I.

LISTENING ( 50 pts)
Part 1. Holt is talking about the influence of the family on a child's personality. For
questions 1-5, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
1. In Kate's opinion, what accounts for personality differences between siblings?
A. Every person is born with a nature which is unique.
B. Each child is exposed to a unique set of experiences.
C. Children are influenced by people from outside the family.
D. Parents adopt varying approaches to child-rearing over time.
2. Kate says that, compared to younger siblings, the oldest child in a family will often ______
A. be under greater pressure to do well in life.
B. receive more parental love and affection.
C. develop a more cautious personality.
D. become more ambitious in later life.
3. What docs Kate describe as the typical traits of younger siblings?
A. They tend to be less successful in academic subjects.
B. They tend to be closer to their father than their mother.
C. Their main priority is to establish a distinctive identity.
D. Their interests often closely reflect those of their parents.
4. According to Kate, the extent to which a child is affected by the birth of a younger sibling
depends on________
A. the personality of that sibling. B. how closc the children arc in age.
C. the number of children in the family. D. how the parents deal with any problems.
5. In Kate's view, a child will go on to develop successful adult relationships if it ______
A. inherits certain social skills. B. is taught to control its emotions.
C. is cared for by a variety of people. D. has a good model of behaviour to follow.

 Write your answers here.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. Listen to the radio interview and for questions 6 – 10 and decide which statements
are true (T) or false (F).

Page 1 of 23 pages
 6. Roger believes that his work is quite exciting.

7. Roger says that he understands exactly what cats are thinking.

8. If a cat's tail is fluffed up and pointing down, the cat is very angry.

9. When two cats are about to fight, the most aggressive one will have its ears
pointing forwards.

10. Cats can understand if you are friendly to them by the way you talk to them.

 Write your answers here.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. You will hear people talking in five different situations. For questions 11-15, Listen
and write the answers to each question.

11. Listen to Joan telling Pam about her holiday. Why didn't she and her husband enjoy
themselves?
____________________________________________________________________
12. You are at the airport when you hear this conversation between a member of staff and a
passenger. What is the woman's problem?
____________________________________________________________________
13. You overhear a man talking to his friend. Why did the man miss his train?
____________________________________________________________________
14. You are in a hotel when you hear this conversation between a man and the receptionist. What
is the problem?
____________________________________________________________________
15. You hear a woman describing her holiday to a friend. What does she complain about?
____________________________________________________________________

 Write your answers here.

11.

12.

13.

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 14.

15.

Part 4: Questions 16 – 25. You are going listen to part of a radio programme about
'Impression Management'. Listen and complete the following sentences with a word or short
phrase.

Impression management is the science of (16) __________ appropriately to another person's

body language.

An open posture involves a speaker standing (17) __________ his audience.

An open posture projects (18) __________ to listeners.

Crossed legs and (19) __________ arms are characteristics of a closed posture.

A closed posture suggests that the person is afraid of (20) __________

(21) __________ when listening indicates that the person is accepting what you are saying,
and that he is ready to (22) __________ affirmatively.

When someone stares at (23) __________ , it may be a good idea to (24) __________ for a
little or end the discussion.

Observations of people under (25) __________ have shown that most of us do not understand
the basics of impression management.

 Write your answers here.

16. 17.

18. 19.

20. 21.

22. 23.

24. 25.

II. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY ( 30 pts)

Part 1. Choose the word or phrase that best fits each blank in the following sentences.
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26. They lived in a thatched cottage in a ________ village in the heart of the English countryside.
A. dense B. conventional C. lush D. quaint
27. As they travelled across the________ landscape, each one of them wondered how it was
possible to grow anything there.
A. barren B. bustling C. grimy D. mundane
28. Elena is a _____ talented singer and has already had three successful albums.
A. deeply B. perceptibly C. remarkably D. absolutely
29. John and Sarah lived in the back of________ and it always took us a whole day to drive
there.
A. the country B. isolation C. nowhere D. beyond
30. The new restaurant in town has a wonderfully relaxing ________.
A. ambience B. environment C. impression D. attitude
31. Sales of the new product line________ the company's profits in the last quarter.
A. cheered B. boosted C. encouraged D. celebrated
32. The manager was forced to make a________ decision while he was under pressure and it was
one he would live to regret.
A. fresh B. close C. snap D. bitter
33. His diet was ________ in the vitamins he needed in order to be healthy.
A. scarce B. deficient C. packed D. dependent
34. We can trace his problems the time of his accident.
A. in for B. out of C. away fromD. back to
35. The new company had been________ with one problem after another and looked as if it were
about to go under.
A. glorified B. tainted C. fraught D. bewildered

 Write your answers here.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

Part 2: The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write the corrections
in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning (0).

WORKING WITH GORILLAS

1 When we woke up, it was (0) poured with rain. Everything was soaking wet and
2 I knew this would have a major affect on the gorilla project we were working on.
If we were to meet our goals for the month, we had to be able to travel freely
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 3 through the forest. However, if it kept on raining, the rivers would flood, doing
4 the tracks impassable. Thus began the worst rainfall and floods in the area in
5 living memory. This would have serious consequences for the animals we were
6 monitoring, who were in dangerous of being killed by bandits if we were unable
7 to keep a watch on them. On occasion, I had been unfortunate enough to come
8 up with some of these poachers and they were very dangerous. They had already
9 wiped out most of the forest elephant popularity in the area and could do the
10 same to our gorillas if we didn't stop them.
11

 Write your answers here.

Questions Line Mistake Correction

0 1 poured pouring

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

Part 3. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition or a particle to complete the following sentences.

41. I don’t want to put you _________ but could you work late tonight?
42. He will carry his plan ________ despite all your objections.
43. CBN has just brought ________ a collection of songs from the sixties.
44. My family was so worried about my sister because she decided to run _____ ______ a
married man.
45. Kate is feeling ________ _________ the dumps because her boyfriend has left her.

 Write your answers here.

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Part 4. Fill in each blank with the most suitable form of the word in brackets.

The last orangutans

The orangutan is our closest living (46) ___________ among the animal RELATIVE
species. There is just a two percent difference in our DNA and this perhaps

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 (47) ___________ for the number of tourists flocking to the rainforests of COUNT
south-east Asia in the hope of seeing the creatures in close (48) -
_____________________. Just glimpsing one is an (49) ___________ PROXIMATE
experience. With logging and oil-palm production destroying their FORGET
precious habitat at an ever (50) ___________ pace, the animal is on the QUICK
brink of extinction. Mass tourism itself must take part of the blame for the
creature's demise, but for anyone determined to see one, a (51) -
___________ center offers the chance to do so in a regulated environment. REHABILITATE
The recent discovery of a new population off orangutans in a largely (52) -
___________ area of Borneo is a bit of positive news in an otherwise ACCESS
bleak situation. A team of conservationists has (53) ___________ the need
to protect the group, both by (54) ___________ unwanted tourists, and by LIGH
ensuring the remote region remains (55) __________ by the sort of COURAGE
development that has done so much damage elsewhere. TOUCH

 Write your answers here.

46. 47. 48. 49.

50. 51. 52. 53.

54. 55.

PART III: READING (60 pts.)

Part 1: For questions 56–65, read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or
D) best fits each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHED
Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going around
for years. However, few (56)____________ have been made to investigate the phenomenon
scientifically. Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring effect,
there is impressive evidence that this is a recognizable and (57)____________ sixth sense. The
study involved hundreds of children. For the experiments, they sat with their eyes (58)
____________ so they could not see, and with their backs to other children, who were told to
either stare at them or look away. Time and time again the results showed that the children who
could not see were able to tell when they were being stared at. In a total of more than 18,000
trials carried out worldwide, the children (59)____________ sensed when they were being

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watched almost 70% of the time. The experiment was repeated with the (60)____________
precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside the room, (61)____________
from the starers by the windows. This was done just in case there was some (62)____________
going on with the children telling each other whether they were looking or not. This prevented
the possibility of sounds being (63)____________ between the children. The results, though less
impressive, were more or less the same. Dr Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study,
believes that the results are (64)____________ enough to find out through further experiments
(65)____________ how the staring effect might actually come about.

56. A. tries B. tests C. attempts D. aims

57. A. genuine B. accepted C. received D. sure
58. A. shaded B. wrapped C. masked D. covered
59. A. exactly B. correctly C. thoroughly D. perfectly
60. A. attached B. added C. connected D. increased
61. A. separated B. parted C. split D. divided
62. A. pretending B. lying C. cheating D. deceiving
63. A. delivered B. transported C. transmitted D. distributed
64. A. satisfying B. convincing C. concluding D. persuading
65. A. really B. carefully C. definitely D. precisely

 Write your answers here.

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Part 2: For questions 66-75, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Laughing is Good for you – Seriously

It is a sad fact (0) that adults laugh far less than children, sometimes (66)….....as much as a
couple of hundred times a day. Just take a look at people’s faces on the way to work or in the
office: you’ll be lucky to see a smile, let (67)………hear a laugh. This is a shame -especially in
(68)………of the fact that scientists have proved that laughing is good for you. “When you
laugh,” says psychologist David Cohen, “it produces the feel-good hormones, endorphins. It
counters the effects of stress (69)………..enhances the immune system .”

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There are many reasons why we might laugh less in adult life: perhaps we are too work-obsessed;
or too embarrassed to (70)…………our emotions show. Some psychologists simply believe that
children have more naive responses, and as adults we naturally grow (71) .................. of
spontaneous reactions.
Luckily, however, it is possible to relearn the art of laughter. In India” laughter clinics have been
growing (72)………popularity over the last few years, (73)……….to the efforts of Dr Madan
Kataria, whose work has won him a devoted following. Dr Kataria believes that his laughing
techniques can help to strengthen the immune system and lower stress levels, (74)…………other
things. He teaches his patients different laughs or giggles to relax specific parts of the body. In
1998 when Dr Kataria organized a World Laughter Day at Bombay racetrack, 10,000 people (75)
…………up.
 Write your answers here.

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Part 3: For questions 76-85, Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
The book of the century

A classic of our times or an escapist yarn? Although its popularity is

unparalleled, some intellectuals dismiss The Lord of the Rings as boyish
fantasy. Andrew O'Hehir defends Tolkien's ‘true myth’ as a modern
masterpiece, and attempts to discover the secret of its success.
In January 1997, reporter Susan Jeffreys of the London Sunday Times informed a colleague that
J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings had been voted the greatest book of the 20th
century in a readers' poll conducted by Britain's Channel 4 and the Waterstone's bookstore chain.
Her colleague responded: "What? Has it? Oh dear. Dear oh dear oh dear."
Attitudes in America are arguably more relaxed about this kind of thing. No one from the
American educated classes expressed much dismay when a 1999 poll of American on-line
bookshop Amazon.com customers chose The Lord of the Rings as the greatest book not merely of
the century but of the millennium. Tolkien's book is so deeply ingrained in popular culture, after
all, that a great many of today's American academics and journalists probably still have those
dog-eared paperbacks they read avidly in eighth grade with their hallucinatory mid-1970s cover
art, stashed somewhere in the attic.
Furthermore, members of the U.S. intelligentsia fully expect to have their tastes ignored, if not
openly derided, by the public at large. To some American intellectuals it seems gratifying, even
Page 8 of 23 pages
touching, that so many millions of readers will happily devour a work as complicated as The
Lord of the Rings. Whatever one may make of it, it's a more challenging read than Gone With the
Wind (runner-up in the Amazon survey), not to mention Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
(fifth place).
Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th
century literature. Tolkien's epic poses a stern challenge to modern literature and its defenders.
(Tolkien on his critics: "Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it. have
found it boring, absurd, or contemptible; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar
opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently prefer.") Yet The Lord of
the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien's work
supplied something that was missing among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction,
something for which readers were ravenous. But what was it, and why was it important?
Answering this question properly would probably require a book rather than an article. But it
seems that the crux of the matter lies in Tolkien's wholehearted rejection of modernity and
modernism. This is what so powerfully attracts some readers, and just as powerfully repels
others. In his book J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. T.A. Shippey expands on this notion by
arguing that Tolkien saw his realm of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the
recovery of something genuine that had become buried beneath fragments of fairy tale and
nursery rhyme.
"However fanciful Tolkien's creation of Middle-earth was," Shippey writes, "he did not think that
he was entirely making it up. He was 'reconstructing', he was harmonising contradictions in his
source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts (like hobbits), but he was also
reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really existed, at least in a
collective imagination."
The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien's linguistic expertise - he invented whole languages
for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he
put the story itself aside for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some
quandary or inconsistency in his invented realm had been resolved. But I Tolkien's immense
intellect and erudition s not the source of his success; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of
the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to stem straight from his
refusal to break from classical and traditional forms.
Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something 'found' or 'discovered', something whose
existence was independent of him. It's wise to tread lightly in this sort of interpretation, but it

Page 9 of 23 pages
seems clear that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which
contained a kind of truth beyond measure. As a result, his details have the weight of reality,
linguistic and otherwise, and because of this his great sweep of story feels real as well: you might
say that his imaginary castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone. Other writers'
fantasy worlds are made up. Tolkien's is inherited.
76. When The Lord of the Rings was voted the greatest book of the 20th century, ______
A. many Americans were annoyed.
B. some people didn't believe it.
C. some people found the fact shocking.
D. American academics disagreed.
77. It is implied in the second paragraph that The Lord of the Rings
A is more popular in the States than in the UK.
B is taught in many schools throughout the world.
C is mainly appreciated by academics and journalists.
D is mostly read by school children.
78. The word “gratifying” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____
A. horrifying B. surprising C. pleasing D. depressing
79. What does the writer mean in the underlined parts in paragraph 3: “ … so many millions of
readers will happily devour a work as complicated as ….”?
A. never read this book because it is so complicated
B. be willing to read this book, despite the fact that it is very difficult.
C. be heavily influenced by the fact that Tolkien was an expert at languages.
D. be willing to put this book down due to its complication.
80. What do we learn about Gone With the Wind?
A. It was once more popular than The Lord of the Rings.
B. It is seen as more challenging than The Lord of the Rings.
C. It was voted one place behind The Lord of the Rings.
D. It is more touching than The Lord of the Rings.
81. What was Tolkien's reaction to criticism of The Lord of the Rings?
A. He felt it was unjustified. B. He wasn't bothered by it.

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 C. He couldn't understand it. D. He partly agreed with it.
82. According to Shippey, Tolkien believed that the world he described ____
A. was full of unresolved contradictions.
B. was completely accurate, historically.
C. was imaginative but not pure fantasy.
D. was as incredible as his sources.
83. The word “fragments” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _____
A. small pieces B. lots of solids C. large shapes D. huge sections
84. Making up languages for The Lord of the Rings___________
A. helped Tolkien to take the story forward.
B. was more interesting to Tolkien than writing the story.
C. was sometimes rather frustrating for Tolkien.
D. resulted in lengthy interruptions to Tolkien's writing.
85. According to the writer of the article, the details in Tolkien's work
A. are sometimes rather difficult to follow.
B. make the story seem more realistic.
C. include some modern elements.
D. can be interpreted in many different ways.
 Write your answers here.

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

Part 4. For questions 86-95, Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (12 pts)
THE TRUE COST OF FOOD

A. At an organic farming conference in Winnipeg, Canada, a woman in the audience stood up

and said; “Organic foods are not going to become popular with mainstream consumers until
they became quick, convenient, and cheap.” The comment causes much thinking about the
nature of our food system and about what we have done to try to make foods quick,
convenient, and cheap for consumers.

Page 11 of 23 pages
B. At the farm level, our never-ending quest for cheap food is the root cause of the
transformation of agriculture from a system of small, diversified, independently operated,
family farms into a system of large-scale, industrialized, corporately controlled
agribusinesses. The production technologies that supported specialization, mechanization, and
ultimately, large-scale, contract production, were all developed to make agriculture more
efficient – to make food cheaper for consumers. Millions of farmers have been forced off the
land, those remaining are sacrificing their independence, and thousands of small farming
communities have withered and died – all for the sake of cheap food. These were the
consequences of progress, so we were told. The agricultural establishment has boasted loudly
that ever fewer farmers have been able to feed a growing nation with an ever-decreasing share
of consumer income spent for food.

C. Changes in the food system have brought considerable cost to the environment and human
health. Such problems have been widely documented over recent decades, but it is only
recently that efforts to put a monetary cost on them have begun to emerge. These costs are
telling us something fundamentally important about the real costs of modern food and
farming. A group of scientists at the University of Essex recently completed the first national
study of the environmental and health impacts of modern farming. They looked at what are
called “externalities” – the costs imposed by an activity that are borne by others. These costs
are not part of the prices paid by producers or consumers. And when such externalities are not
included in prices, they distort the market. They encourage activities that are costly to society
even if the private benefits to farmers are substantial.

D. A heavy lorry that damages a bridge, or pollutes the atmosphere, externalizes some of its
costs – and others pay for them. Similarly, a pesticide used to control a pest imposes costs on
others if it leaks away from fields to contaminate drinking water. The types of externality
encountered in the agricultural sector have four distinct features; 1) their costs are often
neglected; 2) they often occur with a time lag; 3) they often damage groups whose interests
are not represented; and 4) the identity of the producer of the externality is not always known.

E. The study sought to put a cost on these externalities in the UK. It concentrated on the negative
side-effects of conventional agriculture – in particular the environmental and health costs.
Two types of damage cost were estimated; 1) the treatment or prevention costs incurred to
clean up the environment and restore human health to comply with legislation or to return
these to an undamaged state and 2) the administration costs incurred by public agencies for

Page 12 of 23 pages
 monitoring environmental, food and health implications. It is conservatively estimated that
the total costs are £2.34 billion for 1996 alone in the UK. Significant costs arise from
contamination of drinking water with pesticides (£120 million per year), nitrate (£16m),
Cryptosporidium (£23m) and phosphate and soil (£55m), from damage to wildlife, habitats,
hedgerows and dry stone walls (£124m), from emissions of gases (£1,113m), from soil
erosion and organic carbon losses (£96m), and from food poisoning (£169m).

F. Water is an interesting case. Twenty-five million kilograms of pesticides are used each year
in farming – and some of these get into water. It costs water companies £120 million each
year to remove pesticides – not completely, but to a level stipulated in law as acceptable.
Water companies do not pay this cost – they pass it on to those who pay water bills. This
represents a hidden subsidy to those who pollute. Some of the costs are straightforward to
measure, others more difficult. How do we know about the effects of the greenhouse gases
methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide produced by farming? Economists have been able
to put a£/tonne cost on these gases based on agreed estimates about the effects of future
climate change. The study has been very conservative, using lower estimates of costs. But
still the costs are great.

G. Each of these costs should provoke questions about how they could be reduced or even
removed. Where does this leave us in policy terms? Is it conceivable that we could evolve
sustainable agriculture systems that maximize their production of positive externalities –
goods that the public enjoys and is willing to pay for – as well as minimizing the
environmental and health costs? The answer is clearly yes. We know enough about
sustainable methods of farming to be confident. Sustainable farming has substantially lower
negative externalities than conventional farming. We roughly estimate these to be no more
than a third – perhaps £60 - £70 per hectare. Sustainable farming also has higher positive
externalities – the other side of the equation.

H. Although it only represented around 3% of the total EU utilized agricultural are (UAA) in
2000, organic farming has in fact developed into one of the most dynamic agricultural sectors
in the European Union. The organic farm sector grew by about 25% a year between 1993 and
1998 and, since 1998, is estimated to have grown by around 30% a year. Organic farming has
to be understood as part of a sustainable farming system and a viable alternative to the more
traditional approaches to agriculture. Since the EU rules on organic farming came into force

Page 13 of 23 pages
 in 1992, tens of thousands of farms have been converted to this system, as a result of
increased consumer awareness of, and demand for, organically grown products.

I. The sustainability of both agriculture and the environment is a key policy objective of
today’s common agricultural policy (the “CAP”):
.“Sustainable development must encompass food production alongside conservation of
finite resources and protection of the natural environment so that the needs of people living
today can be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.”
. This objective requires farmers to consider the effect that their activities will have on the
future of agriculture and how the systems they employ shape the environment. As a
consequence, farmers, consumers and policy makers have shown a renewed interest in
environmentally friendly farming. UK Farm Minister Margaret Beckett has announced a
series of new measures, backed by 500 million pounds sterling of funding over the next three
years, to specifically help British farmers reduce their dependence on subsidies, as well as to
protect the environment and promote healthy, local food. The long-awaited Strategy for
Sustainable Farming and Food contains “green” targets for farms, promotion of local foods
and other measures to bring farmers closer to consumers.

Questions 86-91.
The Reading Passage has 9 paragraphs A-I.
From the list of headings below choose the 6 most suitable headings for paragraphs C, D, F, G,
H and I.
Write the appropriate numbers (i-xi).
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
List of Headings
i Fewer farmers and decreasing cost of food
ii A renewed interest in environmental-friendly agriculture
iii Features of externalities in agricultural production
iv Transformation of farming to industrialized agribusiness
v Aim and focuses of the study
vi Difficulties of calculating external costs
vii The concept of externalities
viii The case of water pollution

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 ix Sustainable farming and its merits
x Issues raised by external costs of food
xi The conversion to organic farming
Example Answer
Paragraph B iv

1 Paragraph C _______
2 Paragraph D _______
3 Paragraph F _______
4 Paragraph G _______
5. Paragraph H _______
6. Paragraph I _______

 Write your answers here.

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91.

Questions 92-10
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage to complete the summary below.
The first national study of the environmental impacts of modern farming has defined
externalities as the additional expenses caused by other activities and those not paid by
(92)__________. Externalities misrepresent the market by encouraging farmers to pursue
(93)__________ at the cost of the society. As externality in agricultural production is usually
shown with a time lag, its costs often tend to (94)__________. While the victims’ interests are
not represented, exactly who has produced the externalities often remains a mystery. The study
measures two types of externalities; the costs of (95)___________ for the environment and
human health to recover to the original state, and the money spent by public agencies on
monitoring environmental and food safety.

 Write your answers here.

92. 93. 94. 95.

Part 5: Answer questions 96 – 105, by referring to the magazine article in which four
successful career women talk about emigrating to New Zealand.

Page 15 of 23 pages
A Nicky Meiring B Jenny Orr
C Sarah Hodgett D Lucy Kramer

Which woman...
96. mentions a negative point about a job she has had?
97. explains an advantage of choosing to pursue her career in New Zealand?
98. appreciates the approach to achieving goals in New Zealand?
99. expresses a sense of regret about leaving her country?
100. appreciates the honesty she feels exists in New Zealand?
101. denies conforming to a certain stereotype?
102. appreciates New Zealand for its sense of calm and normality?
103. mentions her move to a different area in the same field?
104. states that her original nationality puts her in an advantageous position?
105. recommends that New Zealanders take more pride in their country?

The Brain Gain

With New Zealand becoming renowned as a great place to live, it was the first-choice destination
for a new generation of talented migrants looking for a better life. Sharon Stephenson talks to
four of them

A Nicky Meiring, Architect

Listen to Nicky Meiring talk about South Africa and it soon becomes evident that she's mourning
for a country she once called home. 'The current economic situation has made South Africa quite
a hard place to live in,' she says, 'but I do miss it.' Nicky first arrived in Auckland in 1994 and got
a job in an architectural practice in Auckland where she soon settled in. She says 'New Zealand
often feels like utopia. I just love the tranquility and the fact you can lead a safe and ordinary
life.' She lives and works from a renovated factory where her mantelpiece is littered with awards
for the design of her summer house on Great Barrier Island. 'Although the design of buildings is
fairly universal, houses here are generally constructed of timber as opposed to brick and when it
comes to the engineering of buildings, I have to take great heed of earthquakes which isn't an
issue in South Africa,' she says. 'But the very fact that my training and points of reference are
different means I have something to offer. And I'm so glad I have the opportunity to leave my
stamp on my new country."

B Jenny Orr, Art Director

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American Jenny Orr's southern accent seems more at home in the movies than in New Zealand's
capital, Wellington. 'I'm from Alabama, but no, we didn't run around barefoot and my father
didn't play the banjo!' she jokes, in anticipation of my preconceptions. Having worked in
corporate design for ten years in the USA, she was after a change and thought of relocating to
New Zealand. It didn't take long for her to land a job with an Auckland design firm, where she
was able to gain experience in an unfamiliar but challenging area of design -packaging -and
before long, she was headhunted to a direct marketing agency which recently transferred her to
Wellington. While she admits she could have the same salary and level of responsibility at home,
'it would probably have been harder to break into this kind of field. I'm not saying I couldn't have
done it, but it may have taken longer in the US because of the sheer number of people paying
their dues ahead of me.' Ask Jenny how she's contributing to this country's 'brain gain' and she
laughs. 'I don't see myself as being more talented or intelligent but opposing views are what make
strategies, concepts and designs better and I hope that's what I bring.'

C Sarah Hodgett, Creative Planner

What happens when all your dreams come true? Just ask Sarah Hodgett. Sarah says that she had
always dreamed of a career in advertising. 'But I was from the wrong class and went to the wrong
university. In the UK, if you're working class you grow up not expecting greatness in your life.
You resign yourself to working at the local factory and knowing your place.' New Zealand, on
the other hand, allowed her to break free of those shackles. 'It's a land of opportunity. I quickly
learned that if you want to do something here, you just go for it, which is an attitude I admire
beyond belief.' Within a month of arriving, she'd landed a job in customer servicing with an
advertising agency. Then, when an opening in research came up, she jumped at the chance. 'My
job is to conduct research with New Zealanders,' she explains. 'So I get to meet people from
across the social spectrum which is incredibly rewarding.' Being a foreigner certainly works in
her favour, says Sarah. 'Because a lot of my research is quite personal, respondents tend to see
me as' impartial and open-minded and are therefore more willing to share their lives with me.'
She certainly sees New Zealand in a good light. 'I wish New Zealanders could see their country
as I do. That's why it saddens me that they don't think they're good enough on the global stage.'

D Lucy Kramer, School Director

Born in Sydney, Australia, Lucy Kramer left for London when she was 23 to further her career as
a stockbroker. 'London certainly lived up to my expectations and I had a very exciting, very
hectic lifestyle,' Lucy explains. But after four years she felt burnt out and was becoming

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increasingly disillusioned with her job. 'People at work were far too competitive for my liking,'
she says. It was at this time she made two life-changing decisions. 'I signed up for a teacher-
training course and shortly after that met my partner, Graeme. He asked me to come back to New
Zealand with him and I didn't hesitate.' It wasn't long before she found work in a large Auckland
school and, since then, she has rapidly worked her way up to a management position. 'It's fair to
say I'm not earning what I used to but my New Zealand colleagues are much more easy- going. A
good atmosphere more than makes up for the drop in salary. Another thing that impresses me is
that you can leave your stuff on a seat in a cafe and it'll still be there half an hour later. People are
pretty trustworthy here. Sometimes it bothers me that we're so remote -you can feel a bit cut off
from what's going on in the rest of the world, but on the whole, I'd say it's one of the best moves I
ever made.'

 Write your answers here.

96. 97. 98. 99. 100.

101. 102. 103. 104. 105.

PART IV: WRITING ( 60 pts)

Part 1:
a/ Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the
word given. Don’t change the word given. You must use between three and eight words
including the word given.
106. I haven't been told clearly what I'll have to do in my next project at work. required
It hasn't been made________________________________me in my next project at work.
107. In my opinion, it was an absolute miracle that they survived the accident. short
The fact that they survived the accident was____________________________________, in my
opinion.
108. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. power
I___________________________________________________this problem from arising.
b/ For each of the sentence below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
109. I would like to question her about what she said earlier. (TAKE)
________________________________________________________________________
110. How do our sales compare with those of other firms? (RELATION)
________________________________________________________________________

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Part 2. Chart description.

The bar graph below shows the numbers of employed persons by job type and sex for
Australia in the year 2003.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
You should write at least 150 words.

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Part 3. Essay writing

Government investment in public transport and reductions in public transport prices will
greatly help the fight against transport pollution.

Do you agree or disagree with the above statement?

Write your essay of about 300 - 350 words to express your view. Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.

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