opposite signs blc

one in tension
General Incline loads in compression 0 : Normal Stress
I
one

My
· Z MZY
Stress N/m2
-

:a =

normal/bending Stress : Ox =
Iy Iz ↑ : Shear stress

I oM MzY
XQ
-

shear stress 5
I
:
T =
Ib neutral axislocation :
=2
:
Normal strain
&
Miz-tane
- L
Tamb =_
thickness
Strain : E L from axis to inclined :
Y :
Strain
angle na Shear
:

Shear Strain :
y
= [
angle from axis to applied load : tano- N V : Force
Shear

Hooke's law :
O =
EE
bending moment y :
My =
(PsinG)(L-x m Q :
First moment of area

Y G2 Mz (Pcos)(L-X m4
bending moment I Second moment of
= : :
2 =
area

-Slateralstrin
e

Poisson's ratio : =
b: Width
E N
- -

Shear Modulus : G =
2(1 + V) Shear a force Pa =
me E :
Modulus of Elasticity
↓
VQ2 MzY
T = G
Force in y-direction : =
IZ
t x Iz
:
Shear Modulus

VyQz
Inertia Formulas F =
Iz V : Poisson's ratio

VzQy -
Myz distance from neutral
first moment of area : Qx =
TA , Qy = XA Force in 2-direction : T =
Iyt Ox =
Iy M T (local) : axis to center of
shape
fQx SQy
distance to centroid :
Y =
&A ,
X =
CA F =
VQ M ↑ (global) :
Sum of local i
DhP
bh Ti ,
Fi

inertia of =
stress in I-beam ↑ 4 Iz Shear flow
=
I shear :
Flange >
- N/M F
rectangle 12
:
a :

TdY πr4 bhtfP

inertia of F
circle :
I 64 I S longitudinal Spacing
=
4 4 Iz m :
=
a
=
or

inertia of shape
↓ T2 F2 bltfP
Ad
.

parallel axis theroem :

Ix =
Ixc +
distance from Web rectangle >
- T =
2Iztw EI :
Flexural rigidity
Center of shape to
Centroid bhtyP
of inertia Ixy Ixcyc
+
Ad , da F 4 Iz V" Lateral deflection
product
: = = :

F4
Ex- Fy 4) i
F

Transformation equations :
Ix ,
= ** + cos28-Ixysing
Web
Tmax
parabola
- Tmax = (f +
z K: Stiffness

#4
IxFy
Fx

Iy ,
= * - cos28 +
Ixysing

Ix , y ,
= Fx Fysin2G +
IxyCos RHR :

-
2 Fxy

tanzop =
Ix-Iy >
-
have wrist on reference

Shear Flow : F = cap acity

(Force)
number of rows axis/origin
↳ E
CFR
longitudinal Spacing
:
S =
F >
-
face palm in direction of

Force

Bending andcomposite
ben
a >
-
Curl of
Fingers or direction
Of curvature
E
is*
curve

bending Strain : E .
=
-Kya neutralto point of interest t of thumb gives moment around
To Solve Y :

-EiKy >
- E Qx A EaQxAz O axis and the direction
bending Oxi an
:
stress =
, ,
,
+ =

moment-curvature : M =
K(E ,
I ,
+ EzI2

Flexural rigidity
:
E
,I ,
+ EzIe

Flexure Formula :
Oxi =I
-M

i
Max normal stress Otop
: =

Wbottom =
Mr
For sandwich
see

Aug Shear & Strain :

Tavg
=Th
&

Yavg =
blcGc
Bending for Sandwhich
Or

Approx. Stress : Ox ,
= M beam

Changing material

Modular ratio for composite beams : n

= 2 to material 1

My It = I ,
+
ne
bending stress of transformed Section :
O
=-
Il -

rotational stifness
number of supports not including
reference/ground support
Buckling 4 S
n2π2E I

critical load :
Por =
L Of Por
I =
L2 Critical load :
Por =
P -

n radious tion

=
Por Par
M2π2El I
R2π2E
d #
allowable load : Pallow M Critical stresses :
Ocr =
A
I
AL (L/r(2 U = A

↑ slenderness
Moment for buckling :
MB =
2 BRE allowable stress : Pallows safety factor
ratio

small deformation :
SB =
Sum of moments around B :
MB-PGB =
0 displacement/deflection
S
Bending moment equation : M = EIV" > O =
PV + EIV"
-

NTX
lateral deflection V(X)
G sin L
: =

D
L deflection at

Stiffness :
K =
EI KL =
nπ midpoint of column