Assignment #1

Given the following balance sheet, income statement, historical ratios and industry averages, calculate the
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, Inc. financial ratios for the most recent year. Analyze its overall
financial situation for the most recent year. Analyze its overall financial situation from both a cross-
sectional and time-series viewpoint. Break your analysis into an evaluation of the firm’s liquidity,
activity, debt, and profitability.

Income Statement
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, Inc.
For the Year Ended December 31, 2005
Sales Revenue $2,080,976
Less: Cost of Goods Sold 1,701,000
Gross Profits $379,976
Less: Operating Expenses 273,846
Operating Profits $106,130
Less: Interest Expense 19,296
Net Profits Before Taxes $86,834
Less: Taxes (40%) 34,810
Net Profits After Taxes $52,024

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 Balance Sheet
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, Inc.
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash $ 95,000
Accounts receivable 237,000
Inventories 243,000
Total current assets $ 575,000
Gross fixed assets 500,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation 75,000
Net fixed assets $ 425,000
Total assets $1,000,000
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 89,000
Notes payable 169,000
Accruals 87,000
Total current liabilities $ 345,000
Long-term debt 188,000
Total liabilities $ 533,000
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock 255,000
Retained earnings 212,000
Total stockholders’ equity $ 467,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $1,000,000

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 Historical and Industry Average Ratios
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, Inc.
Industry
Ratio 2003 2004 2005 2005
Current Ratio 1.6 1.7 1.67 1.6
Quick Ratio 0.9 1.0 0.96 0.9
Inventory Turnover 8.1 9.3 7 8.4
Average Collection Period 33 days 37 days 41.57 39 days
days
Total Asset Turnover 2.3 2.2 2.08 2.2
Debt Ratio 60% 56% 53% 58%
Times Interest Earned 2.5 3.5 5.5 2.3
Gross Profit Margin 21% 19.7% 18.25% 20.4%
Operating Profit Margin 4.7% 4.8% 5.1% 4.7%
Net Profit Margin 1.8% 1.6% 2.45% 1.4%
Return on total assets 4.1% 3.5% 5.20% 3.08%
Return on Equity 10.3% 7.9% 11.14% 7.3%

Analyzing Data

Current ratio
Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Current Ratio = =57500/345000=1.67

Time series analysis

A company may not be able to cover its current liabilities with its current assets if its time series current ratio is less
than 1-1. A corporation may not be using its short-term assets effectively if its current ratio is higher than 2-to-1. A
healthy current ratio is generally seen as being between 1.2-1 and 2-1. Compared to past years, the corporation was
in the best situation in 2004.

Cross Sectional analysis

The company is seen as healthy in 2005 when compared to the industry average. Company performing well in 2005
as compared to the industry

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