1)KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS LEARNT

1.1 procedure of registering a pesticide at PCPB

-online pre consultation meeting with a registration officer.

- The applicant books an appointment through front desk and it is recorded.

- A registration officer is allocated to handle the application.

- payment is made by the applicant.

- Date of submission of dossier.

Dossier - a technical document that is submitted to PCPB for registration of a new pesticede

- Local agent submits the dossier.

1.2 Evaluating a dossier

As defined earlier, this is a document that is submitted to PCPB for registration of a new pesticide. The
whole document contains different forms/letters that are created by PCPB, which the application fills.
The purpose of this forms/letters is to make sure that the product being registered is authentic for
customer use. This forms include:

Confidential business information (CBI) - This document gives a brief information about the manufacture
method, active ingredients used and the contact details of the formulator/ manufacturer, exporter and
the local agent. The formulator is the company that produces the pesticide while the exporter is the
owner/seller of the pesticide. The local agent is the company that is appointed by an international
exporter of as to handle the pesticide registration and reach the local market. An example of a local
agent here in Kenya is Syngenta.

Letter of appointment - This is a letter from the exporter to the local agent appointing them to be an
agent of the pesticide.

Certificate of registration - The imported pesticide has to be registered in the country it was
manufactured from. Eg) if the pesticide was formulated in China, it's has to be registered in China and
details of it provided in the ICAMA website. Hence an original certificate of registration has to be
provided.

Letters of agreement - this is a contract agreement between the formulator, exporter, sponsor and the
local agent. In some cases there is a sponsor, this is the company that funded the whole project of the
pesticide making. The letter of agreement has to be signed and Stamped.

Certificate of composition
Application form. There are different types of application forms that are provided by PCPB depending on
the type of pesticide. Eg:

- Form A conventional pesticide application

- Form A1 Biopesticides microbials

- Form A2 Biopesticides Macrobials

- Form A3 Biopesticides_ biochemical

- Form A4 Generic pesticide

- Form A5 spray adjuvant

- Form A6 application for local agency (gives detailed information about the local

Agent)

- Form A7 change of local agent

To conclude, basically evaluating a dossier is checking through if all that information listed above is
provided.

1.3 Daughter / parallel registration

This is re-registration of a pesticide. It is done by a local agent who wants to register a pesticide that has
already been registered and it is already in market. However the local agent changes the name of the
original pesticide. The local agent feels the need to re-register this particular pesticide if they want to
target new and wider markets all over the country.

The local agent has to seek permission from the owner of the product (exporter) for a daughter
registration. After that, the exporter gives his approval and sends in a letter off approval. The local agent
then submits to PCPB that letter of approval and the approved label of the mother product.

1.4 Five batch analysis

This is a document that is brought in together with the dossier. The five batch analysis gives more
information about the active ingredients used in formulation. It gives information about the percentage
range of active ingredients, the method of manufacture, physical and the chemical properties,
flammability, percentage impurities, GLP certificate. GLP means good laboratory practice and the
certificate is to prove that the active ingredients were actually tried out in the lab.
1.5 LABELS

This is a legal document that contains information on how to use the pesticide, handle, store and
dispose it, as well as directions to reduce risks to human, animals and environment. The label must be
written in word form and written in both English and kiswahili. A label contains two parts, the primary
part and the secondary part.

Primary part

- It has the trade name and the formulation type at the top eg: SUDOKU 240 SC. This trade name must
be visible one meter away.

- It has a photo of the target crop/animal and a photo of the target pest.

- The registration number and the guarantee.

- Batch No, date of manufacture and date of expiry

- Shelf life

- contact details of the manufacturer, exporter and local agent

- WHO class and the harzadrous colour band.

Example of a primary part of a lable below fig 1

ii) secondary part

- Brief description of the pesticide

- Mising instructions

- Direction for use which explains the application rate /spray volume, Timing and frequency of
application.

- pre harvest interval. This is the time you need to take before harvesting after the pesticide application.

- Re entry interval. This is the time you need to take before entering the farm after application.

MRL (maximum residue level) - the maximum pesticide left on plant after spraying.

- hazards / precautions

-storage and disposal

- actidental release. This is instructions of what the user needs to do to avoid accidents like spillage.
- Environmental hazards. This is the negative effects that the pesticides bring on the environment.

- First aid instructions

- Toxicological information. This includes the symptoms of poisoning, antidote to be used, ingredients
that may affect treatment.

- notice to the user

- sellers guarantee

Example of a secondary part of a lable below fg 2

1.6 WHO classes and hazardous colour bands

WHO class Ia and Ib- Red ( dangerous hazardous)

WHO class II - Yellow (moderately hazardous)

WHO class III- Blue (slightly hazardous)

WHO class U - Green (unlikely)

1.7 label extension

Label extention is done to an already registered product whose lable was approved by PCPB. Again, it is
done by the local agent. The lable extension is required when the pesticide has been approved for a new
use. For example : this particular pesticide was targeting downy mildew in roses and now they discover
that it can control Southern and Northern leaf blight in maize, that's where label extension comes in. It's
adds that new use.

1. 8 pesticide formulation

-A pesticide formulation is a mixture of active ingredients and other ingredients.

-An active ingredient is biologically the active part of the pesticide formulation such as microbials or
phytochemicals extracted with solvent chemicals. It prevents, kills, or repels a pest.

Examples of formulations used:

Emulsifiable concentrate - a liquid that contains an immiscible solvent and an emulsifier.

Aerosol- a substance enclosed under preasure and released as a fine spray by means of a propellant gas
eg) mortein doom

Wettable Granules

Pellets

Wettable powder

Suspension concentrate

Ready to use

Ultra low volume concentrate

Water dispersible granules

Micro encapsulated granules- this are pesticides where the active ingredient is covered by a protective
coating (polymer).

All this formulation type are important to be illustrated and guide the user on how to use the pesticide.

1.9 pheromones