Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the mediating role of Positive Emotion on

the linkage between Life Expectancy and Life Ladder The results (see Table 1)

suggested that the total effect of Life Expectancy on Life Ladder was significant (H1:

b=0.1113, se=0.7782 p<0.001). With the inclusion of the mediating variable (Positive

Emotion), the impact of Life Expectancy on Life Ladder was (still) found (in) significant

(b=0.0982, se =0.00703, p<0.001). The indirect effect of Life Expectancy on Life Ladder

through Positive Emotion was found significant (b=0.0131 se= 0.00439 p<0.003). This

shows that the relationship between Life Expectancy and Life Ladder is fully/partial/not

mediated by Positive Emotion.

Mediation
Mediation Estimates

Effect Estimate SE Z p

Indirect 0.0131 0.00439 2.98 0.003

Direct 0.0982 0.00703 13.98 < .001
Total 0.1113 0.00782 14.23 < .001

Path Estimates

Estimate SE Z p

Life expectancy → Positive emotion 0.00338 0.00102 3.32 < .001

Positive emotion → Life ladder 3.87196 0.57119 6.78 < .001
Life expectancy → Life ladder 0.09824 0.00703 13.98 < .001

GLM Mediation Model

Models Info

Mediators Models
m1 Positive emotion ~ Life expectancy
Full Model
m2 Life ladder ~ Positive emotion + Life expectancy
Indirect Effects
IE 1 Life expectancy ⇒ Positive emotion ⇒ Life ladder

Sample size N 135

Path Model
Conceptual Diagram
Mediation
Indirect and Total Effects

95% C.I. (a)

Type Effect Estimate SE Lower Upper β z p

Life expectancy
⇒ Positive
Indirect 0.01310 0.00439 0.00449 0.02170 0.0911 2.98 0.003
emotion ⇒ Life
ladder
Life
expectancy ⇒
Component 0.00338 0.00102 0.00139 0.00538 0.2750 3.32 < .001
Positive
emotion
Positive
emotion ⇒ 3.87196 0.57119 2.75244 4.99147 0.3314 6.78 < .001
Life ladder

Life expectancy
Direct 0.09824 0.00703 0.08447 0.11202 0.6836 13.98 < .001
⇒ Life ladder

Life expectancy
Total 0.11134 0.00785 0.09595 0.12673 0.7747 14.18 < .001
⇒ Life ladder

Note. Confidence intervals computed with method: Standard (Delta method)

Note. Betas are completely standardized effect sizes

Moderation

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between Life Expectancy and Life

Ladder and to investigate if Positive emotion acts as a moderating variable in this

association.

It was hypothesized that Life Expectancy will positively predict Life Ladder. Additionally,

it was predicted that Positive Emotion will enhance the relationship between Life

Expectancy and Life Ladder.

A multiple regression analysis was carried out to test these hypotheses.

Individually, Life Expectancy positively predicted Life Ladder (b= 0.0998,

se=0.00660,p<0.001). On the other hand, Positive Emotion served as positive predictor

(b=3.8410, se=0.53478,p<0.001).

The result also shows thatLife Expectancy*Positive Emotion significantly moderated the

relationship betweenLife Expectancy and Life Ladder (b=0.2024, se=0.07453,p<0.007).

Moderation
Moderation Estimates

Estimate SE Z p

Life expectancy 0.0998 0.00660 15.12 < .001

Positive emotion 3.8410 0.53478 7.18 < .001
Life expectancy ✻ Positive emotion 0.2024 0.07453 2.72 0.007

Simple Slope Analysis

Simple Slope Estimates

Estimate SE Z p

Average 0.0998 0.00682 14.63 < .001

Low (-1SD) 0.0797 0.00974 8.19 < .001
High (+1SD) 0.1199 0.01052 11.40 < .001

Note. shows the effect of the predictor (Life expectancy) on the dependent variable (Life ladder) at different levels
of the moderator (Positive emotion)
Simple Slope Plot

The time slope analyses suggest at low levels of Positive Emotion, Life Expectancy did

predict Life Ladder

(b=0.0797, se=0.00974,p<0.001). However,Life ladder positively predicted when at

average (b=0.0998, se=0.00682,p<0.001) or high (b=0.1199, se= 0.01052,p<0.001).

The result of the analysis suggests that Life Expectancy can positively influence the Life

Ladder. This can be enhanced more by people who have Positive Emotion