Nutrition in plant

Points To Remember:

 Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are essential components of food, these
components are called nutrients
 Humans and animals are dependent directly or indirectly on plants for food
 Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body
 Green plants are called autotrophs as they prepare their own food from simple substances
 Animals and most other organisms are called heterotrophs as they take in ready-made food prepared
by the plants
 The synthesis of food in plants occurs in leaves
 Photosynthesis can be carried out in presence of chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
 Complex chemical substances like carbohydrates are the products of photosynthesis
 Pitcher plants and Venus flytraps are insectivorous plants
 Fungi derive nutrition from dead and decaying matters they are called saprotrophs

Very Short Q&A

 Q1: Name some components of food.
 Q2: Define nutrients.
 Q3: Give an example of autotrophs.
 Q4: Give an example of heterotrophs.
 Q5: Plants prepare their food by using raw materials present in __________________
 Q6: What do you mean by nutrition?
 Q7: Name the food factories of plants.
 Q8: Name the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves.
 Q9: Name the green pigment present in leaves.
 Q10: ____________ helps leaves to capture the energy of sunlight
 Q10: ____________ helps leaves to capture the energy of sunlight
 Q11: Why photosynthesis is named so?
 Q12: Sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms. True / False
 Q13: Where does the nucleus of cell lies?
 Q14: State the equation for the process of photosynthesis.
 Q15: The nucleus in a cell is surrounded by a jelly like substance called ___________.
Q16: Why algae present in stagnant water bodies are green in colour?
Q17: Name a component of food other than carbohydrate synthesise by plants.
Q18: Name some insectivorous plants.
Q19: In saprotrophic mode of nutrition organisms take in nutrients from

a. Oxygen mask
b. Water mask
c. Pollution mask
 d. None of these

Q20: During photosynthesis plants take in _______________ and releases _______________.

Q21: Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients, this type of relationship is called

Q22: Lichen is a symbiotic association between __________ and fungi.

Q23: Name the edible fungi.
Q24: Name the organism responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into soluble forms.
Q25: Where we can see Rhizobium bacteria?

a. Dead matter
b. Decaying matter
c. Both a and b
d. None of these

26: Give an example of parasites.

Q27: Give an example of saprotrophs.
Q28: Amarbel is an example of

a. Parasite
b. Host
c. Autotrophs
d. Saprotrophs

Q29: Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. True/ False.

Q30: During photosynthesis solar energy is converted into chemical energy. True/ False.
Q31: The product of photosynthesis is

a. Carbohydrate
b. Protein
c. Fats
d. All of these

Q32: Name a plant that has both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Q33: Name a parasitic plant with yellow, slender and tubular type of stem.
Q34: Name the pores present in leaves through which exchange of gas takes place.
Q35: Animals are autotrophs. True/ False.

Short Q&A
Q1:Differentiate between nutrients and nutrition.
Q2:Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Q3: Explain the food factory of plants.
Q4: How do plants obtain raw materials from the surrounding?
Q5: Draw a labelled diagram of cell showing nucleus and cytoplasm.
Q6: How water and minerals are transported to leaves from roots?
Q7: Define chlorophyll.
Q8: Explain the role of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis.
Q9: Define photosynthesis along with the equation for the same.
Q10: Draw a labelled diagram showing the process of photosynthesis.
Q11: Draw diagram of a leaf showing chlorophyll, and stomata in it.
Q12: What is the function of stomata in leaf of a plant?
Q13: Draw a diagram of stomata showing guard cells in it.
Q14: How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?
Q15: How humans and animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants?
Q16: Why do we need food?
Q17: Whether food is made in all parts of a plant or only in certain parts? Explain.
Q18: What is cell?
Q19: What is the cell membrane?
Q20: What are the main requirements of photosynthesis?
Q21: Why colours of algae are green?
Q22: What are the main components presents in carbohydrates?
Q23: From where do the plants obtain nitrogen?
Q24: What do you mean by parasitic nutrition?
Q25: Define insectivorous plants along with examples.
Q26: What is saprotrophic mode of nutrition?
Q27: Explain the mode of nutrition in fungi?
Q28: What do you understand by symbiotic relationship present in some organism?
Q29: How nutrients are replenished in soil?
Q30: What do you mean by Symbiosis?
Q31: What is the role of leguminous plants in replenishing soil fertility?
Q32: Distinguish between a parasite and a saprotrophs.
Q33: Explain how Pitcher plants get their nutrition?

Long Q&A
Q1:Sun is called the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms. Comments.
Q2:Explain the two mode of nutrition in plants.

Points To Remember☹HEAT)

 A reliable measure of an object is its temperature

 Thermometer is used to measure the temperature of an object, the temperature that measures our body
temperature is called a clinical thermometer
 The normal temperature of human body is 37 °C, although the temperature of every person is not 37
°C, it may be slightly higher or lower
 The heat flows from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature
 Heat can flow from one object to another by three ways conduction, convection and radiation
  In solid generally heat transfers by conduction, in liquid and gases heat transfers by convection and for
transfer of heat by radiation no medium is required
 The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are conductors of heat
 The materials which do not allow heat to pass through them easily are insulators
 Dark coloured objects absorbs radiation more than a light coloured objects
 Woollen clothes keeps us warm because wool is poor conductor of heat and it has air trapped in
between the fibres

Very Short Q&A:

Q1: Define temperature.
Q2: Name the device used to measure temperature.
Q3: Name the two types of thermometer.
Q4: What do you mean by clinical thermometer?
Q5: The bulb in thermometer contains _____________.
Q6: Thermometer should be washed before and after use with, preferably with an _________ solution.
Q7: Before use the mercury level of thermometer should be below_________________________.
Q8: We should hold the thermometer by the bulb while holding it. True/False.
Q9: What is the unit of temperature as adopted by India?
Q10: What is the average body temperature of a healthy person?
Q11: What is the range of laboratory thermometer?
Q12: Laboratory thermometer should be kept upright and not tilted. True/False.
Q13: The bulb of laboratory thermometer should not touch the surface of the ________________.
Q14: What is the use of kink in a clinical thermometer?
Q15: Give an example to show the transfer from heat from one body to another.
Q16: Heat always flows from a hotter object to ________________________.
Q17: In solid heat is transferred by the process of

a. Conduction
b. convection
c. Radiation
d. None of these

Q18: Give examples of conductors.

Q19: Give examples of insulators.

Q20: Insulators are ________ conductor of heat.

Q21: Conductors are _____________ conductor of heat.

Q22: Name the process by which heat transfer in air.

Q23: From the sun the heat comes to us by the process called __________________.

Q24: Transfer of heat by radiation requires any medium or not?

Q25: All hot bodies __________________ heat.

Q26: An iron rod at 30°c is dropped by chance into a bucket containing water at 30°c, the heat will flow or not
in this case?

Q27: An wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice-cream ,its other end

a. Becomes clod by the process of convention

b. Becomes hot by the process of conduction
c. Does not become cold
d. None of these.

Q28: Which of the two absorbs more radiation- a dark coloured object or a light coloured object?

Q29: Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a ________________________.

Q30: Land breeze blows at the time of ______________.

Q31: Sea breeze blows at the time of ______________.

Q32: Which type of cloth should be preferredin the month of June?

Q33: Which type of cloth should be preferredin the month of January?

Q34: A cold steel spoon is dipped into a cup of hot coffee, it will transfer heat to its other end or not? If yes
then by which process?

Q35: One litre of water at 30°c is mixed with one litre of water at 48°c, the temperature of the mixture will be.

a. 48°c
b. 30°c
c. Between 30°c and 48°c
d. More than 48°c

Short Q&A:
Q1: Define heat.

Q2: Define temperature. What is its unit?

Q3: What is the use of the maximum – minimum thermometer?

Q4: Why does the mercury not fall or rise in a clinical thermometer when taken out of the mouth?

Q5: Why clinical thermometer ranges from 35oC to 42oC.?

Q6: What is conduction?

Q7: Why conduction is only possible in solids?

Q8: How does the heat from the sun reach us?

Q9: Explain how water heated by convection?

Q10: Differentiate between conductor and insulators?

Q11: Explain land breeze.

Q12: Explain sea breeze.

Q13: In summer we prefer light-coloured clothes and in winter we usually wear dark-coloured clothes. Explain
Why?

Q14: Why one thick blanket is less warm up than two thin blankets joined together?

Q15: How Woollen clothes keep us warm in winter?

Q16: What is the Relation between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales?

Q17: What is the unit of heat?

a. C.G.S. unit of heat is Calorie.

b. The M.K.S. or S.I. unit of heat is Joule

1 calorie equals 4.18 or 4.2 joules approximately.

Q18: What are the factors on which the quantity of heat absorbed or given out by a substance during a thermal
change depends?

Q19: State similarities between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.

Q20: Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just one thick
piece of clothing.

Q21: In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.

Q22: How heat and temperature of substance are related to each other.

Q23: State differences between laboratory thermometer and clinical thermometer.

Q24: Define specific heat.

Q25: What you should choose in winter one thick blanket or two thin blankets joined together? And why?

Q26: What is thermal equilibrium?

Q27: Which property of liquids is used in making thermometer?

Q28: What are the different temperature scales used? What are the relations among them?

Long Q&A:
Q1: Explain different thermometer scales?
Q2: Explain laboratory and clinical thermometer along with their function, and uses.