METALS &

NON- METALS

PART - I
Pure substances: Materials made up of same kind of
particles.
PURE
SUBSTANCES

Elements Compounds
• Pure substances made • Pure substances made up
up of same kind of of same kind of
atoms. molecules.

• Egs- Iron (Fe) , • Egs- Water (H2O) ,

Aluminium (Al) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Grouping together of elements showing similar properties so
that their general characteristics can be studied is known as
classification of elements.

Elements
On the basis of difference in their physical and
chemical properties

Non
Metals
Metals
 OCCURENCE
METALS
✔ Abundant in the earth’s crust. Aluminium is the most
abundant metal followed by iron.
✔ Highly reactive metals like sodium, potassium,
aluminium and zinc are present in the form of their
compounds (oxides, sulphides, carbonates)
✔ Less reactive metals like gold, silver and platinum
occur in their elemental (native)state.
NON-METALS
✔ FREE STATE. Found in their free state in the
atmosphere. Eg. Oxygen and nitrogen. Carbon
exist in its native state as diamond , graphite
and fullerene . Sulphur also exists in free state.
✔ COMBINED STATE. Many non metals exist in
the form of their compounds like oxides and
nitrates. Carbon also exists in combined state
like carbon dioxide, carbonates and
bicarbonates. Sulphur also exist in combined
state as sulphides or sulphates.
 MINERALS
✔ A MINERAL IS A NATURALLY OCCURING INORGANIC
SUBSTANCE FOUND DEEP UNDER THE SURFACE OF
EARTH.
ORES
✔ AN ORE IS A MINERAL FROM WHICH ONE OR
MORE METALS CAN BE EXTRACTED PROFITABLY.
FOR EXAMPLE- IRON FROM ITS HAEMATITE ORE,
ALUMINIUM FROM ITS BAUXITE ORE.
IRON ORE
 METALLURGY- THE SEQUENCE OF PROCESSES USED TO EXTRACT A
METAL IN ITS PURE FORM FROM ITS ORE.

Step 1: CONCENTRATION OF ORE:

IT IS THE PROCESS OF REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES
FROM THE ORE.
STEP 2: REDUCTION:
IT IS THE PROCESS OF TREATING THE METAL ORE
TO GET THE METAL IN ITS FREE STATE.
STEP 3: REFINING OF METALS:
THE METAL, OBTAINED BY REDUCTION, IS
IMPURE. REFINING IS THE PROCESS OF PURIFICATION
OF THIS IMPURE METAL.
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS (NOTES NOTEBOOK)
1. Name the two categories into which elements can be broadly
classified.
Ans. Metals and Non-Metals
2. State whether ‘true’ or ‘false’-
a) Sodium and potassium are found in their elemental state in nature.
False
b) Carbon exists in its native state as well as combined state. True
c) Gold and silver occur in nature in their combined state. False
3. Mention the steps involved in metallurgy.
Ans. Refer to slide no. 6
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS (NOTES NOTEBOOK)

4. State the difference between a mineral and an ore.

Ans.

MINERALS ORES

A MINERAL IS A NATURALLY OCCURING AN ORE IS A MINERAL FROM WHICH ONE OR MORE

INORGANIC SUBSTANCE FOUND DEEP UNDER THE METALS CAN BE EXTRACTED PROFITABLY. FOR
SURFACE OF EARTH. EXAMPLE- IRON FROM ITS HAEMATITE
ORE,ALUMINIUM FROM ITS BAUXITE ORE

EVERY MINERAL IS NOT AN ORE. EVERY ORE IS A MINERAL.