METALS &

NON- METALS

PART - 4
 NOBLE METALS

Gold and platinum are used to make jewellery as-

✔ They are noble metals i.e. they are less reactive and are not chemically affected by the substances around them.
They do not get tarnished and retain their lustre for a very long time.
✔ They are ductile i.e. can be drawn into thin wires.
✔ They are malleable i.e. can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.
Gold can be used for plating
metals like copper and silver. Gold Platinum is used in dentistry and
wires are used for high precision in making scientific instruments.
electrical contacts in computers.
 PURITY OF GOLD

✔ Pure gold is very soft. So, it is not suitable for making jewellery.
✔ Pure gold is mixed with silver or copper to make it hard.
✔ Purity of gold is expressed in Carats (or karats).
✔ Carat gives the number of parts of gold present in 24 parts of a mixture of gold with the other
metals.
Eg- 22 carat gold means that 22 parts of pure gold is present in 24 parts of a mixture of gold with
copper or silver.

Pure gold is rated as ‘24 carat

gold’
 USES OF METALS

IRON ALUMINIUM
▪ Cooking vessels, water boilers (thermal ▪ Aircraft bodies (very light metal)
conductivity) ▪ Cooking vessels (thermal conductivity)
▪ Stoves ▪ Foils for packaging of food stuffs and
▪ Toys medicines. (malleability)
▪ Tools
▪ Pipes
▪ Agricultural implements
▪ Chains, wires (tensile strength)
▪ Nuts, bolts
▪ electromagnets
 USES OF METALS

COPPER SILVER
▪ Cooking vessels, water boilers (thermal ▪ Jewellery
conductivity) ▪ Decoration pieces
▪ Electrical cables and electrical goods ▪ Tableware
(ductility and electrical conductivity) ▪ Foils for decorating of food items.
(malleability)
▪ Silver wires are used for high precision
electrical contacts in computers
 ALLOYS

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USES OF ALLOYS
USES OF ALLOYS
 USES OF NON-METALS

DIAMOND (form of carbon) NITROGEN

▪ In fertilisers for growth of and
▪ Making Jewellery
development of seeds and plants.
▪ In cutting glass
▪ For grinding tools

IODINE
▪ As an antiseptic
GRAPHITE (form of carbon)
▪ In batteries
▪ In pencils
 USES OF NON-METALS

OXYGEN
▪ Essential for survival for all
living beings.

SULPHUR
▪ For making fire
crackers, gun powder
and sulphuric acid.

PHOSPHORUS
▪ Fertilisers
▪ Matchbox industry
 LET’S DISCUSS HOMEWORK……

Q.D2 State the fraction of gold present in an 18 carat gold piece.

Ans- 18 carat gold piece means that 18 parts of pure gold is present in 24 parts of a
mixture of gold with copper or silver. FRACTION OF GOLD=18/24 =3/4.

Q.D4 Define an alloy.

Ans- An alloy is a homogenous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a
non-metal.

Q.D5 List any two uses of non-metals.

Ans- Refer to slide number- 9 and 10

 LET’S DISCUSS HOMEWORK……

Q.E2 Why are gold and platinum suitable for making jewellery?

Ans- Refer to slide number- 2

Q.E4 Why is bronze preferred over copper metal for making statues?
Ans- Bronze is preferred over copper metal for making statues as it is an alloy of copper
and tin. The properties of the pure metal (copper) get modified as brass is-
▪ stronger
▪ harder
▪ more resistant to corrosion than the copper.