GLOBAL SCHOOL-BASED STUDENT HEALTH SURVEY

Indonesia
2023 Fact Sheet

The 2023 Indonesia GSHS was a school-based survey of students in Class 7 - Class 12 (typically attended by students aged 13 –
17 years). A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce data representative of all students in Class 7 - Class 12 in
Indonesia. At the first stage, 79 schools were selected with probability proportional to enrollment size. At the second stage,
classes were randomly selected and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate.

The Indonesia GSHS measured Alcohol Use; Dietary Behaviours; Drug Use; Hygiene; Mental Health; Physical Activity; Protective
Factors; Sexual Behaviours; Tobacco Use; & Violence and Unintentional Injury. Students self-reported their responses to each
question on a computer scannable answer sheet.

The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 84.6%, and the overall response rate was 84.6%. A total of
10 059 students participated in the Indonesia GSHS. Weighted prevalence estimates (percentages) and 95% confidence
intervals are presented below.

Results for Students Aged 13-17 Years Total Boys Girls

Alcohol Use
Percentage of students who currently drank alcohol (at least
5.1 7.5 2.5
one drink containing alcohol on at least 1 day during the 30
(4.0 - 6.4) (5.8 - 9.6) (1.7 - 3.7)
days before the survey)
Percentage of students who drank so much alcohol that they 4.8 7.6 1.7
were really drunk (one or more times during their life) (3.7 - 6.1) (5.7 - 10.2) (1.2 - 2.5)
Dietary Behaviours
Percentage of students who were underweight (<-2SD from 8.1 11.2 4.7
median for BMI by age and sex) (7.0 - 9.3) (9.8 - 12.7) (3.6 - 6.2)
Percentage of students who were overweight (>+1SD from 17.6 16.9 18.3
median for BMI by age and sex) (16.0 - 19.2) (14.9 - 19.0) (16.0 - 20.9)
Percentage of students who were obese (>+2SD from median 5.4 5.8 5.0
for BMI by age and sex) (4.6 - 6.4) (4.7 - 7.1) (4.1 - 6.1)
Percentage of students who drank any sugar-sweetened drink
44.4 47.8 40.7
one or more times per day (during the 7 days before the
(40.2 - 48.6) (44.0 - 51.7) (35.4 - 46.3)
survey)
Drug Use
Percentage of students who used cannabis (one or more 1.6 2.5 0.5
times during their life) (1.1 - 2.4) (1.6 - 3.7) (0.3 - 1.0)
Percentage of students who used amphetamines or
1.4 2.3 0.5
methamphetamines for non-medical purposes (one or more
(0.9 - 2.2) (1.4 - 3.7) (0.2 - 1.0)
times during their life)
Hygiene
Percentage of students who did not clean or brush their teeth
5.8 8.5 2.8
or usually cleaned or brushed their teeth less than 1 time per
(5.0 - 6.8) (7.1 - 10.1) (2.1 - 3.8)
day (during the 30 days before the survey)
Percentage of students who never or rarely washed their
7.3 8.0 6.3
hands after using the toilet or latrine (during the 30 days
(6.4 - 8.3) (6.8 - 9.3) (5.1 - 7.9)
before the survey)
Mental Health
3.5 3.4 3.6
Percentage of students who have no close friends
(2.8 - 4.4) (2.6 - 4.3) (2.5 - 5.0)
Percentage of students who seriously considered attempting 8.5 5.7 11.5
suicide (during the 12 months before the survey) (7.4 - 9.8) (5.0 - 6.6) (9.6 - 13.7)
Percentage of students who attempted suicide (one or more 10.7 8.4 12.9
times during the 12 months before the survey) (9.6 - 12.0) (6.9 - 10.3) (11.2 - 14.9)
Physical Activity
Percentage of students who were not physically active for a
76.2 77.2 75.1
total of at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days (during the 7
(72.7 - 79.3) (73.8 - 80.3) (70.4 - 79.3)
days before the survey)

- = student subgroup with less than 100 1

 GLOBAL SCHOOL-BASED STUDENT HEALTH SURVEY
Indonesia
2023 Fact Sheet
Results for Students Aged 13-17 Years Total Boys Girls
Percentage of students who did not go to physical education 15.8 18.3 13.1
class (each week during this school year) (13.2 - 18.9) (15.3 - 21.8) (10.8 - 15.6)
Percentage of students who spent three or more hours per
day sitting or lying down (when they are not in school or 46.8 42.9 51.2
doing homework or sleeping at night during a typical or usual (44.1 - 49.6) (38.8 - 47.1) (47.7 - 54.8)
day)
Percentage of students who got less than eight hours of sleep 62.0 61.1 62.9
on an average school night (55.3 - 68.2) (54.3 - 67.4) (55.9 - 69.4)
Protective Factors
Percentage of students who missed classes or school without
33.0 36.5 29.0
permission (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the
(29.4 - 36.8) (31.7 - 41.7) (25.9 - 32.3)
survey)
Percentage of students who reported that their parents or
57.4 59.6 55.1
guardians never or rarely understood their problems and
(54.7 - 60.2) (56.5 - 62.7) (51.1 - 59.1)
worries (during the 30 days before the survey)
Percentage of students who reported that their parents or
49.2 52.6 45.4
guardians never or rarely really knew what they were doing
(46.4 - 51.9) (49.1 - 56.0) (41.0 - 49.9)
with their free time (during the 30 days before the survey)
Sexual Behaviours
7.4 9.5 5.2
Percentage of students who ever had sexual intercourse
(6.3 - 8.7) (7.6 - 11.9) (4.0 - 6.7)
Percentage of students who used a condom during last sexual
39.4 41.4
intercourse (among students who ever had sexual -
(31.2 - 48.3) (31.2 - 52.4)
intercourse)
Tobacco Use
Percentage of students who currently smoked cigarettes (on 17.8 29.4 5.4
at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey) (13.7 - 22.9) (22.4 - 37.4) (4.1 - 7.2)
Percentage of students who currently used a tobacco product 23.0 34.6 10.8
(on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey) (18.7 - 27.9) (27.6 - 42.3) (8.9 - 13.0)
Percentage of students who currently used electronic
12.6 18.9 5.7
cigarettes (on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the
(10.5 - 15.0) (15.4 - 22.9) (4.4 - 7.2)
survey)
Violence and Unintentional Injury
Percentage of students who were in a physical fight (one or 36.7 46.3 26.3
more times during the 12 months before the survey) (34.4 - 39.0) (43.0 - 49.5) (23.8 - 29.0)

For additional information, please contact:
Tin Afifah
Research Organization for Health, National Research and
Innovation Agency (BRIN)
Email: tina001@brin.go.id; afifah.tin@gmail.com
For general information about the GSHS,
please visit:
https://www.who.int/teams/noncommunicable-
diseases/surveillance/systems-tools/global-school-based-student-
health-survey

- = student subgroup with less than 100 2