INTERNET OF THINGS

IoT
INTERNET OF THINGS

How Does The

IoT Works
INTERNET OF THINGS

Technologies That Have

Made IoT Possible
INTERNET OF THINGS

What Are The Applications

Of The IoT?
INTERNET OF THINGS

What Are Some Ways IoT

Applications Are Deployed?
INTERNET OF THINGS

What Industries Can Benefit

From IoT?
INTERNET OF THINGS

What Are The Current Issues

With The IoT?
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the
network of physical objects—“things”—that
are embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies for the purpose of
connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the Internet.
 SENSORS
• Data is first collected from the environment for the
IoT system to begin processing.

• It is collected by sensors in devices that can measure

observable occurrences or changes in the
environment.

• The kind of data being measured by the device

depends on its function

How Does The IoT Work?

 CONNECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
• The data must be communicated from the device to
the rest of the IoT system, whether to a computer or
another device.

• A device must have a unique identifiable presence

on the internet, accomplished through its own IP
address.

How Does The IoT Work?

 ACTUATORS

• IoT devices should be able to take action based on data

from the sensors and the subsequent feedback from the
network.

• Completing the links of how IoT systems process data are

the following components.

How Does The IoT Work?

 IoT GATEWAY

• The IoT gateway acts as a bridge for the different devices’

data to reach the cloud.

• It also helps translate the different protocols of the

various IoT devices into just one standard protocol and
filter out unnecessary data gathered by the devices.

How Does The IoT Work?

 THE CLOUD

• The cloud is where all the data from the different devices
are gathered and where software can reach this data for
processing.

How Does The IoT Work?

 USER INTERFACE

• The user interface communicates to the users the data

gathered by the devices and allows the users to make the
necessary commands to be executed by the devices.

• The Internet Architecture Board released a guiding

document that outlines the four communication channels
used by the IoT.

How Does The IoT Work?

 DEVICE-TO-DEVICE
• This model represents how two or more devices connect
and communicate directly with one another.

• Communication between devices is usually achieved

through protocols such as Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and Zigbee.

• This model is often found in wearables and in home

automation devices

How Does The IoT Work?

 DEVICE-TO-CLOUD
• Many IoT devices connect to the cloud, often with the
use of wired Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Connecting to the cloud
allows users and related applications to access the
devices, making it possible to course through commands
remotely as well as push necessary updates to the device
software.

• Through this connection, the devices can also collect user

data for the improvement of their service providers.

How Does The IoT Work?

 DEVICE-TO-GATEWAY
• IoT devices can communicate first with an intermediary
gateway device.

• The gateway can translate protocols and add an

additional layer of security for the entire IoT system.

How Does The IoT Work?

 BACK-END DATA-SHARING
• An extension of the device-to-cloud model, this model
allows users to gain access to and analyze a collection of
data from different smart devices.

• A company can use this model to access information

from all the devices working inside the company building
as organized together in the cloud. This model also helps
lessen issues with data portability.

How Does The IoT Work?

 • Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology

• Connectivity

• Cloud computing platforms

• Machine learning and analytics

• Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) - digital personal assistants

Alexa, Cortana, and Siri

WHAT TECHNOLOGIES HAVE MADE IOT POSSIBLE?

What Are The Applications Of
The IoT?
• People and homes - technology that can be worn,
more connected, energy-efficient, and
conveniently run home. Remotely accessed and
controlled by homeowners
• Automobiles - use different sensors in
combination with advanced control systems
• Factories - automate repetitive tasks, and access
information on manufacturing processes.
• Businesses - Cost-effective, efficient, and
productive.
• Cities - Gather data from and affect its
environment to help manage the various aspects
of city governance
What Are Some Ways IoT
Applications Are Deployed?

• Create new efficiencies in manufacturing

through machine monitoring and product-
quality monitoring.
• Improve the tracking and “ring-fencing” of
physical assets.
• Use wearables to monitor human health
analytics and environmental conditions.
• Drive efficiencies and new possibilities in
existing processes.
• Enable business process changes.
 MANUFACTURING

• Production-line monitoring to enable proactive

maintenance of equipment

• Allows companies to reduce operating costs, get

better uptime, and improve asset performance
management.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 AUTOMOTIVE

• Sensors can detect impending equipment failure in

vehicles

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS

• Fleets of cars, trucks, ships, and trains that carry

inventory can be rerouted based on weather conditions,
vehicle availability, or driver availability

• The inventory itself could also be equipped with sensors

for track-and-trace and temperature-control monitoring.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 RETAIL

• IoT applications allow retail companies to

manage inventory, improve customer
experience, optimize the supply chain, and
reduce operational costs.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 PUBLIC SECTOR

• Government-owned utilities can use IoT-based

applications to notify their users of mass outages and
even smaller interruptions of water, power, or sewer
services.

• IoT applications can collect data concerning the scope of

an outage and deploy resources to help utilities recover
from outages with greater speed.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 HEALTHCARE

• IoT asset monitoring provides multiple benefits to the

healthcare industry.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 GENERAL SAFETY ACROSS ALL INDUSTRIES

• IoT can be used to improve worker safety.

• IoT applications are also used for wearables that can

monitor human health and environmental conditions.

What Industries Can Benefit From IoT?

 STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

• Standards and regulations affect the overall quality

of services that IoT technologies render, and
therefore concern all IoT stakeholders, be they
individual users, device manufacturers, or
organizations integrating the technologies into their
processes.

What Are The Current Issues With The IoT?

 PRIVACY

• Determining the points where data collection should

be limited, or even stopping the collection of data
altogether on account of user privacy concerns, is
also difficult to achieve, especially with the
automated nature of most IoT systems.

What Are The Current Issues With The IoT?

 SECURITY
• IoT makes the technology a viable target for cybercriminals.

• The homogeneity of mass-produced smart devices

• Automation of IoT system are difficult to detect vulnerabilities and

breaches

• Environments in which IoT devices are deployed where attackers

may tamper with devices directly.

• The interconnectivity of IoT systems is an avenue for data breaches

and cyberattacks

What Are The Current Issues With The IoT?