(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES

KEY CONCEPTS (STRAIGHT LINE)

1. DISTANCE FORMULA:
Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’‘‹–•ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƒ†ሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻ‹•ඥሺšଵ െ šଶ ሻଶ ൅ ሺ›ଵ െ ›ଶ ሻଶǤ
2. SECTION FORMULA:
ˆሺšǡ ›ሻ†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡Ž‹‡Œ‘‹‹‰ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƬሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻ‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ǡ–Š‡Ǣ
šଶ ൅ šଵ ›ଶ  ൅  ›ଵ
šൌ Ǣ› ൌ 
 ൅   ൅ 
୫ ୫
ˆ ‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡†‹˜‹•‹‘‹•‹–‡”ƒŽǡ„—–‹ˆ ‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡†‹˜‹•‹‘‹•‡š–‡”ƒŽǤ
୬ ୬

Note: ˆ†‹˜‹†‡•‹–‡”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‫ ׷‬Ƭ†‹˜‹†‡•‡š–‡”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣ –Š‡Ƭ

ƒ”‡•ƒ‹†–‘„‡Šƒ”‘‹  ‘Œ—‰ƒ–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”™Ǥ”Ǥ–ǤǤ
ଶ ଵ ଵ
ƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǣ୅୆ ൌ ୅୔ ൅ ୅୕‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ Ƭƒ”‡‹ ǤǤ

3. CENTROID AND INCENTRE :

ˆሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻǡ ሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻǡ ሺšଷ ǡ ›ଷ ሻƒ”‡–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ™Š‘•‡•‹†‡•ǡ ǡ ƒ”‡‘ˆ
୶భ ା୶మ ା୶య ୷భ ା୷మ ା୷య
Ž‡‰–Š•ƒǡ„ǡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‘‹†ƒ”‡ǣ ቀ ǡ ቁ
ଷ ଷ
ୟ୶భ ାୠ୶మ ାୡ୶య ୟ୷భ ାୠ୷మ ାୡ୷య
Ƭ–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹ ‡–”‡ƒ”‡ǣቀ ୟାୠାୡ
ǡ ୟାୠାୡ
ቁ

Note: Šƒ–‹ ‡–”‡†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”•‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ሺ„ ൅ ሻ ‫ƒ ׷‬Ǣ ሺ ൅ ƒሻ ‫„ ׷‬Ƭሺƒ ൅ „ሻ ‫ ׷‬Ǥ

REMEMBER:
(i) ”–Š‘ ‡–‡”ǡ‡–”‘‹†Ƭ ‹” — ‡–‡”ƒ”‡ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‘ŽŽ‹‡ƒ”Ƭ ‡–”‘‹††‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡Ž‹‡
 Œ‘‹‹‰‘”–Š‘ ‡–‡”Ƭ ‹” — ‡–‡”‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ʹǣ ͳǤ
(ii) ƒ‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ǡ ǡ ƬŽ‹‡‘–Š‡•ƒ‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
4. SLOPE FORMULA:
ˆɅ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ–™Š‹ Šƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡‹•‹ Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‹‘‘ˆšǦƒš‹•ǡƬ
Ͳ‫ ל‬൑ Ʌ ൏ ͳͺͲ‫ ל‬ǡ Ʌ ് ͻͲ‫ ל‬ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ •Ž‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹‡ǡ †‡‘–‡† „› ǡ ‹• †‡ϐ‹‡† „›  ൌ –ƒ ɅǤ
ˆɅ‹•ͻͲ‫ ל‬ǡ†‘‡•‘–‡š‹•–ǡ„—––Š‡Ž‹‡‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡›Ǧƒš‹•Ǥ ˆɅ ൌ Ͳǡ–Š‡ ൌ ͲƬ–Š‡Ž‹‡‹•
’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡šǦƒš‹•Ǥ ˆሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƬሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻǡ šଵ ് šଶ ǡƒ”‡’‘‹–•‘ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡ǡ–Š‡–Š‡•Ž‘’‡
୷ ି୷
‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡‹•‰‹˜‡„›ǣ ൌ ቀ ୶భି୶మቁ
భ మ

5. CONDITION OF COLLINEARITY OF THREE POINTS - (SLOPE FORM):

୷ ି୷ ୷ ି୷
‘‹–•ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻǡ ሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻǡ ሺšଷ ǡ ›ଷ ሻƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹‡ƒ”‹ˆቀ୶భ ି୶మቁ ൌ ቀ୶మି୶యቁǤ
భ మ మ య

6. EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE IN VARIOUS FORMS:

(i) Slope - intercept form:› ൌ š ൅ ‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‘•‡•Ž‘’‡‹•
 Ƭ™Š‹ Šƒ‡•ƒ‹–‡” ‡’– ‘–Š‡›Ǧƒš‹•Ǥ
(ii) Slope one point form:› െ ›ଵ ൌ ሺš െ šଵ ሻ‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‘•‡•Ž‘’‡
‹•Ƭ™Š‹ Š’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻǤ

APNI KAKSHA 1
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
୶ି୶ ୷ି୷భ
(iii) Parametric form:Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡‹’ƒ”ƒ‡–”‹ ˆ‘”‹•‰‹˜‡„› ୡ୭ୱ஘భ ൌ ൌ ”
ୱ୧୬஘

ȋ•ƒ›ȌǤŠ‡”‡̵”̵‹•–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ›’‘‹–ሺšǡ ›ሻ‘–Š‡Ž‹‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ϐ‹š‡†’‘‹–ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻ

‘–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ”‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–ሺšǡ ›ሻ‹•‘–Š‡”‹‰Š–‘ˆሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆሺšǡ ›ሻ
Ž‹‡•‘–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–‘ˆሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻǤ
୷ ି୷
(iv) Two point form:› െ ›ଵ ൌ ୶మ ି୶భ ሺš െ šଵ ሻ‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‹ Š’ƒ••‡•
మ భ

–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–•ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƬሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻǤ

୶ ୷
(v) Intercept form: ൅ ൌ ͳ‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‹ Šƒ‡•‹–‡” ‡’–•ƒƬ„
ୟ ୠ

‘Ƭ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
(vi) Perpendicular form:š ‘•Ƚ ൅ ›•‹Ƚ ൌ ’‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡™Š‡”‡–Š‡
Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘–Š‡Ž‹‡‹•’ƒ†–Š‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ƒ‡•
ƒ‰Ž‡Ƚ™‹–Š’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‹†‡‘ˆšǦƒš‹•Ǥ
(vii) General Form:ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳ‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡‹–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽˆ‘”
7. POSITION OF THE POINT ሺ‫ ܠ‬૚ ǡ ‫ܡ‬૚ ሻ RELATIVE TO THE LINE ‫ ܠ܉‬൅ ‫ ܡ܊‬൅ ‫ ܋‬ൌ ૙:
ˆƒšଵ ൅ „ଵ ൅ ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹‰ƒ• ǡ–Š‡–Š‡’‘‹–ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻŽ‹‡‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹•‹†‡‘ˆ
ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲǤ—–‹ˆ–Š‡•‹‰‘ˆƒšଵ ൅ „›ଵ ൅ ‹•‘’’‘•‹–‡–‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ ǡ–Š‡’‘‹–ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻ
™‹ŽŽŽ‹‡‘–Š‡‘Ǧ‘”‹‰‹•‹†‡‘ˆƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲǤ
8. THE RATIO IN WHICH A GIVEN LINE DIVIDES THE LINE SEGMENT JOINING TWO POINTS:
‡––Š‡‰‹˜‡Ž‹‡ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳ†‹˜‹†‡–Š‡Ž‹‡•‡‰‡–Œ‘‹‹‰ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƬሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻ‹–Š‡
୫ ୟ୶ ାୠ୷ ାୡ
 ”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ǡ–Š‡ ୬ ൌ െ ୟ୶భାୠ୷భାୡ
మ మ
୫
ˆƬƒ”‡‘–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰‹˜‡Ž‹‡–Š‡ ୬ ‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡„—–‹ˆƬƒ”‡‘‘’’‘•‹–‡
୫
•‹†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‰‹˜‡Ž‹‡ǡ–Š‡ ‹•’‘•‹–‹˜‡
୬

9. LENGTH OF PERPENDICULAR FROM A POINT ON A LINE:

ୟ୶భ ାୠ୷భ ାୡ
Š‡Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”ˆ”‘ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻ‘ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳ‹•ቚ ξୟమ ାୠమ
ቚǤ

10. ANGLE BETWEEN TWO STRAIGHT LINES IN TERMS OF THEIR SLOPES:

ˆଵ Ƭଶ ƒ”‡–Š‡•Ž‘’‡•‘ˆ–™‘‹–‡”•‡ –‹‰•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ሺଵ ଶ ് െͳሻƬɅ‹•–Š‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡
భ ୫ ି୫మ
„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ǡ–Š‡–ƒ Ʌ ൌ ቚଵା୫ ቚǤ
భ ୫మ

Note: ‡–ଵ ǡ ଶ ǡ ଷ ƒ”‡–Š‡•Ž‘’‡•‘ˆ–Š”‡‡Ž‹‡•

ଵ ൌ ͲǢ ଶ ൌ ͲǢ ଷ ൌ Ͳ™Š‡”‡ଵ ൐ ଶ ൐ ଷ –Š‡–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ᶭ ˆ‘—†„›
–Š‡•‡Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡„›ǡ
ଵ െ ଶ ଶ െ ଷ ଷ െ ଵ
–ƒ  ൌ Ǣ –ƒ  ൌ Ƭ–ƒ  ൌ 
ͳ ൅ ଵ ଶ ͳ ൅ ଶ ଷ ͳ ൅ ଷ ଵ

APNI KAKSHA 2
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
11. PARALLEL LINES:
(i)  Š‡–™‘•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–Š‡‹”•Ž‘’‡•ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽǤŠ—•ƒ›Ž‹‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘
ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡–›’‡ƒš ൅ „› ൅  ൌ ͲǤŠ‡”‡‹•ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”Ǥ
(ii)  Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡–™‘’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡ŽŽ‹‡•™‹–Š‡“—ƒ–‹‘•
ୡ ିୡమ
ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ଵ ൌ ͲƬƒš ൅ „› ൅ ଶ ൌ Ͳ‹•ቚξୟభమ ቚǤ
ାୠమ

Note: Šƒ––Š‡ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–•‘ˆšƬ›‹„‘–Š–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•—•–„‡•ƒ‡Ǥ

୮భ ୮మ
(iii)  Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒൌ ǡ™Š‡”‡’ଵ Ƭ’ଶƒ”‡†‹•–ƒ ‡•„‡–™‡‡–™‘’ƒ‹”•‘ˆ
ୱ୧୬ ஘

‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡•ƬɅ‹•–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡ƒ›–™‘ƒ†Œƒ ‡–•‹†‡•Ǥ
Noteǣ Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒ„‘—†‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•› ൌ ଵ š ൅ ଵǡ › ൌ ଵ š ൅ ଶ ƒ†
ሺୡభ ିୡమ ሻሺୢభ ିୢమ ሻ
› ൌ ଶ š ൅ †ଵ ǡ› ൌ ଶ š ൅ †ଶ ‹•‰‹˜‡„›ቚ ቚǤ
୫భ ି୫మ

12. PERPENDICULAR LINES:

 (i) Š‡–™‘Ž‹‡•‘ˆ•Ž‘’‡•ଵ Ƭଶƒ”‡ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•ǡ–Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ–Š‡‹”•Ž‘’‡•‹•Ǧͳǡ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥଵ ଶ ൌ െͳǤŠ—•ƒ›Ž‹‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘”
„š െ ƒ› ൅  ൌ Ͳǡ™Š‡”‡‹•ƒ›’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”Ǥ
(ii)  –”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲƬƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ᇱ
ൌ Ͳƒ”‡ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•‹ˆƬ‘Ž›
‹ˆƒƒᇱ ൅ „„ᇱ ൌ ͲǤ
13. “—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•–Š”‘—‰Šሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƒ‹‰ƒ‰Ž‡Ƚ™‹–Š› ൌ š ൅ ƒ”‡ǣ
ሺ› െ ›ଵ ሻ ൌ –ƒሺɅ െ Ƚሻ ሺš െ šଵ ሻƬሺ› െ ›ଵ ሻ ൌ –ƒሺɅ ൅ Ƚሻሺš െ šଵ ሻǡ™Š‡”‡–ƒ Ʌ ൌ Ǥ
14. CONDITION OF CONCURRENCY:
Š”‡‡Ž‹‡•ƒଵ š ൅ „ଵ › ൅ ଵ ൌ Ͳǡ ƒଶ š ൅ „ଶ › ൅ ଶ ൌ ͲƬƒଷ š ൅ „ଷ › ൅ ଷ ൌ Ͳƒ”‡ ‘ —””‡–
ƒଵ „ଵ ଵ
‹ˆอƒଶ „ଶ ଶอ ൌ ͲǤŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǣ ˆ–Š”‡‡ ‘•–ƒ–•ǡ Ƭ ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†•— Š–Šƒ–
ƒଷ „ଷ ଷ

ሺƒଵ š ൅ „ଵ › ൅ ଵሻ ൅ ሺƒଶ š ൅ „ଶ › ൅ ଶሻ ൅ ሺƒଷ š ൅ „ଷ › ൅ ଷሻ ‫Ͳ ؠ‬ǡ–Š‡–Š‡–Š”‡‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•

ƒ”‡ ‘ —””‡–Ǥ
15. AREA OF A TRIANGLE:
šଵ ›ଵ ͳ
ଵ
ˆሺš୧ ǡ ›୧ ሻǡ ‹ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ƒ”‡–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‹–•ƒ”‡ƒ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ଶ อšଶ ›ଶ ͳอǡ’”‘˜‹†‡†
šଷ ›ଷ ͳ
–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•ƒ”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‹–Š‡ ‘—–‡” Ž‘ ™‹•‡•‡•‡ǤŠ‡ƒ„‘˜‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ™‹ŽŽ‰‹˜‡ƒȋǦȌ˜‡
ƒ”‡ƒ‹ˆ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•ሺš୧ ǡ ›୧ ሻǡ ‹ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ƒ”‡’Žƒ ‡†‹–Š‡ Ž‘ ™‹•‡•‡•‡Ǥ
16. CONDITION OF COLLINEARITY OF THREE POINTS-(AREAFORM):
šଵ ›ଵ ͳ
Š‡’‘‹–•ሺš୧ ǡ ›୧ ሻǡ ‹ ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‹‡ƒ”‹ˆอšଶ ›ଶ ͳอǤ
šଷ ›ଷ ͳ

APNI KAKSHA 3
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
17. THE EQUATION OF A FAMILY OF STRAIGHT LINES PASSING THROUGH THE POINTS OF
INTERSECTION OF TWO GIVEN LINES:
Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒˆƒ‹Ž›‘ˆŽ‹‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ
ƒଵ š ൅ „ଵ › ൅ ଵ ൌ ͲƬƒଶ š ൅ „ଶ › ൅ ଶ ൌ Ͳ‹•‰‹˜‡„›ሺƒଵ š ൅ „ଵ › ൅ ଵሻ ൅ ሺƒଶ š ൅ „ଶ › ൅ ଶሻ ൌ Ͳǡ
™Š‡”‡‹•ƒƒ”„‹–”ƒ”˜”‡ƒŽ—„‡”Ǥ
Note: ˆ—ଵ ൌ ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ǡ —ଶ ൌ ƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ †ǡ —ଷ ൌ ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ᇱ ǡ —ସ ൌ ƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ †ᇱ –Š‡ǡ
—ଵ ൌ ͲǢ —ଶ ൌ ͲǢ —ଷ ൌ ͲǢ —ସ ൌ Ͳˆ‘”ƒ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒǤ—ଶ —ଷ െ —ଵ —ସ ൌ Ͳ”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ
Ǥ
Proof: ‹ ‡‹–‹•–Š‡ϐ‹”•–†‡‰”‡‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹šƬ›‹–‹•ƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡Ǥ‡ ‘†Ž›’‘‹–•ƒ–‹•ϐ‹‡•
–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ•ƒ–‹•ˆ›—ଶ ൌ Ͳƒ†—ଵ ൌ ͲǤ‹‹Žƒ”Ž›ˆ‘”–Š‡’‘‹–Ǥ
‡ ‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–Ǥ–Š‡•‹‹Žƒ”Ž‹‡•—ଵ —ଶ െ —ଷ —ସ ൌ Ͳ”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽǤ
Note: Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ‹•ƒŽ•‘‰‹˜‡„›—ଵ ൅ ɉ—ସ ൌ Ͳƒ†—ଶ ൅ Ɋ—ଷ ൌ Ͳǡ‹ˆ–Š‡–™‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ
ˆ‘”•‘‡ɉƒ†ɊǤ
ȏ ‘”‰‡––‹‰–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆɉƬɊ ‘’ƒ”‡–Š‡ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–•‘ˆšǡ ›Ƭ–Š‡ ‘•–ƒ––‡”•ȐǤ
18. BISECTORS OF THE ANGLES BETWEEN TWO LINES:
(i) “—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”•‘ˆƒ‰Ž‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹‡•ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲƬƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ᇱ
ൌ Ͳ
ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
ሺƒ„ᇱ ് ƒᇱ „ሻƒ”‡ǣ ൌേ 
ξୟమ ାୠమ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ

(ii)  ‘†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ƭ–Š‡‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”

ˆɅ„‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•Ƭ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”•ǡϐ‹†–ƒ ɅǤ
 ˆȁ–ƒ Ʌȁ ൏ ͳǡ–Š‡ʹɅ ൏ ͻͲ‫”‘– ‡•‹„‡Ž‰ƒ‡–— ƒ‡Š–•‹”‘– ‡•‹„•‹Š––ƒŠ–‘• ל‬Ǥ
 ˆȁ–ƒ Ʌȁ ൐ ͳǡ–Š‡™‡‰‡––Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”–‘„‡–Š‡‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ
(iii) ‘†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ƭ–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡
‘– ‘–ƒ‹‹‰ –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹Ǥ ‡™”‹–‡ –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲƬƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ᇱ
ൌ Ͳ
ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
•— Š–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘•–ƒ––‡”• ǡ ᇱ ƒ”‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡ǤŠ‡Ǣ ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌ൅ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ
‰‹˜‡•–Š‡
ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ƭ ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌെ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ
‰‹˜‡•

–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‘– ‘–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǥ

(iv)  ‘†‹• ”‹‹ƒ–‡„‡–™‡‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ƭ‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”’”‘ ‡‡†ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•
”‹–‡ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲƬƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ᇱ
ൌ Ͳ•— Š–Šƒ– ‘•–ƒ––‡”•ƒ”‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡Ǥ
ˆƒƒᇱ ൅ „„ᇱ ൏ Ͳǡ–Š‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹‡•–Šƒ– ‘–ƒ‹•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‹•ƒ —–‡ƒ†–Š‡
ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡‹• ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌ൅ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ

ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌെ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ
‹•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘–Š‡”„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ

APNI KAKSHA 4
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
ˆǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒƒᇱ ൅ „„ᇱ ൐ Ͳǡ–Š‡–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ž‹‡•–Šƒ– ‘–ƒ‹•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‹•
‘„–—•‡Ƭ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‹•‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡‹•ǣ
ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ ୟ୶ାୠ୷ାୡ ୟᇲ ୶ାୠᇲ ୷ାୡᇲ
ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌ൅ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ
Ǣ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ξୟమ ାୠమ
ൌെ ξୟᇲమ ାୠᇲమ
 ‹• –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”

„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ
(v)  ‘–Š‡”™ƒ›‘ˆ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ƒƒ —–‡ƒ†‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”‹•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ
‡–ଵ ൌ ͲƬଶ ൌ Ͳƒ”‡–Š‡‰‹˜‡Ž‹‡•Ƭ—ଵ ൌ Ͳƒ†—ଶ ൌ Ͳƒ”‡–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”•„‡–™‡‡
ଵ ൌ ͲƬଶ ൌ ͲǤƒ‡ƒ’‘‹–‘ƒ›‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•ଵ ൌ Ͳ‘”
ଶ ൌ Ͳƒ††”‘’’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”‘—ଵ ൌ ͲƬ—ଶ ൌ Ͳƒ••Š‘™Ǥ
ˆǡȁ’ȁ ൏ ȁ“ȁ ֜ —ଵ ‹•–Š‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ
ȁ’ȁ ൐ ȁ“ȁ ֜ —ଵ ‹•–Š‡‘„–—•‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ
ȁ’ȁ ൌ ȁ“ȁ ֜–Š‡Ž‹‡•ଵ Ƭଶƒ”‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”Ǥ
Note: “—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƬ‡“—ƒŽŽ›‹ Ž‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹‡•
ƒଵ š ൅ „ଵ › ൅ ଵ ൌ ͲƬƒଶ š ൅ „ଶ › ൅ ଶ ൌ Ͳƒ”‡–Š‘•‡™Š‹ Šƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”•„‡–™‡‡
–Š‡•‡–™‘Ž‹‡•Ƭ’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–Ǥ
19. A PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES THROUGH ORIGIN:
(i) Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‡‰”‡‡–™‘‘ˆ–Š‡–›’‡ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൌ Ͳ
ƒŽ™ƒ›•”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ’ƒ‹”‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ƭ‹ˆǣ
(a) Šଶ ൐ ƒ„ ֜Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡”‡ƒŽƬ†‹•–‹ –Ǥ
(b) Šଶ ൌ ƒ„ ֜Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡ ‘‹ ‹†‡–Ǥ
(c) Šଶ ൏ ƒ„ ֜Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡‹ƒ‰‹ƒ”›™‹–Š”‡ƒŽ’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‹Ǥ‡ǤሺͲǡ Ͳሻ
(ii)  ˆ› ൌ ଵ šƬ› ൌ ଶ š„‡–Š‡–™‘‡“—ƒ–‹‘•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൌ Ͳǡ
ଶ୦ ୟ
–Š‡Ǣଵ ൅ ଶ ൌ െ ୠ
Ƭଵ ଶ ൌ Ǥ
ୠ

(iii)  ˆɅ‹•–Š‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡’ƒ‹”‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›ǡ

ଶξ୦మ ିୟୠ
ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൌ Ͳǡ–Š‡Ǣ–ƒɅ ൌ ฬ ฬ
ୟାୠ

Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡•‡Ž‹‡•ƒ”‡ǣ
(a) –”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•–‘‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”‹•ƒ ൅ „ ൌ ͲǤ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‘Ǧ‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆš ଶ ൅ ‘‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–‘ˆ› ଶ ൌ ͲǤ
(b) ‘‹ ‹†‡–‹•Šଶ ൌ ƒ„Ǥ
(c) “—ƒŽŽ›‹ Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡ƒš‹•‘ˆš‹•Š ൌ ͲǤ
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‘‡ˆˆǤ‘ˆš› ൌ ͲǤ
Note: Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‡‰”‡‡”‡’”‡•‡–••–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š‘”‹‰‹Ǥ

APNI KAKSHA 5
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
20. GENERAL EQUATION OF SECOND DEGREE REPRESENTING APAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES:
(i)  ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൅ ʹ‰š ൅ ʹˆ› ൅ ൌ Ͳ”‡’”‡•‡–•ƒ’ƒ‹”‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•‹ˆǣ
ƒ Š ‰
ଶ ଶ ଶ
ƒ„ ൅ ʹˆ‰Š െ ƒˆ െ „‰ െ Š ൌ Ͳǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‹ˆ อŠ „ ˆ อ ൌ Ͳ
‰ ˆ
(ii) Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ʌ„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Ž‹‡•”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰„›ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡“—ƒ–‹‘‹•–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•
–Šƒ–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–™‘Ž‹‡•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›‹–•Š‘‘‰‡‡‘—•’ƒ”–‘Ž›Ǥ
21. Š‡Œ‘‹–‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ’ƒ‹”‘ˆ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•Œ‘‹‹‰‘”‹‰‹–‘–Š‡’‘‹–•‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‹‡‰‹˜‡„›
ͳš ൅ › ൅  ൌ Ͳ        ǥ ǥ (i) &
–Š‡ʹ††‡‰”‡‡ —”˜‡ǣƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൅ ʹ‰š ൅ ʹˆ› ൅ ൌ Ͳ ǥ ǥ (ii)
୪୶ା୫୷ ୪୶ା୫୷ ୪୶ା୫୷ ଶ
‹•ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൅ ʹ‰š ቀ ି୬
ቁ ൅ ʹˆ› ቀ ି୬
ቁ൅ ቀ ି୬
ቁ ൌ Ͳ ǥ ǥ (iii)
୪୶ା୫୷
ȋ‹‹‹Ȍ‹•‘„–ƒ‹‡†„›Š‘‘‰‡‹œ‹‰ȋ‹‹Ȍ™‹–Š–Š‡Š‡Ž’‘ˆȋ‹Ȍǡ„›™”‹–‹‰ȋ‹Ȍ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”ǣቀ ି୬
ቁ ൌ ͳǤ

22.  Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•„‹•‡ –‹‰–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ǡ

୶మ ି୷మ ୶୷
ƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൌ Ͳ‹• ୟିୠ
ൌ
୦
Ǥ

23. Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”•ǡ†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻ–‘–Š‡’ƒ‹”‘ˆŽ‹‡•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡

ୟ୶భ మ ାଶ୦୶భ ୷భ ାୠ୷భ మ
‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǡƒš ଶ ൅ ʹŠš› ൅ „› ଶ ൌ Ͳ‹• Ǥ
ඥሺୟିୠሻమ ାସ୦మ

24. ›•‡ ‘††‡‰”‡‡ —”˜‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ˆ‘—”’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆˆሺš›ሻ ൌ ͲƬš› ൌ Ͳ‹•‰‹˜‡

„›ˆሺš›ሻ ൅ ɉš› ൌ Ͳ™Š‡”‡ˆሺš›ሻ ൌ Ͳ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•‡ ‘††‡‰”‡‡ —”˜‡Ǥ

APNI KAKSHA 6
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
EXERCISE–I
୶ ୷
1. ‹‡଺ ൅ ଼ ൌ ͳ‹–‡”•‡ –•–Š‡šƒ†›ƒš‡•ƒ–ƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–

Ž›‹‰‹•‹†‡–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ȋ™Š‡”‡̵̵‹•‘”‹‰‹Ȍƒ”‡ሺƒǡ „ሻ•— Š–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡

ǡƒ†ƒ”‡‡“—ƒŽǤ ‹†
(a)–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–ƒ†
(b)–Š‡”ƒ†‹—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹” Ž‡‡• ”‹„‡†‘’’‘•‹–‡–‘–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ
2. ‹†–Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”–Š‘ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ™Š‘•‡•‹†‡•ƒ”‡
š ൅ › ൌ ͳǡʹš ൅ ͵› ൌ ͸ǡ Ͷš െ › ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳǡ™‹–Š‘—–ϐ‹†‹‰–Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ‹–•˜‡”–‹ ‡•Ǥ
3. ™‘ ˜‡”–‹ ‡• ‘ˆ ƒ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ƒ”‡ ሺͶǡ െ͵ሻƬሺെʹǡ ͷሻǤ ˆ –Š‡ ‘”–Š‘ ‡–‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ ‹• ƒ– ሺͳǡ ʹሻǡ
ϐ‹†–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹”†˜‡”–‡šǤ
4. Š‡’‘‹–†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡Œ‘‹‘ˆሺെͷǡ ͳሻƬሺ͵ǡ ͷሻ‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ͳǤ ‹†–Š‡–™‘˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆˆ‘”
™Š‹ Š–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ™Š‡”‡‹•ሺͳǡ ͷሻƬ‹•ሺ͹ǡ െʹሻǡ‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘ʹ—‹–•‹ƒ‰‹–—†‡Ǥ
5. ‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺ͵ǡ ͷሻ†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡Œ‘‹‘ˆሺͳǡ ͵ሻƬሺ͹ǡ ͻሻǤ
‹†–Š‡Šƒ”‘‹  ‘Œ—‰ƒ–‡‘ˆ™Ǥ”Ǥ–ǤƬǤ
6. Ž‹‡‹••— Š–Šƒ–‹–••‡‰‡–„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ͷš െ › െ Ͷ ൌ Ͳƒ†͵š ൅ Ͷ› െ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ‹•
„‹•‡ –‡†ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ሺͳǡ ͷሻǤ„–ƒ‹–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
7. Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺʹǡ െ͵ሻ‡‡–•–Š‡Ž‹‡•š െ ʹ› ൅ ͹ ൌ Ͳƒ†š ൅ ͵› െ ͵ ൌ Ͳƒ––Š‡’‘‹–•
ƒ†”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ†‹˜‹†‡•‡š–‡”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡”ƒ–‹‘͵ǣ ʹ
–Š‡ϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
8. Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‹•ͷǤ™‘‘ˆ‹–•˜‡”–‹ ‡•ƒ”‡ሺʹǡ ͳሻƬሺ͵ǡ െʹሻǤŠ‡–Š‹”†˜‡”–‡šŽ‹‡•‘
› ൌ š ൅ ͵Ǥ ‹†–Š‡–Š‹”†˜‡”–‡šǤ
୶ ୷ ୶ ୷
9. ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹‡ǡ†”ƒ™–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡• ൅ ൌ ͳƬ ൅ ൌ ͳǡ
ୟ ୠ ୠ ୟ

‡‡–• –Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ƒš‡• ‹ ƬǤ Š‘™ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‘ —• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹† ’‘‹– ‘ˆ  ‹• –Š‡ —”˜‡
ʹš›ሺƒ ൅ „ሻ ൌ ƒ„ሺš ൅ ›ሻǤ
10. ™‘ ‘•‡ —–‹˜‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒƒ”‡Ͷš ൅ ͷ› ൌ ͲƬ͹š ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͲǤ
ˆ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘‘‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ‹•ͳͳš ൅ ͹› ൌ ͻǡϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽǤ
11. Š‡Ž‹‡͵š ൅ ʹ› ൌ ʹͶ‡‡–•–Š‡›Ǧƒš‹•ƒ–Ƭ–Š‡šǦƒš‹•ƒ–ǤŠ‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ
‡‡–•–Š‡Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰ŠሺͲǡ െͳሻ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘šǦƒš‹•ƒ–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ
஠
12. ˆ–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡†”ƒ™–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺξ͵ǡ ʹሻƬ‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡଺ ™‹–Š–Š‡šǦƒš‹•ǡ‡‡–•

–Š‡Ž‹‡ξ͵š െ Ͷ› ൅ ͺ ൌ Ͳƒ–Ǥ ‹†–Š‡Ž‡‰–ŠǤ

13. ‹†–Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•
ᇱ
ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲǢ ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ ͲǢ ƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ൌ ͲƬƒᇱ š ൅ „ᇱ › ൅ ᇱ
ൌ Ͳƒ”‡ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥ
Ž•‘ϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒǤ

APNI KAKSHA 7
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
14. –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Šƒ••‹†‡Ž‡‰–Š•ͳͺǡʹͶƒ†͵ͲǤ ‹†–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™Š‘•‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•ƒ”‡–Š‡
‹ ‡–”‡ǡ ‹” — ‡–‡”ƒ† ‡–”‘‹†‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ
15. Š‡’‘‹–•ሺͳǡ ͵ሻƬሺͷǡ ͳሻƒ”‡–™‘‘’’‘•‹–‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ”‡ –ƒ‰Ž‡ǤŠ‡‘–Š‡”–™‘˜‡”–‹ ‡•Ž‹‡‘
–Š‡Ž‹‡› ൌ ʹš ൅ Ǥ ‹† Ƭ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰˜‡”–‹ ‡•Ǥ
16. •–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡‹•’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡ͷš െ › ൌ ͳǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡
Ž‹‡Ƭ–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒš‡•‹•ͷǤ ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
17. ™‘‡“—ƒŽ•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡‰‹˜‡„›–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•͹š െ › ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳƒ†
š ൅ › െ ͵ ൌ ͲƬ‹–•–Š‹”†•‹†‡’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺͳǡ െͳͲሻǤ‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
–Š‹”†•‹†‡Ǥ
18. Š‡ ˜‡”–‹ ‡• ‘ˆƒ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡  ƒ”‡ ሺͲǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺെ͵ǡ െͳሻǡ ሺെͳǡ െ͵ሻǤ ‹†–Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‹‡
’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘Ƭ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‰–Š‡•‹†‡•Ƭǡ™Š‘•‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‹–
ሺͲǡ Ͳሻ‹•ŠƒŽˆǤ
19. –ƒ”–‹‰ƒ––Š‡‘”‹‰‹ǡƒ„‡ƒ‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–Š‹–•ƒ‹””‘”ȋ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒŽ‹‡Ȍƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ሺͶǡ ͺሻƒ†
‹•”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡†ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ሺͺǡ ͳʹሻǤ‘’—–‡–Š‡•Ž‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹””‘”Ǥ
20. ‹˜‡ ˜‡”–‹ ‡• ሺͳǡ ͳሻǡ ሺͶǡ െʹሻƬሺͷǡ ͷሻ ‘ˆ ƒ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ ϐ‹† –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”
†”‘’’‡†ˆ”‘–‘–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ
21. ”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Ž‹‡•‹–Š‡ƒ”–‡•‹ƒ’Žƒ‡ƒ†Šƒ•ƒƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ͹Ͳ•“Ǥ—‹–•ǤŠ‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆƒ†
ƒ”‡ሺͳʹǡ ͳͻሻƒ†ሺʹ͵ǡ ʹͲሻ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ƒ†–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆƒ”‡ሺ’ǡ “ሻǤŠ‡Ž‹‡ ‘–ƒ‹‹‰
–Š‡‡†‹ƒ–‘–Š‡•‹†‡Šƒ••Ž‘’‡ǦͷǤ ‹†–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–’‘••‹„Ž‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆሺ’ ൅ “ሻǤ
22. •–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡‹•†”ƒ™ˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‹–ሺͳǡ Ͳሻ–‘–Š‡ —”˜‡š ଶ ൅ › ଶ ൅ ͸š െ ͳͲ› ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳǡ•— Š–Šƒ–
–Š‡‹–‡” ‡’–ƒ†‡‘‹–„›–Š‡ —”˜‡•—„–‡†•ƒ”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ––Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ
–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
23. ‡–‡”‹‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ Ʌ ‫ א‬ሾͲǡ ʹɎሿ ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ’‘‹– ሺ ‘•Ʌǡ •‹Ʌሻ Ž‹‡• ‹•‹†‡ –Š‡
–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•š ൅ › ൌ ʹǢ š െ › ൌ ͳƬ͸š ൅ ʹ› െ ξͳͲ ൌ ͲǤ
24. Š‡’‘‹–•ሺെ͸ǡ ͳሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ ͳͲሻǡ ሺͻǡ ͸ሻƒ†ሺെ͵ǡ െ͵ሻƒ”‡–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ”‡ –ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡
ୟ
’‘”–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡ –ƒ‰Ž‡–Šƒ–Ž‹‡•ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡šƒš‹•‹•ୠǡϐ‹†–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆሺƒ ൅ „ሻǡ‰‹˜‡ƒƒ†„ƒ”‡

‘’”‹‡Ǥ
25. Š‡–™‘Ž‹‡’ƒ‹”•› ଶ െ Ͷ› ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳƒ†š ଶ ൅ Ͷš› ൅ Ͷ› ଶ െ ͷš െ ͳͲ› ൅ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ‡ Ž‘•‡ƒͶ•‹†‡†
‘˜‡š’‘Ž›‰‘ϐ‹†
(i) ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’‘Ž›‰‘Ǣ  
(ii) Ž‡‰–Š‘ˆ‹–•†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ

APNI KAKSHA 8
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
EXERCISE–II
1. Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹†‡•Ƭ‘ˆ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡š െ › െ Ͷ ൌ Ͳƒ†
ʹš െ › െ ͷ ൌ Ͳ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡˜‡”–‡š‹•ሺെʹǡ ͵ሻƒ†’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”•
ଷ ହ
„‹•‡ –‘”•‹•ቀଶ ǡ ଶቁǡϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ•–‘–Š‡•‹†‡•Ƭ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ

2. Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™Š‘•‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•ƒ”‡

ሺെͺǡ ͷሻǢ ሺെͳͷǡ െͳͻሻƒ†ሺͳǡ െ͹ሻŠƒ•–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘ƒš ൅ ʹ› ൅ ൌ ͲǤ ‹†̵ƒ̵ƒ†̵ ̵Ǥ
3. Š‘™–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ–Š‡ Š‘”†•‘ˆ–Š‡ —”˜‡͵š ଶ െ › ଶ െ ʹš ൅ Ͷ› ൌ Ͳ™Š‹ Š•—„–‡†ƒ”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ––Š‡
‘”‹‰‹ƒ”‡ ‘ —””‡–Ǥ‘‡•–Š‹•”‡•—Ž–ƒŽ•‘Š‘Ž†ˆ‘”–Š‡ —”˜‡ǡ͵š ଶ ൅ ͵› ଶ െ ʹš ൅ Ͷ› ൌ Ͳǫ
ˆ›‡•ǡ™Šƒ–‹•–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ ‘ —””‡ ›Ƭ‹ˆ‘–ǡ‰‹˜‡”‡ƒ•‘•Ǥ
4. Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆƒ“—ƒ†”‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽƒ”‡ሺͲǡ ͲሻǢ ሺͳ͸ǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺͺǡ ͺሻǡ ሺͲǡ ͺሻǤ
‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Šƒ–ŠƒŽ˜‡•–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡“—ƒ†”‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ
› ൌ š ൅ Ǥ
5. ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šሺെʹǡ െ͹ሻƬŠƒ˜‹‰ƒ‹–‡” ‡’–‘ˆŽ‡‰–Š
͵„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•Ͷš ൅ ͵› ൌ ͳʹǡ Ͷš ൅ ͵› ൌ ͵
6. ‹–Š‘—–ϐ‹†‹‰–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘”ƒ‰Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡–Š”‡‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•
ƒ—Ϊ„˜ൌ ͲǢƒ— െ „˜ ൌ ʹƒ„ƒ†— ൅ „ ൌ Ͳˆ”‘ƒ‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™Š‡”‡— ‫ š ؠ‬൅ › െ „Ƭ
˜ ‫ š ؠ‬െ › െ ƒƬƒǡ „ ് ͲǤ
7. ™‘•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ”Š‘„—•ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘–Š‡Ž‹‡•› ൌ š ൅ ʹƬ› ൌ ͹š ൅ ͵Ǥ ˆ–Š‡†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ
–Š‡ ”Š‘„‘—• ‹–‡”•‡ – ƒ– –Š‡ ’‘‹– ሺͳǡʹሻ Ƭ –Š‡ ˜‡”–‡š  ‹• ‘ –Š‡ ›Ǧƒš‹•ǡ ϐ‹† –Š‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡
‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆǤ
8. Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”„‹•‡ –‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹†‡•Ƭ‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡
š െ › ൅ ͷ ൌ ͲƬš ൅ ʹ› ൌ Ͳǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–‹•ሺͳǡ െʹሻϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡Ǥ
9. –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‹•ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•™Š‘•‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡
ǣ š ൅ › െ ͷ ൌ Ͳǡ
ǣ š ൅ ͹› െ ͹ ൌ Ͳƒ†
ǣ ͹š ൅ › ൅ ͳͶ ൌ ͲǤ
‹†–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ–ƒ†–Š‡‡š–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ–Ǥ‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ
–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ–ƒ†ϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”Ǥ
10.  ’‘‹–  ‹• •— Š –Šƒ– ‹–• ’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ” †‹•–ƒ ‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Ž‹‡ › െ ʹš ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ‹• ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ‹–•
†‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–Ǥ”‘˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‹‡› ൌ ʹš
‡‡–•–Š‡Ž‘ —•‹–™‘’‘‹–•Ƭǡ•— Š–Šƒ––Š‡‘”‹‰‹‹•–Š‡‹†’‘‹–‘ˆǤ

APNI KAKSHA 9
(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
11. –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Šƒ•–™‘•‹†‡•› ൌ ଵ šƒ†› ൌ ଶ š™Š‡”‡ଵ ƒ†ଶ ƒ”‡–Š‡”‘‘–•‘ˆ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘
„Ƚଶ ൅ ʹŠȽ ൅ ƒ ൌ ͲǤ ˆሺƒǡ „ሻ„‡–Š‡‘”–Š‘ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ–Š‡ϐ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‹”†
•‹†‡‹–‡”•‘ˆƒǡ „ƒ†ŠǤ
12. ‹†–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•™Š‘•‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡š ൅ ʹ› െ ͷ ൌ ͲǢ
ʹš ൅ › െ ͹ ൌ Ͳ ƒ† š െ › ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ ™‹–Š‘—– †‡–‡”‹‹‰ –Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡”–‹ ‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡
–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǤŽ•‘ ‘’—–‡–Š‡–ƒ‰‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”ƒ‰Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†Š‡ ‡ ‘‡–—’‘
–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Ǥ
13. ‹† –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ •–”ƒ‹‰Š– Ž‹‡• ™Š‹ Š –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‘•‡ ‰‹˜‡ „› –Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘
͸š ଶ െ š› െ › ଶ ൅ š ൅ ͳʹ› െ ͵ͷ ൌ Ͳ ™‹ŽŽƒ‡ ƒ ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒ™Š‘•‡ †‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ• ‹–‡”•‡ – ‹–Š‡
‘”‹‰‹Ǥ
14. ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡Šƒ˜‹‰ሺͶǡ െͳሻƒ•ƒ˜‡”–‡šǡ‹ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•š െ ͳ ൌ Ͳƒ†
š െ › െ ͳ ൌ Ͳƒ”‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–™‘‹–‡”ƒŽ„‹•‡ –‘”•‘ˆ‹–•ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥ
15. “—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒŽ‹‡‹•‰‹˜‡„›› ൅ ʹƒ– ൌ –ሺš െ ƒ– ଶ ሻǡ –„‡‹‰–Š‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”Ǥ ‹†–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡
’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡ƒ–”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥ
16. Š‡‡†•ǡ ‘ˆƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•‡‰‡–‘ˆƒ ‘•–ƒ–Ž‡‰–Š̵ ̵•Ž‹†‡—’‘–Š‡ϐ‹š‡†”‡ –ƒ‰—Žƒ”
ƒš‡•Ƭ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”‡ –ƒ‰Ž‡„‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†–Š‡•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡
ˆ‘‘–‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”†”ƒ™ˆ”‘–‘‹•š ଶȀଷ ൅ › ଶȀଷ ൌ ଶȀଷ
Ǥ
17. Š‡•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡୰ ‫•‘ š ؠ‬Ƚ୰ ൅ ›•‹Ƚ୰ െ ’୰ ൌ Ͳǡ ሺ” ൌ ͳǡ ʹǡ ͵ሻǤ
Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡‘”–Š‘ ‡–‡”‹•‰‹˜‡„›ଵ ‘•ሺȽଶ െ Ƚଷ ሻ ൌ ଶ ‘•ሺȽଷ െ Ƚଵ ሻ ൌ ଷ  ‘•ሺȽଵ െ Ƚଶ ሻǤ
18. ‹•–Š‡’‘‹–ሺെͳǡ ʹሻǡƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š —–•–Š‡šƬ›ƒš‡•ƒ–Ƭ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›‹•–Š‡
’‘‹–‘•— Š–Šƒ–ǡ ǡ ƒ”‡ ǤǤŠ‘™–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ‹•–Š‡Ž‹‡› ൌ ʹšǤ
19. Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŽ–‹–—†‡•ǡǡ ‘ˆƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡š ൅ › ൌ Ͳǡ š െ Ͷ› ൌ Ͳƒ†
ʹš െ › ൌ Ͳ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆƒ”‡ሺ–ǡ െ–ሻǤ ‹† ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆƬǤ
”‘˜‡–Šƒ–‹ˆ–˜ƒ”‹‡•–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡–”‘‹†‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‹•š ൅ ͷ› ൌ ͲǤ
20. Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ’‘‹–ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻˆ”‘‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–™‘•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•™Š‹ Š’ƒ••‡•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”‹‰‹
‘ˆ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‹•ɁǢϐ‹†–Š‡ ‘„‹‡†‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•Ǥ








APNI KAKSHA 10

(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
EXERCISE–III
1. ‡– „‡ ƒ ”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡†‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ”‹‰Š–ƒ‰Ž‡†ƒ– ሺʹǡͳሻǤ ˆ–Š‡ ‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‹‡
‹•ʹš ൅ › ൌ ͵ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡’ƒ‹”‘ˆŽ‹‡•ƒ†‹• [JEE'99,]
ȋȌ͵š ଶ െ ͵› ଶ ൅ ͺš› ൅ ʹͲš ൅ ͳͲ› ൅ ʹͷ ൌ ͲȋȌ͵š ଶ െ ͵› ଶ ൅ ͺš› െ ʹͲš െ ͳͲ› ൅ ʹͷ ൌ Ͳ
ȋȌ͵š ଶ െ ͵› ଶ ൅ ͺš› ൅ ͳͲš ൅ ͳͷ› ൅ ʹͲ ൌ ͲȋȌ͵š ଶ െ ͵› ଶ െ ͺš› െ ͳͲš െ ͳͷ› െ ʹͲ ൌͲ
2. Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–™‘‡“—ƒŽ•‹†‡•ƒ†‘ˆƒ‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ”‡š ൅ › ൌ ͷƬ͹š െ › ൌ ͵
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ ‹†–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹†‡‹ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‘ˆ‹•ͷ—‹–•Ǥ 
[REE '99, 6]
3. (a)Š‡‹ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Š˜‡”–‹ ‡•ሺͳǡ ξ͵ሻǡ ሺͲǡ Ͳሻƒ†ሺʹǡ Ͳሻ‹•ǣ
ξଷ ଶ ଵ ଶ ξଷ ଵ
ȋȌቀͳǡ ቁ  ȋȌቀଷ ǡ ቁ  ȋȌቀଷ ǡ ቁ  ȋȌቀͳǡ ቁ
ଶ ξଷ ଶ ξଷ

(b)‡–„‡–Š‡‡†‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Š˜‡”–‹ ‡•ǡሺʹǡ ʹሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ െͳሻƒ†ሺ͹ǡ ͵ሻǤ

Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šሺͳǡ െͳሻƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹•
ȋȌʹš െ ͻ› െ ͹ ൌ Ͳ    ȋȌʹš െ ͻ› െ ͳͳ ൌ Ͳ
ȋȌʹš ൅ ͻ› െ ͳͳ ൌ Ͳ   ȋȌʹš ൅ ͻ› ൅ ͹ ൌ Ͳ   [JEE 2000]
(c) ‘”’‘‹–• ൌ ሺšଵ ǡ ›ଵ ሻƒ† ൌ ሺšଶ ǡ ›ଶ ሻ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡’Žƒ‡ǡƒ‡™†‹•–ƒ ‡†ሺǡ ሻ‹•
†‡ϐ‹‡†„›†ሺǡ ሻ ൌ ȁšଵ െ šଶ ȁ ൅ ȁ›ଵ െ ›ଶ ȁǤ‡– ൌ ሺͲǡ Ͳሻƒ† ൌ ሺ͵ǡ ʹሻǤ
”‘˜‡–Šƒ––Š‡•‡–‘ˆ’‘‹–•‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–“—ƒ†”ƒ–™Š‹ Šƒ”‡‡“—‹†‹•–ƒ–ȋ™‹–Š”‡•’‡ ––‘–Š‡‡™
†‹•–ƒ ‡Ȍˆ”‘ƒ† ‘•‹•–•‘ˆ–Š‡—‹‘‘ˆƒŽ‹‡•‡‰‡–‘ˆϐ‹‹–‡Ž‡‰–Šƒ†ƒ‹ϐ‹‹–‡”ƒ›Ǥ
‡– Š–Š‹••‡–‹ƒŽƒ„‡ŽŽ‡††‹ƒ‰”ƒǤ   [JEE 2000 (Mains) 10 out of 100]
4. ‹†–Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ’‘‹– ሺͶǡͳሻƒˆ–‡”‹–—†‡”‰‘‡•–Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘••— ‡••‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ
(i)‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡Ž‹‡ǡ› ൌ š െ ͳ     [REE 2000 (Mains)]
(ii)”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘„›‘‡—‹–ƒŽ‘‰šǦƒš‹•‹–Š‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ
(iii)‘–ƒ–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Šƒƒ‰Ž‡ɎȀͶƒ„‘—––Š‡‘”‹‰‹‹–Š‡ƒ–‹Ǧ Ž‘ ™‹•‡†‹”‡ –‹‘Ǥ
5. (a)”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž‘‰”ƒˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•› ൌ šǡ › ൌ š ൅ ͳǡ › ൌ šƒ†
› ൌ š ൅ ͳ‡“—ƒŽ•
ȁ୫ା୬ȁ ଶ ଵ ଵ
ȋȌ   ȋȌȁ୫ା୬ȁ  ȋȌȁ୫ା୬ȁ  ȋȌȁ୫ି୬ȁ
ሺ୫ି୬ሻమ

(b)Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ‹–‡‰‡”˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆǡˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡š ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ

–Š‡Ž‹‡•͵š ൅ Ͷ› ൌ ͻƒ†› ൌ š ൅ ͳ‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ‹–‡‰‡”ǡ‹•  [JEE 2001 (Screening)]
ȋȌʹ   ȋȌͲ   ȋȌͶ   ȋȌͳ
6. (a)‡– ൌ ሺെͳǡ Ͳሻǡ  ൌ ሺͲǡ Ͳሻƒ† ൌ ሺ͵ǡ ͵ξ͵ሻ„‡–Š”‡‡’‘‹–•ǤŠ‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡‹•
ξଷ ξଷ
ȋȌ ଶ š ൅ › ൌ Ͳ ȋȌš ൅ ξ͵› ൌ Ͳ ȋȌξ͵š ൅ › ൌ Ͳ ȋȌš ൅ › ൌ Ͳ
ଶ

APNI KAKSHA 11

(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
(b)•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‡‡–•–Š‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡ŽŽ‹‡•Ͷš ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͻƒ†ʹš ൅ › ൅ ͸ ൌ Ͳ
ƒ– ’‘‹–•  ƒ†  ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡ ’‘‹–  †‹˜‹†‡• –Š‡ •‡‰‡–  ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ–‹‘
ȋȌͳǣ ʹ  ȋȌ͵ǣ Ͷ  ȋȌʹǣ ͳ  ȋȌͶǣ ͵
(c)Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—†‡†„›–Š‡ —”˜‡•› ൌ ȁšȁ െ ͳƒ†› ൌ െȁšȁ ൅ ͳ‹• [JEE 2002 (Screening)]
ȋȌͳ   ȋȌʹ   ȋȌʹξʹ  ȋȌͶ
(d)•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‡‡–•–Š‡Ž‹‡š ൅ › ൌ ͳƒ†š ൅ › ൌ ͵ƒ–ƒ†
”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ”‘—‰Šƒ†–™‘•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡•ଵ ƒ†ଶ ƒ”‡†”ƒ™ǡ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ʹš െ › ൌ ͷƒ†
͵š ൅ › ൌ ͷ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ‹‡•ଵ ƒ†ଶ ‹–‡”•‡ –ƒ–ǤŠ‘™–Šƒ––Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆǡƒ•˜ƒ”‹‡•ǡ‹•ƒ
•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡Ǥ         [JEE 2002 (Mains)]
(e)  •–”ƒ‹‰Š– Ž‹‡  ™‹–Š ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ •Ž‘’‡’ƒ••‡• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ’‘‹– ሺͺǡʹሻ ƒ† —–• –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡
‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•ƒš‡•ƒ–’‘‹–•ƒ†Ǥ ‹†–Š‡ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡‹‹—˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ  ൅ ǡƒ•˜ƒ”‹‡•ǡ
™Š‡”‡‹•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹Ǥ       [JEE 2002 Mains,]
7. Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ„‘—†‡†„›–Š‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‹•‡ –‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•š ଶ െ › ଶ ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͳƒ†–Š‡Ž‹‡š ൅ › ൌ ͵ǡ‹•
ȋȌʹ  ȋȌ͵   ȋȌͶ   ȋȌ͸  [JEE 2004 (Screening)]
8. Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒŽ‹‡’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘šǦƒš‹•ƒ†’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Š
ሺŠǡ ሻ™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹‡•› ൌ šƒ†š ൅ › ൌ ʹ‹•ͶŠଶ Ǥ
‹†–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–Ǥ      [JEE 2005, Mains, 2]
9. (a)‡–ሺͲǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺ͵ǡ Ͷሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ Ͳሻ„‡–Š‡˜‡”–‹ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǤŠ‡’‘‹–‹•‹†‡–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡
 ‹• •— Š –Šƒ– –Š‡ –”‹ƒ‰Ž‡• ǡ ǡ  ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ‡“—ƒŽ ƒ”‡ƒǤ Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡• ‘ˆ  ƒ”‡
ସ ଶ ସ ସ ଶ
ȋȌሺଷ ǡ ͵ሻ ȋȌቀ͵ǡ ଷቁ  ȋȌቀ͵ǡ ଷቁ  ȋȌሺଷ ǡ ଷሻ

(b)‹‡•ଵ ǣ › െ š ൌ Ͳƒ†ଶ ǣ ʹš ൅ › ൌ Ͳ‹–‡”•‡ ––Š‡Ž‹‡ଷ ǣ › ൅ ʹ ൌ Ͳƒ–ƒ†ǡ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ

Š‡„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ —–‡ƒ‰Ž‡„‡–™‡‡ଵ ƒ†ଶ ‹–‡”•‡ –•ଷ ƒ–Ǥ
Statement-1:Š‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ‡“—ƒŽ•ʹξʹǣ ξͷ
because
Statement-2: ƒ›–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆƒƒ‰Ž‡†‹˜‹†‡•–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‹–‘–™‘•‹‹Žƒ”–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡•Ǥ
ȋȌ–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧͳ‹•–”—‡ǡ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•–”—‡Ǣ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•ƒ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•–ƒ–‡‡–ǦͳǤ
ȋȌ–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧͳ‹•–”—‡ǡ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•–”—‡Ǣ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•ƒ ‘””‡ –‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”•–ƒ–‡‡–ǦͳǤ
ȋȌ–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧͳ‹•–”—‡ǡ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡Ǥ
ȋȌ–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧͳ‹•ˆƒŽ•‡ǡ•–ƒ–‡‡–Ǧʹ‹•–”—‡Ǥ    [JEE 2007, 3+3]
10.  ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡Ž‹‡•‰‹˜‡„›ଵ ൌ š ൅ ͵› െ ͷ ൌ ͲǢ ଶ ൌ ͵š െ › െ ͳ ൌ ͲǢ ଷ ൌ ͷš ൅ ʹ› െ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ
ƒ– Š–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•Ȁš’”‡••‹‘‹Column-I™‹–Š–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•Ȁš’”‡••‹‘•‹Column-II
ƒ†‹†‹ ƒ–‡›‘—”ƒ•™‡”„›†ƒ”‡‹‰–Š‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡„—„„Ž‡•‹–Š‡Ͷ ൈ Ͷƒ–”‹š‰‹˜‡‹Ǥ
          [JEE 2008, 6]

APNI KAKSHA 12

(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
Column-I Column-II
ȋȌଵ ǡ ଶ ǡ ଷ ƒ”‡ ‘ —””‡–ǡ‹ˆ      ȋȌ ൌ െͻ
଺
ȋȌ‡‘ˆଵ ǡ ଶ ǡ ଷ‹•’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”–™‘ǡ ‹ˆ
 ȋȌ ൌ െ ହ
ହ
ȋȌଵ ǡ ଶ ǡ ଷ ˆ‘”ƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ‹ˆ      ȋȌ ൌ ଺
ȋȌଵ ǡ ଶ ǡ ଷ †‘‘–ˆ‘”ƒ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ǡ‹ˆ     ȋȌ ൌ ͷ
11.  Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”–Š‘ ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡Ž‹‡•   
ሺͳ ൅ ’ሻš െ ’› ൅ ’ሺͳ ൅ ’ሻ ൌ Ͳǡ ሺͳ ൅ “ሻš െ “› ൅ “ሺͳ ൅ “ሻ ൌ Ͳǡƒ†› ൌ Ͳǡ™Š‡”‡’ ് “ǡ‹•
ȋȌƒŠ›’‡”„‘Žƒ    ȋȌƒ’ƒ”ƒ„‘Žƒ   [IIT 2009]
ȋȌƒ‡ŽŽ‹’•‡     ȋȌƒ•–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡ 
12. •–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘‹–ሺ͵ǡ െʹሻ‹•‹ Ž‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ‰Ž‡͸Ͳ‫‡‹Ž‡Š–‘– ל‬ξ͵š ൅ › ൌ ͳǤ
ˆƒŽ•‘‹–‡”•‡ –•–Š‡šǦƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹•ǣ    [IIT 2011]
ȋȌ› ൅ ξ͵š ൅ ʹ െ ͵ξ͵ ൌ Ͳ   ȋȌ› െ ξ͵š ൅ ʹ ൅ ͵ξ͵ ൌ Ͳ
ȋȌξ͵› െ š ൅ ͵ ൅ ʹξ͵ ൌ Ͳ   ȋȌξ͵› ൅ š െ ͵ ൅ ʹξ͵ ൌ Ͳ
13.  Š‡šǦ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡–Šƒ–Šƒ•–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‘ˆ‹†’‘‹–•‘ˆ‹–•
•‹†‡•ƒ•ሺͲǡͳሻሺͳǡͳሻƒ†ሺͳǡͲሻ‹•ǣ      [IIT JEE Main - 2013]
ȋȌͳ െ ξʹ  ȋȌʹ ൅ ξʹ  ȋȌʹ െ ξʹ  ȋȌͳ ൅ ξʹ
14. ”ƒ›‘ˆŽ‹‰Š–ƒŽ‘‰š ൅ ξ͵› ൌ ξ͵‰‡–•”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡†—’‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰šǦƒš‹•ǡ–Š‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡
”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡†”ƒ›‹•ǣ        [IIT JEE Main - 2013]
ȋȌξ͵› ൌ š െ ͳ ȋȌ› ൌ š ൅ ξ͵ ȋȌξ͵› ൌ š െ ξ͵ ȋȌ› ൌ ξ͵š െ ξ͵
15. ‘”ƒ ൐ „ ൐ ൐ Ͳǡ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ሺͳǡͳሻƒ†–Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ‹–‡”•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‹‡•
ƒš ൅ „› ൅ ൌ Ͳƒ†„š ൅ ƒ› ൅ ൌ Ͳ‹•Ž‡••–ŠƒʹξʹǤŠ‡ [IIT JEE Advance - 2013]
ȋȌƒ ൅ „ െ ൐ Ͳ ȋȌƒ െ „ ൅ ൏ Ͳ ȋȌƒ െ „ ൅ ൐ Ͳ ȋȌƒ ൅ „ െ ൏ Ͳ
16. ‡–„‡–Š‡‡†‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Š˜‡”–‹ ‡•ሺʹǡʹሻǡ ሺ͸ǡ െͳሻƒ†ሺ͹ǡ͵ሻǤŠ‡‡“—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ
–Š‡Ž‹‡’ƒ••‹‰–Š”‘—‰Šሺͳǡ െͳሻƒ†’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž–‘‹•   [IIT JEE Main - 2014]
ȋȌʹš െ ͻ› െ ͳͳ ൌ ͲȋȌͶš െ ͹› െ ͳͳ ൌ ͲȋȌʹš ൅ ͻ› ൅ ͹ ൌ ͲȋȌͶš ൅ ͹› ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳ
17. ‘”ƒ’‘‹–‹–Š‡’Žƒ‡ǡŽ‡–†ଵ ሺሻƒ††ଶ ሺሻ„‡–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‹–ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‹‡•
š െ › ൌ Ͳƒ†š ൅ › ൌ Ͳ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›ǤŠ‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‰‹‘ ‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆƒŽŽ’‘‹–•Ž›‹‰‹
–Š‡ϐ‹”•–“—ƒ†”ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡’Žƒ‡ƒ†•ƒ–‹•ˆ›‹‰ʹ ൑ †ଵ ሺሻ ൅ †ଶ ሺሻ ൑ Ͷǡ‹•  
         [IIT JEE Advance - 2014]
18. Š‡‘”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ —”˜‡ǡš ଶ ൅ ʹš› െ ͵› ଶ ൌ Ͳǡƒ–ሺͳǡͳሻǣ   [IIT JEE Main - 2015]
ȋȌ‡‡–•–Š‡ —”˜‡ƒ‰ƒ‹‹–Š‡ˆ‘—”–Š“—ƒ†”ƒ–
ȋȌ†‘‡•‘–‡‡––Š‡ —”˜‡ƒ‰ƒ‹
ȋȌ‡‡–•–Š‡ —”˜‡ƒ‰ƒ‹‹–Š‡•‡ ‘†“—ƒ†”ƒ–
ȋȌ‡‡–•–Š‡ —”˜‡ƒ‰ƒ‹‹–Š‡–Š‹”†“—ƒ†”ƒ–

APNI KAKSHA 13

(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
19. Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ’‘‹–•ǡŠƒ˜‹‰„‘–Š ‘Ǧ‘”†‹ƒ–‡•ƒ•‹–‡‰‡”•ǡ–Šƒ–Ž‹‡‹–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”‘ˆ–Š‡
–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Š˜‡”–‹ ‡•ሺͲǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺͲǡ Ͷͳሻƒ†ሺͶͳǡ Ͳሻǡ‹•ǣ   [IIT JEE Main - 2015]
ȋȌ͹ͺͲ  ȋȌͻͲͳ  ȋȌͺ͸ͳ ȋȌͺʹͲ
20. ™‘•‹†‡•‘ˆƒ”Š‘„—•ƒ”‡ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡Ž‹‡•ǡš െ › ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳƒ†͹š െ › െ ͷ ൌ ͲǤ ˆ‹–•†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•
‹–‡”•‡ –ƒ–ሺെͳǡ െʹሻǡ–Š‡™Š‹ Š‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹•ƒ˜‡”–‡š‘ˆ–Š‹•”Š‘„—•ǫ
ଵ ଼ ଵ଴ ଻
ȋȌሺെ͵ǡ െͻሻ  ȋȌሺെ͵ǡ െͺሻ  ȋȌቀଷ ǡ െ ଷቁ ȋȌቀെ ଷ
ǡ െ ଷቁ[IIT JEE Main - 2016]
21. ‡–Ƚǡ ɉǡ Ɋ ‫•‘‹–ƒ—“‡”ƒ‡‹Žˆ‘‡–•›•‡Š–”‡†‹•‘א‬   [JEE Advanced - 2016]
Ƚš ൅ ʹ› ൌ ɉ
͵š െ ʹ› ൌ Ɋ
Š‹ Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–ȋ•Ȍ‹•ȋƒ”‡Ȍ ‘””‡ –ǫ
ȋȌ ˆȽ ൌ െ͵ǡ–Š‡–Š‡•›•–‡Šƒ•‹ϐ‹‹–‡Ž›ƒ›•‘Ž—–‹‘•ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆɉƒ†ɊǤ
ȋȌ ˆȽ ് െ͵ǡ–Š‡–Š‡•›•–‡Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆɉƒ†ɊǤ
ȋȌ ˆɉ ൅ Ɋ ൌ Ͳǡ–Š‡–Š‡•›•–‡Šƒ•‹ϐ‹‹–‡Ž›ƒ›•‘Ž—–‹‘ˆ‘”Ƚ ൌ െ͵
ȋȌ ˆɉ ൅ Ɋ ് Ͳǡ–Š‡–Š‡•›•–‡Šƒ•‘•‘Ž—–‹‘ˆ‘”Ƚ ൌ െ͵
22.  ‡–„‡ƒ‹–‡‰‡”•— Š–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡™‹–Š˜‡”–‹ ‡•ሺǡ െ͵ሻǡ ሺͷǡ ሻƒ†ሺെǡ ʹሻŠƒ•ƒ”‡ƒʹͺ“Ǥ
‹–•ǤŠ‡–Š‡‘”–Š‘ ‡–”‡‘ˆ–Š‹•–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡‹•ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–ǣ  [IIT JEE Main - 2017]
ଷ ଵ ଵ ଷ
ȋȌቀͳǡ െ ቁ   ȋȌቀʹǡ ቁ  ȋȌቀʹǡ െ ቁ  ȋȌቀͳǡ ቁ 
ସ ଶ ଶ ସ
23. •–”ƒ‹‰Š–Ž‹‡–Š”‘—‰Šƒϐ‹š‡†’‘‹–ሺʹǡ ͵ሻ‹–‡”•‡ –•–Š‡ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒš‡•ƒ–†‹•–‹ –’‘‹–•
ƒ†Ǥ ˆ‹•–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒ†–Š‡”‡ –ƒ‰Ž‡‹• ‘’Ž‡–‡†ǡ–Š‡–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆ‹•
[JEE Main 2018]
ȋȌ͵š ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͸š›  ȋȌ͵š ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͸ ȋȌʹš ൅ ͵› ൌ š› ȋȌ͵š ൅ ʹ› ൌ š›
Question Stem for Question Nos. 24 and 25
Question Stem [JEE Advanced - 2021]
‘•‹†‡”–Š‡Ž‹‡•ଵ ƒ†ଶ †‡ϐ‹‡†„›
ଵ ǣ šξʹ ൅ › െ ͳ ൌ Ͳƒ†ଶ ǣ šξʹ െ › ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳ
‘”ƒϐ‹š‡† ‘•–ƒ–ɉǡŽ‡–„‡–Š‡Ž‘ —•‘ˆƒ’‘‹–•— Š–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘†— –‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ
ˆ”‘ଵ ƒ†–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆˆ”‘ଶ ‹•ɉଶ ǤŠ‡Ž‹‡› ൌ ʹš ൅ ͳ‡‡–•ƒ––™‘’‘‹–•ƒ†ǡ
™Š‡”‡–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ƒ†ͷ‹•ξʹ͹ͲǤ
‡––Š‡’‡”’‡†‹ —Žƒ”„‹•‡ –‘”‘ˆ‡‡–ƒ––™‘†‹•–‹ –’‘‹–•ᇱ ƒ† ᇱ Ǥ
‡–„‡–Š‡•“—ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•–ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡ᇱ ƒ† ᇱ Ǥ
24.  Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆɉଶ ‹•̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴Ǥ
25.  Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‹•̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴Ǥ

APNI KAKSHA 14

(Mathematic) STRAIGHT LINES
Answer Key
EXERCISE–I
଼ ଷ ଶଶ ଷଵ
Q. 1  (a)ቀʹǡ ଷቁ Ǣ(b)ȋͶሻ Q. 2   ቀ଻ ǡ ଻
ቁ  Q. 3 ሺ͵͵ǡ ʹ͸ሻ Q. 4   ൌ ͹‘” ଽ 

Q. 5  ͳǣ ʹǢ ሺെͷǡ െ͵ሻ Q. 6  ͺ͵š െ ͵ͷ› ൅ ͻʹ ൌ Ͳ  Q. 7  ʹš ൅ › െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ 

଻ ଵଷ ଷ ଷ
Q. 8 ቀଶ ǡ ଶ ቁ‘”ቀെ ଶ ǡ ଶቁ Q. 10  š െ › ൌ Ͳ Q. 11  ͻͳ“Ǥ‹–• Q. 12  ͸‹–•  

Q. 13  ƒଶ ൅ „ଶ ൌ ƒᇱଶ ൅ „ᇱଶ Ǣ ሺƒ ൅ ƒᇱ ሻš ൅ ሺ„ ൅ „ᇱ ሻ› ൅ ሺ ൅ ᇱ ሻ ൌ ͲǢ ሺƒ െ ƒᇱ ሻš ൅ ሺ„ െ „ᇱ ሻ› ൌ Ͳ
Q. 14  ͵‹–•  Q. 15 ൌ െͶǢ ሺʹǡ ͲሻǢ ሺͶǡ Ͷሻ  
Q. 16  š ൅ ͷ› ൅ ͷξʹ ൌ Ͳ‘”š ൅ ͷ› െ ͷξʹ ൌ Ͳ
ଵାξଵ଴
Q. 17  š െ ͵› െ ͵ͳ ൌ Ͳ‘”͵š ൅ › ൅ ͹ ൌ Ͳ  Q. 18 ʹš ൅ ʹ› ൅ ξʹ ൌ Ͳ Q. 19  
ଷ

Q. 20  š െ ͷ ൌ Ͳ  Q. 21 Ͷ͹  
ହ஠
Q. 22  š ൅ › ൌ ͳǢ š ൅ ͻ› ൌ ͳQ. 23Ͳ ൏ Ʌ ൏ ଺
െ –ƒିଵ  ͵

Q. 24 ͷ͵͵   Q. 25 ȋ‹Ȍƒ”‡ƒൌ ͸“Ǥ‹–•ǡȋ‹‹Ȍ†‹ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•ƒ”‡ξͷƬξͷ͵

EXERCISE-II
ଵ ଶ
Q. 1 š ൅ Ͷ› ൌ ͶǢ ͷš ൅ ʹ› ൌ ͺ Q. 2  ƒ ൌ ͳͳǡ ൌ ͹ͺ Q. 3 ሺͳǡ െʹሻǡ›‡•ቀଷ ǡ െ ଷቁ

Q. 4 › ൌ š ൅ ͺξ͵ െ ͳ͸  Q. 5  ͹š ൅ ʹͶ› ൅ ͳͺʹ ൌ Ͳ‘”š ൌ െʹ

ହ
Q. 7 ሺͲǡ Ͳሻ‘”ቀͲǡ ଶቁ  Q. 8  ͳͶš ൅ ʹ͵› ൌ ͶͲ

Q. 9 ͵š ൅ ͸› െ ͳ͸ ൌ ͲǢ ͺš ൅ ͺ› ൅ ͹ ൌ ͲǢ ͳʹš ൅ ͸› െ ͳͳ ൌ Ͳ 
Q. 10 š ଶ ൅ Ͷ› ଶ ൅ Ͷš› ൅ Ͷš െ ʹ› െ ͳ ൌ Ͳ 
Q. 11 ሺƒ ൅ „ሻሺƒš ൅ „›ሻ ൌ ƒ„ሺƒ ൅ „ െ ʹŠሻ
ଷ ଷ
Q. 12 •“Ǥ—‹–•ǡቀ͵ǡ ͵ǡ ቁǡ‹•‘• ‡Ž‡•Q. 13 ͸š ଶ െ š› െ › ଶ െ š െ ͳʹ› െ ͵ͷ ൌ Ͳ
ଶ ସ

Q. 14 ʹš െ › ൅ ͵ ൌ Ͳǡ ʹš ൅ › െ ͹ ൌ Ͳǡ š െ ʹ› െ ͸ ൌ Ͳ  Q. 15 › ଶ ൌ ƒሺš െ ͵ƒሻ  
ଶ୲ ୲ ୲
Q. 19  ቀെ ଷ
ǡ െ ଺ቁ ǡ  ቀଶ ǡ –ቁQ. 20 ሺ›ଵ ଶ െ Ɂଶ ሻš ଶ െ ʹšଵ ›ଵ š› ൅ ሺšଵ ଶ െ Ɂଶ ሻ› ଶ ൌ Ͳ

EXERCISE–III
Q. 1 ȋȌ 
Q. 2 š െ ͵› ൅ ʹͳ ൌ Ͳǡ š െ ͵› ൅ ͳ ൌ Ͳǡ ͵š ൅ › ൌ ͳʹǡ ͵š ൅ › ൌ ʹ 
Q. 3 (a)ȋȌǢ(b) (ሻ  Q. 4 ሺͶǡͳሻ ՜ ሺʹǡ ͵ሻ ՜ ሺ͵ǡ ͵ሻ ՜ ሺͲǡ ͵ξʹሻ Q. 5 (a)Ǣ(b)
Q. 6 ȋƒȌǢȋ„ȌǢȋ ȌǢȋ†Ȍš െ ͵› ൅ ͷ ൌ ͲǢȋ‡Ȍͳͺ    Q. 7 ȋȌ
Q. 8 › ൌ ʹš ൅ ͳǡ › ൌ െʹš ൅ ͳ Q. 9ȋƒȌǢȋ„Ȍ Q. 10 ȋȌǢȋȌǡǢȋȌǢȋȌǡǡ
Q.11  ȋȌ Q.12 ȋȌ Q.13  ȋȌ Q. 14 ȋȌ Q. 15 ȋȀ‘”ǡȌ Q. 16 ȋȌ
Q. 17 ȋ͸Ȍ Q. 18 ȋȌ Q. 19 ȋȌ Q. 20 ȋȌ Q. 21 ȋǡǡȌ Q.22 ȋȌ 
Q. 23 ȋȌ Q. 24 ȋͻǤͲͲȌ Q. 25 ȋ͹͹ǤͳͶȌ
APNI KAKSHA 15