AERONAUTICS

MONTHLY
MAGAZINE
BY AVIAWELLDREAM

Written by OUEDRAOGO Raphaël Farid Yoann

& TOUBANGA Ouèlé Dieudonné

October 2023

@aviawelldream ©Copyright October 2023

All rights reserved
 ABOUT THE AUTHORS
OUEDRAOGO Raphaël Farid Yoann and TOUBANGA Ouèlé
Dieudonné are both mechanical engineering students at the
Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou (EPO). Passionate about
aeronautics, they work together on several projects, including
this monthly magazine, which was published for the first time
at the end of August 2023.
 NEWS
IN BURKINA FASO AND MALI, AIR FRANCE
STILL WAITING FOR NEWS
resumption of operations to
the National Civil Aviation
Agency of Burkina Faso
(NCAA-BF). The NCAA-BF
will submit the request to the
Ministry of Transport, which
has set a clear condition: for
On August 07, 2023, Air
the request to be considered,
France announced the
the Quai d'Orsay must
suspension of its flights to
"reconsider the country's full
Bamako and Ouagadougou
red classification". It was this
until August 11. This unilateral
red-zone classification of the
decision, taken without prior
Sahel by the French Ministry
notice, was not to the liking of
of Foreign Affairs in early
the authorities in Burkina
August that had prompted the
Faso and Mali. As a result,
suspension of service.
they refused to allow the
On October 11, the airline
airline to resume flights, and
announced that it would
the company made several
resume flights to Bamako on
unsuccessful attempts to
October 13, under a
obtain their operating
partnership with Portugal's
authorizations. In early
Euro Atlantic Airways.
October, the company
Unfortunately, this attempt to
submitted a request for
make a comeback through
 NEWS
IN BURKINA FASO AND MALI, AIR FRANCE
STILL WAITING FOR NEWS
the back door also failed. In a
press release from Mali's
Ministry of Transport, the
Malian authorities state that
they are in the process of
examining the company's
request, so its flights remain
suspended.
Between the condition to be
met in Burkina Faso and the
pending examination of the
dossier in Mali, Air France
remains in a state of
uncertainty, even if none of its
hosts has yet turned their
backs on it.
 NEWS
BOEING 737 MAX OR BOEING'S NIGHTMARE
PLANE
the Maneuvering
Characteristics Augmentation
System (MCAS) (a specific
system of the 737 Max).
Following these incidents, the
737 Max was grounded by
most airlines, and Boeing
The Boeing 737 Max is the
suspended production in
fourth generation of the 737
January 2020 on the orders of
aircraft family built by Boeing
the Federal Aviation
Commercial Airplanes, a
Administration (FAA). It was
subsidiary of The Boeing
an unprecedented industrial
Company. It made its maiden
disaster, with losses estimated
flight on January 29, 2016 and
at several billion dollars. In
entered service on May 22,
the face of legal proceedings,
2017. On October 29, 2018, it
the aircraft manufacturer
was involved in the crash of
pays $2.5 billion, including
Lion Air flight 610, followed
$243 million in fines and $2.2
by that of Ethiopian Airlines
billion in compensation to
flight 302 on March 10, 2019.
bereaved families. The case is
Both crashes left no survivors
closed, and on November 18,
and had the same cause: a
2020, the FAA authorizes the
stabilization fault linked to
resumption of 737 Max flights
the inadvertent activation of
in the United States, on
 NEWS
BOEING 737 MAX OR BOEING'S NIGHTMARE
PLANE
condition that the aircraft
undergo the necessary
modifications and that the
pilots undergo new training.
Three years after these
setbacks, it seems that the
aircraft manufacturer is not
completely out of the woods.
In August 2023, the FAA and
then Transport Canada issued
a new directive for Boeing 737
Max aircraft equipped with
CFM LEAP-1B series turbofan
engines. They urged airlines
to limit the use of the engine's
anti-icing system, as the
engine's outer casing could
overheat beyond its design
limit and detach in flight.
In August 2023, the aircraft
manufacturer itself identified
a new quality problem
involving its supplier Spirit
on its 737 Max 8s.
The problem involved poorly
drilled holes in the rear
pressure bulkhead, made
using an automated drill.
Boeing has given no details of
the extent of the problem, but
says it is taking the time
necessary to ensure that each
aircraft meets regulatory
standards and requirements.
Early in the second week of
October 2023, Boeing
informed the FAA of its initial
findings, as well as customers
already facing delays in 737
Max 8 deliveries, according to
The Air Current. According to
Reuters, the FAA reassures
that there are no immediate
safety issues. In any case, it is
hoped that the final findings
of Boeing inspection will
provide a clearer picture of
the situation.
 NEWS
ALASKA AIRLINES: A PILOT TRIES TO CUT
THE ENGINES MID-FLIGHT
arrested and charged with
attempted murder, reckless
endangerment and
endangering an aircraft. In
his interrogation, he told
police that he had taken
hallucinogenic mushrooms
On October 22, 2023, an
and had not slept for 40 hours
uncommon incident occurred
prior to the incident. He faces
on a Horizon Air flight.
one federal count for
Departing Everett for San
interfering with a crew. On
Francisco, the 80-passenger
October 24, he pleaded not
Embraer E-175 came close to
guilty before a judge in
disaster. An off-duty pilot
Portland. Alaska Airlines
from Alaska Airlines (Horizon
announced that it had
Air's parent company), John
suspended him. While we
Emerson, seated in a jump
await the verdict of the trial,
seat in the cockpit, tried to cut
one question is worth asking:
the fuel supply to the engines.
was Mr. Emerson under the
Fortunately, his colleagues on
influence of fatigue and
duty were able to stop him.
hallucination, or did he act
The aircraft was rerouted to
deliberately? Either way, his
Portland, where it landed
fate is in the hands of the
safely. John Emerson was
American justice system.
 NEWS
QATAR AIRWAYS CEO RESIGNS
Middle East competing with
Emirates and Etihad Airways.
The man is widely known for
his criticism of aircraft
manufacturers Airbus and
Boeing over their strategies
and factory production.
On October 23, 2023, Qatar
His most recent dispute with
Airways announced the
Airbus dates back to 2022. In
resignation of its Managing
December 2022, the company
Director, Akbar Al Baker, in
took the European aircraft
post since 1997. He will be
manufacturer to the High
replaced on November 05 by
Court of Justice in London
Badr Mohammed Al-Meer,
over accelerated wear and
currently Director of
tear on the paintwork of its
Operations at Doha Airport.
A350 aircraft. In the end, the
The reasons for this
two parties settled out of
resignation are not known.
court and the case was closed.
Akbar Al Baker was one of the
In September 2020, the head
leading figures in the world of
of the Qatari airline had
air transport. He was
advised Boeing to abandon the
appointed CEO of the Qatari
737 Max and start a new
airline just three years after
aircraft from scratch. He felt
its launch. Thanks to him, the
that the aircraft's name had
airline has become one of the
been tarnished and that
most competitive in the
 NEWS
QATAR AIRWAYS CEO RESIGNS
passengers would not have
confidence in it.
Thanks to his leadership,
Akbar Al Baker will remain a
role model for the airline
world to remember. He
remains the man to whom the
Gulf carrier owes its success
and growing competitiveness.
So what does the future hold
for the airline after his
departure?
 NEWS
MALI: FINANCIAL IRREGULARITIES IN THE
PURCHASE OF THE PRESIDENTIAL PLANE
In addition to these two cases,
there is the corruption case
concerning the airport
security technology contract
with Securiport.
The Court has taken up these
On October 27, 2023, Mali's cases in order to shed light on
Supreme Court revealed a them.
financial scandal concerning
the purchase of the
presidential plane. The case
dates back to 2014. According
to the statement, the Malian
state suffered a financial loss
of over 56 billion in the
purchase of the presidential
plane. The prosecutor also
addressed the Paramount
affair, which concerns
military equipment to be
supplied by a South African
company. The Malian State
will have lost three (03) billion
FCFA in this affair.
THE 05 WORDS
ACTIVE RUNWAY
An active runway is one that is
used for both take-offs and
landings.
This is the case at single-runway
airports. But when an airport with
many runways needs to close one
runway temporarily, the others
can be "active".
GLIDE RATIO
Glide ratio is the ability of an
aircraft to glide without an engine. flights are over 6000km.
It is equivalent to the lift/drag
ratio (L/D). It is calculated as
follows:
Glide ratio= Horizontal distance
traveled/height lost.
HUB
A hub is a platform (airport) for
exchanges, connections of airlines. Velocity Minimum
For an airline, it's its main
operating airport, i.e. the one it
serves the most, according to the
hub-and-spoke model. The hub is
the point of convergence for a
company's short-, medium- and
long-haul flights.
SHORT, MEDIUM
AND LONG HAUL
Airliners or flights are
classified as short-, medium-
and long-haul. No standard
governs this classification, so
it depends on the airline. But
in general, short-haul flights
are under 1000km, medium-
haul flights are between 1000
and 6000km, and long-haul
TAIL BUMPER
The tail bumper is a metal
part located under the rear
fuselage of a test aircraft. It
prevents the aircraft's tail
from scraping the runway
during tests to determine the
Unstick(VMU).
DID YOU KNOW?
WHY ARE MOST PLANES ALMOST WHITE?
Also, white is the thinnest
color in terms of thickness
and therefore weight, which
considerably reduces fuel
consumption.
White also reflects sunlight,
Have you ever noticed that reducing heat build-up in the
most airliners are painted aircraft's structure. This also
white? This is no coincidence! reduces the effect of thermal
Like all corrodible materials, expansion, thereby extending
the aircraft's aluminum the life of the structure.
structure would not be safe What's more, unlike colored
from corrosion without the tints, white fades less quickly.
protection of paint. But This reduces repainting costs.
among the range of colors Another advantage of white is
available, white paint is the that it easily reveals defects
most widely used, for on the structure, facilitating
practical, economic and pre-flight inspections.
functional reasons. It's also worth noting that
Firstly, white paint is the least white is a neutral, universal
expensive. Given the color, a sign of cleanliness,
considerable surface area to modernity and safety.
be coated on an aircraft, Last but not least, the white
opting for a color that's too color reduces the risk of bird
expensive will cost a lot. strike.
 DID YOU KNOW?
WHY THE WATER SALUTE?
*The opening of a new airline
route;
*Last flight of an aircraft;
*A company's anniversary
celebration;
*Resumption of airline
The water salute is a tribute operations after a period of
in which a vehicle, usually a inactivity for whatever
ship or aircraft, passes reason;
alongside or, more often, In all cases, the water salute is
under an arch formed by jets an aeronautical tradition
of water projected above it by intended to celebrate a special
firefighters' water cannons. and joyous event.
In the aviation world, it's a
common practice to celebrate
a special event. An aircraft is
christened with water in one
of the following
circumstances.
*The inaugural flight of a
company to mark its launch;
*The retirement of a pilot at
the controls of the aircraft;
*The arrival of new aircraft;
 HISTORY
AVIATION HISTORY
Since the dawn of time, man
has always expressed his
desire to fly in a more or less
realistic way. It was a utopian
dream, but today it's more
than a reality. From antiquity Flyer of the Wright brothers
to the 19th century, we
In 1914, with the outbreak of
witnessed the tinkering with
the First World War, existing
the first ornithopters and the
aircraft were improved and
first attempts at gliding. The
others developed for the
early twentieth century saw
needs of the war. Mass
the first flights of self-
production of aircraft models
propelled, self-launching
began, and becoming a pilot
machines. Designers and
now required training and
adventurers embarked on a
education. In the aftermath of
perilous conquest of the skies.
the war (1918-1939), many
On December 17, 1903,
pilots found themselves out of
brothers Orville and Wilbur
work, and many aircraft went
Wright succeeded in making
unused, leading to a boom in
the first powered, controlled
commercial air transport,
flights in aviation history.
initially in airmail and later in
Their biplane, the "Flyer",
passenger transport. At the
flew for 59 seconds over a
same time, military aviation
distance of 284 meters.
developed in several
countries, with the creation of
 HISTORY
AVIATION HISTORY
an air force. also developed and
In 1939, the world was experimented with supersonic
plunged back into a second flight.
war. This time, aviation was Since the jet age, civil and
once again called into action military aeronautics have
in the theater of operations. continued to develop over the
The use of piston and years, using and integrating
propeller engines reached a the world's best technologies.
peak, while jet engines and In the space of two centuries,
radar were introduced. mankind has transformed an
At the end of the Second impossible dream into a
World War, there was once surrealistic reality.
again a glut of aircraft and
pilots. This situation favored
the real development of
scheduled commercial air
transport.
The 1950s saw the dawn of the
jet age, with the development
of jet engines. Jet engines
quickly proved their worth,
and now equip most airliners.
Military aeronautics, which
played a major role in the
development of these engines,
 FLIGHT MECHANICS
THE "COANDÃ" EFFECT
Does the term "Coandă effect"
mean anything to you? If it
doesn't, it's part of the reason
we're able to fly today. But
how can such a strange word
be so important in
aerodynamics? We'll explain
it all to you today...In your
daily life, you've no doubt
already poured your coffee
while trying to transfer it
from one cup to another,
because the liquid tends to
follow the trajectory of the
cup's curved surface. Well,
this may give us a better
understanding of the Coandă
effect. The Coandă effect is an
aerodynamic phenomenon
that occurs when the flow of a
fluid, such as air, follows a
curved surface instead of the
expected straight trajectory.
When a fluid, such as air,
encounters a curved surface,
it tends to stay in contact with
that surface rather than break
away and follow a straight
trajectory. The reason we're
talking about it today is that
this effect is used in the
design of aircraft wings and
compressor blades. In fact,
since air naturally tends to
follow a curved trajectory, it's
easier to impose the desired
maneuvers on it and create a
pressure difference, thus
generating aerodynamic lift
(as we saw in last month's
article).
It's easy to see that the air
flowing over the wing follows
the curved profile instead of
 FLIGHT MECHANICS
THE "COANDÃ" EFFECT
going straight ahead as you'd
expect. But the Coandă effect
has other engineering
applications including the
design of ventilation systems,
racing cars, spray nozzles,
and many others.
Understanding this effect is
essential for optimizing the
design of many devices that
interact with fluids.
AVIAWELLDREAM is an initiative aimed at keeping the
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career in aviation. We have a blog dealing exclusively
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