Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação

ISCED – Luanda
Departamento de Letras Modernas

ORAL LITERATURE

Course: English teaching language

Period :Regular
2°year
Room: 11

Teacher
_____________________________
Dr. Nunes Chionga

Luanda – 2023/2024
Group member
1- Juliana Delfina Da Costa calembela
2- Kinavuidi
3- Marcelino
4- Delfina Maria Ngonga

STORY:1
ACTIVITY:1 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1-What is the moral lesson the author wants to teach in this tale?
The moral lesson the author wants to convey in this tale is the
importance of prioritizing hard work, health, and genuine values over
seeking effortless fortune or material wealth. The characters’ journey in the
story highlights the dangers of chasing quick riches without considering the
consequences it may have on one’s well-being and family. It emphasizes
the significance of perseverance, faith, and focusing on what truly matters
in life for a more fulfilling and prosperous future.

2- If you were LuzoloTino, would you agree with Salakiaku Daniel’s

suggestion, Or not? Justify your answer.
-If I were Luzolo Tino, I would carefully consider Salakiaku Daniel’s
suggestion. The reminder about the importance of health and the
fragility of life is a powerful message that shouldn’t be taken lightly.
While the allure of fortune and na easier life may seem appealing,
prioritizing health is crucial for overall well-being and happiness in the

2
long term. It’s essential to strike a balance between work and taking
care of oneself to lead a fulfilling life. So, I would agree with Salakiaku
Daniel’s advice and focus on maintaining good health while working
towards a prosperous future.

ACTIVITY:2 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1-There is a saying that too much of anything is bad. Nevertheless,

people with
A lot of money never seem to stop increasing their fortune or saving
more
Money. Discuss this statement with your group.
- That saying about too much of anything being bad is definitely
something to think about. When it comes to people with a lot of money,
it’s true that they often continue to increase their fortune or save more
money despite already having a substantial amount. This behavior can
be attributed to various factors such as the desire for financial
security, the pursuit of greater wealth for status or power, or even just
the habit of accumulating wealth as a measure of success.
While it’s essential to strive for financial stability and security, it’s also
important to recognize the potential downsides of excessive wealth
accumulation. It can lead to a constant pursuit of more money at the
expense of other aspects of life, such as relationships, health, or
personal fulfillment. Finding a balance between financial growth and
other important aspects of life is key to achieving a well-rounded and
meaningful existence. It’s crucial to remember that true wealth
encompasses more than just material riches and includes aspects like
health, happiness, and relationships.

2-Nowadays, people don’t talk much about love, but rather they seem
to put

3
More emphasis on money and material things in life. What are your
thoughts
About this tendency? Discuss with your group. Give some examples to
support
Your ideas.
-It’s true that in today’s society, there seems to be a shift towards
prioritizing money and material possessions over love and emotional
connections. This tendency can be influenced by various factors such
as societal pressures, the rise of consumerism, and the portrayal of
wealth and success in the media.
While it’s important to acknowledge the significance of financial
stability and material comfort, it’s equally crucial not to overlook the
importance of love, relationships, and emotional well-being. Love and
meaningful connections with others play a vital role in our overall
happiness and fulfillment.
For example, many people focus on their careers and accumulating
wealth to the point where they neglect their relationships with family
and friends. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation despite
having financial success.
On the other hand, there are heartwarming stories of individuals who
prioritize love and compassion over material gain. Acts of kindness,
generosity, and love towards others often leave a lasting impact and
create meaningful relationships that bring joy and fulfillment.
Therefore, while money and material possessions are essential for
meeting our basic needs, it’s crucial not to lose sight of the value of
love, kindness, and emotional connections in leading a truly fulfilling
life. Balancing both aspects can lead to a more well-rounded and
satisfying existence.

3- What would you do if you were rolling in money? Would you build
schools?
Help poor people? Invest your money? Give it some thought.
-If I were rolling in money, I would consider a combination of
actions to make a positive impact. Building schools would be a
fantastic way to contribute to education and empower future

4
generations. Helping poor people by supporting initiatives like
providing access to food, shelter, and healthcare would be a
meaningful way to give back to the community.
Investing money wisely could also help sustain and grow wealth for
continued philanthropic efforts. By investing in projects that promote
sustainability, innovation, and social good, it’s possible to create a
lasting impact on society.
Ultimately, the key would be to find a balance between personal
fulfillment and making a difference in the world. Making thoughtful
decisions on how to utilize wealth can lead to a more significant and
lasting positive influence on individuals and communities in need.

4- What would you do if you were between the devil and the deep blue
sea?
(You are in a difficult situation where you have to choose between two
equally
Unpleasant situations. For example, you need money, but the devil
spirit
Recommends you to kill one of the persons you love very much in
order to be
Rich.)
-Being in a situation where you feel trapped between two equally
unpleasant choices can be incredibly challenging. When faced with
such a dilemma, it’s important to remember that there are always
alternative solutions that don’t involve harming yourself or others.

In the example you provided, the suggestion of harming someone you

love to gain wealth is not only morally wrong but also illegal and
harmful. It’s crucial to prioritize ethical and humane decisions even in
the face of difficult circumstances.

5
Seeking support from loved ones, friends, or professionals can help
navigate tough situations and explore alternative options that don’t
compromise your values or integrity. Remember, there is always a way
out that doesn’t involve causing harm or making unethical choices.

5- Here is a list of some items you need in life. List these things in the
order of
Your personal priority. Explain the rationale for your choices.
a. Money
b. Love
c. Honesty
d. PhD
- In terms of personal priority, here is how I would rank the items
you provided:
1. Love
2. Honesty
3. Money
4. PhD

Love comes first on my list because having meaningful relationships

and connections with others brings joy, support, and fulfillment to life.
Love can provide emotional strength and happiness that money or
achievements alone cannot offer.

Honesty is next on the list as it forms the foundation of trust and

integrity in relationships. Being honest with oneself and others builds
strong, genuine connections and fosters respect and authenticity.

Money is ranked third because while it is important for meeting basic

needs and providing security, it is not the sole determinant of
happiness or fulfillment. Money can facilitate opportunities and

6
comfort, but its value is enhanced when combined with love, honesty,
and integrity.

Lastly, a PhD is placed last on the list as it represents a personal

achievement or academic pursuit. While education and knowledge are
valuable, they are enhanced and meaningful when coupled with love,
honesty, and a balanced approach to life.

STORY:2 THE RESULT OF HONESTY

ACTIVITY:1 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1-What Nsimba did in both scenarios was good or not? Support your
answer.
-in both scenarios, Nsimba’s actions can be seen as positive. When
he was faced with thieves in his yard, instead of reacting with anger or
violence, he chose to respond with honesty and generosity. By advising
the thief to take some and leave some, he demonstrated a
compassionate and understanding approach, which ultimately led to
the thief abandoning the theft and running away. This shows that
Nsimba’s response was effective in diffusing the situation peacefully.
Will By acknowledging his mistakes and showing a willingness to
change, Nsimba is taking responsibility for his actions and working
towards a positive outcome.

2- In Kikongo, the twins are named Nsimba and Nzuzi whether the
child is male Or female; the older is Nsimba and the younger is Nzuzi.
The third is named Nlandu. And the next is named Lukombo. In your
family do you organize a Traditional party if someone has twins?
-In my family, we do celebrate traditional parties when someone has
twins, just like in Kikongo culture. It’s a special occasion to honor the

7
birth of twins and celebrate the uniqueness of having twins in the
family.

ACTIVITY:2 WRITING

As an ethnographer check how twins are named in other areas of

Angola.
Submit a brief report of your findings (200-300 words)
• In the Zaire region of Congo, when twins are born, they are taken out
after 3 or 6 months of life, and a celebration is held. The celebration
involves obtaining a special mud from Camba in Congo, which is then
placed in small plastic plates. It’s important to use plastic plates
because if a glass plate were to break, it is believed that one of the
twins will die. After obtaining the mud, two jugs of wine are
purchased, and traditions are performed. Older members of the
community speak or prophesy some words to the twins. Then the wine
is mixed with the mud in each plate until a homogeneous mixture is
obtained. After this, the mother or father puts a little of this mixture
on the forehead and neck of each twin. The celebration continues, and
anyone who visits the twins must also put some of this mixture on their
forehead and neck before leaving. Additionally, this mixture of mud
and wine must be used during birthdays, weddings, or any significant
achievements.
In the Bakongo culture, twins can receive different types of names,
often related to birth order, physical characteristics, or special events
associated with their birth. Some examples include:
1. Names that indicate birth order, such as “Ntumba” for the elder and
“Nsona” for the younger twin.
2. Names that reflect physical characteristics, such as “Tshibinda” for
a twin with curly hair.
3. Names that celebrate special events, such as “Tshimanga” for twins
born during a significant festivity.

8
These names are carefully chosen and carry important meanings
within Bakongo culture.

In the Zaire region of Congo, twins may be named based on the

following examples:
1. Birth order: The elder twin might be named “Tshibola,” while
the younger twin could be named “Ntumba.”
2. Physical attributes: A twin with distinct physical features might
be named “Mukaji,” which could refer to specific characteristics
like curly hair or a particular eye color.
3. Commemorative names: Twins born during a special event or
festival might be given names like “Mukalenga,” which signifies
a birth during a time of celebration.
These examples illustrate how twins in the Zaire region of Congo are
named based on birth order, physical attributes, and significant events,
reflecting the cultural significance and traditions of the community.

STORY:3
ACTIVITY:2 ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

1-What are the equivalents of the following family words in Bantu

Languages?
Cousin, step-brother, step-father or mother
In Kimbundu, the Bantu language spoken in Angola, the equivalents
for the family words are:

- Cousin: In Kimbundu, the term for cousin is “mutu ya ngombe.”

- Step-brother: The equivalent for step-brother in Kimbundu is
“mwana w’omue.”

9
- Step-father or Step-mother: In Kimbundu, step-father and step-
mother are both referred to as “ndambi.”

2-. Is there a distinction in the following cases?

a. He (she) is not a member of my family or he (she) is not my
Relative.

Yes, there is a subtle distinction between the two statements:

a. “He (she) is not a member of my family”: This statement

implies that the person in question is not included within the
broader group of individuals considered as part of one’s
family unit. It suggests a more formal or legal understanding
of family membership.

b. “He (she) is not my relative”: This statement conveys that the

person is not connected to you by blood or marriage. It refers
specifically to the absence of a familial relationship,
regardless of whether they are considered part of the broader
family unit.

In essence, the first statement focuses on formal inclusion within

the family unit, while the second emphasizes the absence of a
familial relationship.

3-How do people in the village react if you translate these words

exactly
As they are explained in your second language?

10
 If I were to directly translate the phrases into a Bantu language
and convey them to people in a village, their reactions would
likely depend on the specific language and cultural context.

In some cases, direct translations of these phrases may not fully

capture the nuances of familial relationships in the local culture.
The concept of family and relatives can vary greatly across
different communities, and direct translations may not align
with local understandings of kinship and social connections.

using direct translations might lead to confusion or

misunderstanding, especially if the local understanding of these
concepts differs from the literal translations.

It’s important to consider the cultural and linguistic nuances of

the specific community when translating and communicating
such concepts. Understanding the local cultural context is crucial
for effective and respectful communication.

STORY 4. The Hare Who Wants to See the Power of God

ACTIVITY: 3 DATA COLLECTION

a)) Individually, visit one of your grandparents and ask him or her to
tell you an animal story about how an animal defeats the other,
especially through using its intelligences, and not through violence.

Once upon a time, in the heart of the African savannah, there lived a
clever tortoise and a boastful hare. The hare was known for his
incredible speed and often boasted about how no other animal could
outrun him. The tortoise, on the other hand, was wise and patient.
One day, the hare challenged the tortoise to a race. Confident in his
speed, the hare thought it would be na easy victory and agreed to race
the slow-moving tortoise. The other animals in the savannah gathered
to watch the race.

11
As the race began, the hare quickly darted ahead of the tortoise and,
seeing that he had a significant lead, decided to take a nap under a
tree, thinking there was no way the tortoise could catch up.
Meanwhile, the tortoise continued plodding along at a steady pace.
When he reached the tree where the hare was sleeping, he saw na
opportunity to use his intelligence. He quietly continued past the tree
and towards the finish line.
When the hare woke up from his nap, he was shocked to see that the
tortoise was near the finish line. He sprinted as fast as he could, but it
was too late. The tortoise had crossed the finish line first.
The wise tortoise had won the race not through speed or violence, but
through patience and intelligent strategy. The animals in the savannah
celebrated the victory of the tortoise and learned that intelligence and
perseverance can overcome even the swiftest of opponents.

b)- Alternatively, ask them to tell you about ways that people in their
community solve problems – by meeting together to discuss them, by
some kind of religious or spiritual means such as prayer, or by going
to healers or other Outsiders to help them.

In my grandparents’ community, problem-solving often involves a

combination of traditional methods and modern approaches. When
facing challenges, community members frequently come together for
meetings or discussions to collectively address the issue at hand. These
gatherings provide a platform for sharing perspectives, brainstorming
solutions, and fostering a sense of unity and cooperation.

STORY: 5 Animals Meet to Elect the King of the jungle

ACTIVITY : DATA COLLECTION

12
1-What reasons are offered for making Mbua the king? List the
animals and
Their classifications according to the norms of the fable.

the animals offer various reasons for making Mbua the king. Mbua is
chosen due to his perceived qualities and abilities, as well as the
perceived shortcomings of the other animals.

The animals and their classifications according to the norms of the

fable can be outlined as follows:
1. The Lion: The lion is often depicted as a symbol of strength and
authority, representing traditional leadership based on physical
power and dominance.
2. The Fox: The fox embodies cunning and strategic thinking,
utilizing its intelligence to navigate the existing power dynamics
within the animal community.
3. The Ass: Typically portrayed as a subservient figure, the ass
may represent those with limited agency or influence in a
hierarchical system dominated by strength.
4. The Bear: Depending on its portrayal in the fable, the bear could
symbolize another powerful figure vying for dominance within
the existing power structure.

In the fable, Mbua is ultimately chosen as king due to his qualities and
perceived suitability for leadership. This decision reflects a departure
from the norm of leadership based solely on physical strength,
emphasizing qualities such as wisdom, fairness, and empathy as
essential for effective governance. Mbua’s selection challenges the
traditional norms of leadership within the animal community,
highlighting a shift towards more inclusive and merit-based leadership
criteria.

13
2-According to La Fontaine, the lion is considered to be the king of the
animals. Explain the role in the hierarchy of each of the following
animals from the Stories you have read so far: monkey, crocodile,
hare, dog, wolf, and three other animals of your choice.

In La Fontaine’s fables and various other stories, the role of animals in

the hierarchy often reflects their symbolic attributes and
characteristics.

1. Monkey: In many stories, the monkey is often depicted as clever,

mischievous, and agile. Within the hierarchy, the monkey may
occupy a position of quick thinking and adaptability, using its
intelligence and resourcefulness to navigate challenges.
2. Crocodile: The crocodile is commonly portrayed as a formidable
and stealthy predator, often occupying a position of power and
authority within aquatic ecosystems. Its role in the hierarchy
reflects strength, patience, and a sense of dominance in its
natural environment.
3. Hare: The hare is frequently characterized as swift, cautious,
and agile. Within the hierarchy, the hare may hold a position
representing speed, agility, and na ability to evade potential
threats through quick thinking and resourcefulness.
4. Dog: Dogs are often depicted as loyal, protective, and obedient
companions in many stories. Their role in the hierarchy
emphasizes loyalty, trustworthiness, and a willingness to serve
others, often aligning with human interests and values.
5. Wolf: Wolves are commonly portrayed as cunning predators
with strong pack instincts. In the hierarchy, wolves often
represent leadership, teamwork, and a complex social structure
revolving around cooperation and shared responsibilities within
the pack.
6. Eagle: Eagles are frequently depicted as majestic and powerful
birds of prey. Within the hierarchy, eagles symbolize vision,
strength, and a lofty perspective, often associated with leadership
and a keen sense of perception.
7. Elephant: Elephants are often revered for their intelligence,
memory, and social bonds within their herds. Their role in the
hierarchy reflects wisdom, empathy, and a strong sense of

14
 familial and communal responsibility within their social
structure.
8. Owl: Owls are commonly associated with wisdom, mystery, and
nocturnal insight. Within the hierarchy, owls symbolize
knowledge, foresight, and na understanding of hidden truths or
deeper meanings within their environment.

These animal roles within the hierarchy reflect the symbolic

significance attributed to them in various literary traditions and
cultural contexts.

Activity 2. Identifying plot elements

In small groups identify the plot, sub-plots, and setting of the story
above,
Taking into account the following components of plot and setting:
introductory Action, rising action, climax, falling action, conclusion,
setting (time and place).

The plot of the story above revolves around the animal kingdom and
the consequences of Mr. Mbua, the dog’s, actions. The introductory
action sets the stage by revealing Mr. Mbua’s absence and the decision
to send Mankewa, the monkey, to investigate. This leads to the rising
action as Mankewa encounters Mr. Mbua and confronts him about his
behavior, ultimately leading to Mr. Mbua’s decision to leave the forest
and stay with the man.
The climax occurs when Mr. Mbua makes the pivotal decision to
abandon his position in the animal kingdom, prompting the team to
appoint substitutes for his role. This decision marks a significant
turning point in the story, leading to the falling action as the
consequences of Mr. Mbua’s actions unfold and the animal kingdom
adjusts to his absence.

15
The conclusion brings resolution as the consequences of Mr. Mbua’s
lack of responsibility and patience are made evident through his
departure and its impact on the animal community.
As for sub-plots, one could argue that Mankewa’s journey to find Mr.
Mbua and confront him about his behavior constitutes a sub-plot
within the larger narrative.
In terms of setting, the story takes place in a forest within na
unspecified time period, creating a timeless quality to the narrative
that allows its themes and messages to resonate across different
contexts.
The story effectively uses these plot components and setting to explore
themes of responsibility, consequences, and personal choices within a
vivid and engaging animal kingdom context.

Story 6. The Crocodile and the Monkey

Activity 3. Writing

Directions: Choose one animal that is not portrayed in this story as the
main
Subject of a short essay. If that animal were personified, how would
you
Describe the animal? Is it male or female? What other animals does
he/she
Interact with in his surroundings? How does he/she relate with other
animals

If I were to choose the elephant as the main subject of a short essay,

personified in a human-like manner, I would envision a wise and
dignified female elephant named Nzamba. She is a matriarch, exuding
strength, intelligence, and a deep sense of responsibility for her herd.
16
Nzamba interacts with a diverse array of animals in her surroundings.
She shares a mutual respect with Mr. Nkosi, the lion, as they both hold
positions of leadership within the animal kingdom. Despite their
differences, they understand the importance of cooperation and
maintaining balance in the ecosystem.
She also has a nurturing relationship with Mankewa, the monkey,
often providing guidance and protection to the smaller animals within
the forest. Her interactions with other animals are characterized by
empathy, patience, and a firm but gentle demeanor.
Nzamba’s presence commends respect and admiration from other
animals due to her wisdom and caring nature. She is known for her
ability to listen and mediate conflicts within the animal community,
fostering harmony and understanding among different species.
Overall, Nzamba embodies leadership, compassion, and a deep
connection to her surroundings. As a personified character, she
represents the embodiment of strength and wisdom within the animal
kingdom, serving as na influential figure that others look up to for
guidance and support.

17