ASSIGNMENT NO 2

COURSE: COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS

SUBMITTED TO: DR UZMA HASSAN

SUBMITTED BY: SOFIA NASEEM

BSPH BATCH III

Q1. Tabulate the differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

FEATURES KWASHIORKOR MARASMUS

Fat wasting Fat often retained Severe loss of
but not firm subcutaneous fat

Etiology Due to protein deficiency Due to protein and calorie

deficiency

Muscle wasting Sometimes hidden by Obvious

oedema and fat

Oedema Present in lower legs, Oedema is absent

and usually on face
and lower arms

Changes in 1.Bulging protuding stomach 1.Shrinked stomach

phyiscal 2.Mild weight loss 2. severe weight loss
appearance 3.Ribs are not prominent 3. Ribs are prominent

Appetite poor Usually good

Weight for height Low but usually masked by Very low

oedema

Skin changes Flaky skin Usually none

Diffuse pigmentation

Occurence Young children (6 months to 5 Infants are most affected

years)
 liver Enlarged due to fatty liver Absence of fatty liver

Q2. Briefly describe the preventive measures of PEM

HEALTH PROMOTION

1. Measures directed to pregnant and lactating women; education, supplements.

2. Promotion of breast feeding.
3. Development of low-cost weaning food.
4. Measures to improve family diet.
5. Nutritional education.
6. Home economics.
7. Family planning and spacing of birth.
8. Family environment

SPECIFIC PROTECTION

1. The child diet must contain protein and energy rich foods.
2. Milk, eggs, fresh fruits should be given.
3. Immunization.
4. Food fortification

EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

1. Periodic surveillance.
2. Early diagnosis of any lag in growth.
3. Early diagnosis and treatment of infections and diarrhea.
4. Development of programs for early rehydration of children with diarrhea.
5. Development of supplementary feeding during epidemics.
6. Deworming of heavily infested children.

REHABILITATION
1. Nutritional rehabilitative services.
2. Hospital treatment.
3. Follow-up care.