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The Accounting Cycle Its Steps
The Accounting Cycle Its Steps
The Accounting Cycle Its Steps
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Journalizing
Identify the accounts involved with an
event or transaction.
Determine whether each account
increased or decreased.
Determine the amount by which each
account was affected.
This process is used whether the
accounting is being done manually or
with a computer.
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Summary of the Accounting Cycle
Analyze transactions and business documents.
Journalize transactions.
Post journal entries to accounts.
Determine account balances and prepare a trial
balance.
Journalize and post adjusting entries.
Prepare financial statements.
Journalize and post closing entries.
Balance the accounts and prepare a post-
closing trial balance.
1. Analyze Transactions and 8
Business Documents
Transactions are the
exchange of goods or
services between entities,
as well as other events that
have an economic impact
on a business.
Business Documents are
records that are evidence
of transactions.
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2. Journalize Transactions
Journal Entries
A journal is an accounting record in which
business transactions are entered in
chronological order.
Journal entries record transaction
information; debits equal credits.
Journal Page 1
Post
Date Description Ref. Debits Credits
Jan 1 Cash 5
Revenue 5
Received cash for
services provided.
4 Supplies 12
Accounts Payable 12
Purchased supplies
on account.
10 Accounts Payable 12
Cash 12
Paid for supplies.
12
Debits Credits
Cash $ 21
Accounts Receivable 15
Inventory 12
Land 200
Accounts Payable $ 30
Capital Stock 150
Retained Earnings 24
Sales Revenue 919
Cost of Goods Sold 850
Advertising Expense 10
Misc. Expenses 15 ______
Total $ 1,123 $ 1,123
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5. Adjusting Entries
Adjusting Entries
Identify the original entries that were made,
if any. (Original entries are only made for
unearned revenues and prepaid expenses.)
Determine what the correct balances
should be at this point in time.
Make the adjustments needed to correct the
balances.
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Example: Depreciation
Rosi, Inc., purchased buildings in 1997 at a
cost of $156,000. Each year, 5% of the cost
is depreciated. At the end of 2002, the
following adjusting entry is made:
Adjusting Entry
12/31 Depreciation Expense--Buildings 7,800
Accumulated Depr.--Buildings 7,800
To record depreciation on
building at 5% per year.
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Example: Accrued Expenses
At the end of the fiscal period, Rosi, Inc.,
had accrued salaries and wages totaling
$2,150.
Adjusting Entry
12/31 Salaries and Wages Expense 2,150
Salaries Payable 2,150
To record accrued salaries and
wages.
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Example: Accrued Revenues
Rosi, Inc., holds a note receivable from a
customer on which interest totaling $250 has
accrued.
Adjusting Entry
12/31 Interest Receivable 250
Interest Revenue 250
To record accrued interest on a
note receivable.
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Example: Prepaid Expenses
Rosi, Inc.’s trial balance shows that the asset
account Prepaid Insurance has a balance of
$8,000. By December 31, only $3,800
applies to future periods.
Adjusting Entry
12/31 Insurance Expense 4,200
Prepaid Insurance 4,200
To record expired insurance.
$8,000 - $3,800
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Example: Deferred Revenues
Rosi, Inc., receives a payment of $2,550
from a customer prior to the services being
rendered. By December 31, $2,075 in
services have been provided.
Adjusting Entry
12/31 Unearned Rent Revenue 2,075
Rent Revenue 2,075
To record rent revenue
($2,550 - $475).
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Expenses Revenues
Expenses
The expense account is
Bal. xxx xxx credited in order to close
the account at the end of
the period.
31
Dividends
1. Kumar Bhupendra (2016). Exchange traded fund in India - Performance analysis with mutual fund and global
perspectives. International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, Volume 4, Issue 7, Oct-2016, pp 22-35, ISSN:
2348 –3954 (Online) ISSN: 2349 –2546 (Print)
2. Rajshree Sharma, Shivani Gupta, Bhupendra Kumar (2016). Satyam computer scam – pre and post diagnosis.
International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, Volume 4, Issue 9, Dec-2016, pp 53-68 ,ISSN: 2348 –3954
(Online) ISSN: 2349 –2546 (Print)
3. Kumar B.(2020). Determinants of dividend payout ratio: empirical evidence from Ethiopian private banks. Palarch’s
Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology
4. Kumar B. (2019). The effect of remittance on economic growth of eastern African countries. International Journal of
Social Science & Management Studies Vol. - 6, No. – 1 Page-13-26
5. Rajesh Kumar, Kumar Bhupendra (2018). Study on role of banking institutions in rural development – an evaluation.
International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, Volume 6, Issue 1, Jan -2018, pp 52-57 , ISSN: 2348 -3954
(Online) ISSN: 2349 - 2546 (Print)
6. Gupta Pramod , Kumar Bhupendra, Sharma Manoj (2013). Impact of LPG on human resource department a case study of
Indian industries. Applied Research And Development Institute Journal, ISSN : 2249-8346, 8(7) ; (P) 36-43
7. Kumar Bhupendra (2014). Special Economic Zones in India: Recent Developments and Future New Challenges.
Contributing Sustainability. Victorious Publishers (India), ISBN No.: 978-93-84224-08-0, (P) 178-190
8. Neha Saini, Kumar Bhupendra, et al. (2017). A Conceptual study of Micro Finance in India. International Journal of
Marketing & Financial Management, Vol. 5, pp. 75-82. ISSN: 2348 -3954 (Online) ISSN: 2349 - 2546 (Print).
9. Srivastava A.K., Kumar B. et al. (2014). Special Economic zones- Overview on Growth and Export performance.
European Journal of Academic Essays 1(9): 15-19, 2014 ISSN (online): 2183-1904 ISSN (print): 2183-3818
10. G. B. Bezabh , Kumar B. (2020). The Effect of Remittance on Economic Growth of Eastern African Countries.
International Journal of Social Science & Management Studies, ISSN : 2454 - 4655, Vol. - 6, No. – 1, Feb. 2020 Page-13-
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