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§ For 𝑚 x 𝑛 matrix A and 𝑛 x 𝑝 matrix B, the product AB is an 𝑚 x 𝑝 matrix.

3 5
𝐵 = −1 7
0 8

2 3 5 2𝑥3 + 3𝑥 −1 + (5𝑥0) 10 + 21 + 40
𝐴= AB =
−2 6 8 −6 + −6 + 0 −10 + 42 + 64
3 71
AB =
−12 96

−4 39 55
BA = −16 39 51
−16 48 64

1. A(B + C) = AB + AC
2.(AB)C = A(BC)
3. k(AB) = (kA)B = A(kB) for scalar k
4.AB ≠ BA

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§ The determinant helps us find the inverse of a matrix, tells us things about
the matrix that are useful in systems of linear equations , calculus and more.
§ The symbol for determinant is two vertical lines either side.
|A| means the determinant of the matrix A(detA)
Example: find the determinant of the following matrices
𝑎 𝑏
1. 𝐴 =
𝑐 𝑑
The determinant is: 𝐴 = +𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
4 6
2. B =
3 8

𝐵 = 4 8 − 6 3 = 14

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For a 3 x 3 matrix:
Basket Method:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝐴= 𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 𝑑 𝑒,
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ

𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑒 𝑖 + 𝑏 𝑓 𝑔 + 𝑐 𝑑 ℎ − 𝑏 𝑑 𝑖 − 𝑎 𝑓 ℎ − 𝑐(𝑒)(𝑔)
Matrix Minor: Using first row
+ − +
− + −
+ − +

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 1,1 = +𝑎 𝑒𝑖 − 𝑓ℎ
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 1,2 = −𝑏 𝑑𝑖 − 𝑓𝑔
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 1,3 = +𝑐 𝑑ℎ − 𝑒𝑔
𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑒𝑖 − 𝑓ℎ − 𝑏 𝑑𝑖 − 𝑓𝑔 + 𝑐(𝑑ℎ − 𝑒𝑔)

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2. Find the determinant matrix A

5 6 7
𝐴= 9 −7 11
25 14 15
detA= (5)(-7)(15)+(6)(11)(25)+(7)(9)(14)-(6)(9)(15)-(5)(11)(14)-(7)(-7)(25)=1652

Using row 1
−7 11
𝑚11 = 5 = +5(−259)
14 15

9 11
𝑚12 = 6 = −6(−140)
25 15

9 −7
𝑚13 = 7 = +7 301
25 14
detA= 1652

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5 6 7 12
9 −7 11 −1
𝐴=
1 −3 7 0
25 14 15 2
Use column 4
9 −7 11
𝑚1,4 = −(12) 1 −3 7 = −12(−1428)
25 14 15

5 6 7
𝑚2,4 = + −1 1 −3 7 = −1(868)
25 14 15

5 6 7
𝑚4,4 = + 2 9 −7 11 = 2(−532)
1 −3 7
detA= -12(-1428)– 1(868)+2(-532)= 15204

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