JLPT (JAPANESE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TEST) MADE EASY AN IDEAL BOOK FOR THOSE APPEARING FOR JLPT LEVELS 3 & 4 WITH COLOUR COOING FOR KANJI BY THE LEVEL _f ere a :JLPT (JAPANESE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TEST) MADE EASY Prem Motwani & Noriko Nasukawa Sterling Paperbacks SSTERLING PAPERBACKS An imprint of Sterling Publishers (P) Ltd. A-59, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. Tel: 26387070, 26386209; Fax: 91-1 1-26383788 E-mail: mail@sterlingpublishers.com ghai@nde.vsn1.net.in www.sterlingpublishers.com JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) Made Easy © 2010, Prem Motwani & Noriko Nasukawa ISBN 978-81-207-4441-7 All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the original publisher. Printed and Published by Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110 020.PREFACE ILis a popular myth that Japanese Language is difficult for foreigners to learn. It is essentially because Japanese orthography is a unique mixture of three scripts, Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji, making it a Herculean task to master even for the Japanese. However, Japanese grammar and pronunciation are not necessarily very difficult. This book follows an all grammar approach aiming at providing the reader ‘sound grounding in basic grammar in a short span of time (approximately 100 to 125 hours), while still laying maximum emphasis on conversational skills. Further, in order to facilitate self-study, the book contains many annotations, drills with a key to solutions, new vocabulary in each chapter and comes with an audio-CD of the entire text. A complete index has also been provided for easy reference both from English as well as Japanese. Moreover, an appendix containing classified vocabulary on a wide variety of subjects has been provided to enable further in-depth study. Sentences and phrases that are most commonly used by the Japanese in daily life have been selected, based on the long experience of the authors of teaching Japanese to foreigners. In sum, elementary and intermediate Japanese have been condensed into one and hence the scope of this book is not limited to the casual learner or traveler to Japan, but it should prove to be 4 good stepping stone for those who wish to build a sound base for handling the language in both written and spoken situations without any outside guidance. *About this book The All Roman Version of ‘Teach Yourself Japanese’ by the authors was published over 10 years ago and is still being used widely by students of Japanese the world over and on popular demand now a Japanese version is being published with some additions for those who can read Hiragana and Katakata, have working knowledge of Kanji, and are preparing for the JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) especially Levels 3 & 4. lo enable such students read the Kanji, reading of all the Kanji appearing in the text has been indicated alongside in Kana (Furigana). In addition, complete list of Kanji by their levels and four-color print coresponding to the four levels of the JLPT have been used for ease of identification. The authors express their indebtedness to Mr. Prasad Bakre and Mr. Vineet Jain in readying the final soft copy of this Japanese version, which would not have been possible without their expertise.Pronunciation + — See the syllabary chart, * — Japanese has no stress accent like in English. Each syllable is given equal stress but it has a high-low pitch system. * There are 5 syllables in Japanese and a is pronounced as ah, i as ec, u as 00, e as eh and o as oh. * The consonants are k, s, sh, t, ch, ts, h, f, m, 1, g, j, z, d, b and p. Except n, there is no single consonant in Japanese. All consonants are either a combination of one consonant and one short vowel or double consonant or a short vowel. * The } is frequently silent at the end of a word as in “Cdand > + Compare k and® KI, LM andl. Color Coding This book provides a unique four color coding corresponding to the four levels of the JLPT (Japanese Languge Profiency Test) + #®lue) denotes Level 4 * i (Creon) denotes Level 3 (sf (Brown) denotes Level 2 © ak Red) denotes Level 1How to use this book Read each chapter carefully taking note of finer grammatical details given in each lesson. Attempt ‘Try these’ before proceeding on to the next part or chapter. Use ‘Key to solutions’ only as the last resort. Vocabulary used in each chapter has been given at the end of the same. Memorizing the vocabulary is the most important aspect of language learning. Preferably revise the previous few chapters before attempting a new one, Counting, classifiers, adjectives, conjugation of verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs have been included in the Appendices (Part I), but study them carefully when you encounter them for the first time, About the Audio CDs Audio CDs contain only the basic lessons from Chapter | to 54 and greetings in Japanese. Always listen to the audio tape first when attempting a new chapter. Serial number of sentences in each lesson has been said in Japanese we te A ie, > (for 1), —(for 2), = (for 3) and so on. For counting, see Appendices Part I. In case there are 2 options in a sentence such as affirmative and negative forms (latter in brackets), only the first option has been included in the Audio-CDs.Syllabry Chart List of bat Fa] Sieelasry [ae RE] ON | eoLST OF dear Yilala iil Pep) Ble lt] o Alka} ¥ | ki} 7 | ku] 7 | ke| =| ko Y]saj ¥ jshi] A | su} | se] Y} so # |ta| F chil Y |tsu] F | te} b | to Final = {ni} X | mu} % | ne} 7 | no {ha} E [ hi} 7 | ful « | he] # | ho vm] = {mil A | ml 2X | me] =| mo ¥ {val (2)|@| = | yu | (=) ()| a | yo 7 \|ral YU [ri] v |ru; v | re| 2] ro D | wa | (4)}G) | (%) | u) | (2) (e) | 7 | 0 YinKanji Chart 3% was (2845) BS Hi RAPE Ee edo ay fp |S ee ai STE rE EE TE Te Terre(284%) 3k WFR f v Pere PSA rm ia al es BEE eer Sa |S 2 REE EAE rl pe fe eA fm __dN> Rr Fe I Pee * MNRFCAMORFTHSCCERT. Note: The characters marked with a” are Level 4 KanjisI 15 16 1G 8 19 20) 21 2 3 a 25 20 27 28 29 0 4 32 Contents DESU Cy \)-Adjectives 7p-Adjectives Verbs (1) Verbs (2) C Form of Verbs Adverbial Form of Adjectives and Nouns Wanting something Capability Form Simultaneous Actions Easy To ~, Difficult To ~ ER Before: ~ ‘AIIC’, After:~'A%b’ Plain Form Bb I think that ;~ & veo It is said that :~7 EVWYET* ~Is saying that~:" CWO CWE! Called, Known as ~:Noun+ + EV5’ When, At the time of :~ + &* Cause /, Reason: ‘226’, ‘OC’ Although: *@(c* Intend To: ‘OH 9 CT! May, Might : *29% LavkttA" Just about to; ‘~k 2A CH’ Have made it a point, Have Decided To Has been decided : = & (2720 ELI Sometimes: ‘2 EMMY ET: Experience Non-consecutive Action A particular condition remaining unaltered : *~ &' Advice Obligation Permission in negative AnNkBwWYWNNH NORDSeMEREAGIGH RL wn oo RBA BSRELSRBSRARBMI 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 3k 52, 53 54 JLPT Made Easy Request in negative Permission Prohibition Without Whether or not Some useful grammatical expressions Called ~~ £\\5' The fact that Seemsto:'~29 CH' '~L5GH! Hear-Say: ‘~€9 CS" Foreign Words Some other applications of +k 4‘ Passive Form Causative Form Causative Passive Form ; Is made to~ Auxiliary Verbs Compound Verbs Part I: Give, receive as an independent Verb Part II : Give, Receive as an auxiliary Verb Transitive / Intransitive Verbs Respective Language Conditional Form Extensions of Interrogative Words Relative Pronoun L To Know : 2ASS/MS A Simplified Method of Learning Japanese Verbs Appendices Index 109 IL 115 117 120 122 126 128 132 134 140 144 149 152 154 161 164 168 171 174 183 190 194 196 198 202 285(Pronounced as ‘des’) 1 DESU Ct Lesson iE tL Vn Aes. -This is a book. Bh, 2. nik ACTA -Is that a book? is, 5 CH. -Yes, it is. WWA, CIC HY RTA, -No, it isn’t. BA 3. Chik ACE HOECA, -This isn’t a book. aA 4. chit ACL SYK -Isn’t this a book? (Av 5. bnds ACTA -Is that also a book? ths 6. cI (PSTD -What is this? (enti) A—bhCT. -(That is) a notebook. BA 7 Chik HCPA 7—-hCTAL -Is this a book or a notebook? WEA (tiit) ACT. -(That is) a book. bEL BA 8 =chik BO AST. -This is my book. 9, Shik REO 2—b SHA. -It that your notebook? oe 10. cHuIk GED 7—bCH2 — -Whose notebook is this?JLPT Made Easy fete (tnity WPSLO (2—b) SH, -(That is) Mr. Tanaka’s (notebook). bEL Ll. Eas LO (4—b) CHP, -Which is mine? (my notebook) BA tLe 12, oak AC. Shik NES, -This is a book, and that is a dictionary. a5 FORGO Lit wk OO 13. 40k AWA, BRA tk Jka CTs -Today is Monday, and tomorrow is Tuesday. gad due ey 14. FAS TC, ARIE KATH, -Today is a working day, and tomorrow is a holiday. Grammar DAs anemevs That one over there PED cere ere Which These are demonstratives in Japanese and are always followed by subject particle (in case of interrogative demonstrative, always 75). Their use depends on the distance of the object from the speaker. CF vee crws oe 18, 806 It is the copula and always used at the end of a sentence after a noun oradjective (see Chapter 2 ). Negative form of Gt" is *GlE bY Barn, Two sentences ending with noun+’ "G+" are joined by converting “CF* into Gr, Particles (all particles in Japanese are post positional) (i / 28 These are subject particles and each subject in a sentence must be followed by *t&* (+ 2%" is used for more emphasis as in case of interrogative words as subject), By eee as ae alsoDEsU CF It replaces subject particle *{t’ or * Be, Ds. ranavpaars ‘s (possessive) It is always used between 2 nouns where the former modifies the latter bEL Ki eg. /\® (mine), ili (whose) Noun following ‘®* may be dropped if the object in question is in front of the speaker and listener or known by both. TS! sieges wee interrogative particle An interrogative sentence must end in *2>" . ‘Try these I: 1 caik CTA. wt WRI f FE / bie - BY t9th “WW, 9 CUL BY ETA, iti 2. €hit. QD ta Cra, DEL ore Rh dintc / EL / BRARSA / ill teh 3. brik ora, Che vA, Lede eit f Ha 7 | 7 ert 4. Dat. CTD CHD. lEX Cla / WRG “vv4 JLPT Made Easy Other demonstratives: (id) this place (td) that place HEX (WE) — that place (over there) Yo (A) where (which place) Note: This set of demonstratives is exclusively used for place and their application is same as ‘dur Shy vate 0 EN", except that the noun used is also invariably related to a place, ‘crt - This is an (the) office. * xk be ved, - That is the toilet. RA * HELI (ttm, - What is that place? At ° PIE ya-—oil CHa, - Where is SONY’s shop? 2. 256 - this way, this side ebb ~ that way, that side bbb ~ there, over there ¥YBS - where, which side Note: This set of demonstratives is primarily used for direction and their application is same as above mentioned two sets of demonstratives, This set has wider application such as it can be used in place of * = =", “€5", EE", opr , but in such a case this set is more polite, and it can be used for introducing a person Pointing towards the direction he/she is sitting or standing or when asking or showing the direction to a senior Person. e bts LEE THM, ~ Where is the toilet? (Which side) -bbb5 Ct, - Over there, (255/%5b) (this side/that side) PRE © <25bi% WHAACH, ~ This side is Mr. Yamada, (466/Hbb) (that side/over there) ® 205 - thisDESU CF 5 ED ~ that bn - that one over there ¥D - which one Note : This set of demonstratives has exactly same meaning as ‘71’, ‘eh, \tv', ‘Av! except that this set must be followed by a noun and then particle ‘#i! ox ‘#8’ as the case may be. BA DEL BW © 2M AIL (0 ACTH. -This book is mine. (my book) dt, ° FQ tate REE © bO Jb WINSAD (56) CHA, - Is that house over there Mr. Yamada’s(house)? Ds ae © ED BE HRD (#) CTH -Which one is your umbrella? Kh ata. EO iy) “A, - Whose bag is that? Try these II : 1. BeBe CTD, Risa 5 HPEAD 5b / <1, SCH 2 sel “WAR (ESI) Gi HORTA, (ccd) ae aoe 5 ie Ctee BRED 56 / ROK /asAT 2, Zi Crs We Voy) VARFY ME tty 3. Htxik, Mora, - (Hert) Ch. < ae bm POLS 2 LR / EO Bee 4, Yo ss Cth, Es bf eRe Th J NEEL J SAT6 JLPT Made Easy Vocabulary (US AM) 56 .... MeTanaka’s house you -. ball point pen PSANG ssciivcin samcorennes bus stop telephone depaitment store station, pencil yes book no chair . dictionary airport bag .. company - camera car . class room . market ++ notebook -+ what . pen . festaurant so .» Super marketDESU GF newspaper cigarette TV. watch, clock bit Fe at Be watchmaker table, desk reception counter vegetable store magazine2 Adjectives ee ss—s—S (1) “ADJECTIVES Lesson or lL 2k Bvvey, -This is cheap. 2. EAL wrod. -That is good. AD 3. Sit rs) wed, -That is (little) old. Mt SE 4. ERM Bwerr, -Which one is cheap? Kivek Ste 5. Col (KE) Byes, -This place is (very) cold. vA 6 Erik Kiwoeer, -That place is spacious. , WEIEA eas 7. Sex (-B) Beet, -That place is (most) expensive. ab LA 8 YO MaVetp, -Which place is interesting? idAL 5 ere 9 COA, (PL) MLYYGH, — -This bookis slightly difficult. ne wE 10. ZOMENL, Hevved, -That room is small.-Adjectives 9 SBE ihe I. SOW, VCS. -That car is fast. ait he 12. HOW, Kvveta. -Which bag is light? Negative form : Last ‘V? turns into ‘< weve eT lL. Cat (bE 9) 4> 7’. Ll. HEH, MPoKCT. -That place was expensive. Rae tae 2 Howdy, Mrokty, -That car was fast. Past Negative form: Last ‘v’ turns into ‘< 727272’, ha tet 1. DORM, HLS ROOTS. -This book wasn’t difficult, tp 2. HED BS wePoKetT, -That place wasn’t expensive. Conjunctive form: (joining two \-adjectives that complement each other) ‘'” of the preceding adjective turns into ‘< "C’. ne 0S ay 1. 22 (fo MA) B. a< ct Hower -This place (this room) is spacious and bright. hi ye 2. bHtL (HO VARY) te AKT FIR Dy -That place (that restaurant) is expensive and unpalatable.10 JLPT Made Easy Probability form: “C4” turns to“CL & 5’. bo 1 4y’ Fit BvvClr 5. -India must be hot. tZIEAY Rip a 2 ARIE HPOKTLED, -Japan must have been expensive, Grammar: There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. V)-adjectives are so at eS called as they invariably end in vowel + ‘VY C#2U., HEV. etc.) The other type does not have a fixed ending, and are called 72- adjectives. To be more precise, adjectives that do not end in vowel + eB DSO wary Babyy ki “VY (exceptions OO. 46. tab, RHR, FES) are 72-adjectives. They are so called as particle ‘72’ must be added between adjective and the noun. Additional exceptions: 38H by 1. “KEV big) SV) (small) These are so called adjectives but colloquially, can also take * 7? when followed by a noun. BP sic perc) Depth bE '& Sweet > Sweetness i 2& Spicy > Spiciness Bitter — Bitterness ” (i L& Difficult > Difficulty @£L& Kind > Kindness bie lig& Sleepy > Sleepiness Be EL & Tasty — Tastiness zy (lle& Unpalatable + Unpalatableness 3X Good (Tasty) — Goodness (tastiness) ii High > Height Us 4& Low (Short) > Lowness (Shortness) #S 4.& Circular > Circularity bi» 113 & Bright Brightness Darkness by yp& & Small > Smallness BR KES Big > Bigness BE i& Heavy — Heaviness DS “eS Light > Lightness Aah fe& Long > LengthAUAs ir han LY ate dB LW DALY ditty He Davv su feyy ao bee LY mk YS kb 59V. Apis bS HEV Wy “hub (EFI ze Bh, lize ut ifdrtR Daze JLPT Made Easy Near — Nearness & Far — Farness a Ud» ®i& Short — Shortness ko “SUL& Pleasant — Pleasantness date ARLE Sad > Sadness D#UL& Happy > Happiness drt e2s& Warm — Warmth si “<& Cold > Coldness au lkL& Strict > Strictness 2k i288 Strong > Stregth ki Se Weak — Weakness @PDPWE Cute > Cuteness 3 J Bad Badness i FL& Good > Goodness shy (26S Convenient + Convenience 7 Busy > Business eee MLS Simple > Simplicity 6 ¥9 (24S Complicated —» Complicatedness i iR%* Deep — Depth be 4 Sweet > Sweetness bb ‘¢4sHot (Spicy) > Hotness (Spiciness)| “Adjectives 13 teat teat yy tid Bitter > Bitterness DEW 3% Tasty > Tastiness Bb Bb HAUS iiJx Heavy > Heaviness kM ho AL 7-Pleasant — Pleasure bute Lie ARLA Sad > Sadness 2S Bb ALYY 3.4 Round > Roundness art dich Hezavy 222% Warm > Warmth 2k we oY ‘2% Strong > Strength kb Eb ayy 592. Weak —» Weakness v= VEZ. Great/Terrible > Greatness/Terribleness Adverbs: KRWoA Fo ‘brook’, ke, “> V are some of the adverbs used in affirmative AREAL, sentences while ‘é )’ and ‘ 4, White sentences. ‘~~j{y’ is used for the superlative degree. are mostly used in negative Try these: 1, cH CH. gt Lif kv 2. dab ~¢F, (make past tense) ci 2b RE BW (URTEVY AVS 3, €rltk SEY th. bb bP bo MLW fs WY EDD AREA 4 wONOMSE CTs nb 1 zp (make past negative) EW Ek Lis i 5. 6D ee havik er BVI4 JLPT Made Easy 6. “ERs Pre BSR Weds, -Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? “FED FA wer, -I prefer coffee, bars ce 2 Hire Sa-a-7L Ypoy KEWCTA, -Which one is bigger, ‘Tokyo or New York? 12> ase TE KEWCH, -Tokyo is bigger (than New York), & (]2-8-75b)5 he ine RE EBS veda, -Which is faster, airplane or Shinkansen? (bullet train) Or5a Ee) BEAK ARTO TT78 Hey, ~ Of course, airplane is faster, 2. Comparison of more than two things: (EMAS Wiv+esdys) 1. a-k—L (& Ya-2n -Which do you prefer, ins coffee, tea or juice? We Liss WW eTay, -Yar-Aae®s wet, -I prefer juice, icine . 2 HAGEL Ena WbitK wp (-#®) BELIeray, -Which is (most) difficult, Japanese, English or French? h EB) RELISH, ~Japanese is (most) difficult,( -Adjectives 15 Vocabulary Bou... bE... HEIR @ks Fat Lo’ ssinsamneanis wwaree ns new bo BW sis bb : little English French old language fast room airplane 0% JEU. ares ciwaieswrensinn spacious Be DES ascesscece xneevers eanercnaieiein thin WIA PRE since eNews «+ good +» juice most . tea RUN, sscvivseranwonncnitt iene unpalatable RDB csc sinnnawess of course16 JLPT Made Easy Japanese (language) New York delicious ee cold (weather) 410 nia ohnve psaemrer are eswtice small, cramped ads eS ERNE Wyeth eorceesactan slightly3 (2) 72-Adjectives Lesson Eats ane L fhe whos. -She is beautiful. bn ane ts 2 fhrt Sie LECT. -He is good at English. av te oe 3, his FR ACY. -He is a flamboyant person. in Le 4 cc Wile Jepres. -This is a convenient place. Negative form: 7p-adjectives have same conjugation as noun + “CF as in Lesson | ie, CF is always conjugated. DOLE eh 1 @RIX HBEO HEC SOKA, -She is not so beautiful. dau dey teat 2 his # aaat LECL SYVETA, - He is not good at English. Past tense: “C3” turns to “GC Le” Dh Rew Lato 1 kik KE HUCLIE. -He was very kind. DOE Welk oo | 2 thei PRC Lie. -She was not good at Japanese. Past negative form: ‘C3? turns to“ Cit HY EVA CLR’.18 JLPT Made Easy MAUL IV L bo AI (Q&) HACE SY RCA TCL, -That person was not famous (at all). : 2. SECM (HEY) fC HOKLATLE, -That place was not (so) quiet. Probability form: ‘C3’ turns to “GLE 3’. beh Q lL SESH FERCLES, -That place must be inconyenient. IIBAUA LAO 2. AARAPE MOICLa 5. -You must have found Japanese to be polite. Conjunctive form: “C4” turns to “C’. ie. “C’ is used between two adjectives. Notes: If \ \-adjective and 7t-adjective are to be joined, they are joined with “ (to eat), a (to see), 4h 4) & (to alight), ‘ i 5 &° (to borrow), “7% 4’ (to give up), ‘VS’ (to be) ete. ‘Type 3: There are only two verbs in this category, namely “3° %’ (to do) and ‘fe %’ (to come). They are placed in a separate category as they follow different conjugation than type 1 verbs. ‘Ed? form All verbs must be put in‘ Et” form, specially in the spoken language as it is the polite form, & BS’ > ‘RET ‘ fis %” (to get up) > * fk kv Type 1: Convert last‘) ’into ‘VY’ and add ‘&3” exceptions: k te NED(to stand) > woes tae ina 3 (to speak) > eLES30 JLPT Made Easy ‘Type 2: Drop final ‘3’ and add Sa & k eg. ERS’ >) aes? & # ‘WLS > ‘hey 8 B ‘& B’ (to get up) -> ‘kek Type 3: Since it has special form, it must be remembered by heart. eg. ‘Teh’ > “Gee oka > oe Once $F form is obtained negative, past and past negative can be easily obtained as described in the lesson Particles: “~(¢): directional particle (implies the direction) i a eg FRET, be Jbo~ Moet, = Zon ket, tC: time particle (when specifying time) & e.g.) 2IFIZ (at 2 o'clock) thet {nJFX= (at what time) %: direct object particle (used after the noun which is the direct object of a verb) iBAy Dr egxre KLE, File Beet, Adverbs: EE: (not yet) The verb following it must always be put in the negative form as it implies that an action has not yet taken place. However it is also used in affirmative sentences, eg. ‘~tk EECH (nis yet to be done)Verbs 31 (hE AHL: 1) (hardly, almost never) It is mostly used in negative sentences. t LEAL RECA TLE, -I hardly ate anything. 2) (almostall) It can also be used in affirmative sentences. z RENE HARK. -Lhave almost eaten (finished) all. b 3:1) (already) When used in affirmative (past) sentences. & b> RELA -(1) have already eaten. be bd } 7D 2 L7e -(He) has already gone back. 2) (no longer) When used in negative sentences t bb RETA -() will not eat any longer. * bh FFERCA -(1) will not go any longer. b > Type 1: 435 (to meet), 12% (to sell), ie < - keep) se % (to send), at + {kp (to rest, to take a holiday), {it (to live), i < (to walk), & £ Bd BA < (to ask, to listen), eds (to read), |. 5 (to think) bt BS BL 54UD (to forget), 1241.4 (to be ins, PLA (to teach), a 2: BIE ae % (to receive), ii xB (to cone tec % (to throw away), = te ‘°B (to wear), {7 9 4 (to borrow), me US (to feet), i: 9 © (to suffice) ALLO beinw Type 3: wit! TS(to practice), RS B (to guide), 7“ ATS (to wate /% (to zerox), z Fer (to worry), ii FS (to dance), 2 E ie wash cthes), 4 - % (to drive)rt JLPT Made Easy try these; lL 12IP ES Et, ‘ ie BL weirs MAB RUA CLE. BATA ALS ap WTS HATS 1 Metp 3. (fill in the blank with appropriate verb) ita THe ET, SAP ET. TRA FRE Rv. LASA ie 25 aria BEE Es. 5 OR Hee ET. as Wi aT. EAS AAA Ty Vocabulary to study ++ Movie about 30 minutes » to work +. togo to go back to returnVorbs shopping ; to write - from ork to marry . to come . from now on till every morning . every night HEA cists oun RAR AICO A everyday Fa FED crs mms ownneenne to watch Japanese rice wine to do homework at WRERED sexrmewaie cece ++. tohave a break Sea cecerniatensiexcee ences throughout6 ‘T Form of Verbs a Lesson 1) Present continuous form bEL WE CAtyR ae L Rit 4S FRe HV TWEET, -lam writing a letter now. Pe EAPC, -I live in Tokyo at present, bEL + PE {EAT CWA, -'m no longer living in Tokyo, Mh hota HL REL CWE, -He is married. htt IEA CLs & FREIL AAGHO wyr kde FIOTWES, -My teacher has a good Japanese language dictionary. MOE RO Rik ETS Hoctws We ~She is learning the piano. PEE ‘ts WHE AE Ho CWE, -Do you know Mr. Yamada? ce 2) Making a request: “C-form of verb + Fay 1 2. teteds z Se HAAR Ae Fas W, — -Please call Mr. Tanaka. ibe Ae + > LTJLPT Made Easy Buc (to write) is VG (to take off) ts T (to stand) if 2 T (to get on) fio TC (to buy) ee (to die) Ska, °C (to drink) iv “S (to fly) tae ni LC (to speak) “es Re ““T (to eat) S SAT (to see) UT (to do) = 3ET (to come) 1. Convert the following into present continuous form. w ew > ea vO > 1B > 5 4 ca + Kis a é AS = ihe a ae ‘Type 2 verbs drop “%’ and add & eg.) ERA > a WLS => Type3 verbs +3 ~ & HS = Try these: by & RA ED 3 + pies Be, eopita MG DIS, ta mS Bee 5, EAL ani AR as > Lae BLS tht, (to rain) (to feel hungry) (to wear specs) (to pay money) (to search for a book) (to take a day off)37 © Form of Verbs ote 2, Convert the following into “CF &’ and ce ‘Cc OF &vYettA AY forms. Boe “Wi 4. (study more) eR Ate IRS. (return the book) Lee tor {Be FID. (help in work) CAR GRE D4. (switch on the light) bd he LS. (wash one’s hands) daith, » ae fi, (hold the bag) Vocabulary b WROET oc cceeeeeeees . » take (a shower) UE SAR yeu.7 Adverbial Form of Adjectives and Nouns — Lesson 1) \-adjectives - (last ‘V’ turns to < ”) +. verb (appropriate form) Beito bo L RAD Reyer, -Next month onwards, it will become hot. 895 ah eit 'RHDG AYUYR 10K eA * Lic. -Since yesterday petrol has become expensive by 10 yen. Ts ey ce 3 DL BS LTFAWERAD, -Would you kindly make it little cheaper? ako i se 4. PMLWGSIE DL me SUS Le, -My new house is little farther, 2) 72-adjectives and nouns-add (2 between adjective /noun and verb. IEA csr L (SRM AKBS bE Fiz ROVELEA, -Your Japanese has become good. ur base (convert the verb into “3” form and drop ‘E3”) + SREY Note: This form is used only in case of first and second person. bEL bee << ox ay 1 PME PPLE Wvfeured, -I want to buy a new car.Wanting Something 41 ar 2 KE tap ENV EH e -I want to have water. BAL mn 3 LOA BWwrie< Bwets. -I don’t want to buy this book. a ita 4 VAR OACE) BD Were uveyas, Beas bok, -I want to buy a house, but I have no money. 5. PUPA) MN NWkboktTe, 7-T7ra —F—-La» HY KA CLE. -I wanted to buy a radio tape recorder, but only a tape recorder was available. bo a» 6. cA Miic< emokA CHA, -I didn’t want to buy such a thing, but... i 3) Noun +& KLM o TET EF base + EBOTWE +” in case of verbs Note: This form is used only in case of second and third person. dbkE
op» » eH Woh (Wok) tt. 3 YOLELED, — ¥OLKEA (LEO) CHa,44 JLPT Made Easy Demonstratives LAR - this type (kind) thik - that type (kind) bhrg - that type (kind) UR ~- What type (kind) 1. Always followed by a noun and its use is as under: IBA - CARRIE WO KUEA, -I don’t need such (type of) book. Lee - EA the LEA, -What type of work are you doing? 2. The above set of demonstratives has yet another usage where it is followed by particle ‘I<’ and is mostly used in a negative sentence or at least has a negative connotation. In this case, its meaning is ‘to this extent’, ‘to that extent,’ ‘to what extent” bp bp - EAT GWA GED) +A, ~Is it that far? bis toi ~ CAR IPoKA GRO KO) Ctra, -(I did not know that) it was so close. *bO’*= &?: Abstract nouns “%@” can replace any noun implying any physical thing and ‘=. /? can replace any abstract noun. bo 1 eg) -~CAMR MIL RL< ABV StH, -I don’t want such a thing, beEL “EMIX EAR Lee LEA, -I don’t do such a thing.Wanting Something 45 ‘Lry these: Translate the following into English. bEL 1k L fk “Aves KLIOCT, DEL Bb je 2 FE KEV DADS MLS BWC. ph me Pr 3. PEE WC MO BoT WHT. etc WL 4 Eh (Re BV RBOTUET. (son) (doctor) bree & 5 Ghib EE BAERS aw CT. Vocabulary radio cassette recorder .. tape recorder9 CAPABILITY FORM ee ee ee eS ce 1) Noun + ‘AS tH2K S? Used in case of possessing a special skill. bre <8 L ft ayvea—2a8 HIKES, -1can handle computer. (I know computer.) poe Edd ce 2. tees PMS Heer A, -She can not cook. ee > ce 3, HRCI WEA HORE TD, -Can you play baseball? cx 2) Verb + ‘= E DSHIES? RL 08 L Bik BYSILM MEW, — -I cannot dance. D5 2 KFA @okL & atc oe BL Tere Eanes Gee -Yesterday I could finally talk to my friend on phone. tpt o250 ae ce 3 FR (PS DERB MEERA CLA, We bese Gk EF ROELA, -Earlier I could not cook, but now I’m quite good at it. 3) Alternative capability form for Type I Verbs Note: For type 2 and 3 verbs either ‘= mH a %’ form or passive form can be used. (For passive form, see the relevant chapter). Change last ‘5’ of the verb to ‘~’ and add “J” (exception: 2 > “C)Capability Form AT ‘This form always takes particle “2%” before the verb. bt 3 hee 3 teober a a» 5 > WAS 3 MART ae Bs Note: Type 1 verbs, when changed to alternative capability form become type 2 verbs, as they end in UR? DEL a EAA @ ® LFA ERS AR DEAE. [ML] -I can not drink alcohol at all. bEL KAS ee eR 33 2 Eid AAERS DLLo aA, [ak FD] -I can speak only a little Japanese. beL fb iL 3. sox LES, [( 2S)] -[canrun 10 kilometers. 4) V-adjective + capability form: change ‘VY to Hoe + capability form Note: If the verb is type 1 verb, always use the alternative capability form, te and in case of type 2 and 3 verbs, either use *C & 281138’ or passive form. SBE rt a» bP L =O Mk HSC WAKA, (2) -This car is expensive and hence I can not buy it. <2 bw te 2 2O Wik DEST JR REA, -This shoe is small and hence I can not wear it. Ms BE t mre OT FCRHTA. -This luggage is heavy and hence I can not carry it. ite & ce 4 20 Wik WK CT RXSTER HKETA, -This meat is hard, hence I can not eat it.48 JLPT Made Easy 5) 7R-adjective + capability form: add “G’ between adjective and verb + capability form. beL ae 1 FAIL WHOS PAC Pate mer LDS ce Hi 4b AL. -Tlike alcohol and hence just can not give it up. Lee ah ce 2 6D fe FEES HBR ERA, -This job is dangerous and hence I can not do it. Note: C& “HD EF” is an independent verb which also means ‘can do something’. eg) Area eR Heep - Can you handle computer? - HY, HpRET. - Yes, I can. -WWA, HDR SAEA, - No, I can't Grammar; Particle ‘“C’: instrumental = & eg. FE CEAS’ (eat with hand) D PA CIR” (go by bus) Particle ‘+: with baer & pat (speak with) “ = as (go with) fa & #5 (sleep with) Try these: Translate the following into Japanese. 1. Ican drive.Capability Form 49 2. Ican not speak Japanese. tei vie (AAR a) oe 3. Ican play golf. (Noun+ 2 HDR ET) 4. can not swim. (Make alternative capability form) pe (&K<) 5. Ican not write kanji (Make alternative capability form) » GES) 6. Itis far and hence I can not go. ee we Gav) (4T<) 7. Idislike sushi hence I can not eat it. e> t (RV) (&4) to wear shoes / pants etc. hard computer <5 My ori pease a shoes tol A sara avelewsiw Cathier FED IRD « not easily WES ccrossieeusmeree enges baseball10 SIMULTANEOUS ACTIONS Seema ‘EF? base of first verb + ‘7228 5? Note: Usually the latter action is more important. L. AB £ A oft tk 1 BRS BAAS CMe RAET, -Ihave my breakfast while readin; ig Newspaper. ds wil = BKK Se GEARS jill LET, -While driving, [listen to music. Leet i it re 3 ELEM G HLELES, -Let’s talk while having the food. bb ae Bhatt 4. KERBE BRET, -I think while walking. 05 US alte z rE bore faze 5. WPA OMe RBH (ko “gee WE Lik. -Yesterday we talked about business while having our lunch, ty these: Combine the following using ‘723’ form. ¥ L FAAPI—AR Rwy ih Fat Xx igs Ab ie 2 MES RS) BE DIS bh Leste ie 3. PLB iit Ftre aSimultaneous Action 51 oO 4 2-e~-e iy Ook . 5 CF +e BSI Re KI Vocabulary FA ABYSS sssnss . icecream bd Fe EO accpescscaseaniares Ene to walk ieee ee oor aes are talk . to play (a string instrument) lunch to make (a call) to think to lie down business/work11 EASY TO, DIFFICULT TO Se ‘ET base of verb + OFVY (easy to) or “12 < VY’ (difficult to) Note: Since both these expressions end in vowel + ‘V Y, they are conjugated like V \-adjective. wo Lo LD IE ASOT SHA, -Is this medicine easy to take? D (WW, BED BACHE < wey, -No, it is not so easy to take. &WaA » 2 Roly Av Pa eR NyOe+< AO ELE, -Of late, computer has become affordable. (easy to purchase) DE ite 3. SOA BRLIE< vet, -That person is a hard nut to crack. (difficult to talk to) i 4 BDOVALIYO AF—-HlE FRI RCP. ~Steak in that restaurant was not very good, (difficult to eat) ‘Try these: At & rth iets) (is difficult to read) BE fee 2 bOAD jifiltCbs4) , (was difficult to understand)Lavy To, Difficult To 53 » 3 DOcyvik GEC) . (is not so easy to write with) w0 ce 4 LIE fesipas UMS) (is easy to rot) IED » te 5 HSA GRAD), WERE (8S). (is easy to eat) (is difficult to eat) Vocabulary12 2x BEFORE: Dictionary Form of Verb Bill] AFTER: T Form of Verb 25 ee vesson Last wa c be Se L REPSHIC Fe Yot Faw. -Please wash your hands before having your meal. v bb Lage ce 2 Fe HotmS BELT Fav. -Please have your meal after washing your hands, Ch DEL = ec 3. He DIITHH Fo # KC Fav, ~Come to my room after having made the call. DEL ne < . Chb 4 EO ie KSA Hae Dee sv, ~Make the call before coming to my room. rammar: ‘22 SV: ordering form (used by senior to junior) iF" beses RAW as > GSREV (getup) tb > EO ZS (sit down) x > RREW (come) WEED > WO LAS) (study)fiefore : Dictionary Form of Verb 55 ivy these: Make both the forms with the following pairs. wi eo DQ Woe} vw pale tie) FRO F (drink milk) (go to school) < di Lace b 2 #He FE / veU—-e WUS (have food) (take a shawer) AhELD at 3 (RTS / deS (study) (play) 0 oO Ey be tts 1 12% (take medicine) (go to bed) The it tk < 5. Bak Wr 7 Ak WS (switch off light) (go out)3 PLAIN FORM So far we have focussed our attention on “C3” ‘4 forms or the so called polite or formal style. Since from here on we will be trying our hand at more complex sentences, we need to study the plain form. To be more precise, when an adjective or a verb comes in between a sentence, it needs to be put in the plain form and the adjective or verb coming at the end of the same sentence in the “C3” or £4” form as uptil now. Moreover plain form is also commonly used in informal conversation as between friends, colleagues, husband and wife, parent - child, etc. However, at the same time whole text is also written in plain form such as in newspapers, magazines, thesis etc. Study the following plain forms of “C-}? and verbs before proceeding further. £2 dictionary — /-form 72\-form 729 f-form form form (past) negative) (past negative) or Te: Lok Sid CRD 2 He b w b , w Typel f7Te ES F< fiok TPR FPR Do tae tate tiie bie fae Verbs WH LED ft RL AEA BS Adore a 2 ia Type2 HET BS TEV FEAR DOF 3 Verbs HERP HE Typee3 LET +H a * < Verbs KET & B HER HERDoOK Liev Lito KRW Riot Note: Dictionary form of ‘72? adjectives and nouns is adj/noun +7: Note: There can be another way of obtaining the plain form of verbs.Hlain Form st (lype 3 verbs are exceptional and hence must be remembered by heart.) form Change the last ‘~~’ of ~C -form into ‘45’ (In case of type 2 verbs, simply drop ‘3’ and add ‘7<’) ’\.form (type 1 verbs) Change the last ‘9 ’ in the dictionary form of verb into ‘d>’ and add ‘72’. (In case of type 2 verbs simply drop ‘%” and add ‘#2V’) (Lixceptions to type 1 verbs) O75 + 78 * In case of verbs ending in vowel + ‘3’ suchas ‘i 9’ Bt bs (to buy), ‘1! 5’ (to think), ‘% 4” (to laugh) etc., last ‘ 9” changes to ‘tkwa’ + 28V and ‘é 2’ (arimasu) —> 7 > (arimasen) (Note) ‘22\V.Y form undergoes \ \-adjective like conjugation as it ends in vowel + ‘V’, It is for this very reason that plain past form of verbs as well as “C3? (CHEZRV) becomes ‘Mo? CH’. “222 Te form ; see the Note above.14 BE I THINK THAT: b Bwsés Bb »priate plain form of verb/adjective/noun + & |v Bb MVYET remains the same even if the expression in English n’t think that ~’, In such a case, verb or “C3” preceeding this sion is put in plain negative form. 1 ouns eae te BE cht WHSAD ARE Bayes, -I think this is Mr. Yamada’s book. dt Ry BY PARK tha Chere WET. -I don’t think tomorrow is a holiday. Since subject is quite often omitted in J: apanese, in this kind of ‘e, it usually implies ‘I think that’, unless otherwise mentioned. 7g-adjectives and nouns must always be followed by the tiate form of ‘72 (C-F-). However, in case of adjectives, ‘72° ped altogether. \jectives ay Bb ID AAPL BUS wwke uve.! Think That 59 -I don’t think this camera is new. POC LR Ok ab 2 kit WA REL Boks, -I think she is free tomorrow. BEL ble WE Rd 3. Ek RRA MeChkRwe wk. -I don’t think I am free tomorrow. ') Verbs rd BE 1 FA pat BRSE Wes. -I think (that) it will rain today. EOD tee & Bb 2 WA Res Moke wet. -I think it rained yesterday. xd bd & Bb 3. FH as Povzwe wet. -I think it will not rain today (or) T don’t think it will rain today. =D S Bb 4. HFA AS MoRbokeE Mwkt, -I think it did not rain yesterday. ake ic te Bb 5 ik We Bakmwnk MBwst. -I think he doesn’t eat meat (or) Idon’t think he eats meat. ph -&D5 5 Bb 6 Hit PRADO AF 4k RRMoKE MWET. -I think he did not come for yesterday’s party. mie &05 7. fiik PRADO A-F4—-kK Servint x Bb AWET, -I think he was not there in the party. me LSE Bb & it SF Pe Lewewk wes. -I think he is not working at present. or I don’t think he is doing any work just now.60 JLPT Made Easy Try these; Fill in the blank with the plain form. ietens LR Bb 1 ASAT HAA & Bok, er ABEL) Bb 2 BO Sve Le a ues, CET) ae bb 8, ik Se. & Bw, = CR TWA CLI) £5825 Bb 4. RE & MVVED. ci (TEST) Wve BE 5. f mye 2 Beet. au (Buty) WEL BE 6 KA AI & Buys, UL Se CHA TCH) Vocabulary + to sell, saleable + holiday well