Vv) =0 in ww basis for V (empty act) ~ dim(v) =]6] =0 a oeOgseRVATIONS.— @ Any ast of te. Ed. “ogden Re OR ae te Rm Asie | 2 eng stacey a widens sag Ie | vt Aosis er & uf @-Extonsion of va Ly 4 ws caw tk +e Pe el : Eat @:— Aippae Yo BaF (sm) he ww dresnly Jiroleferdent sb Jn IR™ a ee (i oo ¥ef) = IR% Hon Cre) ww haste of R™ amo gan 3 ws seguicl , Suppase* afaon (£8,.-°-5 842) CR hoor Wea ER aE span (Fu 5... we} SD Gus BE U Ettent oe vaho £3, Tee sat. | a iy [aie 2 Bah bn be apt et “By F ds a. Aosta of Re Veo | a Glamis thick cut an asclingron The Lae act fBis othRe w= (4) EV; $12 bam G2 a0 Toe sthesst. 1% EIR & 1 Espen /fu23) jg. & Fey fos any EMR, Tae = (1) Bapen(™3) ve yw, ef Le ya (RZ oft bier ), (u Df iB we Gaui je Re (4%) EIR, (a,b) = lass a5). (1,- 1) + ( ‘at =) a 1) Kemah ae eae di V vis seca! tr he | uimenironal veclax foes a | satis i “ Anite |Tre Kans oe a Mataix: WE A he samy mx mabeie. say A= Ta | Debian :— oh aubmibel” sof Ain we meibeice obfeineol feom A wlilébing ame tows vomol welurrns | from A ‘4 a fab 3B 2 eer as [23 3 ‘| [Sat], AL (2 a] ee sates [eS] a mt a sub mab Ta sdatooninant vaf- Suacee sub meiix off Avs i weotoal a "dna! af A Excarndle? \ ips ws Minar ba Ps ee 64Definii‘on? — Tie Rank" of a man-200 abi Assinar te the mumbin St > 0 ase had Sone sodsti a monroe ™ aize sexor vamel wll mel sf a toe pies. “f a than : “uid By sank(A) am ok(s) Rik ate dhe laseg ect uilegese a>o such Hat toe Exist 0. “wor-z0r0 ake Minor uf sfee HXOL The. sank uf dhe 2010 malin i wlifined ts be 0: Excaneple?— Ga = [e of Be 0 2 © Olax4 Ath 8x2 — mins wu eereg Thae godih Noneeny 2x2 minge hee Es 4] St 20 sumk (A) = 2| LINEAR System or Eauarrons Mt ot Rye Ae sunkmoema /rasiables, at ay Xt Ay %y + ef Ayn hn = Bai Z + Bay Xp + 48 Boy Hy = by @ ‘ a Pony Xe + Op ®t ++ Ayr Hn=4yn on Ay CIR s EROBceRVATIONS !— f6 ded shang. 2 a sbbubon > Multi hig is epee OR. a vonstonit * lserot whamge a sobubion * Adding theo equation wlrenel he Calaione ~ ae | Evement ary Row OPERATIONS !- A= [48] man ® Tnlrurhomgi of ia totes @ Maipiaion of sy bp & non-eoe wimetrt . © Adelition 3 weer: aE wp we vow L vonoifie sow .z=ab men nar onl | Pew : rat he en op plied, | wf Me yale & Aw EQUIVALENT SYSTEM MATRICES ~ Give a syilom of dae ous | oy the schubors | Debivitions— Fb sypslin, vod dinewe sysadtiors Az =b tyelinn ued, [B/S] is obbateal dam TA) e]ie : —__ 3 Row ECHELON FORM Definttion * A maine Amen a aise! ty be in " Stay i l fh “oe afte. wll noe- zoe store (2) Fn a Non eee HELO, , ath sau, the feat ron- pio eb » Bay Oe eee un dhe Z-th ne te wil fhe optics in tie 9h vestemnn. o helen the 2 stows ase “Zanes. Ash So Sy 88e0 Seolk Sen Ok Geaae 286 off : e @y 7 | poo REDUCED ECHELON FORM: + ————— EE pee H+ méabeine Annem. dt eatlesl. "seen | schelon fase" if dence @ A ub in stot sehelim desu « (The ny Mon eos sible ay ane jd | Oe fit = Bay = Oa | | See | @ w Ska FE fit vou) = | A , = Paes fis o 6 =8 bo ve 2 a a a A de din stew =zehslon Jotem ® as a irre o (5) a) tae skal fom sironal condition. Ba | - e+e 5 Aa oe @ Am othe | syasakde don @as= e Qin 2 41. aaobing samme | fe als at | oS Ad be sore ~suolueeal echelon fon.@ Giwn méilitice Ay pe ew woferadte te A se that we oben 7 | me Stowe eohelon / so -seduted erhalten mabe. ‘ PEE] Rico aekston fom. o 0 \@ -3e . R-(AR 5 ROO e l"5 4 % % uh st6to seduced mene =8B| ‘ethelon foium.| Srsten OF Lowear. Eguatzons Az =+ we eaytatfoy, fr nd mn semkusuri men ML GAUSS Ei IMINATION METHOD | ie He — cles ee he sa aysbors “of Pan Fin. mxe “7 Airsace cquobions: Te "Gaus Ebinunotion” Grom Hi sous cehelor. mittire, it ut bon —2y, = 1 sdution if ud 2cciile .o£ wis - do 1 4:-6 oO g }se Tha is off fg. ailseie af the pe Ey Ltr y -F =8 yan =-€ Qz = -38 a a+ e= 3 -Cpiz= -6+88._ sb y= -6B-z Gt = 7 F 2 an bsyee]= 5 Br P- ¥]e-4 The aclubfen Aarne) a a: R=-a = - £& yr ore BEThissxem :— Revo aypeivalent madtvlees ae The same sank, Tad is if AmB (ontss-squivalrct) Hon stank (A) = seamk (8) Fosern BER, Ae ao iow ehelon omalicge ws A wow oeclecsal echelon mabere - Mo samk (R) = Tie amber of nen zasca eto R Bese, — tr A bp any mam. mabe. Lipbose A is seoio—squivelirt 5 a sus seen mibbcine Jos seobierd. sshelon ynabiivre ase 5, R sank (A) = The murmbire af. tron 010 sues fe xe ; y fo 8 SI : 2 -3 | — > pork = 3 oO oO oO 3. 5 O 2) -3 1] —% samk= 2 Oo oO 0FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF SYSTEM | "OF LINEAR EQUATIONS ad A sen Bo = bo be a ayeliin af m dina aqurerttons iin mw sumkmouns, Ry Kors ot ty Mm + Tan. — | in — | © 4 stork [A]b]) A vale (A) then te Ck) Aas m0 solution . a wards ( [A]b]) = sun fA) = a Ra- SR sewk (TA]]) =2 sunk [h) = 2 a sok ([ Alb) = siamk (A) = 2 sani " otoblons, Shane asee- aste- drftnility rrouy antutionr.Te. sovousporneling syslinn of solulons i> a-yrest y-z#=0 sbical 5 yas ==. eren Sf) | er] am ot dat | saludos vf fie go ayelten: | SS RS vin mot oe suchepece of RE | Thi sta at of all saan af aa t EE ; @® Solve * e —-38y+2 = —% 49% -Se a3 | oo —1By 4+122=8 | Aelutions 4 ss 4 wal 2 oF 3 | Ry —> Ro +R) ) | Ra RSs\ “+ ok (LA) b]) # ownk(A) “Te given syslern dias na solutions ® Foul the abimmaton an eee ie = (ors S we vs than (F005 Me» Ye, wf) nai oese a =2 -L oO TT Folk 09 = a 2 | Re > Reto, Re tt Rat R23 wf ti subspace af. (4 fact (G49, 4% 3), Cros) et = (41,4), ai’, ab)al 2 ¢ bee ge we os 7 er oe er yp ew a4 44g 4400 4usog dango 400 4999 4oaq 4909 oa i. ey 2 é 2 2 a Fa, wa e| Sl el oq Saw 'll 74 ri! 3 2 > SeLINEAR. TRANSFORMATIONS GA OV, AL be weslae ahovees: vowese ve fell A mop Ti \V—>W six vealed te | Aivasve Susmifasomation (7) ap T selicfes | the following cise wmaabttyons. eT (~ +.B) 5 TGs) +1 (%) ¥uyeV (#2) Tew) = eT (u) YueV Becampls @Oer: Re a (eye) THy.=) = Gy.6 al hw Bese rams fosmnedton- "8 Geb) Ty. 2+ i y3 24) = T(x yrys z+z/)) = (Bern yy", 0) | = (xy. 0)+ (5y40) | : 2 thin G2) os = Toyz) +1 (a 4 2) oa T fs ¢ (mp2) =T (Ge ey, c#)) = (es 2) 0) =¢(sy,0) =e T Gey, 2) [Goal Ge) ds| | OT by, 2) = (ae yt ZB. Beet y+z) Chek thot Te Ri Rea Ajnonse | bitane-doumatton - © wt Amun # my TAXN. vael matieire Define GIR? R™ at tA) = Ass ng 2 af se EIR” Chuck Hick Th us LT Definition '— Ge TU wi Boe OE } Vianal Wl we veslerapoces. R= fr@)ew) ¥ Eve =fwe W | = T¢) fo} ome LEV ew | sd tama Gat T= Gans i| sea baonigya The wlimension. 4 tiantad me RCT) ui allel the “ook (T) = cabin (R(r)) Definibion Sh Was! andl "of Toe the " LY of axel bik To uf NO) ot ml (T) i= fe EV [Te)= 0? Chick Hack NCP) is a suchepace ob V5 smal diem (N(T)) ie ealleal oie “Pub bite! Escample !— Ott TH RAR Bn on bs treanefarvmadi | such dot TLo,1,1) = (1,2,0) | T (1, 6,4) =€450,3) 74,459 =(@L-) Tien fil tha Winewse és i 2 © Chek Sat {05,464), (400.1), (0 4,6)3 us te atin ft R3= ~~ see fey 2= a(o4,2) + bls, 0,4)+¢ fi, 46) some a, b,@ é R = Gey dx (ove, ates ath) = b+te =% ate iy at+b=z Aol Piae sauations for abe. => pa aH +B ytZ 2 b= Z7yte 2 e= Kty-% 2 |. (ye= (e261 4+ (2) + (EFo9 = Ty) = (A) To. tener ?) +Gos) (PETE = (22) G29 + (ea) + BS Vou) y| | ; 1 sal = (229)- (29), cana (E2)» | (#-ytz)— err)) es. 1. T&y2) = (cam), (ata), [=eets)) ws eure veequveel LT RANK —NULLITY THEOREM Theocern— overt a ell Fo gt @ Ts VA be Jineae detenafasumation « Thin — sonk (T) + mublity &) = hin a) | de: dion (RCM) + shim (NEr)) = whim Cv) Ercan ple — | O VMisity te wank nullity cHeersram or He | LT Tr peS—» ops | T Gey. =) (lay), (=-y+22), (Q@x+2)) Zehilion i— wen= [Goy,2) €RE| Tey 2) =}T — ~~ = {Gene eR? | (#ty-% ecpiiesteihe (ay af ee (Lonsiolasr * | 4 4 ={ t-L B@ Re— Ro- Ry zou Rg — Ke- 25) afi 4 - [? “2 ) By Aa, | = = { Gyze ms o -2 38 i L 1, : x+y-Z=0 ~ lo -2 2] *' ~2)+8e0 o Oo °@ . haa ey Lae 2 seme =3r-7-"3 | 2. y= (oot =) | =#(429) vy ER “ NCD= f2es3.9) |y emg = spm (£64892) pi | é £6153 DF ke wba woh N¢T) | = 1 dim (N(T)) =same (7) + mullly C1) 2 4 | | | oe 4 3] Ra CE)% Res Srésy,2) | Coy 2) & Ree = {(e+y-2), (zay+22) , (e=+2)) Jaye € est = fee d+ y (o-1,0) + BCL 25] Oye ery} = sham (fa, 19), Co-b0), E41, 201)3) 4 t : pas Fa Re“ 1| Re Fete, Fa — (aR i [e f 4 des Gia) de ww Hea 6 Oo 6 tombsination of G4, 2), (2. ~4 0) whe $F (bL2), (.-2,0)} ww ds ee, amd a basis 4 RG). ais R(T) = spam ($642), G.-t, 093) dim (ROD) =2 = dim (1)_ a = abe (2e- 3y, l3e+ y) = xe (25 48)+y€32) x (2, 13+ yC& 1) = Gx, 18%)+ Cay, y) = (2x-3y, [Bsety) hain ha, A Au B ay sac aia Vo de fe oS a ‘B. ~ Pe, fas &f —+ an varaberced hase. MATRIX REPRESENTATION OF A LINEAR TRANSFORMATION wiThH RESPECT To ORDERED BASIS sueeioete 0 _ BSR?) AS dt MW he lito file ubimenaforal owe a. Hilal F. buy in(V) = 2, dim(W/) =o. CAT! Vw Whe ww Aircnse saneonmattin at, B= feo Ha} ad Ue Be} fe, basis of V anol Wl snuspreebively, gNw, Tle we Trice we lice Ee | T (65) = a Amy | os Say g Fee imme ataloser a SF zat | fe ane 9 18750 Tor cs. mate A= [Oj], os du hie meee veepeuserctation.’ vop eae wellvud posit “Band Bi vapacbvely. Nebodfon A = (re er Mt TR eh 7 Gaye) = (evap, xyeal Fil oe. anédiciec sufsusntad on w-ste, baits B= (e49, (£649, G, 4, of spel fe 4, 28 joc IR, RE sespeobively etludion !— Wee oy = Ce, 4 4) % = G1, 4,1) y= (44, 1,0) B=) £=0yt = “i= Ts > ROME | for some Ay» Bod ek | J God= Mya + Ba &2) = 2= a =O = Myt2dy =e amt Atrotlovlip, T&)=Th0,4) = (b= YE + dB = (= Me G+ Aes (0,2) = lea, tat2an) = 1=a, § B= Ant 2a, =e tea = | ass T(m)= Bree] | Sidley, TH) = TH LO) -(380=aep 4 sR > 40) = tal, D+ te(o, 2) = (Ma, yet 2aya) => 2-495 O= Ajgt 2tyy Ts 4=- = | ~|T Gs)= 38-3 a. De ornate. du prerortabion = [ L ; 2x3Eoample? Mt TRA RE Thee) = (ty ety-B) Fil RO aml NC) wonol fisol het volimemsions. | Sedutfonss— | NO = Fens) aime | 7Gy2)=03 | a 1&2 é Re | [ex2y, ery-2)= (0, Of = feydDere me ty=d ¢ Lty-p=0 | New seaulbivisrd radio of Hs. supdim —» [fio] mas if z= of ae (see O m2 -t sy =O a= By 7 o PR) = 7) Yer oes ( = #3 a $7.24) \ NO abe ECF) New, wegeauin. — RI) = [ Téayz2)| sy2eR? = z (242 et y— z) | XY, 2E IRF = {ele D+ y (D+ ={0, -4) | aye eR} = ain ({49, 60, (-d?) Nie, (1)= 2G, 2) + (0,2)we Ri) = pen Gd, (1-01) Wf cH), (Ort)] te inealy tealepeordent © vhf (RCT) =. EIGEN VALUE:— befiition— BE Aga At vee tails watt enbbides or a fool F At stale, DOE F it am “Bi ; a a Ga ces a ee ein F™ such Hak Ann Bass = Aue | hoffe aime for cigenvolise ) Charaaloaib’s valu was etgurtcrat ae otent soot | Te cdbons momeper ak sha vest, a2 2 Pipemvaston’ a A sasoeintol gweld itrottiese mame Fax aenivenlatt *’ ehabvagha cide! al bi “SF Sk om a A, uawersbonal Yio cnet € ¥ Av | a Av =o j we mud howe Av Ayia. ov | le ovine ine wi a, OP Neu, upthace AEF be san tigenvadue. uf Asien: > Awa ae, fe time YAO sh fo (q-r)E=0 , fx som % 40 +P 8 in a Non-ee solution of Ths aysitin (A~ DT) x mp 1.19 aetcts i det (A-2T)=0 iif dct (0-8) =[Dapinlline — | = At an ner omalietc, Thin Hee PD = det (2 I-A) Thtesteern — =s= ) OD ik am etizenvalece fh ap Xa a Hoot od Ha epee oe ii | Romank! The thocnvvaliees sane : He duro He Sade efgenag ene PtSolution» The thosenthned ct equation wf Nate aif (at Ay=9 ne nd 0 =e de *: a-S. 0 =0 3 -4 6 > (On-S) (0 ad Be) + 2 (Lat) =6 > Ur BOA-SAY SS —150— 4A 24=0 | > pi-s6n4 Bip -see = 0 | ee (r-é)(a-4) =0 sr 25, Be We dgemenduss see of A wr 3, 6,7Er veoh. tases ing 6 SS vib (3) Ae ton etgencvetlan i + 38 A= 2 (8) n\_ eft | E £8)(z)=2(2) 3B 6 e i= [2% }-[3] —324 4y4+6z2 sz | _ a 0 {yee Px+ Dy =6 ae ee Oo =P - Bn4 ay +82 =0 = ~Sa4 4 (2) +32 FRO Bice oii sage “re 5 D* G)~ Gpvespene enous D= jet () de tm tigen vecten of A wesc onoling” ds D> , »@)= é (( > [2:3 let S¥ ae &] -xtly = “ re -6) 0 ~ Bat 4y abe ()=(8)=2 (2) veer FO) [2 (f) Jeer Sinitealy, we eum find 2 metas fo X= Z ALGEBRAIC MULTIPLICITY AND ‘GEOMETRIG MULTIPLICITY Definition ME A he we onan molbeize with. eecheine fall F = Rox ©: tt dy, dy, Dye: Ngee de iin ngealas of A aBh Ha aieh) on be 2) ™, _ aaa I PG) dt (90-A) = Gor). (a whee M2zL, my >I, oN Te inde ee vig ed = Naloeb ii «| sulla gs “apeceadhe a. alg mult (Ag) = 272ee ———— a se tale | Th u 2 paca vf one: eigownlun De of A sa ws sperma (3) is We (A) CLASSIFICATION OF MATRICES obufinitron”. tt A ke am nxw maliix with secal tui Ate oil te be “aymomabiio, if He A A cs coil to be "skeug saypmamibete "af AT=-A ~A wu diol to fe " Reman tM ik AT= AM Defivi tite — wb A de om mee omatbcine sith(. erg Rin)» Ca 2 a) = Nt thn =“ Oa nina | wnilesy Sf ecole of Ae is a) Naat a +1 ne fot t. snitgySS SSS SS CLASSIET CATION pr MATRICES Ye i | THEIR EIGENVALUES | | Thiwstuxn 9 ma sigenralins tf symemebite salacys steal. 2) Thi eye of a thous —Howmetion an oe pee cn as aur ene a. values copia wi a oh absolute volue 4 Besos bP feaime A= AE, des Ach Heumetian- wt ) be wim veluz of A samol Ae win mite finding & a Aw= Av ., at D =p wk (Ax) = 9 (dw) > BRAKE = vio [-a=a’} = (Aves rvte [exter en) > (rut = Ryte J= Rate wm An | > Cx) ete ag | Néw, we 9 AO =e ure #2 = (K-p)= 0 =F DRA [Bowel ) ab OD ih sual 7 aware AX =A, ee Ava shen tHucmelan | tt A Ae wm siagovalue A wand 2 | pi amt aig eneventaic ig Te rigervalucd ze Av= rhe = vt (rv ot O¥) => pk An = vt A’ > vt HM) es wt nw [ea=-a*) ap - wkAty = A VEY | => - (Av*e = A vt Eater (on | ae — (Ave = AP Y =p — A yte =A VE ap (ata) ete =0 Ae © AO, we fae vio £0 DtA=0 PB RED ee Dy poosely singeDafiiaition + at Amun » Baum Ae matrices. We. Hat A “a wimilac te" B uf hve msl wom srvenrthle malbsux Foye ib anh Hat PAP SB ee ee eedhoswlocatic jad wumol hense fave Te swe eigenveuss Wot vin Aun ws sinilose Bs than A,B ave ffi atm ocsbie pod tal vamol Pemee home A yk atnilan de Bay. OTe. cnckts vam Somenbible onibae Dyn auch PUAPE=B. _Now, chaactiwibe nomial vo B= at (21 -B) , = det (AT- PAP) = bt (a potpo PUAP) viet ( po» (ATA) PY vlet (P™) let (AT-A) let CP) * Shey sdct (2I-A) wohet(P) il| RQuabin! When iv a piven omailiix hs wml bh we hagenad omnibeiy? Definition — dt A he om men omilicie — wilh anita jn a fall F = Ron CL. ld Hot A vu vobaponal'z able’ Be if tae mit te dash of F* weal we siger-veeliiu uf A, Ba. Fy. Vass Bm EF™ snot hot Fy. Vee Mn wo Anis F™ pmol Ur, Ue, ree, Uy ae Agere al A Equivalently » tse omits van ulmestdi te mabe: Fry such that PAP =D wlustee D cis - omdbe'x Newsiry came Sifhsivet= Lmalibion foe we gion mates to he volt able : wun mM, . Rt Daisey he EF be labial + Tin A ix hagenaliable i -\= geomult (3) S¥ja40%= af. dhe mak Se “| a= [* -2 0 4 -6é theak “hho tinal the wliagnali nobility of A woven FR. “dE ON tis abingorabicable , dun Fral am vnunedible malie'x Bag anal we biagomal mebselx Paya suck Hot PAP = D Aoludione ! Charnetices te gation vf A i — dct (AI-A)=6 le 3 oe a a & =0 4 2 a = (p42) (Manse) +2(-2a-6) +3 Ct-atd=0 =p 07 AEA t 2X p- 24 — AD-1D 39 —2r+3 =): = 34 24-4820 = (x- 5) (at2) @t3)=0 HHS 38-3. “ Whanadlenitie. polynomial = det GE-A)= (n-8(48 | ste algimatt (S)=1 5 salgmutt C2) = 2 |i ee =p ~x— 2(-28)-Sz =0 | + ~x+ 42-Sz=0 | =e maz 1 atpoeator (2)= (2 z)-* | = a Zz 3) 3) = ee fe (4) [ er ~ Ea aim (Ee (a) =1 "geome ®=1= alg mult (5) Ex ng de A=-3 tH A (Z)=-2() * [#77 8 )-[-3] —~ By —3z = a+ 2y- 32> =0 Pn+4y— GZ=0 -x—Iy+32= 0 Te couffiesent onafsu}s is —— [+ 2 | Ko —+ Fe 2R, 2 4 “1 -2 3) Rg Beth = 4) ¥2ERTy wft 2 -3) 2 wry 82 =0 0 0 x a =p = —2y4 32 (Pear) 4 YyzeER “ EL fa)= vo Pye +2(#) | rer) = oe (ECE): (1D) + (C0), @} « aly be : dim [E-(A)) =2 > geonult( 8) = 2= alg mult 8) | ee vabore thea, A iis ding enalicoble. Ww flv wm dntetible mabey P, PUAP=D at v= (3) E EA) ~ (4) © 6) = (%) EEA) oS? eeae © eee in a aSambi Ae Bal et | Adabion! The etigor von wl A axe 0, 0, | | -*s salgmalt(0) <5 : | att 4 (F)= Als | * [¢ 3)[F]= (2) ~ (c]- [6] y=0 Be Ge0) } E,(A)= fx(<) | = ston( (8) 4 => lim neo 4 a guomuld (0) = i | => olgmult (0) A qeomult (0) | OA te net ebiponobicabde_| | Epeumples yo E ‘) eee le wf Awe bd 5 algrudt (2) =2 Ea 8 “BAA Dom 5 yay SHO (8) =($)= 2f8) = E, (A)= fx( 3) | EF] = spon (4 (a) ) =p aim (&. (A) =4 vs geonudt (1) => geamult (1) A algwudlt (1) A bet iene aE. Romasik }— Zt (Hi, Bar ceco Ump de a baat OEE anol Us Users i be eigumvedtans warpeuponching to Ns ders An sespectiiely. te p= [oe me... B).os fan Pos srverktble (Clumna abe £3) rape rex [aa [|] =P? (ars.| Ate] --- | Axe] Aotuion Tz cigwolus of A ome 0, 0 Ti aipavettara inf A eases ponal Agl-elt] CG} > ()-(2) => y=0 fo O,Algmutt (o)=2 A uk net Wagorabzobte ouese poll a rit, mussl not he oun Lor ®) CAYLEY - HAMILTON THEOREM :_ Thewtem '— si de am nxn ‘mabiege witt evdiedes uh lol Fe th he ata AK, Tt: be dh ehonastsces es = 0 a Oa= (49 Ghavacboinbe palynoniiad sf A = pdr) = act (XI-A)li ri) = | arn aro = f-Dfr-s) | = W- Bato | New, P(A) = els Nee, AP = La g o}=[3 4] | me | p(A)e iB - va - e | = 0 6 # 6 0 o Fe A® 2a+oT=0 => A= BA-9T +> pes A. (24-23) | =SA™ DIK | = 8(8A-25) — oa | AS = 4A ~2n- er | => A8. #A er