Let’s now dive into the third
convention in academic writing, which
is forming arguments.
3. Forming arguments.
In creating a well-written essay or
report, which is madalas ay
pinapagawa satin sa mga subjects
especially here in our subject
Purposive Communication. It is
important to ensure that we are
knowledgeable about the topic we are
discussing and have a clear outline in
our heads on how we are going to
deliver it.
At para masabi na naexecute natin ito
nang maayos, we need to observe these
3 ways in making a well written essay
or report.
3.1 Sensible use of paragraphs
First is sensible use of paragraphs
Minsan ay nagcluclutch tayo sating
essay maybe dahil super dami nang
mga gagawin or crammerist lang talga
tayo that’s why minsan hindi na natin
tinatake into consideration kung
connected ba ang mga paragraphs na
ating nagagawa. And if it really answer
the main argument of our essay. It is a
must that we give the different
perspective of our argument but not to
the point na super dami na nating info
na binibitawan na minsan ay nagiging
redundant na lang or irrelevant na yung
mga sentences at paragraphs.
A paragraph deals with just one topic or
major point of an argument relevant to
the essay or report.
The recommended organisation of a
typical paragraph is:
1. opening topic sentence, i.e. main
point given. Madalas ay sa unahan pa
lang ng sentence ay sinasabi na agad
kung ano yung topic or argument
2. explanation of topic sentence. Dito i-
eelaborate mo na kung tungkol saan
yung paragraph.
3. supporting sentences that explain its
significance. Dito iireiterate mo ang
main importance ng main idea.
4. discussion of examples or evidence
This opening statement and
amplification should then be followed
by evidence to support the argument
being made. Itong mga evidence na ito
ay pedeng illustrative examples,
quotation stastics, data, and other
information na magbaback-up sa iyong
argument.
5.Concluding sentence. Yung last
sentence sa ating paragraph ay
magcoconclude ng argument at it may
contain information na maaaring
magconnect sa susunod na paragraph.
Normally paragraphs ay inaabot lang
ng 50 words nminimum at 200 words
maximum pero minsan ito ay hindi
nasusunod sapagkat minsan super
dami ng information na nakapaloob sa
topic at need talaga natin i-elaborate
each point.
Moreover, Consecutive paragraphs may
be linked with terms such as
"However" so as to provide a sense of
continuity in your argument. However,
if you are in any doubt, let them stand
separately and speak for themselves.
Minsan kahit mayroon na tayong
argument na nafoformulate into good
paragraphs, it is still difficult to
arrange them and convert them into a
written essay or report. However, It is
possible to play around with the
structure by:
1. writing the main point of each
paragraph on to separate pieces of card.
2. experimenting with ordering the
cards so that eventually associated
cards end up next to each other in a
logical sequence.
3. writing on a separate sheet of paper
the order of topics
4. numbering the topics on the sheet of
paper to show a hierarchy which
reflects the logic of the new order of
paragraphs.
So alam na natin kung paano ang
proper arrangement ng mga
components ng isang assignment or
essay. Now kailangan naman natin i-
consider kung paano i-lilink yung mga
paragraphs sa isa”t-isa para maging
smooth ang transition at magserve as
guidance to reader na that paragraph
will now transition to another topic.
You can check that the links work by:
1. underlining linking words and
phrases. Ito ang mga cue words na
nagrerelate sa isang paragraph to
another paragraph.
2. asking someone else to read through
your work and asking that person to
explain how the paragraphs relate to
one another. So pede mo siya ipabasa sa
mga kaibigan mo, or kakila to make
sure if nagmamake sense ba yung
relation ng mga paragraphs
A well-structured assignment typically
has the following format:
It begins with an introduction which
provides the reader with the indication
of the direction the report or essay will
take before conclusions can be drawn .
For example, gaya ng binigay ni Gianna
Abao who used to be a feature writer in
college and also work as part time
contributing writer na sa kanyang
tiktok account, na “ How has climate
change impacted wildlife already?’.
climate change has produced a number
of threats to wildlife due to rising
temperatures. To further show the
general statement in how it’s
happening we provided statistics. In
fact, a recent study finds that around 1
million animal and plant species are
now endangered within a foreseeable
future. Binigyan lang natin ng example
kung paano nangyayari itong general
statement na toh. Next, is thesis
statement. Ito ay tungkol sa kung ano
nga ba ang pinaglalaban ng essay mo.
Climate change is a growing concern
among scientists and researchers as it
affects wildlife by including habitat loss
(A) and threatening (vulnerable
species).
So, dito sa thesis statement natin
naapektuhan ng climate change ang
wildlife sa paraan ng pagkakawala ng
habitat nila at sa pagthreathreaten ng
mga species
Next succeeding paragraphs is our
body. Sa first sentence ng body natin
pede natin idiscuss ang explanation o
reason ng mga point natin. Tapos after
non magbibigay ka ng mga example at
evidences na magsusuport don sa point
mo. And maglalagay tayo ng relevance
ng point natin sa topic statement and i-
eend natin ang paragraph with linking
words para sa pag-transition sa
succeeding paragraphs Sthat makes
claims relevant to the question set and
central to the overall argument of the
work, presents evidence to back up
claims made, explain its relevance and
ends with a linking statement to the
next paragraphparagraph 2 , that
makes claims relevant to the question
set and central to the overall argument
of the work, presents evidence to back
up claims made and ends with a linking
statement to paragraph 3. Sa
halimbawang binigay, Sa first sentence
ng body natin pede natin idiscuss ang
unang point natin. Which is yung point
a. Halimbawa nito, Human induced
climate change will alter climatic
conditions, precipitation, and sea level.
Then magbigay ka ng rason kung bakit
ayun yung sagot mo at magbigay ka rin
ng example and evidences. Last step,
strengthen your reasoning by justifying
your answer. Eh ano naman kung
mawala yung habitat ng mga animal.
Tapos sabi natin sa thesis statement
natin ang isa pang impact ay threat to
vulnerable species. Ganun lang din
idiscuss lang yung pangalawang point,
additionally, endangered species will
have limited physiological tolerance to
high temperatures due to climate
change. Magbigay reason,example and
evidences and then justify your answer.
and so on until all the main points are
made
Last Paragraph or our conclusion . It
ends with a conclusion which relates
back to the introduction where what
the report set out to do was noted. It
concludes on the evidence presented in
the main text of the report itself. It adds
value to the work presented by making
sense of the report's/essay's main
points, showing the implications of the
arguments made. No new material
appears in a conclusion. It is a genuine
conclusion and not a simple summary
of the rest of the work. Dito you just
summarize your keypoints nung first
sentence sa argument a and first
sentence sa argument b and then you
can provide your call to action ano yung
gusto mong gawin ng mga tao after
reading your essay.
Throughout the work the sequence of
the argument is well sign-posted. This
is achieved through sensible use of
language (for example, "As the next
example shows...", "It can therefore be
concluded that..."), conciseness,
reminders to the reader, as
appropriate, of what the main
arguments are, how this is amplified
through the work and where they are
heading. If your work requires you to
use the report format you can sign-
post your work through the use of clear
headings with section numbering. Mas
madaling gawin ito kapag tinatype
natin kaysa sa pag sinulat natin tapos
isusulat.
3.2 Repetition and waffle Repetition (or
waffle) will not win marks. Second way
of writing a well-written essay or
report is by avoiding Repetition and
waffle Repetition (or waffle) If na-
tetempt tayo na gamitin ang mga
phrases na "As already mentioned",
"As explained above" or (the dreadful)
"aforementioned", make sure na
nagproprovide lang tayo ng relation ng
mga unang arguments at hindi para
ultin lang natin ito. Kapag gumagawa
tayo ng essay na may recommended
length, make sure na hindi redundant
yung mga points natin dahil
magrereflect ito sa kung ano ang alam
natin about our topic.
present should be relevant to the
discussion. Mas tinitingnan ng nag-
eevaluate ng essay natin kung paano
natin naintihan yung topic at paano
natin ito i-eexplain kung we will dig
deeper on the whole context or titignan
lang natin yung surface nito. This
might be described as the "So what?"
factor of your work. You will be
rewarded for linking ideas together to
draw conclusions, or discussing the
implications of what you have
described. You will be rewarded for
questioning the material that you have
researched for preparing your
assignment. You will not be rewarded
for simply listing everything that you
have discovered on a topic. As you
progress through undergraduate
studies the degree of analytical ability
assumes greater importance.

3.3 Answer and analyse No matter how

well presented your work is, to pass
your assignments you must answer the
questions set. The work that you