01 Ras डीएलपी अपडेटेड कंटेंट (पीडीएफ) (Part-1)

viMs'ku&A
(u, ,oa iqjkus ikB~;Øe ds fo'ys"k.k ij vkèkkfjr)
Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy
vè;k;&1
^Hkkjr % HkkSxksfyd vofLFkfr ,oa HkkSfrd Lo:i * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
HkkSxksfyd vofLFkfr (Geographical Location)

zzHkkjr dh eq[; Hkwfe ls nwj vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg esa fLFkr nf{k.kre fcanq bafnjk ikWbaV vFkok fixesfy;u
ikWbaV (xzsV fudksckj }hi) rFkk Hkkjr dk lcls mÙkjh fcanq ^bafnjk dkWy* (tEew&d'ehj) gSA Hkkjr dk lcls iwohZ
fcanq ^fdchFkq* (vatk f”kyk] v#.kkpy izns'k) rFkk if'peh fcanq xqgkj eksrh (dPN f”kyk] xqtjkr) gSA
zzorZeku esa Hkkjr ds tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; dks vDVwcj 2019 esa tEew ,oa d'ehj rFkk yn~nk[k nks dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa
esa foHkkftr dj fn;k x;k gSA neu&nho rFkk nknjk vkSj ukxj gosyh nks dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dks feykdj ,d dsanz'kkflr
izns'k dk fuekZ.k dj fn;k x;k gSA blfy;s vc Hkkjr esa 28 jkT; ,oa 8 dsanz'kkflr izns'k gks x, gSaA Hkkjr ds x`g
ea=kky; }kjk u;k ekufp=k dk Hkh fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa rFkk dasnz'kkflr izns'kksa dks eq[;r% 6 vapyksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS
vapy lfEefyr jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k
iwohZ vapy (East Zone) fcgkj] vksfM'kk] >kj[kaM rFkk if'pe caxky
if'peh vapy (West Zone) jktLFkku] xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] xksok] neu ,oa nho rFkk nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh
mÙkjh vapy (North Zone) tEew&d'ehj] fgekpy izn's k] iatkc] mÙkjk[kaM] gfj;k.kk] mÙkj izn's k] fnYyh rFkk paMhx<+
nf{k.kh vapy (South Zone) vkaèkz izns'k] dukZVd] dsjy] rfeyukMq] rsyaxkuk] y{k}hi] vaMeku ,oa fudksckj
}hi lewg rFkk iqnqPpsjh
eè;orhZ vapy (Central Zone) eè; izns'k ,oa NÙkhlx<+
iwoksÙZ kj vapy (North–East Zone) vle] flfDde] es?kky;] f=kiqjk] ef.kiqj] fe”kksje] uxkySaM rFkk v#.kkpy izns'k
zzHkkjr esa 9 jkT;ksa rFkk 4 dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh lhek,¡ leqnzh rVjs[kk ls yxh gSa] ftlesa xqtjkr dh leqnzh rVjs[kk lcls
yach rFkk lcls NksVh leqnzh rVjs[kk okyk jkT; ^xksok* gSA 20 jkT; LFky#¼ (Land locked) gSa] buesa ls 5 jkT;
(gfj;k.kk] NÙkhlx<+] rsyaxkuk] eè; izns'k vkSj >kj[kaM) ,sls gSa ftudh lhek varjkZ"Vªh; lhek dks Li'kZ ugha djrhA
zzjkT;ksa rFkk dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa iqnqPpsjh ,d ,slk dasnz'kkflr izns'k gS tks rhu jkT;ksa esa iSQyk gqvk gS] ftlds varxZr
;ue (vkaèkz izns'k)] djkbZdy (rfeyukMq) êkgs* (dsjy) rFkk êwy iqnqPpsjh* dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
leqnzh rVjs[kk okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k
jkT; dsanz'kkflr izns'k
xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] xksok] dukZVd] dsjy] rfeyukMq] vkaèkz izns'k] vaMeku&fudksckj }hi lewg] y{k}hi] neu ,oa
vksfM'kk rFkk if'pe caxky nho rFkk iqnqPpsjh
641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09
1
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Website: www.drishtiIAS.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/drishtithevisionfoundation
fnYyh ls layXu jkT; NCR esa lfEefyr f”kys
1. gfj;k.kk (i) iQjhnkckn] (ii) xq#xzke] (iii) esokr] (iv) jksgrd] (v) lksuhir] (vi) jsokM+h] (vii) >T>j]
(viii) ikuhir] (ix) iyoy] (x) fHkokuh] (xi) egsanzx<+] (xii) than] (xiii) djuky
2. mÙkj izns'k (i) esjB] (ii) xkf”k;kckn] (iii) xkSre cq¼ uxj] (iv) cqyan'kgj] (v) gkiqM+] (vi) ckxir
(vii) eq”kÝiQjuxj (viii) 'kkeyh
3. jktLFkku (i) vyoj] (ii) Hkjriqj
uksV% jktLFkku dh lhek fnYYkh ls ugha yxrh gS] fdarq mlds nks f”kys NCR (National Capital Region) esa
lfEefyr gSaA
Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh lhek ls layXu ns'k

Hkkjrh; jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa layXu ns'kksa dh la[;k layXu ns'kksa ds uke
flfDde 3 usiky] HkwVku] phu
v#.kkpy izns'k 3 phu] HkwVku] E;kaekj
uxkySaM 1 E;kaekj
ef.kiqj 1 E;kaekj
fe”kksje 2 ckaXykns'k] E;kaekj
f=kiqjk 1 ckaXykns'k
es?kky; 1 ckaXykns'k
vle 2 HkwVku] ckaXykns'k
if'pe caxky 3 ckaXykns'k] usiky] HkwVku
fcgkj 1 usiky
mÙkj izns'k 1 usiky
mÙkjk[kaM 2 usiky] phu
fgekpy izns'k 1 phu
tEew&d'ehj 1 ikfdLrku
yík[k 3 ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku] phu
iatkc 1 ikfdLrku
jktLFkku 1 ikfdLrku
xqtjkr 1 ikfdLrku
lac¼ Hkkjrh;
lhek dh yackbZ
iM+kslh ns'k jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr lac¼ Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds uke
(fdeh- esa)
izns'kksa dh la[;k
ckaXykns'k 4,096.7 5 if'pe caxky] vle] es?kky;] f=kiqjk rFkk fe”kksje
yík[k] fgekpy izns'k] mÙkjk[kaM] flfDde rFkk v#.kkpy
phu 3,488 5
izns'k
ikfdLrku 3,323 5 tEew&d'ehj] yík[k] iatkc] jktLFkku rFkk xqtjkr
usiky 1,751 5 mÙkjk[kaM] mÙkj izns'k] fcgkj] if'pe caxky rFkk flfDde
E;kaekj 1,643 4 v#.kkpy izns'k] uxkySaM] ef.kiqj rFkk fe”kksje
2
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
HkwVku 699 4 flfDde] if'pe caxky] vle rFkk v#.kkpy izns'k
viQxkfuLrku 106 1 yík[k
oqQy yackbZ 15,106.7 lzksr% x`g ea=kky;
Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dh jktèkkfu;k¡

jkT; jktèkkuh jkT; jktèkkuh
fgekpy izns'k f'keyk (xzh"e dky esa)] èkeZ'kkyk (lfnZ;ksa esa) dsjy fr#ouariqje~
iatkc paMhx<++ rfeyukMq psUubZ
gfj;k.kk paMhx<+ vkaèkz izns'k gSnjkckn (^vejkorh* izLrkfor)
mÙkjk[kaM nsgjknwu rsyaxkuk gSnjkckn
mÙkj izns'k y[kuÅ if'pe caxky dksydkrk
jktLFkku t;iqj xksok i.kth
xqtjkr xkaèkhuxj flfDde xaxVksd
eè; izns'k Hkksiky vle fnliqj
NÙkhlx<+ jk;iqj v#.kkpy izns'k bZVkuxj
fcgkj iVuk uxkySaM dksfgek
>kj[kaM jk¡ph ef.kiqj baiQky
vksfM'kk Hkqous'oj fe”kksje vkb”kksy
egkjk"Vª eqacbZ f=kiqjk vxjryk
dukZVd caxyq# es?kky; f'kykWUx
dsanz'kkflr çns'k jktèkkuh dsanz'kkflr çns'k jktèkkuh

*neu ,oa nho] nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh neu y{k}hi dokjÙkh
paMhx<+ paMhx<++ vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg iksVZ Cys;j (nf{k.kh vaMeku)
iqnqPpsjh iqnqPpsjh jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k fnYyh ubZ fnYyh
yík[k ysg tEew ,oa d'ehj Jhuxj (xzh"edkyhu)] tEew
('khrdkyhu)
uksV% neu nho rFkk nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh nksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dks feykdj ,d dsanz'kkflr izns'k dk fuekZ.k dj
fn;k x;k gSA
vè;k;&6
^Hkkjr dh izkÏfrd ouLifr;k¡ * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
izkÑfrd ouLifr;ksa ds izdkj (Types of Natural Vegetation)

jk"Vªh; ou uhfr (National Forest Policy)
zzHkkjr esa loZizFke 1894 esa ou uhfr cukbZ xbZ FkhA
zzLora=krk ds ckn 1952 esa igyh ckj jk"Vªh; ou uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA bl uhfr dk y{; ljdkj dks ouksa ls
vfèkdre vk; izkIr djkuk FkkA
3
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzo"kZ 1988 esa ubZ jk"Vªh; ou uhfr ouksa ds {ks=kiQy esa gks jgh deh dks jksdus ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ FkhA blds vuqlkj
ns'k ds 33% HkwHkkx dks ouksa ds varxZr ykuk FkkA
zzfo'o ds oqQy HkwHkkx dk 27% Hkkx ou ls <dk gqvk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; ou uhfr] 1988 ds vuqlkj eSnkuh Hkkxksa esa 20% rFkk ioZrh; Hkkxksa esa 60% {ks=k dks oukPNkfnr djus dh
vko';drk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; ou uhfr] 1988 ds eq[; y{; fuEufyf[kr gSa&
izkÑfrd laink dk laj{k.k djukA
ikfjfLFkfrdh larqyu ds laj{k.k rFkk iquLFkkZiuk }kjk i;kZoj.k larqyu dks cuk, j[kukA
O;kid o`{kkjksi.k vkSj lkekftd okfudh dk;ZØe ds ekè;e ls ouksa ds vkPNknu esa egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼ djukA
ufn;ksa] >hyksa vkSj tyk'k;ksa ds tyxzg.k {ks=k esa Hkwfe dVko rFkk ouksa ds {kj.k dks fu;af=kr djukA
xzkeh.k rFkk vkfnoklh tula[;k ds fy;s b±èku dh ydM+h] pkjk rFkk vU; NksVh&eksVh ou mit vko';drkvksa
dh iwfrZ gsrq dne mBkukA
Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ, 2019 (Indian Forest Status Reports, 2019)

zz30 fnlacj] 2019 dks ^Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ] 2019* tkjh dh xbZA ;g fjiksVZ Hkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k }kjk izdkf'kr
dh xbZ gS] tks i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; ds vèkhu ,d laxBu gSA
zzo"kZ 1987 ls Hkkjrh; ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ dks f}okf"kZd :i esa Hkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k }kjk izdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
bl Js.kh dh 16oha fjiksVZ gSA
zzbl fjiksVZ esa ou ,oa ou lalkèkuksa ds vkdyu ds fy;s Hkkjrh; nwjlaosnh mixzg fjlkslZ lsV&2 ls izkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk
bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA fjiksVZ esa lVhdrk ykus ds fy;s vk¡dM+ksa dh tk¡p gsrq oSKkfud i¼fr viukbZ xbZ gSA
zzvkfnoklh f”kyksa esa dqy oukoj.k 4,22,351 oxZ fdeh- gS] tks bu f”kyksa ds dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dk 37.54% gSA
orZeku losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj vkfnoklh f”kyksa esa ntZ ou {ks=k@xzhu okW'k ds Hkhrj 741 oxZ fdeh- dh fxjkoV rFkk
blds ckgj 1,922 oxZ fdeh- dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
ISFR (Hkkjr dh ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ)] 2019 ,oa 2017 ds izeq[k fu"d"kZ
ISFR, 2019 ISFR, 2017
ns'k esa ouksa vkSj o`{kksa ls vkPNkfnr dqy {ks=kiQy 8,07,276 oxZ fdeh- (24.56%) 8,02,088 oxZ fdeh- (24.39%)
HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy esa ouksa dk fgLlk 7,12,249 oxZ fdeh- (21.67%) 7,08,273 oxZ fdeh- (21.54%)
ouksa ls vkPNkfnr {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ 3976 oxZ fdeh- 6778 oxZ fdeh-
o`{kksa ls vkPNkfnr {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ 1212 oxZ fdeh- 1243 oxZ fdeh-
oukoj.k vkSj o`{kkoj.k {ks=kiQy esa dqy o`f¼ 5188 oxZ fdeh- (0.65%) 8021 oxZ fdeh- (1%)
HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy esa ouksa vkSj o`{kkoj.k dk fgLlk 24.56% 24.39%
zzbl fjiksVZ esa lcls mRlkgtud ladsr ?kus ouksa dk c<+uk gSA fjiksVZ esa ouksa dks ?kuRo ds vkèkkj ij rhu oxks±& cgqr
?kus taxy (Very Dense Forest–VDF) eè;e ?kus taxy (Moderately Dense Forest–MDF) vkSj [kqys taxy
(Open Forest–OF) esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA
zz?kus ou {ks=k ok;qeaMy ls lokZfèkd ek=kk esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM lks[kus dk dke djrs gSaA orZeku ewY;kadu eas ou eas
dqy dkcZu LVkWd 7,124.6 fefy;u Vu vuqekfur gSA 2017 ds fiNys ewY;kadu dh rqyuk eas ns'k ds dkcZu LVkWd
esa 42.6 fefy;u Vu dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzfjiksVZ ds rk”kk vkdyu ds vuqlkj ns'k ds 17 jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dk 33% HkwHkkx ouksa ls f?kjk gSA
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zzbuesa ls 7 jkT;ksa vkSj la?k'kkflr izns'kksa (fe”kksje] y{k}hi] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg] uxkySaM] es?kky;]
v#.kkpy izns'k vkSj ef.kiqj) dk 75% ds chp dk HkwHkkx ouksa ls f?kjk gSA ns'k dk 40% oukPNkfnr {ks=k 10 g”kkj
oxZ fdyksehVj ;k blls vfèkd ds 9 cM+s {ks=kksa ds :i esa ekStwn gSA
zzns'k esa eSaxzkso ouLifr dk {ks=k 4975 oxZ fdeh- gS] ftlesa o"kZ 2017 ds vkdyu dh rqyuk esa dqy 54 oxZ fdeh-
dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzeSaxzkso ouLifr okys 3 jkT;ksa esa fiNys vkdyu dh rqyuk esa ldkjkRed cnyko ns[kk x;k gS] tcfd 6 jkT;kas dh
fLFkfr vifjorZuh; gS rFkk 3 jkT;ksa esa eSaxzkso ouLifr dk ßkl ns[kk x;k gSA eSaxzkso ouLifr tSo&fofoèkrk ls le`¼
gksrh gS] tks dbZ rjg dh ikfjfLFkfrdh; vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrh gSA
zzfjikssVZ ds vuqlkj ns'k esa cká ou ,oa o`{kkoj.k dk dqy LVkWd 591.576 djksM+ ?ku ehVj vuqekfur gS] ftleas ls
427.347 djksM+ ?ku ehVj {ks=k ouksa ds vanj gS] tcfd 164.229 djksM+ ?ku ehVj {ks=k ouksa ds ckgj gSA
zzns'k esa ck¡l ds varxZr dqy 1,60,03 oxZ fdeh- vkdfyr fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ] 2017 ds vuqeku
dh rqyuk eas ck¡l izHkkoh {ks=k eas 3,229 oxZ fdeh- dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzigyh ckj bl fjiksVZ esa ouksa esa fLFkr ty lzksrksa dk 2005 ls 2015 dh vofèk ds vkèkkj ij vkdyu fd;k x;k
gSA blds vuqlkj bu ty fudk;ksa ds {ks=kiQy esa 2647 oxZ fdeh- dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA buesa egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] eè;
izns'k 'kh"kZ jkT; gSaA
zzorZeku Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ esa ,d u;k vè;k; ôu izdkj ,oa tSo&fofoèkrk* (Forest Types of Biodiversity)
Hkh tksM+k x;k gS] tks pSafi;u vkSj lsB oxhZdj.k (1968) ds vkèkkj ij ou izdkj ds ekufp=k.k ds fu"d"kks± dks izLrqr
djrk gS rFkk 16 ou izdkj lewgksa esa ikSèks dh iztkfr;ksa ds izFke rs”kh ls tSo fofoèkrk ewY;kadu dk ifj.kke gSA
zze`nk tSfod dkcZu (Soil Organic Carbon) oukas esa dkcZu LVkWd ds lcls cM+s HkaMkj dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gS] ftls
4,004 fefy;u Vu vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ns'k ds dqy dkcZu LVkWd esa e`nk tSfod dkcZu dk ;ksxnku 56 izfr'kr gSA
zzns'k ds ntZ ou {ks=k@xzhu okW'k (RFA/GW) ds Hkhrj {ks=k ds 3.83% dks doj djus okyh 62,466 vknzZHkwfe gSaA ntZ
ou {ks=k@xzhu okW'k ds Hkhrj fLFkr vknzZHkwfe dh dqy la[;k 8.13% gSA jkT;ksa ds chp] xqtjkr ns'k eas ntZ ou {ks=k
ds Hkhrj vknZzHkwfe dk lcls cM+k {ks=k gS] ftlds ckn if'pe caxky dk LFkku gSA
zzntZ ou {ks=k@xzhu okW'k ds Hkhrj ou vkoj.k eas 330 oxZ fdeh- (0.05%) dh ekewyh deh ns[kh xbZ gS] tcfd ntZ
ou {ks=k@xzhu okW'k ds ckgj 4,306 oxZ fdeh- ds ou vkoj.k esa 2017 ds fiNys ewY;kadu dh rqyuk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzHkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ esa ,d vkdyu ds vuqlkj oukas ij b±èku dh fuHkZjrk egkjk"Vª jkT; esa lcls vfèkd gS]
tcfd pkjk] NksVh ydM+h] ck¡l ds fy;s eè; izns'k esa fuHkZjrk lcls vfèkd gSA blds lkFk ;g Hkh vkdyu fd;k
x;k gS fd ou lhekar xk¡okas esa jgus okys yksxksa }kjk NksVh ydM+h dk okf"kZd fu"dklu ns'k ds ouksa dh vkSlr mit
dk yxHkx 7% gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj us ,d ,sfrgkfld igy djrs gq, Hkkjrh; ou vfèkfu;e] 1927 dh èkkjk 2(7) vkSj dVkbZ ikjxeu
ijfeV dh vko';drk ds lkFk blds ifjogu ,oa vkfFkZd mi;ksx ds fy;s Hkkjrh; ou (la'kksèku) vè;kns'k] 2017
dks ck¡l dks isM+ dh ifjHkk"kk ls eqDr djds bls xSj&ou {ks=k esa mxkus dks dgk gSA bl la'kksèku ls igys] ou vkSj
lkFk gh xSj&ou Hkwfe ij mxk, x, ck¡l dh dVkbZ ,oa ikjxeu us Hkkjrh; ou vfèkfu;e] 1927 ds izkoèkkuksa dks
vkdf"kZr fd;k FkkA ;g xSj&ou Hkwfe ij fdlkukas }kjk ck¡l dh [ksrh ds fy;s ,d izeq[k ckèkk FkhA la'kksèku dk
eq[; mn~ns'; xSj&ou {ks=kksa esa ck¡l dh [ksrh dks c<+kok nsuk gS] rkfd fdlkuksa dh vk; esa o`f¼ gks lds vkSj ns'k
dk gfjr {ks=k Hkh c<+ ldsA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr ds ou losZ{k.k dh uohu igysa (Recent Initiative of FSI)
ns'k ds okfudh {ks=k dh mHkjrh lwpuk vko';drkvksa dks lacksfèkr djus vkSj ou fuxjkuh ,oa ewY;kadu ds {ks=k esa
uohure midj.kksa vkSj rduhdkas dks viukus ds mn~ns'; ds lkFk] Hkkjr ou losZ{k.k ges'kk viuh xfrfofèk;ksa rFkk u,
vè;;uksa esa mi;ksx dh tkus okyh iz.kkfy;kas vkSj izfØ;kvkas dks csgrj cukus ds fy;s iz;kl djrk gSA dqN egÙoiw.kZ
igykas dk laf{kIr fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gS&
ou lanHkZ Lrj (Forest Reference Level) dks UNFCCC eas izLrqr djuk
Hkkjr ou losZ{k.k (FSI) us tyok;q ifjorZu ij varlZjdkjh iSuy (IPCC) ds xqM izSfDVLk xkbMsal (2003) esa nh
xbZ varjkZ"Vªh; vuqeksfnr i¼fr ds ckn ns'k ds fy;s ou lanHkZ Lrj (FRL) rS;kj fd;k gSA FRL taxyksa ls csl ykbu
mRltZu Lrj gS vkSj ;g REDD+ (Reduce emission from deforestation and forest degradation) rS;kj gksus ds fy;s
ns'k dh pkj vko';drkvkas eas ls ,d gSA bldk iz;ksx REDD+ dk;kZUo;u vkSj izn'kZu ij vkèkkfjr foÙkiks"k.k ds fy;s
ns'k ds izn'kZu dks fuèkkZfjr djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr ds FRL dks o"kZ 2018 eas FSI }kjk i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q
ifjorZu ea=kky; (MoEF & CC) dks izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlds vuqeksnu ds ckn ;g tyok;q ifjorZu ij la;qDr
jk"Vª iszQeodZ dUoas'ku (UNFCCC) dks izLrqr fd;k x;k] ftls UNFCCC dh osclkbV ij viyksM fd;k x;k gSA
oSf'od ou lalkèku ewY;kadu (GFRA), 2020 ij ns'k dh fjiksVZ izLrqr djuk
la;qDr jk"Vª [kk| vkSj Ñf"k laxBu (FAO) vius lnL; ns'kksa ds vuqjksèk ij] fu;fer :i ls nqfu;k ds taxykas vkSj
muds izcaèku ,oa mik;ksa GFRA ds ekè;e ls djrk gSA ou lalkèku ewY;kadu (FRA) izfØ;k dks fofHkUUk ns'kkas esa uksMy
,tsafl;kas ds ekè;e ls FAO ds okfudh foHkkx }kjk lefUor fd;k tkrk gSA FSI dks Hkkjr ds fy;s uksMy ,tsalh ds
:i esa ukfer fd;k x;k gSA FRA 2020 ds fy;s ns'k dh fjiksVZ gky gh esa FSI }kjk FAO dks lkSaih xbZ gSA GFRA
2020 dks FAO }kjk ekpZ 2020 rd tkjh fd;s tkus dh mEehn gSA
fu.kZ; leFkZu iz.kkyh (Decision Support System) dk mUu;u

FSI us ou (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1980 ds rgr ea”kwjh ds lacaèk esa oLrqfu"B fu.kZ; esa MoEF&CC dh lqfoèkk ds
fy;s 2014 esa ,d osc GIS (Geographic Information System) vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu iz.kkyh (DSS) dh LFkkiuk
dh gSA blds lapkyu ds 4 lky ckn] DSS dk mUu;u blds rduhdh fodkl dks 'kkfey djus] vfèkd ijrksa dks
tksM+us vkSj bls vfèkd le`¼] yphyk ,oa e”kcwr cukus ds rgr fd;k x;k gSA
jk"Vªh; ou lwph dk vkèkqfudhdj.k
FSI us 2016 ds ckn ls ,d ubZ csgrj jk"Vªh; ou lwph (NFI) fM”kkbu viukbZ gSA ubZ fM”kkbu tks fd 5 oxZ
fdeh- ds vkdkj ds fxzM ij vkèkkfjr gS] ls dbZ lqèkkj gq, gSa] tSls fd uewuk ysus dh rhozrk mPp ifj'kq¼rk dh vksj
c<+h gS] uewuk IykWV iwjs ns'k esa leku :i ls iSQy x, gSa] bUoasVªh pØ ?kVk gS] lkFk gh dbZ u, ekinaMksa dks tksM+k x;k
gS] ftlls csgrj lVhdrk ds lkFk jkT; Lrj ds vuqeku laHko gSaA
LFkk;h voyksdu Hkw[kaM (POP : Permanent Observation Plots)
ns'k eas oukas dh nh?kZdkfyd ikfjfLFkfrd fuxjkuh ds mn~ns'; ls FSI us ns'k Hkj esa iSQys LFkk;h voyksdu Hkw[kaMkas
(POP) ds usVodZ dh LFkkiuk dh ,d ubZ xfrfofèk 'kq: dh gSA POP dks bl rjhds ls iSQykus ds fy;s ,d fM”kkbu
fd;k x;k gS] tks izR;sd jkT; eas lHkh ou izdkjkas ds izfrfufèkRo dks vafre :i nsrk gSA ik;yV vkèkkj ij dqN POP
LFkkfir djus ds ckn ,d elkSnk fu;ekoyh rS;kj dh xbZ gS rFkk fnlacj 2019 ls POP ds igys pj.k ds usVodZ ds
vkjaHk gksus dh mEehn gSA
6
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
FSI esa Mªksu dh Hkwfedk
oukas dh fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu esa dbZ laHkkfor vuqiz;ksxkas ds lkFk Mªksu mHkjrh gqbZ rduhd gSA FSI us ik;yV
vkèkkj ij viuh xfrfofèk;kas esa Mªksu 'kkfey fd;s gSa vkSj ou lhek ds lhekadu esa Mªksu ds vkosnu ds fy;s dk;Ziz.kkyh
dks ekudhÑr fd;k tk jgk gSA Mªksu vuqiz;ksxkas eas jkT; ou foHkkxksa (SFDs) dh {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy;s FSI us fu;fer
izf'k{k.k nsuk Hkh 'kq: fd;k gSA
ns'k ds ou ck;ksekl (tSoHkkj) ekufp=k.k ds fy;s bljks ds laLFkkukas ds lkFk lg;ksx
FSI us gky gh eas ISRO ds laLFkkukas] vFkkZr~ Lisl ,Iyhds'ku lsaVj (SAC)] vgenkckn] us'kuy fjeksV lsa¯lx lsaVj
(NRSC), gSnjkckn] ukWFkZ bZLVuZ Lisl ,Iyhds'ku lsaVj (NESAC) f'kykWUx ds lkFk lg;ksx jk"Vªh; Lrj ij flaFksfVd
vijpj jMkj MkVk dk mi;ksx djds ou ck;ksekl ekufp=k.k fufeZr djus ds fy;s fd;k gSA bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr
vle vkSj vksfM'kk jkT;kas dk ou ck;ksekl ekufp=k.k iwjk gks pqdk gSA
Hkkjr ds jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa oukas dk vkoj.k
2019 ds vk¡dM+s HkkSxksfyd
HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy
vfr l?ku eè;e
jkT; {ks=kiQy [kqys ou dqy ou dk
ou l?ku ou
izfr'kr
oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh-
vkaèkz izns'k 1,62,968 1,994 13,938 13,205 29,137 17.88
v#.kkpy izns'k 83,743 21,095 30,557 15,036 66,688 79.63
vle 78,438 2,795 10,279 15,253 28,327 36.11
fcgkj 94,163 333 3,280 3,693 7,306 7.76
NÙkhlx<+ 1,35,192 7,068 32,198 16,345 55,611 41.13
fnYyh 1,483 6.72 56.42 132.30 195.44 13.18
xksok 3,702 538 576 1,123 2,237 60.43
xqtjkr 1,96,244 378 5,092 9,387 14,857 7.57
gfj;k.kk 44,212 28 451 1,123 1,602 3.62
fgekpy izns'k 55,673 3,113 7,126 5,195 15,434 27.72
tEew vkSj d'ehj
53,258* 4,203 7,952 8,967 21,122 39.66
tEew (dsanz'kkflr izns'k)
vkSj yn~nk[k
1,69,421* 78 660 1,752 2,490 1.47
d'ehj (dasnz'kkflr izns'k)
dqy 2,22,236 4,281 8,612 10,719 23,612 10.62
>kj[kaM 79,716 2,603 9,687 11,321 23,611 29.62
dukZVd 1,91,791 4,501 21,048 13,026 38,575 20.11
dsjy 38,852 1,935 9,508 9,701 21,144 54.42
eè; izns'k 3,08,252 6,676 34,341 36,465 77,482 25.14
egkjk"Vª 3,07,713 8,721 20,572 21,485 50,778 16.50

7
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ef.kiqj 22,327 905 6,386 9,556 16,847 75.46
es?kky; 22,429 489 9,267 7,363 17,119 76.33
fe”kksje 21,081 157 5,801 12,048 18,006 85.41
uxkySaM 16,579 1,273 4,534 6,679 12,486 75.31
vksfM'kk 1,55,707 6,970 21,552 23,097 51,619 33.15
iatkc 50,362 8 801 1,040 1,849 3.67
jktLFkku 3,42,239 78 4,342 12,210 16,630 4.86
flfDde 7,096 1,102 1,552 688 3,342 47.10
rfeyukMq 1,30,060 3,605 11,030 11,729 26,364 20.27
rsyaxkuk 1,12,077 1,608 8,787 10,187 20,582 18.36
f=kiqjk 10,486 654 5,236 1,836 7,726 73.68
mÙkj izns'k 2,40,928 2,617 4,080 8,109 14,806 6.15
mÙkjk[kaM 53,483 5,047 12,805 6,451 24,303 45.44
if'pe caxky 88,752 3,019 4,160 9,723 16,902 19.04
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj
8,249 5,678 684 381 6,743 81.74
}hi lewg
paMhx<+ 114 1.36 14.24 6.43 22.03 19.32
nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh 491 0 80 127 207 42.16
neu vkSj nho 111 1.40 5.69 13.40 20.49 18.46
y{k}hi 30 0 16.09 11.01 27.10 90.33
iqnqPpsjh 490 0 17.66 34.75 52.41 10.70
dqy 32,87,469 99,278 3,08,472 3,04,499 7,12,249 21.67
*Js.kheas fn;k x;k ;g vkdkj {ks=k losZ vkWiQ bafM;k }kjk iznku (fnlacj 2019) fd;k x;k gSA losZ vkWiQ bafM;k
(SoI) ls vfèklwfpr HkkSxksfyd {ks=k izrhf{kr gSA
Hkkjr dh ou fjiksVZ (ISFR)–2019

ou fjiksVZ] 2019 ou fjiksVZ, 2017
Js.kh
{ks=kiQy HkkSxksfyd {ks=k {ks=kiQy HkkSxksfyd {ks=k
oukoj.k
(oxZ fdeh-) (izfr'kr) (oxZ fdeh-) (izfr'kr)
vfr l?ku ou 99,278 3.02 98,158 2.99
eè;e l?ku ou 3,08,472 9.39 3,08,318 9.38
[kqys ou 3,04,499 9.26 3,01,797 9.18
dqy oukoj.k* 7,12,249 21.67 7,08,273 21.54
>kfM+;k¡ 46,297 1.41 45,799 1.40
xSj&ou 25,28,923 76.92 25,33,217 77.06

8
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr ds ik¡p 'kh"kZ oukoj.k okys jkT;
jkT; dqy ou {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
eè; izns'k 77,482
v#.kkpy izns'k 66,688
NÙkhlx<+ 55,611
vksfM'kk 51,619
egkjk"Vª 50,778
Hkkjr ds ik¡p U;wure oukoj.k okys jkT;

jkT; dqy ou {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
gfj;k.kk 1,602
iatkc 1,849
xksok 2,237
flfDde 3,342
fcgkj 7,306
Hkkjr ds ik¡p 'kh"kZ oukoj.k izfr'kr okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k oukoj.k (izfr'kr)
y{k}hi 90.33
fe”kksje 85.41
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg 81.74
v#.kkpy izns'k 79,63
es?kky; 76.33
Hkkjr ds U;wure ik¡p ou vkoj.k izfr'kr okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k ou vkoj.k (izfr'kr)
yn~nk[k (UT) 1.47
gfj;k.kk 3.62
iatkc 3.67
jktLFkku 4.86
mÙkj izns'k 6.15
HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dk 33% ls vfèkd ou vkoj.k okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

2019 dk vkdyu ou
jkT;@dsanz'kkflr HkkSxksfyd
vfr l?ku eè;e l?ku >kfM+ ; k¡ vkoj.k
izns'k {ks=kiQy [kqys ou dqy
ou ou izfr'kr
oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh- oxZ fdeh-
y{k}hi 30 0 16.09 11.01 27.10 0 90.33
fe”kksje 21,081 157 5,801 12,048 18,006 1 85.41
vaMeku vkSj
8,249 5,678 684 381 6,743 1 81.74
fudksckj }hi lewg
9
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
v#.kkpy izns'k 83,743 21,095 30,557 15,036 66,688 229 79.63
es?kky; 22,429 489 9,267 7,363 17,119 600 76.33
ef.kiqj 22,327 905 6,386 9,556 16,847 1,181 75.46
uxkySaM 16,579 1,273 4,534 6,679 12,486 635 75.31
f=kiqjk 10,486 654 5,236 1,836 7,726 29 73.68
xksok 3,702 538 576 1,123 2,237 0 60.43
dsjy 38,852 1,935 9,508 9,701 21,144 13 54.42
flfDde 7,096 1,102 1,552 688 3,342 307 47.10
mÙkjk[kaM 53,483 5,047 12,805 6,451 24,303 383 45.44
nknjk ,oa ukxj
491 0 80 127 207 5 42.16
gosyh
NÙkhlx<+ 1,35,192 7,068 32,198 16,345 55,611 610 41.13
tEew&d'ehj (UT) 53,258* 4,203 7,952 8,967 21,122 250 39.66
vle 78,438 2,795 10,279 15,253 28,327 173 36.11
vksfM'kk 1,55,707 6,970 21,552 23,097 51,619 4,327 33.15
ou {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ djus okys 'kh"kZ 5 jkT;

jkT; {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
dukZVd 1,025
vkaèkz izns'k 990
dsjy 823
tEew&d'ehj (la;qDr)* 371
fgekpy izns'k 334
* tEew&d'ehj (dsanz'kkflr izns'k) dk o`f¼ {ks=kiQy 348 oxZ fdeh- rFkk yn~nk[k (dsanz'kkflr izns'k) dk o`f¼
{ks=kiQy 23 oxZ fdeh- gS] tcfd fjiksVZ esa pkSFks LFkku ij la;qDr tEew&d'ehj dks j[kk x;k gSA
ou {ks=kiQy esa ßkl djus okys 'kh"kZ 5 jkT;
jkT; {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
ef.kiqj 499
v#.kkpy izns'k 276
fe”kksje 180
es?kky; 27
ukxkySaM 3
Hkkjr esa eSaxzkso ouLifr

jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k ou fjiksVZ] 2019 (oxZ fdeh-) ou fjiksVZ] 2017 (oxZ fdeh-)
vkaèkz izns'k 404 404
xksok 26 26
xqtjkr 1,177 1140

10
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dukZVd 10 10
dsjy 9 9
egkjk"Vª 320 304
vksfM'kk 251 243
rfeyukMq 45 49
i- caxky 2112 2114
vaMeku fudksckj 616 617
neu vkSj nho 3 3
iqnqPpsjh 2 2
dqy 4,975 4,921
Hkkjr ds ou izdkj vkSj tSo&fofoèkrk (Forest Types and Biodiversity of India)

ou lalkèkuksa ds ckjs esa oSKkfud tkudkjh] tSls fd ou izdkjkas dk foLrkj ,oa forj.k] tks ikni leqnk; rFkk
tSo&fofoèkrk ds lacaèk dks n'kkZrk gS] ou uhfr] ;kstuk] izcaèku vkSj laj{k.k iz;klkas ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq ,d iwoZ 'krZ gSA
Hkkjrh; taxyksa dh fp=kekyk vaMeku fudksckj }hi lewg] if'peh ?kkV vkSj mÙkj&iwoZ ds jkT;kas esa m".kdfVcaèkh; vknzZ
lnkcgkj ou ls ysdj mÙkj esa fgeky; 'kq"d 'kadqèkkjh >kfM+;ksa dh lhek rd gSA ns'k esa v¼Zlnkcgkj ou] i.kZikrh ou]
dk¡Vsnkj ou fupys ioZrh; {ks=k esa rFkk miks".kdfVcaèkh; 'kadqèkkjh ou ,oa 'khrks".k ioZrh; ou mQ¡ps {ks=kkas esa ik, tkrs
gSaA nwljh vksj m".kdfVcaèkh; 'kq"d i.kZikrh vkSj dk¡Vsnkj ou jktLFkku ,oa xqtjkr ds v¼Z'kq"d {ks=kkas eas ik, tkrs gSaA
Hkkjr ds fofHkUu ou izdkj lewgkas ds varxZr {ks=kiQy
Ø-la- lewg ds izdkj {ks=k (oxZ fdeh- esa) dqy ;ksx dk izfr'kr
1. lewg 1 m".kdfVcaèkh; vknzZ lnkcgkj ou 20,054 2.61
2. lewg 2 m".kdfVcaèkh; v¼Z lnkcgkj ou 71,171 9.27
3. lewg 3 m".kdfVcaèkh; ue i.kZikrh ou 1,35,492 17.65
4. lewg 4 rVh; vkSj nynyh ou 5,596 0.73
5. lewg 5 m".kdfVcaèkh; 'kq"d i.kZikrh ou 3,13,617 40.86
6. lewg 6 m".kdfVcaèkh; dk¡Vsnkj ou 20,877 2.72
7. lewg 7 m".kdfVcaèkh; 'kq"d lnkcgkj ou 937 0.12
8. lewg 8 m".kdfVcaèkh; O;kid iÙkh okys igkM+h ou 32,706 4.26
9. lewg 9 miks".kdfVcaèkh; ikbu ('kadqèkkjh) ou 18,102 2.36
10. lewg 10 miks".kdfVcaèkh; O;kid iÙkh okys igkM+h ou 180 0.02
11. lewg 11 ioZrh; vknzZ le'khrks".k ou 20,435 2.66
12. lewg 12 fgeky;h ue (moist) le'khrks".k ou 25,743 3.35
13. lewg 13 fgeky;h 'kq"d le'khrks".k ou 5,627 0.73
14. lewg 14 mi 'kadqèkkjh ou 14,995 1.96
15. lewg 15 ue 'kadqèkkjh >kfM+;k¡ 959 0.13
16. lewg 16 'kq"d 'kadqèkkjh >kfM+;k¡ 2,922 0.38
17. (o`{kkjksi.k@ou ds ckgj o`{k) 64,839 8.45

11
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dqy (ou vkoj.k + >kfM+;k¡) 7,54,252 98.26
fofHkUu ou izdkj ds lewgkas esa ?kkl Hkwfe (fcuk taxy ds) 13,329 1.74
dqy ;ksx* 7,67,581 100.00
1935 bZ- esa vfoHkkftr Hkkjr ds oukas ds fy;s igyh ckj ,p-th- pSafi;u us oxhZÑr iz.kkyh dks izfrikfnr fd;kA
ckn esa ,l-ds- lsB (1968 esa) us pSafi;u ds bl dk;Z dks la'kksfèkr djus esa lg;ksx fn;kA blds ckn ;g iz.kkyh ns'k
esa ou izdkj ds oxhZdj.k eas ekud cu xbZA ^Hkkjr ds ou izdkj* o"kZ 1968 esa pSafi;u vkSj lsB }kjk izdkf'kr Hkkjr
ds ou izdkjkas dh ekSfyd oxhZÑr iz.kkyh gSA ;g rhu Lrjh; oxhZdj.k iz.kkyh gS& blesa 6 tyok;q vkèkkfjr eq[; lewg
16 rkieku vkSj o"kkZ {ks=k vkèkkfjr izdkjkas eas mifoHkkftr gSaA ;s lewg Hkh vkxs nf{k.kh vkSj mÙkjh Lo:ikas eas foHkkftr
gSaA ;|fi] ;g fdrkc dsoy 200 ou izdkjkas ,oa blds mPp Js.khxr Lrjkas ds fooj.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrh gSA blh
dks vkèkkj ekurs gq, dsanz'kkflr izns'k@jkT;okj o`{k] >kM+h ,oa vkS"kfèk;kas dh iztkfr;kas dh la[;k ij fjiksVZ izLrqr dh
xbZ gSA
tSo&fofoèkrk dh ekU;rk i;kZoj.k ,oa fodkl lEesyu ds nkSjku 1992 eas ,d egÙoiw.kZ i;kZoj.k eqn~ns ds :i eas
lkeus vkbZA tc ns'kkas us tSo&fofoèkrk esa deh dh nj dks de djus dks lgefr nh rks lEesyu us o"kZ 2002 esa
tSo&fofoèkrk ij lEesyu (CBD) ds vuqeksnu dh fn'kk esa dne j[kkA lEesyu ds fy;s ,d lfØ; vkSj f”kEesnkj i{k
ds :i esa rFkk ,d fo'kky tSo fofoèkrk okyk ns'k gksus ds ukrs Hkkjr vius tSfod lalkèkukas ds laj{k.k ds fy;s
izfrc¼ gSA
ouksa esa tSo&fofoèkrk dk vkdyu egÙoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd ;g ou ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkfy;kas ds laj{k.k dh fLFkfr dk
izfrfufèkRo djus ds fy;s ,d ladsrd iznku djrk gS vkSj ;g tSfod lalkèkukas dh fLFkjrk dk ewY;kadu ,oa fuxjkuh
djus esa enn dj ldrk gSA bl losZ{k.k ds rgr 16 izdkj ds lewgkas ds chp lHkh jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kkas eas iSQys
8,500 mi&Hkw[kaMksa ls tSo&fofoèkrk MkVk ,d=k fd;s x, gSaA ns'k esa lHkh mi&Hkw[kaMkas ls mudh rLohjksa ds lkFk 2300
tM+h vkS"kfèk iztkfr;kas vkSj 3,111 >kM+h iztkfr;kas dh tkudkjh ,d=k dh xbZ gSA lHkh vkS"kfèk vkSj >kM+h iztkfr;kas ds
fMftVy gcsZfj;e rS;kj fd;s x, gSaA
dasæ'kkflr izns'k@jkT;okj o`{k] >kM+h ,oa vkS"kfèk;ksa dh iztkfr;kas dh la[;k
o`{k
>kM+h iztkfr;ksa vkS"kèkh iztkfr;ksa ikB~; iztkfr;kas dh
jkT; iztkfr;ksa dh
dh la[;k dh la[;k dqy la[;k
la[;k
vkaèkz izns'k 242 64 58 364
v#.kkpy izns'k 110 435 192 737
vle 143 149 153 445
fcgkj 113 42 52 207
NÙkhlx<+ 129 48 50 227
fnYyh 16 11 36 63
xksok 118 50 38 206
xqtjkr 102 37 73 212
gfj;k.kk 45 43 50 138
fgekpy izns'k 116 99 109 324
tEew vkSj d'ehj 73 133 272 478
>kj[kaM 111 26 40 177

12
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dukZVd 325 140 40 505
dsjy 238 158 81 477
eè; izns'k 146 79 72 297
egkjk"Vª 170 135 54 359
ef.kiqj 43 89 56 188
es?kky; 93 176 42 311
fe”kksje 87 96 56 239
uxkySaM 56 137 113 306
vksfM'kk 192 90 105 387
iatkc 50 31 37 118
jktLFkku 65 30 8 103
flfDde 59 35 29 123
rfeyukMq 252 313 87 652
rsyaxkuk 167 67 33 267
f=kiqjk 89 37 22 148
mÙkj izns'k 84 71 86 241
mÙkjk[kaM 112 73 94 279
if'pe caxky 113 103 65 281
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg 89 102 79 270
paMhx<+ 21 4 7 32
nknjk ,oa ukxj gosyh 25 8 11 44
dqy 3,794 3,111 2,300 9,205
*y{k}hi] ;ue vkSj ekgs (iqnqPpsjh ds Hkkx) dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa dksbZ Hkh vk¡dM+k ugha fy;k x;k gSA
vè;k;&7
^[kfut ,oa ÅtkZ lalk/ku * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
[kfut lalkèku (Mineral Resources)

jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr] 2019
dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr] 2019 (National Mineral Policy 2019) dks eatwjh ns nh gSA
mn~ns';
jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr] 2019 dk mn~ns'; vfèkd çHkkoh] lkFkZd vkSj dk;kZUo;u ;ksX; uhfr;k¡ rS;kj djuk gS tks LFkk;h
•uu çFkkvksa ds lkFk gh ikjnf'kZrk] csgrj fofu;eu ,oa çorZu] larqfyr lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok
nsrh gSA
13
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ykHk
zzubZ jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr vfèkd çHkkoh fofu;eu lqfuf'pr djsxhA
zz;g ifj;kstuk çHkkfor O;fÙkQ;ksa fo'ks"k :i ls vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa jgus okys yksxksa ds eqn~nksa dk lekèkku djus ds lkFk
gh Hkfo"; esa lrr~ •uu {ks=k ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsxhA
•uu {ks=k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr 2019 esa 'kkfey çkoèkku
zzRP/PL èkkjdksa ds fy;s igys budkj djus ds vfèkdkj (Right of First Refusal) dks ykxw djukA
zzfuth {ks=kksa dks vUos"k.k ds fy;s çksRlkfgr djukA
zzjktLo 'ks;j vkèkkj ij lexz RP (Reconnaissance Permit) lg PL (Prospecting License) lg ML (Mining
Lease) ds fy;s u, {ks=kksa esa uhykehA
zz•uu laLFkkvksa ds foy; vkSj vfèkxzg.k dks çksRlkguA
zzfuth {ks=k ds •uu {ks=kksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s •uu iêðksa dk gLrkarj.k vkSj lefiZr •fut xfy;kjksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzjk"Vªh; •fut uhfr] 2019 esa futh {ks=kksa esa •uu ds foÙkiks"k.k dks c<+kok nsus vkSj futh {ks=kksa }kjk vU; ns'kksa esa
•fut laifÙk ds vfèkxzg.k ds fy;s •uu xfrfofèk;ksa dks m|ksx dk ntkZ nsus dk çLrko fd;k x;k gSA
zzblesa ;g Hkh mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd •fut ds fy;s nh?kZdkfyd vk;kr uhfr ls futh {ks=k dks O;kikj gsrq csgrj
;kstuk rS;kj djus vkSj O;kikj esa fLFkjrk ykus esa enn feysxhA
zzuhfr esa lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeksa dks fn;s x, vkjf{kr {ks=kksa ftudk mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gS] dks ;qfÙkQlaxr cukus
vkSj bu {ks=kksa dks uhykeh gsrq j•s tkus dk Hkh mYys• fd;k x;k gS] ftlls futh {ks=k dks Hkkxhnkjh ds vfèkd
volj çkIr gksaxsA
zzbl uhfr esa futh {ks=k dh lgk;rk djus ds fy;s oSf'od ekunaM ds lkFk dj] çHkkj vkSj jktLo ds chp lkeatL;
cukus ds ç;klksa dk Hkh mYys• fd;k x;k gSA
vU; egÙoiw.kZ fcanq
zzjk"Vªh; •fut uhfr] 2019 ds rgr 'kq: fd;s tkus okys cnykoksa esa êsd bu bafM;k* igy vkSj ySafxd laosnu'khyrk
(Gender sensitivity) ij è;ku nsuk 'kkfey gSA
zz
•futksa esa fofu;eu ds fy;s bZ&xouZsal] lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh (IT) l{ke ç.kkyh] tkx:drk vkSj lwpuk vfHk;ku 'kkfey
fd;s x, gSaA
zzNMP 2019 dk mn~ns'; çksRlkgu ds ekè;e ls futh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djuk gS tcfd •fut lalkèkuksa ds MsVkcsl
cuk, j•us ds fy;s ç;kl fd;s tk,axsA
zzubZ uhfr] •futksa dh fudklh vkSj ifjogu ds fy;s rVh; tyekxks± ,oa varnZs'kh; f'kfiax ds mi;ksx ij è;ku dsafær
djrh gSA lkFk gh •futksa ds ifjogu dks lqfoèkktud cukus ds fy;s lefiZr •fut xfy;kjksa dks çksRlkfgr djus
dk Hkh çLrko djrh gSA
zzifj;kstuk çHkkfor O;fÙkQ;ksa vkSj {ks=kksa ds leku fodkl ds fy;s ftyk •fut fufèk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
zz2019 uhfr ih<+hxr lekurk (Inter–Generational Equity) dh voèkkj.kk dks Hkh çLrqr djrh gS tks u dsoy
orZeku ih<+h dh HkykbZ ds fy;s dke djrh gS cfYd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa gsrq (•uu {ks=k esa lrr~ fodkl lqfuf'pr
djus ds fy;s) ra=k dks laLFkkxr cukus ds fy;s ,d varj&ea=kky;h fudk; dk xBu djus dk Hkh çLrko djrh gSA
i`"BHkwfe
zzjk"Vªh; •fut uhfr 2019] ekStwnk jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr 2008 (NMP 2008) dk LFkku ysrh gS ftls o"kZ 2008 esa
?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzNMP 2008 dh leh{kk djus dh çsj.kk lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk lkekU; dkj.k cuke Hkkjr la?k vkSj vU; ds ekeys
esa ,d funZs'k ds ckn vkbZA
zz'kh"kZ U;k;ky; ds funZs'kksa ds vuqikyu esa] •ku ea=kky; us NMP 2008 dh leh{kk djus ds fy;s •ku ea=kky; ds
vij lfpo MkW- ds- jkts'oj jko dh vè;{krk esa 14 vxLr] 2017 dks ,d lfefr xfBr dh FkhA
zzlfefr dh cSBdksa vkSj fgrèkkjdksa dh fVIif.k;ksa@lq>koksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn] lfefr us fjiksVZ rS;kj dj •ku
ea=kky; dks çLrqr dhA •ku ea=kky; us lfefr dh fjiksVZ dks Lohdkj dj iwoZ foèkk;h ijke'kZ uhfr (Pre–legislative
Consultation Policy–PLCP) çfØ;k ds fgLls ds :i esa fgrèkkjdksa dh fVIif.k;ksa@lq>koksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;kA PLCP
çfØ;k esa çkIr fVIif.k;ksa@lq>koksa vkSj dsaæh; ea=kky;ksa@foHkkxksa dh fVIif.k;ksa@lq>koksa ds vkèkkj ij jk"Vªh; •fut uhfr
2019 dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA
Hkkjr ds izeq[k ijek.koh; [kfut
[kfut fo'ks"krk,¡
zz;sèkkjokM+ ,oa vkfoZQ;u Js.kh dh pV~Vkuksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA
zz;s eksukstkbV] fiXesVkbV ,oa psjkykbV pV~Vkuksa esa foLr`r :i ls miyCèk gksrk gSA
zzeksukstkbV ckyw ;wjsfu;e ds lcls cMs+ lzksr gSaA
;wjsfu;e zz;wjsfu;e ds izeq[k v;Ld gSaµ fipCysaM ,oa Fkksfj;kukbVA

zz>kj[kaM dk tknwxksM+k {ks=k ;wjsfu;e ds fy;s izfl¼ gS tks flagHkwe f”kys esa fLFkr gSA
zzjktLFkku] es?kky;] vkaèkz izns'k ,oa dsjy esa Hkh ;wjsfu;e ik;k tkrk gSA
zzorZeku esa vkaèkz izns'k ds rqekykiYyh ,oa es?kky; ds dykax esa ;wjsfu;e dk HkaMkj izkIr gqvk gSA
zzFkksfj;eeksukstkbV v;Ld ls izkIr gksrk gSA Hkkjr fo'o dk lokZfèkd Fkksfj;e mRiknu djus okyk ns'k gSA
zzFkksfj;e eq[;r% izh&dSafcz;u dky dh pV~Vkuksa ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
zzHkkjr esa Fkksfj;e eq[;r% dsjy ds rVorhZ {ks=k esa ik;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ eksukstkbV dk fo'kky HkaMkj
Fkksfj;e miyCèk gSA
zzdsjy ds vfrfjDr rfeyukMq (uhyfxfj)] >kj[kaM (gtkjhckx)] jktLFkku (mn;iqj) esa Hkh Fkksfj;e ik;k
tkrk gSA
zz;g eq[;r% vkXus; pV~Vkuksa ds csfjy uked [kfut ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
csfjfy;e zz;g jktLFkku] >kj[kaM] vkaèkz izns'k rFkk rfeyukMq esa ik;k tkrk gSA
zz;gfLVcukbV uked [kfut ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA bls lqjek Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
,aVheuh zz,aVheuh ds izeq[k mRiknu djus okys jkT; gSaµ fgekpy izns'k (dk¡xM+k)] eè; izns'k (tcyiqj)A
zzbl [kfut dk mi;ksx vkHkw"k.kksa] VwFkisLV dh V~;wc] canwd dh xksyh ,oa fo|qr rkj esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zz;g
ftjdksfu;e v;Ld ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
ftjdku zzftjdksfu;e
v;Ld dk HkaMkj dsjy dh ckyw feV~Vh okys {ks=k esa fLFkr gSA
zzblds izeq[k mRiknd dsjy] rfeyukMq ,oa vksfM'kk vkfn jkT; gSaA
zz;g eq[;r% dU;koqQekjh ls ysdj ueZnk unh dh ,'pqvjh rd ,oa egkunh ds rV ls fr#usyosyh ds
bYesukbV iwohZ rV dh ckyw okyh feV~Vh esa ik;k tkrk gSA
zzdsjy esa bldk lokZfèkd HkaMkj gSA

15
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izèkkuea=kh [kfut {ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk (PMKKKY)
flarcj 2015 esa izèkkuea=kh [kfut {ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk ds varxZr [kuu izHkkfor yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks
lqèkkjus dk y{; j[kk x;k gS] ftlds rgr lHkh jkT; ljdkjksa dks funsZ'k fn;k x;k gS fd tuin [kfut
iQkmaMs'ku dh fufèk dks csgrj <ax ls [kpZ fd;k tk,A
fodkl] lkekftd vkSj vk£Fkd fLFkfr rFkk nh?kZdkfyd laHkkoukvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, izèkkuea=kh [kfut
{ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk ds rhu y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaµ

1. [kuu {ks=k ls izHkkfor yksxksa ds fy;s nh?kZdkyhu] fVdkÅ vkthfodk lqfuf'pr djukA
2. [ kuu izHkkfor {ks=kksa esa fofHkUu fodklkRed vkSj dY;k.kdkjh ifj;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa dk dk;kZUo;u tks jkT;
,oa dsaæ ljdkj ds ekStwnk ;kstukvksa@ifj;kstukvksa ds vuq:i gksA
3. i;kZoj.k] LokLF; ,oa [kuu esa yxs yksxksa dh lkekftd& vk£Fkd fLFkfr ij iM+us okys nq"izHkkoksa dks de
djukA
ÅtkZ lalkèku (Energy Resources)

fo|qr (Electricity)
zzfo|qr iznw"k.k jfgr ÅtkZ dk ,d lzksr gSA
zzfo|qr dk mRIkknu ty] dks;yk] [kfut rsy] izkÑfrd xSl rFkk ijek.kq ÅtkZ ls fd;k tkrk gSA
zzgky ds o"kks± esa Hkkjr esa fo|qr mRiknu gsrq Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ] lkSj ÅtkZ] iou ÅtkZ] Tokjh; ÅtkZ] rjax ÅtkZ vkfn
ds iz;ksx ds fy;s iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA
zzHkkjr esa fiQygky fo|qr cksMks± ds lkFk foÙkh; #X.krk ns[kh tkrh gS] ftldh dbZ otgsa gks ldrh gSa] tSls&
Ñf"k ,oa ?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dks mRiknu&ykxr ls de ij fctyh dk foØ;A
izlkj.k ,oa laforj.k ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡A
jkT; fo|qr cksMks± ds fy;s okf.kfT;d Lok;Ùkrk esa dehA
jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk jkT; fo|qr cksMks± ds ekè;e ls lkekftd ifjnku uhfr;ksa dks fØ;kfUor djukA
3.98%
3.57%
2018-19

16
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dqy laLFkkfir {kerk (30-11-2019) Lkzksr% dsanzh; fo|qr izkfèkdj.k (lhbZ,)
{ks=k esxkokV izfr'kr
dsanzh; {ks=k 92,797 25.2
jkT; {ks=k 103,815 28.4
futh {ks=k 170,668 46.6
dqy 367,281
b±èku esxkokV izfr'kr
FkeZy 2,30,701 62.8
dks;yk 198,495 54.3
fyXukbV 6,260 1.8
xSl 24,937 6.9
rsy 510 0.2
gkbMªks (uohdj.kh;) 45,399 12.5
U;wDyh;j 6,780 1.9
vkjbZ,l* (,e,uvkjbZ) 84,400 23.1
dqy 3,67,281
30.11.2019 dks vkj,l (,e,uvkjbZ) ds lacaèk esa LFkkfir {kerk
ty fo|qr
mQtkZ ds lHkh :iksa esa fo|qr 'kfDr lcls O;kid vkSj lgt gSA bldh ek¡x ns'k ds m|ksx] ifjogu] Ñf"k ,oa ?kjsyw
{ks=kksa esa rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA fo|qr 'kfDr ds vusd fof'k"V xq.k gSA blfy;s bldh ekax Hkh vfèkd gSA
Hkkjr esa ty fo|qr 'kfDr dk fodkl 1897 esa nktZfyax esa fo|qr vkiwfrZ ds lkFk izkjaHk gqvkA ckn esa dukZVu esa
f'ko leqanze eas ty fo|qr 'kfDr x`g dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1947 rd ns'k esa ty fo|qr 'kfDr dk fo'ks"k fodkl ugha
gqvk] ijarq iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku rsth ls fo|qr dk fodkl gqvkA blds fy;s ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa ty fo|qr
;kstukvksa esa Hkkjh iw¡th dk fuos'k fd;k x;kA
ns'k esa lu~ 2010 esa fo|qr mRiknu 163.6 g”kkj esxkokV FkkA fo|qr ds fodkl ds fy;s dsanzh; fo|qr izkfèkdj.k
dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1975 esa ty fo|qr ds fodkl ds fy;s jk"Vªh; ty fo|qr 'kfDr fuxe dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA orZeku
esa 18 jkT;ksa esa jkT; fo|qr cksMZ LFkkfir gSA
ty fo|qr mRiknu {ks=k (2013&14)
jkT; izeq[k ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk,¡
vkaèkz izns'k&rsyaxkuk ukxktqZu] flys:] Jh'kSye] epdqaM] rqaxHkznk] futke lkxj
dukZVd 'kjkroh] dkyh unh] tksx] fyaxu eDdh] f'koleqnze] Hknzk] equhjkckn] f'kEekiqjkA
egkjk"Vª dks;uk] VkVk] oSrj.khA
iatkc nsgj] Hkk[kM+k] ik¡x] eaxoky] dksVyk] lukeA

17
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rfeyukMq ikikuk'ke] ljdjikBh] lq:fy;kj] eks;kj] vfy;kj] ikbdkjk] 'kksfy;kj] dksfM;kj] isfj;kj]
eSVwj dq.MkA
vksfM'kk ghjkdqaM] ckyhesykA
dsjy bnqdh] lojhfxjh] dqfr;kMh] 'kSykokj] lsxqye] ufj;k] eaxye] iYyh okly] ikfu;kj]
ijfUcdqyuA
eè; izns'k xkaèkh lkxj] ueZnk lkxjA
fgekpy izns'k csjk flmQy] fxjhckjk] jkeiqj] yqgjh] [kkc] cLlh] pesjk] nsojA
iwoksZÙkj jkT; mfe;kt (vlkse)] dnZudqykbZ (es?kky;)] fupyk ykX;ki (flfDde)] yksdVy
(ef.kiqj) nks;kax (uxkySaM)] jkaxkunh (v:.kkpy izns'k)A
vU; jkT; jktLFkku] fcgkj] >kj[kaM] tEew&d'ehj] mÙkj izns'kA
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ (Renewable Energy)

zzuohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksr ,sls ÅtkZ lzksr gSa] ftudk mi;ksx djus ls muds de gksus ;k lekIr gkssus dh laHkkouk ugha
gksrh gSA
zzuohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ds izeq[k mnkgj.k gSa& lkSj ÅtkZ] iou ÅtkZ] Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ bR;kfnA
zzfnlacj 2017 rd Hkkjr esa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa dh oqQy LFkkfir {kerk yxHkx 62.84 GW gSA ;g dqy laLFkkfir
{kerk dk 18% gSA buesa lokZfèkd ;ksxnku iou ÅtkZ (yxHkx 32 GW) dk gSA blds i'pkr~ Øe'k% lkSj ÅtkZ
(yxHkx 17 GW)] ck;ksekl (yxHkx 8 GW) vkSj y?kq iufctyh (yxHkx 4.5 GW) dk LFkku gSA
zzHkkjr iou ,oa lkSj ÅtkZ dh LFkkfir {kerk ds ekeys eas fo'o Lrj ij Øe'k% pkSFks vkSj NBs LFkku ij gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2022 ds var rd uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ls oqQy 175 GW fo|qr mRiknu dk y{; j[kk gSA budk
{ks=kokj fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gS&
lkSj ÅtkZ & 1000 GW ck;ksekl ÅtkZ & 10 GW
iou ÅtkZ & 60 GW y?kqiu ÅtkZ & 5 GW
zzlkekU; vFkks± esa lw;Z ls izkIr gksus okyh fofdj.k mQtkZ dks gh ^lkSj mQtkZ* dgrs gSaA Hkkjr esa o"kZ ds vfèkdre fnu
(yxHkx 300 fnu) lw;Z dk izdk'k izkIr gksrk gSA Hkkjr dh èkjrh dks çfrfnu vkSlru 4–7 fdyksokV ?kaVk@ehVj2 lkSj
ÅtkZ dh çkfIr gksrh gSA
zzorZeku esa nks rduhdh ekè;eksa dh lgk;rk ls lkSj mQtkZ dks mi;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSµ
lkSj rkih; rduhd (Solar Thermal Technique): bl rduhd dh lgk;rk ls lkSj mQtkZ dks laxzkgdksa
vkSj fjlhojksa dh lgk;rk ls rki mQtkZ esa cnyk tkrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx ikuh xeZ djus] Hkkstu idkus] ikuh
dks yo.keqDr djus] fo|qr mRiknu gsrq ok"i mRiUu djus vkfn ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd rduhd (Solar Photovoltaic Technique): bl rduhd dh lgk;rk ls fcuk Vjckbu
vkfn ds lkSj fofdj.k dks lhèks fo|qr mQtkZ esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx ikuh dks iai djus rFkk
lM+dksa] nwj&njk”k ds {ks=kksa] edkuksa rFkk O;kolkf;d mn~ns';ksa ds fy;s izdk'k ,oa vU; :iksa esa djrs gSaA
zzmÙkj izns'k dk jkeiqjk xk¡o (>k¡lh) viuk ^lkSj ÅtkZ IykaV* yxkus okyk Hkkjr dk izFke xk¡o gSA
zzns'k esa fnukad 31.12.2016 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj jkT;okj LFkkfir lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu esa Øe'k% rfeyukMq] jktLFkku]
xqtjkr] vkaèkz izns'k rFkk rsyaxkuk dk LFkku gSA
18
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ykHk
zz;g dHkh u lekIr gksus okyk ,d uohdj.kh; mQtkZ lalkèku gSA
zzmi;ksx gsrq loZ=k vklkuh ls miyCèk jgrk gSA
zziznw"k.k ux.; ek=kk esa iSQyrk gSA vr% ;g okrkoj.k ds fy;s Hkh ykHkdkjh gSA
leL;k,¡@lhek,¡
zz[kjkc ekSle rFkk jkr ds le; bldk
uksV % Hkkjr ds xqtjkr esa fLFkr ^pjadk lkSj ikoZQ* vesfjdk ds ckn
mi;ksx@nksgu ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA nqfu;k dk nwljk lcls cM+k iQksVksoksfYVd ikoj LVs'ku gSA
zzlkSj mQtkZ mRiknu iz.kkyh dks LFkkfir
zzlkSj rkykc ifj;kstuk ^Hkqt* (xqtjkr) esa 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
djuk vfèkd [kphZyk dk;Z gSA zzgfj;k.kk ds ^XokyigkM+h* esa Hkkjr ,oa izQk¡l ds lg;ksx ls ^lkSj
zzlkSj midj.k vkdkj esa cM+s gksrs gSaA vr%
mQtkZ vuqlaèkku dsanz* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS rFkk jktLFkku ds
bUgsa LFkkfir djus ds fy;s cM+s Hkw&Hkkx dh tksèkiqj f”kys esa ,d ^lkSj rki mQtkZ dsanz* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
vko';drk iM+rh gS vkSj ,d ckj midj.kksa
zzjk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ fe'ku ds varxZr 2022 rd lkSj ÅtkZ ls 100
ds yxus ds ckn ml Hkwfe dk mi;ksx
xhxkokV fo|qr mRiknu dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
yacs le; rd ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ck;ksekl ÅtkZ
zzck;ksekl ÅtkZ] ÅtkZ ladV dks nwj djus esa lokZfèkd Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA ;g ,d LoPN ,oa lLrk ÅtkZ lzksr gSA
zztSfod mRiknksa] tSlsµ Ñf"k vo'ks"k (èkku dh Hkwlh] xUus dh [kksbZ] iQlyksa ds vo'ks"k bR;kfn)] izkÑfrd ouLifr]
tSls&tVªksiQk] djdkl] djkatk ,oa 'kgjh owQMs+&dpjs o vif'k"V inkFkks± ls izkIr mQtkZ dks ^tSo mQtkZ* dgrs gSaA
zztVªksiQk (jrutksr) dh lgk;rk ls ck;ksMh”ky dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA ns'k dk igyk ck;ksMh”ky la;a=k vkaèkz izns'k
ds ^dkdhukMk* esa yxk;k x;k gSA
zziatkc ds ^ty[ksjh* esa èkku dh Hkwlh ls fo|qr mRiUu djus okys la;a=k dks yxk;k x;k gSA
zz'kgjh dpjs ls fctyh mRiUu djus ds fy;s fnYyh ds vks[kyk ,oa frekjiqj esa laa;a=k yxk, x, gSaA
zztkuojksa ds ey&ew=k ,oa Ñf"k vif'k"V dh lgk;rk ls ck;ksxSl dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA
zzf}rh; Js.kh dk tSo ÅtkZ la;a=k iatkc ds HkfVaMk esa yxk;k x;k gSA
zztSo ÅtkZ mRiknu esa Hkkjr ds vxz.kh jkT; Øe'k% egkjk"Vª] mÙkj çns'k] dukZVd] rfeyukMq] vkaèkz çns'k] i- caxky
rFkk NÙkhlx<+ gSaA (lzksr % uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj)
zzck;ksekl ls bFksukWy vkSj esFksukWy tSls rjy b±èku Hkh curs gSa] ftuls okgu pyk, tkrs gSaA
zzck;ksekl ÅtkZ ds laxzg.k ,oa HkaMkj.k dks ysdj gksus okyh fnDdrksa ds dkj.k ;g ÅtkZ dk O;kolkf;d lzksr ugha
gSA blds mfpr laxzg.k ,oa ikjs"k.k dh mUur rduhd ds bLrseky gsrq dk;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
iou ÅtkZ (Wind energy)
zziou ÅtkZ dh LFkkfir {kerk dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr fo'o esa pkSFkk ,oa ,f'k;k esa nwljs LFkku ij gSA Hkkjr ls igys
Øe'k% phu] vesfjdk rFkk teZuh dk LFkku gSA
zzHkkjr esa iou ÅtkZ dk fodkl o"kZ 1990 ds n'kd ls izkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zziou mQtkZ ds fy;s jk"Vªh; laLFkku 1998 esa psUubZ esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
zziou pfDd;ksa dh lgk;rk ls izokfgr ok;q ds nksgu }kjk mRiUu dh xbZ mQtkZ dks îou mQtkZ* dgrs gSaA
zziou mQtkZ ds mRiknu ds fy;s iou pfDd;ksa dks lkekU;r% mu LFkkuksa ij yxk;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ iousa fcuk fdlh
ckèkk (vojksèk) ds rs”k xfr ls cgrh jgrh gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] dukZVd] rfeyukMq] vksfM'kk]
jktLFkku vkfn jkT;ksa ds rVh; ,oa eSnkuh {ks=k iou mQtkZ ds mRiknu ds fy;s egÙoiw.kZ gSaA
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zzxqtjkr ds dPN {ks=k esa 1100 esxkokV dh iou ÅtkZ bdkbZ LFkkfir dh tk jgh gSA ;g ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h
iou ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; iou ÅtkZ laLFkku (NIWE) psUubZ esa fLFkr gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o esa phu] vesfjdk vkSj teZuh ds ckn pkSFkk lcls cM+k iou ÅtkZ mRiknd ns'k gSA
zzHkkjr esa jkT;okj lokZfèkd iou ÅtkZ mRiknu esa Øe'k% rfeyukMq] egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] jktLFkku] dukZVd] eè; çns'k
rFkk vkaèkz çns'k dk LFkku gSA
ykHk
zz;g dHkh u lekIr gksus okyh ,d uohdj.kh; mQtkZ gSA
zzi;kZoj.k dh n`f"V ls ;g ,d lkiQ&lqFkjh mQtkZ gSA
zz,d ckj LFkkfir djus ds ckn la;a=kksa ds j[k&j[kko esa vfèkd [kpZ ugha vkrk gSA
leL;k,¡
zzok;q dh xfr gj le; ,d leku ugha gksus ls fctyh mRiknu dh {kerk çHkkfor gksrh gSA gok dk cgko vfèkd
gks] blds fy;s [kqys eSnkuksa] leqnzh fdukjksa ;k Å¡ps LFkkuksa dh ”k:jr gksrh gSA
zziou pfDd;ksa ds ?kweus ls ^'kksj* mRiUu gksrk gS] ftlls èofu iznw"k.k gksrk gSA
zziou pfDd;ksa ls Vdjkdj oqQN if{k;ksa dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA
leqæ rkih; ÅtkZ :ikarj.k (OTEC)

zzleqæh lrg ds ty o xgjkbZ ds ty ds rkiekuksa ds eè; fHkUurk dk mi;ksx OTEC ds ekè;e ls ÅtkZ izkfIr
esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zz;g csgn uohu vFkkZr~ xSj&ijaijkxr ,oa ÅtkZ izkfIr dk uohdj.kh; lkèku gSA blls i;kZoj.kh; gkfu dh laHkkouk
Hkh u ds cjkcj gSA
zzyach rVjs[kk] o`gn~ [kqys egklkxjh; {ks=k ,oa m".kdfVcaèkh; ns'k gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds ikl bl ÅtkZ ds nksgu
dh csgrj laHkkouk gSA
zzy{k}hi ds dokjÙkh esa ty ds foyo.khdj.k ds lanHkZ eas bldk liQyrkiwoZd iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
Tokjh; ÅtkZ (Tidal energy)

zzleqnz esa mBus okys Tokj&HkkVk dh lgk;rk ls rVh; {ks=kksa esa fo|qr mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA
zzTokjh; mQtkZ Hkh dHkh u lekIr gksus okyh ,d uohdj.kh; mQtkZ gS rFkk i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh lalkèku gSA
zzHkkjr esa rV js[kkvksa dh yackbZ vfèkd gS] ysfdu Tokjh; mQtkZ ds mRiknu dh laHkkouk,¡ vis{kkÑr de gSaA Hkkjr esa
[kaHkkr dh [kkM+h] dPN dh [kkM+h ,oa gqxyh ds Tokjuneq[kh {ks=kksa esa gh Tokjh; mQtkZ dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
leL;k,¡
zzHkkjr esa ÅtkZ lzksr ds rkSj ij Tokj fØdksa dh de la[;k dk gksukA
zzbls csgn m¡Qph Tokj Js.kh dh vko';drk gksrh gS (5 ehVj ls Å¡ph) ftldh Hkkjr ds rVh; {ks=kksa esa deh gSA
zzmPp {kerk ds {ks=k lqnwjorhZ {ks=kksa esa gksrs gSa rFkk mQtkZ dk ikjs"k.k csgn [kphZyk gksrk gSA
zzpkSM+s eq¡g okyh [kkM+h ;k Tokjuneq[k ckaèk fuekZ.k dk;Z dks csgn [kphZyk cuk nsrk gSA

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Hkwrkih; ÅtkZ (Geothermal energy)
zzHkwrkih; mQtkZ ls rkRi;Z i`Foh ds vanj lax`ghr rkih; mQtkZ ls Hkkjr esa Hkwrkih; ÅtkZ lacaèkh {ks=k
gS] tks i`Foh dh vkarfjd ijrksa esa jsfM;ksèkehZ rÙoksa ds fo?kVu o zztEew&d'ehj % iqxk ?kkVh (yn~nk[k)
pV~Vkuh laLrjksa ds ncko ls mRiUu gksrh gS rFkk Tokykeq[kh] m".k zzfgekpy izns'k % ef.kdj.k] Tokykeq[kh
tylzksr vkfn ds :i esa i`Foh dh lrg ij fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA zzmÙkjk[kaM % riksou
zzrduhd dk mi;ksx dj HkwxHkhZ; rki ,oa ty dh vfHkfØ;k ls zz>kj[kaM % lwjtoqQaM (g”kkjhckx)
xeZ ok"i mRiUu djds vktdy fo|qr mQtkZ dk mRiknu fd;k zzNÙkhlx<+ % rkrkikuh (cyjkeiqj)
tk jgk gSA
zzvksfM'kk % rIrikuh
zz;g ,d i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh mQtkZ lalkèku gS] ysfdu blds nksgu esa
zzeè; izns'k % vugksuh
lLrh rduhdh dh deh ,oa la;a=k dks LFkkfir djus esa vfèkd
èku O;; gksus ds dkj.k ,oa fo'ks"k {ks=kksa dh igpku okys LFkkuksa zzif'peh rV % egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr
ij yxkus ds dkj.k gh bldk fo'oO;kih fodkl vfèkd ugha zzueZnk ,oa lksu ?kkVh ds {ks=k
gks ik;k gSA zznkeksnj ?kkVh ds {ks=k
zzHkkjr esa Hkwrkih; ÅtkZ dh {kerk lhfer gSA
zzHkkjr esa bldh {kerk yxHkx 600 esxkokV ekuh tkrh gSA
zzHkkjr esa yxHkx 113 m".k ty lzksr rFkk yxHkx 340 ,sls LFkku gSa]tgk¡ Hkwrkih; ÅtkZ mRiUu dh tk ldrh gSA
zzHkwrkih; ÅtkZ ds eq[; lzksr gSa&
xeZ pV~Vkusa
fefJr eaMy (Transition Zone)
vèkksHkkSfed xeZ ty
zzfgekpy izns'k ds ef.kd.kZ ,oa vkaèkz izns'k ds [kEee uked LFkku ij ,d&,d Hkwrkih; la;a=k LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzvkaèkz izns'k ds [kEee esa Hkkjr dk igyk Hkwrkih; fo|qr la;a=k 2012 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
vè;k;&10
^Hkkjr ds ifjogu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
lM+d ifjogu (Road Transport)

jk"Vªh; jktekxZ (National Highway)
zzHkkjr esa jk"Vªh; jktekxks±@,Dlizsl ekxZ dh dqy yackbZ 132500 fdeh- gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ] dqy lM+d ekxZ dk ek=k 2.06% gSA fdarq 40% ;krk;kr bUgha jk"Vªh; jktekxks± ls gksdj laiUu gksrk
gSA buds fuekZ.k o ejEer dh ftEesnkjh dsanz ljdkj dh gksrh gSA
zzorZeku esa jk"Vªh; jktekxZ&44 Hkkjr dk lcls yack jktekxZ gS] tks Jhuxj (tEew ,oa d'ehj) ls izkjaHk gksdj dU;kdqekjh
(rfeyukMq) esa lekIr gksrk gSA
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ@,Dlizsl ekxZ 1,32,500 fdeh-
jkT;h; jktekxZ 1,56,694 fdeh-
vU; lM+dsa 56,08,477 fdeh-
dqy 58,97,671 fdeh-
lzksr% lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ ea=kky; ok£"kd fjiksZV 2018&19
21
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
çeq[k jk"Vªh; jktekxZ
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ la- lacafèkr LFkku
NH-1 ubZ fnYyh ls vVkjh (baMks&ikd ckWMZj rd)
NH-1A tkyaèkj ls mjh rd
NH-1B ckVksV ls [kaHkkr rd (tEew&d'ehj esa)
NH-2 ubZ fnYyh ls dksydkrk rd
NH-3 vkxjk ls eqacbZ rd
NH-4 Fkk.ks (eqacbZ) ls psUubZ rd
NH-5 psUubZ ls >kjiks[kfj;k rd
NH-6 gthjk ls dksydkrk rd
NH-44 Jhuxj ls dU;koqQekjh rd (lokZfèkd yack] iwoZ NH-7)
NH-8 fnYyh ls eqacbZ rd
NH-8A ekaMoh canjxkg ls vgenkckn rd
NH-8B iksjcanj ls ckeucksj rd
NH-9 iq.ks ls eNyhiÙkue rd
NH-10 fnYyh ls iDdk fp'rh rd
NH-11 vkxjk ls chdkusj rd
NH-15 iBkudksV ls lek[;kyh rd
NH-17 iuosy (uoh eaqcbZ) ls dksfPp (dsjy) rd
NH-24 fnYyh ls y[kuÅ rd
NH-30 eksgfu;k ls cf[r;kjiqj rd (fcgkj)
NH-31 cjgh (>kj[kaM) ls xqokgkVh rd
NH-47 lsye ls dU;koqQekjh rd
NH-47A fo¯yxVu }hi (osQjy) ij (lcls NksVk)
NH-48 usykeaxyk (caxyw:) ls eaxyw: rd
NH-49 dksfPp ls èkuq"kdksMh rd
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk (NHDP)

zzjk"Vªh; jktekxks± ds fodkl ,oa j[k&j[kko dh f”kEesnkjh dsaæ ljdkj dh gSA
zzlHkh jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dk fodkl o j[k&j[kko dk dk;Z ifjogu ea=kky;] jkT;ksa ds yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx] Hkkjrh;
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ izkfèkdj.k o lhek lM+d laxBu ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
zzHkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ljdkj us O;kid jk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk (,u-,p-Mh-ih-) Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h jktekxZ ifj;kstuk gS] bl ifj;kstuk dk
fØ;kUo;u jk"Vªh; jktekxZ izkfèkdj.k }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk ds pj.k 1 o 2 esa o"kZ 2004 esa yxHkx 14000 fdeh- jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dks 4 ls 6
ysu cukus dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ FkhA
22
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbu nksuksa pj.kksa esa Lof.kZe prqHkqZt mÙkj&nf{k.k o iwoZ&if'pe jktekxZ] iÙku] laidZ lM+d dks tksM+uk 'kkfey gSA
zzbl Lof.kZe prqHkqZt esa fnYyh&eqacbZ&psUubZ&dksydkrk bR;kfn pkj egkuxjksa dks tksM+us okyh 5846 fdeh- yackbZ dh
lM+osaQ 'kkfey gSaA
zzmÙkj&nf{k.k o iwoZ&if'pe jktekxZ esa 7142 fdeh- yackbZ 'kkfey gS tks mÙkj Hkkjr esa Jhuxj (tEew o d'ehj)
dks] nf{k.k esa dU;kdqekjh dks] iwoZ esa flypj dks rFkk if'pe esa iksjcanj dks tksM+rh gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk esa iÙku&lM+d laidZ ifj;kstuk Hkh 'kkfey gS] ftlesa ns'k ds egkiÙkuksa dks tksM+us
ds fy;s 380 fdeh- yackbZ esa lM+dksa dk lqèkkj dk;Z 'kkfey gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk ds pj.k 3 esa 12109 fdeh- yacs jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dks pkj ysu djus dh ifj;kstuk gSA
zzpj.k 3 ifj;kstuk esa mPp {kerk okys dkWfjMksj 'kkfey gSa tks jktèkkfu;ksa] egÙoiw.kZ i;ZVu LFkyksa ds lkFk vkfFkZd
egÙo okys LFkyksa dks tksM+us okyh ih-ih-ih- (P.P.P.) vkèkkfjr ifj;kstuk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk (,u-,p-Mh-ih-) pj.k 4 ds rgr fcYM vkWijsV VªkaliQj (chvksVh) Vksy vkSj chvksVh
Vksy Úh ds foLrkj ds lkFk&lkFk 20 g”kkj fdeh- yach ,dy eè;e nks ysu okys jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dk vkèkqfudhdj.k
'kkfey gSA
zz,u-,p-Mh-ih- pj.k 5 ds varxZr 6500 fdeh- ds jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dks N% ysu cukus dh ifj;kstuk 'kkfey gSA
zz,u-,p-Mh-ih- pj.k 6 esa ,d g”kkj fdeh- yacs ,Dlizsl&os dh lajpuk bl ifj;kstuk esa 'kkfey gSA
zz,u-,p-Mh-ih- ds pj.k 7 ds varxZr Hkkjr ds izeq[k 'kgjksa esa fjax jksM dk fodkl fd;k tk,xkA bldh dqy yackbZ
700 fdeh- gksxhA bl ifj;kstuk esa fjax jksM vkSj ckbZikl ds vfrfjDr iqy] ,yhosVsM jksM] lqjax] ikjiFk bR;kfn dk
fuekZ.k Hkh fd;k tkuk gSA
lM+d usVodZ (Road Network)

lM+d {ks=k% jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dh dqy yackbZ 1,32,500 fdyksehVj gS tks ns'k ds èkeuh usVodZ ds :i esa dk;Z djrk
gSA jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dk fodkl Hkkjr ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us jk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk
(,u,pMhih) ds fofHkUu pj.kksa ds ekè;e ls jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dks mUur vkSj etcwr cukus ds fy;s cM+h igy dh gSA
fnukad 31.03.2019 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj fofHkUu dk;ZozQeksa dh fLFkfr bl izdkj gS&
01.01.2018 ls 31.03.2019
dqy yackbZ 31.03.2019 ds rd iwjh
pj.k 31.12.2017
fdeh- esa nkSjku iwjh dh dh xbZ
xbZ yackbZ yackbZ
Hkkjr ekyk ifj;kstuk (I + II + III + IV) 46,278 30,331 3,447 33,808
Lor-prqZ- iÙku laidZ ,oa 2/4/6 ysuksa esa
mUu;u@mÙkj nf{k.k&iwoZ&if'pe dkWfjMksj dk
fodkl
V 6,500 2,643 621 3,264
Lo-prqZ-] mPp ?kuRo dkWfjMksj
VI 1,000 0 176 176
,Dlizslos
VII 700 fdeh- fjax 24 91 115
fjax jksM] ckbZikl vkSj ÝykbZvksoj vkSj vU; jksM@ckbZikl +
lajpuk,¡ ÝykbZvksoj vkfnA
23
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
,l,vkjMhih&,ubZ 6,418 2,443 586 3,029
(pj.k d + v#.kkpy iSdst)
okeiaFkh mxzokn 6,014 4,519 760 5,279
(fot;okM+k jkaph ekxZ lfgr)
bZ,ih 1,985 757 261 1,018
(MCY;wch + tsvkbZlh, + ,Mhch)
xSj ,u,pMhih% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fnukad 01.01.2018 ls fnukad 31.03.2019 rd 8741 fdyksehVj yackbZ ds
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA fnukad 01.01.2018 ls 31.03.2019 rd 18385 fdeh- dh yackbZ dk dk;Z lkSaik x;kA
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ vkSj volajpuk fodkl fuxe fy- (,u,pvkbZMhlh,y)
eaf=keaMy us fnukad 13.03.2014 dks vk;ksftr viuh cSBd esa iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk lrr vkèkkj ij {ks=kh; lM+d
laidZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s] iM+kslh ns'kksa ds lkFk ns'k dh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek lk>k djus okys Hkkxksa esa jk"Vªh; jktekxks±
ds fuekZ.k@mUu;u@pkSM+hdj.k dk dk;Z vuU; :i ls fd;s tkus ds fy;s lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ ea=kky; ds varxZr
,d uohu dkjiksjsV laLFkk dks LFkkfir djus rFkk mls izpkyukRed cukus ds fy;s viuk vuqeksnu iznku fd;k FkkA
zz11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa mÙkj&iwoZ esa lM+dksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s u, dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ] ftlds varxZr
izLrkfor Vªkal v#.kkpy jktekxZ 'kkfey gSA
zzmÙkj&iwoZ esa E;k¡ekj o ckaXykns'k dks tksM+us okyh bl ;kstuk dk dk;Z iw.kZ gkssus ls lqnwjorhZ ,f'k;k ds lkFk ikjLifjd
ykHk gsrq vkfFkZd lg;ksx esa mÙkj&iwoZ dks lgk;rk feysxhA
zzekStwnk jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dk ,d cM+k Hkkx flaxy ysu lM+dksa ds :i esa gS ftldh yackbZ 20 g”kkj fdeh- gSA
zzjk"Vªh; jktekxZ usVodZ ds foLrkj ds dkj.k 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku yackbZ esa o`f¼ laHko gSA
zzlM+d ifjogu o jktekxZ ea=kky; fuekZ.k ds fy;s bathfu;fjax izksD;qjesaV dalVªD'ku (bZihlh) i¼fr dks viuk
jgk gSA
zzlM+d fodkl ds fy;s vko';d lalkèkuksa dks dsaæ o jkT; ds foHkkxksa }kjk LFkkukarfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
zzizèkkuea=kh xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuk }kjk xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dh ck”kkj ls csgrj dusfDVfoVh ds lkFk LokLF; o f'k{kk
lqfoèkkvksa rd vklkuh ls igq¡p lqfuf'pr gqbZ gSA
zzizèkkuea=kh xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuk dk izHkkoh <ax ls fØ;kUo;u vko';d gS] rkfd bl ;kstuk dk ykHk vkSj foLrkfjr
gksxk o lekosf'krk dks c<+kus esa enn feysxhA
gfjr jktekxZ uhfr] 2015 (Green Highways Policy, 2015)
gfjr jktekxZ (o`{kkjksi.k] çfrjksi.k] lkSan;hZdj.k ,oa j[k&j[kko) uhfr] 2015 dk 'kqHkkjaHk 29 flracj] 2015 dks
fd;k x;kA bl uhfr dk y{; leqnk;] fdlkuksa] futh {ks=k] xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa vkSj ljdkjh laLFkkuksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls
jktekxZ xfy;kjksa esa gfj;kyh dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
xzhu eiQyj
mn~ns'; xzhu eiQyj vfèkd vkcknh okys ;k èofu iznw"k.k
zzok;q iznw"k.k ,oa èkwy ds gkfudkjd izHkko dks de djukA
okys {ks=kksa] tSlsµ lM+dksa ds fdukjs] fjgk;'kh bykdksa
zzxehZ ds nkSjku lM+dksa ij Nk;k iznku djukA
esa fLFkr jktekxks± ds vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa esa 4–6
zzèofu iznw"k.k dks de djukA iafDr;ksa esa v'kksd ,oa uhe tSls ikSèkksa dk o`{kkjksi.k
zzrVcaèk] <ykuksa ij e`nk ds dVko dks de djukA dj èofu iznw"k.k de djus gsrq ,d ;qfDr gSA
zzLFkkuh; yksxksa ds fy;s jks”kxkj l`ftr djukA
uksV% blesa bljks dh ^Hkqou* vkSj ^xxu* mixzg ç.kkfy;ksa dh enn ls l'kDr fuxjkuh O;oLFkk dk çkoèkku gSA
24
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Hkkjrekyk ifj;kstuk
zz;g lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ ea=kky; ds varxZr ,d o`gn~ vaczsyk Ldhe gSA blds }kjk Hkkjr ds lhekorhZ jkT;ksa
dks tksM+us ds lkFk mUgsa rVh; jkT;ksa ,oa muds canjxkgksa ls tksM+k tk,xkA blds varxZr xSj&çeq[k iÙkuksa (Non–
major Ports) ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k tk,xkA
zzHkkjrekyk ifj;kstuk lM+d ifjogu ds {ks=k esa vc rd dh lcls cM+h ;kstuk gSA
lsrq Hkkjre~ ;kstuk

zzçèkkuea=kh Jh ujsanz eksnh us jsyos ØkWflax ij ckj&ckj gksus okyh nq?kZVukvksa vkSj tku&eky dh gkfu dks jksdus ds
fy;s 4 ekpZ] 2016 dks ubZ fnYyh esa ^lsrq Hkkjre~ ;kstuk* dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr o"kZ 2019 rd lHkh jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dks jsyos ØkWflax ls eqDr cukuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr 208 jsyos vksoj fczt ,oa vaMj fcztksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzblds vykok yxHkx 1,500 iqjkus ,oa [kjkc fLFkfr okys iqyksa dks pj.kc¼ rjhds ls lqn`<+ fd;k tk,xkA
zzeksckby baLisD'ku ;wfuVksa dh enn ls ns'k ds jk"Vªh; jktekxks± ij cus lHkh iqyksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dk losZ fd;k tk
jgk gSA blds fy;s lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ ea=kky; us mÙkj çns'k esa uks,Mk fLFkr ^bafM;u ,dsMeh vkWiQ gkbos
bathfu;lZ* esa ,d ^Hkkjrh; iqy çcaèku ç.kkyh* Hkh LFkkfir dh gSA
jsy ifjogu (Rail Transport)

zzHkkjrh; jsyos dh 'kq#vkr o"kZ 1853 esa dh xbZ] tc Hkki ds batu }kjk eqacbZ ls Fkk.ks ds eè; igyh jsy pykbZ xbZ
FkhA
zzorZeku esa Hkkjr esa jsyksa dk O;kid tky fcNk gqvk gSA
zzHkkjrh; jsy ds ikl 9213 jsy batu] 53220 ;k=kh xkfM+;k¡ 6493 vU; lokjh xkfM+;k¡ vkSj 219381 jsy fMCcs gSaA
zzjsyos us 160 o"kks± dh vofèk esa vlkèkkj.k izxfr dh gSA
zzHkkjrh; jsyos us ns'k ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj vkS|ksfxd fodkl esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
zzfnukad 1–4–2017 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj 30,012 :V fdyksehVj (vkjds,e) fo|qrhÑr fd;s x, gSa tks 66,687
:V fdeh- dh dqy usVodZ yackbZ dk 45% gSA
zzHkkjrh; jsyos ,d eYVh xst iz.kkyh gS] ftlesa czkWM xst (1.676 eh-)] ehVj xst (1.000 ehVj) vkSj uSjks xst (0.762
ehVj ;k 0.61 ehVj) 'kkfey gSaA
zzHkkjrh; jsy dh vk; ds nks eq[; [kaM gSa& eky HkkM+k vkSj ;k=kh HkkM+kA
zzeky HkkM+k [kaM yxHkx nks&frgkbZ jktLo tqVkrk gS tcfd 'ks"k ;k=kh HkkM+s ls vkrk gSA
zzeky HkkM+k [kaM ds Hkhrj Fkksd ;krk;kr dk ;ksxnku yxHkx 95% ls vfèkd dks;ys ls vkrk gSA
zzjsy ;krk;kr dks izfrLi¼hZ cukus ds i;kZIr iz;kl fd;s x, gSa] rkfd bls vkSj vfèkd vkd"kZd cuk;k tk ldsA
Hkkjr dk jsyos izcaèku % ”kksu

(Railway Management of India: Zone)
zziz'kklfud lqfoèkk ,oa jsyksa ds ifjogu dh lqfoèkk dh n`f"V ls Hkkjrh; jsy dks 17 ”kksuksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA
zzHkkjrh; jsy usVodZ dk fu;a=k.k blds 17 ”kksuy dk;kZy;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
25
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jsyos eaMy vkSj laHkkx (Railway Zones and Divisions)
jsyos eaMy dk uke eq[;ky; laHkkx
eè; jsyos eqacbZ eqca bZ] ukxiqj] Hkqlkoy] iq.ks] 'kksykiqj]
iwohZ jsyos dksydkrk gkoM+k, fl;kynkg] ekynk] vklulksy
iwoZ&eè; jsyos gkthiqj nkukiqj] eqxyljk;] èkuckn] lksuiqj] leLrhiqj
iwoZ&rVh; jsyos Hkqous'oj [kqnkZ jksM] okYVs;j] lacyiqj
mÙkjh jsyos cM+kns k gkml] ubZ fnYyh fnYyh&I, fnYyh&II, vackyk] eqjknkckn] y[kuÅ] fiQjks”kiqj
mÙkj&eè; jsyos bykgkckn (iz;kxjkt) iz;kxjkt] >k¡lh] vkxjk
mÙkj&iwohZ jsyos xksj[kiqj b””kruxj] y[kuÅ] okjk.klh]
mÙkj&izQafV;j jsyos ekfyxk¡o] xqokgkVh dfVgkj] vyhiqjnqvkj jafx;k] yqefMax] frulqfd;k
mÙkj&if'peh jsyos t;iqj t;iqj] tksèkiqj] chdkusj] vtesj
nf{k.kh jsyos psUubZ psUubZ] enqjS] iky?kkV] f=kosaæe] fr#fpjkiYyh] lsye
nf{k.k&eè; jsyos floaQnjkckn floaQnjkckn] gSnjkckn] xqardy] fot;okM+k] ukansM+
nf{k.k&iwohZ jsyos xkMZu jhp] dksydkrk [kM+xiqj] vkæk] pØèkjiqj] jk¡ph
nf{k.k&iwoZ eè; jsyos fcykliqj fcykliqj, ukxiqj] jk;iqj
nf{k.k&if'peh jsyos gqcyh caxyq:] eSlwj] gqcyh
if'peh jsyos eqacbZ lh-,l-Vh- eqca bZ lsVa y
ª jsyos] oM+kns jk] vgenkckn] jryke] jktdksV]
Hkkouxj
if'peh&eè; jsyos tcyiqj tcyiqj] Hkksiky] dksVk
dksydkrk esVªks jsyos dksydkrk —
uksV% jsy ea=kh ih;q"k xks;y us nf{k.k rV jsyos dks 18ok¡ jsyosa tksu cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA ftldk eq[;ky;
fo'kk[kkiV~Vue gksxkA
jsy ea=kky; ds vèkhu izeq[k uksMy izkfèkdj.k

zzjsy bafM;k VsfDudy ,aM bdksukWfed lfoZls”k fyfeVsM
zzbafM;u jsyos daLVªD'ku varjkZ"Vªh; fyfeVsM
zzdaVsuj dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM
zzbafM;u jsyos dsVfjax ,aM Vwfj”e dkWiksZjs'ku fyfeVsM
zzdksad.k jsyos dkiksZjs'ku fyfeVsM
zzjsyVsy dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM
zzjsy fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM
zzHkkjr oSxu ,aM bathfu;fjax daiuh fyfeVsM
zzcuZ LVSaMMZ daiuh fyfeVsM

26
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lseh&gkbZ LihM Vsªusa ,oa cqysV Vsªu (Semi-high Speed Trains and Bullet Train)
zzukS xfy;kjksa dks 160/200 fdeh- izfr ?kaVk dh v¼Z&mPp xfr okyh Vsªuksa ds fy;s pquk x;k gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&
xfy;kjs
fnYyh&vkxjk fnYyh&dkuiqj eSlwj&caxyq#& eqacbZ&vgenkckn ukxiqj&fldanjkckn

psUubZ
fnYyh&paMhx<+ ukxiqj&fcykliqj eqacbZ&xksok psUubZ&gSnjkckn
zzHkkjr ,oa tkiku ds lg;ksx ls cuus okyh eqacbZ&vgenkckn gkbZLihM jsyos ykbu dk fuekZ.k o"kZ 2017 esa izkjaHk fd;k
x;k rFkk o"kZ 2023 osQ vkjaHk rd ns'k dh igyh cqysV Vsªu pyus dh laHkkouk gSA
zzcqysV Vªsu lqjax ds jkLrs egkuxj ls ckgj fudysxh ,oa iqyksa ij cus jsyiFk ls vgenkckn igq¡psxhA
zzjsy ykbu 'kgjh bykdksa esa iqy ls gksdj xq”kjsxhA
zzjsy ykbu dk djhc 27 fdeh- fgLlk lqjax ls] yxHkx 122 fdeh- iqyksa ij vkSj ckdh ”kehu osQ Åij ls xq”kjsxkA
zzeqacbZ ls vgenkckn rd dqy 12 LVs'ku gksaxs& eqacbZ] Fkk.ks] fojkj] HkksbZlj] okih] fcfyeksjk] lwjr] Hk:p] cM+ksnjk]
vk.kan] vgenkckn vkSj lkcjerhA
zzjsyxkM+h dh vfèkdre jÝrkj 350 fdeh- izfr?kaVk vkSj vkSlr xfr 320 fdeh- izfr?kaVk gksxhA
zzcqysV Vsªu dk fdjk;k eqacbZ&vgenkckn ds chp 'krkCnh ,Dlizsl Vªsu ds okrkuqdwfyr izFke Js.kh ds fdjk, dk Ms<+
xquk gksxkA
esVªks jsy (Metro Rail)
zzHkkjr esa çFke esVªks jsyos ifj;kstuk dh vkèkkjf'kyk 29 fnlacj] 1972 dks dksydkrk esa rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh bafnjk
xkaèkh }kjk j[kh xbZA rRi'pkr~ 24 vDrwcj] 1984 dks vkaf'kd :i ls okf.kfT;d rkSj ij çFke esVªks dk ifjpkyu
çkjaHk gqvkA
zz23 tqykbZ] 2016 dks dksfPp (dsjy) esa ns'k dh igyh okVj esVªks ykWUp dh xbZA
zzokVj esVªks ifj;kstuk dk fodkl ^teZu fodkl cSad* dh lgk;rk ls izkjaHk fd;k tk jgk gS tks eq[; Hkwfe ds lkFk
dsjy ds fofHkUu }hiksa dks Hkh vkil esa tksM+sxhA
eksuks jsy (Mono Rail)
zzeksuks jsy ,d ,slh rduhd ls fu£er gS tks osQoy ,d gh iVjh ij pyrh gSA
zz?kuh vkcknh okys 'kgjksa tgk¡ fuekZ.k gsrq Hkwfe dh miyCèkrk de gksrh gS ogk¡ eksuks jsy dks fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
zzuoacj 2008 esa eqacbZ esa loZizFke psacwj ls oMkyk ds eè; eksuks jsy dk ifjpkyu çkjaHk fd;k x;kA
ok;q ifjogu (Air Transport)

ok;q ifjogu] ifjogu dk uohure ,oa lokZfèkd rhoz lkèku gSA Hkkjr tSls fo'kky ns'k esa ok;q ifjogu dk dkiQh
egÙo gSA Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa enn ds vykok blls ;q¼ dky esa 'k=kqvksa ls lqj{kk vkSj izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ds
le; yksxksa rd 'kh?kz lgk;rk igq¡pkus esa lqfoèkk gksrh gSA
zzLora=krk ds ckn Hkkjr esa 21 ok;q ifjogu daifu;k¡ LFkkfir gks pqdh gSaA

27
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT;okj izeq[k varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Ms
gokbZ vM~Mk jkT; gokbZ vM~Mk jkT;
rfeyukMq usrkth lqHkk"k paæ cksl varjkZ"Vªh; if'pe caxky
vUuk varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
(psUubZ) gokbZ vM~Mk (dksydkÙkk)
nsoh vfgY;kckbZ gksYdj varjkZ"Vªh; eè; izns'k
bafnjk xkaèkh varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk fnYyh
gokbZ vM~Mk (bankSj)
ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy varjkZ"Vªh; xqtjkr
ncksfye varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk xksok
gokbZ vM~Mk (vgenkckn)
dsjy
fcjlkeqaMk varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk >kj[kaM (jkaph) f=kosaæe varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
(fr#ouariqje)
Jh xq# jkenkl th varjkZ"Vªh; iatkc jktLFkku
t;iqj varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
gokbZ vM~Mk (ve`rlj) (t;iqj)
tEew vkSj
'ks[k my vkye varjkZ"Vªh; egkjk"Vª
d'ehj N=kifr f'kokth varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
gokbZ vM~Mk (eqacbZ)
(Jhuxj)
vaMeku ,oa
pkSèkjh pj.k flag varjkZ"Vªh; mÙkj izns'k
ohj lkojdj varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk fudksckj (iksVZ
gokbZ vM~Mk (y[kumQ)
Cys;j)
yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh varjkZ"Vªh; mÙkj izns'k yksdfiz; xksihukFk cksjnksyksbZ varjkZ"Vªh; vle
gokbZ vM~Mk (okjk.klh) gokbZ vM~Mk (xqokgVh)
rsyaxkuk dsjy
jktho xkaèkh varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk dksphu varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
(gSnkjkckn) (dksfPp)
dukZVd dsjy
eaxyq# varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk dkyhdV varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk
(eaxyq:) (dks>hdksM)
MkW- ckck lkgsc vacsMdj varjkZ"Vªh; egkjk"Vª t;izdk'k ukjk;.k varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ
fcgkj (iVuk)
gokbZ vM~Mk (ukxiqj) vM~Mk
xzhu iQhYM gokbZ vM~Mk (Green field airport)
zztc iqjkus gokbZ vM~Ms ls nwj fdlh u, LFkku ij fcYoqQy uohu <ax ls fdlh u, gokbZ vM~Ms dk fuekZ.k fd;k
tkrk gS rks mls ^xzhu iQhYM gokbZ vM~Mk* dgrs gSaA
zzlkekU;r% bldk fuekZ.k rc fd;k tkrk gS] tc fdlh iqjkus gokbZ vM~Ms esa vkSj vfèkd foLrkj dh xqt
a kb'k ugha
jg tkrh gSA
mM+ku (UDAN) % mM+s ns'k dk vke ukxfjd
ukxfjd mM~M;u ea=kky; us vDVwcj 2016 esa cgqizrhf{kr {ks=kh; dusfDVfoVh ;kstuk ^mM+ku* dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ;g
,d uokpkjh ;kstuk gS tks {ks=kh; gokbZ ekxks± ij vkfFkZd :i ls O;kogkfjd mM+kusa izLrqr djsxhA ;g jk"Vªh; ukxfjd
mM~M;u uhfr] 2016 dk ,d vge fgLlk gSA
zzfoeku lsok esa p;fur ,;jykbu vkWijsVj dks U;wure 9 vkSj vfèkdre 40 lhVsa vkSj gsfydkWIVj ds fy;s U;wure 5
vkSj vfèkdre 13 lhVsa mM+ku ;kstuk ds varxZr lfClMh njksa ij nsuh gksaxhA
28
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfoeku ls 500 fdeh- dh ,d ?kaVs dh ;k=kk rFkk gsfydkWIVj ls 30 feuV dh ;k=kk ds fy;s fdjk;s dh lhek
` 2,500 gksxhA
zzmM+ku ;kstuk ds lapkyu gsrq gokbZ vM~Mksa dk p;u lacafèkr jkT; ljdkj ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ djus ds ckn gh
fd;k tk,xk blesa oqQy 70 gokbZ vM~Mksa dks dusDV fd;k tk,xkA
zzbl ;kstuk ls ns'k ds Hkhrj i;ZVu ,oa jks”kxkj l`tu esa izkRs lkgu feysxkA
zz27 viSzy] 2017 dks izèkkuea=kh us ;kstuk ds rgr f'keyk&fnYyh :V ij izFke mM+ku dks gjh >aMh fn[kkbZA
ty&ekxZ ifjogu (Water-ways Transport)

tyekxZ fdlh Hkh ns'k dk lcls lLrk ;krk;kr ifjogu gSA Hkkjr esa vkarfjd ,oa lkeqfæd nksuksa izdkj dk ty
ifjogu fd;k tkrk gSA vkarfjd ty ifjogu dh n`f"V ls ns'k esa izkphudky ls gh ufn;ksa ds ekè;e ls ;krk;kr fd;k
tkrk gSA
zzHkkjr esa ufn;ksa] ugjksa] ckaèkksa rFkk ldjh [kkfM+;ksa ds :i esa varnsZ'kh; tyekxksZ dk ,d foLrkfjr usVodZ gSA 20236
fdeh- dh dqy ukSpkyuh; yackbZ eas ls ufn;ksa dk 17980 fdeh- rFkk ugjkas dk 2256 fdeh- ;kaf=kd tgktksa }kjk
mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; tyekxZ vfèkfu;e 2016 ds rgr ns'k esa dqy 106 tyekxksZ dks u, jk"Vªh; tyekxksZ ds :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k
tkus dk izkoèkku gSA orZeku esa dqy 5 jk"Vªh; tyekxZ gSA bl vfèkfu;e ds dqy jk"Vªh; tyekxks± dh la[;k 111
gks tk,xhA
zzbl le; xaxk&gqxyh unh ds dqN fgLlksa] czãiq=k&cjkd unh] xksok dh ufn;k¡] dsjy ds vizokgh ty vkSj xksnkojh&
Ñ".kk unh ds MsYVk {ks=kksa rd ukS lapkyu lhfer gSA
zz;kaf=kd tgk”kksa dh laxfBr eky <qykbZ ds vfrfjDr fofHkUu {kerk okyh ns'kh ukSdk,¡ Hkh fofHkUu ufn;ksa o ugjksa ls
eky <qykbZ dj jgh gSaA
zzb±èku dh de [kir] i;kZoj.k vuqdwyrk vkSj izHkkoh ykxr vkfn LokHkkfod ykHkksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj
jsy ,oa lM+d ifjogu ds eqdkcys bls ,d izHkkoh o iwjd ifjogu ds :i esa fodflr djus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA
zzHkkjrh; varnsZ'kh; tyekxZ izkfèkdj.k dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1986 esa dh xbZ ,oa bls jk"Vªh; tyekxks± ds fodkl] j[k&j[kko
vkSj fu;eu dh f”kEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ gSA
zz;g izkfèkdj.k varnsZ'kh; ty ifjogu ds fodkl ls lacafèkr ekeyksa esa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks lykg Hkh nsrk gSA
izeq[k jk"Vªh; vkarfjd tyekxZ
tyekxZ izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

zzbl tyekxZ dh yackbZ 1620 fdeh- gSA
,u-MCY;w&1
zz;g xaxk unh ij bykgkckn ls if'pe caxky ds gfYn;k rd foLr`r gSA
,u-MCY;w&2
zz;g czãiq=k unh ij lfn;k ls èkqcjh rd foLr`r gSA
,u-MCY;w&3 zz;g dksV~Vkiqje ls dksYye rd gSA
zz;g dsjy rVh; ugj tyekxZ gSA
29
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz10ohaiapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds varxZr pkSFkk tyekxZ dkdhukMk ls iqnPq psjh ds chp LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
zzbl tyekxZ dh yackbZ 2890 fdeh- gSA (uksV% uoacj 2008 esa jk"Vªh; tyekxZ la[;k&4 dh
,u-MCY;w&4 dqy yackbZ 1078 fdeh- ?kksf"kr dh xbZ FkhA fdarq ,u- MCY;w vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds rgr
bldk foLrkj djrs gq, bl yackbZ dks 2890 fdeh- rd c<+k fn;k x;k)
zz;g tyekxZ xksnkojh ,oa Ñ".kk ufn;ksa ds chp iSQyk gSA
zz;g tyekxZ rkypsj ls èkejk rd foLr`r gSA
,u-MCY;w&5
zz;g Hkaxk ls y[khiqj rd foLr`r gksxkA
,u-MCY;w&16 zzbldh yackbZ 121 fdeh- gSA
zzorZeku esa ;g izLrkfor gSA
lkxjekyk ifj;kstuk (Sagarmala Project)

zzns'k ds lHkh canjxkgksa dks vkil esa tksM+us] mUgsa ubZ rduhdksa ls ifjiw.kZ djus ,oa leqnzh O;kikj dks c<+kok nsus
ds mís'; ls 15 vxLr] 2003 dks ^lkxjekyk ifj;kstuk* dh ?kks"k.kk rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h
us dh FkhA
zzbldh 'kq#vkr ekpZ 2015 esa êsd bu bafM;k* ds rgr ns'k ds çèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh }kjk dh xbZA
zzblds rgr ns'k ds pkjksa vksj lhekvksa ij lM+d ifj;kstukvksa esa 7,516.6 fdeh- yacs rVh; {ks=k dks tksM+us ds
fy;s usVodZ fodflr fd;k tkuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk esa canjxkgksa dks vkèkqfud cukus ds lkFk&lkFk mlds vkl&ikl fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa dk Hkh
fodkl fd;k tk,xkA
lsrqleqæe ifj;kstuk
(Sethusamudram project)
zzbl ifj;kstuk ds rgr caxky dh [kkM+h ,oa vjc lkxj ds chp lhèkh vkoktkgh ds fy;s eUukj dh [kkM+h ,oa
ikd tylafèk ds chp ,d leqæh ekxZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xkA bl ekxZ ds 'kq: gksus ls leqæh ;k=kk esa yxHkx
36 ?kaVs le; (yxHkx 400 leqæh ehy ;k=kk) dh cpr gksxh D;ksafd vHkh rd leqæh tgk”kksa dks vjc lkxj
,oa caxky dh [kkM+h ds chp vkokxeu ds fy;s iwjs Jhyadk dk pDdj yxkuk iM+rk gSA
zzè;krO; gks fd Hkkjr vkSj Jhyadk ds chp leqæh ekxZ okyh bl ifj;kstuk dk izLrko lu~ 1860 esa Hkkjr esa
dk;Zjr fczfV'k dekaMj ^,Mh Vsyj* us j[kk FkkA
zzyxHkx 2500 djksM+ dh ykxr okyh bl ifj;kstuk ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj us ^Los”k ugj izkfèkdj.k* ds lkFk ,d
lgefr i=k ij gLrk{kj fd;k gS] ftlds rgr ^Los”k ugj izkfèkdj.k* bl leqæh ekxZ dk fuekZ.k] lapkyu vkSj
ns[k&js[k djsxkA
zzHkkjr ,oa Jhyadk ds dbZ i;kZoj.koknh laxBuksa us bldk fojksèk fd;k gSA mudk dguk gS fd blls izoky fHkfÙk
,oa leqæ ds laosnu'khy i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku igq¡psxkA ogha eNqvkjksa dks vk'kadk gS fd bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr
pSuy ds 'kq: gks tkus ls eNfy;ksa dh la[;k de gks tk,xh ftlls mudh vkthfodk çHkkfor gksxhA blds vykok
èkk£ed erkoyach Hkh bl ifj;kstuk dk fojksèk dj jgs gSAa bl izdkj fojksèkksa ,oa fooknksa ds pyrs bl ifj;kstuk dks
vHkh 'kq: ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA
30
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
izeq[k canjxkg (Major Ports)
Hkkjr ds yxHkx 7517 fdeh- yacs rV ij 13 eq[; cM+s canjxkg rFkk 200 ls vfèkd NksVs ,oa eè;e ntsZ ds canjxkg gSaA
zzeqacbZ] dkaMyk] U;w eaxykSj ,oa dksfPp if'peh rV ij rFkk dksydkrk] gfYn;k] ikjknhi] fo'kk[kkiÙkue] psUubZ o
rwrhdksfju iwohZ rV ij fLFkr eq[; canjxkg gSaA Hkkjr dh izeq[k ikbiykbu
zzHkkjr dk yxHkx 75% O;kikj eq[; canjxkgksa }kjk
ikbiykbu mís';
gksrk gS tcfd 'ks"k O;kikj eè;e rFkk NksVs vkdkj
ds iÙkuksa ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA ugjdfV;k&uwuerh&cjkSuh ikbiykbu isVªksfy;e ifjogu
gthjk&fot;iqj&txnh'kiqj ikbiykbu çkÑfrd xSl ifjogu
ikbiykbu ifjogu (Pipeline Transport)
gfYn;k&cjkSuh ikbiykbu isVªksfy;e ifjogu
zzrjy inkFkks± vkSj xSlksa ds yach nwfj;ksa ds ifjogu ds
fy;s ikbiykbu ifjogu lcls lqfoèkktud lkèku gSA tkeuxj&yksuh ikbiykbu jlksbZ xSl ifjogu
zzHkkjr esa ikbiykbu ifjogu dh 'kq#vkr 1956 esa
dkaMyk&HkfVaMk ikbiykbu Mh”ky ifjogu
fMxcksbZ ls frulqfd;k rd dh xbZ] ftldh lgk;rk lyk;k&dks;yh&eFkqjk ikbiykbu isVªksfy;e ifjogu
ls vle ds rsy oqQvksa ls dPpk rsy 'kksèku ds fy;s eqacbZ&iq.ks ikbiykbu isVªksfy;e ifjogu
cjkSuh fjiQkbujh rd yk;k tkrk gSA rkih (TAPI) ikbiykbu
xSl ifjogu
zzHkkjr esa ikbiykbuksa ds ekè;e ls Bksl [kfutksa dk (varjkZ"Vªh;&izLrkfor ikbiykbu)
(nzO; pw.kZ ds :i esa) Hkh ifjogu fd;k tkrk gSA
zzikbiykbu usVodZ ds fuekZ.k ds iQyLo:i isVªksjlk;u m|ksx dk fodsanzhdj.k gqvk gS] tks Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy
ns'k ds fy;s ykHknk;d gSA
zzoqQnzseq[k ls eaxyw: canjxkg rd ikbiykbu }kjk ykSg v;Ld igq¡pk;k tkrk gSA
zzekrksu [kkuksa ls jkWd iQkWLisQV nsckjh izxyu la;a=k (mn;iqj] jktLFkku) esa yk;k tkrk gSA
zzgthjk&fot;iqj&txnh'kiqj (HVJ) ikbiykbu if'peh rV ij fLFkr gthjk dks mÙkj izns'k ds lqYrkuiqj f”kys esa fLFkr
txnh'kiqj ls tksM+rh gSA yxHkx 1,730 fdeh- yach ;g xSl ikbiykbu lokbZ ekèkksiqj] vkSjS;k] vks[kyk] 'kkgtgk¡iqj
vkfn ds moZjd dkj[kkuksa ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA
zz,d ubZ ikbiykbu lyk;k (xqtjkr) ls fojkexke gksdj eFkqjk rd fcNkbZ xbZ gS] tks 1,870 fdeh- yach gSA ;g
ikbiykbu dPps rsy dk ifjogu dks;yh] eFkqjk] ikuhir vkfn fjiQkbujh ds fy;s djrh gSA
zz^çèkkuea=kh ÅtkZ xaxk* ikbiykbu ifj;kstuk ds varxZr ,d ubZ ikbiykbu ifj;kstuk ^txnh'kiqj&gfYn;k vkSj
cksdkjks&èkkejk* ij dk;Z py jgk gS] ftldh yackbZ yxHkx 2,650 fdyksehVj gksxh ,oa ;g mÙkj çns'k] fcgkj]
>kj[kaM] vksfM'kk ,oa if'pe caxky ls gksdj tk,xhA blls ikbIM oqQfdax xSl (PNG) dk ifjogu fd;k tk,xkA
jktLFkku dk Hkwxksy
vè;k;&1
^jktLFkku % lkekU; ifjp; * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
jkT; dh if'peh lhek ikfdLrku ls yxrh gSA bls jsMfDyiQ ykbu dgk tkrk gSA bldh yackbZ 1,070 fdeh- gSA
;g varjkZ"Vªh; lhek jkT; esa mÙkj ls nf{k.k Øe'k% pkj f”kyksa Jhxaxkuxj (210 fdeh-)] chdkusj (168 fdeh-)]
tSlyesj (lokZfèkd 471 fdeh-) ,oa ckM+esj (228 fdeh-) ls yxrh gSA jktLFkku dk dqy {ks=kiQy 3,42, 239 oxZ
fdeh- gSA jktLFkku ns'k dk lcls cM+k jkT; gS tks b”kjkby ls yxHkx 17 xquk] baXySaM ls yxHkx nqxquk rFkk Jhyadk
ls yxHkx ik¡p xquk ls Hkh vfèkd {ks=kh; foLrkj j[krk gSA jktLFkku Hkkjr ds dqy {ks=kiQy dk yxHkx 10.41 izfr'kr
31
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
gSA jktLFkku dh vkÑfr fo"ke prqHkqZt ;k irax ds leku gSA mÙkj ls nf{k.k ds eè; dh yackbZ 826 fdeh- rFkk iwoZ
ls if'pe dh yackbZ 869 fdeh- gSA jktLFkku dk mÙkjh fcanq Jhxaxkuxj f”kys dk dks.kkxk¡o gS rFkk nf{k.kh fcanq ck¡lokM+k
f”kys dk cksjdqaM xk¡o gSA jktLFkku dk if'peh fcanq tSlyesj dk dVjk xk¡o rFkk lcls iwohZ fcanq èkkSyiqj f”kys dk
flyku xk¡o gSA
jktLFkku dh LFkyh; lhek 5,920 fdeh- gSA blesa ls 4,850 fdeh- varjkZT;h; lhek rFkk 1,070 fdeh- ikfdLrku
ds lkFk varjkZ"Vªh; lhek cukrh gSA jktLFkku dh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek fganweydksV (Jhxaxkuxj) ls ysdj nf{k.k esa Hkyxk¡o]
ck[kklj (ckM+esj) rd tkrh gSA ikfdLrku ds 9 f”kys jktLFkku ds lkFk varjkZ"Vªh; lhek cukrs gSaA jktLFkku dh lhek
ik¡p jkT;ksa dks Nwrh gS ftlesa ls lokZfèkd yach varjkZT;h; lhek eè; izns'k (1,600 fdeh-) ds lkFk rFkk lcls NksVh
lhek iatkc (89 fdeh-) ds lkFk gSA >kykokM+ f”kys dh varjkZT;h; lhek lcls yach rFkk ckM+esj f”kys dh lhek lcls
NksVh gSA
jkT;
Ø-la- jktLFkku ds f”kys iM+kslh jkT; ds f”kys
èkkSyiqj] djkSyh] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] dksVk] ckjk¡] >kykokM+ >kcqvk] jryke] eanlkSj] ';ksiqj] uhep]
eè; izns'k
1. (vfèkdre)] fpÙkkSM+x<+] HkhyokM+k (U;wure)] ck¡lokM+k] jktx<+] xquk] f'koiqjh] vxjekyok] eqjSuk
(1,600 fdeh-)
izrkix<+ (dqy 10 f”kys) (dqy 10 f”kys)
2. iatkc (89 fdeh-) guqekux<+ (U;wure)] Jhxaxkuxj (vfèkdre) (dqy 2 f”kys) iQkf”kYdk] Jh eqDrlj lkfgc (dqy 2 f”kys)
gfj;k.kk guqekux<+ (vfèkdre)] pw:] >qa>quw] lhdj] t;iqj jsokM+h] egsanzx<+] fHkokuh] fglkj] fljlk]
3.
(1,262 fdeh-) (U;wure)] vyoj] Hkjriqj (dqy 7 f”kys) iQrsgkckn] esokr (dqy 7 f”kys)
mÙkj izns'k èkkSyiqj (U;wure)] Hkjriqj (vfèkdre)
4. vkxjk] eFkqjk (dqy 2 f”kys)
(877 fdeh-) (dqy 2 f”kys)
xqtjkr mn;iqj (vfèkdre)] ckM+esj (U;wure)] fljksgh] tkykSj] cukldkaBk] efglkxj] vjkoyh] lkcjdkaBk]
5.
(1,022 fdeh-) Mw¡xjiqj] ck¡lokM+k (dqy 6 f”kys) nkgksn] dPN (dqy 6 f”kys)
jktLFkku ds izeq[k rF;

zzjktLFkku dk jkT; i'kq fpadkjk zzrhFkks±dk Hkkatk eqpqdqaM (èkkSyiqj)
zzjktLFkku dk jkT; ?kjsyw i'kq mQ¡V zzjktLFkku dh FkeksZiksyh gYnh?kkVh
zzjktLFkku dk jkT; iq"i jksfgM+k ds iQwy zzjktLFkku dk [ksy u`R; ustk u`R;
zzjktLFkku dk jkT; i{kh xksMko.k ;k egku Hkkjrh; cLVMZ zzyksdukV~;ksa dk e# ukV~; jkbZ u`R;
zzjktLFkku dk jkT; [ksy ckLdsVckWy zzvdcj dk nkSyr[kkuk eSXthu nqxZ
zzjktLFkku dk jkT; o`{k [kstM+h zzesokM+ ds Hkh"e firkeg dq¡oj pwM+k
zzjktLFkku dk yksdu`R; ?kwej zzou dh vk'kk cukl unh
zzjktLFkku dh eksukfylk c.kh&B.kh zzjktLFkku dk eSupsLVj HkhyokM+k
zzvkèkqfud Hkkjr ds HkkxhjFk egkjktk xaxkflag zz>hyksa dh uxjh mn;iqj
zzjktiwrkuk dk vcqy iQ”ky eqg.kksr uS.klh zzokxM+ dk xkaèkh Hkksxhyky ikaM~;k
zzxqykch uxj t;iqj zzxkaèkh ds ik¡posa iq=k teukyky ctkt
zzHkkjr dk isfjl t;iqj zzekjokM+ dk ve`r ljksoj tokbZ ckaèk
zzckofM+;ksa dk 'kgj cw¡nh zzHkkjrh; ck?kksa dk ?kj j.kFkaHkkSj
zzLo.kZ uxjh tSlyesj zzjsfxLrku dk dYio`{k [kstM+h
32
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktLFkku dh dkeèksuq pacy unh zzHkkjrh; eSfjuks pksdyk
zzokxM+ dh xaxk ekgh unh zzekjokM+ dk izrki jko panzlsu
zzdkaBy dh xaxk ekgh unh zzfdyksa dk fljekSj fpÙkkSM+x<+
zzflVh vkWiQ osYl (?kaVh) >kyjkikVu zzesokM+ dh vk¡[k dqaHkyx<+ iQksVZ
(dVkjx<+)
zz?kksM+s okyk ckck duZy tsEl VkWM zzpeZ.orh pacy unh
zzrhFkZjkt iq"dj zzvkfnokfl;ksa
dk dqaHk cs.ks'oj
zzlkS }hiksa dk 'kgj ck¡lokM+k zzjktLFkku dk vaMeku tSlyesj
zziwoZ dk osful mn;iqj zzlu flVh vkWiQ jktLFkku tksèkiqj
vè;k;&4
^viokg ra= ,oa ty lalk/ku * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
ty lalkèku (Water Resources)

jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk eas ty lalkèku foHkkx&o`gn] eè;e ,oa y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls jkT; ds vYi
ty lalkèkuksa ds nksgu] mi;ksx ,oa izcaèku dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA Lora=krk ls iwoZ izkar esa dsoy 4 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=k
esa lrgh ty ifj;kstukvksa ls flapkbZ lqfoèkk miyCèk Fkh] ogk¡ vc foHkkx ds lrr~ iz;klksa ls o`gn] eè;e ,oa y?kq
flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k dj o"kZ 2018–19 rd 38.60 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=k esa flapkbZ lqfoèkk miyCèk djokbZ xbZ
gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlacj] 2019 rd 9,793 gSDVs;j {ks=k esa vfrfjDr flapkbZ lqfoèkkvkas dk l`tu fd;k x;k
gSA
Ñf"k flafpr izcaèku ds vfrfjDr egÙoiw.kZ flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k dk;Z laikfnr fd;s x,A flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa
ds egÙo dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 esa fofHkUu flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa (bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk ds
vfrfjDr) ij ` 2,601.62 djksM+ dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k gS] ftlesa ls o`gn~ ijou flapkbZ ifj;kstuk ij ` 550 djksM+]
èkkSyiqj fyÝV flapkbZ ifj;kstuk ij ` 200 djksM+ ,oa ueZnk ugj ifj;kstuk ij ` 358.70 djksM+] dqy izkoèkku ds fo#¼
fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 1857.39 djksM+ O;; fd;s tk pqds gSa] ftlesa ls ijou ifj;kstuk ij ` 549.13 djksM+] èkkSyiqj
fyÝV ij ` 175.60 djksM+] ueZnk ugj ifj;kstuk ij ` 99.59 djksM+ O;; fd;s tk pqds gSaA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa 7 o`gn [ueZnk ugj ifj;kstuk] ijou] èkkSyiqj fyÝV] jktLFkku ds e: {ks=k gsrq ty iquxZBu
ifj;kstuk (vkj-MCY;w- ,l-vkj-ih-Mh-) ,oa uousjk ckaèk (bZ-vkj-lh-ih-)] mQijh mPp Lrjh; ugj ,oa ihiy[kwaV], 6 eè;e
ifj;kstuk,¡ (xjM+nk] rkdyh] xkxfju] Ygklh] jktx<_ ,oa gfFk;knsg) rFkk 45 y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dk dk;Z izxfr
ij gSA
îjou* o`gn cgqmn~ns'kh; flapkbZ ifj;kstuk >kykokM+ ds fudV ijou unh ij fuekZ.kkèkhu gSA jkT; ljdkj }kjk
ijou ifj;kstuk dh la'kksfèkr iz'kklfud ,oa foÙkh; LohÑfr jkf'k ` 7,355.23 djksM+ dh tkjh dh xbZA ifj;kstuk ds
varxZr 1,821 xk¡oksa esa is;ty miyCèk djokus ds lkFk&lkFk >kykokM+] ckjka ,oa dksVk ftys ds 637 xk¡oksa dh 2,01,400
gSDVs;j flafpr Hkwfe ij flapkbZ dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA ;g ifj;kstuk rkih; fo|qr ifj;kstuk
gsrq 79 fefy;u ?kuehVj ty miyCèk djok,xh] ftlls dqy 2,970 esxkokV mRiknu fd;k tk ldsxkA iQOokjk flapkbZ
i¼fr dks vfuok;Z :i ls izFke ckj ueZnk ugj ifj;kstuk eas ykxw fd;k gSA ifj;kstuk dh la'kksfèkr ykxr ` 3,124
djksM+ gSA bl ifj;kstuk esa fnlacj] 2019 rd 2.46 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=k esa vfrfjDr flapkbZ {kerk dk l`tu fd;k tk
pqdk gSA
33
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku ty {ks=k vkthfodk lqèkkj ifj;kstuk (vkj-McY;w-,l-,y-vkbZ-ih-)
25 f”kyksa eas 137 flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds iquokZl vkSj uohuhdj.k ds fy;s jktLFkku ty {ks=k vkthfodk lqèkkj
ifj;kstuk dks tkbdk ls Í.k lkg;rk izkIr djus ds fy;s eatwjh nh xbZ gSA bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr dqy flafpr {ks=k
4.70 yk[k gSDVs;j gSA ifj;kstuk dh vuqekfur ykxr ` 2,348.87 djksM+ (35,468 fefy;u ;su) gS] ftleas ls ` 1,971.06
djksM+_ (29,763 fefy;u ;su) (85 izfr'kr) tkbdk }kjk ,oa ` 377.81 djksM+ (5,705 fefy;u ;su) (15 izfr'kr)
jkT; }kjk foÙk iksf"kr gSA tkbdk ds lkFk 13,725 fefy;u ;su ds Í.k vuqcaèk ij 31 ekpZ] 2017 dks gLrk{kj fd;s
x, FksA tkbdk }kjk Í.k vuqcaèk dks 26 vDVwcj] 2017 ls ykxw fd;k gSA
izLrkfor 137 flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa eas Hkk[kM+k ugj iz.kkyh] xqM+xk¡o ugj iz.kkyh lfgr 25 f”kyksa (;Fkk&vtesj]
vyoj] lhdj] djkSyh] Vksad] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] èkkSyiqj] Hkjriqj] ckjka] >kykokM+] cwanh] dksVk ,oa mn;iqj] izrkix<+] fpÙkkSM+x<+]
ck¡lokM+k] Mwaxjiqj] HkhyokM+k] jktlean] ikyh] fljksgh] nkSlk] t;iqj] guqekux<+ ,oa Jhxaxkuxj) dh eè;e vkSj y?kq
flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ lfEefyr gSaA
;g ifj;kstuk rhu pj.kksa esa iw.kZ dh tk,xhA izFke pj.k ds rgr 34 mi ifj;kstukvksa dk iquokZl fd;k tk,xkA
31 mi ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;Z vkns'k tkjh fd;s x, gSa vkSj iquokZl dk;Z izxfr ij gSA 'ks"k 3 mi ifj;kstukvksa ds iquokZl
ds fy;s fufonk,¡ vkeaf=kr dh xbZ gSaA ifj;kstuk ij ekpZ] 2019 rd ` 124.16 djksM+ dk O;; fd;k x;k gSA foÙkh;
o"kZ 2019–20 esa ` 276.47 djksM+ ds ctV izkoèkku ds fo#¼ fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 147.00 djksM+ dk O;; fd;k x;k
gSA
jktLFkku ds e: {ks=k gsrq ty iquxZBu ifj;kstuk (vkj-McY;w-,l-vkj-ih-Mh-)

bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk (vkbZ-th-,u-ih-) izFke pj.k iz.kkyh ds iquxZBu ds fy;s U;w MoyiesaV cSad }kjk bl
ifj;kstuk dks foÙk iksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA bldk ykHk Jhxaxkuxj] guqekux<+] pw:] ukxkSj] chdkusj] tksèkiqj] tSlyesj vkSj
ckM+esj ftyksa dks feysxkA bldh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSa (1) bafnjk xkaèkh eq[; ugj vkjMh 0–620 (189.00 fdeh-
) dh ejEer (2) vkbZ-th- ,e-,u- forj.k iz.kkyh dk izFke pj.k (1,728 fdeh-) esa iquokZl (3) 22,831 gsDVs;j tyHkjko
okys {ks=k dk iquxZzg.k (4)ty mi;ksxdrkZ la?k dk {kerk oèkZu (5) lw{e flapkbZ] Ñf"k fofoèkhdj.k vkfn lfgr dekaM
{ks=k fodkl xfrfofèk;k¡ gSA ifj;kstuk dh ykxr dh vuqeku ;w-,l-Mh- 491.29 fefy;u (` 3,291.63 djksM+) gS] ftlesa
ls ;w-,l-Mh- 350 fefy;u (` 2,345.00 djksM+) jk"Vªh; fodkl cSad }kjk foÙk iksf"kr fd;k tk,xk vkSj 3 fd'rksa eas foÙk
iksf"kr djus ds fy;s jkT; dk ;ksxnku ;w-,l-Mh- 141.29 fefy;u (` 946.63djksM+) gksxkA izFke pj.k ds rgr ` 863.83
djksM+ dh jkf'k ls 92 dk;Z fd;s x, gSA 92 dk;ks± esa ls 72 dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s tk pqds gSa vkSj 'ks"k dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 241.30 djksM+ dk O;; fd;k x;k gSA
jk"Vªh; ty foKku ifj;kstuk
;g ifj;kstuk ty 'kfDr ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj (fo'o cSad ifj;kstuk) }kjk foÙk iksf"kr gSA dqy ifj;kstuk dh
ykxr ` 128 djksM+ (Hkkjr ljdkj ls 100 izfr'kr vuqnku) vkSj vofèk 8 o"kZ (2016–17 ls 2023–24) gSA ;g ifj;kstuk
jkT; esa ty lalkèku izcaèku ds fy;s okLrfod le; ds ekSle vkSj ikuh ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+ksa dh miyCèkrk eas enn
djsxhA ;g ck<+] lw[kk izcaèku] csgrj ty mi;ksx n{krk vkSj ty lalkèku lefUor izcaèku ds fy;s okLrfod ekSle
fu.kkZ;d iz.kkyh ds fodkl esa enn djsxkA ;g ty lalkèku lwpuk ra=k (McY;w-vkj-vkbZ-,l-) ds lkoZtfud Mksesu ds
ekè;e ls turk dks ikuh ls lacafèkr tkudkjh vkSj ekSle lacaèkh iwokZuqeku dh miyCèkrk vkSj izlkj.k esa Hkh enn djsxkA
chlyiqj ckaèk ij LdkMk iz.kyh (lqijokbtjh daVªksy ,aM MsVk ,fDtfo'ku) ,oa jkT; ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij gkbMªksusV
LVs'ku LFkkfir djus ds ` 26.00 djksM+ ds dk;kZns'k tkjh fd;s x;s gSaA bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr] ekgh ckaèk] tokbZ ckaèk]
xq<+k ckaèk] Hkk[kM+k ugj iz.kkyh xax ugj vkSj ueZnk ugj iz.kkyh dks doj djus okyh vU; izeq[k ifj;kstukvksa o`gn
iz.kkyh LFkkfir dh tk jgh gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 es ` 3.20 djksM+ dk O;; fd;k x;k gSA
34
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
bafnjk xkaèkh iQhMj (iatkc dk Hkkx) vkSj ljfgUn iQhMj
bafnjk xkaèkh iQhMj dh jh&ykbfuax ds fy;s 23 tuojh] 2019 dks Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj iatkc ljdkj ds lkFk ,d
vuqcaèk ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, gSaA ifj;kstuk dh dqy ykxr ` 1,976 djksM+ gSA iatkc ljdkj us uoacj ls fnlacj] 2019
esa Dykstj ysdj ljfgan iQhMj esa dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS vkSj bl nkSjku 16.67 fdeh- {ks=k ljfgan iQhMj iatkc
ds varxZr vkrk gSA iatkc us ljfgan iQhMj ds yxHkx 10 fdeh- vkSj bafnjk xkaèkh iQhMj ds yxHkx 30 fdeh- {ks=k esa
ekpZ&vizSy&twu] 2020 esa izLrkfor Dykstj esa fu"iknu dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA jkT; dh lk>k ykxr ds fo#¼ iatkc dks
fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 118.83 djksM+ dk Hkqxrku fd;k x;k gSA
ckaèk iquokZl vkSj lqèkkj ifj;kstuk (Mh-vkj-vkbZ-ih-)

jkT; ds cM+s ckaèkksa dh cgkyh vkSj iquokZl ds fy;s] fo'o cSad ls lgk;rk izkIr ckaèk iquokZl vkSj lqèkkj ifj;kstuk
(Mh-vk-vkbZ-ih-) fu"ikfnr dh tk jgh gSA dsanzh; ty vk;ksx (lh-McY;w-lh-) ubZ fnYyh }kjk ` 956.56 djksM+ ls jkT;
ds 189 cM+s cka?kksa dk iquokZl djus ds fy;s LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZ gSA
mifuos'ku
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk {ks=k esa miyCèk Hkwfe lkekU; vkSj fo'ks"k vkoaVu ds varxZr 50 : 50 ds vuqikr esa
mifuos'ku foHkkx }kjk vkoafVr dh tkrh gSA mifuos'ku foHkkx }kjk vkjaHk ls fnlacj 2019 rd 14.55 yk[k gSDVs;j
Hkwfe dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA mifuos'ku foHkkx }kjk o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd ` 8.50 djksM+ dh jktLo
olwyh dh xbZ ,oa 910 vkoafV;ksa dks [kkrsnkjh lun tkjh dh xbZA
¯lpkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ (Irrigation Projects)

¯lfpr {ks=k dh fLFkfr (Status of irrigated area)
uhfr vk;ksx ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj jkT; ds dqy {ks=kiQy dk 75% Hkkx ¯lpkbZ gsrq o"kkZ ds ty ij fuHkZj gSA jkT;
esa ldy cqvkbZ {ks=k 183.49 yk[k gsDVs;j gS ftlesa ls o"kkZèkkfjr {ks=k 116.88 yk[k gsDVs;j gS rFkk ¯lfpr {ks=k 66.61
yk[k gsDVs;j gSA
jkT; esa lokZfèkd ¯lpkbZ Jhxaxkuxj ,oa guqekux<+ f”kyksa esa rFkk U;wure jktlean (dqy ¯lfpr {ks=kiQy ds
vkèkkj ij) esa gksrh gS] tcfd ¯lfpr {ks=k ds izfr'kr ds vkèkkj ij pq: esa lcls de {ks=kiQy gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
¯lpkbZ ds izeq[k lkèku (Major means of irrigation)
jktLFkku esa HkkSxksfyd vlekurkvksa ds dkj.k ¯lpkbZ ds lkèkuksa esa Hkh varj ik;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i dgha dqvksa
,oa uydwiksa] dgha rkykcksa ,oa ugjksa ds }kjk ¯lpkbZ dh tkrh gSA
dqy ¯lfpr {ks=k dk yxHkx 67.70% Hkkx dqvksa ,oa uydwiksa }kjk] 27.30% Hkkx ugjksa }kjk] 1.2% Hkkx rkykcksa
}kjk ,oa 'ks"k Hkkx vU; lkèkuksa }kjk ¯lfpr gSA
1. bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk (IGNP)
chdkusj fj;klr ds egkjktk xaxk¯lg }kjk 1922&27 bZ- esa xaxugj dk fuekZ.k djok;k x;kA xaxugj dh liQyrk
ls xaxkuxj {ks=k esa [kq'kgkyh vkbZ] ftlus lryqt&O;kl ufn;ksa ds ikuh esa ls vfèkd fgLlk izkIr djus dks izsfjr fd;kA
blh izsj.kk ds dkj.k chdkusj fj;klr ds eq[; ¯lpkbZ vfHk;ark Jhdaoj lsu }kjk ugj dh ,d lqfu;ksftr ;kstuk dk
izfrosnu 1948 bZ- esa Hkkjr ljdkj dks Hkstk x;kA
lu~ 1955 ds varjkZT;h; ty le>kSrs ls jktLFkku ljdkj ds vk'oLr gksus ds ckn bl ugj ds fuekZ.k dk izLrko
;kstuk vk;ksx dks Hkstk x;k] ftl ij 'kh?kz LohÑfr fey xbZ vkSj ugj ifj;kstuk dk fuekZ.k dk;Z 1958 dks izkjaHk
gqvkA bl ifj;kstuk ds fuekZ.k gsrq 1958 esa IGNP cksMZ xfBr fd;k x;kA
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; jkoh o O;kl ufn;ksa ds ty esa ls vkoafVr 8.60 fefy;u
,dM+ iqQV (MAF) ikuh esa ls 7.59 MAF ikuh dk mi;ksx dj if'peh jktLFkku esa ¯lpkbZ o is;ty lqfoèkkvksa
dk foLrkj] e#LFkyhdj.k dks jksduk] i;kZoj.k lqèkkj] o`{kkjksi.k] jks”kxkj ds voljksa esa o`f¼ djuk] i'kq
laink dk laj{k.k o fodkl rFkk Ñf"k mRiknu dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
bl ugj dk mn~xe iatkc esa fiQjkstiqj ds fudV lryqt&O;kl ds laxe ij cus gfj ds cSjkt ls gksrk gSA bafnjk
xkaèkh ugj dh dqy yackbZ 649 fdeh- xgjkbZ 21 iQhV o blds ry dh pkSM+kbZ 134 iQhV gSA
iz'kklfud n`f"V ls bl ;kstuk dks nks pj.kksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSµ
izFke pj.k
blesa 204 fdeh- yack bafnjk xkaèkh iQhMj (jktLFkku iQhMj) gfjds cSjkt ls elhrkokyh gSM rd fu£er gSA elhrkokyh
gSM ls iwxy gSM rd 189 fdeh- yach eq[; ugj rFkk mlls lacafèkr 5.46 yk[k gsDVs;j ¯lfpr {sk=k ,oa 3454 fdeh-
forj.k iz.kkyh ds dk;Z Hkh blesa 'kkfey gSaA
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ls ¯lpkbZ gsrq 9 eq[; 'kk[kk,¡ fudkyh xbZ gSaµ
ozQ-la- 'kk[kk dk uke f”kyk ugj ls 'kk[kk dh fn'kk
1. jkorlj 'kk[kk guqekux<+ ugj dh ckb± vksj ls
2. lwjrx<+ 'kk[kk Jhxaxkuxj nkb± vksj
3. vuwix<+ 'kk[kk Jhxaxkuxj nkb± vksj
4. iwxy 'kk[kk chdkusj nkb± vksj
5. nkrksj 'kk[kk chdkusj nkb± vksj
6. fcjlyiqj 'kk[kk chdkusj nkb± vksj
7. pkj.kkokyk 'kk[kk chdkusj] tSlyesj nkb± vksj
8. 'kghn chjcy 'kk[kk tSlyesj nkb± vksj
9. lkxjey xksik 'kk[kk tSlyesj nkb± vksj
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fo'ks"k
zzjkorlj 'kk[kk] ,dek=k 'kk[kk gS tks ugj dh ckb± vksj ls fudkyh xbZ gS] 'ks"k lHkh 'kk[kk,¡ ugj dh nkb± vksj gSaA
zzeq[; ugj ds vafre Nksj eksgux<+ (tSlyesj) ls nks cM+h mi'kk[kk,¡ yhyok o nh?kk fudkyh xbZ gSaA
zzlkxjey xksik 'kk[kk ds vafre Nksj ls xMjkjksM+ mi 'kk[kk (ckck jkenso 'kk[kk) o bldh forfjdkvksa ij dk;Z
fd;k tk jgk gSA
izFke pj.k dk fuekZ.k dk;Z ekpZ 1958 ls izkjaHk gqvk Fkk rFkk 11 vDVwcj] 1961 dks rRdkyhu mijk"Vªifr MkW-
loZiYyh jkèkkÑ".ku }kjk izFke 'kk[kk (jkorlj 'kk[kk) dh uksjaxnslj forfjdk ls loZizFke ty izokfgr fd;k x;kA bl
pj.k dk leLr dk;Z 1992 esa gh iw.kZ gks pqdk FkkA izFke pj.k ls 5.46 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks=k esa ¯lpkbZ lqfoèkk dk fodkl
gqvk gSA
f}rh; pj.k
f}rh; pj.k dk dk;Z o"kZ 1972–73 esa izkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA bl pj.k esa 256 fdeh- yach eq[; ugj tks fd iwxy
gsM ls eksgux<+ (tSlyesj) rd foLr`r gS] dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA bl pj.k ds varxZr forj.k iz.kkyh dh dqy
izLrkfor yackbZ 5959 fdeh- ,oa dqy izLrkfor ¯lpkbZ {ks=k 10.71 yk[k gsDVs;j gSA
flafpr {ks=k fodkl
flafpr {ks=k fodkl ,oa Hkkjr ljdkj ds ty lalkèku ea=kky; ds ty izcaèku (lh-,-Mh-McY;w-,e-) dk;ZØe
ds varxZr fl¼eq[k ugj flapkbZ ifj;kstuk] vej flag mi&'kk[kk ifj;kstuk ,oa xax ugj izFke ,oa f}rh; pj.k] Hkk[kM+k
ugj ifj;kstuk izFke pj.k] chlyiqj vkSj pacy ifj;kstuk {ks=k esa Hkwfe fodkl dk;ks± ds varxZr iDds [kkyksa dk
fuekZ.k dk;Z djok;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us fnukad 1 vizSy] 2017 ls xax ugj ifj;kstuk f}rh; ds vfrfjDr
vU; ifj;kstukvksa esa foÙkh; lgk;rk jksd nh gSA fiQj Hkh] jkT;ka'k ls bu ifj;kstukvksa ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa
6,143 gSDVs;j {ks=k esa fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 51.82 djksM+ O;; dj iDds [kkyksa dk fuekZ.k iw.kZ djok;k tk pqdk gSA
ifj;kstuk esa miyCèk ikuh ds dq'kyre o vfèkdre mi;ksx gsrq f}rh; pj.k fyÝV ;kstukvksa esa iQOokjk flapkbZ
O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k x;k gSA bl gsrq o"kZ 2007–08 esa 27,449 gSDVs;j eas ,d ik;yV ifj;kstuk dk
vkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa foHkkx }kjk djok, tkus okys lHkh dk;Z iw.kZ gks pqds gSa ,oa ekpZ] 2019 rd 25,721
gSDVs;j flafpr {ks=k eas iQOokjk i¼fr ls flapkbZ vkjaHk dh tk pqdh gSA f}rh; pj.k esa 'ks"k 3.20 yk[k gSDVs;j esa ls
1.68 yk[k gSDVs;j flafpr {ks=k eas dk;Z ekpZ] 2017 rd vkoafVr fd;s tk pqds gSaA bl foHkkx dks ty mi;ksx {kerk
c<+kus ds fy;s iQOokjk flapkbZ iz.kkyh LFkkfir djus ij rstiqjk y?kq esa jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku ds rgr o"kZ 2019 ds fy;s
jk"Vªh; Lrj ij f}rh; iqjLdkj izkIr fd;k gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa 10,000 gSDVs;j esa izs'kj flapkbZ O;oLFkk fodflr djus dk y{; gS] ftlds fy;s ` 200 djksM+
vkoafVr gSaA fnlacj] 2019 rd 177 fdeh- ikbi ykbZu fcNkus o fMfXx;k¡ cukus dk dk;Z] flapkbZ O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus
dh cqfu;knh xfrfofèk ds rgr djok;k x;k gSA pkyew foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku bu dk;ks± ij ` 13.83 djksM+ O;; fd;s
x, gSaA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa ifjofrZr ctV esa vk;kstuk en esa bafnjk xkaèkh ugj foHkkx dks ` 461.58 djksM+ LohÑr fd;s x,
gS] ftlesa ls daojlsu fyÝV ;kstuk gsrq ` 2.80 djksM+ dh chdkusj ,oa tSlyesj laHkkx ds f}rh; pj.k dh ugjksa ds
lapkyu] u, vko';d dk;ks± rFkk muds j[kj[kko gsrq ` 258.78 djksM+ o f}rh; pj.k fyÝV ;kstukvksa esa izs'kj flapkbZ
dk;ks± gsrq ` 200 djksM+ (` 100 djksM+ dsanzh; lgk;rk lfgr) vkoafVr fd;s x, gSaA ekg fnlacj] 2019 rd dqy ` 180.56
djksM+ O;; fd;s tk pqds gSaA
37
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkw&ty
jkT; ds Hkw&ty lalkèkuksa ds fodkl ,oa izcaèku gsrq Hkw&ty foHkkx dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA jktLFkku esa] tgk¡
vdky dh fLFkfr cuh jgrh gS] ,sls esa ty dh deh dh leL;k ds lekèkku gsrq dkiQh gn rd Hkw&ty us egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lrr~ ,oa liQy iz;klksa ls jkT; ds jsfxLrkuh o igkM+h ftyksa esa flapkbZ ds fy;s vfrfjDr Hkwfexr
ty tqVkus ds lkFk LoPN is;ty dh miyCèkrk c<+h gSA Hkw&ty foHkkx eq[;r% fuEufyf[kr xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr
djrk gS&
zzlosZ{k.k ,oa vuqlaèkku dk;ZØe ds varxZr uydwiksa o ihtksehVj dh lajpuk dk fuekZ.k ,oa ty lalkèkuksa dh [kkst]
ewY;kadu ,oa fodkl djukA
zzis;ty ,oa vU; mn~ns'; gsrq uydwiksa o gSaMiaiksa dk fuekZ.k djokukA
zzljdkj dh O;fDrxr ykHk dh ;kstukvksa ds varxZr O;fDrxr ykHk nsus gsrq dq¡vksa dks foLiQksVu }kjk xgjk dj
ykHkkfUor djukA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa fdlkuksa ds fy;s 120 uydwi ,oa 337 gSaMiaiksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr losZ{k.k
,oa vuqlaèkku dk;ZØe ds varxZr 15,901 dq¡vksa dk losZ{k.k] 12,547 ty uewuksa dk ,d=khdj.k] 9,453 ty uewuksa ds
jklk;fud fo'ys"k.k ,oa 253 LFkkuksa ij Hkw&HkkSfrdh; losZ{k.k dk;Z iw.kZ gks pqds gSaA
iQly mRiknu ds iwokZuqeku ds fy;s ekSleh mit vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx djds vkSj Hkw&ty fLFkfr;ksa dh tkudkjh
iznku djds lw[kk izcaèku ds fy;s rduhdh tkudkjh iznku djus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; ty foKku ifj;kstuk fo'o cSad o
dsanz ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk gsrq uksMy foHkkx ty lalkèku foHkkx] jktLFkku gS ,oa Hkw&ty
foHkkx blesa lg;ksxh foHkkx gSA
bl ;kstuk ds varxZRk 150 ihtksehVj e; VsyheSfVªd fMftVy okVj ysoj fjdkWMZj (Mh-Mc;w-,y-vkj-) LFkkfir djus
dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k gSA bl ;kstuk esa jlk;u iz;ksx'kkykvksa gsrq midj.k [kjhnus dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k gSA bl ;kstuk
esa dsanz }kjk foÙk iksf"kr ` 712.50 yk[k O;; fd;s x, gSA
tyxzg.k fodkl
jktLFkku ns'k dk lcls cM+k jkT; gS] ftldk {ks=kiQy 343 yk[k gSDVs;j gS] tks ns'k ds dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy
dk 10.40 izfr'kr gSA blesa ls 168 yk[k gSDVs;j Hkwfe gh Ñf"k ;ksX; gSA jkT; dh 101 yk[k gSDVs;j Hkwfe catj gS]
tcfd jkT; esa dqy lzksrksa ls miyCèk ty dh ek=kk 1.16 izfr'kr gh gSA jkT; dh okf"kZd o"kkZ if'pe esa 100 feeh- ls
nf{k.k iwoZ esa 900 feeh- rd gksrh gSA lkekU;r% izR;sd 5 o"kZ esa 3 o"kZ vdky ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ vfuf'pr ,oa
vlkef;d o"kkZ vkSj mlds vlarqfyr forj.k ds dkj.k iQly mRiknu vlqjf{kr jgrk gSA dHkh&dHkh de le; esa
vfèkd o"kkZ gksus ls izkIr o"kkZ ty ds laxzg.k ds vHkko esa o"kkZ ty O;FkZ cg tkrk gS ,oa mldk leqfpr mi;ksx ugha
gksrk gSA blls Hkwty Lrj fxjrk tk jgk gS ,oa Ñf"k ;ksX; Hkwfe catj Hkwfe esa rCnhy gksrh tk jgh gSA
bl Hkh"k.k leL;k ds lekèkku gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkT; esa o"kkZ ty ds vfèkdre laxzg.k] laj{k.k ,oa miyCèk
ty dk U;k;ksfpr mi;ksx djus ds ifjizs{; esa ¶jktho xkaèkh ty lap; ;kstuk¸ izkjaHk djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA
¶jktho xkaèkh ty lap; ;kstuk¸ ds varxZr jkT; esa lapkfyr fofHkUu dsanzh; ,oa jkT; dh ;kstukvksa esa miyCèk foÙkh;
lalkèkuksa dk izHkkoh duotsZUl] fofHkUu ykbZu foHkkxksa ds leUo;] dkWiksZjsV txr] èkkfeZd VªLVksa ,oa lkekftd laxBuksa]
xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ,oa tulg;ksx ,oa jkT; ljdkj }kjk i`Foh ls ctV miyCèk djokdj dj ty laj{k.k ,oa ty
Hkjko lajpukvksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA
^jktho xkaèkh ty lap; ;kstuk* ds eq[; mn~ns';
zzty laj{k.k ds izfr tkx:drk iSnk djukA
zzfofHkUu foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dk duotsZUl dj ijaijkxr is;ty@ty lzksrksa dks iquthZfor djuk] uohu ty lzksrksa dk
fuekZ.k djuk ,oa ty laj{k.k o o"kkZ ty laxzg.k lajpukvksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u djukA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzxkaoksa
esa is;ty dh deh dks nwj djus gsrq ihus dk ikuh xkao@xkaoksa ds utnhd miyCèk djokus ds iz;kl djukA
zzHkw&ty Lrj esa o`f¼ djuk ,oa fxjrs Hkw&ty ds Lrj esa deh djukA
zzo"kkZ ty laxzg.k ,oa laj{k.k dj flafpr ,oa Ñf"k ;ksX; {ks=kiQy dks c<+kukA
zzl?ku o`{kkjksi.k dj jkT; esa gfjr {ks=k dks c<+kukA
eq[; xfrfofèk;k¡
zztyxzg.k {ks=k mipkj&VªsUpst] iQkeZ iks.M] feuh ijdksys'ku Vsad] [kM+hu tksgM+] <kadk NksVs ,uhdV] feV~Vh ds pSd
Mse ,oa ty laxzg.k <kaps vkfnA
zzy?kq flapkbZ ;kstuk ds dk;ks± dh ejEer] uohuhdj.k ,oa lqn`<+hdj.k dk;ZA
zziqjkus ty laxzg.k <kapksa dh {kerk c<+kus gsrq mudh ejEer ,oa iqu:¼kj@th.kksZ}kj is;ty lzksrksa dk lqn`<+hdj.kA
zzÑf=ke Hkw&ty iquHkZj.k lajpukvksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzpkjkxkg fodkl ,oa o`{kkjksi.kA
zziQly ,oa m|kfudh dh mUur vfxze fofèk;k¡ (fMªi] lksyj iai vkfn)A
jktho xkaèkh ty lap; ;kstuk ds izFke pj.k dk lw=kikr fnukad 20 vxLr] 2019 dks jkT; ds 33 f”kyksa ds lHkh
295 CykWdksa ds yxHkx 4000 xk¡oksa esa fd;k x;k gS] ftldh dk;Z vofèk 2 o"kZ fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gSA izFke pj.k ds varxZr
yxHkx 1.80 yk[k dk;Z fpfÉr fd;s x, gSa] ftudh ykxr yxHkx ` 2000 djksM+ gSA
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk (okVj'ksM daiksusaV) esa lfEefyr djrs gq, dsanz;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k dk vuqikr 60 : 40
fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA dsanzh;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k lfgr jkT; dks fnlacj] 2019 rd dqy ` 3,537.61 djksM+ izkIr gq, gSa] tks
dqy LohÑr jkf'k dk yxHkx 45.30 izfr'kr gSA bl ;kstuk ij ` 3,364.42 djksM+ O;; dj dqy 32.27 yk[k gSDVs;j
{ks=k mipkfjr fd;k x;kA
jkT; HkaMkj.k O;oLFkk
jktLFkku jkT; HkaMkj fuxe (vkj-,l-McY;w-lh-) dk eq[; dk;Z fdlkuksa] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa] O;kikfj;ksa] ljdkj ,oa
vU; laLFkkvksa ds Ñf"k mRiknksa] jklk;fud moZjd] cht] [kkn] Ñf"k ;a=k ,oa vU; fufnZ"V oLrqvksa ds oSKkfud i¼fr ls
HkaMkj.k gsrq jkT; esa xksnkeksa ,oa HkaMkj x`gksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA fuxe dh vfèkÑr va'k iwath ` 800 yk[k rFkk iznÙk
va'k iwath ` 785.26 yk[k gSA
fuxe jkT; ds 31 f”kyksa eas dqy vkSlr HkaMkj.k {kerk 15.50 yk[k eSfVªd Vu ds lkFk 93 HkaMkj x`g lapkfyr dj
jgk gS (ftlesa 11.31 yk[k eSfVªd Vu fuxe dh LofufeZr {kerk Hh lfEefyr gS)] ftudh o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku ekg
fnlacj] 2019 rd vkSlr HkaMkj.k {kerk 14.44 yk[k eSfVªd Vu jgh gS] tks fd HkaMkj.k {kerk dh dqy vkSlr mi;ksfxrk
dk 101 izfr'kg gSA fuxe }kjk HkaMkj.k 'kqYd esa vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds Ñ"kdksa dks 70 izfr'kr] vU; Ñ"kdksa dks
60 izfr'kr ,oa lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 10 izfr'kr NwV iznku dh tk jgh gS] tks fd dsanz vkSj vU; jkT;ksa ds HkaMkj.k
fuxekas dh rqyuk esa lokZfèkd gSA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku fuxe }kjk 16,350 eSfVd Vu HkaMkj.k {kerk dk fuekZ.k dk;Z
fd;k x;k ,oa fnlacj] 2019 rd 4.54 yk[k eSfVªd Vu HkaMkj.k {kerk fuekZ.kkèkhu gSA
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ls lkr fyÝV ugjsa fudkyh xbZ gSa tks fd fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
ozQ-la- orZeku uke iqjkuk uke ykHkkfUor f”kys
1. pkSèkjh dqaHkkjke vk;Z fyÝV ugj uksgj&lkgck fyÝV ugj guqekux<+] pq:] chdkusj] >qU>quw¡
2. daojlsu fyÝV ugj chdkusj yw.kdj.klj fyÝV ugj Jhxaxkuxj] chdkusj
39
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3. iUukyky ck:iky fyÝV ugj xtusj fyÝV ugj chdkusj] ukxkSj
4. ohj rstkth fyÝV ugj ckaxM+lj fyÝV ugj chdkusj
5. MkW- dj.kh¯lg fyÝV ugj dksyk;r fyÝV ugj chdkusj] tksèkiqj] tSlyesj
6. xq# taHks'oj fyÝV ugj iQykSnh fyÝV ugj tksèkiqj] chdkusj] tSlyesj
7. t; ukjk;.k O;kl fyÝV ugj iksdj.k fyÝV ugj tksèkiqj] tSlyesj
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk ls mÙkjh o if'peh jktLFkku ds 10 f”kyksa esa is;ty ,oa ¯lpkbZ gsrq ty miyCèk gksrk
gSA ;s f”kys gSa& guqekux<+] Jhxaxkuxj] pq:] >qU>quw¡] ukxkSj] chdkusj] tSlyesj] ckM+esj] lhdj vkSj tksèkiqjA
bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk dh eq[; is;ty ifj;kstuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
1. daojlsu fyÝV ifj;kstuk& ;g fyÝV ugj chdkusj 'kgj ,oa chdkusj rFkk Jhxaxkuxj ds 228 xk¡oksa dks is;ty
dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkrh gSA chdkusj f”kys dh yw.kdjulj rglhy esa ¯lpkbZ lqfoèkk Hkh miyCèk djkrh gSA bl
fyÝV ugj dh dqy yackbZ 179.72 fdeh- gS rFkk ;g jktLFkku dh lcls yach fyÝV ugj ifj;kstuk gSA
2. jktho xkaèkh fyÝV ugj ;kstuk (tksèkiqj fyÝV ugj ;kstuk) tksèkiqj 'kgj lfgr f”kys ds 158 xk¡oksa dks is;ty
lqfoèkk bl fyÝV ugj }kjk miyCèk gksrh gSA tksèkiqj dh izeq[k dk;ykuk >hy dks Hkh bl fyÝV ugj }kjk tykiw£r
dh tkrh gSA
3. vki.kh ;kstuk (xaèksyh&lkgck ifj;kstuk) guqekux<+] pq:] >qa>wuaw f”kyksa ds 370 xk¡oksa esa LoPN is;ty dh lqfoèkk
vki.kh ;kstuk }kjk miyCèk djkbZ tkrh gSA ;g ;kstuk teZuh dh KFW daiuh ds foÙkh; lg;ksx ls izkjaHk dh
xbZ FkhA
ty laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa iz;kl (Efforts made in water conservation)

ljdkj ds Lrj ij
ljdkj dks ty fudk;ksa tSlsµ ckaèk] ugjksa vkfn dh le;kuqlkj ejEer] uohuhdj.k] ty fudk;ksa dh HkaMkj.k {kerk
esa o`f¼] Hkwty iquHkZj.k gsrq ubZ izfofèk;ksa dh miyfCèk vkfn dk;Z djus pkfg;sA 'kgjh {ks=kksa eas ty ds vfu;af=kr iz;ksx
dks jksdus ds fy;s dkuwu cukuk] vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V ty ds mipkj gsrq mfpr O;oLFkk djuk] m|ku fuekZ.k rFkk
o`{kkjksi.k dk;ZØeksa dks izksRlkfgr djus tSls dk;Z djus pkfg;sA
jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk ty laj{k.k ,oa ty laxzg.k dks c<+kok nsus gsrq egÙokdka{kh ;kstukµ eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu
vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr 27 tuojh] 2016 dks dh xbZA bl vfHk;ku dk eq[; mn~ns'; xk¡oksa dks ty vkRefuHkZj cukuk
gSA vkxkeh 3 o"kks± esa jkT; ds 21,000 ls vfèkd xk¡oksa dks ty Lokoyach cukuk bl vfHk;ku dk y{; gSA
ty izcaèku ds vU; iz;kl
zzjktLFkku ty lalkèku fu;ked izkfèkdj.k dh LFkkiuk lu~ 2013 eas dh xbZA
zzfo'o cSad dh lgk;rk ls flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds iqu#¼kj o lrgh ty lalkèkuksa ds fodkl ,oa dq'ky ty izcaèku
gsrq jktLFkku ty {ks=k iqu% lajpuk ifj;kstuk 2002 bZ- esa izkjaHk dh xbZ FkhA
zz2010 eas jkT; dh ûbZ ty uhfr* tkjh dh xbZA uhfr ds varxZr ^ty tkx`fr vfHk;ku* ds ekè;e ls izns'k esa
cw¡n&cw¡n ty ds lnqi;ksx] cpr ,oa laxzg.k ds izpkj&izlkj gsrq fofoèk lkèkuksa dk iz;ksx djuk fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA
zzizèkkuea=kh
Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk ds varxZr ty fudk;ksa dh ejEer] uohuhdj.k vkSj iquLFkkZiu (Repair, Renovation
& Restoration–RRR) gsrq tuojh 2016 esa fn'kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd;s x, gSaA
40
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzukckMZ ds lg;ksx ls iQkWj okWVj voèkkj.kk ds dk;Z dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk jgk gS ftlls fuEufyf[kr ykHk gksaxsA
lrgh ty lzksrksa esa ty o`f¼
Hkwfexr tyLrj esa o`f¼
o"kkZ ty dk laj{k.k ,oa laxzg.k
feV~Vh dh Åijh lrg dh vknZzrk esa o`f¼A
lekt ds Lrj ij
lekzz t dks ty dh lhferrk ,oa ty ladV ls gksus okys [krjksa ds izfr tkx:d djuk pkfg;sA bl gsrq Lo;alsoh
laxBuksa dh Hkwfedk egÙoiw.kZ gSA ty ds cqf¼erkiw.kZ mi;ksx ds lkFk gh ty] taxy vkSj ”kehu ds ijaijkxr fj'rs dks
iquthZfor fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA lw[kh ufn;ksa esa iqu% tyHkj.k] o"kkZ ty ds laxzg.k ,oa o`{kkjksi.k tSls iz;klksa dks tufiz;
cukuk pkfg;sA
okWVjeSu ds uke ls izfl¼ rFkk jseu eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk Jh jktsUnz flag us ^tksgM+ i¼fr* dks yksdfiz; cuk
fn;k gSA jkT; esa NksVs&NksVs ,uhdV o rkykcksa dk fuekZ.k dj flapkbZ djus dh i¼fr tksgM+ i¼fr dgykrh gSA budk
eq[; dk;Z {ks=k iwohZ jktLFkku (vyoj) gSA
O;fDr ds Lrj ij
vkèkqfud thou 'kSyh ds dkj.k ty dk Hkkjh ek=kk esa viO;; gks jgk gSA ty ds ferO;f;rkiw.kZ ,oa foosdiw.kZ
mi;ksx }kjk O;fDr vklkuh ls 200 yhVj rd ty cpk ldrk gSA jktLFkku esa ty laj{k.k dh vusd ijaijkxr iz.kkfy;k¡
izpfyr gSaA ;gk¡ ty lap; dh ijaijk lkekftd O;oLFkk ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA ;gk¡ ty Lkzksrksa dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA ijaijkxr
ty izcaèku dh iz.kkfy;ksa dks iquthZfor djuk c<+rh ty vko';drk gsrq vrho vko';d gSA
vè;k;&5
^ jktLFkku dh tyok;q* ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
jktLFkku dh tyok;q dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

o"kkZ Írq (15 twu ls 15 flracj)
bl Írq ds le; mÙkj&if'peh Hkkjr rFkk ikfdLrku esa fuEu nkc dk {ks=k cuk gksrk gS] ftls ekulwu xrZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA jktLFkku esa Hkh twu ds var rd ekulwu nLrd ns nsrk gSA jktLFkku esa ekulwu lcls igys ck¡lokM+k
f”kys esa izos'k djrk gSA jktLFkku esa o"kkZ Írq dh vofèk dkiQh de gksrh gSA o"kkZ Írq esa gh jktLFkku esa laiw.kZ o"kkZ
dk 90% izkIr gks tkrk gSA
jktLFkku esa U;wu o"kkZ gksus dk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd vjc lkxjh; ekulwu dh fn'kk nf{k.k&if'pe ls mÙkj&iwoZ
gksrh gSA vjkoyh ioZrekyk ds lekukarj gksus ds dkj.k ekulwu lhèks fudy tkrk gS] ftlls de o"kkZ izkIr gksrh gSA
blds vykok caxky dh [kkM+h ds ekulwu esa jktLFkku rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs ueh esa deh gksus yxrh gS ftlls i;kZIr o"kkZ
ugha gksrh gS] ijarq fiQj Hkh jktLFkku dk ok£"kd o"kkZ dk vkSlr 57.51 lseh- gSA
41
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku esa o"kkZ esa cM+h vfuf'prrk o vfu;ferrk ikbZ tkrh gSA jktLFkku esa 40 lseh- o"kkZ dh ekid
js[kk bls nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr djrh gSA blds if'pe esa fLFkr f”kyksa esa lw[kk jgrk gSA tSlyesj esa o"kkZ 10 lseh- ls 20
lseh- ds chp gksrh gSA chdkusj] ckM+esj esa 20 lseh- ls 30 lseh- o"kkZ gksrh gSA ogha 40 lseh- o"kkZ js[kk ds iwoZ esa o"kkZ
40 lseh- ls vfèkd gksrh gS] >kykokM+] fljksgh esa 90 lseh- ls vfèkd o"kkZ gksrh gSA

42
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
'kjn Írq (15 flracj ls 15 fnlacj) [Autumn (15 September to 15 December)]
bls ykSVrs gq, ekulwu dk ekSle Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fnu esa mPp rkieku o jkf=k esa de rkieku bl Írq dh
fo'ks"krk gksrh gSA o"kkZ Írq dk lekiu ,dk,d u gksdj ozQfed :i ls gksrk gSA bl le; vfèkdre rkieku 30° ls
35° ls- vkSj U;wure 20° ls- rd gks tkrk gSA ;g ekulwu ds ykSVus dk le; gksrk gSA nhikoyh ds ckn ^xqykch lnhZ*
'kq: gks tkrh gSA bl nkSjku ykSVrh gqbZ gok,¡ dqN Hkkxksa esa gYdh o"kkZ dj nsrh gSaA
vè;k;&6
îzkÏfrd ouLifr ,oa e`nk,¡ * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
ou fjiksVZ] 2019
nsgjknwu fLFkr Hkkjrh; ou loZs{k.k (Forest Survey of India) }kjk ou ,oa ou lalkèkuksa ds vkdyu ds fy;s 1987
ls çR;sd nks o"kZ ij lqnwj laosnu (Remote Sensing) vkèkkfjr mixzg fp=k.k ds ekè;e ls ns'k esa ouksa ,oa o`{kksa dh
fLFkfr ij Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ tkjh dh tkrh gSA blh Øe esa Hkkjrh; nwj&laosnh mixzg (IRS Resourcesat&2 LISS
III Satellite) ls ekg vDVwcj ls fnlEcj] 2017 dh vofèk esa çkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ
(India State of Forest Report)&2019 tkjh dh xbZ tks bl Jà•yk esa 16oha fjiksVZ gSA bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj jktLFkku
jkT; ds Øe esa çdkf'kr lwpuk ds eq[; va'k fuEukuqlkj gSa%
43
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Ø-la- oSèkkfud fLFkfr {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-) izfr'kr
1. vkjf{kr ou (Reserved Forest) 12475 38.11
2. jf{kr ou (Protected Forest) 18217 55.64
3. voxhZÑr ou (Unclassed Forest) 2045 6.25
dqy ;ksx 32737 100.00
Ø-la- oxZ {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-) izfr'kr

1. vR;ar l?ku ou (VDF) 77.81 0.02
2. eè;e l?ku ou (MDF) 4341.90 1.27
3. [kqys ou (OF) 12209.80 3.57
dqy ;ksx 16629.51 4.86
>kfM+;k 4760.04 1.39
oxZ fo'ks"krk,
vkjf{kr ou vkjf{kr ouksa esa ydM+h dkVuk] i'kqpkj.k] vkokxeu iw.kZr% fu"ksèk gksrk gSA
vkjf{kr ou dk izcaèku iz'kklu }kjk lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls gksrk gSA
lajf{kr ou bu ouksa dk izcaèku iz'kklu dh ns[k&js[k esa fd;k tkrk gSAlajf{kr ouksa esa i'kqpkj.k o vkokxeu dh
vuqefr jgrh gS rFkk fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa iz'kklfud vuqefr }kjk isM+dkVus dh lqfoèkk ou fuokfl;ksa
dks jgrh gSA
voxhZÑr ou bu ouksa esa i'kqpkj.k] ou dkVus vkSj vkokxeu dh lqfoèkk jgrh gSA
jkT; dk f”kysokj oukoj.k (District–wise forest coverage)

Hkkjrh; ou losZ{k.k laLFkku (iQkWjsLV losZ vkWiQ bafM;k) }kjk izdkf'kr Hkkjr dh ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ] 2019(LVsV vkWiQ iQkWjsLV
fjiksVZ] 2019) ds vuqlkj jkT; esa f”kysokj oukoj.k dh fLFkfr fuEukuqlkj gS%µ
HkkSxksfyd HkkSxksfyd {ks=k

uke f”kyk oukoj.k (oxZ fdeh-) ifjorZu >kM+h ou
{ks=kiQy dk izfr'kr
vR;ar lkekU;
[kqys ou dqy
l?ku ou l?ku ou
vtesj 8,481 0 43 262.11 305.11 3.60 6.11 204.64
vyoj 8,380 59 334.96 802.70 1,196.6 14.28 -0.34 245.66
ck¡lokM+k
4,522 0 38.57 229.85 268.42 5.94 7.42 63.45

44
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ckjka 6,992 0 154.89 856.10 1010.9 14.46 -2.01 106.56
ckM+esj 2,8387 0 3.85 285.94 289.79 1.02 16.79 234.23
Hkjriqj 5,066 0 22 208.27 230.27 4.55 1.27 77.93
HkhyokM+k 10,455 0 31 193.19 224.19 2.14 3.19 176.39
chdkusj 30,239 0.88 27.23 227.50 255.61 0.85 8.61 51.86
cw¡nh 5,776 1 137.93 418.25 557.18 9.65 -0.82 151.62
fpÙkkSM+x<+ 7,822 0 220.55 768.25 988.80 12.64 -0.20 100.09
pw: 13,835 0 3 79 82 0.59 0 22
nkSlk 3,432 0 12 105 117 3.41 0 99
èkkSyiqj 3,033 0 80 339 419 13.81 0 75.40
Mw¡xjiqj 3,770 0 42.71 259.59 302.30 8.02 11.30 75.35
xaxkuxj 10,978 0 10 102.92 112.92 1.03 -0.08 13
guqekux<+ 9,656 1 7 81.96 89.96 0.93 -0.04 1
t;iqj 11,143 12 97.11 443.65 552.76 4.96 0.76 285.39
tSlyesj 38,401 3.93 51.13 270.71 325.77 0.85 12.77 213.27
tkykSj 10,640 0 18.91 249.16 268.07 2.52 -6.93 250.89
>kykokM+ 6,219 0 83 356.56 435.58 7.00 -3.42 102.34
>qU>qu¡w 5,928 0 21 179 200.77 3.39 4.77 186.72
tksèkiqj 22,850 0 4.55 103.22 107.78 0.47 2.78 172.71
djkSyh 5,524 0 95 775 870 15.75 0 273
dksVk 5,217 0 153.62 393.11 546.73 10.48 -3.27 135.17
ukxkSj 17,718 0 15 132.04 147.04 0.83 4.04 102.32
ikyh 12,387 0 209.94 464.91 674.85 5.45 0.85 323.64
izrkix<+ 4,449 0 562.54 475.37 1,037.9 23.33 -6.09 58.73
jktlean 4,655 0 134.91 386.88 521.79 11.21 10.79 124.23
lokbZ ekèkksiqj 4,498 0 153.92 308.77 462.69 10.29 -3.31 119.67
lhdj 7,732 0 31 162.06 193.06 2.50 1.06 202.34
fljksgh 5,136 0 300.74 611.17 911.91 17.76 -2.09 229.36
Vksad 7,194 0 26.94 138.12 165.06 2.29 0.06 57.73
mn;iqj 11,724 0 1,213.88 1,543.66 2,757.5 23.51 -6.46 224.36
dqy ;ksx 3,42,239 77.81 4,341.90 12,209.8 16,629.5 4.86 57.51 4,760.04

45
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku ds 'kh"kZ ik¡p oukoj.k okys ftys
ftys dqy ou {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
mn;iqj 2757.54
vyoj 1196.66
izrkix<+ 1037.91
ckjka 1010.99
fpÙkkSM+x<+ 988.80
jktLFkku ds U;wure ik¡p oukoj.k okys ftys

ftys dqy ou {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-)
pw: 82
guqekux<+ 89.96
tksèkiqj 107.78
xaxkuxj 112.92
nkSlk 117
jktLFkku ds 'kh"kZ ik¡p ou vkoj.k izfr'kr okys ftys

ftys ou vkoj.k izfr'kr
mn;iqj 23.51
izrkix<+ 23.33
fljksgh 17.76
djkSyh 15.75
ckjka 14.46
jktLFkku ds U;wure ik¡p ou vkoj.k izfr'kr okys ftyss

ftys ou vkoj.k izfr'kr
tksèkiqj 0.47
pw: 0.59
ukxkSj 0.83
chdkusj@tSlyesj 0.85
guqekux<+ 0.93
lzksr% ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ] 2019

46
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku jkT; esa ftysokj ou {ks=k dk oxhZdj.k ({ks=kiQy&oxZ fdeh esa)
31 ekpZ 2019 dh fLFkfr vuqlkj
Ø-la- ftys dk uke vkjf{kr ou jf{kr ou voxhZÑr ou dqy ou Hkwfe

1. vtesj 194.99 421.69 1.89 618.57
2. HkhyokM+k 438.40 289.62 67.48 795.50
3. ukxkSj 0.80 206.28 35.32 242.40
4. Vksad 101.42 233.76 1.77 336.94
5. chdkusj 0.00 755.26 495.41 1250.67
6. pq: 7.20 48.58 17.96 73.73
7. Jh xaxkuxj 0.00 238.42 395.02 633.44
8. guqekux<+ 0.00 113.37 126.09 239.46
9. Hkjriqj 28.73 393.25 12.97 434.94
10. èkkSyiqj 7.92 597.73 44.03 649.68
11. djkSyh 62.99 1693.13 53.93 1810.05
12. lokbZekèkksiqj 834.83 118.16 22.01 975.00
13. t;iqj 678.38 263.17 4.94 946.49
14. >qa>quw 6.02 399.33 0.00 405.36
15. lhdj 9.92 622.40 9.22 641.54
16. vyoj 1010.78 640.33 133.55 1784.66
17. nkSlk 134.87 149.26 0.36 284.49
18. tksèkiqj 4.68 184.99 55.46 245.13
19. ckMesj 20.30 568.81 48.10 637.21
20. tSlyesj 0.00 239.85 342.17 582.01
21. tkykSj 126.13 299.97 83.89 509.99
22. ikyh 816.56 144.82 2.21 963.58
23. fljksgh 614.04 985.43 42.56 1642.03
24. dksVk 879.50 436.16 20.53 1336.19
25. ckajk 0.00 2233.03 15.82 2248.84
26. cwUnh 867.76 680.85 19.25 1567.86
27. >kykokM 314.72 946.60 25.39 1286.72

47
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
28. mn;iqj 2449.60 1440.28 13.21 3903.09
29. ckalokMk 0.00 1006.33 0.66 1007.00
30. fpÙkkSM+x< 1200.15 571.20 0.75 1772.10
31. Mwxajiqj 257.08 435.71 0.51 693.30
32. izrkix<+ 907.12 1018.02 0.62 1925.75
33. jktlaen 277.41 119.20 4.98 401.58
dqy ;ksx 12252.28 18494.98 2098.05 32845.30
vè;k;&7
ôU; tho ,oa tSo fofo/krk * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
oU; tho laj{k.k (Wildlife Conservation)

oU; tho laj{k.k ,oa izcaèku (Wildlife conservation and management)
o"kZ 2019&20 ds nkSjku egÙoiw.kZ xfrfofèk;k¡
jkT; esa fLFkr lajf{kr {ks=kksa dk foÙkh; iks"k.k dsanzh; izofrZr ;kstuk “Integrated Development of Wild Life
Habitats” ,oa “Project Tiger” ds rgr ou] i;kZoj.k ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
¶bUVhxzsVsM MsoyiesaV vkWiQ okbZYM ykbZiQ gSfcVkV~l¸

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk bl ;kstuk dk iQafMax iSVuZ o"kZ 2015&16 ls ifjofrZr dj 60% fgLlk dsanz dk ,oa 40% jkT;
fgLlk fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa bl ;kstuk ds varxZr Hkkjr ljdkj ls 29 lajf{kr {ks=kksa dh okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk
varxZr dqy :i;s 1637-19 yk[k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr oU; tho laj{k.k ds fy;s
bUizQkLVªDpj MsoyiesaV] gSfcVkV MsoyiesaV] okVj ikWbZUVl] iQk;j ykbZUl nhokj fuekZ.k bR;kfn dk;Z djok;s tk jgs gSaA
j.kFkEHkkSj] lfjLdk ,oa eqdUnjk fgYl VkbZxj fj”koZ
zzjkT; esa fLFkr lajf{kr {ks=kksa dk foÙk iksf"kr dsanz izofrZr ;kstuk “Project Tiger” ds rgr ou] i;kZoj.k ,oa tyok;q
ifjorZu ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa dsanz ljdkj }kjk bl en esa #i;s 2477.42
yk[k dk izkoèkku LohÑr fd;k x;k gSA
zzj.kFkEHkkSj gsrq Lis'ky VkbZxj izksVsD'ku iQkslZ dk xBu dj 66 iqfyl dfeZ;ksa (1 fujh{kd rFkk 65 dkaLVscy) dks
lqj{kk dk;ks± ij yxk fn;k x;k gSA lfjLdk eqdUnjk fgYl VkbZxj fjtoZ ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ls STPF ds xBu gsrq
MoU gLrk{kfjr djk fy;k x;k gSA buds fy;s HkrhZ dh dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh gSA
zzck?k ifj;kstuk j.kFkEHkkSj] eqdUnjk ,oa lfjLdk esa lqj{kk dks lqn`<+ djus gsrq vko';drkuqlkj gkse xkM~Zl dh rSukrh
dh tkrh gSA
zzck?k ifj;kstuk j.kFkEHkkSj esa orZeku esa 55 ck?k ,oa 16 'kkod gSaA
zzck?k ifj;kstuk] lfjLdk esa j.kFkEHkkSj ls ck?kksa ds Vªkalyksds'ku ds i'pkr budh fujUrj ekWfuVfjax dh tk jgh gSA
lfjLdk esa orZeku esa 16 ck?k gSA
48
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzeqdUnjk fgYl VkbZxj fjtoZ esa j.kFkEHkkSj ls ,d ck?k ,oa 2 ckf?kuksa dks LFkkukUrfjr fd;k x;k gS tcfd ,d ck?k
Lor% j.kFkEHkkSj ls eqdUnjk ig¡qpk gSA
zzlfjLdk ck?k ifj;kstuk ds Critical Tiger Habitat {ks=k esa 29 xkao gSA Hkxkuh ,oa mejh xkao dks o"kZ 2008&09 esa
rFkk jksVD;kyk dks o"kZ 2012&13 esa dqy 3 xkaoksa esa lfjLdk ls ckgj foLFkkfir dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk 6 xzkeksa esa
;g dk;Z izxfrjr gSA
zzj.kFkEHkkSj ck?k ifj;kstuk ds Critical Tiger Habitat {ks=k esa 65 xkao gSA VkbZxj fjtoZ ls o"kZ 2008&09 esa xzke
b.Mkyk] o"kZ 2009&10 esa ekpudh] o"kZ 2011&12 esa xzke iknMk] o"kZ 2012&13 esa eksj Mwaxjh rFkk o"kZ 2014&15
esa fHkM+ rFkk o"kZ 2015&16 esa dBwyh xzke dqy 6 xzkeksa dks iw.kZ :i ls foLFkkfir dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk 8 xzkeksa
esa foLFkkiu izxfrjr gSA
zzeqdUnjk fgYl VkbZxj fj”koZ esa dqy 16 xzke fLFkr gS] ftlesa 14 xzkeksa dks foLFkkfir fd;k tk,xkA buesa ls 4 xzke
dk foLFkkiuk izxfrjr gSA
zzjkT; esa fLFkr ck?k fjtoZ {ks=kksa ds fy;s ikfjfLFkfrdh; i;ZVu] ikfjfLFkfrdh; fodkl dk;ZØeksa ,oa ck?k@tSo fofoèkrk
ds laj{k.k ds fy;s rFkk buds izcaèku dks ljy vkSj ikjn'khZ cukus gsrq ck?k laj{k.k iQkmaMs'ku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ
gSA iQkmaMs'ku dk izeq[k mís'; lHkh LVsd gksYMlZ dh Hkkxhnkjh ds ekè;e ls ck?k@tSo fofoèkrk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s
ck?k fjtoZ izcaèku dks ljy cukuk vkSj lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA
zzlajf{kr {ks=kksa esa i;ZVdksa ds fy;s vkWu ykbZu cqfdax] rRdky cqfdax lsok;sa] vkèkk o iwjk fnu Hkze.k vkfn O;oLFkk;sa
dh xbZ gSaA
zzck?kksa dh c<+rh la[;k dks ns[krs gq, buds fy;s u, {ks=k fodflr djus gsrq ,d j.kuhfr i=k jkT; ljdkj }kjk
LohÑr fd;k x;k gSA ftldh fØ;kfUofr dh tk jgh gSA jkex<+ fo"kèkkjh o dqEHkyx<+ esa ck?kksa ds iquZLFkkiu dh
;kstuk fopkjkèkhu gSA
izkstsDV cLVMZ
jkT; i{kh xksMko.k ds laj{k.k gsrq Hkh fo'ks"k iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA jkT; ljdkj }kjk ¶izkstsDV cLVMZ¸ ds varxZr
Dykstj dk fuekZ.k djds vkJ; LFkyksa dks fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g ekuk tk jgk gS fd blds ifj.kkeLo:i
xksMko.k dk iztuu gqvk gSA jkT; ljdkj] Hkkjr ljdkj o Hkkjrh; oU;tho laLFkku ds eè; gq, djkj ds vuqlkj
xksMko.k ds laj{k.k gsrq ,d ¶dsfIVo czhfMax lsUVj¸ dh LFkkiuk ckjka ds lksjlu {ks=k esa ,oa bldk lsVsykbZV isQflfyVh
tSlyesj esa dh tk,xhA orZeku esa le pkSdh ij ,d vLFkkbZ O;oLFkk dj xksMko.k ds 9 pwtksa dk Ñf=ke iztuu dj
mudk ikyu iks"k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA blh djkj ds rgr [kjeksj dk Hkh Ñf=ke iztuu fd;k tkuk gSA
dUtosZ'ku fjtoZ
izns'k esa 14 dUtosZ'ku fjtoZ ?kksf"kr djk;s x, gS] o"kZ 2019 esa eulk ekrk {ks=k dks dUtosZ'ku fjtoZ ?kksf"kr djk;k
x;k gSA
izkstsDV ysiMZ
jkT; esa iSUFkj dh la[;k esa dkiQh c<+ksÙkjh gqbZ gS] ftlds dkj.k budk izcaèku vko';d gSaA iSaFkj laj{k.k ds fy;s
,d ;kstuk ¶izkstsDV ySiMZ¸ rS;kj dj LohÑr dh xbZ gSA ;g ;kstuk >kykuk t;iqj esa fØ;kUo;fur dh tk jgh gSA
>kykuk {ks=k esa ysiMZ liQkjh izkjEHk dh xbZ tgka i;ZVdksa dk vkxeu gqvk gSA bl o"kZ jkT; ;kstuk ds rgr cjlh] vkcw
ioZr] t;leUn vkfn esa bldk dk;Z djk;k tk jgk gSa 'ksjx<+] [ksrM+h] dqEHkyx<+ vkfn {ks=kksa esa dSEik en eSa izkstsDV
ySiMZ ds leku xfrfofèk;k¡ djkbZ tk jgh gSA
49
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
bZdks&V~;wfjTe
izns'k esa lajf{kr {ks=kksa ,oa muds lehi fodflr dh xbZ 9 bZdks&V~;wfjTe lkbZV~l esuky] gehjx<+] cLlh] lhrkekrk]
iapdq.M] lqUèkkekrk] xq<k fo'kuksbZ] eqdUnjk fgYl jk"Vªh; m|ku] ,oa HkSaljksMx< dks vketu ds Hkze.k gsrq [kksyk x;k
gSA bu lkbZV~l ij i;ZVdksa }kjk jsLV gkmQl ,oa VSUV~l esa jkf=k foJke ,oa Ms V~;wfjTe gsrq izokl] 'kS{kf.kd Hkze.k] ,MosUpj
LiksVZ~l] dSfEiax dh lqfoèkk,a iznku dh tk jghA o"kZ 2019&20 esa bZdks&Vw;wfjTe gsrq 50 yk[k #i;s dk izkoèkku gSA
i{kh esyk
fofHkUu LFkyksa ij i{kh esyk (cMZ isQ;j) dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlls if{k;ksa ,oa oU;tho laj{k.k ds lacaèk
esa tkx:drk c<+h gSA
bZdks&lsfUlfVo tksu
lHkh lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds pkjksa vksj 24 bZdks&lsfUlfVo tksu ?kksf"kr djk;s tkus dh dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh gS] ftlesa ls
vkB {ks=kksa ds iQkbZuy ukWfVfiQds'ku tkjh dj fn;s x, gSaA
izkstsDV ,yhisQ.V
bl ;kstuk ds vèkhu dsanz ljdkj }kjk t;iqj esa jg jgs ikyrw gkfFk;ksa ds fy;s o"kZ 2019&20 gsrq jkf'k #i;s
74 yk[k dh okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk LohÑr dh xbZ gSA
fpfM+;k?kj
zzekfp;k tSfod m|ku] tksèkiqj dks i;ZVdksa ds fy;s 20.01.2016 dks [kksyk x;k FkkA m|ku esa o"kZ 2018&19 esa
3.62 yk[k i;ZVdksa us Hkze.k fd;k] ftlls :i;s 101.88 yk[k #i;s dk jktLo izkIr gqvkA
zzlTtux<+ tSfod m|ku] mn;iqj dks fnukad 12.04.2015 dks i;ZVdksa ds fy;s [kksyk x;k FkkA m|ku esa o"kZ 2018&19
esa 3.17 yk[k i;ZVdksa us Hkze.k fd;k] ftlls :i;s 84.12 yk[k #i;s dk jktLo izkIr gqvkA
zzukgjx<+ tSfod m|ku] t;iqj dks fnukad 04-06-2016 dks i;ZVdksa ds fy;s [kksyk x;k FkkA m|ku esa o"kZ 2018&19
esa 5.26 yk[k i;ZVdksa us Hkze.k fd;k] ftlls #i;s 261.05 yk[k #i;s dk jktLo izkIr gqvkA ukgjx<+ tSfod m|ku
{ks=k ds lehi 36-32 gSDVs;j esa ,d yk;u liQkjh dks vketu ds fy;s 03-10-2018 dks [kksyk x;k FkkA og t;iqj
esa dkiQh yksdfiz; LFky gSA gky gh esa ,d fgIiksa dk tksM+k Hkh tSfod m|ku esa yk;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr gkFkh
liQkjh dh O;oLFkk Hkh dh xbZ gSA
zzt;iqj tUrqvky; esa Hkh bl o"kZ 5-19 yk[k i;ZVd vk,] ftuls #i;s 101-4 yk[k dh vk; gqbZA
zzblh izdkj chdkusj esa e:èkjk tSfod m|ku o dksVk esa vHksM+k tSfod m|ku dk fuekZ.k djok;k tk jgk gSA vtesj
esa iq"dj esa tSfod m|ku cukus gsrq dsanzh; tUrqvky; izkfèkdj.k ls LohÑfr yh tk jgh gSA
jktLFkku ds jk"Vªh; m|ku ,oa oU; tho vHk;kj.;

og izkÑfrd LFkku tgk¡ tho&tarqvksa dks izkÑfrd vkokl esa gh lajf{kr j[kk tkrk gS] mls jk"Vªh; m|ku dgrs gSaA
Hkkjr dk igyk jk"Vªh; m|ku gsyh us'kuy ikdZ Fkk] ftls orZeku esa fte dkWcsZV jk"Vªh; m|ku ds :i esa tkurs gSaA
orZeku esa jktLFkku esa jk"Vªh; m|kuksa dh la[;k 3 gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gaSµ
50
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
1. j.kFkaHkkSj oU;tho vHk;kj.;
2. dsoyknso (?kuk) jk"Vªh; m|kUu
3. eqdanjk fgYl jk"Vªh; m|kUu
buds vfrfjDr jktLFkku ds vU; oU; tho vHk;kj.; ,oa lajf{kr {ks=k fuEu gSaµ
4. caèkckjsBk 5. lfjLdk 6. jk"Vªh; e# m|ku 7. jkex<+ fo"kèkkjh 8. dslj ckx 9. jke lkxj 10. ou fogkj
11. dSyk nsoh 12. lhrkekrk 13. HkSaljksM+x<+ 14. 'ksjx< 15. njkZ 16. tokgj lkxj 17. jk"Vªh; pcay ?kfM+;ky
18. cLlh 19. rky Nkij 20. ukgjx<+ 21. teok jkex<+ 22. lTtux<+ 23. iqQyokjh dh uky 24. VkVx<+ jkoyh
25. t;lean 26. dqaHkyx<+ 27. ekmaQV vkcw 28. lokbZ ekuflag 29. lfjLdk ^v*
izeq[k datjoZs'ku fj”koZ

chlyiqj dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ Vksad 48.31 2008
tksMchM xk<okyk dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ chdkusj 56.47 2008
lqaèkkekrk dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ tkyksj] fljksgh 117.49 2008
xq<k fo'uksbZ;ku dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ tksèkiqj 2.31 2011
'kkdEHkjh dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ lhdj] >qU>quw¡ 131.00 2012
xksxsyko dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ ukxkSj 3.58 2012
chM >qU>quw¡ dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ >qU>quw¡ 10.47 2012
jksVw dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ ukxkSj 0.73 2012
mEesnxat i{kh fogkj dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ dksVk 2.72 2012

51
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
tokbZ ckaèk ysiMZ dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ ikyh 19.79 2013
ckafl;ky&[ksrM+h dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ >qU>quw¡ 70.18 2017
ckafl;ky&[ksrM+h&ckxkSj dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ >qU>quw¡ 39.66 2018
tokbZ ckaèk ysiMZ dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ&II ikyh 61.98 2018
eUlkekrk dUtosZ'ku fj”koZ >qU>quw¡ 102.31 2019
;ksx 667.01
Vkbxj fj”koZ
j.kFkckSj Vkbxj fj”koZ lokbZekèkksiqj] djkSyh] c¡nh Vksad 1411.29
lfjLdk Vkbxj fj”koZ vyoj] t;iqj 1213.34
eqdqanjk fgYl Vkbxj fj”koZ dksVk] cw¡nh >kykokM+] fpÙkkSMx<+ 759.99
tSo fofoèkrk (Biodiversity)

tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds varjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl
(International efforts for biodiversity conservation)
fo'o esa tSo fofoèkrk dk rhozxfr ls ßkl gks jgk gSA blh dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fo'o leqnk; us varjkZ"Vªh; izÑfr
,oa izkÑfrd lalkèku laj{k.k laxBu (IUCN) dk xBu 1948 bZ- esa fd;kA ;g laxBu fofHkUu izdkj ds i`"Bksa ds ekè;e
ls jsM MkVk cqd dk izdk'ku djrk gS ,oa blds ekè;e ls ladV] nqyZHk ,oa yqIr gks jgs tho ,oa ouLifr;ksa dh lwph
tkjh dh tkrh gSA
jsM MkVk cqd (Red data book)

bls yky vk¡dM+ksa dh iqLrd dgrs gSaA blds varxZr 5 jaxksa ds vyx&vyx i`"Bksa dk izdk'ku gksrk gS] ftlesa
tho&tarqvksa ,oa ouLifr;ksa dh orZeku fLFkfr dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gS rFkk blds ekè;e ls ;g Hkh crk;k tkrk gS fd
mudk laj{k.k fdl Lrj ij fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
zzyky jax ds i`"B% bu i`"Bksa ij foyqIrizk; ;k yqIr gks jgs thoksa ,oa ouLifr;ksa dh fofHkUu çtkfr;ksa dk izdk'ku
,oa cpko dk lexz :i izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
zzihys jax ds i`"B% bu i`"Bksa ij rhoz xfr ls yqIr gks jgh fofHkUu çtkfr;ksa ,oa lrr~ :i ls de gks jgh fofHkUu
çtkfr;ksa dh lwph tkjh dh tkrh gSA
zzlisQn jax ds i`"B% bu i`"Bksa ij ,slh nqyZHk ladVxzLr] ladVkiUu tkfr;ksa] tks fd dqN fuf'pr LFkkuksa ij gh ikbZ
tkrh gSa ftudh la[;k Hkh dkiQh de gSa vkSj vk'kadk ;g Hkh O;Dr dh tk jgh fd dgha ;s lekIr u gks tk,¡] ds
vk¡dM+s izLrqr fd;s tkrs gSaA
zzgjs jax ds i`"B% bu i`"Bksa ij mu çtkfr;ksa ds uke izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSa ftUgsa cpk fy;k x;k gks vkSj ftudh
la[;k esa o`f¼ gks jgh gSA
zzHkwjsjax ds i`"B% bu i`"Bksa ij mu çtkfr;ksas ds uke izdkf'kr gksrs gSa ftuds ckjs esa lexz fooj.k miyCèk ugha gSa
ysfdu ;g vk'kadk gS fd mudh la[;k ?kV jgh gSA
52
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku dh ladVxzLr@foyqIrizk; tkfr;k¡
zzbafM;u ozQksdksMk;y zzn xszV bafM;u cLVMZ
zz?kfM+;ky zzbafM;u csu
zzexjePN zzxksMko.k
zzvtxj zz'kqrqjeqxZ
zzdNqvk zzn xzsV bafM;u jkbuksfljksl
zzgkuZ fcYl zzphry
zz¯pdkjk zzck?k
fo'o fojklr lwph esa 'kkfey jktLFkku ds LFky

(Places of Rajasthan included in the world heritage list)
zz;wusLdks dh fo'o fojklr lfefr us loZizFke jktLFkku ds dsoyknso jk"Vªh; ikdZ dks izkÑfrd èkjksgj ds :i esa
'kkfey fd;kA vxLr 2010 esa blh lfefr us t;iqj fLFkr tarj&earj dks fo'o fojklr LFky ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;kA
zztwu 2013 esa ;wusLdks dh fo'o fojklr lfefr us jktLFkku ds 6 fdyksa dk p;u dj bUgsa fo'o fojklr LFkyksa ds
:i esa 'kkfey fd;kA ;s 6 fdys fuEufyf[kr gSa&
(i) vkesj iQksVZ (t;iqj)
(ii) j.kFkaHkkSj nqxZ (lokbZ ekèkksiqj)
(iii) lksukjx<+ nqxZ (tSlyesj)
(iv) fpÙkkSM+x<+ nqxZ (fpÙkkSM+x<+)
(v) daqHkyx<+ nqxZ (jktlean)
(vi) xkxjksu nqxZ (>kykokM+)
2019 esa t;iqj ;k fiad flVh dks fo'o fojklr lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
jkelj vfHkle; LFky ds :i esa 'kkfey jkT; ds LFky

(Places of state incorporated as Ramsar convention site)
zzjkT; esa fLFkr vknzZHkwfe dh lqj{kk rFkk tSo fofoèkrk esa o`f¼ ds fy;s varlZjdkjh lafèk] jkelj lafèk 1971 bZ- esa
bZjku ds jkelj 'kgj esa dh xbZ FkhA rFkk izHkkoh 1975 bZ- esa gqbZA
zzorZeku esa Hkkjr lfgr 170 ns'k blds lnL; gSa rFkk Hkkjr ds 37 vknZzHkwfe LFkyksa dks blesa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; ds vknzZHkwfe LFkyksa esa 2 dks jkelj vknzZHkwfe vfHkle; LFky ds :i esa ekU;rk izkIr gSA buesas
(i) dsoyknso jk"Vªh; ikdZ (ii) lkaHkj >hy gSaA
vè;k;&8
^jktLFkku esa Ïf"k ,oa i'kqikyu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
jktLFkku esa Ñf"k (Agriculture in Rajasthan)
jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k ,oa lgk;d {ks=kksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k xfrfofèk;ksa esa
izkFkfed :i ls iQly] i'kqèku] okfudh ,oa eRL; lfEefyr gSaA thfodksiktZu gsrq vfèkdka'k tula[;k Ñf"k ,oa
53
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lgk;d xfrfofèk;ksa ij fuHkZj jgrh gSA jktLFkku esa Ñf"k eyr% o"kkZ ij vkèkkfjr gSA jkT; esa ekulwu dh vofèk de
gSa jkT; esa ekulwu vU; jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa foyEc ls vkrk gS ,oa tYnh gh pyk tkrk gSa o"kkZ dh vofèk esa Hkh
mrkj&p<+ko gksrk gS] tks vi;kZIr] de ,oa vfuf'pr jgrh gSA jkT; esa Hkwfexr ty Lrj rsth ls fxjrk tk jgk gSA
blds ckotwn Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vkèkkj gS ,oa ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn esa bldk
izeq[k ;ksxnku gSA
Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k dk ldy jkT; ewY; oèkZu fLFkj (2011&12) ewY;ksa ij o"kZ 2014&15 esa `1.37 yk[k djksM+
ls c<+dj o"kZ 2019&20 esa `1.68 yk[k djksM+ gks x;k] tks fd 4.16 izfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f¼ (lh-,-th-vkj-) n'kkZrk
gS] tcfd izpfyr ewY;ksa ij Ñf"k ,oa lEc¼ {ks=k dh th,loh, o"kZ 2014&15 esa `1.53 yk[k djksM+ ls c<+dj o"kZ
2019&20 esa `2.47 yk[k djksM+ gks x;k] tks fd 10.06 izfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f¼ (lh-,-th-vkj-) n'kkZrk gSA
Ñf"k ,oa lEc¼ {ks=k esa fLFkj (2011&12) ewY;ksa ij th-,l-oh-,- dh o`f¼ nj
fodkl ds lanHkZ esa Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k esa o"kZ 2019&20 esa o"kZ 2018&19 dh rqyuk esa 5.65 izfr'kr dh o`f¼
gqbZ gSa Ñf"k dh fodkl nj tks o"kZ 2015&16 esa ;g µ0-33 izfr'kr Fkh] rhoz xfr ls c<+dj o"kZ 2016&17 esa 8.70
izfr'kr gks x;hA
jktLFkku ds th-,l-oh-,- esa Ñf"k ,oa lac¼
{ks=k dk ;ksxnku vkSj blds mi {ks=kksa dh lajpuk
jktLFkku ds ldy jkT; ewY; oèkZu (th-,l-oh-,) esa izpfyr dherksa ij o"kZ 2011&12 esa Ñf"k ,oa lEc¼ {ks=k
dk ;ksxnku 28.56 izfr'kr Fkk] tks fd o"kZ 2019&20 esa 25.56 izfr'kr jg x;kA Ñf"k ,oa lEc¼ {ks=k ds mi {ks=kksa
esa iQly] i'kqèku] okfudh o ykWfxax rFkk okfudh gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa iQly {ks=k dk va'k 47.54 izfr'kr] i'kqèku {ks=k
dk va'k 41.54 izfr'kr] okfudh ,oa ykWfxax {ks=k dk va'k 10.55 izfr'kr vkSj eRL; {ks=k dk va'k 0.37 izfr'kr gSA
Ñf"k ,oa lEc¼ {ks=k ds fofHkUu mi {ks=kksa ds ;ksxnku dks uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

54
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izpkfyr tksr èkkjd
jkT; esa Ñf"k x.kuk] 2015&16 ds vuqlkj dqy izpkfyr Hkwfe tksrksa dh la[;k 76.55 yk[k gS] tcfd o"kZ 2010&11
esa ;g la[;k 68-88 yk[k Fkh] vFkkZr~ Hkwfe tksrksa dh la[;k esa 11-14 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZA lhekUr] y?kq] v¼Z eè;e]
eè;e ,oa cM+s vkdkj dh oxhZÑr tksr] dqy tksrksa dk Øe'k% 40-12 izfr'kr] 21-90 izfr'kr] 18-50 izfr'kr] 14-79
izfr'kr ,oa 4-69 izfr'kr gSA o"kZ 2010&11 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2015&16 esa lhekUr] y?kq] v¼Z eè;e] ,oa eè;e vkdkj
oxks± dh tksrksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS o cM+s vkdkj oxks± dh tksrksa esa deh gqbZ gSA cM+s vkdkj dh Hkw&tksrksa dh la[;k esa 11-14
izfr'kr dh deh ntZ dh xbZ gSA blls ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd la;qDr ifjokjksa ds fo?kVu ds dkj.k Hkwfe ukekUrj.k ds
ekeys c<+ jgs gSaA o"kZ 2010&11 esa dqy tksrksa dk {ks=kiQy 211-36 yk[k gSDVs;j Fkk] tks o"kZ 2015&16 esa ?kVdj
208.73 yk[k gSDVs;j gks x;k] vFkkZr~ tksrksa ds dqy {ks=kiQy esa 1-24 izfr'kr dh deh ntZ gqbZ gSA
o"kZ 2010&11 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2015–16 esa {ks=kiQy dh n`f"V ls lhekUr] y?kq o v¼Z eè;e vkdkj dh tksrksa
ds {ks=kiQy esa Øe'k% 19.79 izfr'kr] 10.50 izfr'kr o 5-67 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA blds foijhr cM+s vkdkj ,oa
eè;e vkdkj dh tksrksa ds dqy {ks=kiQy esa Øe'k% 13-20 izfr'kr ,oa 0-27 izfr'kr dh deh ntZ gqbZ gSA Ñf"k x.kuk]
2015&16 ds vuqlkj jkT; esa Hkwfe tksrksa dk vkSlr vkdkj 2-73 gSDVs;j jgk gS] tks o"kZ 2010&11 esa 3-07 gSDVs;j
Fkk] tks Hkwfe tksrksa ds vkSlr vkdkj esa 11-07 izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSA
efgyk izpkfyr tksr èkkjd
jkT; esa Ñf"k x.kuk] 2015&16 ds vuqlkj dqy efgyk izpkfyr Hkwfe tksrksa dh la[;k 7-75 yk[k gS] tcfd o"kZ
2010&11 esa ;g la[;k 5-46 yk[k Fkh] vFkkZr~ Hkwfe tksrksa dh la[;k esa 41-94 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZA lhekUr] y?kq] v¼Z
eè;e] eè;e ,oa cM+s vkdkj dh oxhZÑr efgyk tksr èkkjdksa dk dqy tksrksa ls Øe'k% 49.55 izfr'kr] 20-77 izfr'kr]
14-97 izfr'kr] 11-74 izfr'kr ,oa 2-97 izfr'kr gSA o"kZ 2010&11 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2015&16 esa lHkh vkdkj oxks± dh
tksrksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
jkT; esa o"kZ 2010–11 esa efgyk Hkwfe tksrksa dk {ks=kiQy 13.30 yk[k gSDVs;j Fkk] tks o"kZ 2015–16 esa c<+dj
16.55 yk[k gSDVs;j gks x;k] vFkkZr~ efgyk Hkwfe tksrksa ds dqy {ks=kiQy esa 24.44 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA

55
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Ñf"k x.kuk 2015&16
fyaxkuqlkj tksrksa ds eq[; vkdkj oxZ ds vuqlkj izpkfyr tksrksa dh la[;k ,oa {ks=kiQy dk izfr'kr
fopyu (leLr lkekftd oxZ)
tksrksa dh la[;k (000) tksrksa dk {ks=kiQy (000 gS-)
Ø- tksr dh Js.kh
fyax 2010–11 2015–16 izfr'kr 2010–11 2015–16 izfr'kr
l- (vkdkj oxZ)
fopyu fopyu
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
lhekUr iq:"k 2268 2683 18.30 1120 1304 16.43
1 (1.0 gSDVs;j ls L=kh 239 384 60.67 116 177 52.59
de) laLFkkxr 4 4 0.00 2 2 0.00
;ksx 2511 3071 22.30 1238 1483 19.79
y?kq iq:"k 1389 1514 9.00 1988 2158 8.55
2 (1.0–2.0 L=kh 120 161 34.17 171 227 32.75
gSDVs;j) laLFkkxr 2 2 0.00 3 4 33.33
;ksx 1511 1677 10.99 2162 2389 10.50
vèkZ&eè;e iq:"k 1240 1297 4.60 3509 3655 4.16
3 (2.0–4.0 L=kh 92 116 26.09 258 325 25.97
gSDVs;j) laLFkkxr 3 3 0.00 7 8 14.29
;ksx 1335 1416 6.07 3774 3988 5.67
eè;e iq:"k 1051 1038 -1.24 6459 6334 -1.94
4 (4.0–10.0 L=kh 74 91 22.97 445 549 23.37
gSDVs;j) laLFkkxr 2 3 50.00 14 16 14.29
;ksx 1127 1132 0.44 6918 6899 -0.27
cM+s iq:"k 381 334 -12.34 6621 5657 -14.56
5 (10.0 gSDVs;j L=kh 21 23 9.52 340 377 10.88
,oa vfèkd) laLFkkxr 2 2 0.00 83 80 -3.61
;ksx 404 359 -11.14 7044 6114 -13.20
iq:"k 6329 6866 8.48 19697 19108 -2.99
leLr L=kh 546 775 41.94 1330 1655 24.44
laLFkkxr 13 14 7.69 109 110 0.92
;ksx 6888 7655 11.14 21136 20873 -1.24
ekulwu
jktLFkku esa Ñf"k eq[; :i ls o"kkZ ij fuHkZj gS rFkk ekulwu dh vofèk Hkh de gSa ekSle dh fLFkfr vfLFkj gksus
ds dkj.k fdlkuksa dks Ñf"k gsrq o"kkZ vkSj Hkwfexr ty nksuksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA o"kkZ dh izo`fÙk ;g Li"V djrh gSa
fd jkT; esa ekulwu ds igq¡pus dh lkekU; frfFk 15 twu gS] tcfd bl o"kZ 17 fnuksa dh nsjh ls jkT; esa ekulwu dh
'kq:vkr 2 tqykbZ ls izkjEHk gksdj 19 tqykbZ] 2019 rd lEiw.kZ jkT; esa lfØ; gqvkA
56
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT; esa 1 twu ls 30 flrEcj] 2019 rd dh le;kofèk esa okLrfod o"kkZ 774-38 feeh- ntZ dh xbZ] tks fd
lkekU; o"kkZ 530.08 feeh- dh rqyuk esa 46.09 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
jktLFkku esa iwjs ekulwu l=k 2019 esa lkekU; ;k lkekU; ls vfèkd o"kkZ gqbZ gS] tcfd Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux<+ ,oa
vyoj ftyksa esa lkekU; ls de o"kkZ ntZ dh xbZA
Ñf"k mRiknu
jkT; esa Ñf"k dk mRiknu eq[;r% ekulwu ds mfpr le; ij vkus ij fuHkZj djrk gSA [kjhiQ iQlyksa dk mRiknu
,oa mRikndrk dsoy o"kkZ dh ek=kk ij gh fuHkZj ugha gS] vfirq ;g i;kZIr le;kofèk esa o"kkZ ds mfpr ,oa leku forj.k
vkSj l?kurk ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA
xr rhu o"kks± dh [kjhiQ vkSj jch iQlyksa ds mRiknu dk foLr`r fooj.k esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA izkjfEHkd iwokZuqeku ds
vuqlkj jkT; esa o"kZ 2019&20 esa [kk|kUu dk dqy mRiknu 249.88 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd xr
o"kZ ds 231.25 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 8.06 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa [kjhiQ [kk|kUu dk mRiknu 89.25 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd xr o"kZ ds 84.55
yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 5.56 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa jch [kk|kUu dk mRiknu 160.63 yk[k eSfVªd
Vu gksuk vuqekfur gS] tks fd xr o"kZ 2018–19 esa 146.70 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 9.50 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa [kjhiQ vukt dk mRiknu 71.79 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksuk vuqekfur gS] tks fd xr o"kZ ds [kjhiQ
mRiknu 65.87 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 8.99 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ n'kkZrk gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa jch vukt dk mRiknu
133.19 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd o"kZ 2018–19 esa 127.79 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 4.23
izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa [kjhiQ nygu dk mRiknu 17.46 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd o"kZ 2018–19 ds
18.68 yk[k eSfVªd Vu mRiknu dh rqyuk esa 6.53 izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSA
frygu ds varxZr [kjhiQ iQlyksa esa ewaxiQyh] fry] lks;kchu o vj.Mh rFkk jch iQlyksa esa jkbZ] ljlksa] rkjkehjk
,oa vylh lfEefyr gSA frygu dk mRiknu o"kZ 2019–20 esa 65.79 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dk vuqeku gS] tks fd o"kZ
2018–19 ds 76.57 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 14.08 izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSA
[kjhiQ frygu dk o"kZ 2019–20 esa 24.63 yk[k eSfVªd Vu mRiknu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd o"kZ 2018–19
esa 28.36 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa 13.15 izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSA jch esa frygu dk mRiknu o"kZ 2018–19
ds 48.21 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019–20 esa 41.16 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd 14.62
izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSA
xUus dk mRiknu o"kZ 2018–19 ds 4.48 yk[k eSfVªd Vu dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019–20 esa 2.50 yk[k eSfVªd Vu gksus
dh lEHkkouk gS] tks fd 44.20 izfr'kr dh deh n'kkZrk gSa o"kZ 2019–20 esa dikl dk mRiknu 26.64 yk[k xk¡Bsa mRikfnr
gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] tcfd o"kZ 2018–19 esa ;g mRiknu 20.27 yk[k xk¡Bsa Fkk] tks fd 31.43 izfr'kr dh o`f¼
n'kkZrk gSA
jkT; esa [kjhiQ vkSj jch iQlyksa dk {ks=kiQy ,oa mRiknu
{ks=kiQy (yk[k gSDVs;j esa) mRiknu (yk[k eSfVªd Vu esa)
iQly 2018–19 2019–20 2018–19 2019–20
2017–18 2017–18
(vfUre) (izkoèkkfud) (vfUre) (izkoèkkfud)
(v) vukt 91.76 89.95 96.93 184.71 193.66 204.98
[kjhiQ 58.50 57.69 59.94 62.78 65.87 71.79
jch 33.26 32.26 36.99 121.93 127.79 133.19

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
(c) nygu 58.61 59.06 60.18 36.34 37.59 44.90
[kjhiQ 42.40 42.75 38.39 18.70 18.68 17.46
jch 16.21 16.31 21.79 17.64 18.91 27.44
(v + c) [kk|kUu 150.37 149.01 157.11 221.05 231.25 249.88
[kjhiQ 100.90 100.44 98.33 81.48 84.55 89.25
jch 49.47 48.57 58.78 139.57 146.70 160.63
(l) frygu 41.50 48.07 48.62 61.14 76.57 65.79
[kjhiQ 19.27 19.84 23.17 25.68 28.36 24.63
jch 22.23 28.23 25.45 35.46 48.21 41.16
(n) xUuk 0.05 0.05 0.04 3.82 4.48 2.50
(;) dikl (:bZ)* 5.84 6.29 7.60 18.93 20.27 26.64
* mRiknu yk[k xkaBksa esa (izR;sd xkaB esa 170 fdyks)
Ñf"k lqèkkj dk;ZØe o ;kstuk,¡

jktLFkku jkT; esa Ñf"k lacaèkh bu leL;kvksa dks ns[krs gq, jkT; rFkk dsanz ljdkj }kjk vusd ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e
ls bu leL;kvksa ds lekèkku gsrq vusd iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA lekèkku gsrq ;s ;kstuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
eq[;ea=kh cht LokoyEcu ;kstuk
bl ;kstuk dk izeq[k mís'; Ñ"kdksa }kjk Lo;a ds [ksrksa esa vPNh fdLe ds cht fuekZ.k dks c<+kuk gSA izkjEHk esa bl
;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u jkT; ds rhu Ñf"k tyok;qfod [k.Mksa ;Fkk& dksVk] HkhyokM+k rFkk mn;iqj esa fd;k x;kA o"kZ
2018&19 ls ;kstuk jkT; ds leLr 10 Ñf"k tyok;qfod [k.Mksa esa fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl ;kstukUrxZr xsgwa] tkS]
puk] Tokj] lks;kchu] eawx] eksB ewaxiQyh ,oa mM+n dh 10 o"kZ rd dh iqjkuh fdLeksa dk cht mRiknu dks 'kkfey fd;k
x;k gSA
58
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
xSj&LFkkfud {ks=kksa esa dhV vkSj jksxksa dk mUewyu
mRiknu ds fy;s bdkWuksfed FkzslgksYM ysoy (bZ-Vh-,y-) ls uhps ds thoksa dks j[kus ds fy;s iQlyksa dks dhM+ksa]
dhVksa vkSj chekjh ds laØe.k ls cpkuk vR;Ur vko';d gS] blfy;s LFkkfud@xSj&LFkkfud {ks=kksa esa dhVksa@jksxksa ds mUewyu
ds fy;s ikSèk laj{k.k jlk;u ds vuqnku dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k gSA
efgyk izf'k{k.k
bl ;kstuk ds varxZr xzke iapk;r Lrj ij efgyk Ñ"kdksa gsrq ,d fnolh; izf'k{k.k dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS
rFkk efgyk Ñ"kdksa dks mUur Ñf"k rduhd dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gS rkfd os Ñ"kdksa dks rduhdh Kku gLrkarfjr dj
ldsA 30 efgyk Ñ"kdksa ds izf'k{k.k gsrq lgk;rk jkf'k `3,000 jkT; ;kstuk ls nsus dk izkoèkku gSA blds vfrfjDr iQly
dVkbZ iz;ksx dks Hkh Ñf"k foLrkj lsok ds varxZr fy;k x;k gSA
Ñf"k f'k{kk esa vè;;ujr~ Nk=kkvksa dks izksRlkgu jkf'k
yM+fd;ksa dks vkSipkfjd :i ls Ñf"k dk vè;;u djus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gSA blds fy;s Ñf"k
foHkkx] mPp ekè;fed] Lukrd (Ñf"k)] LukrdksÙkj vkSj ih,pMh djus esa izksRlkgu jkf'k iznku dj jgk gSA jkT; ljdkj
}kjk mPp ekè;fed (Ñf"k) ds fy;s izfr o"kZ `5000 izfr Nk=kk] Lukrd (Ñf"k) ds fy;s izfr o"kZ `12,000 izfr Nk=kk]
LukrdksÙkj (Ñf"k) vkSj ih-,pMh- ds fy;s izfr o"kZ `15000 izfr Nk=kk dks izksRlkgu jkf'k iznku dh tk jgh gSA
Ñf"k izn'kZu
¶ns[kdj fo'okl djus¸ ds Ñf"k ds fl¼kar ij Ñf"k rduhd dks izlkfjr djus gsrq Ñ"kdksa ds [ksrksa ij iQly
izn'kZu vk;ksftr fd;s tk jgs gSaA ubZ mUur ,oa uoksUes"kh Ñf"k rduhd dk gLrkUrj.k djus ds fy;s iQly izn'kZu dk
vk;kstu Ñf"k foLrkj dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ lkèku gSA jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku (,u-,iQ-,l-,e-) ls oafpr ftyksa esa jkT;
dh fof'k"V iQlysa& Xokj] xsgwa ,oa tkS ij iQly izn'kZu vk;ksftr fd;s tk jgs gSaA
cht fefufdV
fofHkUu uohu iQlyksa dh fdLeksa dks c<+kok nsus gsrq 0.1 gSDVs;j {ks=k ds fy;s cht fefufdV Ñ"kdksa dks Vksdu
jkf'k ij miyCèk djk;s tk jgs gSaA
lw{e iks"kd rRo fefufdV
e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ds vkèkkj ij lw{e iks"kd rRoksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus gsrq 90 izfr'kr vuqnku ij lw{e iks"kd
rRo miyCèk djok;s tkrs gSaA
buds vykok uokpkj ds varxZr xzkã ijh{k.k dsanzksa ,oa tSfod [ksrh djus okys fdlkuksa dks iqjLdkj fn;s tkus dk
dk;ZØe Hkh gSA
thjks ctV uspqjy iQkfe±x
ekuuh; eq[;ea=kh dh o"kZ 2019–20 dh ctV ?kks"k.kk dh vuqikyuk esa thjksa ctV uspqjy iQkfe±x ij ,d ik;yV
izkstsDV Vksad] ckalokM+k ,oa fljksgh esa fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA blls Ñ"kd] Ñf"k vknkuksa esa vkRefuHkZj cu ldsaxs]
Ñf"k mRiknu ykxr esa deh gksxh ,oa Ñf"k mRikn jlk;u eqDr gksxsaA
jktLFkku Ñf"k izfrLièkkZRed ;kstuk (vkj-,-lh-ih-)
Ñf"k mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk c<+kus] Ñ"kdksa dh vk; esa o`f¼] tyok;q izfrjksèk {kerk;qDr Ñf"k] Ñf"k esa flapkbZ ty
ds mi;ksx dks de djus] Ñf"k mRiknksa ds izlaLdj.k ,oa ewY; laoèkZu c<+kus ds mís'; ls fo'o cSad iksf"kr ;g ifj;kstuk
jkT; ds 17 f”kyksa esa 17 p;fur DyLVjksa esa fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA
59
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
buds vfrfjDr] jkT; ;kstukUrxZr {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa esa ifjpkyu O;; ,oa laLFkkiu gsrq LVkiQ@iz;ksx'kkykvksa@fdlku
vk;ksx@fuekZ.k dk;Z] fdlku lsok dsanz lgfoyst ukWyst dsanz] dEI;wVªhÑr ;kstuk ,oa dsanzh; izofrZr ;kstukvksa gsrq vko';d
jkT;ka'k dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k gSA
udnh iQlyksa ds mRiknu dks c<+kok
udnh iQlyksa ds mRiknu ls fdlku vfèkdkfèkd ykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA blls fdlkuksa dks viuh mit dk tgk¡ vfèkd
ewY; izkIr gksrk gS ogha os mUur Ñf"k rduhd viukus esa Hkh l{ke gksrs gSaSA blfy;s jkT; esa ugjh flafpr {ks=kksa esa
(fo'ks"kdj bafnjk xkaèkh ugj {ks=k) blds mRiknu ij vfèkdkfèkd cy fn;k tk jgk gSA bl dk;Z ;kstuk dks ê#xaxk* ds
uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
ckjkuh Ñf"k fodkl ij cy
ckjkuh Ñf"k fodkl ds varxZr 'kq"d ,oa v¼Z'kq"d izns'kksa esa ^'kq"d Ñf"k i¼fr* dk izpkj&izlkj dj [ksrh rFkk
de flapkbZ okyh iQlyksa dk izpyu djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA jkT; esa de flapkbZ okyh iQlyksa ds fodkl]
,uhdV] dqvksa rFkk rkykcksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa lkFk gh o"kkZ ty dk laj{k.k dj mlds vfèkdre mi;ksx ij cy fn;k tk
jgk gSA
jk"Vªh; nygu fodkl ifj;kstuk
bl fodkl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr dsanz ljdkj (ewax] mM+n] puk) rFkk jkT; ljdkj (eksB] puk] mM+n vkfn) ngyu
iQlyksa ds mRiknu fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s fHkUu&fHkUu f”kyksa esa iz;kljr gSaA blesa dsanz ljdkj dh 75% rFkk
jkT; ljdkj dh 25% dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA
jk"Vªh; frygu fodkl ifj;kstuk
jktLFkku esa frygu fodkl dk;ZØe frygu mRiknu esa o`f¼ ds fy;s dsanzh; lgk;rk ls o"kZ 1990–91 esa izkjaHk
fd;k x;kA jkT; esa dsanz ljdkj }kjk 24 f”kyksa rFkk jkT; ljdkj }kjk 2 f”kyksa esa bl ;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor fd;k tk
jgk gSA blds varxZr fdlkuksa dks ikSèk laj{k.k] midj.k] jlk;uksa rFkk feuhfdV vkfn ij vuqnku fn;k tkrk gS rFkk lkFk
gh ljlksa] ew¡xiQyh ,oa lks;kchu tSlh iQlyksa ds mRiknu dks c<+kus ij ”kksj fn;k tk jgk gSA blds fy;s ljdkj us
^jk"Vªh; ljlksa vuqlaèkku dsanzµlsoj*] Hkjriqj f”kys esa rFkk us'kuy fjlpZ lsaVj iQkWj jsilhM ,aM eLVMZ Hkjriqj esa LFkkfir
fd;s gSaA
dsanzh; 'kq"d {ks=k vuqlaèkku laLFkk
dsanzh; 'kq"d {ks=k vuqlaèkku laLFkku&tksèkiqj] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn ds varxZr dk;Zjr laLFkku gSA ;g laLFkku
izkjaHk esa e# ouhdj.k dsanz ds :i esa 1952 esa Vhck LFkjhdj.k vkSj Nk;knkj o`{k ifV~Vdk jksi.k gsrq LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
o"kZ 1957 esa bl laLFkku dk foLrkj e# ouhdj.k ,oa e`nk laj{k.k dsanz ds :i esa gqvk rFkk vUrr% bls 1959 esa dsanzh;
'kq"d {ks=k vuqlaèkku laLFkku (dktjh) ds :i esa iw.kZ laLFkku dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA
bu lHkh ;kstukvksa dk mn~ns'; Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼] fdlkuksa dks mudh mit dk mfpr ewY; izkIr djkuk] Ñf"k
{ks=k dk foLrkj rFkk iQly gkfu gksus ij lqj{kk rFkk Ñf"k ½.k miyCèk djkuk gSA dsanz ljdkj us jkexat eaMh (dksVk)
esa ^Likbl ikdZ* LFkkfir djus dh LohÑfr iznku dh gS rFkk lkFk gh jkT; esa ^jktLFkku Ñf"k izfrLi¼hZ ;kstuk* fo'o
cSad ds lg;ksx ls ykxw djuk izLrkfor gSA rchth (vtesj) esa jk"Vªh; cht elkyk vuqlaèkku dsanz dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh
xbZ gSA
jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku (NFSM)
1. dsanzh; ljdkj }kjk dsanz izofrZr ;kstuk ds :i esa o"kZ 2007–08 ls jkT; esa xsgw¡ ,oa nygu ij ^jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk
fe'ku* izkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2015–16 ds nkSjku foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ esa ifjorZu dj dsanzh;ka'k
,oa jkT;ka'k dk vuqikr 60:40 dj fn;k gSA
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2. o"kZ 2015–16 esa xsgw¡ ,oa nygu ij jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku ds varxZr izekf.kr chtksa dk forj.k] mUur mRiknu
rduhd dk izn'kZu] lesfdr iks"k.k izcaèku (vkbZ-,u-,e-)] tSfod [kkn] lw{e rÙoksa] ftIle] lefUor dhV izcaèku
(vkbZ-ih-,e-) Ñf"k ;a=kksa] iQOokjk] iailsV] flapkbZ ty gsrq ikbi ykbu] eksckby jsuxu ,oa iQly ra=k vkèkkfjr
izf'k{k.k vkfn egÙoiw.kZ dk;ZØe gSaA ;s dk;ZØe jkT; esa xsg¡w] nygu] eksVs vukt rFkk O;kolkf;d iQlyksa ds
fy;s vusd f”kyksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;s tk jgs gSaA
xsgw¡ ds fy;s 14 eksVs vukt ds fy;s nygu ds fy;s 16 f”kys O;kolkf;d iQlyksa ds
f”kys 12 f”kys vtesj] chdkusj] ckM+esj] fy;s 16 f”kys
ck¡lokM+k] HkhyokM+k] eDdk ds fy;s (5) fpÙkkSM+x<+] pw:] nkSlk] t;iqj] vtesj] vyoj] chdkusj]
chdkusj] t;iqj] ck¡lokM+k] HkhyokM+k] Jhxaxkuxj] tksèkiqj] guqekux<+] ck¡lokM+k] HkhyokM+k]
>qU>quw¡a] tksèkiqj] fpÙkkSMx<+] Mwaxjiqj rFkk dksVk] ukxkSj] lhdj] Vksad] fpÙkkSM+x<+] tkykSj]
djkSyh] ukxkSj] ikyh] mn;iqjA tkS ds fy;s izrkix<+ tkykSj orZeku esa jkT; tksèkiqj] guqekux<+]
izrkix<+] lokbZ (7) vtesj]HkhyokM+k] ds lHkh f”kyksa dks bl ;kstuk dksVk] izrkix<+] ukxkSj]
ekèkksiqj] lhdj] Vksad guqekux<+] t;iqj ukxkSj] ds varxZr lfEefyr fd;k x;k jktlean] fljksgh] lhdj]
,oa mn;iqjA Jhxaxkuxj rFkk lhdjA gSA JhxaxkuxjA
zzjk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku U;wfVªlhfj;y ;kstuk ,d dsanzh; izofrZr ;kstuk ds :i esa jkT; esa o"kZ 2018–19 esa izkjEHk
fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk esa izekf.kr cht dk forj.k ,oa mRiknu] mRiknu rduhd esa lqèkkj dk izn'kZu] tSo moZjdksa
dks c<+kok nsuk] lw{e rRoksa dk iz;ksx] lefUor dhV izcaèku vkSj iQly izn'kZu ij fdlkuksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuk gSa
bl ;kstuk esa p;fur ftyksa esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Tokj iQlysa 10 ftyksa ;Fkk& vtesj] vyoj] Hkjriqj] HkhyokM+k]
fpÙkkSM+x<+] t;iqj] tksèkiqj] ukxkSj] ikyh o Vksad rFkk cktjk iQlysa] 21 ftyksa ;Fkk&vtesj] vyoj] ckM+esj] Hkjriqj
chdkusj] pw:] nkSlk] èkkSyiqj] guqekux<+] t;iqj] tSlyesj] tkykSj] >qU>quwa] tksèkiqj] djkSyh] ukxkSj] ikyh] lokbZekèkksiqj]
lhdj] fljksgh o Vksad esa lfEefyr dh xbZ gSaA
zzjk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku (,u-,iQ-,l-,e)&okf.kfT;d iQlyksa ds varxZr dikl ds fy;s vfxze izn'kZu vkSj ikSèk
laj{k.k jlk;u lfEefyr gSA
jktLFkku ds Ñf"k tyok;q izns'k

(Agricultural climate region of Rajasthan)
Ñf"k izns'kksa dk fuèkkZj.k iQlyksa ds izk:i] Ñf"k i¼fr] ty dh miyCèkrk] 'kL; la;kstu rFkk mRikndrk ds vkèkkj
ij fd;k tkrk gSA ijarq jktLFkku ljdkj us ^Ñf"k tyok;q izns'kksa* dks Ñf"k fodkl dk vkèkkj ekuk gS ftldk fuèkkZj.k
Ñf"k ,oa tyok;q fo'ks"kKksa us fd;k gSA jkT; ds Ñf"k tyok;q izns'k fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
Ø-l- izns'k o"kkZ (mm esa) izeq[k Ñf"k mitsa e`nk izdkj f”kys
[kjhiQ% cktjk] nkysa]
'kq"d if'peh eSnku ckyqdk Lrwi ,oa
1. 200–370 Xokj ckM+esj] tksèkiqj
IA e#LFkyh; e`nk
jch% xsgw¡] ljlksa
flafpr [kjhiQ% dikl] xUuk
tyks<+ e`nk yo.kh;rk
2. mÙkjh&if'peh eSnku 100–350 ,oa nkysa guqekux<+] xaxkuxj
ls ;qDr
IB jch% xsgw¡] puk] ljlksa
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[kjhiQ% Xokj] cktjk]
mPp 'kq"d ,oa
nkysa chdkusj] pw:]
3. lhfer flafpr izns'k 100–350 e#LFkyh; e`nk
jch% tkS] xsgw¡] ljlksa tSlyesj
IC
vkSj puk
var%izokg 'kq"d [kjhiQ% cktjk] fry

mFkyh yky ,oa jsrhyh lhdj] ukxkSj]
4. izns'k 300–500 jch% puk] ljlksa] xsgw¡]
pwuk ;qDr e`nk >qU>quw¡
IIA tkS
[kjhiQ% Tokj] cktjk]

ywuh csflu dk
eDdk] fry] nkysa yky e#LFkyh rFkk ikyh] tkykSj]
5. lØkafr eSnku 300–500
jch% xsgw¡] tkS] puk] psjukste e`nk fljksgh
IIB
ljlksa
[kjhiQ% nkysa] cktjk iwohZ Hkkx esa psjukste

v¼Z'kq"d iwohZ eSnku t;iqj] nkSlk] Vksad]
6. 500–700 jch% tkS] xsgw¡] puk] rFkk if'pe&mÙkj Hkkx
IIIA vtesj
ljlksa esa pwuh e`nk
[kjhiQ% eDdk] cktjk]

ck<+ izHkkfor iwohZ vyoj] Hkjriqj]
xUuk] nkysa
7. eSnku 500–700 tyks<+ e`nk èkkSyiqj] djkSyh]
jch% tkS] xsgw¡] puk]
IIIB lokbZ ekèkksiqj
ljlksa
mi&vknzZ nf{k.kh [kjhiQ% eDdk] èkku

tyks<+ ,oa ioZrinh; HkhyokM+k] jktlean]
8. eSnku 500–900 jch% puk] frygu rFkk
e`nk fpÙkkSM+x<+] mn;iqj
IVA xsgw¡
[kjhiQ% xUuk] dikl]

yky e`nk ioZrh; <kyksa
vknzZ&nf{k.kh eSnku eDdk] pkoy izrkix<+] Mw¡xjiqj]
9. 500–1100 ij] mFkyh e`nk ?kkfV;ksa
IVB jch% ljlksa] fry ,oa ck¡lokM+k
esa
vylh
vknzZ&nf{k.kh&iwohZ [kjhiQ% èkku

dkyh tyks < + ,oa >kykokM+] dksVk]
10. izns'k 650–1100 jch% lks;kchu] ljlksa]
fpduh e`nk cw¡nh] ckjka
V xsgw¡] tkS
62
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku
IB flafpr
mÙkjh&if'peh eSnku
k
izns'
fl afpr
er s'k
lhf izn
,oa
'kq"d 'kq"d
kg
mPp % izo
IC vUr
IIA
kq"d for
v ¼Z&' u i zHkk
ku k + u
eSn IIIA wohZ eSn ck< Z eSnk
h i B h
pe u III iwo
if' r eSnk
'kq"d l Økaf
IA dk u
csfl
u
kh eSnk
ywuh f{k. kn zZ
IIB vk nzZ n V v iwohZ
mi& . &
k h
nf{k zns'k
IVA i
IVB
vknzZ
Snku
n f{k.kh e
jk"Vªh; frygu ,oa vkW;y ike fe'ku (,u-,e-vks-vks-ih-)

jk"Vªh; frygu ,oa vkW;y ike fe'ku dk eq[; mn~ns'; frygu iQlyksa ,oa o`{ktfur ikSèkksa] [kk|kUu dh mRikndrk
esa o`f¼] xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj dj jkT; dks [kk| lqj{kk esa vkRefuHkZj cukuk gSA jktLFkku esa bl fe'ku ds varxZr nks
lc&fe'ku fØ;kfUor fd;s tk jgs gSaµ
feuh fe'ku&I% fryguh iQlyksa ds fy;s
feuh fe'ku&III% o`{ktfur fryguh iQlyksa ds fy;s
bl fe'ku dh eq[; xfrfofèk;k¡ vkèkkjHkwr ,oa izekf.kr cht dk mRiknu] izekf.kr cht dk forj.k] iQly izn'kZu]
lefUor thouk'kh izcaèku] ikSèk laj{k.k jlk;u] ikSèk laj{k.k midj.k] tSo moZjd] ftIle] ty laogu ds fy;s ikbiykbu]
Ñ"kd izf'k{k.k] Ñf"k lqèkkj] uokpkj] cht mipkj Mªe] iQOokjk lsV] feuhfdV forj.k rFkk vkèkkjHkwr fodkl vkfn gSaA
Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2015–16 esa foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ esa ifjorZu dj dsanzh;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k dk vuqikr 60:40 dj fn;k
x;kA
o"kZ 2019-20 ds varxZr 135.00 djksM+ ds izkoèkku ds fo:¼ fnlacj ekg 2019 rd ` 96.93 djksM+ O;; fd;s
x, gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k foLrkj ,oa rduhdh fe'ku (,u-,e-,-bZ-Vh-)
bl fe'ku dk mn~ns'; Ñf"k foLrkj dk iquxZBu ,oa l'kDrhdj.k djuk gS rkfd fdlkuksa dks mfpr rduhd ,oa
Ñf"k foKku dh vPNh vknrksa dk gLrkarj.k fd;k tk ldsA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2015–16 esa foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ esa ifjorZu
dj dsanzh; rFkk jkT; ljdkj dh Hkkxhnkjh dk vuqikr 60:40 dj fn;k x;kA blds varxZr pkj mife'ku lfEefyr fd;s
x, gSaµ
zzÑf"k foLrkj ij mife'ku zzÑf"k ;a=khdj.k ij mife'ku
zzcht ,oa jksi.k lkexzh ij mife'ku zzÑf"k esa jk"Vªh; bZ&xous±l Iyku
o"kZ 2019-20 ds varxZr `40.92 djksM+ ds izkoèkku ds fo:¼ fnlacj] 2019 rd `25.09 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSA
jk"Vªh; fVdkmQ [ksrh fe'ku (,u-,e-,l-,-)
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwoZ esa lapkfyr pkj ;kstukvksaµ jk"Vªh; lw{e flapkbZ fe'ku] jk"Vªh; tSfod [ksrh ifj;kstuk] jk"Vªh;
e`nk LokLF; ,oa moZjrk izcaèk ifj;kstuk rFkk o"kkZ vkèkkfjr {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe tyok;q ifjorZu dks dsafnzr djrs gq,
iquxZBu dj ,d u;k dk;ZØe ^jk"Vªh; fVdkmQ [ksrh fe'ku* o"kZ 2014–15 ls fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA foÙk iks"k.k
gsrq dsanzh;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k dk vuqikr 60:40 FkkA bl fe'ku ds varxZr pkj lc&fe'ku lfEefyr fd;s x, gSaµ
o"kkZ vkèkkfjr {ks=k fodkl (vkj-,-Mh-)
jkT; ds fofHkUu Ñf"k tyok;q {ks=kksa esa fof'k"V {ks=k ds fofHkUu izdkj dh lefUor Ñf"k i¼fr ;Fkk& i'kqikyu
vkèkkfjr] m|kfudh vkèkkfjr vkSj Ñf"k okfudh (o`{k vkèkkfjr) Ñf"k iz.kkfy;ksa dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA Ñ"kdksa dks
lefUor Ñf"k i¼fr ,oa lgk;d xfrfofèk;ksa gsrq lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA lefUor Ñf"k i¼fr ds lkFk oehZ dEiksLV
bdkbZ;ksa dh LFkkiuk] ty lap;u lajpukvksa dk fuekZ.k i'kqèku] Ms;jh] eqxhZikyu] m|kfudh] o`{k vkèkkfjr eèkqeD[kh
ikyu dh xfrfofèk;k¡ dh tkrh gSA
e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk (¶LoLFk èkjk] [ksr gjk¸)
;g ;kstuk e`nk ijh{k.k lsokvksa dks c<+kok nsus] e`nk LokLF; dkMZ tkjh djus vkSj fofHkUu iQlyksa ds fy;s foosdiw.kZ
iks"kd rRo izcUèku rduhdh ds fodkl dh ifjdYiuk djrh gSA
ijEijkxr Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk (ih-ds-oh-okbZ-)
tSfod [ksrh esa i;kZoj.k vkèkkfjr U;wure ykxr rduhdksa ds iz;ksx ls jlk;uksa ,oa dhVuk'kdksa dk iz;ksx de djrs
gq, Ñf"k mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA ijEijkxr Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk ds varxZr DyLVj ,oa ih-th-,l- izek.ku ds ekè;e ls
tSfod [ksrh dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS ,oa ih-ds-oh-okbZ dk;ZØe ds rgr lgHkkfxrk xkj.Vh iz.kkyh (ih-th-,l-) ds
rgr xq.koÙkk esa fo'okl izeq[k n`f"Vdks.k gSA fdlkuksa ds ikl ih-th-,l-&Hkkjr ekudksa ds vuqikyu esa tSfod [ksrh ds
fdlh Hkh :i dks viukus dk fodYi gSA
Ñf"k okfudh ij mi fe'ku (,l-,e-,-,iQ-)
jk"Vªh; fVdkmQ [ksrh fe'ku ds rgr o`{kkjksi.k dks izksRlkfgr djus vkSj foLrkj djus ds mís'; ls Ñf"k okfudh ij
,d mi fe'ku o"kZ 2017–18 esa izkjEHk fd;k x;k] ftlds varxZr xq.koÙkk jksi.k lkexzh dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djuk]
fofHkUu Ñf"k tyok;q {ks=kksa ds MsVkcsl dks leFkZ cukus ds fy;s Hkwfe dh fLFkfr vkSj Ñf"k okfudh ds {ks=k esa lqèkkj
djuk vkrk gSA blesa dsanz vkSj jkT; ljdkj dk foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ Øe'k% 60%40 vuqikr esa gSA
jk"Vªh; fVdkmQ [ksrh fe'ku ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa `27.54 djksM+ izkoèkku ds fo#¼ ekg fnlEcj] 2019 rd
`5.06 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSaA

64
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk (vkj-ds-oh-okbZ-)
Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=kksa esa (11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa) 4% fodkl nj vftZr djus ds mn~ns'; ls Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk
jktLFkku lfgr lHkh jkT;ksa esa ,d ;kstuk jk"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk o"kZ 2007–08 esa izkjaHk dh xbZ FkhA bl ;kstuk
ds }kjk Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2007–08 ls 2014–15 rd 'kr&izfr'kr jkf'k dsanzh; lgk;rk ds :i esa jkT;ksa dks miyCèk
djkbZ FkhA jkT; ds Ñf"k tyok;q ,oa izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa ij fopkj djus ds fy;s ,oa Ñf"k] i'kqikyu] eRL;ikyu]
eqxhZikyu] ckxokuh vkSj Ms;jh ds {ks=k esa ,dhÑr f”kyk Ñf"k ;kstuk rS;kj djus gsrq ifjorZu vkèkkfjr lgk;rk iznku
dh tk jgh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 2015–16 esa foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ esa ifjorZu dj dsanzh;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k dk vuqikr
60:40 dj fn;k FkkA
o"kZ 2019-20 eas `208.80 djksM+ dk izkoèkku ds fo:¼ fnlacj] 2019 rd `52.36 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSA
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk (ih-,e-ds-,l-okbZ-)
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstukarxZr orZeku esa lapkfyr ;kstukvksa dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gS] tSlsµ Rofjr flapkbZ
ykHk dk;ZØe (,-vkbZ-ch-ih-)] lefUor tyxzg.k izcaèk dk;ZØe (vkbZ-MCY;w-,e-) rFkk vkWu iQkeZ ty izcaèku (vks-,iQ-
MCY;w-,e-) vkfnA izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk iwjs jkT; esa o"kZ 2015–16 ls fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl ;kstuk dk
foÙk iks"k.k iSVuZ dsanzh;ka'k ,oa jkT;ka'k ds chp vuqikr 60 : 40 gSA
jkT; esa ty ,d lhfer ,oa cgqewY; lalkèku gSA bl n`f"V ls iQly mRikndrk c<+kus ,oa ikuh dks cpkus ds fy;s
y?kq flapkbZ i¼fr esa fMªi ,oa iQOokjk i¼fr tSls izHkkoh ty izcaèku dh O;oLFkk gSA Ñf"k] m|kfudh] tyxzg.k fodkl
,oa Hkwlaj{k.k rFkk ty lalkèku foHkkx }kjk fofHkUu xfrfofèk;k¡ fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA ftldk uksMy foHkkx m|kflfd
foHkkx gSa o"kZ 2019–20 esa ` 74.80 djksM+ izkoèkku ds fo#¼ ekg fnlacj 2019 rd ` 27.33 djksM+ O;; fd;s x,
gSA
jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku
jkT; ds p;fur 24 f”kykas Øe'k% t;iqj] vtesj] vyoj] fpÙkkSM+x<+] dksVk] ckjka] >kykokM+] tksèkiqj] ikyh] tkykSj]
ckM+esj] ukxkSj] ck¡lokM+k] Vksad] djkSyh] mn;iqj] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] Mw¡xjiqj] HkhyokM+k] cw¡nh] >qU>quw¡a] fljksgh] tSlyesj ,oa
Jhxaxkuxj esa fofHkUu m|kfudh iQlyksa] ;Fkkµ iQy] elkyk ,oa iQwYkksa ds {ks=kiQy] mRiknu o mRikndrk esa o`f¼ dh
xbZ gSA
jk"Vªh; vkS"kèkh; ikni fe'ku (,u-,e-,e-ih-)
jkT; esa vkS"kèkh; ikSèkksa dh [ksrh dks c<+kok nsus ,oa iQkekZ lsDVj dks i;kZIr ek=kk esa vklkuh ls dPpk eky miyCèk
djkus ds lkFk&lkFk vU; mn~ns';ksa gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ;g dk;ZØe o"kZ 2009–10 ls izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g fe'ku
izkjaHk ls gh jkT; ds leLr f”kyksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2015–16 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us bl fe'ku dk u;k
uke ^jk"Vªh; vk;q"k fe'ku* j[kk gSA
Xykscy jktLFkku ,xzhVsd ehV] 2017
jkT; esa ^Xykscy jktLFkku ,xzhVsd ehV* dk vk;kstu fdlkuksa dks le`¼ ,oa laiUu cukus ds mn~ns'; ls fd;k tkrk
gSA jkT; esa bldk rhljk ldy vk;kstu ^xzke mn;iqj* esa 7–9 uoacj] 2017 dks lh-Vh-,-bZ- xzkmaM esa gqvkA bldk
igyk vk;kstu t;iqj esa rFkk nwljk dksVk esa gqvkA mn;iqj esa bldk 'kqHkkjaHk eq[;ea=kh Jherh olqaèkjk jkts] dsanzh; Ñf"k
jkT; ea=kh xtsanz flag 'ks[kkor] x`gea=kh xqykcpan dVkfj;k] mPp f'k{kk ea=kh Jherh fdj.k ekgs'ojh ,oa Ñf"k ea=kh izHkqyky
lSuh us fd;kA xzke mn;iqj dk ikVZuj mTcsfdLrku Hkh jktLFkku ds lkFk feydj baVsaflo xkMZfuax vkSj xzhugkml rduhd
lfgr Ñf"k ls tqM+s fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dke djus ds fy;s rRij gSA bl ,xzhVsd ehV ds egÙoiw.kZ iQSlys fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
zzfdlkuksa dh vk; dks 2022 rd nksxquh djus dk y{;A
zztutkfr leqnk; dh ekax ij 26 ou mitksa dks VªkaftV ijfeV ls eqfDrA
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zzfiNys lk<+s rhu lky esa 57 g”kkj djksM+ #i, dk C;kt eqDr iQlyh ½.kA
zzjkT; ljdkj ds 5 o"kZ ds dk;Zdky esa fdlkuksa dks 75 g”kkj djksM+ dk C;kt eqDr ½.k dk fjdkWMZ cukus dk y{;A
zzHkwfe fodkl cSadksa ls feysxk fdlkuksa dks 5% C;kt nj ij ½.k] tks fd vHkh rd 6.7% C;kt nj ij fey jgk gSA
zzfdlkuksa ds O;fDrxr nq?kZVuk chek dk ykHk 12 xquk c<+k;kA
zzMs;jh m|ksx ds fy;s 100 djksM+ ds iQaM ls 9 yk[k nqXèk mRikndksa dks ykHkA
zzeujsxk ds varxZr tutkrh; {ks=k esa 15 g”kkj Ñf"k dqvksa dh LohÑfrA
zzjkT; esa ,xzh&Vwfj”e dh vikj laHkkouk,¡A
zzfdlkuksa ds fy;s <kbZ g”kkj ls ”;knk dLVe gk;fjax lsaVj cusaxsA
zzbl o"kZ 750 lsaVj LFkkfir gksaxsA
zzfdlkuksa ls vkS"kèkh; iQlyksa dks Hkh viukus dh vihyA
bu lHkh ;kstukvksa ds vfrfjDr jktLFkku jkT; esa Ñf"k lqèkkj ds fy;s vU; mik; Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSa] rkfd Ñf"k
mRikndrk dks c<+k;k tk ldsA
i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, iQlyksa esa dhV ,oa chekfj;ksa ds izcaèku ds fy;s ^tSfod fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe*
dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA blds fy;s fofHkUu izdkj ds ck;ks&,tsaV~l] tSls& VªkbdksdkMa~l rFkk VªkbdksMekZ vkfn ds
mRiknu dks jkT; esa fLFkr ,d tSo&fu;a=k.k iz;ksx'kkyk (jkT; Lrj ij)] nqxkZiqjk (t;iqj) esa fd;k tk jgk gSA blds lkFk
gh jkT; ds izrkix<+] ck¡lokM+k] Mw¡xjiqj rFkk ckjka f”kyksa esa tSfod [ksrh izksRlkgu dk;ZØe pyk;k tk jgk gSA blds
varxZr tSfod [ksrh djus okys fdlkuksa dks 8000 #i, izfr fdlku izfr gsDVs;j dh nj ls vuqnku lgk;rk fn;s tkus
dk izkoèkku fd;k tk jgk gSA tSfod (moZjdksa) ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s Ñf"k foHkkx us Mw¡xjiqj dks iw.kZ tSfod
[ksrh okyk f”kyk cukus dk y{; j[kk gSA
chth; elkyksa dh [ksrh ij cy
chth; elkyksa dh [ksrh eq[;r% 'kq"d izns'kksa esa dh tkrh gS ftldh vuqdwy n'kk,¡ jktLFkku esa fo|eku gSa rFkk
blds mRiknu esa jkT; dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku Hkh jgk gSA orZeku le; esa jkT; ns'k esa chth; elkyksa (tSlsµ esFkh
70.80%] èkfu;k 50%] thjk 60%) ds mRiknu esa izFke LFkku ij gSA jkT; dk tkykSj f”kyk ns'k rFkk laiw.kZ fo'o esa
bZlcxksy dk 40% mRiknu dj izFke LFkku ij gSA lksukeq[kh ds mRiknu esa Hkh jkT; dk izFke LFkku gSA jktLFkku esa
elkyksa dh [ksrh dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn us ,d ^jk"Vªh; (chth; elkyk) vuqlaèkku dasnz*
rchth (vtesj) esa LFkkfir fd;k gSA
izèkkuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk (ih-,e-,iQ-ch-okbZ-)
izèkkuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk [kjhiQ] 2016 ls izkjEHk dh xbZ gSa bl ;kstuk esa [kk|kUu iQlyksa (vukt] eksVk vukt
vkSj nkysa)] frygu vkSj okf"kZd okf.kfT;d@okf"kZd ckxokuh iQlyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSa izhfe;e jkf'k ds varxZrA
Ñ"kd ls [kjhiQ iQly esa 2 izfr'kr] jch esa 1.5 izfr'kr ,oa okf"kZd okf.kfT;d@okf"kZd ckxokuh iQlyksa ds fy;s 5
izfr'kr rd iQly dk chek fd;k tk jgk gSA izhfe;e dk 'ks"k Hkkx dsanz vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk leku :i ls 50%50
izfr'kr ds vuqikr esa chek dEiuh dks Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA jkT; esa izhfe;e lfClMh dk Hkqxrku vkSj iQly dVkbZ
iz;ksxksa ds lapkyu gsrq jkT; foÙk iksf"kr ;kstuk fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA
Ñf"k deZ.k iqjLdkj
Ñf"k ,oa Ñf"k dY;k.k ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jkT; dks o"kZ 2016–17 ds fy;s nygu mRiknu Js.kh esa mRÑ"V
izn'kZu gsrq Ñf"k deZ.k iqjLdkj Lo:i `2.00 djksM+] iz'kfLr i=k ,oa VªkWiQh rFkk jkT; ds nks izxfr'khy Ñ"kd] ,d iq#"k
rFkk ,d efgyk Ñ"kd dks `2 yk[k ,oa iz'kfLr i=k iznku fd;s x, gSaA jkT; dks o"kZ 2017–18 ds fy;s 2 tuojh]
2020 dks nygu Js.kh esa `1.00 djksM+ dk iz'kfLr iqjLdkj iznku fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku Ñf"k foHkkx
ds }kjk lapkfyr izeq[k xfrfofèk;ksa dh HkkSfrd izxfr uhps n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA
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o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku izeq[k xfrfofèk;ksa dh HkkSfrd izxfr
dk;ZØe bdkbZ y{; miyfCèk;ka*
ikbi ykbZu fdeh- 11653 3243
iQkeZ iksUM la[;k 3115 2919
ty gkSt la[;k 494 320
Ñf"k ;a=k la[;k 8894 3692
ikSèk laj{k.k ;a=k la[;k 48326 6734
ftIle forj.k eSfVªd Vu 150000 31800
tSrwu ds {ks=k esa o`f¼ gSDVs;j 70 17
iQly izn'kZu la[;k 274206 194124
iQly feuh fdV forj.k la[;k 122000 250587
lefUor dhV izcaèku izn'kZu la[;k 200 141
Ñ"kd izf'k{k.k (1 o 2 fnolh;) la[;k 8751 5356
e`nk LokLF; dkMZ@uewus la[;k 781600 1917240
* fnlacj] 2019 rd
mRikndrk
Ñf"k foHkkx izeq[k iQlyksa dh mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy;s xEHkhj iz;kl dj jgk gSA jkT; ljdkj ds lrr~ iz;klksa ,oa
dsanz ljdkj dh foÙkh; lgk;rk ls cM+s iSekus ij Ñf"k mRikndrk ds ifj.kkeksa esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ gSA Ñf"k mRikndrk
dk rqyukRed fooj.k eas n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
Ñf"k iQlyksa dh mRikndrk (fdyksxzke@gSDVs;j)
1997–98 ls 2002–03 ls 2007–08 ls
2001–02 2006–07 2011–12 2018–19
iQly 1991–92 2017–18
(vfUre)
(vkSlr) (vkSlr) (vkSlr)
vukt 835 1189 1294 1617 2013 2153
nygu 324 472 407 481 620 636
[kk|kUu 707 991 1058 1291 1470 1552
frygu 762 866 1086 1144 1473 1593
xUuk 43871 46184 51707 61432 70365 83448
dikl (:bZ) 303 337 286 428 551 548
Xokj 131 221 277 409 369 334
mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd o"kZ 1991–92 ls o"kZ 2018–19 rd dh vofèk esa vukt dh mRikndrk esa 157.84
izfr'kr] nyguksa esa 96.30 izfr'kr] ,oa fryguksa esa 109.06 izfr'kr o`f¼ gqbZ gSA dikl (:bZ) dh mRikndrk o"kZ
1991–92 esa 303 fdyksxzke@gSDVs;j Fkh] tks fd c<+dj o"kZ 2018–19 esa 548 fdyksxzke@gSDVs;j gks xbZ gS] tks 80.86
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ n'kkZrh gSA
67
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m|kfudh (Horticulture)
jktLFkku esa m|kfudh fodkl dh foiqy lEHkkouk,a gSaA ;g xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k izlaLdj.k ,oa vU; xkS.k
xfrfofèk;ksa ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k yksxksa dks vfrfjDr jks”kxkj ds volj miyCèk djkrh gSA ifjofrZr ctV izkoèkku o"kZ
2019–20 esa jkT; vk;kstuk en esa LohÑr `369.96 djksM+ (dsanzh;ka'k lfgr) ds izkoèkku dh rqyuk esa fnlEcj] 2019
rd `160.43 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSaA jkT; ;kstukUrxZr 7 gSDVs;j {ks=k esa iQy cxhpksa dh LFkkiuk] 617 gSDVs;j {ks=k
esa ikSèk laj{k.k mik; ,oa lCth ds 2]072 izn'kZu yxk, x, gSaA jkT; esa m|kfudh fodkl ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr ;kstuk,¡
Hkh lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSa&
jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku (,u-,p-,e-)
jkT; ds p;fur 24 ftys Øe'k% t;iqj] vtesj] vyoj] fpÙkkSM+x<+] dksVk] ckjka] >kykokM+] tksèkiqj] ikyh] tkykSj]
ckM+esj] ukxkSj] ckalokM+k] Vksad] djkSyh] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] mn;iqj] Mwaxjiqj] HkhyokM+k] cwUnh] >qU>quwa] fljksgh] tSlyesj ,oa
Jhxaxkuxj esa fofHkUu m|kfudh iQlyksa ;Fkk& iQy] elkyk ,oa iwQyksa ds {ks=kiQy] mRiknu o mRikndrk esa o`f¼ dh xbZ
gSA bl ;kstuk esa ifjofrZr ctV izkoèkku o"kZ 2019–20 esa `71.75 djksM+ (`43.05 djksM+ dsanzh; va'k rFkk `28.70
djksM+ jkT; va'k ds :i esa) dh ,d dk;Z ;kstuk LohÑr dh xbZ gSA bl fe'ku ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlEcj]
2019 rd `40.66 djksM+ (`24.40 djksM+ dsanzh;ka'k rFkk `16.26 djksM+ jkT;ka'k ds :i esa) O;; fd;s x, gSaA blh vofèk
esa 3,155 gSDVs;j esa iQyksa ds cxhps LFkkfir fd;s x, gSaA o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd 2.76 yk[k oxZehVj
{ks=k esa xzhu gkmQl] 0.24 yk[k oxZehVj {ks=k esa 'ksMusV] 0.19 yk[k oxZehVj {ks=k esa IykfLVd Vuy] 11 gSDVs;j {ks=k esa
IykfLVd efYpax] 289 oehZ dEiksLV bdkbZ LFkkfir] 715 de ykxr ds I;kt Hk.Mkj.kksa dks fuekZ.k] 57 iSd gkml ,oa
89 ty laxzg.k L=kksrksa dk fodkl fd;k tk pqdk gSA
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk&lw{e flapkbZ (ih-,e-ds-,l-okbZ-&,e-vkbZ-)

jkT; esa ty ,d lhfer ,oa cgqewY; lalkèku gSA bl n`f"V ls iQly mRikndrk c<+kus ,oa ikuh dks cpkus ds fy;s
y?kq flapkbZ i¼fr easa fMªi ,oa iQOokjk flapkbZ i¼fr] izHkkoh ty izcaèku dh O;oLFkk gSA blesa lHkh Js.kh ds Ñ"kdksa ds
fy;s dsanz ,oa jkT; ljdkj dk vuqikr 60:40 gSA o"kZ 2019–20 ds fy;s `117.92 djksM+ (dsanzh;ka'k `70.75 djksM+ o
jkT;ka'k `47.17 djksM+) dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA fMªi ,oa iQOokjksa }kjk flapkbZ ds fy;s jkT; fufèk esa vfrfjDr vuqnku
ds :i esa `21.78 djksM+ j[ks x, gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd `55.53 djksM+ (dsanzh;ka'k `33.32 djksM+ ,oa
jkT;ka'k `22.21 djksM+) ,oa vfrfjDr lfClMh ds `8.36 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSaA jkT; dk fnlEcj] 2019 rd 11,190
gSDVs;j {ks=k fMªi] feuh iQOokjk la;a=kksa ,oa 25,612 gSDVs;j {ks=k iQOokjk flapkbZ ds varxZr vkrk gSA
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk (vkj-ds-oh-okbZ-)
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk esa ckxokuh foHkkx ds fy;s xfBr jkT; Lrjh; LohÑfr lfefr }kjk o"kZ 2019–20 esa
`94.49 djksM+ m|kkfudh fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s LohÑr fd;s x, gSaA blds varxZr [ktwj dh [ksrh] jk"Vªh; m|kfudh
fe'ku ls oafpr ftyksa esa m|kkfudh fodkl dk;ZØe] 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa osftVscy DyLVj] >kykokM+] èkkSyiqj] Vksad] cwanh]
fpÙkkSM+x<+ o lokbZ ekèkksiqj esa mRÑ"Vrk dsanz dh LFkkiuk] cLlh (t;iqj) esa vukj o ukUrk (dksVk) esa [kV~Vs iQyksa ds
mUur mRiknu dsanzksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k] lajf{kr [ksrh dk fodkl vkfn ij fnlEcj] 2019 rd `26.06 djksM+ O;; fd;s x,
gSaA jkT; ds m|kfudh foHkkx dh LFkkiuk ds ckn ckxokuh iQlyksa ds {ks=kiQy] mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk esa mYys[kuh;
o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
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iQy] lfCt;ksa vkSj elkyksa dk {ks=kiQy] mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk dk fooj.k uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
iQyksa] lfCt;ksa vkSj elkyksa dk {ks=kiQy] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk
iQYk lfCt;k¡ elkys
(fdxzk-@gSDVs;j esa)
(eSfVªd Vu esa)
(eSfVªd Vu esa)
(eSfVªd Vu esa)
(gSDVs;j esa)
(gSDVs;j esa)
(gSDVs;j esa)
mRikndrk
mRikndrk
mRikndrk
o"kZ
{ks=kiQy
{ks=kiQy
{ks=kiQy
mRiknu
mRiknu
mRiknu
1992-93 ls
1996-97 20460 220390 10772 70615 340819 4826 429517 305320 711
(vkSlr)
2002-03 ls
2006-07 24503 297563 12144 115388 606632 5257 453719 416021 917
(vkSlr)
2007-08 ls
2011-12 31936 473238 14818 145183 890147 6131 668692 653742 978
(vkSlr)
2012-13 ls
2016-17 41726 712658 16987 160320 1450711 8870 891384 916568 1006
(vkSlr)
2017-18 54207 736350 13584 166234 1699584 10224 902650 1392301 1542
2018-19 57933 956430 16509 166175 1602294 9642 916848 1096838 1196
Ñf"k foi.ku (Agriculture Marketing)

jkT; ds Ñ"kdksa dks mudh mit dk mfpr ewY; fnykus gsrq vPNh foi.ku dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus rFkk jkT; esa
e.Mh fu;ked ,oa izcaèku dks izHkkoh <ax ls ykxw djus gsrq Ñf"k foi.ku funs'kky; dk;Zjr gSA
¶jktho xkaèkh Ñ"kd lkFkh ;kstuk¸ ds varxZr Ñ"kdksa] [ksfrgj e”knwjksa ,oa gEekyksa vkfn dks dk;Z LFky ij nq?kZVuko'k
e`R;q gksus ij jkf'k `2 yk[k dh lgk;rk nh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa 2,087 fdlkuksa dks fnlEcj] 2019 rd `30.26
djksM+ dk Hkqxrku fd;k x;k gSA jkT; esa ^lqij*] ^v* ,oa ^c* Js.kh dh Ñf"k mit e.Mh lfefr;ksa (iQy vkSj lCth
eafM;ksa ds ;kMks± esa) ds izkax.k esa viuh mit foØ; djus gsrq vkus okys Ñ"kdksa dks vuqnkfur nj ij xq.koÙkkiw.kZ Hkkstu
miyCèk djkus ds mís'; ls ¶fdlku dysok ;kstuk¸ izkjEHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa 23.91
yk[k Ñ"kdksa ,oa e”knwjksa dks e.Mh izkax.k esa vuqnkfur njksa ij Hkkstu miyCèk djk;k tkdj fnlEcj] 2019 rd `6.26
djksM+ dh lgk;rk jkf'k nh x;h gSA
jkT; esa ¶egkRek T;ksfrck iqQys e.Mh Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk&2015¸ ykxw dh x;h gSA bl ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzizlwfr lgk;rk
zzfookg ds fy;s lgk;rk

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zzNk=ko`fÙk@esèkkoh
Nk=k iqjLdkj ;kstuk
zzfpfdRlk lgk;rk
zzfir`Ro vodk'k
Ñf"k foi.ku cksMZ

jkT; esa ,d O;kid uhfr ¶jktLFkku Ñf"k izlaLdj.k] Ñf"k O;olk; ,oa Ñf"k fu;kZr izksRlkgu uhfr&2019¸ fnukad
17 fnlacj] 2019 ls izkjEHk dh x;h gSA
bl ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu izdkj gSa&
zzlewg vkèkkfjr dk;Z iz.kkyh }kjk iQly dVkbZ ds ckn dh gkfu;ksa dks de djukA
zzÑ"kdksa ,oa muds laxBuksa dh lgHkkfxrk c<+kukA
zzÑ"kdksa ,oa muds laxBuksa dh vkiwfrZ ,oa ewY; laoèkZu Jà[kyk esa izR;{k Hkkxhnkjh c<+krs gq, mudh vk; esa o`f¼ ds
mik; djukA
zzjkT; dh mRiknu cgqyrk okyh fof'k"V iQlyksa tSls& thjk] èkfu;k] lkSaiQ] vtokbu] Xokj] bZlcxksy] nygu] frygu]
esganh] fdUuw] lsUuk] vukj ,oa rktk lfCt;ksa vkfn ds ewY; laoèkZu rFkk fu;kZr dks izksRlkgu nsukA
zz[kk| izlaLdj.k ds {ks=k esa izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øeksa ds }kjk dkS'ky fodkl dj jks”kxkj dk l`tu djukA
foÙkh; izkoèkku
zzfdlkuksa vkSj muds laxBu ds fy;s Ñf"k&izlaLdj.k vkSj volajpuk fodkl ds fy;s iwathxr vuqnku ds :i esa ifj;kstuk
ykxr dk 50 izfr'kr ;k vfèkdre `100 yk[k] Ñ"kdksa dks vkSj vU; lHkh ik=k m|fe;ksa ds fy;s ifj;kstuk ykxr
dk 25 izfr'kr vfèkdre `50 yk[k dk izkoèkku gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj ds rgr fdlku vkSj muds laxBu dks ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 10 izfr'kr vfèkdre `100 yk[k vkSj
vU; lHkh m|fe;ksas ds fy;s `50 yk[k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s vfrfjDr iwath fuos'k lfClMh dk izkoèkku gSA
zztutkfr mi&;kstuk {ks=k ;k fiNM+s ftyksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr fdlkuksa vkSj muds laxBuksa ds
100 izfr'kr LokfeRo okyh bdkb;k¡ ;k efgyk m|eh vkSj ;qok m|eh] ftudh vk;q 35 o"kZ ls de dks ,d izfr'kr
vfrfjDr lfClMh ns; gSA
zzfdlkuksa vkSj muds laxBuksa ds fy;s 5 lky dh vofèk ds nkSjku bUizQkLVªDpjy izkstsDV~l ds fy;s C;kt lfClMh dh
vfèkdre lhek `100 yk[k] Ñ"kdksa dks vkSj vU; lHkh Jsf.k;ksa ds fy;s `50 yk[k gksxhA
zzjktLFkku ewy ds Ñf"k mRiknksa ds fu;kZr ds fy;s `10 ls `15 yk[k izfro"kZ dk vuqnku rhu o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s
gSA mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk dks leFkZ djus vkSj fu;kZr cktkjksa dk nksgu ,oa tSfod mRiknu ds fy;s 5 lky dh nh?kZ
vofèk ds fy;s izfro"kZ vfèkdre `20 yk[k dh mPp ifjogu lfClMh dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzvU; jkT;ksa ds cktkjksa ds fy;s jkT;ksa ds iQy] lfCt;ksa vkSj iwQyksa ds 300 fdeh- ls vfèkd ifjogu ds fy;s rhu
lky dh vofèk ds fy;s izfro"kZ okf"kZd `15 yk[k dh lfClMh dk izkoèkku gSA
zz5 o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s izfro"kZ `2.00 yk[k dh vfèkdre lhek ds lkFk `1 fdyksokV izfr ?k.Vk dh nj ls
fctyh nj lfClMh rFkk `10 yk[k dh vfèkdre lhek ds lkFk vkSj mQtkZ la;a=k ij ykxr dk 30 izfr'kr lfClMh
dk izkoèkku gSA
lk[k lqfoèkk% bl uhfr ds rgr ifj;kstukvksa gsrq èku dh vklkuh ls miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s jktLFkku
jkT; lgdkjh cSad fyfeVsM esa vfèkdre `500 djksM+ dh ,d vyx fufèk gSA
Ñ"kd dY;k.k dks"k dk xBu% ¶fdlkuksa ds fy;s O;kikj o [ksrh djus esa vklkuh dh rtZ ij izeq[k igy djrs
gq, `1,000 djksM+ dh jkf'k ls fnukad 16 fnlEcj] 2019 dks ^Ñ"kd dY;k.k dks"k* dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA bl dks"k
dks fdlkuksa dks muds mRiknksa dk ;Fkksfpr ewY; fnykus gsrq dke esa fy;k tk,xkA¸
70
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o"kZ 2019–20 esa e.Mh ;kdks±] mi ;kMks± ,oa lM+d fuekZ.k dk;ks± ij fnlEcj] 2019 rd `202.77 djksM+ O;;
fd;s x, gSaA Ñf"k mit e.Mh lfefr;ksa esa fnlacj] 2019 rd 248.59 fdeh- lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku esa i'kqikyu

i'kqikyu
jktLFkku esa i'kqikyu] fo'ks"kdj 'kq"d o v¼Z 'kq"d {ks=kksa esa Ñf"k dh lgk;d xfrfofèk gh ugha gS] cfYd ,d
izeq[k vkfFkZd xfrfofèk gS] tks fd vdky dh fLFkfr esa Ñ"kd dks vR;fèkd lqj{kk iznku djrh gSA Ñf"k mRiknu ds
lkFk&lkFk i'kqikyu jktLFkku dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ xfrfofèk gSA i'kqikyu 'kq"d Ñf"k dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax gSA i'kqikyu
o"kkZ vkèkkfjr {ks=k esa Ñf"k iz.kkyh dh vkfFkZd O;ogk;Zrk vkSj LFkkf;Ro dks c<+krk gSA 'kq"d if'peh {ks=k esa i'kqikyu]
lw[ks ,oa vdky dh ekj ds fo:¼ lqj{kk dop dk dke djrk gS vkSj xjhc xzkeh.kksa dks lrr~ ,oa LFkk;h vkthfodk
iznku djuk gSA
jkT; esa 'kq"d {ks=k esa nwèk nsus okyh mUur uLy (jkBh] xhj] lkghoky rFkk Fkkjikjdj)] nwèk o [ksrh nksuksa dk;Z ds
fy;s dkadjst o gfj;k.kk uLy ds xkSoa'k rFkk ukxkSjh o ekyoh dh ladj uLy izpqj ek=kk esa gSaA jktLFkku i'kq lEink
esa le`¼ jkT; gSA ns'k ds loksZÙke xkSoa'k] HksM+] cdjh] ?kksM+k o mQ¡V dh uLysa jkT; esa gSaA
i'kq x.kuk&2019 ds vuqlkj] jkT; esa dqy 567.76 yk[k i'kqèku ,oa 146.23 yk[k dqDdqV gSaA ns'k ds dqy i'kqèku
dk 10.60 izfr'kr i'kqèku jktLFkku esa miyCèk gSA ;gk¡ ns'k dk 7.23 izfr'kr xkSoa'k] 12.47 izfr'kr HkSal] 14.00 izfr'kr
cdfj;ka] 10.64 izfr'kr HksM+ rFkk 84.43 izfr'kr mQ¡V miyCèk gSA jk"Vªh; mRiknu esa o"kZ 2017–18 esa jkT; dk ;ksxnku
nwèk mRiknu esa 12.72 izfr'kr ,oa mQu mRiknu esa 34.46 izfr'kr gSA
i'kqikyu foHkkx] i'kqèku esa uLy lqèkkj ds lkFk izHkkoh LokLF; ns[kHkky dh lefUor lsok,a rFkk i'kqikydksa esa
tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa esa lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr djus ds mís'; ls nwjLFk bykdksa rd i'kq fpfdRlk rFkk vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkk,¡
igq¡pkus dk iz;kl dj jgk gSA jkT; esa i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkkvksa ds foLrkj dh fLFkfr n'kkbZ xbZ gSA
nwèk dk mRiknu 2015–16 ds 18,500 gtkj Vu ls c<+dj o"kZ 2018–19 esa 23,668 gtkj Vu gks x;k gS] tks
fd 27.94 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ n'kkZrk gSA blh rjg v.Mksa dk mRiknu o"kZ 2015–16 ds 1,385 fefy;u ls c<+dj o"kZ
2018–19 esa 1,662 fefy;u gks x;k gSA
jktLFkku jkT; Hk.Mkj.k O;oLFkk fuxe dh miyfCèk;k¡
Ø- miyfCèk;k¡
en
la- 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20*
1. vkSlr Hk.Mkj.k {kerk 10.99 11.03 11.93 14.84 14.44
(yk[k eSfVªd Vu)
2. vkSlr mi;ksfxrk 8.68 9.17 10.47 15.36 14.61
(yk[k eSfVªd Vu)
3. vkSlr mi;ksfxrk izfr'kr 79% 83% 88% 103% 101%
4. Hk.Mkj.k {kerk dk fuekZ.k 60600 43050 57500 21600 16350
(eSfVªd Vu)
5. Hk.Mkj x`gksa dh la[;k 91 93 93 93 93
dqy vk; (` yk[k esa) 7537.01 9111.10 12343.41 26660.01 21789.74
(izkoèkkfud)
* fnlEcj] 2019 rd
71
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT; esa i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkk,¡
laLFkk,¡ 2008 2013 2018 2019*
cgqmís';kh; i'kq fpfdRlky; 14 34 35 35
izFke Js.kh i'kq fpfdRlky; 174 775 785 786
i'kq fpfdRlky; 1545 1518 1710 1709
i'kq vkS"kèkky; - 202 198 198
i'kq fpfdRlk mi dsanz 1862 2167 5067 5293
ftyk py i'kq fpfdRlk bdkbZ 6 34 102 102
* fnlEcj] 2019 rd
i'kqèku mRikn mRiknu
nqXèk mRiknu ekal mRiknu v.Mk mRiknu mQu mRiknu
o"kZ
(gtkj Vu) (gtkj Vu) (gtkj Vu) (gtkj Vu)
2015-16 18500 180 1385 134
2016-17 20850 180 1363 143
2017-18 22427 188 1455 143
2018-19* 23668 192 1662 145
* izkoèkkfud
ekal mRiknu esa ;gh izo`fÙk ns[kh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2015–16 esa ekal mRiknu 180 gtkj Vu ls c<+dj o"kZ 2018–19
esa 192 gtkj Vu gks x;k gSA rFkkfi o"kZ 2015–16 esa mQu mRiknu 134 yk[k fdxzk- ls c<+dj o"kZ 2018–19 esa
145 yk[k fdxzk- gks x;k gSA
i'kqvksa esa jksx fu;a=k.k gsrq o"kZ 2019–20 esa 348.69 yk[k Vhdkdj.k fd;s x,A i'kqvksa esa mUur uLyksa ds fy;s
fnlacj] 2019 rd 2.42 yk[k cM+s i'kqvksa ,oa 4.05 yk[k NksVs i'kqvksa dk caè;kdj.k rFkk 27.22 yk[k Ñf=ke xHkkZèkku
fd;s x,A
o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku i'kqikyu foHkkx }kjk mBk, x, izeq[k dne%
zzjkT; ds xkS ,oa HkSal oa'kh; i'kqvksa dks ,iQ-,e-Mh- ([kqjidk ,oa eq¡gidk jksx) jksx ls eqDr fd;s x, tkus ds fy;s
dsanz ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls pyk, tk jgs jkT;O;kih Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,d o"kZ esa nks ckj Vhdkdj.k
vfHk;ku pyk, tk jgs gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd 163.28 yk[k i'kqvksa dk
Vhdkdj.k fd;k x;kA
zzi'kqèku fu%'kqYd vkjksX; ;kstuk ds varxZr i'kqikydksa dks fu;fer ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20
esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd bl ;kstuk esa 78.58 yk[k fdlku ykHkkfUor gq, gSaA ;g ;kstuk leLr foHkkxh; i'kq fpfdRlk
laLFkkvksa ,oa leLr mipkj f'kfojksa esa miyCèk gSA
zzuLy lqèkkj dk;ZØe dk Hkh {kerko¼Zu fd;k tk jgk gSA futh ,dhÑr fodkl dsanzksa ds foLrkj ds ekè;e ls iztuu
lsokvksa esa lqèkkj fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzi'kqikyd fdlkuksa ds fy;s izf'k{k.k lqfoèkkvksa esa lqèkkj dj foLrkj fd;k x;k gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku varxZr jktLFkku esa HksM+ o cdjh oa'k dh uLy lqèkkj (th-vkbZ-th-,l-)
;kstuk lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS] ftlesa dsanz ,oa jkT; dh fgLlk jkf'k dk izfr'kr 60%40 gSA ;g ifj;kstuk orZeku esa
jktLFkku ds vtesj] t;iqj] lhdj] jktleUn] fpÙkkSM+x<+ pw:] fljksgh ,oa dqpkeuflVh (ukxkSj) ftyksa esa lapkfyr gSA
72
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zziksYVªhikydksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku varxZr buksosfVo iksYVªh izksMfDVfoVh izkstsDV (vkbZ-ih-ih-ih-) 'kq: fd;k
x;k gSA bl izkstsDV ds varxZr czk;yj vkSj ,y-vkbZ-Vh- ys;j mRiknu ifj;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA
zzo"kZ 2019–20 esa mu xzke iapk;rksa esa] tgk¡ foHkkxh; i'kq fpfdRlk lqfoèkk miyCèk ugh gS] 400 uohu i'kq fpfdRlk
mi&dsanz [kskys tkus gS] ftuesa ls fnlEcj] 2019 rd 226 uohu i'kq fpfdRlk mi&dsanz [kksys tk pqds gSaA
xksikyu foHkkx
xksikyu funs'kky; dk y{; laj{k.k dk;ZØeksa ,oa jkT; esa xkS&oa'k dh la[;k esa o`f¼ (ftlesa jkT; dh xkS'kkykvksa
ds nqyZHk xkS&oa'k Hkh lfEefyr gSa) ,oa jkT; esa fofHkUu izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ds ekè;e ls xkS'kkyk izcaèkdksa dks tSfod
Ñf"k] pkjk mRiknu] xkSoa'k mRiknksa dk foi.ku] iapxO; mRiknksa esa v{k; mQtkZ dk mi;ksx ,oa ewY; lao¼Zu ds {ks=k esa
izcaèkdh; dkS'ky iznku djus gsrq n`<+rk ds lkFk c<+kok nsuk gSA
xkS'kkykvksa@dkath gkml esa laèkkfjr vukFk] ?kqearq o vuqoZj o`¼ i'kqvksa dks i'kq vkgkj] pkjk vkSj is;ty gsrq 180
fnol dh lgk;rk fn;s tkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA izFke pj.k esa xkS'kkykvksa dks fnlEcj 2019 rd `230.37 djksM+
forfjr fd;s x,A blds vfrfjDr tuojh] iQjojh ,oa ekpZ] 2019 esa `204 djksM+ forfjr vkSj vuqnku lek;ksftr fd;k
x;kA
oèk ls cpk, x, eosf'k;ksa dks xkS'kkykvksa esa j[kus ds fy;s cM+s eosf'k;ksa ds fy;s `40 izfr eos'kh izfrfnu ,oa NksVs
eosf'k;ksa ds fy;s `20 izfr eos'kh izfrfnu lgk;rk nh tk jgh gSA 31 fnlEcj] 2019 rd bl ;kstuk ij `64.28 yk[k
O;; fd;s x, gSaA
vkokjk vkSj HkVds gq, i'kq eosf'k;ksa dh leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s uanh xkS'kkyk tu lg;ksx ;kstuk gSA 14 uanh
'kkykvksa dks LohÑfr nh xbZ gSA xkS'kkyk ck;ks xSl lgtx`g ;kstuk ds rgr] iathÑr xkS'kkykvksa esa 6 ck;ksxSl la;a=k
LFkkfir fd;s tkus gSa rkfd mUgsa mQtkZ ds {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZj cuk;k tk ldsA ;g ifj;kstuk xkS'kkykvksa dks vkRefuHkZj
vkSj Lora=k cukus ds fy;s izkjEHk dh xbZ gSA blds fy;s 6 xkS'kkykvksa dks fpfUg~r fd;k x;k gSA
xkS vH;kj.; ;kstuk ds rgr] chdkusj esa 221.31 gSDVs;j Hkwfe xkS vH;kj.; ds fy;s vkjf{kr gSA de&ls&de
100 eosf'k;ksa okys iathÑr xkS'kkykvksa esa cqfu;knh <kaps ('ksM] ikuh vkSj pkjk) ds fodkl ds fy;s vfèkdre 10 yk[k
dh lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy;s ,d le>kSrk Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, gSaA blds rgr 69 xkS'kkykvksa ds fy;s
iz'kklfud LohÑfr vkSj 35 xkS'kkykvksa ds fy;s foÙkh; LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZ gSA
Ñf"k lgdkfjrk (Agriculture Co-operative)

lgdkjh lk[k lajpuk
orZeku esa] lgdkfjrk {ks=k esa 'kh"kZ Lrj ij 29 dsanzh; lgdkjh cSad] 21 nqXèk la?k] 37 miHkksDrk Fkksd Hk.Mkj] 36
izkFkfed Hkwfe fodkl cSad] 6,645 izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lgdkjh lfefr;k¡] 271 iQy ,oa lCth foi.ku lfefr;k¡ gSA
jkT; esa 23 la?kksa lfgr dqy 35,292 lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ izns'k esa iathÑr gSaA jkT; ds Ñ"kdksa dks iQly mRiknu gsrq
vYidkyhu Ñf"k Í.k iznku fd;s tk jgs gSaA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku `230.00 djksM+ ds y{; ds fo:¼ `41.35
djksM+ ds nh?kZdkyhu Í.k forfjr fd;s x, gSA 17.98 yk[k fdlkuksa dks fnlEcj] 2019 rd `216.14 djksM+ ds
eè;dkyhu Ñf"k Í.k ,oa `7,215.97 djksM+ ds vYidkyhu Ñf"k Í.k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA
jktLFkku Ñ"kd Í.k ekiQh ;kstuk&2019
jkT; ljdkj }kjk ^jktLFkku Ñ"kd Í.k ekiQh ;kstuk 2019* dks LohÑr dh gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr fnlEcj] 2019
rd Í.k ekiQh iksVZy ds vuqlkj 27.47 yk[k fdlku `7,443.48 djksM+ ds y?kq vofèk ds Ñf"k Í.k ekiQh ls ykHkkfUor
gq, gSA
73
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT; ljdkj us ¶jktLFkku Ñ"kd Í.k ekiQh ;kstuk 2019 (eè;kofèk vkSj nh?kZdkfyd Í.k ekiQh)¸ dks Hkh LohÑfr
nh xbZ gSa bl ;kstuk ds rgr fnlEcj] 2019 rd Í.k ekiQh iksVZy ds vuqlkj `245.96 djksM+ ds eè;dkyhu vkSj
nh?kZdkfyd Í.k ekiQh ls 21,475 fdlku ykHkkfUor gq, gSaA
fdlku lsok iksVZy
jktLFkku ljdkj us fdlku ls tqM+h lsokvksa ;Fkk&Í.k vkosnu] lfClMh vkfn dks ,d eap ls iznku djus ds fy;s
,d ,dhÑr fdlku lsok iksVZy 'kq: fd;k gSA orZeku esa 61 yk[k ls vfèkd fdlkuksa us viuh Hkwfe dk fooj.k ntZ
fd;k gS] tks bl iksVZy ij izèkkuea=kh fdlku fufèk ds rgr jktLo vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk lR;kfir gSaA
jkt lgdkj iksVZy
jkT; ljdkj dh mÙkjnk;h vkSj ikjn'khZ iz.kkyh ds fy;s jkt lgdkj iksVZy 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,d ,dhÑr
eap gSA bl iksVZy dk mi;ksx lgdkfjrk foHkkx dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ;Fkk& vYidkfyd iQly Í.k vkosnu] U;wure
leFkZu ewY; (,e-,l-ih-) vkosnu] vkWuykbu Hkqxrku] ubZ lkslk;Vh ds iathdj.k dk vkosnu] xSj&ljdkjh laxBu
(,u-th-vks-) iathdj.k] xsEl isQMjs'ku iathdj.k] lgdkjh laLFkk dh pquko iz.kkyh] dksVZ ds'k dh fLFkfr] vkWfMV fjiksVZ]
iQly Í.k vkSj Í.k ekiQh dh fLFkfr vkfn lqfoèkkvksa ds fy;s fd;k tk jgk gSA
Kku lkxj ØsfMV ;kstuk
jkT; esa xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks O;kolkf;d o rduhdh ikB~;Øeksa esa izos'k ysus ,oa Nk=kksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa
dks foÙkh; lgk;rk miyCèk djkus ds mís'; ls ;g ;kstuk izkjEHk dh xbZ gSA Hkkjr esa f'k{kk izkIr djus ij Í.k dh
vfèkdre lhek `6.00 yk[k rFkk fons'k esa `10.00 yk[k fuèkkZfjr gSA Nk=kkvksa dks C;kt nj esa 0.50 izfr'kr NwV dk
izkoèkku gSaA
izèkkuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk
jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkT; esa o"kZ 2016 esa izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k chek ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ] ftlds varxZr lwphc¼ {ks=k esa
iQly mxkus okys fdlkuksa dh iQly dk chek vfuok;Z :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA lHkh dsanzh; ljdkjh cSadksa (lh-lh-ch-)
dks jkT; ljdkj ls izkIr vè;kns'k ds vkèkkj ij iQlyh chek djus gsrq funsZf'kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA bl ;kstuk ds fy;s
dsanz ljdkj }kjk ,d u;k iksVZy 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA fdlkuksa@iQlyksa ls lacafèkr tkudkjh jkT; ds dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa
}kjk viyksM dh tkuh gSA [kjhiQ] 2019–20 iQly gsrq jkT; ds leLr dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa }kjk iksVZy ds vuqlkj
11.96 yk[k ikWfyfl;k¡ tkjh dh xbZ gSA jch 2019–20 iQly gsrq jkT; ds leLr dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa }kjk 9.60 yk[k
ikWfyfl;k¡ tkjh dh xbZ gSA
Lojkstxkj ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk
jk"Vªh; cSad }kjk izk;ksftr Lojkstxkj ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk ds varxZr xSj Ñf"k xfrfofèk;ksa gsrq `50,000 rd ds Í.k
miyCèk djok, x, gSaA izkFkfed Hkwfe fodkl cSdksa (ih-,y-Mh-ch-) }kjk o"kZ 2019–20 esa 37 ekeyksa esa `21.00 yk[k
ds Í.k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA Í.k dh vofèk ik¡p o"kZ gSA bl ;kstuk esa dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa (lh-lh-ch-) }kjk o"kZ
2019–20 esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd `6.71 djksM+ dk Í.k forfjr fd;k x;k gSA
efgyk fodkl Í.k ;kstuk

efgyk fodkl Í.k ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls Hkwfe fodkl cSad Ñf"k Hkwfe dh lqj{kk ds fcuk] 2 O;fDr;ksa dh xkjaVh
ds ekè;e ls xSj&Ñf"k mís';ksa vkSj Ms;jh O;olk; ds fy;s `50,000 dk Í.k iznku djds efgykvksa ds fy;s vk; ds
lzksr cuk jgs gSaA o"kZ 2019–20 esa] bl ;kstuk ds rgr 148 efgykvksa dks `4.36 djksM+ dk dqy Í.k forfjr fd;k
x;k gSA
74
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lgdkjh fdlku dY;k.k ;kstuk
fdlkuksa dh Ñf"k Í.k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa (lh-lh-ch-) dh 'kk[kkvksa vkSj
izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lfefr;ksa (iSDl) ds ekè;e ls jkT; ljdkj }kjk lgdkjh fdlku dY;k.k ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ bl
;kstuk ds vuqlkj] Ñf"k vkSj lac¼ Ñf"k mís';ksa ds fy;s vfèkdre `10.00 yk[k dk Í.k iznku djrs gSaA bl ;kstuk
ds rgr o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku fnlacj] 2019 rd `50.98 djksM+ dk Í.k forfjr fd;k x;k gSA
2019–20 dh ctV ?kks"k.kk esa] jkT; ljdkj us fdlkukas dks 'kwU; izfr'kr C;kt nj ij vYidkfyd Ñf"k Í.k tkjh
djus dk izkoèkku fd;k gSA bl mís'; dks izkIr djus ds fy;s] jkT; ljdkj us lgdkjh Í.k cSadksa dks izfriwjd C;kt
vuqnku ds :i esa `150 djksM+ dk ctV izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
iQlyh Í.k forj.k dh vkWu&ykbZu izfØ;k
[kjhiQ] 2019 ls ¶lgdkjh iQlyh Í.k vkWuykbZu iath;u ,oa forj.k ;kstuk] 2019 dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k x;k gSA
jkT; ljdkj }kjk vYidkyhu iQlyh Í.k ds lacaèk esa tkjh lgdkjh lk[k uhfr fnukad 11 tqykbZ] 2018 ,oa jftLVªkj]
lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ }kjk ifji=k fnukad 27 ekpZ] 2019 ds lanHkZ esa iQlyh Í.k forj.k esa LFkkuh; foosdkèkhurk dks
lekIr dj blds ,d:ih] ikjn'kZhZ ,oa lqO;oLFkfr cukus ds n`f"Vdks.k ls vkèkkj vkèkkfjr vfHkizek.kiu ds i'pkr~
fMftVy lnL; jftLVj (Mh-,e-vkj-) ds ekè;e ls fdlkuksa dks iQlyh Í.k forj.k fd;s tkus ds mís'; ls lgdkjh
iQlyh Í.k izfØ;k esa fdlku ls vkosnu izkIr djus ls ysdj ukckMZ ls iquHkZj.k izkIr djus dh izfØ;k dks vkWuykbZu
djrs gq, vYidkyhu iQlyh Í.kh forj.k gsrq lgdkjh iQlyh Í.k iksVZy l`ftr fd;k x;k gS] ftl ij iath;u ,oa
vkèkkj vkèkkfjr vfHkizek.kiu ds i'pkr~ Mh-,e-vkj- ds ekè;e ls vYidkyhu iQlyh Í.k forj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA¸
tu vkS"kfèk dsanz
izèkkuea=kh tu vkS"kfèk ifj;kstuk ds varxZr dkWuiSQM }kjk 200 tu vkS"kfèk dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xhA orZeku esa
tu vkS"kfèk dsanz&mn;iqj] tksèkiqj] >qa>quwa vkSj Mwaxjiqj f”kyksa esa Fkksd miHkksDrk HkaMkj }kjk vkSj t;iqj esa dkWuiSQM }kjk
lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSaA ,d tu vkS"kfèk dsanz ,l-,e-,l- vLirky] t;iqj esa dkWuiSQM }kjk lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA
vkSj ,d nok fcØh dsanz larksdck nqyZHkth eseksfj;y gkWfLiVy (,l-Mh-,e-,p-) t;iqj esa lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA
vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad
jkT; esa orZeku esa 33 vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad dk;Zjr gSA ftuesa ls 3 cSad jsyos deZpkjh lSysjh vjuj lgdkjh
cSad gS ,oa 6 cSad efgyk vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSA vkn'kZ dks&vkWijsfVo cSad] fiQuxzksFk dks&vkWijsfVo
cSad eYVh LVsV dks&vkWijsfVo ,DV] 2002 esa jftLVMZ gSA bu cSadksa esa `7,200 djksM+ ls vfèkd dh vekursa gS rFkk
fgLlk iwath `251 djksM+ gS] ftu ij O;kolkf;d cSadksa ls yxHkx ,d izfr'kr C;kt vfèkd fn;k tkrk gS o tek dk
Hkh fu;ekuqlkj chek djk;k tkrk gSA 31 ekpZ] 2019 dks bu cSadksa dk Í.k cdk;k `3,900 djksM+ ,oa dk;Z'khy iwath
`8,500 djksM+ gS] budk 'kq¼ ykHk `70 djksM+ gSA vjcu cSad yxHkx 4 yk[k yksxksa dks cSafdax lqfoèkk iznku dj
jgs gSaA
lgdkjh foi.ku lajpuk
jkT; esa izR;sd e.Mh ;kMZ ij vkSj ,isDl Lrj ij Ø;&foØ; lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ (jktiSQM) dk;Zjr gSA ;s lfefr;k¡
jkT; esa fdlkuksa dks mit dk mfpr ewY; fnyokus] Ñf"k mRiknu esa c<+ksrjh ds fy;s mUur fdLe ds izekf.kr cht]
[kkn] ,oa dhVuk'kd nokbZ;k¡ mfpr ewY; ij miyCèk djkus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku lgdkjh
foi.ku lfefr;ksa }kjk miHkksDrk lkexzh] Ñf"k vknku ,oa Ñf"k mit ij Øe'k% `256.75 djksM+] `472.01 djksM+] ,oa
`4,366.65 djksM+ dk foi.ku fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku jktiSQM }kjk fdlkuksa dks fnlacj] 2019 rd
606.00 eSfVªd Vu cht forfjr fd;s x, gSaA

75
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lgdkjh miHkksDrk lajpuk
miHkksDrkvksa dks dkykcktkjh vkSj cktkj esa Ñf=ke vHkko ls cpkus ds fy;s lgdkjh laLFkk,¡ izHkkoh :i ls dk;Z
dj jgh gSa tSls& miHkksDrk mRiknksa dks mfpr ewY; ij miyCèk djokukA bl mís'; ds fy;s ftyk Lrj ij jkT; esa 37
lgdkjh miHkksDrk gksylsy Hk.Mkj iathÑr rFkk 'kh"kZ laLFkk ds :i esa jktLFkku jkT; lgdkjh miHkksDrk la?k dk;Zjr gSaA
miHkksDrk {ks=k dk O;kikj o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlEcj] 2019 rd `476.86 djksM+ gks x;k gSA
lgdkjh vkokl ;kstuk
jktLFkku lgdkjh vkoklu la?k dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1970 esa gqbZ] ftldk mís'; x`g fuekZ.k lfefr;ksa@izkjafHkd Ñf"k
lk[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds lnL;ksa dks vkokl fuekZ.k gsrq nh?kZdkyhu Í.k miyCèk djkuk ,oa lqfu;ksftr vkoklh;
dkWyksfu;ksa dk fodkl ij O;fDr;ksa dks lLrh nj ij edku miyCèk djkuk gSA
orZeku esa la?k }kjk vius mi fu;eksa esa 4 uoEcj] 1996 ds la'kksèku ds i'pkr~ O;fDrxr vkokl Í.k lhèks vkosnd
dks bl ;kstuk esa euksuhr lnL; cukdj miyCèk djk, tk jgs gSaA bl ;kstuk esa `15.00 yk[k rd dk Í.k 15 o"kZ
rd dh vofèk ds fy;s edku cukus@Ø; djus@,oa edku ds foLrkj gsrq miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 1998 ls edku
ejEer@j[kj[kko gsrq csch CysadsV ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk esa fufeZr Hkouksa dh ejEer ,oa j[kj[kko gsrq
`5.00 yk[k rd dk Í.k 7 o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA jkT; ljdkj }kjk jktLFkku lgdkjh
vkoklu la?k (vkj-lh-,p-,iQ) dks `108.60 yk[k fgLlk jkf'k ds :i esa fn;s x, gSaA dqy fgLlk iwath `252.19 yk[k
gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlacj] 2019 rd `175.00 yk[k dk Í.k forj.k fd;k x;k gSA
Hk.Mkj.k
jkT; esa lgdkjh laLFkkvksa@lfefr;ksa ds varxZr 8,522 xksnke fufeZr gSaA bu xksnkeksa dk mi;ksx Ñf"k mit ,oa
lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (ih-Mh-,l-) rFkk xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr [kk|kUu Hk.Mkj.k
gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
vè;k;&12
îfjogu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
lM+d ifjogu (Road transport)

o"kZ 1949 esa jktLFkku jkT; esa lM+dksa dh dqy yackbZ ek=k 13,553 fdeh- Fkh tks ekpZ 2019 rd c<+dj
2,64,244.05 fdeh- gks xbZ gSA jkT; esa lM+dksa dk ?kuRo ekpZ] 2019 rd 77.21 fdeh- izfr 100 oxZ fdeh-
jgk gSA tcfd jk"Vªh; Lrj ij lM+d ?kuRo 143.08 fdeh- izfr 100 oxZ fdeh gSA
jkT; esa 31.03.2019 rd lM+dksa dh yackbZ dk fooj.k bl izdkj ls gSµ
Ø-la- oxhZdj.k Mkej eSVy xzsoy ekSleh ;ksx
1. jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 9585.13 0.00 8.00 1006.54 10599.67
2. jkT; jktekxZ 15452.21 4.20 13.00 48.10 15517.51
3. eq[; f”kyk lM+dsa 8547.69 1.00 55.25 153.81 8757.75
4. vU; f”kyk lM+dsa 45066.80 3182.74 483.78 4698.31 53431.63
5. xzkeh.k lM+dsa 135275.51 1759.55 36368.86 2533.57 175937.49
;ksx 213927.34 4947.49 36928.89 8440.33 264244.05
jkT; esa o"kZ 2001 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj 39,753 xzke gSaA o"kZ 2018–19 rFkk o"kZ fnlacj 2019 rd fofHkUu
vkcknh&lewg ds vuqlkj Mkej dh lM+d ls tqM+s xk¡oksa dk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSµ
76
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT; esa xk¡oksa dk lM+d la;kstu
Ø- vkcknh&lewg dqy xzkeksa dh lM+dksa ls tqM+s xzke lM+dksa ls tqM+s xzke lM+dksa ls tqM+s
la- la[;k ekpZ 2019 rd fnlacj 2019 rd xzkeksa dk izfr'kr
(2001)
1. 1000 o vfèkd 14198 14182 14182 99.89
2. 500–1000 11058 10977 10977 99.27
3. 250–500 7713 7521 7521 97.51
4. 100–250 4072 2052 2061 50.61
5. 100 ls de 2712 996 996 36.73
;ksx 39753 35728 35737 89.90
o"kZ 2017-18 dh vofèk esa lM+d fodkl gsrq fnlacj] 2017 rd v£tr miyfCèk;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzizèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk] jktLFkku lM+d {ks=k vkèkqfudhdj.k ifj;kstuk o xzkeh.k lM+d ;kstuk ds varxZr 3,794
fdeh- Mkej dh lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA
zzizèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk ds varxZr ` 405.60 djksM+ O;; dj 250 ls vfèkd vkcknh ds 626 vkckn xzkeksa
(<k.kh@eatjksa) dks 2,106 fdeh- Mkej lM+dksa ls tksM+k x;kA
zzjktLFkku lM+d {ks=k vkèkqfudhdj.k ifj;kstuk vkSj jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ds varxZr 250 ls 499 rd
dh vkcknh ds 15 xk¡oksa dks Mkej dh lM+dksa ls tksM+k x;kA
zzxzkeh.k xkSjo iFk ;kstuk ds isQt-I ds varxZr 1,973 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij ` 873 djksM+ O;; dj 1,726 fdeh- dh
lM+d (lh-lh- lM+d) dk fuekZ.k dk;Z fd;k x;kA blesa ls 1,872 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa esa ukfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k dk;Z
iw.kZ dj fy;k x;k gSA
zzxzkeh.k xkSjo iFk ;kstuk ds isQt-II ds varxZr 1,729 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij ` 688 djksM+ O;; dj 1,778 fdeh- dh
lM+d (lh-lh- lM+d) dk fuekZ.k dk;Z fd;k x;kA 363 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
zzfnlacj 2017 rd jkT; jktekxZ ij ` 128.77 djksM+ dh ykxr ds 19 dk;ks± esa 2 jsyos vaMj fczt ds fuekZ.k vkSj
lhdj] t;iqj] guqekux<+] >kykokM+] vtesj] cw¡nh vkSj HkhyokM+k] f”kyksa esa 134.45 fdeh- dh lM+dksa dks e”kcwr]
pkSM+h vkSj iqufuZ£er djus dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
zzfnlacj 2017 rd f”kyk lM+dksa ij ` 143.96 djksM+ dh ykxr ds 10 dk;ks± esa ,d jsyos vaMj fczt o ,d jsyos
vksoj fczt ds fuekZ.k vkSj pw:] vtesj ,oa Hkjriqj f”kyksa esa 73.20 fdeh- yEch lM+dksa dks e”kcwr] pkSM+h vkSj
iqufuZ£er djus dh LohÑfr tkjh dh pqdh gSA
zzxzkeh.k lM+dksa ij ` 506.77 djksM+ dh ykxr ds 215 dk;ks± esa lHkh f”kyksa esa 859.36 fdeh- lM+dksa ds fuekZ.k]
pkSM+k] e”kcwr vkSj iqufuZ£er djus dh fnlacj] 2017 rd LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
zzxzkeh.k xkSjo iFk ds r`rh; pj.k esa 2,086 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij ` 1,200 djksM+ dh ykxr ls 2,077 fdeh- th-th-
ih- lM+d (lh-lh- lM+d) ds fuekZ.k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gS rFkk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
zzxzkeh.k xkSjo iFk ds pkSFks pj.k esa 436 iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij ` 261.36 djksM+ dh ykxr ls 436 fdeh- th-th-ih-
lM+d (lh-lh- lM+d) ds fuekZ.k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gS rFkk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
77
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz'kgjh lM+dksa ds ` 47.29 djksM+ dh ykxr ds 37 dk;ks± ds fy;s 72.53 fdeh- 'kgjh lM+dksa dks fodflr djus dh
pw:] vtesj] >kykokM+] chdkusj] vyoj] guqekux<+ vkSj mn;iqj esa LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
zzjk"Vªh; Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ds 1,614 dk;ks± ds fy;s `799.91 djksM+ dh ykxr ds vkj-vkbZ-Mh-,iQ-&23 ds
varxZr 5,335.64 fdeh- xSj&iScanh; xzkeh.k lM+dksa ds iqufuZekZ.k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
zzizèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk&II ds 395 dk;ks± ds fy;s ` 1,423.68 djksM+ dh ykxr ls lHkh f”kyksa esa 3,356.06
fdeh- lM+dksa ds mUu;u (vixzsM) dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
zzjkT; lM+d fufèk ds 715 dk;ks± ds fy;s ` 1,081.96 djksM+ dh ykxr ls fofHkUu f”kyksa esa 2,686.99 fdeh- lM+dksa
dks fodflr djus dh LohÑfr tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
fØ;kUo;u
zzvxys ik¡p o"kks± esa izR;sd xzke iapk;r esa okWy&Vw&okWy fodkl iFk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 ds
nkSjku uoEcj] 2019 esa izFke pj.k esa 182 xzke iapk;rksa esa LohÑfr tkjh dj nh xbZ gSA
zzizFke ckj o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj jkT; ds xkaoksa dks lM+dksa ls tksM+us dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ gSA vkxkeh
pkj o"kks± esa 500 ,oa vfèkd vkcknh okys 1,009 xk¡o] tks lM+dks ls ugha tqM+s] mudks Mkej lM+dks ls tksM+k tk,xkA
bl o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku uoEcj] 2019 esa izFke pj.k ds rgr 342 xkaoksa ds fy;s LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZ gSA
zz32 jsyos vksoj fczt dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA 32 jsyos vksoj fczt dh foLr`r ifj;kstuk izfrosnu dk dk;Z izxfr ij
gSA 19 jsyos v.Mj fczt ds fy;s fufonk,a vkeaf=kr dh xbZ gSA
xr ,d o"kZ ds nkSjku miyfCèk;k¡
zzlM+d fodkl ij ` 7,325.29 djksM+ O;; fd;s x,A
zz3,092 fdeh- ubZ lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA
zz213 fdeh- jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dks fodflr fd;k x;kA
zz2,088 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ ,oa ftyk lM+dksa dk dk;Z fd;k x;kA
zz12,409 fdeh- esa vU; f”kyk lM+dksa ,oa xzkeh.k lM+dksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.k dk dk;Z fd;k x;kA
zz101 xzke@cfLr;ksa dks lM+dksa ls tksM+k x;kA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019µ20 ds varxZr lM+d fodkl gsrq fnlEcj] 2019 rd vftZr miyfCèk;k¡
zzizèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk ,oa xzkeh.k lM+d ds varxZr 1,896 fdeh- Mkej lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa uohuhdj.k
fd;k x;kA
zzizèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk ds varxZr 250 ,oa vfèkd vkcknh ds 9 vkckn (<k.kh@etjksa) dks 44 fdeh- Mkej
lM+dksa ls tksM+k x;kA
zz211 fdeh- xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk (lh-lh-jksM+) dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA
zzdasanzh; lM+ds fufèk] jkT; lM+d fufèk] jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k] ukckMZ ,oa lkoZtfud futh lgHkkfxrk ds varxZr 1,316
fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ ,oa eq[; ftyk lM+dksa dh pkSM+kbZ esa o`f¼] lqn`<+hdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.k dk dk;Z fd;k x;kA
zzxzkeh.k lM+dksa] jkT; lM+d fufèk] ukckMZ] 'kgjh lM+dksa] izèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk ,oa jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k ds
varxZr 8,501 fdeh- vU; ftyk lM+dksa ,oa xzkeh.k lM+dksa ds lqn`<+hdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.k ds dk;Z fd;s x,A
tkjh dh xbZ LohÑfr;k¡
zzftyk lM+dsa% dksVk ftys esa tkjsy ds ikl [kkrksyh&lokbZ ekèkksiqj jksM+ ij pEcy unh ij iqy fuekZ.k ds fy;s 23
flrEcj] 2019 dks Mh-ih-vkj-dk;Z ds fy;s ` 30 yk[k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZA
78
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
xzkeh.k lM+dsa%
zzMwaxjiqj ftys esa xfy;kdksV ls xfy;kdksV jksM+ ,oa Mwaxjiqj&ckalokM+k jksM+ ij ekgh unh ij iqy fuekZ.k ds fy;s 23
flrEcj] 2019 dks Mh-ih-vkj- dk;Z ds fy;s Øe'k% ` 25 yk[k ,oa ` 50 yk[k dh LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZA
zztux.kuk&2011 ds vuqlkj 500 ,oa vfèkd vkcknh ds 342 xkaoksa dks ubZ lM+dksa ls tksM+us ds fy;s 21 uoEcj]
2019 dks lHkh ftyksa ds fy;s ` 403.29 djksM+ dh LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZA
zzlHkh ftyksa dh 182 xzke iapk;rksa esa 172.50 fdeh- fodkl iFk ds fy;s 26 uoEcj] 2019 dks ` 142.53 djksM+
dh LohÑfr tkjh dh xbZA
okf"kZd ;kstuk 2019&20
okf"kZd ;kstuk ifjofrZr ctV vuqeku] 2019–20 esa lM+d {ks=k ds fy;s ` 5490.79 djksM+ dk izkoèkku j[kk x;k
FkkA bl ifjofrZr ctV vuqeku ds fo:¼ fnlEcj] 2019 rd ` 4,018.46 djksM+ O;; fd;s tk pqds gSa] tks dqy izkoèkku
jkf'k dk 73.19 izfr'kr gSA
ch-vks-Vh-@ih-ih-ih-@okf"kZd ifj;kstuk
jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk&lkoZtfud futh lgHkkfxrk (ih-ih-ih-)
zzih-ih-ih-&okbZfcfyVh xSi iQ.M (oh-th-,iQ-)& ih-ih-ih- oh-th-,iQ- vkèkkj ij 104.50 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ dh 3
lM+dksa ds fodkl ds fy;s ` 312.79 djksM+ LohÑr fd;s x,A buesa ls 2 dk;Z iw.kZ gks x, gSa ,oa 1 dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk&I ,f'k;u fodkl cSad ih-ih-ih- (okf"kZd)& ih-ih-ih- okf"kZdh
vkèkkj ij 745.74 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ dh 12 lM+dksa ds fodkl dk;Z ds fy;s ` 1,932.72 djksM+ LohÑr fd;s
x,A buesa ls 8 dk;Z iw.kZ gks x, gSa ,oa 4 dk;Z ,f'k;u fodkl cSad dh lgk;rk ls izxfr ij gSaA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk&I ,f'k;u fodkl cSad&I ih-ih-ih- bathfu;fjax izksD;ksjesaV daLVªD'ku
(bZ-ih-lh-)& ,f'k;u fodkl cSad dh lgk;rk ls ` 519.65 djksM+ dh ykxr ls 233.96 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ dh
4 lM+dksa dk fodkl dk;Z iw.kZ dj fy;k gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk&I ,f'k;u fodkl cSad&II ih-ih-ih- (bZ-ih-lh-)µ ` 1,238.27
djksM+ dh ykxr ls 474.03 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ dh 6 lM+dksa dk fodkl dk;Z ,f'k;u fodkl cSad dh lgk;rk
ls izxfr ij gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk&II fo'o cSad&ih-ih-ih- (bZ-ih-lh-)µ fo'o cSad dh lgk;rk ls
` 969.11 djksM+ dh ykxr ls 327.62 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ dh 3 lM+dksa ds fodkl dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
ih-ih-ih-&jk"Vªh; jktekxZ&ih-MCY;w-Mh-
ih-ih-ih- vkèkkj ij ` 2,751.05 djksM+ ykxr ds 855.02 fdeh- yEckbZ ds jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dh 6 ifj;kstukvksa dk
dk;Z izxfr ij gSA buesa ls 4 dk;Z iw.kZ gks x, gSa ,oa 2 dk;ks± dks lM+d ifjogu jktekxZ ea=kky; (,e-vks-vkj-Vh-,p-)
ds lkFk fj;k;r le>kSrs ds }kjk ,d ckj esa fuiVku ds ekè;e ls cUn dj fn;k x;k gS ,oa 'ks"k dk;Z bZ-ih-lh- eksM
ij djkus ds fy;s LohÑfr dk dk;Z izfØ;kèkhu gSaA
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ& bathfu;fjax izksD;ksjesaV daLVªD'ku lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx ds ekè;e ls bathfu;fjax izksD;ksjesaV
daLVªD'ku (bZ-ih-lh-) eksM+ ij ` 4,615.05 djksM+ ykxr dh 29 ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;Z izkjEHk fd;s x, Fks] buesa ls
6 ifj;kstukvksa dk dk;Z iw.kZ gks x;k gS ,oa 'ks"k ifj;kstukvksa dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktekxZ izkfèkdj.k (,u-,p-,-vkbZ-) o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktekxZ izkfèkdj.k
ds dk;ks± dh izxfr fuEu izdkj gS&
79
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz` 28,755 djksM+ dh dqy vuqekfur ykxr ds 3,598 fdeh- yEckbZ ds 29 dk;Z LohÑr fd;s x, Fks] buesa ls 14
dk;Z iw.kZ gks x, gSaA
zzHkkjrekyk ;kstuk ds varxZr ` 5,263 djksM+ vuqekfur ykxr ds 1,039 fdeh- yEckbZ ds 5 dk;Z izxfr ij gSaA
zzfnYyh&oM+ksnjk xzhuiQhYM&,Dlizsl&os jktLFkku esa 374 fdeh- fodflr fd;k tkuk gS ,oa bldh vuqekfur ykxr
` 11,203 djksM+ gSA buesa ls 62 fdeh- yEckbZ ds 2 iSdst LohÑr fd;s x, gSa ,oa 31 fdeh- yEckbZ ds ,d iSdst
dh fu;r frfFk tkjh dj nh xbZ gSA
zzlkaxfj;k&lkapkSj&larkyiqj xzhu iQhYM ,Dlizsl&os jktLFkku esa 637 fdeh- fodflr fd;k tkuk gS] ftldh vuqekfur
ykxr ` 11,388 djksM+ gSA buesa ls 502 fdeh- yEckbZ ds 18 iSdst LohÑr fd;s x, gSa ,oa 28 fdeh- yEckbZ ds
,d iSdst dh fu;r frfFk tkjh dj nh xbZ gSA
jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe (vkj-,l-vkj-Vh-lh-)
jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe (vkj-,l-vkj-Vh-lh) dh LFkkiuk 1 vDVwcj] 1964 dks lM+d ifjogu fuxe
vfèkfu;e] 1950 ds rgr dh xbZ FkhA orZeku esa] jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe (vkj-,l-vkj-Vh-lh-) }kjk dqy
4,710 Lo;a dh ,oa lafonk ij yh xbZ futh clksa dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gSA ;s okgu izfrfnu 2,005 jkT; ekxks± ij
lapkfyr gksdj 14.95 yk[k fdeh- pydj 8.65 yk[k ;kf=k;ksa dks ifjogu lqfoèkk miyCèk djkrs gSaA o"kZ 2015–16 ls
o"kZ 2019–20 rd okgu csMs+ vkSj okLrfod ifjpkyu dh fLFkfr Øe'k% rkfydk esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSµ
o"kZokj okgu csM+s dh fLFkfr
fooj.k@o"kZ 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20**
fuxe okgu 4343 4284 4528 4270 3751
vuqcafèkr okgu 186 351 916 1025 959
;ksx 4529 4635 5444 5295 4710
csM+ksa dh vkSlr vk;q (o"kks± esa) 5.03 5.26 5.43 6.31 6.84
csM+s esa lfEefyr u, okgu 10 448* 260 Nil Nil
udkjk fd;s x, okgu 102 269 277 411 479

*fnlacj 2019 rd feMh clksa lfgr
o"kZokj okLrfod ifjpkyu ifj.kke

2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20*
fooj.k@o"kZ
y{; miyfCèk y{; miyfCèk y{; miyfCèk y{; miyfCèk y{; miyfCèk
fdeh- (djksM+ esa) 59.00 59.02 61.79 58.10 65.87 61.85 61.51 54.38 44.09 41.11
okgu mi;ksfxrk 403 402 405 393 400 388 360 392 385 392
(fdeh-@cl@fnu)
csM+k mi;ksfxrk 90 89 95 87 90 77 89 68 78 77
(izfr'kr)
lapkyu vk; 30.30 28.16 33.53 28.82 35.10 29.84 35.15 31.68 34.24 33.27
izfr fdeh- (`)
*fnlacj 2017 rd
80
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jktLFkku xzkeh.k ifjogu lsok
bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 18 f”kyksa dh 1,434 xzke iapk;rksa esa 64 DyLVlZ ij 370 okgu lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk
(ih-ih-ih-) eksM }kjk ijLij lac¼ gSaA blds vfrfjDr] fuxe dh 45 feuh clksa dk lapkyu dj 352 xzke iapk;rksa dks
xzkeh.k ifjogu lsok ls tksM+k x;k gSA orZeku esa 3,941 xzke iapk;rsa fuxe dh fu;fer lsok ds ekè;e ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA
eksVj okgu iath;u
ifjogu O;oLFkk jkT; dh lqn`<+ ,oa fodflr vFkZO;OkLFkk dk lwpd gSA jkT; esa eksVj okguksa ds iathdj.k eas o`f¼
ifjogu lqfoèkkvksa dh lajpuk dks n'kkZrh gSA ;krk;kr foHkkx esa o"kZ 2018–19 ds var rd dqy 177.10 yk[k eksVj
okgu iathÑr gq, Fks] tks fnlacj 2019 ds var rd 188.39 yk[k rd igq¡p x,] tks fd 6.37 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ dks
n'kkZrk gSA jkT; esa fofHkUUk Js.kh ds okguksa ds iathdj.k dk fooj.k rkfydk ,oa ckj&xzkiQ }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku esa iathÑr eksVj okgu

Ø-la- okguksa dk o"kZ ds var rd okguksa dh lap;h la[;k
izdkj
2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20*
1. eksVjkb”M fjD'kk 90 90 90 90 90
2. nksifg;k okgu 10258009 11250427 12314229 13431554 14330226
3. vkWVks fjD'kk 141576 151425 160015 167779 178460
4. Vsaiks eky okgd 64959 69555 74533 77911 80844
5. Vsaiks ;k=kh okgu 38531 43166 47209 50862 51344
6. dkj 899307 988391 1095526 1204005 1281737
7. thi 396572 435366 487366 543181 580643
8. VSªDVj 969287 1029721 1092432 1153510 1204815
9. VSªyj 76707 80042 84642 85356 85847
10. VSDlh 131912 143075 152429 160994 165954
11. cl o feuh cl 102818 108681 113964 118301 122123
12. Vªd 517604 561158 613055 665926 701603
13. vU; 34804 39465 44516 50480 54409
;ksx 13632176 14900562 16280006 17709949 18838095
*fnlcaj 2018 rd

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pkyw foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku ` 5,650.00 djksM+ ds jktLo y{; ds fo#¼ fnlacj 2019 rd ` 3360.23
djksM+ dk jktLo vftZr fd;k x;k gS] tks fd y{; dk 59.47 gSA
uokpkj ,oa uhfrxr fu.kZ;
zzdj laxzg dsanzksa ij VSDl tek djus dh vkWuykbu lqfoèkk izkjaHkA
zziznw"k.k tk¡p izek.k&i=k vkWuykbu tkjh djukA
zzyksd ifjogu lsok dk 'kqHkkjaHkA
zz,si vkèkkfjr eksVj dSc lsok rFkk VSDlh eksVjlkbfdy lsokvksa dk 'kqHkkjaHkA
zzykbZlsal ,oa lacafèkr lsok gsrq vkWuykbu lqfoèkkA
jkT; esa jk"Vªh; jktekxks± dk fooj.k

jk"Vªh; mPp ekxZ
Ø- ekxZ esa vkus okys lM+d dh yackbZ
la[;k (uo ekxZ dk uke
la- f”kys (fdeh-)
vkoafVr la[;k)
1. 3 (44) vkxjk&èkkSyiqj&eqacbZ èkkSyiqj 28.29
2. 3A (123) Å¡pk uxyk&[kkuqvk&:iokl&èkkSyiqj èkkSyiqj] Hkjriqj 63.20
3. 8 (48,58) fnYyh&t;iqj&vtesj&mn;iqj& t;iqj] vyoj] vtesj] 704.85
vgenkckn&eqacbZ jktlean] mn;iqj]
Mw¡xjiqj
4. 11 (21, 52, 11) vkxjk&Hkjriqj&nkSlk&t;iqj& Hkjriqj] djkSyh] nkSlk] 561.54
lhdj&chdkusj t;iqj] lhdj] pw:]
chdkusj
5. 11A (148) nkSlk&euksgjiqjk ok;k xBokM+h nkSlk] t;iqj 62.25
6. 11,&foLrkj nkSlk&ykylksV&dSFkqu nkSlk] Vksad 80
(148, 23)

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7. 11B (23) ykylksV&xaxkiqj&djkSyh&èkkSyiqj nkSlk] èkkSyiqj] djkSyh] 192.50
lokbZ ekèkksiqj
8. 11C pankokth&t;iqj miekxZ t;iqj 28
9. 12 (52) t;iqj&Vksad&cw¡anh&dksVk& t;iqj] Vksad] HkhyokM+k] 419.60
>kykokM+&bdysjk&tcyiqj cw¡anh] dksVk] >kykokM+
10. 14 (162, 62) C;koj&ikyh&fljksgh&vkcwjksM&dkaMyk vtesj] ikyh] fljksgh 265.70
11. 15 iBkudksV&xaxkuxj&chdkusj& xaxkuxj] chdkusj] 893.50
tSlyesj& ckM+esj& dkaMyk guqekux<+] tSlyesj]
ckM+esj] tkykSj] tksèkiqj
12. 32A (709 foLrkj) gfj;k.kk lhek&fiykuh&jktx<+ >qU>quw¡] pw: 59
13. 65 (52, 58, 62) vackyk&pw:&iQrsgiqj&ukxkSj& lhdj] pw:] ukxkSj] 490.54
tksèkiqj&ikyh tksèkiqj] ikyh
14. 65A (458) ykMu¡w&Msxkuk&esM+rkflVh&ykafc;k& ukxkSj] ikyh] jktlean 250
tSrkj.k&jk;iqj&Hkhe
15. 71B (919) jsokM+h&èkk:gsM+k vyoj 4.70
16. 76 (27) ¯iMokM+k&mn;iqj&fpÙkkSM+x<+&dksVk& fljksgh] mn;iqj] 639.92
ckjka&f'koiqjh fpÙkkSM+x<+] HkhyokM+k]
cw¡anh] dksVk] ckjka
17. 76A (58&foLrkj) mn;iqj&>kM+ksy&bMj mn;iqj 87
18. 76B (758) ykMiqjk&HkhyokM+k&jktlean HkhyokM+k] jktlean 155.20
19. 79 (48) vtesj&ulhjkckn&fctkSfy;k&ok;k vtesj] HkhyokM+k] 223.10
fpÙkkSM+x<+ fpÙkkSM+x<+
20. 79A (448) fd'kux<+&ulhjkckn vtesj 38
21. 89 (58,62) vtesj&ukxkSj&chdkusj vtesj] ukXkkSj] chdkusj 278
22. 90 (752) ckjka&bdysjk ckjka] >kykokM+ 93.50
23. 94A (927A) eè; izn's k lhek&ck¡lokM+k&lkxokM+k& ck¡lokM+k] Mw¡xjiqj] 313
Mw¡xjiqj&[ksjokM+k&dksVM+k&Lo:ixat mn;iqj] fljksgh
24. 112 cj&fcykM+k&tksèkiqj&ckyksrjk&ckM+esj ckM+esj] tksèkiqj] ikyh 318.81
25. 113 (56) ¯uckgsM+k&izrkix<+&ck¡lokM+k& fpÙkkSM+x<+] izrkix<+] 244
tgyksM+& nkghn ck¡lokM+k
26. 114 (125) tksèkiqj&iksdj.k tksèkiqj] tSlyesj 176.50
27. 116 (552) Vksad& lokbZ ekèkksiqj lokbZ ekèkksiqj] Vksad 76.70
28. 116A (148D) Hkhe&xqykciqjk&tgk”kiqj&fgaMkSyh& jktlean] HkhyokM+k] c¡wnh] 279.30
mfu;kjk Vksad
83
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29. 162A (162A) ekoyh&[kaMy
s ok;k iQrsguxj&jsyexjk mn;iqj] jktlean 50.70
30. 186A (158) esM+rk&ykafCk;k&jkl&O;koj&cnukSj& vtesj] ikyh] HkhyokM+k 139.80

vklhan&ekaMy
31. 192 A (162&foLrkj) ikyh&ekjokM+ & ukMks y &ns l q j h&dq a H kyx<+ & ikyh] jktlean] mn;iqj 235
ukFk}kjk&ekoyh&HkVsoj
32. 248A 'kkgiqjk&vyoj&jkex<+&uwg&xq#xzke t;iqj] vyoj 135.80
(xqM+xk¡o)
33. 325 ipinjk&ckyksojk&flokuk&tkykSj& ckM+esj] tkykSj] ikyh 159

vkgkSj& lkaMsjko
34. 11 iQrsgiqj&>qU>quw¡a&fpM+kok&fla?kkuk& lhdj] >qU>quw¡a 125.00
ukjukSy&jsokM+h
35. 54 iBkudksV&xq#nkliqj&ve`rlj& guqekux<+ 75
Hk¯VMk&lkaxfj;k&guqekux<+&
xksywokyk&dspfj;k
36. 25 (foLrkj) ckM+esj&jkelj&equkcko ckM+esj 127
37. 168 FkkjkM+&èkukuk&iaFkokM+k&jsonj& fljksgh 77.40
vankjk&fljksgh
38. 168A lkapkSj&èkusjk&Mhlk tkykSj 11.80
39. 148B dksViqryh&ukjukSy&fHkokM+h t;iqj 5
jktLFkku dh lM+d fodkl uhfr;k¡ (Road development policies of Rajasthan)

jktLFkku jksM fo”ku] 2025
bl nh?kkZofèk fo”ku dk vuqekfur ctV djhc ` 9 [kjc gSA bl fo”ku ds izeq[k izkoèkku bl izdkj gSa&
zzigys 15 lky (2000–15) esa lHkh xk¡oksa dks lM+dksa ls tksM+us ds ckn vxys 10 lky esa ,Dlizsl&os] ÝykbZvksoj
o iQksj ysu jktdh; jktekxZ cuk, tk,axsA
zz,Dlizsl&os ds fy;s 7 ekxZ o jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ra=k ds foLrkj gsrq 15 ekxZ rFkk 17 'kgjksa ds fy;s fjax jksM fpfÉr
fd;s x, gSaA èkkfeZd egÙo ds 100 LFkkuksa rFkk i;ZVu] [kuu vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa ds fy;s 1000 fdeh- u, lM+d
laidZ fodflr djuk ”k:jh ekuk x;k gSA
zzxzkeh.k laidZ lM+dksa o lM+d ra=k ds j[k&j[kko dks vfèkd izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gSA
zzMOT (Maintain Operate & Transfer) iz.kkyh dks izksRlkguA
zzlHkh jkT; jktekxks± dks nks ysu cukukA
zz168 jsy vksojfczt] vaMjikl rFkk 39 ÝykbZvksoj cukuk izLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
zzlM+d fodkl ds fy;s èkukHkko nwj djus gsrq lM+d fodkl dks"k o eq[;ea=kh dh vè;{krk esa mPpLrjh; lykgdkj
cksMZ xfBr djus dk lq>ko Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zzjktekxZ vfHk;ark izf'k{k.k laLFkku rFkk vuqlaèkku fodkl funs'kky; LFkkfir fd;k tkuk Hkh izLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA

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ctV 2020–21 esa jkT; esa lM+d ifjogu dh fLFkfr
(Status of Road transport of state in budget 2020–21)
ifjogu
zzlkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx gsrq `6,277.18 djksM+ dk izkoèkkuA
xzkeh.k lM+d fuekZ.k gsrq `1,215.00 djksM+A
izèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk (ih-,e-th-,l-okbZ-) ds fy;s `1,050.00 djksM+A
ckg~; lgk;frr ifj;kstuk gsrq `931.70 djksM+ dk izkoèkku] ftlesa jktLFkku jkT; mPp jktekxZ ifj;kstuk µA
(`481.00 djksM+) ,oa jktLFkku jkT; mPp jktekxZ ifj;kstuk& AA (`450.70 djksM+) gsrq izkoèkkuA
dsanzh; lM+d fufèk ds rgr `650.00 djksM+A
jkT; lM+d fodkl fufèk varxZr `1,400.00 djksM+A
vkj-vkbZ-Mh-,iQ- varxZr ukckMZ lgk;frr lM+d dk;ks± ds fy;s `427.10 djksM+A
jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k lM+dksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq `100.13 djksM+A
lhek {ks=k lM+dksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s `215.49 djksM+A
jkT; jktekxZ ,oa eq[; ftyk lM+dksa ds lqn`<+hdj.k] vkèkqfudhdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.k ds fy;s `250.00 djksM+A
zzegÙoiw.kZ HkkSfrd y{;%

2,180 fdeh- jkT; jktekxZ@eq[; ftyk lM+dksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k] pkSM+kbZdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.kA
7,600 fdeh- xzkeh.k lM+dksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k ,oa uohuhdj.kA
1,277 fdeh- xzkeh.k lM+dksa dk fuekZ.kA
800 fdeh- feflax fyaDl lM+dksa dk fuekZ.kA
508 fdeh- fodkl iFk@lh-lh- lM+dksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzifjogu foHkkx ds fy;s jkf'k `551.20 djksM+ dk izkoèkku] ftlesa lfEefyr gSa%
jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe ds fy;s `210.00 djksM+A
lM+d lqj{kk fufèk ds fy;s `113.43 djksM+A
t;iqj esVªks jsyos izkstsDV (Jaipur metro Railway project)

jktLFkku ljdkj us t;iqj esVªks jsy izkstsDV ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq iw.kZ LokfeRo okyh daiuh ds :i eas t;iqj esVªks jsy
dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk dh gSA
t;iqj esVªks izkstsDV ds dk;Z dks nks pj.kksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSµ
pj.k (isQt) dqy yackbZ fdeh-
isQt&I (bZLV&osLV dkWfjMksj) ekuljksoj ls cM+h pksiM+ 12.067
isQt&II (mÙkj&nf{k.k dkWfjMksj) lhrkiqjk ls vackokM+h 23.8
zzns'k esa dksydkrk] ubZ fnYyh] caxyw#] eaqcbZ] t;iqj] gSnjkckn] y[kuÅ] dksfPp 'kgjksa esa 'kgjh jsy VªkaftV ra=k ds
:i esa esVªks dk;Zjr gSaA
zz'kgjh fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 27 uoacj] 2015 dks t;iqj esVªks jsy ifj;kstuk (isQt izFke IA) dks csLV
vjcu ekl VªkaftV dSVsxjh esa fo'ks"k vokMZ iznku fd;k x;k gSA
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ok;q ifjogu (Air transport)
foekuiÙku dks lafoèkku dh lkroha vuqlwph esa la?k lwph dk fo"k; cuk;k x;k gS] vr% jkT; esa ok;qekxks± rFkk
vko';d lqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl&foLrkj dk nkf;Ro iw.kZr% dsanzh; ljdkj ds fu;a=k.k esa gSA
izns'k esa i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsus gsrq NksVs 'kgjksa dks gokbZ lsok ls tksM+us ds fy;s VGF ds vkèkkj ij Intra–state
gokbZ lsok ;kstuk vkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr tksèkiqj] mn;iqj] chdkusj dks t;iqj ls tksM+k x;k gSA 'kh?kz gh
dksVk] vtesj] j.kFkaHkkSj (lokbZ ekèkksiqj) dks Hkh t;iqj ds lkFk gokbZ lsok ls tksM+k tk,xkA
dsanz ljdkj dh egÙoiw.kZ Regional connectivity Schemes ds rgr t;iqj dks lhèks tSlyesj o vkxjk ls rFkk
chdkusj dks lhèks ubZ fnYYkh ls gokbZ lsokvksa ls tksM+us dh dk;Zokgh izfØ;kèkhu gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; ljdkj
}kjk fu;ekuqlkj VGF (Viability Gap Funding) fn;k tk,xk rFkk vU; vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkk,¡] ;Fkk& ATF (Aviation
Turbine Fuel) ij VAT esa deh o ,;jiksVZ ij lqj{kk O;oLFkk iznku dh tk,xhA
ctV esa vkxkeh o"kZ eas gokbZ ifV~V;ksa ds Renovation ,oa ejEer dk;Z gsrq 16 djksM+ 54 yk[k #i, dk izkoèkku
fd;k tkuk izLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
jkT; esa gokbZ lsokvksa dk fOkLrkj (Expansion of air services in state)

jktLFkku esa dqy 32 ,;jiksVZ@gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ gSaA mn;iqj] t;iqj ,oa tksèkiqj ,;jiksVZ gh fu;fer gokbZ lsokvksa ls
tqM+s gSaA jkT; eas i;kZIr lkèku gksrs gq, Hkh t;iqj ls mn;iqj] tksèkiqj ,oa vU; LFkkuksa gsrq dksbZ lhèkh mM+ku lapkfyr
ugha gks jgh gSA
jkT; esa 5 ,;jiksVZ@gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ Øe'k% t;iqj] tksèkiqj] mn;iqj] dksVk ,oa fd'kux<+ (vtesj) Hkkjrh; foekuiÙku
izkfèkdj.k rFkk 6 gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ Øe'k% uky (chdkusj)] mÙkjykbZ (ckM+esj)] tSlyesj] tksèkiqj] lwjrx<+ ,oa iQykSnh Hkkjrh;
ok;qlsuk ds vèkhu gSaA 'ks"k 21 gokbZ ifV~;ksa esa ls 4 gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ Øe'k% dkadVksyh (J.K. Group)] fiykuh (fcM+yk
lewg)] ouLFkyh (ouLFkyh fo|kihB)] ckjka (vMkuh lewg) dh gSaA 'ks"k gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ jkT; ljdkj ds fu;a=k.kkèkhu gSaA
vU; rF;
zzok;q;kuksa ,oa gsyhdkWIVjksa ds okf.kfT;d mi;ksx ds fy;s ^jktLFkku flfoy ,fo,'ku dkWjiksjs'ku* dk xBu 20 fnlacj]
2006 dks fd;k x;kA
zzjkT; esa orZeku esa dqy 4 ukxfjd ,;jiksVZ] 6 lSU; gokbZ vM~Ms ,oa 22 gokbZ ifV~V;k¡ gSaA
zzdasnz ljdkj }kjk lkaxkusj gokbZ vM~Ms dks 29 fnlacj] 2005 dks varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Ms dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA ;g ns'k dk
14ok¡ varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk cuk gSA ;gk¡ ls 'kkjtkg] nqcbZ ,oa eLdV ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; foeku lsok,¡ miyCèk gSaA
zzegkjk.kk izrki gokbZ vM~Mk] Mcksd (mn;iqj) dks Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; gokbZ vM~Mk cuk;k tkuk izLrkfor gSA
zzfnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk }kjk vyoj dh dksV dkfle rglhy esa xzhuiQhYM (,;jksVªksiksfyl) ,;jiksVZ izLrkfor
gSA fd'kux<+ (vtesj)] ikYkM+h euksgjiqj (t;iqj) esa Hkh xzhuiQhYM ,;jiksVZ izLrkfor gSA
zzuky gokbZ vM~Mk] chdkusj Hkwfexr lSfud gokbZ vM~Mk gS] tks ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k Hkwfexr gokbZ vM~Mk gSA
zzfd'kux<+ ds fuekZ.kkèkhu ,;jiksVZ dks lapkyu ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; dksM fey x;k gSA baVjus'kuy flfoy ,fo,'ku
vkWxZukbts'ku }kjk ;g dksM fn;k x;k gSA
Mkd ,oa nwjlapkj lsok,a
nwjlapkj vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofoèk {ks=kksa ds rhoz fodkl ,oa vkèkqfudhdj.k dh izeq[k lgk;d lsok gSA gky ds o"kks±
esa ;g izkS|ksfxdh ds rhoz fodkl ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk ij blds lkFkZd izHkko ds dkj.k vkSj vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA
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Mkd ,oa nwjlapkj lsok,a vFkZO;oLFkk dks fodflr djus dk ,d lkèku gS rFkk jkT; ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa] [k.Mksa ,oa
leqnk;ksa dks tksM+us dk dk;Z Hkh djrk gSA ekpZ] 2019 ds var rd jkT; esa dqy Mkd?kjksa dh la[;k 10,311 vkSj
VsyhdkWe miHkksDrkvksa dh la[;k 64.77 fefy;u FkhA jkT; esa Mkd?kjksa rFkk VsyhdkWe miHkksDrkvksa dh o"kZ 2018 vkSj
2019 rd dh fLFkfr bl izdkj gS&
jkT; esa Mkd?kjksa ,oa VsyhdkWe miHkksDrkvksa dh fLFkfr
(ekpZ rd)
Ø-la- en bdkbZ 2018 2019
1. Mkd?kj la[;k 10310 10311
xzkeh.k la[;k 9677 9679
'kgjh la[;k 633 632
2. VsyhdkWe miHkksDrk (rkj jfgr + rkj lfgr) fefy;u 66.93 64.77
rkj jfgr miHkksDrk fefy;u 66.39 64.23
rkj lfgr miHkksDrk fefy;u 0.55 0.54
fo'o Hkwxksy
vè;k;&1
^ Hkwxksy % mRifÙk* ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
czãkaM (The Universe)

paæ;ku&1 (Chandrayaan-1)
zzbljks us Hkkjrh; varfj{k dk;ZØe dks ,d ubZ fn'kk nsrs gq, 22 vDrwcj] 2008 dks JhgfjdksVk fLFkr lrh'k èkou
varfj{k dsanz ls PSLV-C11 ds ”kfj;s panz;ku&1 (Hkkjr dk çFke panz fe'ku) dks liQyrkiwoZd ç{ksfir fd;kA bl
miyfCèk ds lkFk gh vesfjdk] :l] ;wjksi] tkiku o phu ds ckn Hkkjr ,slk NBk ns'k gks x;k] ftlus panzek dh
lrg ds vè;;u ds fy;s vfHk;ku lapkfyr fd;k gSA panz;ku&1 dks liQyrkiwoZd panzek dh d{kk esa 8 uoacj]
2008 dks igq¡pk;k x;kA
zz;g fe'ku 2 o"kks± ds fy;s Fkk] ysfdu 29 vxLr] 2009 dks jsfM;ks laidZ VwV tkus ds dkj.k ;g 312 fnuksa esa gh
lekIr gks x;kA fiQj Hkh oSKkfudksa us bl fe'ku dks liQy djkj fn;k gSA bl fe'ku esa Hksts x, ewu bEiSDV çksc
}kjk panzek dh lrg ij ty dh miyCèkrk dk irk yxk;k tkuk] panzek dh lrg dk f=kvk;keh ekufp=khdj.k]
V~;wcyj lajpukvksa dh mifLFkfr dh [kkst] panzek ij fo|eku [kfut lkexzh o vU; vk¡dM+ksa ls lacafèkr tkudkjh
nsus ds lanHkZ esa bls ,d liQy çkstsDV dgk tk ldrk gSA
uksV% vxLr 2018 esa vesfjdh varfj{k ,tsalh ûklk* us ;g iqf"V dh fd panz;ku&1 ls çkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx
djrs gq, oSKkfudksa us panzek ds èkzqoh; {ks=kksa ds lcls vaèkdkje; vkSj BaMs fgLlksa esa ciZQ tek gksus dk irk
yxk;kA oSKkfudksa }kjk fd;k x;k ;g vè;;u PNAS uked tuZy esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
paæ;ku&2 (Chandrayaan-2)
zzo"kZ 2008 esa Hkkjr us paæ;ku&1 dk liQyrkiwoZd ç{ksi.k fd;k FkkA mlh le; paæek ds ckjs esa foLr`r vè;;u ds
fy;s fe'ku paæ;ku&2 lapkfyr djus dk iQSlyk fy;k x;k FkkA gkyk¡fd blls igys 12 uoacj] 2007 dks bljks vkSj
:lh varfj{k ,tsalh ^jkWLdkWLekWl* (ROSCOSMOS) ds çfrfufèk;ksa us ^paæ;ku&2* ifj;kstuk ij lkFk dke djus
ds fy;s ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s FksA ysfdu ckn esa :l us bl fe'ku ls gkFk ihNs [khap fy;sA
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zzHkkjr us bl fe'ku dh dke;kch ds fy;s Lons'k vkèkkfjr rduhd ij dke 'kq: fd;kA lkFk gh Øk;kstsfud batu
dks fodflr djus ij Hkh ”kksj fn;kA
zzè;krO; gS fd panz;ku&2, ftls vDVwcj 2018 esa bljks }kjk ç{ksfir fd;k tkuk Fkk] o"kZ 2019 esa ç{ksfir fd;k
x;k ysfdu ;g iw.kZr% liQy ugha jgkA panz;ku&2 ds fM”kkbu esa ,sls ifjorZu fd;s x, gSa] ftlls ;g vklkuh ls
panzek dh lrg ij mrj ldsA panz;ku&2 dks th,l,yoh ekdZ&III: 1 ç{ksi.k ;ku }kjk ç{ksi.k djus dh ;kstuk gSA
bl fe'ku esa bljks }kjk fufeZr ,d ywuj vkWfcZVj rFkk ,d jksoj ,oa ,d ySaMj 'kkfey gksaxsA ftlesa jksoj dk uke
izdk'k rFkk ySaMj dk uke foØe FkkA
eaxy;ku fe'ku (Mangalyaan Mission)
eklZ vkWfcZVj fe'ku (Mars Orbiter Mission–MOM) ;k eaxy;ku fe'ku] eaxy xzg dh lrg] vkÑfr] [kfut rFkk
ogk¡ ds ok;qeaMy dk vUos"k.k ,oa çs{k.k djus ds mn~ns'; ls varxzZgh; varfj{k esa Hkkjr dk ,d vuwBk vkSj liQy
ç;kl gSA lkFk gh eaxy ds ok;qeaMy esa fo'ks"k :i ls ehFksu dh [kkst dj bl xzg ij thou dh laHkkouk ;k iwoZ
esa thou ds ckjs esa lwpuk çnku djuk Hkh bl vfHk;ku dk mn~ns'; gSA varxzZgh; vfHk;kuksa esa fufgr vR;fèkd nwfj;k¡
varfj{k vUos"k.k ds dk;Z dks dkiQh pqukSrhiw.kZ cuk nsrh gSaA eaxy vfHk;ku bl n`f"V ls dkiQh mi;ksxh jgk gSA i`Foh
ls nwj tkus ds ckn eaxy;ku dks eaxy d{kk esa ços'k djus ls iwoZ 300 fnuksa rd varfj{k esa jguk iM+kA
ç{ksi.k ;ku (Launch Vehicle)
eaxy;ku dks ih,l,yoh&lh25 }kjk ç{ksfir fd;k x;k] tks fo'o ds vR;ar fo'oluh; çekspd jkWdVs ih,l,yoh dk
,Dl,y :ikarj FkkA bl ,Dl,y o”kZu dk iwoZ esa paæ;ku (2008)] thlSV&12 (2011) vkSj fjlSV&1 (2012) dk ç{ksi.k
djus ds fy;s mi;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA
[kxksyh; vfHk;ku
viksyks fe'ku (1968) uklk panz vfHk;ku
dSfluh (1997) uklk] ;wjksfi;u Lisl ,tsalh] bVsfy;u Lisl ,tsalh 'kfu vfHk;ku
gk;kcwlk (2003) tkiku {kqæ xzg vfHk;ku
jkWlsVk fe'ku (2004) ;wjksih; Lisl ,tsalh lkSjeaMy ds vè;;u gsrq
g~;wtsal izksc (Huygens Probe) (2004) ;wjksih; Lisl ,tsalh VkbVu mixzg
eSlsatj (2004) uklk cqèk vfHk;ku
Mhi baiSDV ;ku (2005) uklk èkwedsrq vfHk;ku
lksyj&ch (2006) uklk] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,tsalh] tkiku lw;Z ds vè;;u gsrq
pan;z ku&1 (2008) ,oa paæ;ku&2 (2019– Hkkjr panz vfHk;ku
laHkkfor)
D;wfj;ksflVh jksoj (2011) uklk eaxy vfHk;ku
xzsy (GRAIL) (2011) uklk panz vfHk;ku
eaxy;ku (2013) Hkkjr eaxy vfHk;ku
ewu vkW£cVj (2020–25 laHkkfor) nf{k.k dksfj;k panz vfHk;ku

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vè;k;&6
^vkfFkZd Hkwxksy * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
Ñf"k (Agriculture)
jsy ifjogu (Rail transport)
ikjegk}hih; jsy ekxZ iwjs egk}hi ls xq”kjrs gq, nksuksa Nksjksa dks tksM+rs gSaA vkfFkZd o jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls fofHkUu
n'kkvksa esa yach ;k=kkvksa dh lqfoèkk iznku djus ds fy;s bu ekxks± dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k Fkk&
zzphu ls Lisu rFkk yanu jsy ekxZ% phu dks lhèks Lisu rFkk yanu ls tksM+us okyh igyh ekyxkM+h fnlacj 2014 esa
esfMªM igq¡phA bl nkSjku blus 13 g”kkj fdeh- dh nwjh r; dhA nksuksa jk"Vªksa ds eè; fu;fer :i ls jsy lsok izkjaHk
djus dh ;kstuk gSA jsy izpkyu dk ;g u;k ekxZ nqfu;k dk lcls yack :V gSA ;g :V ekLdks ls CykMhoksLVd dks
tksM+us okyh Vªkal lkbcsfj;u ekxZ ls vfèkd yack gSA phu dh ;g ekyxkM+h uoacj 2014 esa phu ds f;ow 'kgj ls
jokuk gqbZ FkhA ;g ekyxkM+h lkr ns'kksa Øe'k% phu] d”kkfdLrku] :l] csyk:l] iksySaM] teZuh] Úk¡l ls gksdj Lisu
igq¡ph rFkk ,d tuojh] 2017 dks yxHkx 12 g”kkj fdeh- dh nwjh r; djds ;g yanu igq¡phA phu ds fo'ks"kKksa
dk dguk gS fd ;g dkxksZ Vsªu phu dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Økafrdkjh cnyko yk,xk rFkk blls if'peh ;wjksi ls laidZ
dks e”kcwrh feysxhA
zzVªkal lkbcsfj;u jsy&ekxZ% ;g :l dk izeq[k jsy ekxZ gS tks if'pe esa lsaVihV~lZcxZ ls CykMhoksLVd rd tkrk
gSA ;g ,f'k;k dk egÙoiw.kZ vkSj fo'o ds lcls yacs ekxks± esa ls ,d] nksgjs iFk ls ;qDr (1945)] fo|qrhÑr
ikjegk}hih; jsy ekxZ gSA ;g :l ds ,f'k;k {ks=k dks if'peh ;wjksih; ck”kkjksa ls tksM+rk gSA ;g jsy ekxZ ;wjky ioZr]
vksc o ;suslh ufn;ksa ls xq”kjrk gSA bldk fuekZ.k dk;Z 1891 eas izkjaHk gqvk Fkk rFkk 1905 esa cu dj rS;kj gks x;kA
zzVªkal dSusfM;u jsyekxZ% ;g jsy ekxZ gSyhisQDl ls cSadqoj rd foLr`r gSA bldk fuekZ.k o"kZ 1886 esa ewy :i
ls ,d lafèk ds varxZr if'peh rV ij fLFkr fczfV'k dksyafc;k ds jkT;ksa dks la?k esa lfEefyr djus ds mn~ns'; ls
fd;k x;k FkkA ckn ds o"kks± esa D;wcsd&ekWfUVª;y vkS|ksfxd izns'k dks izs;jh izns'k vkSj mÙkj esa 'kadqèkkjh ou izns'k ls
tksM+us ds dkj.k bl jsy ekxZ dk vkfFkZd egÙo c<+ x;kA fouhisx ls lqihfj;j >hy rd ,d lao`r ekxZ bl jsy
ykbu dks fo'o dh lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ jsy ykbuksa esa ls ,d cukrk gSA ;g jsy ykbu dukMk dh vkfFkZd èkeuh gSA
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ% la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa rhu izeq[k vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ gS tks
vVykafVd rV ij fLFkr U;w;kZd canjxkg ,oa izèkku uxj dks iz'kkar rVh; canjxkgksa fl,Vy] lSuizQkfUldksa vkSj yk¡l
,aftYl ls feykrs gSaA fLFkfr ds vuqlkj bUgsa Øe'k% mÙkjh eè; vkSj nf{k.kh vareZegk}hih; jsyekxZ ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA
mÙkjh&vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ% ;g jsy ekxZ la;qDr jkT; ds mÙkjh Hkkx esa vVykafVd egklkxj ds rV ij fLFkr
U;w;kdZ uxj ls vkjaHk gksrk gS vkSj f'kdkxks gksrk gqvk iz'kkar egklkxj ds rVh; iÙku fl,Vy igq¡prk gSA bls jsyekxZ
dh yackbZ yxHkx 6100 fdeh gSA ;g la;qDr jkT; dk lcls vfèkd yack vkSj egÙoiw.kZ jsyekxZ gSA ;g ekxZ fiV~lcxZ
uxj tks ykSg&bLikr m|ksx dk fo'o izfl¼ dsanz gSA ;gk¡ ls if'pe dh vksj vxzlj ;g jsyekxZ fef'kxu >hy ds nf{k.k
rV ij fLFkr fo'kky f'kdkxks&xSjh vkS|ksfxd uxj rFkk mÙkj&if'pe vkSj ;g jsyekxZ lsUViky uxj esa izs;jh izns'k esa
fLFkr foLekdZ uxj igq¡pkrk gSA
;gk¡ ls vkxs c<+us ij jkWdh ioZrekyk dh igkfM+;ksa dh njks± rFkk lqjaxksa ls ikj djrk gqvk ;g jsyekxZ iz'kkar
rVh; iÙku fl,Vy igq¡p tkrk gSA ;g ekxZ la;qDr jkT; ds mÙkjh&if'peh Hkkx dks mÙkjh&iwohZ vkS|ksfxd {ks=k ls tksM+rk
gSA bl jsyekxZ ij vukt (eDdk] xsgw¡) ykSg bLikr] e'khuksa] ek¡l] iQy] ydM+h vkfn dk ifjogu gksrk gSA
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eè; vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ% ;g jsyekxZ U;w;kdZ uxj dks iz'kkar rVh; izfl¼ canjxkg lSaizQkaflLdksa ls tksM+rk gSA
;g jsyekxZ f'kdkxks rd mÙkjh vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ ds leku gS fdarq f'kdkxks ls bldk iFk vyx gks tkrk gSA f'kdkxks
ls if'pe dh vksj tkrk gqvk ;g jsy jsyekxZ felkSjh unh ds rV ij fLFkr vksekgk uxj igq¡prk gS tgk¡ ls vkxs IykV
unh dh ?kkVh esa gksrs gq, if'pe ds iBkjh izns'k eas izos'k djrk gS tgk¡ psuh uxj feyrk gSA blds if'pe esa jkWdh
ioZr ds bukUl njs± ls gksrs gq, ;g jsyekxZ lkYV ysdflVh igq¡prk gSA tgk¡ ls dSyhiQksfuZ;k dh gjh Hkjh ?kkVh vkjaHk
gksrh gSA if'pe esa lSUizQkesUVks uxj gksrs gq, ;g jsyekxZ iz'kkar egklkxj ds rV ij fLFkr lSUizQkaflLdksa uxj rd tkdj
lekIr gks tkrk gSA
nf{k.k vareZegk}hih; jsyekxZ% ;g jsyekxZ U;w;kdZ ls U;wvkfyZ;Ul gksrs gq, iz'kkar egklkxj ds rV ij fLFkr
ykl,aftYl uxj rd tkrk gSA ;g ekxZ la;qDr jkT; dh izeq[k vkS|ksfxd isVh ds eè; ls gksdj tkrk gS ftlls bldk
fof'k"V egÙo gSA ykWl ,aftYl uxj fiQYe m|ksx ds fy;s fo'o izfl¼ gSA
vkWLVsfy;u vareZgk}hih; jsyekxZ% ;g jsyekxZ vkLVªsfy;k egk}hi dh nf{k.k lhek ds fudV ls gksrk gqvk iwoZ
esa flMuh ls nf{k.k&if'pe esa iFkZ leqnziÙku rd tkrk gSA bl laiw.kZ jsyekxZ eas dbZ Hkkxksa esa jsyekxZ dh pkSM+kbZ (xst)
esa fHkUurk ikbZ tkrh gSA
vkLVªsfy;k ds iwohZ rV ij fLFkr izeq[k canjxkg flMuh ls izkjaHk gksdj ;g jsyekxZ xzsV fMokbfMax jst dks ikj djds
Mkfy±x unh ds if'pe eas fLFkr czksdu fgy uxj igq¡prk gSA ;gk¡ ls nf{k.k&if'pe esa ihVjcjks vkSj iksVZfijh gksrs gq,
iksVZ vkxLVk igq¡prk gSA if'pe dh vksj vxzlj ;g ekxZ if'peh vkLVªsfy;k dh fo'o izfl¼ Lo.kZ [knkuksa okys uxj
dkyxwyhZ vkSj dwyxkMhZ uxjksa ls gksrs gq, fgUn egklkxj ds rVij fLFkr izfl¼ leqnziÙku iFkZ igq¡prk tkrk gSA
zzla?k vkSj iz'kkar jsyekxZ% ;g jsy ykbu U;w;kWdZ dks lSu&ÚkaflLdks ls tksM+rh gSA buds eè; DyhoySaM] f'kdkxks]
bokal] lSØkesaVks vkfn egÙoiw.kZ LVs'ku gSaA bl jsy ekxZ }kjk ykSg v;Ld] vukt] dkx”k] jlk;u o e'khujh vkfn
dk ifjogu gksrk gSA
zzvkWLVsªfy;kbZ ikjegk}hih; jsy ekxZ% ;g jsy ykbu iFkZ ls vkjaHk gksdj flMuh rd tkrh gSA blds egÙoiw.kZ LVs'ku
dkyxqyhZ] czksdsu fgy] iksVZ vxLrk gSA ,d vU; mÙkj nf{k.k jsy ykbu ,MhysM dks ,fylfLizax ls tksM+rh gSA bl
jsy ykbu dks MkfoZu&fcjnqe ykbu ls tksM+k x;k gSA
6. vksfj,aV ,Dlizsl jsy ykbu% bl jsy ykbu dk foLrkj isfjl ls bLrkacqy rd gSA LVªkalcxZ] E;wfu[k] fo,uk]
cqMkisLV vkSj csyxzsM vkfn izeq[k jsyos LVs'ku gSaA bl ,Dlizsl jsy ykbu ls] isfjl ls bLrkacqy rd leqnzh ekxZ
}kjk igq¡pus ds le; dh rqyuk esa] vR;ar de le; yxrk gSA bl jsy ekxZ }kjk iuhj] ek¡l] tbZ] iQy] e'khujh
,oa vU; mRiknksa dk fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gSA bLrkacqy ls cSadkd rd ,d ,f'k;kbZ jsy ykbu ds fuekZ.k dk izLrko
gS] tks bZjku] ikfdLrku] Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k vkSj E;k¡ekj ls xq”kjsxhA
7. dsi&dkfgjk jsyekxZ% bl jsy ekxZ dh yackbZ yxHkx 14 g”kkj fdeh- gSA ;g jsy ekxZ felz dh jktèkkuh
dSjks ls dsiVkmu (nf{k.k vÚhdk) dks feyk,xhA ;g jsy ekxZ vLoku] vkfnl vckck] eksacklk gksrs gq, dsiVkmu
rd igq¡psxkA
blds vykok dukfM;u us'kuy jsy ekxZ tks gSyhiSQDl dks fizal#iVZ ls feykrh gSA fpyh ds okyijstks ls vts±Vhuk
ds C;wul vk;lZ rd Vªkal ,afM;u jsy ekxZ dk foLrkj gS] blds vykok {ks=kh; Lrj ij fo'o ds lHkh fodflr ,oa
fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jsy ykbu dk latky gSA
jsy ekxks± ds fodkl ds lkFk xarO; ij 'kh?kzrk ls igq¡pus ds fy;s gkbZLihM Vsªu] cqysV Vsªu vkfn dk mi;ksx gks jgk
gSA tkiku] phu] ;w-,l-,- o ;wjksih; la?k ds ns'kksa esa cqysV Vsªuksa dk izpkyu gks jgk gSA gky gh esa Hkkjr esa Hkh lseh
gkbZLihM Vsªu dk ijh{k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA vkus okys le; esa ;gk¡ Hkh cqysV Vsªu dk izpkyu gksxkA Hkkjr esa vgenkckn
ls eqacbZ ds chp cqysV Vsªu pykus dh ;kstuk gSA blds vykok ;wjksi esa leqnz ds uhps jsy ykbu dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k
gS tks xzsV fczVsu rFkk Úk¡l dks bafXy'k pSuy ds uhps cuk, x, jsy ekxZ }kjk tksM+sxkA LFkkuh; Lrj ij Hkwfexr eSVªks dk
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lapkyu Hkkjr lfgr fo'o ds dbZ ns'kksa esa gks jgk gSA blds vykok cqysV Vªsu dk vxyk dne lqij V~;wc Vªsu gSA
;w-,l-,- esa ,d ubZ rduhd gkbij ywi VªkaliksVsZ'ku VsDuksykWth ij vkèkkfjr ubZ ifjogu iz.kkyh ij 'kksèk fd;k tk jgk
gSA ;fn lc dqN Bhd jgk rks ;g lqijV~;wc ykl ,atsYl ls lSu ÚkaflLdks dh 614 fdeh- dh nwjh 760 ehy@?kaVk dh
jÝ+rkj ls 35 feuV esa iwjh djsxk] vHkh bl nwjh dks r; djus esa Vsªu ls 12 ?kaVs dk le; yxrk gSA
vkarfjd o rVh; ty ifjogu (Interior and coastal water transport)

lkeqfnzd ekxZ fofHkUu ns'kksa dks tksM+us dk dk;Z djrs gSaA rVorhZ ukS&ifjogu yach rVjs[kk okys ns'kksa ds fy;s ,d
lqxe fofèk gSA tSls ;w-,l-,-] phu] Hkkjr] vÚhdkA ;fn rVorhZ ukS&ifjogu dk Hkyh izdkj ls fodkl fd;k tk, rks
fofHkUu ns'kksa ds eè; O;kikj esa gksus okys ifjogu O;; o LFky ekxks± ij gksus okyh ;krk;kr ?kuRo dks de fd;k tk
ldrk gS&
1.ukS&ifjogu ugjsa (Navigatory canals)
zzLost ugj ekxZ% Lost ugj felz eas Hkweè; lkxj vkSj yky lkxj dks feykus ds fy;s cuk;k x;k ,d Ñf=ke tyekxZ
gSA ;g ;kstuk 1859 esa vysXtsf.Mª;k esa fLFkr izQk¡fllh nwrkokl ds bathfu;e iQfMZus.M&Mh&ysLsIl ds funsZ'ku esa
vkjaHk gqbZA ugj dk mn~?kkVu 1869 esa gqvkA bl ugj dh yackbZ 162 fdeh- gSA vkSlr pkSM+kbZ 60 ehVj vkSj xgjkbZ
10 ehVj gSA 1956 esa bldk felz ljdkj us jk"Vªh;dj.k dj fy;k FkkA 1967 esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k (U.N.O.) us bl
jk"Vªh;dj.k dks lgefr iznku dj nh FkhA bl ugj esa izfrfnu yxHkx 100 ty;ku vkokxeu djrs gSaA ;g ;wjksi
dks fgUn egklkxj esa ,d uohu izos'k ekxZ iznku djrk gSA fyojiwy ,oa dksyacks ds chp izR;{k leqnzh ekxZ dh nwjh
dks mÙkek'kk varjhi ekxZ dh rqyuk esa yxHkx 1600 fdeh- nwjh dh cpr gksrh gSA bl ugj ds lgkjs ,d jsyekxZ
Lost rd tkrk gS vkSj fiQj bLekbfy;k ls ,d 'kk[kk dkfgjk tkrh gSA uhy unh ls ukSxE; rktk ikuh dh ugj Hkh
Lost ugj ls bLekbfy;k eas feyrh gSA blds fuekZ.k ls iwohZ ns'kksa vkSj ;wjksi rFkk if'peh ns'kksa ds eè; O;kikfjd
egÙo c<+us ls oLrq,¡ lLrh gqbZ vkSj O;kikj esa o`f¼ gqbZA bl ugj ls fo'o dk lcls yack leqnzh ekxZ tks vVykafVd
egklkxj ls ysdj Hkweè;lkxj vkSj Lost ugj ls gksrk gqvk fgUn egklkxj ds mÙkjh iwohZ Hkkx rd tkrk gSA bls
if'peh ;wjksi&Hkweè; lkxj&fgUn egklkxj ekxZ ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA mÙkjh vesfjdh rFkk ;wjksi ls ,f'k;kbZ
ns'kksa (lmnh vjc] bZjkd] bZjku] ikd] Hkkjr] Jhyadk] E;k¡uekj]
FkkbySaM] flaxkiqj] baMksusf'k;k] phu] tkiku vkfn) rd ty;ku blh
ekxZ ls xqtjrs gSaA
zziukek ugj% ;g ugj iwoZ esa vVykafVd egklkxj dks if'pe esa
iz'kkr egklkxj ls tksM+rh gSA mÙkjh vesfjdk vkSj nf{k.k vesfjdk
ds eè; fufeZr iukek u gj dk mn~?kkVu 15 vxLr] 1914 dks
gqvk FkkA ;|fi ugj dk fopkj rks 16oha 'krkCnh esa vkjaHk gqvk
Fkk] ij ugj dks cukus dh ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa cgqr ls o"kZ
yxsA bldk eq[; dkj.k ;g Fkk fd iukek Fky la;kstd dh Hkwfe
ioZrh; Fkh vkSj mldh ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy;s ugj esa dbZ
LFkkuksa ij ykWDl cukus iM+s FksA bldk fuekZ.k iukek tyMe:eè;
ds vkj&ikj iukek ugj ,oa dksyksu ds chp la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
}kjk fd;k x;k] ftlesa nksuksa gh vksj ls 8 fdeh {ks=k dks [kjhn
dj bls ugj eaMy dk uke fn;k gSA bl ugj ij 85 o"kks± rd
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dk vfèkdkj jgkA 1 tuojh 2000 ls bl ij iukek uxj dk fu;a=k.k LFkkfir gks x;k gSA iukek
ugj 82 fdeh yach vkSj 12 fdeh- yach vR;fèkd xgjhdVku ls ;qDr gSA bldh U;wure xgjkbZ 12 ehVj o pkSM+kbZ
91
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90 ehVjgSA ugj dk lcls cM+k leqnzh Hkkx leqnz ry ls 26 ehVj m¡Qpk gSA bl ugj esa dqN N% tycaèkd ra=k ls
izos'k djrs gq, rhu ykWd iz.kkyh gS& (a) xkrwu ykWDl ,VykafVd fljs ij] (b) iSMjksfedV ykWDl eè; esa vkSj] (c)
ehjk ÝyklZ ykWDl iz'kkar fljs ij gSA bu ykWDl ds }kjk tgkt ioZrh; Hkwfe dks ikj dj ysrs gSaA bl ugj ls gksdj
tkus ij U;w;kdZ vkSj lSuizQkaflldks ds eè; dh nwjh gkuZ varjh; dh rqyuk esa yxHkx 13000 fdeh- de gks x;h
gSA U;wvkfyZ;Ul ls lSUizQkflLdks dh nwjh esa yxHkx 9000 fdeh- U;w;kdZ ls flMuh esa yxHkx 6500 fdeh- blh izdkj
U;w;kdZ ls ckyijkbtksa (phyh) tkus esa yxHkx 6000 fdeh dh cpr gksrh gSA bl ugj dk vkfFkZd egÙo Lost ugj
dh vis{kk de gSA fiQj Hkh nf{k.k vesfjdk dh vFkZO;oLFkk eas bldh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
zzfudkjkxqvk ugj% fudkjkxqvk us iz'kkar egklkxj ds lkFk vVykafVd egklkxj dks tksM+us ds fy;s ,d varjleqnzh
ugj dk fuekZ.k fnlacj 2014 esa izkjaHk fd;kA bl ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; iukek ugj ty ekxZ ds le{k izfr}a}h [kM+k
djuk rFkk gSrh ds ckn vesfjdk ds nwljs lcls xjhc ns'k fudkjkxqvk dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks iquthZfor djuk gSA ;g
ifj;kstuk phu }kjk lefFkZr ,oa iksf"kr gSA fudkjkxqvk ugj dh yackbZ 278 fdeh- gksxh rFkk ;g ugj o"kZ 2020
rd pkyw gks tk,xhA
2.vkarfjd ty ekxZ (Internal waterways)
zz;g egk}hih; ;k LFkyh; Hkkxksa esa fLFkr ufn;ksa rFkk >hyksa ls gksdj tkrk gSA blds fy;s os ufn;k¡ vkSj >hysa mi;qDr
gksrh gS ftuesa i;kZIr ty vkSj xgjkbZ ds lkFk gh <ky de ik;k tkrk gSA ufn;ksa eas jsr vkfn ds fu{ksi Hkh ty
ifjogu eas ckèkk mRiUu djrs gSa tks ufn;k¡ ;k >hysa 'kq"d Írq esa lw[k tkrh gS vFkok 'khr Írq eas te tkrh gSa muesa
dsoy ekSleh ifjogu gh laHko gks ikrk gSA fo'o eas ftu Hkkxksa esa i;kZIr ty izokg okyh cM+h&cM+h ufn;k¡ ikbZ tkrh
gS] mudk mi;ksx ty ifjgou ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA fo'o ds izeq[k vkarfjd tyekxks± dk fooj.k bl izdkj gSA
zzjkbu ty ekxZ@;wjksi ds vkarfjd tyekxZ% ;g unh csly ls jksVjMe rd yxHkx 700 fdeh- yackbZ esa ukSxE; gSA
cM+s tgk”k dsoy dksyksu rd igq¡p ldrs gSaA vkarfjd ty ekxks± dh n`f"V ls ;wjksi dh fLFkfr mÙke gSA mÙkj&if'pe
esa vVykafVd egklkxj vkSj nf{k.k esa Hkweè; lkxji esa fxjus okyh ufn;k¡ ;wjksih; ns'kksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh
lqfoèkk iznku djrh gSA mÙkj dh vksj izokfgr gksus okyh jkbu] lhu vkSj iks ufn;ksa] nf{k.k dh vksj cgus okyh
MsU;wc] Mksu] uhij rFkk uhLVj ufn;ksa vkSj dSfLi;u lkxj esa fxjus okyh oksYxk unh ds fupys Hkkxksa dk iz;ksx ty
ifjogu ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA if'peh ;wjksih; dqN ns'kksa (teZuh] izQk¡l vkfn) esa ty ifjogu ds fy;s ugjksa dk
Hkh fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA jkbZu unh teZuh vkSj uhnjySaM ls gksdj izokfgr gksrh gSA :j unh iwoZ esa jkbZu esa feyrh
gS tks laiUu dks;yk {ks=k ls izokfgr gksrh gSA ;g tyekxZ fo'o dk vR;fèkd iz;ksx esa yk;k tkus okyk tyekxZ gSA
zzmÙkjh vesfjdk ds vakrfjd tyekxZ% la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj dukMk ds eè; fLFkr egku >hyksa esa ty ifjogu
dh iw.kZ lqfoèkk gSA lqihfj;j] fef'kxu] gk:u vkSj bjh >hy ls gksdj lsaVyksjsal unh ds eqgkus rd tyiksrksa ds
vkus&tkus dh lqfoèkk ls ;g ,d izeq[k O;kikfjd ekxZ gSA felhflih] felkSjh vkSj vksfg;ks ufn;k¡ Hkh ukSxE; gS tks
dbZ vkS|ksfxd uxjksa dks tksM+rh gSA dukMk esa egku >hy ekxZ ds vfrfjDr lLdspku] eSdsath vkSj vksVkok ufn;ksa esa
Hkh ty ifjogu gksrk gS fdarq 'khr Írq esa fgekPNknu ls blesa vojksèk mifLFkr gksrk gSA
zz,f'k;k ds vkarfjd ty ekxZ% phu esa gokaxgksa unh vius eqgkus ls yxHkx 200 fdeh- mQij rd ukSxE; gSA
;k¡xfVlhD;k¡x unh Hkh eqgkus ij fLFkr 'ka?kkbZ uxj ls ysdj D;wfd;k¡x rd ukSdk tkus ;ksX; gSA nf{k.kh Hkkx ea izokfgr
gksus okyh lhD;k¡x unh vis{kkÑr vfèkd ukSxE; gSA nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;k esa bZjkoknh] ehuke] lhD;k¡x vkfn ufn;k¡
eqgkus ls FkksM+h nwjh rd gh ukSxE; gS ftudk O;kikfjd egÙo cgqr de gSA
zznf{k.k vesfjdk ds vkarfjd tyekxZ% mÙkjh Hkkjr esa if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj izokfgr gksus okyh fo'kku unh
vkestu viuh lkg;rk ufn;ksa lfgr yxHkx 30,000 fdeh yack tyekxZ iznku djrh gSA nf{k.kh czkthy] vtsZaVkbuk
vkSj ;w:Xos dks ijkuk] ijkXos rFkk IykVk ufn;ksa ds tyekxZ dh lqfoèkk gS tgk¡ eqgkus ls yxHkx 1500 fdeh- vanj
rd ty iksr lqxerk ls igq¡p tkrs gSaA
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zzvizQhdk ds vkarfjd tyekxZ% vizQhdk esa uhy] dk¡xks] ukbtj vkfn dbZ cM+h ufn;k¡ gSA ;|fi uhy unh dsoy
eqgkuk izns'k esa gh ukSxE; gS fdarq ukbtj vkSj dk¡xks ufn;ksa ds eqgkus ls ysdj yxHkx 1100 fdeh- Hkhrjh Hkkx rd
ty ifjogu dh lqfoèkk gSA
zzvkLVªsfy;k esa dsoy ejsZ rFkk MkfyZx ufn;ksa ds eqgkus ls yxHkx 1500 fdeh- vanj rd tyiksr igq¡p ldrs gSaA vU;
ufn;k¡ ukSxE; ugha gSA
ok;q ifjogu (Air transport)

ifjogu dk rhozre lkèku ok;q ifjogu gSA rhozxkeh gksus ds dkj.k yach nwjh dh ;k=kk ds fy;s bls ojh;rk iznku
dh tkrh gSA vxE; {ks=kksa rd igq¡p lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ok;q ifjogu lcls egÙoiw.kZ gSA ioZrksa] fge{ks=kksa vFkok
fo"ke e#LFkyh; HkwHkkxksa ij ok;q ifjogu ds dkj.k xE;rk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ok;q ifjogu us laidZ Økafr dk lw=kikr
fd;k gSA ioZrh; {ks=kksa esa HkwL[kyu vFkok Hkkjh fgeikr ds dkj.k ekxZ vo#¼ gksus ij ok;q ifjogu ,dek=k fodYi
gSA ok;q ifjogu dk lkefjd egÙo Hkh gksrk gS D;ksafd izR;sd ns'k viuh ok;qlsuk dks izfrj{kk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls fodflr
dj jgk gSA lqijlksfud foekuksa ds fodkl ds ckn bl ifjogu dh rhozrk esa vkSj Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA vareZgk}hih; ok;q
ifjogu ds n`f"Vdks.k ls vareZgk}hih; ok;qekxks± dh mÙkjh xksyk¼Z esa iwoZ&if'pe iV~Vh gSA ;w-,l-,-] ;wjksih; la?k ds
ns'k rFkk ,f'k;k ds dqN ns'k ok;q ifjogu dk vfèkd mi;ksx djrs gSaA vÚhdk] :l ds ,f'k;kbZ Hkkx rFkk nf{k.k
vesfjdk esa ok;q lsokvksa dk lhfer mi;ksx gksrk gSA nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z esa 10°–35° v{kka'kksa ds eè; vis{kkÑr fojy
tula[;k] lhfer LFky[kaM o vkfFkZd fodkl ds dkj.k ok;q ifjogu dk mi;ksx de gSA fo'o ds ok;qekxks± dks
fuEufyf[kr :i ls oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk gS&
1- vareZgk}hih; ok;q ekxZ% ,sls ok;q ekxZ tks nks egk}hiksa ds eè; vkokxeu dk lkèku gksrs gSa] vareZgk}hih; ok;q
ekxZ dgykrs gSa] tSls&
(i) U;w;kWdZ] lSu ÚkaflLdks] gksuksywyw] gkWUxdkWUx] ,MhysM] iFkZ ekxZA
(ii) lSu ÚkaflLdks ls Vksfd;ksA
(iii) yanu] jkse] eqacbZ] iFkZA
(iv) vU;] ftlesa U;w;kWdZ ls Vksfd;ks fo'o dk lcls yack ok;q ekxZ gS tks yanu] isfjl] jkse] dkfgjk] eqacbZ] fnYyh]
dksydkrk gkWUxdkWUx ls Vksfd;ks igq¡prk gSA
2- egk}hih; ok;q ekxZ% ,d gh egk}hi ds ns'kksa ds eè; ok;q ekxZ] egk}hih; ok;q ekxZ dgykrs gSa] tSls&
(i) fnYyh] cSadkd] guksbZ] gkWUxdkWUx] rkboku] Vksfd;ksA
(ii) U;w;kWdZ] f'kdkxks] ekWfUVª;yA
(iii) vU; ok;q ekxZ tks ,d egk}hi ds fofHkUu ns'kksa ds eè; vkokxfer gksrs gSaA
3- jk"Vªh; ok;q ekxZ% fdlh ns'k ds vkarfjd yach nwjh dh ;k=kkvksa ds fy;s ok;qekxks± dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA ok;q ekxZ
dk mi;ksx ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA vkarfjd yach nwjh ds ok;q ekxks± ds mnkgj.k gSaµ
(i) fnYyh ls eqacbZA
(ii) U;w;kWdZ ls lSu ÚkaflLdksA
(iii) yfuuxzkn&ekLdks
ikbiykbu ifjogu (Pipeline transport)

isVªksfy;e] izkÑfrd xSl tSls rjy o xSlh; inkFkksZ ds vckfèkr izokg vkSj ifjogu ds fy;s ikbiykbu lcls mi;qDr
ekè;e gSA 'kgjksa o vU; {ks=kksa esa tyiwfrZ ikbiykbu ds ekè;e ls gksrh gSA fodflr 'kgjksa esa ,y-ih-th dh vkiwfrZ
ikbiykbuksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA ;w-,l-,- esa rsy ikbiykbuksa dk l?ku tky gSA fo'o dh izeq[k rsy ikbiykbuksa esa ;w-,l ,-
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dh lcls izfl¼ ikbiykbu ^fcx bap* gS] tks esfDldks dh [kkM+h ds rVh; dqvksa ls mÙkj iwohZ jkT;ksa esa rsy ys tkrh gSA
blh izdkj bjkd] bZjku rFkk lmQnh vjc ls Hkweè; lkxj ds rV rd rsy ikbiykbu ^VSi ykbu* gSA ;g rsy ikbiykbu
iQkjl dh [kkM+h ds lehiorhZ rsy oqQ¡vksa dks flMku uked uxj ls tksM+rh gSA bldh yackbZ 1600 fdeh- ls Hkh vfèkd gSA
^dkedsu ikbiykbu* ;wjksi dh egÙoiw.kZ ikbiykbu gS] blds ekè;e ls cksYxk rFkk ;wjky rsy {ks=k ls iwohZ ;wjksi
ds jk"Vªksa rd [kfut rsy igq¡pk;k tkrk gSA blds vykok iwohZ lkbcsfj;k&iz'kkar egklkxj ikbiykbu (ESPO) ls :l
}kjk phu] tkiku o dksfj;k dks rsy vkiwfrZ lqfuf'pr gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa isVªksfy;e ikbiykbusa dks;yh ls eFkqjk rd rFkk
fMxcksbZ&xqokgkVh&cjkSuh&dkuiqj rd fcNh gSaA blds vykok yafcr ikbiykbu ifj;kstukvksa esa rkih xSl ikbiykbu
ifj;kstuk gS tks rqdZesfuLrku ls viQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku o Hkkjr rd foLr`r gksxhA ;g ikbiykbu 1814 fdeh- yach
gSA blds vykok Hkkjr ds fons'k ea=kh lq"kek Lojkt dh iQjojh 2015 esa vkseku dh ;k=kk ds nkSjku vkseku ls Hkkjr
rd ikbiykbu fcNkus ds eqn~ns ij u, fljs ls fopkj djus ij lgefr gqbZ gSA bl ifj;kstuk ij nqckjk lgefr dk eq[;
dkj.k leqnz ds uhps ikbiykbu fcNkus dh ubZ rduhdh dh miyCèkrk gSA bl rduhdh dks Úk¡l dh ,d daiuh us
fodflr dh gSA blls leqnz ds uhps ikbiykbu fcNkuk u fliQZ vklku gS cfYd blesa ykxr Hkh de vkrh gSA ;wjksih;
ns'kksa esa bl rduhdh dk bLrseky gks jgk gSA
xSl ikbiykbusa% xSl ikbiykbusa fof'k"Vhdj.k dh izfrewfrZ gSaA xSl ikbiykbusa isVªksfy;e ikbiykbuksa ls vfèkd cM+h
(30 bap O;kl rd) gksrh gSaA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa izkÑfrd xSl ikbiykbuksa }kjk ifjogu vVykafVd rFkk iz'kkar
rVh; {ks=kksa dks fd;k tkrk gSA
vts±Vhuk] ;wjksi] :l rFkk Hkkjr esa Hkh xSl ikbiykbuksa dk izpyu gSA
jktLFkku dk bfrgkl] dyk] laLÏfr] ijaijk ,oa fojklr (Hkkx&1)

vè;k;&1
^jktLFkku dk bfrgkl * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
jktLFkku esa egÙoiw.kZZ tuinksa dk fodkl (Development of Important Districts in Rajasthan)
oSfnd lH;rk ds fodklØe esa jktLFkku esa Hkh vusd tuinksa dk mn; vk;ks± ds vkØe.k ,oa fofHkUu dchykbZ
laØe.kksa ds ckn gqvkA ;wukuh vkØe.kksa rFkk ccZj dchyksa ls vkgr ,oa viuh Lora=krk cuk, j[kus gsrq iatkc dh ekyo]
f'kfo rFkk vtqZuk;u tkfr;k¡] tks vius lkgl ,oa 'kkS;Z gsrq izfl¼ Fkha] jktLFkku esa vkb± vkSj ;gha ij fuokl djus yxhaA
jktLFkku esa egÙoiw.kZ tuin fuEufyf[kr FksA
f'kfo tuin
f'kfo tuin dh jktèkkuh f'koiqj Fkh ,oa jktk lqf'ku }kjk mls vU; tkfr;ksa ds lkFk nl jktkvksa ds ;q¼ esa ijkftr
fd;k x;k FkkA bl izkphu f'koiqj dh igpku orZeku le; ds ikfdLrku ds 'kksjdksV uked LFkku ls dh tkrh gSA
dkykarj es ;g f'kfo tkfr (nf{k.kh iatkc dh) jktLFkku ds esokM+ {ks=k esa fuokl djus yxhA bl tuin dh jktèkkuh
fprkSM+x<+ ds ikl fLFkr uxjh FkhA esokM+ ds vusd LFkkuksa ls f'kfo;ksa ds flDds Hkh izkIr gq, gq, gSA eanlkSj ds ikl
tks 5 xqgkys[k izkIr gq, gaS] muls Kkr gksrk gS fd f'kfo tuin dk izlkj if'pe ls ysdj nf{k.k&iwoZ rd FkkA
ekyo tuin
ekyoksa dh 'kfDr dk dsanz t;iqj ds fudV Fkk] dkykarj esa bUgksaus vius {ks=k dks vtesj] Vksad ,oa esokM+ rd
iSQyk fy;k FkkA

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tkaxy tuin
egkHkkjr dky esa orZeku chdkusj ,oa tksèkiqj ds f”kys tkaxyns'k dgykrs FksA bl tuin dh jktèkkuh vfgPN=kiqj
Fkh] ftls orZeku le; esa ukxkSj dgk tkrk gSA chdkusj ds jktk blh ^tkaxyns'k* ds Lokeh gksus ds dkj.k [kqn dks
^tkaxyèkj ckn'kkg* dgrs FksA dgha&dgha ij bldk uke ^dq: tkaxyk* ,oa êknzs; tkaxyk* Hkh feyrk gSA chdkusj jkT;
ds jktfpÉ esa Hkh ^t; tkaxyèkj ckn'kkg* fy[kk tkrk FkkA
'kwjlsu tuin
;g tuin vkèkqfud czt {ks=k eas fLFkr FkkA bldh jktèkkuh eFkqjk FkhA egkHkkjr ds vuqlkj ;gk¡ ;kno (;nq) oa'k
dk 'kklu FkkA bl tuin ds varxZr Hkjriqj] èkkSyiqj rFkk djkSyh f”kyksa ds vfèkdka'k Hkkx vkrs Fks] lkFk gh vyoj
f”kys dk iwohZ Hkkx Hkh blds varxZr vkrk FkkA oklqnso dk iq=k JhÑ".k dk lacaèk blh tuin ls FkkA
eRL; tuin
orZeku t;iqj ds vkl&ikl ds {ks=k dks eRL; tuin ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA ;g tuin pacy ds ikl dh
igkfM+;ksa ls ysdj ljLorh unh ds vkl&ikl rd foLrkfjr FkkA orZeku vyoj ,oa Hkjriqj ds dqN Hkw&Hkkx Hkh bl
tuin ds varxZr vkrs FksA bldh jktèkkuh fojkV uxj Fkh] ftls orZeku esa ^cSjkB* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA izkjaHk esa
eRL; tuin psfn jkT; dk rFkk dkykarj esa ;g fo'kky exèk lkezkT; dk vax cu x;k FkkA
;kS¼s; tuin
jktLFkku ds mÙkjh Hkkx (Jh xaxkuxj rFkk guqekux<+) ds ;kS¼s; ,d 'kfDr'kkyh x.kra=kh; dchyk FkkA #nznkeu
ys[k ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;kS¼s; us laHkor% mÙkjh jktLFkku dh dq"kk.k 'kfDr dks u"V fd;k FkkA
'kkYo tuin
;g tuin vyoj {ks=k esa foLr`r FkkA
dq# tuin
jktLFkku esa vyoj dk mÙkjh Hkkx dq# tuin dk fgLlk FkkA bldh jktèkkuh banzizLFk (vkèkqfud fnYyh) FkhA
jktU; tuin
;g tuin Hkjriqj {ks=k esa foLr`r FkkA Hkjriqj ,oa vyoj izkar ds vtqZuk;u viuh fot;ksa ds fy;s izfl¼ jgs gSaA
blus Hkjriqj ds jktU; ,oa vyoj ds eRL; rFkk 'kkYo tuinksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k FkkA
ekè;fedk
bldk lokZfèkd izkphu mYys[k egkHkkjr esa feyrk gSA bldk fooj.k lHkkioZ esa udqy dh fnfXot; ;k=kk ds lanHkZ
esa feyrk gS] ftlus bls tuin dgkA ;g fpÙkkSM+x<+ f”kys ls 18 fd-eh- nwj ,sfrgkfld LFky gS] ftls ikf.kfu us
v"Vkè;k;h esa êkè;fedk* uke ls mfYyf[kr fd;k gSA
jktLFkku ds izeq[k ,sfrgkfld LFky

dkyhcaxk (guqekux<+)
zzmÙkjh jktLFkku esa ?kX?kj unh ds fdukjs flaèkq ,oa ljLorh lH;rk ds [kksts x, 25 LFkyksa esa ls dkyhcaxk ,d gSA
zz;g LFky guqekux<+ f”kys esa ljLorh (?kX?kj) unh ds rV ij 4500 o"kZ igys clk gqvk FkkA
zzbl LFky esa eq[; :i ls uxj&;kstuk ds nks Vhys& iwohZ Vhyk] tgk¡ ls lkèkkj.k cLrh ds lk{; feys gSa rFkk if'peh
Vhys esa nqxZ gS ftlds pkjksa vksj lqj{kk izkphj gS] izkIr gq, gSaA nksuksa Vhyksa ds pkjksa vksj Hkh lqj{kk izkphj cuh gqbZ FkhA
95
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zzbl LFky ls izkIr feV~Vh ds crZuksa ,oa eqgjksa ij tks fyfi vafdr ikbZ xbZ gS] og lSa?ko fyfi gS bls nk,¡ ls ck,¡
fy[kk tkrk FkkA ftls vHkh rd i<+k ugha tk ldk gSA
zzdkyhcaxk ls ikuh fudkl gsrq ydM+h ,oa b±Vksa dh ukfy;k¡ cuh gqbZ izkIr gqbZ gSaA
zzdkyhcaxk dh uxj ;kstuk flaèkq ?kkVh dh uxj ;kstuk ds vuq:i gSA
zz;gk¡ ij nhokjsa b±Vksa ls cukbZ tkrh Fkha vkSj bUgsa feV~Vh (xkjs) ls tksM+k tkrk Fkk ftlls nhokjsa e”kcwr rFkk fVdkmQ
cu tkrh FkhaA ;gk¡ laHkor% èkwi esa idkbZ xbZ b±Vksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA
zz;gk¡ ij O;fDrxr ,oa lkoZtfud ukfy;k¡ rFkk dwM+k Mkyus ds feV~Vh ds crZu uxj dh liQkbZ dh vlkèkkj.k O;oLFkk
ds vax FksA
zzdkyhcaxk esa ^tqrs gq, [ksr* ds lk{; feys gSa tks fo'o esa izkphure gaSA
zzloZizFke 1952 bZ- esa veykuan ?kks"k us bldh [kkst dh] rRi'pkr~ ch-ds- Fkkij] ts-ch- tks'kh rFkk ch-ch- yky ds
funsZ'ku esa mR[kuu dk;Z fd;k x;kA
jaxegy (guqekux<+)
zzçkphu n`"k}rh ,oa ljLorh ?kkVh esa vofLFkrA
zzyky jax ds ik=kksa ij dkys jax dh fM”kkbu ds dkj.k gh bls jaxegy uke fn;k x;kA
zzfeV~Vh dh ifg;snkj f[kykSuk&xkM+h feyh gSA
zz;gk¡ ls dq"kk.kdkyhu rkez eqnzk,¡ Hkh izkIr gqbZ gSaA
zz1952–54 bZ- esa bl LFky dk mR[kUu iqjkrRofon~ Jherh gUukfjM+ ds funsZ'ku esa gqvkA
txUukFkjk; dk f'kykys[k (1652 bZ-)

;g f'kykys[k mn;iqj ds txUukFkjk; eafnj ds lHkk eaMi ds izos'k }kj ij mRdh.kZ gSA blesa ckik ls ysdj egkjk.kk
txr flag rd ds 'kkldksa rd dh miyfCèk;ksa dk mYys[k feyrk gSA ;g esokM+ bfrgkl gsrq ,d mi;ksxh f'kykys[k gSA
bl ys[k ds jfp;rk rSyax czkã.k Ñ".kHkV~V ,oa eafnj dk lw=kèkkj Hkk.kk rFkk mldk iq=k eqdqan FkkA blesa egkjk.kk txr
flag }kjk fd;s tkus okys nku&iq.;ksa ,oa gYnh?kkVh ;q¼ vkfn dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
oS|ukFk eafnj dh iz'kfLr (1719 bZ-)
mn;iqj esa fiNksyk >hy ds fudV esa gkjhr Íf"k dh Ñik ls cIik }kjk jkT; izkfIr dk mYys[k)A bl eafnj ds
fuekZrk cIik rFkk laxzke flag f}rh; rd ds xqfgyksa dk mYys[k] laxzke flag o eqxy lsukifr j.kckt [kk¡ ds eè;
ckanuokM+k ds ;q¼ dk o.kZu ftlesa laxzke fot;h] jpukdkj&:i HkV~VA
ewfrZ;k¡ ,oa Lekjd (Sculptures and Monuments)

zzjktLFkku esa vusd LFkyksa ls feys nqxZ] LraHk] Hkou] eafnj] Lrwi vkfn ls rRdkyhu lkaLÑfrd] èkkfeZd ,oa lkekftd
bfrgkl dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA
zzjktLFkku esa izkphu nqxZ ,oa Hkou LFkku&LFkku ij ns[ks tk ldrs gSa] tSls& vpyx<+] dqaHkyx<+] fpÙkkSM+x<+] xkxjksu]
tkykSj] vkesj] j.kFkaHkkSj] tSlyesj] tksèkiqj] chdkusj vkfn nqxZ bfrgkl ds cksyrs lk{; gSaA
zznqxks± (fdyksa) esa cus eafnj] egy] tyk'k; vkfn ls Hkh rRdkyhu lekt ,oa èkeZ dh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA
zzjktLFkku ds egÙoiw.kZ ,oa izfl¼ eafnj] tSls& nsyokM+k (fnyokM+k) rFkk j.kdiqj ds tSu eafnj] ukxnk dk lkl&cgq
dk eafnj] vksfl;k¡ dk lfPpekrk ,oa tSu eafnj] mn;iqj dk txnh'k eafnj] vkesj dk txr~ f'kjksef.k eafnj] >kyjkikVu
dk lw;Z eafnj vkfn mYys[kuh; gSaA blds vfrfjDr iqLdj] ckM+ksyh rFkk fdjkMw vkfn LFkkuksa ds eafnj Hkh bfrgkl ds
vè;;u gsrq mi;ksxh gaSA ;s leLr eafnj dyk ,oa èkeZ ds vè;;u gsrq fo'ks"k :i ls egÙoiw.kZ gSaA
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zzewfrZ;ksads xgu vè;;u ls rRdkyhu vkHkw"k.kksa] os'kHkw"kk] Üka`xkj ds rkSj&rjhdksa] u`R; dh eqnzkvksa rFkk fofoèk ok|
;a=kksa vkfn dk Hkh cksèk gksrk gSA
zzjktLFkku esa fpÙkkSM+x<+ nqxZ fLFkr dhfrZ&LraHk LFkkiR; ,oa r{k.kdyk gsrq ,d Js"B mnkgj.k gSaA
zzvkesj dk txr~ f'kjksef.k eafnj] eqxy&jktiwr leUo; dh n`f"V ls mYys[kuh; gSA
fp=kdyk (Painting)
zzvkfndky ls jktLFkku ds yksxksa dh fp=kdyk esa #fp jgh gS] tSls& 'kSyfp=kA
zzizkphure lfp=k xzaFk tSlyesj ds tSu HkaMkj ls izkIr gq, gSaA
zz11oha ls 15oha 'krkCnh rd ds lfp=k xzaFkkas esa usfeukFk pfj=k] lqiklu pfj=ke~] fu'khFkpwf.kZ f=k"kf"V'ykdk iqjQ"k pfj=k
rFkk xhrxksafon vkfn izeq[k gSaA
zzfofHkUu jktnjckjksa esa vkfJr fp=kdkjksa }kjk vius&vius <ax ls fp=k cukus 'kq: fd;s x,A vr% fofHkUu fp=k 'kSfy;ksa]
tSls& ekjokM+ 'kSyh] cw¡nh 'kSyh] vkesj 'kSyh] ukFk}kjk 'kSyh] dksVk&'kSyh] esokM+ 'kSyh rFkk fd'kux<+ 'kSyh bR;kfn
dk fodkl gqvkA
zz,d vkSj tgk¡ ekokM+ 'kSyh ds varxZr fpf=kr iapra=k] mÙkjkè;;u lw=k] jkxekyk rFkk t;iqj 'kSyh eas ckjgeklk vkfn
jktLFkku fp=k 'kSyh ds Js"B mnkgj.k gSa ogha ;s bfrgkl ds lzksr Hkh gSaA
zzcw¡nh ,oa fd'kux<+ dk ukjh dk Üka`xkj fp=k.k ,oa dksVk dk f'kdkj n`'; mYys[kuh; gSA
zzukFk¼kjk esa cus iqf"VekxZ ls izHkkfor JhukFk th ds fp=k ,oa izkÑfrd fp=k.k vR;ar ltho gSA
zzjktLFkku dh fp=kdyk ls lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl dks fy[kus eas dkiQh lgk;rk feyrh gSA
U;k; O;oLFkk (Judicial System)

zzU;k; O;oLFkk ijaijkxr Fkh] loksZPp U;k;kèkh'k jktk gksrk FkkA
zzlkear viuh tkxhj ds varxZr izeq[k U;k;kèkh'k dh fLFkfr j[krk FkkA
zzxk¡oksa eas xzke iapk;rsa gksrh FkhaA
zz[kkylk {ks=kksa esa gkfdeksa ds }kjk U;k; dk dk;Z fd;k tkrk FkkA
zztkxhj esa tkxhjnkj U;k;kfèkdkjh gksrk FkkA
zzNksVh pkSfj;k¡ ,oa lkekftd vijkèk lacafèkr >xM+s tkfr iapk;r] xzke iapk;r }kjk lqy>k fy;s tkrs Fks] ;gk¡ ij ;s
>xM+s u lqy>us ij ;s >xM+s vFkkZr~ ekeys gkfde rFkk tkxhjnkj ds U;k;ky; esa pys tkrs FksA
zzcM+s vijkèkksa ,oa e`R;q naM ls laacafèkr fooknksa esa vafre fu.kZ; jktk dk gksrk FkkA
zzeqdneksa dk dksbZ fyf[kr fjdkWMZ ugha j[kk tkrk FkkA
zzxokgh lacafèkr dksbZ i`Fko~Q vfèkfu;e ugha FkkA
zz,d gh vijkèk ds fy;s naM nsrs le; nksuksa vijkèkh vkSj ftlds fo#¼ vijkèk fd;k x;k] mldh lkekftd fLFkfr
ns[kdj gh naM fn;k tkrk FkkA
zzU;k; dk vkèkkj ijaijkxr lkekftd ,oa èkkfeZd dkuwu Fks ftuds le{k lc cjkcj ugha FksA U;k; O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj
lkear dks ^lj.kk* ('kj.kkxr) dk vfèkdkj FkkA
zzeè;dkyhu U;k; O;oLFkk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk U;k; dk lLrk gksuk vkSj 'kh?kz gksuk FkkA ml le; naMfoèkku Hkh dBksj
ugha FksA
jktLFkku ds izeq[k ,sfrgkfld O;fDrRo
i`Fohjkt pkSgku
zzlkses'oj nso dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ i`Foh jkt pkSgku X;kjg o"kZ dh vYik;q eas flagklu ij cSBkA mudh ekrk diwZjh
nsoh vius vYio;Ld iq=k ds jkT; dh lajf{kdk cuhA
97
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zzi`Fohjkt pkSgku us vius ea=kh o lsukifr ds lg;ksx ls 'kklu dks lapkfyr fd;kA
zzmUgksaus vius lkezkT; foLrkj dh n`f"V ls iM+kslh jkT;ksa ds izfr fnfXfot; uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;kA
zzi`Fohjkt pkSgku ohj] lkglh rFkk foYk{k.k izfrHkk ds ?kuh FksA budk fo|k ,oa lkfgR; ds izfr fo'ks"k yxko FkkA
zzbuds njckj esa t;kud] fo|kifr] tuknZupancj nkbZ] ckxh'oj vkfn jgrs FksA
zzi`Fohjkt pkSgku esa nwjnf'kZrk ,oa dwVuhfr dk vHkko FkkA bUgksaus xkSjh dks ijkftr djus ds ckn Hkh iwjh rjg ls mls
lekIr ugha fd;kA
egkjk.kk lkaxk
zzjk.kk lkaxk jk;ey dh e`R;q ds ckn lu~ 1509 bZ- eas esokM+ dk egkjk.kk cusaA
zzegkjk.kk dqaHkk ds ckn egkjk.kk laxzke flag] tks fd lkaxk ds uke ls izfl¼ gS] esokM+ esa lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ 'kkld gq,A
zzbUgksaus viuh 'kfDr ds vkèkkj ij esokM+ lkezkT; dk foLrkj fd;k rFkk jktiwrkuk ds leLr ujs'kksa dks vius vèkhu
laxfBr fd;kA
zz;g vafre jktiwr lezkV Fkk ftlus vius usr`Ro esa leLr jktiwr 'kkldksa dks fons'kh vkØe.kksa ls lqj{kk djus rFkk
muls ohjrk iwoZd eqdkcyk djus gsrq laxfBr fd;k FkkA
zzbUgksaus lnSo fujarj ;q¼] 'kkS;Z rFkk ijkØe ls ns'k dh j{kk dhA
zzegkjk.kk ds 'kjhj ij 80 ?kko vkSj ;q¼ esa ,d gkFk ,oa ,d iSj {kfrxzLr gksrs gq, Hkh mudk 'kjhj otz dh rjg
e”kcwr FkkA
zzjk.kk lkaxk us fgEer] enkZuxh rFkk ohjrk dks viuk dj vius vkidks vej cuk fn;kA
zzgjfoykl 'kkjnk muds fo"k; esa fy[krs gSa fd& êsokM+ ds egkjk.kkvksa esa lkaxk lokZfèkd izrkih 'kkld gq,A mUgksaus
vius iq#"kkFkZ ds }kjk esokM+ dks mUufr ds f'k[kj ij igq¡pk;kA
jko ekynso
zzftl izdkj egkjk.kk lkaxk ,oa egkjk.kk izrki us esokM+ dh 'kfDr ,oa izfr"Bk eas o`f¼ dh] mlh izdkj ekynso ds
usr`Ro esa tksèkiqj ds ekjokM+ jkBkSM+ksa }kjk viwoZ 'kfDr dks vftZr fd;k x;kA
zzekynso dks dsoy ekjokM+ esa gh ugha vfirq Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa egÙoiw.kZ LFkku izkIr gSA mUgksaus vius NksVs ls jkT;
dks fo'kky ekjokM+ lkezkT; ds :i esa ifj.kr dj fn;kA
zzmuds jkT; esa 58 ijxus FksA mUgksaus 52 ;q¼ djds ;g fo'kky lkezkT; LFkkfir fd;kA
zzekynso ohj gksus ds lkFk&lkFk nkuh izo`fÙk ds O;fDr FksA os Lo;a laLÑr Hkk"kk ds vPNs fo}ku FksA
zz[;kr ys[kdksa }kjk mls ^fgUnw ckn'kkg dh in~oh nh xbZA
zzekynso esa nwjnf'kZrk dh deh FkhA mUgksaus tsrk ,oa dwaik ij vfo'okl djds 'ksj'kkg ds fo#¼ viuh thr dks ijkt;
esa cny fn;kA lkFk gh] esokM+ ,oa chdkusj dks Hkh vdkj.k viuk fojksèkh cuk fy;kA
vè;k;&2
^jktLFkku esa Lora=rk laxzke ,oa izeq[k ?kVuk,¡* ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
Økafr dk ifj.kke
zzMw¡xth&tokgjth
Mw¡xth rFkk muds Hkrhts tokgj flag cBksB ikVksnk (lhdj) ds Bkdqj FksA
bu nksuksa esa vaxzs”kksa dks ns'k ls ckgj fudkyus dh Hkkouk dwV&dwVdj Hkjh gqbZ FkhA blds fy;s bUgskaus viuk ,d
ny cuk;k vkSj vaxzs”k Nkofu;ksa dks ywVuk ,oa mUgsa uqdlku igq¡pkuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA
98
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tc bUgsa vius ny gsrq èku dh vko';drk gqbZ rks bUgksaus jkex<+ ds lsBksa ls èku dh ekax dh ijarq bu lsBksa us
vaxzs”kksa ds Hk; ls bUgsa èku nsus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA
Mw¡xth&tokgj th ,oa muds lkfFk;ksa }kjk jkex<+ ds lsBksa ds dkfiQyksa dks ywVdj dkiQh èku xjhc yksxksa esa ck¡V
fn;k x;kA
tc lsBksa }kjk vaxzs”kksa ls j{kk dh iQfj;kn dh xbZ rks bl ij vaxzs”kksa us Mw¡xth ds lkys HkSjksa flag dks ykyp fn;k
ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i mlus Mw¡xth dks lksrs gq, fxjÝrkj djok fn;kA
vaxzs”kksa us budks dSn djds vkxjk ds fdys esa Hkst fn;k ijarq tokgj th us bUgsa 6 ekg esa gh eqDr djok fn;kA
bUgksaus vkxjk ls ykSVdj jkex<+ ds lsBksa dks idM+k ftudh otg ls Mw¡xth dks fxjÝrkj fd;k x;k ijarq lsBksa
ds ekiQh ekaxus ij mUgsa NksM+ fn;k x;kA
ns'kh jktkvksa }kjk vaxzs”kksa dk lkFk fn;s tkus ls os nq%[kh t:j Fks ijarq muds gkSlys cqyan FksA
bUgksaus 18 twu] 1847 dks ulhjkckn Nkouh ij geyk fd;k rFkk 52 gtkj #i, vkSj ?kksM+s ywV fy;sA blls bu
nksuksa dh izflf¼ c<+hA
vaxzs”k bu nksuksa (Mw¡xth&tokgj th) ds uke ls Hk;Hkhr gksus yxsA vaxzs”kksa us bu nksuksa dks fxjÝrkj djus gsrq cgqr
iz;kl fd;kA vaxzs”kksa us rhu vksj ls ?ksjkcanh djds nksuksa dks ?ksj fy;k ijarq nksuksa ohj ;ks¼k ?ksjkcanh dks rksM+dj
'ks[kkokVh ls fudy iM+sA
tokgj flag chdkusj egkjktk jruflag ds ikl pys x, ftUgksaus vaxzs”kksa ds ncko ds ckotwn budks lkSaius ls
budkj dj fn;kA
Mw¡xth us vius vkidks pkjksa vksj ls f?kjk ikdj tksèkiqj jkT; ds vk'oklu (mUgsa vaxzs”kksa dks ugha lkSaik tk,xk)
ij vkReleiZ.k dj fn;k ijarq vaxzs”kksa ds ncko ds ifj.kkeLo:i tksèkiqj ds 'kkld us Mw¡xth dks vaxzs”kksa dks
lkSai fn;kA
tksèkiqj ds 52 jtokM+ksa }kjk Mw¡xth dks tksèkiqj dks lkSais tkus dh ekax ij vaxzs”kksa }kjk o"kZ 1848 esa Mw¡xth dks
iqu% tksèkiqj dks lkSai fn;k x;kA
bu nksuksa ohjksa dh xkFkk,¡ vkt Hkh xk¡o&xk¡o esa lqukbZ nsrh gSA
ekjokM+ fdlku vkanksyu (1924-47)

[Marwar Peasant Movement of (1924-47)]
ekjokM+ fj;klr dh tkxhj esa vkus okys {ks=k dk iSQyko vU; fj;klrksa ds {ks=kksa ls vfèkd FkkA ;gk¡ Ñ"kdksa dh n'kk
n;uh; FkhA mUgsa vusd izdkj dh csxkjksa] ykxrksa o vR;kpkjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk FkkA bl vkanksyu ds fuEufyf[kr
dkj.k Fks&
zzHkw&vfèkdkjksa dh vfuf'prrrk
zzfdlkuksa dks viuh tksr esa ls izkÑfrd mi;ksx u djus nsukA
zztkxhjnkjksa }kjk fdlkuksa dk vR;fèkd 'kks"k.k djuk rFkk csxkj izFkk dk gksukA
zztkxhjnkjksa }kjk fdlkuksa dk neu] ywVikV] mRihM+u rFkk gR;k,¡ djukA
zztkxhnkjksa }kjk tudY;k.k ,oa tuksi;ksxh gsrq iSlk [kpZ u djukA
bu lHkh dkj.kksa us fdlkuksa ds eu esa tkxhjnkjksa ds izfr ?k`.kk ,oa tkxhjh O;oLFkk dks lekIr djus dh Hkkouk dks
mRiUu dj fn;kA ekjokM+ esa vusd ,sls pj.k fo|eku Fks ftUgksaus ogk¡ ds fdlkuksa esa tkx`fr vkbZA ;s pj.k fuEufyf[kr
gSA
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vè;k;&3
^jktLFkku dh /kjksgj * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
jktLFkku ds izeq[k nqxZ ,d u”kj esa
fdys dk uke LFkku Js.kh fuekZrk fooj.k@fo'ks"krk
j.kFkaHkkSj fdyk lokbZ ekèkksiqj fxfj ,oa pkSgku 'kkldksa }kjk (8oha 1301 bZ- esa izFke lkdk] jk.kk
ou nqxZ 'krkCnh esa) j.kFkkunso@jafrunsogEehj dh vku&cku&'kku
gsrq izfl¼A
rkjkx<+ fdyk vtesj fxfj nqxZ pkSgku 'kkld vt; jkt bls ^x<+ chByh* nqxZ ds uke
(1105&1133 bZ-) ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
fpÙkkSM+ fdyk fpÙkkSM+x<+ fxfj nqxZ fp=kkax ekS;Z ;g rhu lkds (1303
bZ- 1534 bZ-] 1567&68 bZ-)
gsrq izfl¼
tSlyesj fdyk tSlyesj èkkUou nqxZ jko tSly (1155 bZ-) ;g ihys iRFkjksa ls fufeZr gS
tks lw;Z&fdj.kksa ls pedus
ds dkj.k ^lksukjx<+* uke ls
Hkh fo[;kr gSA ;g ^<kbZ
lkds* gsrq izfl¼ gSA
dqaHkyx<+ fdyk jktlean fxfj nqxZ jk.kk dqaHkk (1448&1458 bZ) esokM+ dh ladVdkyhu
jktèkkuh jgh gSA
xkxjks.k fdyk >kykokM+k ty nqxZ chtynso (yxHkx 1195 bZ-) vpynkl [khaph dh ohjrk
(1423 bZ-) ds fy;s
fo[;krA ;gk¡ ij nks lkds
Hkh gq,A gSaA
ukgjx<+ fdyk t;iqj fxfj nqxZ lokbZ t;flag (1734 bZ-) fdys esa lokbZ ekèkksflag dh
ukS iklokuksa ds egyA
ekaMyx<+ fdyk HkhyokM+k fxfj nqxZ vtesj ds pkSgku 'kkld eaMykÑfr dk gksus ds dkj.k
;g ekaMyx<+ dgyk;kA
twukx<+ fdyk chdkusj èkkUou nqxZ egkjktk jk;flag (1589-1594 bZ-) fdys dh lwtiksy ij
ds eè; fufeZrA jk;flag iz'kfLr mRdh.kZ gSA
esgjkux<+ fdyk tksèkiqj fxfj nqxZ jko tksèkk us 1459 bZ- esa bl cyqvk iRFkjksa ij uDdk'kh
fdys dh uhao j[khA dk mÙke dk;Z
yksgkx<+ fdyk Hkjriqj LFky ,oa egjktk lwjtey }kjk 1733 fdys dh ckgjh izkphj
ikfj[k nqxZ bZ- esa fufeZr feV~Vh dh cuh gqbZ gSa] ftl
ij ck:n csvlj jgrk gSA
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rkjkx<+ fdyk cw¡nh fxfj nqxZ jko cjflag (14oha 'krkCnh) ioZr dh Å¡ph pksVh ij
fLFkr gksus ls rkjs ds leku
fn[kkbZ iM+us ds dkj.k ;g
fdyk ^rkjkx<+* ds uke ls
fo[;kr gSA
vpyx<+ fdyk fljksgh fxfj nqxZ egjk.kk dqaHkk (1452 bZ-) esa &
flok.kk fdyk ckM+esj fxfj nqxZ ohj ukjk;.k iaokj (10oha ;g fdyk ekynso ds cqjs
'krkCnh) fnuksa esa vkJ; LFky jgk gSA
t;x<+ dk fdyk t;iqj fxfj nqxZ ekuflag izFke (1589&1614 bl fdys ij 'k=kq us dHkh
bZ-) }kjk fufeZrA fetkZ t;flag vkØe.k ugha fd;k ;gk¡ ij
o lokbZ t;flag }kjk ifjofèkZrA ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h
t;ck.k rksi j[kh gqbZ gSA
HkSaljks<+x<+ fdyk fpÙkkSM+x<+ ty nqxZ HkSalk'kkg uked O;kikjh vkSj pacy ,oa ckeuh ufn;ksa ds
jksM+k pkj.k }kjkA ty ls rhu vksj ls f?kjk
gqvk fdykA
HkVusj fdyk guqekux<+ èkkUou nqxZ HkkVh jktk Hkwir (rhljh fdys dk fuekZ.k idh b±Vksa
'krkCnh) vkSj pwus ls gqvk gSA
ukxkSj fdyk ukxkSj èkkUou nqxZ pkSgku 'kkld lkses'oj ds lkear vdcj us 1570 bZ- esa viuk
dSekl }kjk 1154 bZ- esa uhao izfl¼ ukxkSj njckj yxk;kA
j[kh xbZA
'ksjx<+ fdyk ckjka ty nqxZ ijekj 'kkldksa }kjk (7oha dks'ko¼Zu ioZr f'k[kj ij
'krkCnh esa) fLFkr] 'ksj'kkg us bls 'ksjx<+
uke fn;kA
ckyk fdyk vycj fxfj nqxZ vyq?kjk; (1049 bZ-) esaA [kkuok ds ;q¼ (1527 bZ-)
esa jk.kk lkaxk dk lkFk nsus
okyk glu [kk¡ esokrh ;gk¡
dk 'kkld FkkA
tkykSj fdyk tkykSj fxfj nqxZ izfrgkj ujs'k ukxHkV~V izFke }kjk lksufxfj igkM+h ij fLFkr
8oha 'krkCnh esaA gksus ds dkj.k ;g lksux<+
dgyk;kA bls (tkckfyiqj nwZ]
,oa Lo.kZ fxfj nqxZ ds uke
ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA)
fot; eafnj fdyk Hkjriqj fxfj nqxZ ;kno oa'kh jktk fot;iky }kjk
–
(1040 bZ-) esaA
ekèkksjktiqjk fdyk t;iqj Hkwfe nqxZ lokbZ ekèkksflag izFke ekèkksjktiqjk dLck clk;k
x;kA
Mhx nqxZ Hkjriqj Hkwfe nqxZ cnuflag (1730 bZ-) –
vtcx<+ fdyk vyoj fxfj nqxZ vtcflag (1635 bZ-) –

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iQrsgiqj nqxZ lhdj – iQrg[kk¡ dk;e[kkuh (1453 bZ-) –
[khaolj nqxZ ukxkSj Hkwfe nqxZ jko djelth (1523 bZ-) –
fdyks.kx<+ fdyk ckM+esj fxfj nqxZ Hkheksth –
vlhjx<+ fdyk Vksad fxfj nqxZ czkã.k Hkksyk –
euksgjFkkuk nqxZ >kykokM+ ty nqxZ Hkheflag –
uoy[kka nqxZ >kyjkikVu – >kyk i`Fohflag –
dksVM+k nqxZ ckM+esj – – –
Hkksiky x<+ fdyk [ksrM+h fxfj nqxZ Bkdqj Hkksiky flag –
ckxkSj fdyk [ksrM+h – – –
dkdksM+ fdyk VkWd – – –
gkik dksV ckM+esj – – –
dkd.kckM+h fdyk vyoj fxfj nqxZ – vkSjaxtsc }kjk vius HkkbZ nkjk
f'kdksg dks dSn fd;k x;kA
nkSlk fdyk nkSlk fxfj nqxZ dPNokgk nsofxfj igkM+h ij fLFkr lwi
(Ntys) dh vkÑfr dk gSA
banzx<+ fdyk cw¡nh fxfj nqxZ – –
uhejk.kk fdyk vyoj fxfj nqxZ i`Foh jkt pkSgku ds oa'kt }kjk iapegy ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA
cksjkt fdyk t;iqj fxfj nqxZ [kaxkjksr –
vè;k;&4
^jktLFkkuh laLÏfr] ijaijk ,oa fojklr * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
jktLFkkuh laLÑfr (Rajasthani culture)

jktLFkku dks lkaLÑfrd n`f"V ls Hkkjr ds le`¼ izns'kksa esa fxuk tkrk gSA jktLFkkuh laLÑfr ,d fo'kky lkxj gS] tks
xk¡o&<+k.kh] fdys&x<+h] pkSiky&iu?kV] egy&>ksiM+h] [ksr&[kfygku ?kj&?kj rFkk tu&tu esa lekbZ gqbZ gSaA jktLFkkuh laLÑfr
viuh egd ds lkFk jhfr&fjokt] rht&R;kSgkj] vkpkj&O;ogkj] Ükàxkj&igukok] ukV~;&u`R; rFkk ioZ&esys vkfn esa izfrfcacr
gksrh gSA ;g laLÑfr (jktLFkkuh laLÑfr) lef"Vxr] leUo;kRed ,oa izkphu gSA izkÑfrd oSHko ,oa HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrk
us bls vkSj vkd"kZd cuk fn;k gSA oLrqr% jktLFkkuh laLÑfr yksd thou dk izfèkfufèkRo djus okyh laLÑfr gSA
jktLFkkuh laLÑfr dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Features of Rajasthani Culture)

jktLFkkuh laLÑfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡
zzîèkkjks Egkjs nsl* ds fuea=k.k dh laokgd jktLFkkuh laLÑfr dks lkaLÑfrd i;ZVu dk i;kZ; ekuk tkrk gSA 33 ftyksa
dks vius vkapy esa lesVus okyh jktLFkku dh èkjrh lkaLÑfrd ijaijkvksa dk ,d vuwBk feJ.k izLrqr djrh gSA
zzjktLFkku dh lkaLÑfrd ijaijk,¡] izÑfr ,oa oU;thoksa dh fofoèkrk] nSnhI;eku bfrgkl rFkk fojklr ls tqM+s LFky
i;ZVu ds [kqys vkea=k.k gSA le`¼ yksd laLÑfr ds ifjpk;d ,oa meax ds izrhd esys] rht&R;ksgkj] iQkYxqu dh
eLrh esa u`R; djrh gqbZ vkd"kZd ifjèkku ls ;qDr efgyk,¡ ,oa vkLFkk rFkk fo'okl ds izrhd yksd nsork vkfn
i;ZV~dksa dks peRÑr djus gsrq i;kZIr gSA

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zzjktLFkku dh laLÑfr ,oa ijaijk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd jktLFkku ds tuekul us ftl izdkj vkLFkkvksa ,oa
ekU;rkvksa dks iQyus&iQwyus fn;k mlh izdkj mUgksaus muds vuq;kf;;ksa ds izfr Hkh Hkzkr`&Hkko j[kkA tSls& vtesj ds
[oktk eqbZuqíhu fp'rh dh njxkgA ;g njxkg fo'oHkj ds J¼kyqvksa dh vkLFkk ,oa fo'okl dk dsanz gS] ftlesa u
èkeZ dh ikcanh gS vkSj u tkfr dh] u ns'k dh vkSj u laiznk; dhA fganw] eqlyeku] flD[k vkSj vU; èkekZoyach lHkh
bl njxkg ij vdhnr ds iQwy p<+krs gSa] eukSfr;k¡ eukrs gSA vkt vtesj lwiQh er dk izeq[k varjkZ"Vªh; rhFkZ gSA
blh izdkj if'peh jktLFkku ds ckM+esj ftys ds ukdksM+k HkSjo th rFkk esokM+ ds dslfj;k th tSfu;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk
lukrfu;ksa ds Hkh iwtuh; gSA
zzjktLFkku ds yksd nsork ftUgksaus ;gk¡ ds lqnwj vapyksa esa fLFkr fdlkuksa] tutkfr;ksa ,oa vkfnokfl;ksa dks lfn;ksa ls
vkLFkk ds lw=k esa ck¡èks j[kkA tSls :.kspk esa fpj&lekfèk esa yhu jkenso] ftl izdkj fganqvksa ds jkens gS] mlh izdkj
eqLyekuksa ds jke&lk ihj Hkh gSA vkt Hkh ckck jkenso mÙkj Hkkjr ds iwtuh; yksdnsorkvksa esa izeq[k gSaA
zzjktLFkku ds eè;dkyhu larksa vkSj muds vuq;kf;;ksa }kjk LFkkfir eB] esys] jke¼kjk] lekxeksa rFkk ;k=kk ds ekè;e
ls lkaLÑfrd ,oa HkkoukRed ,drk ds iz;kl fd;s x,A bu larksa dh izsekHkfDr ds fl¼karksa rFkk ekuo dY;k.k dh
dkeuk us ;gk¡ ds lekt esa HkkoukRed ,drk ds vk;ke ds uohu iV [kksysA bu larksa }kjk eu&feykus dk tks iz;kl
ftl lgtrk ls fd;k x;k og LrqR; gS vkSj ;gk¡ dh laLÑfr dh igpku gSA
zzjktLFkku ds yksx viuh laLÑfr ,oa ijaijk ij xoZ djrs gSaA mudk n`f"Vdks.k ijaijkxr gSA ;gk¡ ij lkyHkj esyksa
,oa ioZ&R;kSgkjksa dk rkark yxk jgrk gSA bl lanHkZ esa ;gk¡ ij ,d dgkor Hkh izpfyr gS& ¶lkr okj] ukS&R;kSgkjA¸
;gk¡ ds esys ,oa ioZ&R;kSgkj jaxkjax ,oa n'kZuh; gksrs gSa] tks ;gk¡ ds yksxksa ds thou] mudh [kqf'k;ksa ,oa meax ds
ifjpk;d gSA izk;% bu esyksa vkSj R;kSgkjksa ds ewy esa èkeZ gksrk gS ijarq buesa ls dbZ esys ,oa R;kSgkj vius vkfFkZd
,oa lkekftd egÙo ds ifjpk;d gSA jktLFkku esa rht dks R;kSgkjksa esa igyk LFkku iznku fd;k x;k gSA ;g R;kSgkj
èkkfeZd ioZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk jktLFkku dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr dk izrhd Hkh gSA
zzeuq"; ,oa i'kqvksa dh varfuZHkjrk dks n'kkZus okys i'kq esys jktLFkku dh igpku gS tSls iq"dj dk dkfrZd esyk]
ijcrlj ,oa ukxkSj ds rstkth dk esyk] tks ewyr% èkkfeZd gS] ;s jkT; ds cM+s i'kq esys ekus tkrs gSaA
zzjktLFkku esa iwjk laink dk vVwV [ktkuk Hkh fo|eku gSA jktLFkku ij izkxksfrgkfld 'kSy fp=kksa dh NVk gS] rks dgha
gM+Iik laLÑfr ds iwoZ ds izcy izek.k] rks dgha ij izkphu dky esa èkkrq iz;ksx ds lk{; izkIr gq, gSaA dgha x.ks'oj
dk rkez oSHko rks dgha izLrj izfrekvksa dk 'kSfYid izfreku] dgha f'kykys[kksa ds :i esa ik"kk.kksa ij mRdhZ.k xkSjo'kkyh
bfrgkl rks dgha e`.k ewfrZ;k¡ vkSj e`nHkkaM ls ysdj èkkrq izfrekvksa rd dk f'kYi 'kkL=k] dgha dky dh xos"k.kk djrs
izkphu flDds rks dgha okLrqdyk ds mRÑ"V izrhd fc[kjs iM+s gSaA
zzjktLFkku esa vHksn nqxZ] mikluk LFky] HkO; izklkn ,oa thoar Lekjdksa dk laxe vkfn ;gk¡ ds dLcksa] 'kgjksa rFkk mtM+h
cfLr;ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gS tSls 'ks[kkoVh ds euksgkjh fo'kky izlkn rFkk vksfl;k¡] j.kdiqj] nsyokM+k (fnyokM+k)
>kyjk&ikVu ds mRÑ"V dykRed eafnj rFkk tSlyesj dh iVoksa dh 'kkunkj gosfy;k¡ vkfn ,sls gh dqN izrhd gS]
ftu ij jktLFkku dykdkjksa ds gLrk{kj gSA
zzjktLFkku dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr esa jktLFkku ds nqxksZ (fdyksa) dk cgqr egÙoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ;gk¡ ds izfl¼ nqxks± esa
j.kFkEHkksj] xkxjksu] tSlyesj] fpÙkkSM+] HkVusj] floku rFkk tkykSj vkfn nqxZ (fdys) ,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls cgqr izfl¼
jgs gSaA buds LkkFk 'kwjohjksa ds ijkØe rFkk ohjkaxukvksa ds tkSgj dh jksekapd xkFkk,¡ Hkh tqM+h gqbZ gS] tks jktLFkku ds
lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh vueksy èkjksgj gSaA
zzjktLFkku ds nqxZ (fdys) rFkk buls tqM+h vkLFkk ;gk¡ ds tuekul dks lnk ls gh izsj.kk nsrh vkbZ gSaA 'kkS;Z ,oa ohjrk
ds izrhd ;s nqxZ (fdys) vius vuwBs LFkkiR;] vn~Hkwr f'kYi ,oa lkSan;Z rFkk fof'k"V lajpuk ds dkj.k n'kZuh; gSA
zzjktLFkku dh fp=k'kSfy;k¡ blds oSHko dk izek.k gSA bu 'kSfy;ksa esa Ükàxkfjdrk ds lkFk&lkFk ykSfdd thou dh l'kDr
vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA ;g jktLFkkuh 'kSyh xqtjkrh ,oa tSu 'kSyh ds rÙoksa dks vius eas lesV dj eqxy 'kSyh esa lefUor
gqbZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fd'kux<+ 'kSyh] ukFk¼kjk 'kSyh] t;iqj 'kSyh rFkk cw¡nh 'kSyh vkfnA
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zzjktLFkku ds ohj ,oa ohjkaxukvksa us tgk¡ j.k{ks=k esa ryokjksa dk tkSgj fn[kkdj fo'o bfrgkl esa viuk uke Lo.kkZ{kjksa
esa vafdr fd;k gS ogha HkfDr ,oa vkè;kfRedrk ds {ks=k esa Hkh jktLFkku ihNs ugha jgk gSA ;gk¡ ij nknw vkSj ehjk
HkfDr vkanksyu ds izeq[k lar jgs gSaA
zzjktLFkku ds HkfDr xhrksa esa tgk¡ ,d vksj yksdrkaf=kd ewY;kas dks izfr"Bk feyh] ogha O;fDr Lokra=k; dk Loj Hkh izLiQqfVr
gqvk rFkk yksdijd&lkaLÑfrd psruk mtkxj gqbZ gSA ;g psruk gesa jktLFkku ds esyksa rFkk R;kSgkjksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
zzjktLFkku dh lkaLÑfrd ijaijk ,oa fojklr esa yksd u`R; dk fo'ks"k egÙo jgk gSA yksd u`R; jktLFkkuh laLÑfr ds
okgd gSA ;gk¡ ds yksd u`R; esa y;] rky] xhr] lqj vkfn dk lqanj ,oa larqfyr lkeatL; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA pax]
xsj] xhnM+] ?kwej rFkk <ksy vkfn u`R; ;gk¡ ds tuthou dh lathouh cwfV;k¡ gSaA
zzjktLFkku esa vusd ohj] fo}ku ,oa dqykfHkekuh jktk] ljnkj vkfn gq, ftUgksaus vusd ;q¼ksa esa vius izk.kksa dh vkgqfr
nh vkSj viuh dhfrZ LFkkfir dhA jktiwr tkfr dh ohjrk fo'o izfl¼ jgh gSA xkxjksu] vpyx<+] j.kFkEHkkSj] fpÙkkSM+]
dqaHkyx<+] tkykSj vkfn fdyksa rFkk vusd izfl¼ j.k{ks=kksa esa dbZ cM+s&cM+s ;q¼ gq, tgk¡ vusd ohj jktiwrksa us ogk¡ dh
feV~Vh dk ,d&,d d.k vius jDr ls rj fd;kA jktLFkku esa vusd ,sls LFkku gSa tgk¡ ij jktiwr {k=kkf.k;ksa us 'k=kq
dk lkeuk fd;kA lpeqp jktiwrkuk dh èkjrh vlkèkkj.k jgha gSaA bl lanHkZ esa duZy VkWM us dgk Fkk fd ¶jktLFkku
esa dksbZ NksVk&lk jkT; Hkh ,slk ugha gSa] ftlesa FkeksZiksYyh tSlh j.kHkwfe u gks vkSj 'kk;n gh ,slk uxj feys] tgk¡
fy;ksfuMkl~ tSlk ohj iq#"k mRiUu u gqvk gksA¸
zz12oha 'krkCnh ds var esa jktiwrkuk ds bfrgkl esa Hkkjh gsj&iQsj vFkkZr~ ifjorZu gqvk] ftldk dkj.k Hkkjr esa eqfLye
'kfDr dk izos'k FkkA jktLFkku esa i`Foh jkt pkSgku dh ijkt; (1192 bZ-) ds lkFk gh eqfLye lÙkk dh LFkkiuk 'kq:
gqbZA bl cká lÙkk dks jktiwr 'kkldksa ,oa lkearksa us m[kkM+ iQsadus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA lÙkk&la?k"kZ esa jktiwr
fu.kkZ;d yM+kbZ ugha thr lds] ftldk eq[; dkj.k Fkk& jktiwrksa esa lkèkkj.kr% vkilh lg;ksx dk vHkko] ;q¼ yM+us
dh detksj j.kuhfr ,oa lkearoknA
zzjktLFku esa jk.kk dqEHkk ,oa jk.kk lk¡xk ds usr`Ro esa loksZPprk dh LFkkiuk laHko gks ldh FkhA nksuksa 'kkld chj
;ks¼k rFkk etcwr usr`Ro lerk ls laiUu FksA viuh ohjrk ,oa ryokj ds cy ij jk.kk lkaxk us cgqr xkSjo izkIr
fd;kA budh 'kfDr bruh c<+ xbZ Fkh fd ekyok] xqtjkr rFkk fnYyh ds lqYrkuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh vdsyk mUgsa gjk
ugha ldrk Fkk rFkk ;q¼ {ks=k esa mUgha dk lkeuk djrs le; lezkV ckcj us viuh ijkt; dh izcy vk'kkvksa ls
?kcjkdj Hkfo"; esa efnjkiku u djus dh 'kiFk Hkh yh Fkh rFkk vftZr dhfrZ ,oa Lo;a dks cpkus gsrq ;g ^fons'kh
Hkkjr fotsrk* fpfUrr gks mBk FkkA
zzjktiwrkuk ds fy;s eqxyksa dk iruksUeq[k dky fgrdj ugha jgkA vusd ckj bfrgkl esa ;g foMEcuk ns[kus dks feyrh
gSa fd tc dksbZ Hkh 'kfDr nwljh 'kfDr ls futkr ikus gsrq la?k"kZ dj vius edln esa dke;kc gks tkrh gS rks Hkh
og csgrj fLFkfr dh vis{kk cnrj gkykr esa igq¡p tkrh gSA vusd ckj ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd feytqy dj dVh irax
dks ywV fy;k tkrk gS ijarq irax izkfIr ds ckn ml ij vfèkdkj vkfn tSls iz'uksa dks ysdj dqN ugha lkspk tkrk gSA
varr% bldk ifj.kke irax dh ywVikV esa irax dk iQVuk gksrk gS] bl izdkj fu;ksftr Max ls rS;kj ra=k ds vHkko
esa cuk gqvk [ksy Hkh fcxM+ tkrk gSA ;gh ckr jktiwrkus esa eqxy lÙkk ds iruksaeq[k dky esa gqbZA rRi'pkr vusd
leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djus ds ckn varr% fczfV'k 'kklu ds varxZr jktiwrkus dk bfrgkl ,d fuf'pr vkdkj ,oa
igpku ik ldk] ,d ,slh HkkSxksfyd vfHkO;fDr dks izkIr dj ldk] ftlls varr% Hkkjr ds uD'ks esa jktLFkku izkar
dh mifLFkfr ntZ gks ldh] dbZ lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ls eqfDr ik ldk rFkk vkèkqfudhdj.k dh jkg ij py ldk ijarq
;s lHkh jktiwrkus dks ijkèkhurk] vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ,oa cackZnh rFkk dyad dh dher ij izkIr gqvkA
zzjktLFkku viuh ckSf¼d vfHkl`f"V esa Hkh cgqr le`¼ jgk gSA ;gk¡ ij pancjnkbZ] lw;ZeYy ehl.k] ekèk] dfo dj.khnku]
uS.klh rFkk nqjlk vk<+k vkfn tSls fo}ku ys[kd] jktk jk;flag] egkjk.kk dqaHkk] jktk lokbZ t;flag vkfn ,oa vkèkqfud
;qx ds fuekZrk tSls egkjktk xaxkflag] egkjko mEesnflag f}rh; vkfn izcq¼ 'kkld vorfjr gq,A bUgksaus vius vFkd
iz;klksa ls jktLFkku ds xkSjo ,oa le`f¼ esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA
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zzftl èkjrh ij eè;;qxhu lkearoknh pfj=k ds ckotwn vktknh dk vkanksyu pyk] vkfnoklh Hkhyksa us xksfoUn fxfj rFkk
eksrhyky rstkor ds usr`Ro esa la?k"kZ fd;k rFkk fot; flag ifFkd ds usr`Ro esa fctkSfy;k fdlku vkanksyu pyk;k
x;k] og Hkwfe fu'p; gh Lora=krk ,oa ifjorZu dh nsoh gSA
zzjktLFkku dh laLÑfr yksdlaLÑfr gS] tks bldh fof'k"V igpku gSA jktLFkku dh yksd laLÑfr ohjksa ,oa ohjkaxukvksa
ds ohjrkiw.kZ ÑR;ksa rFkk èkkfeZd&nk'kZfud ekU;rkvksa ,oa vkLFkkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA jktLFkkuh yksd laLÑfr dk Lo:i
o`gr~ gS] ftls fuEu :iksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;gk¡ ds rht&R;kSgkj ,oa fookg ds bldk Lo:i xzkeh.k vapy ls ysdj
volj ij efgykvksa ds u[k&f'k[k kÜ xa` kj uxjksa ds lH; lekt rd foLrkfjr gSA
yksd&laLÑfr dks ifjyf{kr djrs gSaA
jktLFkku dk bfrgkl Hkh yksd laLÑfr
yksd laLÑfr esa vkn'kZ ,oa uSfrd dh dhfrZ dFkkvksa dk c[kku djrk gSA
ewY;ksa rFkk ijaijkvksa dk lEiqV gS] yksd laLÑfr euq"; ds tUe ls ysdj
tks u;h ih<+h dks f'k{kk nsrk gSA e`R;q rd ds laLdkjksa esa n`f"Vxr gksrh gSA
jktLFkku dh
yksd laLÑfr dk Lo:i yksd ukV~;ksa] yksd laLÑfr mRlo&esys] ozr&R;ksgkj jktLFkkuh
yksd xhrksa] yksd xkFkkvksa esa lfn;ksa yksd thou ds vVwV vax gSA
dh fojklr dks lesVs gq, gSaA nsoh&nsorkvksa esa vVwV fo'okl ;gk¡
ds yksd lekt dh fo'ks"krk gSA
;gk¡ ds rht&R;kSgkj] rhFkZ] jhfr&fjokt]
yksd thou dh vufxur vuqHkwfr;ksa
lkekftd ikfjokfjd lacaèk o esyksa esa
dk mnkÙk Lo:i gh yksd laLÑfr gSA
yksd&laLÑfr ds Li"Vr% n'kZu gksrs gSaA
zzjktLFkkuh vapy dh lkaLÑfrd ijaijk,¡ tSls yksd dgkorsa] yksddFkk,¡] yksdxhr rFkk yksd nsoh&nsork tSlh èkjksgj
dks tutkfr lekt us vkt Hkh latks, j[kk gSA
zzlkfgR; esa yksd lkfgR; viuk egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gSA yksd lkfgR; ds varxZr yksdxhrksa dk fof'k"V LFkku gksrk
gSA jktLFkku ds yksdxhr gS& ?kwej] èkwey] xksgkM+h rFkk catkjh vkfnA yksdxhrksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaA
yksd xhrksa ds ekè;e ls tgk¡ R;kSgkjksa yksd xhr fo'okl ,oa vkLFkk;qDr
,oa ioks± ls tqM+h dFkkvksa dh vfHkO;fDr ?kVukvksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa] ftuds
gksrh gS] ogha bu xhrksa dks xkus ,oa lquus }kjk ;s bfrgkl ,oa feFkd dk Lej.k
okyksa dk eu vkuan ls >we mBrk gSA djkrs jgrs gSaA
bu xkuksa dk dksbZ LFkku o le; fuf'pr yksd xhrksa esa fo"k;

dh fofoèkrk gksrh gSA
ugha gksrk gSA bu xkuksa dks ?kj esa] ioZ&mRlo]
esa pkSxkuksa esa] [kfygkuksa esa] lkekftd ,oa yksd xhrksa dh ;s yksd xhr tuekul dh
ikfjokfjd lekjksgks esa] etnwjh djrs le; fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkk"kk ,oa laLÑfr gSA
rFkk pyrs&fiQjrs rFkk fcuk fn[kkos ds xk;s
,oa lqus tkrs gSaA yksd xhr leqnk; dh èkjksgj gSA
;s ih<+h&nj&ih<+h viuk;s tkrs gSaA
;fn yksd thou ls yksd xhr ,oa yksd
u`R;ksa dks fudky fn;k tk, rks xzeh.k ckgqY; jktLFkkuh lekt dh vkRek yksd
lekt fo'ks"k :i ls vkfnoklh lekt dk xhrksa dh èkqu esa xquxqukrh jgrh gSA
thou uhjLkrk dh vksj vxzlj gksus yxsxkA

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zzjktLFkku esa ijokM+k vFkkZr~ yksd dFkk] yksd lkfgR; dh ekSf[kd fo|k gSA bu ijokM+ks (yksd dFkkvksa) dh ljyrk]
laxhrkRedrk] vkd"kZdrk ,oa lthork fo'ks"k mYys[kuh; gSA tSls ikcw th jkBksM+ ds ijokM+s] dj.khekrk ds ijokM+s]
nsoukjk;.k ds ijokM++s] vkoM+ekrk ds ijokM+s] th.kekrk ds ijokM+s] rstkth ds ijokM+s] ghj&jka>k ds ijokM+s] gM+cw th
lka[kyk ,oa esgkth ekaxfy;k ds ijokM+s vkfnA
ikcwth ds ijokM+kas esa Hkkjrh; fganw
ijokM+kas esa fdlh&u&fdlh ohj yksd
thou ,oa jktLFkkuh jktiwr
ohj@O;fDr dk pfj=k gksrk gSA
thou nksuksa dk fp=k.k feyrk gSA
bu ijokM+ksa esa jktLFkkuh
laLÑfr ds fnXn'kZu gksrs gSa
tS l s & thou la ? k"kZ es a
fo'okl] drZ O ;ijk.krk] jktLFkku esa ijokM+as yksd ohjksa dk dhfrZeku
ohjrk] fL=k;ksa dh j{kk] vFkkZ
r ~ yks
d dFkk,¡ gh ijokM+s gksrs gSaA
'kj.kkxr oRlyrk] R;kx
rFkk opuc¼rk vkfnA
bu ijokM+ksa dh dFkk oLrq Hkys gh iw.kZr%

,sfrgkfld u gks] ij dFkkoLrq dk fcanq
vo'; ,sfrgkfld gksrk gSA
zzHkkjrh; laLÑfr dh iqjkru ,oa vèkqukru ekU;rkvksa dh lqanj vfHkO;fDr ;fn ,d lkFk ns[kuh gS rks blds fy;s gesa
jktLFkku ds yksd lkfgR; dks ns[kuk gksxk D;ksafd yksd lkfgR; esa laLÑfr dh tks èkkjk cgha gS] og v{kq..k ,oa
loZdkfyd gS rFkk bl lkfgR; esa tu&thou dk ,slk niZ.k gS] ftlls vui<+ ,oa xzkeh.k yksxksa dh var'psruk rFkk
Hkkoukvksa vkSj lq[k&nq%[k Hkjh eukso`fÙk;ksa dk izfriQyu gksrk gSA jktLFkkuh lkfgR; us Hkkjrh; uotkxj.k laxzke dks
Hkh ÅtkZ ,oa LiQwfrZ iznku dhA
zzjktLFkku ds yksd laxhr dk egÙoiw.kZ igyw tSlyesj ds yaxk yksxksa ds vè;;u ls mifLFkr gksrk gSA ;s ,d fo'ks"k
'kSyh esa xkrs gSa rFkk mudh lkjaxh Hkh fof'k"V gksrh gSA 'kgjhdj.k ds izHkko ls bl yksd laLÑfr ds laj{k.k dh
vko';drk gSA
zzjktLFkku esa ¶[;ky¸ yksd euksjatu dk egÙoiw.kZ lkèku gS] ftlesa g”kkjksa xzkeh.k yksxksa dks eqÝr mRlo eukus dk
volj izkIr gksrk gSA blesa u`R; ukfVdk,¡ rFkk laxhre; yksd ukfVdk,¡ nksuksa gh lfEefyr gksrh gSA bu u`R; ukfVdkvksa
rFkk yksd&ukVdksa esa 400 o"kks± ls Hkh iqjkuh lkaLÑfrd ,oa lkekftd ijaijk,¡ lqjf{kr gSaA [;kyksa esa eap] n'kZd ,oa
vfHku; 'kSyh ds vuqlkj viuh fof'k"V ijaijk,¡ fodflr gSA
zzjktLFkku esa yksdukVdksa ds fodkl esa dBiqryh dyk dk fo'ks"k egÙo gS ,oa ;gk¡ ij bl dyk 'kSyh dh xkSjo'kkyh
ijaijk jgh gSA dBiqryh dyk ds egÙoiw.kZ fcanq fuEufyf[kr gSA
dBiqryh izn'kZu u`R;] xk;u vkSj vfHku; dk lefUor Lo:i gSA
dBiqryh ukV~; esa ,dkdh ukVd ds lHkh rÙo ekStwn gksrs gSaA
jktLFkkuh dBiqryh ukVd euksjatu dk lLrk lkèku gSA
bldk izn'kZu djus okys dykdkj ukxkSj ftys ds dqpkeu] MhMokuk] ijcrlj vkfn LFkkuksa ls vkrs gSa rFkk ;s
lHkh HkkV dgykrs gSaA
mn;iqj esa dBiqryh dk laxzgky; n'kZuh; gSaA
mn;iqj ds Hkkjrh; yksd dyk eaMy us dBiqryh izFkk ds izn'kZu ds {ks=k esa [kwc uke dek;kA

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zzjktLFkku yksd u`R;ksa esa Hkh le`¼ gSA fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ds yksd u`R; gekjh lkaLÑfrd ijaijkvksa dks vfHkO;fDr nsrs
gSa rFkk lkFk gh lkekftd caèku ,oa vuq'kklu ds laLdkj nsrs gSaA yksdfiz; u`R;ksa esa ^?kwej u`R;* jktLFkku dk izrhd
cudj mHkjk gSA bl u`R; esa ckj&ckj ?kweus ds lkFk gkFkksa dk ypdnkj lapkyu izHkkodkjh gksrk gSA ?kwej ekaxfyd
voljksa] ioks± vkfn ij efgykvksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk ,d izfl¼ u`R; gSA ygaxs dk ?ksj tks o`Ùkkdkj :i esa iQSyrk
gS] ogha ?kwej dk izeq[k izsj.kk lzksr gSA
zzfofoèkrk esa ,drk ,oa leUo; dh Hkkouk jktLFkku dh fojklr gSaA ;gk¡ dk lkaLÑfrd oSHko vfèkdrj leUo;
,oa Hkkbpkjs dk izrhd jgk gSA vksfl;k¡ ds eafnjksa ds losZ{k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd fdl izdkj 8oha ls 10oha lnh
rd xqtjZ izfrgkjksa ds laj{k.k esa 'kSo] 'kkDr] oS".ko ,oa tSu èkeZ ,drk dh Mksj esa fijk;s x,A lwiQh larksa us Hkh
fganw&eqfLye ijaijk dk ,sD; LFkkfir djus dh dksf'k'k Hkh dhA tSu èkeZ ,oa lwiQh er }kjk jktLFkku esa ekuoh;
laosnuk dks cuk, j[kus esa lg;ksx fn;k x;kA
zzjktLFkkuh Hkk"kk jktLFkkuh laLÑfr dk fgLlk gSA fxz;lZu us jktLFkkuh dks og Hkk"kk dgk gS tks jktiwrkuk esa cksyh tkrh
gSA jktLFkku dh fofoèkrk dks ;gk¡ dh Hkk"kk ,oa cksfy;ksa ds forj.k esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tSls <w¡<+kM+h] 'ks[kkokVh]
gkMkSrh] ckxM+h] czt] ekjokM+h vkfn cksfy;k¡A
zzlaLÑfr dksbZ tM+ voèkkj.kk ugha gksrhA og ifjos'k ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls izHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrhA vU; Hkkjrh;
izns'kksa dh Hkk¡fr jktLFkkuh laLÑfr Hkh vkèkqfudrk ls izHkkfor gqbZ gSA jktLFkku esa tgk¡ yksxksa dh lksp ,oa 'kSyh esa
ifjorZu gqvk gS ogha f'k{kk dk izpkj&izlkj Hkh gqvk gSA lkFk gh] vusd :f<+;k¡ ,oa ijaijk,¡ Hkh f'kfFky gqbZ gSA
zzjktLFkku dh laLÑfr dks latks;s j[kus okys izeq[k lkaLÑfrd laLFkkuksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSA
jktLFkku izkP; fo|k izfr"Bku] tksèkiqj
jktLFkku laxhr laLFkku] t;iqj
jktLFkku fganh xzaFk vdkneh] t;iqj
jktLFkku jkT; vfHkys[kkxkj] chdkusj
jktLFkku Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr vdkneh] chdkusj
jktLFkku yfyr dyk vdkneh] t;iqj
jktLFkku Ldwy vkWiQ vkVZ ,aM ØkÝV~l] t;iqj
jktLFkku laLÑr vdkneh] t;iqj
:ik;u laLFkku] tksèkiqj
if'pe {ks=k lkaLÑfrd dsanz] mn;iqj
tokgj dyk dsanz] t;iqj
jktLFkku cztHkk"kk vdkneh] t;iqj
jktLFkku dh ijaijk ,oa fojklr (Tradition and Heritage of Rajasthan)

jktLFkku esa fHkUu&fHkUu èkeZ&tkfr&laLÑfr;ksa ds yksx fuokl djrs gSaA lHkh ds vius&vius jhfr&fjokt] os'k&Hkw"kk]
[kku&iku o jgu&lgu ds :i esa vyx&vyx izdkj dh ijaijk,¡ gSa tks vkt Hkh fojklrLo:i fo|eku gSaA jktLFkku
dh laLÑfr esa vR;fèkd fofHkUurk gSA blds ekè;e ls ge ;gk¡ ds thou dks djhc ls le> ldrs gSa ftldh laf{kIr
fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSaµ
1. nku&iq.; dh izo`fÙk 4. dfBu ifjJeh 6. euksjatu dh izo`fÙk
2. R;kx dh Hkkouk 5. dykvksa ds egÙo dks Lohdkj 7. izxfr'khy izo`fÙk
3. O;kikjh izo`fÙk djuk 8. lg;ksxkRed O;ogkj

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zzjktLFkku esa dbZ izdkj ds jhfr&fjokt o izFkk,¡ izpfyr jgh gSa ftuls ;gk¡ dh laLÑfr le`¼ curh gSA ;gk¡ dh
laLÑfr esa lekfgr jhfr&fjokt vR;ar ljy o lknk gSaA ;s fdlh oxZ fo'ks"k ds u gksdj turk ds gSa vkSj blesa g"kZ
vkSj fo"kkn nksuksa dk lekxe gSA bu jhfr&fjoktksa esa vPNkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk dqN cqjkb;k¡ Hkh ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA lkFk
gh bu jhfr&fjoktksa esa fofoèkrk Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSA
zz,d vU; fo'ks"krk bu jhfr&fjoktksa dh gS vkSj og ;g fd ;s cPpksa ds tUe ds lkFk izkjaHk gksdj ,d ih<+h ls
nwljh ih<+h esa gLrkarfjr gksrs gSaA ;s izpfyr jhfr&fjokt bl izdkj gSaµ
miu;u laLdkj% ;g ckSf¼d mRFkku ls lacafèkr gSA blesa fo|k izkfIr gsrq cPps dks ckgj xq# ds ikl Hkstk tkrk
gSA
tyok iwtu (iu?kV iwtu) % ;g ,d lkaLÑfrd èkkfeZd vuq"Bku gS ftlesa iq=k tUe ds 10 fnu ckn 'kqHk
eqgwrZ esa fuèkkZfjr frfFk dks efgyk,¡ cPpk dks ikjaifjd os'kHkw"kk esa xkts&ckts ds lkFk dq,¡ ij ys tkrh gS rFkk
dq,¡ dh Hkk¡fr ifjokj Hkh Hkjk iwjk jgus dh dkeuk ds lkFk dq,¡ dk iwtu djrh gSA
eqaMu >Mwyk laLdkj% tUe ds nks&rhu o"kZ ds ckn cPps ds cky mrjok, tkrs gSa (f'k[kk dks NksM+dj)A ;g
dk;Z dq,¡ ;k dqy nsoh ds le{k djok;k tkrk gSA
xksn&HkjkbZ% fookg ls iwoZ lacaèk r; gks tkus ij oj dh vksj ls oèkw&i{k dks diM+s] vkHkw"k.k] feBkb;k¡ bR;kfn
nh tkrh gSaA ;g xksn&HkjkbZ dh jLe dgykrh gSA
yXu if=kdk% lxkbZ ds i'pkr~ T;ksfr"kh vFkok iqjksfgr }kjk fookg gsrq frfFk fuf'pr djus ds i'pkr ,d dkxt
ij frfFk fy[kokdj oj ds firk dks HkstukA
dqe&dqe i=kh% fookg vkea=k.k gsrq lxs&lacafèk;ksa dks ;g Hksth tkrh gSA jaxhu ;k lksus&pk¡nh ds NhVsa yxs gq,
dkxt ij fy[kh fpV~Bh dks gh dqe&dqe i=kh dgrs gSaA
bdrkbZ% oj dh iks'kkd cukus gsrq nthZ }kjk 'kqHk eqgwrZ ns[kdj uki ysukA
gynk;r dh iwtk% x.ks'k iwtu dj] oj vkSj oèkw dks iwoZ dh vksj eq[k djds ikV ij cSBkdj ?kh fiykus
dh jLeA
rsy p<+kuk% fookg ls iwoZ oj&oèkw dks rsy yxkukA
x.kifr iwtu% fookg ds fnu oj&oèkw ds ?kj iwtu dh jLeA
canksyh% fookg ls igys oj&oèkw dh vkjrh mrkjukA
dkad.k caèku% canksyh ds fnu gh nkfgus gkFk ij ck¡èkk tkus okyk MksjkA
jrtxk% fookg&iwoZ dh jkf=k dks oj&oèkw dh eaxy dkeuk gsrq xk, tkus okys xhrA
jksM+h (?kwjk) iwtu% cjkr jokuk gksus ls iwoZ jksM+h (dwM+k&dpjk) dk iwtu djuk rkfd oj&oèkw nksuksa èkwi] o"kkZ]
lnhZ] xehZ vkfn ds leku lgu'khy cusaA
cÙkhlh uwruk (Hkkr uwruk)% oèkw o oj dh ek¡ }kjk vius ihgj okyksa dks fookg gsrq fuea=k.k nsukA
ek;jk (Hkkr Hkjuk)% ufugky&i{k }kjk oj&oèkw ds ekrk&firk dks nh xbZ vkfFkZd lgk;rkA
oSokfgd Luku% fookg&iwoZ oj&oèkw dks ea=kksPpkj ds lkFk djk;k x;k LukuA
ewB HkjkbZ% cjkfr;ksa ds eè; oj dks cSBkdj mldh eqV~Bh esa fn;s tkus okys dynkj flDds dh jLeA
cjh iM+yk (oL=k ifjèkku)% cjkr ds lkFk] oj ds ?kj ls oèkw ds fy;s Hkstk tkus okyk lkeku (oL=k&vkHkw"k.k)
A cjh ls rkRi;Z oL=k o iM+ys ls rkRi;Z vU; lkexzh] ;g tksèkiqj esa izfl¼ gSA
oj ;k=kk% oj dh ekrk }kjk ?kksM+h iwtu dj mls dqN nwj rd nqYgu ykus ds fy;s fonk djukA
eèkqidZ (lesyk)% oj ds oèkw ds ?kj igq¡pus ij o|w ds firk }kjk vius lxs lacafèk;ksa ds lkFk oj&i{k dk
Lokxr djukA
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dy'k canu@rksj.k% oèkw ds ?kj ij igq¡pus ij oj }kjk eq[; }kj ij ?kksM+s ij p<+k&p<+k gh uhe dh Mkyh
ekjrk gSA
ikf.kxzg.k% oj }kjk e;kZnk LohdkjksfDr ds ckn dU;k dk gkFk (ikf.k) oj ds gkFk esa lkSaik tkrk gSA ;g fØ;k
gkFk ls gkFk feykus tSlh gksrh gSA
eaMi p¡ojh% fookg LFky ij ck¡lksa dk cuk;k tkus okyk eaMiA
gFkysok% oj&oèkw dks ekek ds ?kj ys tkdj oj&oèkw ds gkFkksa esa esg¡nh j[kdj gkFk tksM+s tkrs gSaA ;g gFkysok
tksM+uk dgykrk gSA
dU;knku% oèkw ds firk }kjk gFkysok NksM+rs le; dU;knku fd;k tkrk gSA
dU;koy% oèkw ds ?kj okyksa dk fookg ds fnu miokl] tks oèkw dk eq[k ns[kus ds ckn rksM+k tkrk gSA
ek;k dh xsg% fookg osfndk ls mBus ds ckn oj o oèkw }kjk ek;k (nsoh) dh xksn esa flj >qdkus dh izFkkA
tsouokj Hkkst% ,d izdkj dk Hkkst tks oèkw ds ?kj oj i{k dks igys izk;% pkj ckj fn;k tkrk FkkA
c<+kj% dU;k i{k }kjk fookg ds nwljs fnu lacafèk;ksa dks fn;k tkus okyk HkkstA
[kksfM;k@VwaVk ukp% nwYgs ds ?kj fookg okyh jkr dks efgykvksa }kjk fuHkkbZ tkus okyh jLeA
tqvk&tqbZ% nksigj esa (fookg ds vxys fnu) Hkkstu ds i'pkr~ gksus okyk ,d [ksyA
igjko.kh ;k jaxcjh% cjkr fcnk djrs le; izR;sd ckjkrh rFkk oj&oèkq dsk ;Fkk'kfDr&èku o migkjkfn fn;s
tkrs gSa] ftls igjko.kh dgk tkrk gSA
fonkbZ% fookg ds vxys fnu oèkw dh fonkbZA
iwa[kuk ;k ij[kuk% oj&oèkw dh ijh{kk tks fookg ds i'pkr~ ,d&nwljs ds ?kj ij laiUu gksrh gSA
xkSuk% ukckfyx oèkw dks fookg ds nks&rhu o"kZ ds i'pkr~ llqjky Hkstus dh jLeA
eqdykok% fookg ds i'pkr~ nkekn dk llqjky vkukA
ikuhikM+k% fdlh dh e`R;q gksus ij ml LFkku ij tkuk ikuhikM+k dgykrk gSA
ekSlj% e`R;q ds 12osa fnu xk¡o okyksa dks fn;k tkus okyk HkkstA
os'k&Hkw"kk (Costume)
jktLFkku esa ftl izdkj lHkh {ks=kksa esa fofoèkrk gS] mlh izdkj gj oxZ&tkfr esa os'k&Hkw"kk esa Hkh fofHkUurk ns[kus dks
feryh gS] tks bl izdkj gS&
jktLFkku esa iq#"k os'kHkw"kk
vaxj[kh@vaxj[kk@cqxrjh 'kjhj ds Åijh Hkkx esa iguk tkus okyk oL=k] ftls ^cqxrjh* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
czhpsl@fcjtl pwM+hnkj ik;tkesa ds LFkku ij dke esa fy;k tkus okyk oL=kA
vkrelq[k ;g izk;% rst lnhZ esa vks<+k ;k iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bldh rqyuk d'ehjh ^fiQju*
ls dh tk ldrh gSA
vpdu ;g vaxj[kh dk gh mÙkj :i gSA
ixM+h@ikx@isapk@ckxk@lksiQk bls izfr"Bk dk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA ;g flj dks <+dus gsrq iguk tkus okyk oL=k
gSA lkekU;r% Jko.k esa ygfj;k dh ixM+h] fookgksRlo ij eksBM+s dh ixM+h] n'kgjs
ij eghy ,oa gkyh ij iQwy iÙkh dh NikbZ okyh ixM+h iguh tkrh gSA lkiQs dks
izk;% fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa bu ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS tSls&
pqxk ;k pksxk vaxj[kh ds Åij igus tkus okyk oL=kA
109
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eNsoM+k lnhZ ls cpko ds fy;s pn~njuqek (jst dk cuk) 'kjhj ds Åij Mkyk tkus okyk oL=kA
dej can@eVdk tkek ;k vaxj[kh ds Åij dej ij ckaèkk tkus okyk oL=k] ftlesa ryokj ;k dVkj
[kqlh gksrh FkhA q
ik;tkek vaxj[kh] pqxk ,oa tkes ds uhps dej ,oa iSjksa esa iguk tkus okyk oL=kA
tkek 'kjhj ds Åijh Hkkx esa iguk tkus okyk oL=kA blesa Åijh pksyh gksrh gS rFkk uhps
?ksj tks ?kqVus rd vkrk FkkA
èkksrh iq#"kksa }kjk dej ij iguk tkus okyk oL=kA ;g lkèkkj.kr% 'osr jax dh gksrh gSA
èkwèkh Åu dk cuk oL=k tks lnhZ ;k o"kkZ ls cpko ds fy;s vks<+k ;k iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
zziq#"kksa }kjk igus tkus okys vkHkw"k.k bl izdkj gS& Nkys] ykSax] dkuksa dh eqjkfd;k] NSydM+h vkfnA
zzgkFkksa esa cktw can] xys esa cysoM+k] gkFk esa dM+k rFkk Å¡xfy;ksa esa v¡xwBh vkfnA
jktLFkku esa fL=k;ksa dh os'kHkw"kk

vks<+uh@ywxM+h@lkM+h dqrhZ rFkk dk¡pyh ,oa ?kk?kjs ds Åij 'kjhj ij iguk tkus okyk oL=kA iksepk l|% izLkwrk }kjk
iguk tkrk gSA iksepk] ygfj;k] eksBM+k] pqujh rFkk èkud vkfn dqN fof'k"V yksdfiz; vks<+fu;k¡
gSaA ygfj;s dh èkkfj;k¡ tc ,d&nwljs dks dkVrh gqbZ cukbZ tkrh gS rks ;g êkSBM+k* dgykrk
gSA tkscusj dh îQwy dh lkM+h* rFkk lokbZekèkksiqj ds iDds dkys jax ds nqiV~Vksa ij Nkis dh
^lwaB dh lkfM+;k¡* izfl¼ gSA
?kk?kjk dej ds uhps ,M+h rd iguk tkus okyk ?ksjnkj oL=k] tks dbZ dfy;ksa dks tksM+dj cuk;k tkrk gSA
dqrhZ vkSj dk¡pyh 'kjhj ds Åijh fgLls esa iguk tkus okyk oL=kA
frydk eqfLye vkSjrksa dk igukokA
zzjktLFkku esa lkfM+;ksa ds dbZ uke izpfyr gS tSls& phj] iVksjh] vks<+uh] fupksy] pksy] nqdwy] iV] pqanM+h vkfnA
pqanM+h vkSj ygfj;k rks jktLFkku dh [kkl lkfM+;k¡ gS vkSj vkt Hkh yksdfiz; gSA
zzflj ij vks<+us okys ikjaifjd oL=k gSa& iVksyk] iksepk] pwuM+h] ywxM+sA iksepk izk;% nks izdkj dk gksrk gS ,d rks uotkr
iq=k ds tUe ds le; îhyk iksepk* ekr` i{k ls vkrk gS ogha nwljk& iq=kh ds tUe ds le; ^xqykch iksepk* vkrk gSA
zzHkkuth ds fookg ds le; ekek }kjk nh tkus okyh vks<+uh dks êkeM+@ekek pwuM+h* dgk tkrk gSA
jktLFkku esa vkfnoklh iq#"kksa ds oL=k
<sikM+k vkfnoklh iq#"kksa }kjk iguh tkus okyh rax èkksrhA buds }kjk ixM+h dh txg flj ij ckaèks tkus okyk eksVk oL=k
îksfr;k* dgykrk gS rFkk dej ij ckaèkus okyh yaxksVh dks ^[kks;r~* dgk tkrk gSA
vaxksNk bls iq#"k flj ij ckaèkrs gSAa ôsQjh Hkkr dk vaxksNk* cgqr yksdfiz; gSA
iaNk lgfj;k vkfnoklh iq#"kksa dh èkksrhA budh vaxj[kh ^lywdk* dgykrh gS rFkk lkiQk dks ^[kiVk* dgk tkrk gSA
vaxj[kk 'kjhj (cnu) ij iq#"kksa }kjk iguk tkus okyk dkys jax dk vaxoL=k] ftl ij liQsn èkkxs ls d<+kbZ dh tkrh gSA
jktLFkku esa vkfnoklh fL=k;ksa ds oL=k

rkjk Hkk¡r dh vks<+uh ;g vkfnoklh fL=k;ksa dh yksdfiz; vks<+uh gSaA blesa tehu Hkwjh yky ,oa fdukjksa dk Nksj
dkyk "kV~dks.kh; vkÑfr okyk rkjksa tSlk gksrk gSA
Tokj Hkk¡r dh vks<+uh ;g vks<+uh lHkh efgykvksa esa yksdfiz; gSA blesa liQsn jax dh NksVh&NksVh fcanh okyh ”kehu
rFkk yky&dkys jax dh csy&cwfV;k¡ gksrh gSA
110
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dVdh ;g vfookfgr ;qofr;ksa ,oa ckfydkvksa dh vks<+uh gSA bldh tehu yky ,oa dkys rFkk
liQsn jax dh cwfV;k¡ gksrh gSA bl vyadj.k dks ikoyh ,oa vks<+uh dks îkoyh Hkk¡r dh
vks<+uh* dgk tkrk gSA
ygj Hkk¡r dh vks<+uh bl izdkj dh vks<+uh esa Tokj&Hkkar tSlh fcafn;ksa ls ygfj;k cuk gksrk gSA
ywxM+k bls vaxksNk lkM+h Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g fookfgr fL=k;ksa dk igukok gSA blesa liQsn ”kehu
ij yky cwVs Nis gksrs gSaA
dsjh Hkk¡r dh vks<+uh ;g vkfnoklh efgykvksa esa izpfyr gSaA bldh ”kehu yky jax dh rFkk fcafn;k¡ liQsn ,oa
Ikhys jax dh gksrh gSA bldh fdukjh ,oa iYyw esa dsjh rFkk ”kehu esa Tokj Hkkar tSlh fcafn;k¡
gksrh gSA
tkelkbZ lkM+h fookg ds le; iguk tkus okyk oL=k] ftlesa yky ”kehu ij iQwy ifÙk;ksa ;qDr csy
gksrh gSA
nkeM+h ;g ekjokM+ {ks=k dh efgykvksa }kjk iz;qDr yky jax dh vks<+uh gksrh gSA blesa èkkxksa ls
dlhnkdkjh gksrh gSA
dNkow vkfnoklh efgykvksa }kjk iz;ksx fd;k tkus okyk ?kqVuksa rd dk ?kk?kjkA
jsulkbZ ;g yg¡xs dh gh NhaV gS] ftlesa dkys jax dh ”kehu ij yky ,oa Hkwjs jax dh cwfV;k¡ cuh
gksrh gSA
islokt ;g Åij ls uhps rd 'kjhj dsk <¡drh gqbZ efgykvksa dh iw.kZ iks'kkd gksrh gSA
iQwnM+h vkfnoklh efgykvksa dk oL=k ftlesa rkjkHkkr dk vyadj.k gksrk gSA
pwuM Hkhy fL=k;ksa dh pwuM+] blesa liQsn fcafn;k ,oa ”kehu dk jax dRFkbZ yky jax dk gksrk gSA
ixfM+;k¡
jktLFkku esa R;kSgkjksa] mRlokas ,oa Írqvksa ds vuqlkj fofHkUu izdkj dh ixfM+;k¡ èkkj.k dh tkrh gSA ixM+h dks xkSjo
,oa izfr"Bk dk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA bldks pedhyh cukus gsrq rqjsZ] ckyk&canh] ljisp] iNsoM+h] èkqxèkqxh] xkslisp]
yVdu vkfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& vej'kkgh] [katj'kkgh] vViVh] f'kolkgh] 'kkgtgkuh] fot;'kkgh rFkk
mns'kkgh vkfn fofHkUu ixfM+;ksa ds uke gSA
zzygfj;s dh ixM+h % ;g fo'ks"k rkSj ls rht ij iguh tkrh gSA
zzeksBM+s dh ixM+h % ;g fookgksRlo ij igus tkus okyh ixM+h gSA
zzenhy % ;g n'kgjs ds volj ij ckaèkh tkus okyh ixM+h gSA
zzjkt'kkgh ixM+h % ;g t;iqj esa izpfyr ,d [kkl izdkj dh ixM+h gS ftlesa yky jax ds ygfj;s cus gksrs gSA
laHkor% ;g igys dsoy jktkvksa ds fy;s gh curh FkhA
zzesokM+ esa fofHkUu izdkj dh ixfM+;ksa dk izpyu
Lo:i'kkgh ixM+h % egkjk.kk Lo:i flag ds le; esa izpfyrA
mn;'kkgh ixM+h % egkjk.kk mn;flag ds le; esa izpfyrA
Hkhe'kkgh ixM+h % egkjk.kk Hkhe flag ds le; esa izpfyrA
vej'kkgh ixM+h % egkjk.kk vej flag f}rh; ds dky esa izpfyrA
vjlh'kkgh ixM+h % egkjk.kk vfj flag ds le; esa izpfyrA
111
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jktLFkku dk bfrgkl] dyk] laLÑfr] ijaijk ,oa fojklr (Hkkx&2)
vè;k;&5
^jktLFkku ds /kkfeZd vkanksyu] yksd nsork ,oa ize[q k lar * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanv
q ks@a 'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
jktLFkku ds èkeZ ,oa laiznk;

fu"dyad laiznk;
zzekoth }kjk izfrikfnr laiznk; dks ^fu"dyad laiznk;* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
zzbl laiznk; dk mn~ns'; ekuo tkfr ds ikideks± rFkk nqjkpj.k ls mn~Hkfor dyad dks èkksdj fu"dyad rFkk iki
jfgr lekt dh LFkkiuk djuk gSA
zz;g laiznk; fu"dyad lekt gsrq Hkxoku dh HkfDr djuk] e|&ek¡l dk ifjR;kx djuk] lekt esa O;kIr leLr
dqjhfr;ksa dks feVkuk] vNwrksa] ifrrksa ,oa Hkhyksa dk m¼kj djuk] lknk thou fcrkuk] dU;k&foØ; dk fojksèk rFkk
lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks tkxzr djus ij cy nsrk gSA
lar jkuk ckbZ
zzbudk tUe 1504 bZ- esa ekjokM+ ds gjukaok xk¡o (edjkuk ds ikl) esa oS'kk[k 'kqDy r`rh;k dks gqvk FkkA
zzjkuk ckbZ ikyM+h ds lar prqjnkl dh f'k";k ,oa Ñ".k HkfDr dh lar ukjh FkhA
zz1570 bZ- esa bUgksaus gjukaok xk¡o esa iQkYxqu 'kqDy =k;ksn'kh dks thfor lekfèk yh rFkk ckn esa budh dPph lekfèk
cuokbZ xbZ] tgk¡ izfro"kZ Hkknzin 'kqDy =k;ksn'kh dks fo'kky esyk vk;ksftr gksrk gSA
vr% jktLFkku esa tUesa bu larksa us ;gk¡ ds tuekul dks vkè;kfRed ds lkFk gh èkkfeZd fn'kk Hkh iznku dhA dqN
vU; lar Hkh gq, tks de izfl¼ gq,A ftuesa dqN bl izdkj gSa& jktk ukxjhnkl] HkDr panzl[kh] HkDr f'kjksef.k iQwykckbZ]
Ñ".k HkDr djek ckbZ] ikcwth] rstk th] dYyk th] jkenso th] eYyhukFk th bR;kfnA
vè;k;&6
^jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dh Ïfr;k¡ ,oa {ks=h; cksfy;k¡ * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
ikSjkf.kd vkSj èkkfeZd dkO;
dkO; jpukdkj@dfo dkO; jpukdkj@dfo
gfjpan iqjk.k tka[kks ef.kgkj uhlk.kh foosd okrkZ dslkSnkl xkm.k
lIrlrh jk Nan Jhèkj Nan Jh xksj[kukFk dslkSnkl xkm.k
xq.k Hkkxor gal ckjgV bZljnkl ukx ne.k lka;k th >wyk
xq.k fuaèkkrr% ckjgV bZljnkl gfjjl ckjgV bZljnkl
fozQlu th jh osfy djelh :.kspk
f=kiqj lqanj jh osfy tloar
egknso ikoZrh jh osfy fdlumQ
jktLFkku ds izkphu ,oa eè;dkyhu lkfgR; dh Ñfr;k¡
Ñfr@xzaFk jpukdkj@ys[kd fo'ks"k fooj.k
tksèkiqj egkjktk vHk; flag ,oa xqtjkr ds lwcsnkj ljcqyan [kk¡ ds ;q¼
jkt:id ohjHkk.k
dk o.kZuA
112
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dkUgM+ns izcaèk in~eukHk tkykSj ds 'kkld dkUgM+ns ,oa vykmn~nhu f[kyth ds chp ;q¼ dk o.kZuA
dqoy;ekyk m|ksru lwjh jktLFkku ds lkaLÑfrd thou dk o.kZu] tSu lkfgR; dk izkphu xazFkA
Hkjrs'oj ckgqcyh ?kksj otz lsu lwjh tSu lkfgR; dk izkphure xzaFk (jktLFkku dk lcls iqjkuk xzaFk)
i`Fohjkt jklks pancjnkbZ i`Fohjkt pkSgku ds thou pfj=k ,oa ;q¼ksa dk o.kZu
Hkjrs'oj ckgqcyh jkl 'kkfyHknz lwjh jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dk izFke jkl xzaFk
osfy fØlu&#fDe.kh jh i`Fohjkt jkBkSM+ Ñ".kµ#fDe.kh fookg dh dFkk
nyir fot;
[kqek.k jklks fiaxy Hkk"kk esa esokM+ ds ckok jkoy ls jkt flag rd dk bfrgkl
(nkSyr fot;)
tksèkiqj ds jkBkSM+ oa'k dk izkjaHk ls ysdj vHk; flag ds le; rd dh
lwjtizdk'k dj.khnku
?kVukvksa dk o.kZu
j.kFkaHkkSj 'kkld jko gEehj pkSgku dh oa'kkoyh o vykmn~nhu f[kyth
gEehj jklks tksèkjkt
ls ;q¼ dk o.kZu
gEehj egkdkO; u;upanz lwjh laLÑr Hkk"kk esa j.kFkaHkkSj ds pkSgku 'kkldksa dk o.kZu
gEehj gB panz'ks[kj vU; Ñfrµ lqtZu pfj=k
¯Mxy Hkk"kk dk Ükàxkj jl ls ifjiw.kZ xzaFk ,oa blesa <ksyk o ekjok.kh ds
<ksyk&ek: jk nqgk dfo dYyksy
izse dk o.kZu
fo#¼ Ngrjh dfo nqjlk vk<+k egkjk.kk izrki dh 'kkS;Z xkFkk dk o.kZu] vU; Ñfr ^fdjrkj ckouh*
galkoyh dfo vlkbZr
efyd eqgEen esokM+ 'kkld jkoy jRuflag o vykmn~nhu f[kyth ds eè; ;q¼ dk
in~ekor
tk;lh o.kZu
vthrksn; txthou HkV~V ekjokM+ 'kkld tloar flag o vthr flag ls eqxyksa ds lacaèkksa dk o.kZu
chlynso jklks ujifr ukYg vtesj ds pkSgku jktk chlynso dk o.kZu
i`Fohjkt fot; t;kud pkSgkuksa ds bfrgkl ,oa vtesj ds fodkl ij izdk'k
laxrflag jklks fxjèkj vkfl;k egkjk.kk izrki ds NksVs HkkbZ 'kfDr flag dk o.kZu
eqagrk uS.klh jh [;kr eq¡g.kkSr uS.klh vU; Ñfrµ ekjokM+ jk ijxuk jh foxr
n;kynkl jh [;kr n;kynkl fl<;kp tksèkiqj o chdkusj ds jkBkSM+ksa dk o.kZu
izkphu fyfiekyk ia- xkSjh'kadj vks>k vU; xzaFkµ jktiwrksa dk bfrgkl
ck¡dhnkl jh ckark ck¡dhnkl xgyksr ,oa jkBkSM+ vkfn ds oa'kksa ds bfrgkl dk irk pyrk gS
vdcjukekµvkbZu&,&
vcqy iQ”ky vdcj ds thou&pfj=k dk o.kZu
vdcjh
opfudk jkBkSM+ jruflag
tXxk f[kfM+;k èkjeV ds ;q¼ dk o.kZu
egslnklksr jh
oa'k HkkLdj lw;ZeYy fel.k cw¡nh ds bfrgkl dk o.kZu
ds vkl&ikl dh jktLFkku dh lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd fLFkfr
1000
rkjh[k&my&fgan vyc:uh
dh tkudkjh
psrkouh jk pqxafV;k dsljh flag ckjgB esokM+ ds jktk iQrsg flag dks fnYyh njckj esa tkus ls jksdk

113
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ohj fouksn ';keynkl esokM+ ds fczfV'kdkyhu bfrgkl dk o.kZu
jko tSrlh jks Nan chBw lwtk ckcj ds iq=k dkejku ,oa chdkusj ujs'k jko tSrlh ds eè; ;q¼ dk o.kZu
#De.kh gj.k lk;kath >wyk bZMj ujs'k ds vkfJr dfo] vU; xzaFk&ukxne.k
t;iqj lkfgR; egksRlo (Jaipur Literature Festival)
jktLFkku esa o"kZ 2006 esa ^t;iqj lkfgR; egksRlo* dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA ml le; fdlh us Hkh ;g dYiuk ugha
dh gksxh fd ek=k 5 o"kks± esa ;g egksRlo bruk fojkV :i ys ysxk fd bl egksRlo dks ^n xzsVsLV fyVjsjh 'kks vkWu vFkZ*
dgk tkus yxsxkA gj o"kZ t;iqj esa 21 ls 25 tuojh rd gksus okyk ;g 5 fnolh; lkfgR;d esyk vc fo'o Hkj ds
ys[kdksa] fopkjdksa rFkk dykdkjksa dks vkÑ"V djrk gS rFkk lkfgR; izsfe;ksa dks muls :&c&: gksus dk Hkh volj iznku
djrk gSA bl egksRlo ds vk;kstu esa vusd ukscy] iqfyV~tj rFkk vU; iqjLdkj fotsrk lkfgR;dkjksa ,oa fo[;kr fpardksa
rFkk dykdkjksa dh lgHkkfxrk jgh gSA bl vk;kstu esa izos'k fu%'kqYd gksrk gSA ;g egksRlo jktLFkku esa lkfgfR;d psruk
ds izlkj dh n`f"V ls fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA
zzfot;nku nsFkk% budk tUe jktLFkku esa flracj] 1926 esa gqvk FkkA budh izeq[k jpukvksa esa ckiw ds rhu gR;kjs]
ckrka jh iqQyokjh] vuks[kk isM+] pkSèkjkbu dh prqjkbZ] liufiz;k] esjk nnZ u tkus dksbZ] egkfeyu] fiz;e`.kky vkfn izeq[k
gSA ;s jktLFkkuh ,oa fganh Hkk"kk ds izfl¼ ys[kd jgs gaSA bUgksaus jktLFkku dh yksd dFkkvksa dks igpku vkSj vkèkqfud
Lo:i iznku djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA ;s :ik;.k laLFkku ds lg&laLFkkid FksA budh dgkuh ^pj.knkl&pksj*
dks ukVd ds :i esa :ikarfjr fd;k x;kA bUgsa lkfgR; ,dkneh ,oa ine Jh vokMZ lfgr vusd lEeku izkIr gq,A
vè;k;&7
êgÙoiw.kZ i;ZVu LFky * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
i;ZVdksa ds vkxeu dk Lo:i

jktLFkku dh fofoèkrk gh ;gk¡ i;ZVdksa dks viuh vksj vkd£"kr djrh gSA blh dkj.k ;gk¡ ds i;ZVu foHkkx dk
ewy ea=k îèkkjks Egkjs ns'k* iQyhHkwr gks jgk gSA i;ZVu foHkkx us vc viuk yksxkss ^jktLFkku Hkkjr dk vrqY; jkT;* dj
fn;k gS A ;gk¡ fons'kksa ls vkus okys i;ZVdksa dh la[;k esa fnu&c&fnu o`f¼ gksrh tk jgh gSA Hkkjr esa vkus okyk i;ZVd
jktLFkku esa vius vki gh f[kapk pyk vkrk gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk i;ZVu ea=kky; ds varxZr 2 ubZ ;kstuk,¡ ykxw dh xbZ gSa& (i) Lons'k n'kZu] (ii) izlkn (rhFkZ
LFky th.kksZ¼kj ,oa vkè;kfRed lao¼Zu vfHk;ku)A jktLFkku dk vtesj f”kyk ^çlkn* ;kstuk ds varxZr volajpuk
fodkl gsrq p;fur fd;k x;k gSA
zz,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Hkkjr vkus okyk gj ^rhljk i;ZVd* jktLFkku vo'; vkrk gSA
zzjktLFkku esa fons'kh i;ZVdksa ds vkxeu esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2018 esa] Hkkjr esa fons'kh i;ZVdksa ds vkxeu esa 5.21% dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2018 jktLFkku esa] fons'kh i;ZVdksa dh la[;k esa 8.97% dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2018 jktLFkku esa] Lons'kh i;ZVdksa dh la[;k esa 9.39% dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2018 esa] jktLFkku esa Lons'kh ,oa fons'kh i;ZVd lfgr dqy 519.90 yk[k i;ZVd ;gk¡ ij Hkze.k gsrq vk,A
zz;gk¡ i;ZVdksa dh la[;k esa mÙkjksÙkj c<+ksrjh dks fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh ls le> ldrs gSa&
jktLFkku esa i;ZVdksa dh la[;k (yk[k esa)
o"kZ ns'kh i;ZVd fons'kh i;ZVd o"kZ ns'kh i;ZVd fons'kh i;ZVd
1980 24.50 2.08 2015 351.88 14.75
1990 37.35 4.71 2016 414.95 15.14
114
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2000 73.74 6.23 2017 459.17 16.10
2010 255.44 12.79 2018 502.36 17.54
vè;k;&8
^jktLFkku dk izeq[k O;fDrRo * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
jktLFkku ds ,sfrgkfld O;fDrRo

zzdkyh ckbZ (jkLrkiky dkaM)% xk¡o jkLrkiky] Mw¡xjiqj f”kys dh fuoklh dkyhckbZ (Hkhy dU;k) jkLrkiky dh
ikB'kkyk esa i<+rh FkhA
twu 1947 bZ- esa tc Mw¡xjiqj egkjkoy ds iQjeku ds ckotwn jkLrkiky dh ikB'kkyk can ugha dh xbZ rks iqfyl
lqifjaVsMsaV rFkk eftLVªsV ny ,oa cy lfgr ikB'kkyk dks can djkus igq¡psA
tc iqfyl }kjk ikB'kkyk can dj bldh pkch dks muds lqiqnZ djus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k rks iztkeaMy ds
dk;ZdÙkkZ ukukHkkbZ [kkaV us euk dj fn;kA
bl ij flikfg;ksa }kjk ukukHkkbZ [kkaV dh fiVkbZ dh xbZ rFkk vè;kid lsaxkHkkbZ dks Vªd ls ckaèkdj ?klhVuk 'kq:
dj fn;kA
13 o"khZ; dU;k dkyhckbZ tc vius [ksr ls ?kkl dkVdj ykSV jgh Fkh] mlus tc vius xq: lsaxkHkkbZ dks Vªd
ds ihNs f?klVrs ns[kk] rks og HkhM+ dks phjrh gqbZ Vªd ds ihNs nkSM+ iM+h rFkk fpYykus yxh] êsjs xq#th dks
dgk¡ ys tk jgs gks\
dkyhckbZ us Vªd dks #drs gq, ns[kdj flikfg;ksa dh psrkouh dh ijokg fd;s fcuk njkarh ls vius laxk HkkbZ
dh dej ls ca?kh jLlh dkV nhA
blds ifj.kkeLo:i 18 twu] 1947 dks iqfyl dh xksfy;ksa us dkyhckbZ dks Nyuh dj fn;k vkSj bl izdkj vius
xq# dks cpkus ds iz;kl esa mlus (dkyhckbZ us) 20 twu] 1947 bZ- dks ne rksM+ fn;kA
bldh Le`fr esa jkLrkiky esa ,d Lekjd cuk gqvk gSA
Mw¡xjiqj esa xsi lkxj ds fdukjs ,d ikdZ esa dkyhckbZ dh ewfrZ Hkh yxh gqbZ gSA
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (jktLFkku ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ lfgr) (Hkkx&1)

vè;k;&4
^la?k vkSj mldk jkT; {ks= * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
tEew&d'ehj rFkk yn~nk[k u, dsanz'kkflr izns'k

(Jammu-Kashmir and Laddakh New Union Territories)
31 vDrwcj] 2019 ls tEew&d'ehj jkT; dks tEew&d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k dsanz'kkflr Ikzns'kksa esa vkfèkdkfjd :i ls
foHkkftr dj fn;k x;kA izèkkuea=kh dh vè;{krk esa danzh; eaf=keaMy }kjk lafoèkku vkns'k (tEew&d'ehj esa ykxw) la'kksèku
vkns'k] 2019 [Constitution (Application to Jammu & Kashmir) Amendment Order, 2019] ds ekè;e ls lafoèkku
vkns'k] 1954 (tEew&d'ehj esa ykxw) [Constitution (Application of Jammu & Kashmir Order) 1954] esa la'kksèku
ds lacaèk esa tEew&d'ehj ljdkj ds izLrko dks ea”kwjh nh xbZA
iw.kZ:i ls foHkktu ds fy;s tEew&d'ehj jkT;
641,iqFirst
uxZBFloor,
u vfèkfu;e] 2019
Mukherjee esa ,d
Nagar, o"kZ dh vofèk dk izkoèkku 115
Delhi-09 fd;k
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
x;k gSA gkyk¡fd bl foHkktu ds mijkar tEew&d'ehj jkT; ds nks f”kys dkjfxy ,oa ysg dks yn~nk[k la?k jkT;{ks=k esa
'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tcfd tEew&d'ehj la?k jkT;{ks=k esa ckdh f”kys iwoZor~ gSaA tEew&d'ehj jkT; iquxZBu vfèkfu;e]
2019 ds mijkar tEew&d'ehj dks foèkkulHkk lfgr (fo|eku foèkku ifj"kn lekIr) dsanz'kkflr izns'k tcfd yn~nk[k
dks foèkkulHkk jfgr dsanz'kkflr izns'k ds :i esa xfBr fd;k gSA lkFk gh] nksuksa {ks=kksa esa mijkT;ikyksa dh fu;qfDr Hkh xbZ
gS ftlds rgr fxjh'k pUnz eqewZ dks tEew&d'ehj la?k jkT; {ks=k rFkk vkj-ds- ekFkqj dks yn~nk[k la?k jkT;{ks=k dk
mijkT;iky fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA
izeq[k ifjorZu
zztEew&d'ehj mPp U;k;ky; vc nksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds fy;s la;qDr mPp U;k;ky; ds :i esa dk;Z djsxkA
zznksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa eq[; lfpo] vU; 'kh"kZ ukSdj'kkg] iqfyl izeq[k rFkk izeq[k i;Zos{kd vfèkdkjh fu;qDr
fd;s tk,axsA
zzjkT; ds foèkk;h iquxZBu ds rgr 153 jkT; dkuwuksa dks fujLr fd;k x;k gS rFkk 166 dkuwuksa dks ;Fkkor j[kk x;k gSA
zzjkT; iquxZBu vfèkfu;e esa mYysf[kr lHkh dkuwuksa dks ;Fkkor ykxw dj fn;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; dh vkijkfèkd izfozQ;k lafgrk dks dsanzh; vkijkfèkd izfozQ;k lafgrk }kjk izfrLFkkfir fd;k tk,xkA è;krO; gS
fd CrPC esa la'kksèku jkT; dh vko';drk ds vuq:i fd;k tk,xk] ysfdu bu lHkh igyqvksa ij vafre fu.kZ; dsanz
ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
zziksDlks vfèkfu;e }kjk izfrLFkkfir efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa ds laj{k.k ls lacafèkr dkuwu esa jkT;&fof'k"V eqn~nksa dks
'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzdsanzh; Lrj ij ykxw vkj{k.k ds izkoèkku (77ok¡ ,oa 103ok¡ lafoèkku la'kksèku) nksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa ykxw gksaxsA
(gkyk¡fd jkT; esa fu;a=k.k js[kk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lhek ds fudV jgus okys rFkk fiNM+s {ks=kksa ds ukxfjdksa ds fy;s
{ks=k&okj vkèkkj ij vkj{k.k dk izkoèkku fd;k gS)A
zzljdkj }kjk ,d rhu lnL;h; lykgdkj lfefr (vè;{k& lat; feJk) dk xBu fd;k x;k gS rks jkT; dh laifÙk;ksa
vkSj nsunkfj;ksa dks nks dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds chp foHkkftr djus ds fy;s lq>ko nsxhA
zziquxZBu vkns'k ds ekè;e ls Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa fufgr tEew&d'ehj ds fy;s fo'ks"k izkoèkku (vuqPNsn 35A rFkk
vuqPNsn 370) dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSA
vuqPNsn 370
vuqPNsn 370 dks ,d ^vLFkk;h izkoèkku* ds :i esa 17 vDrwcj] 1949 dks Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa tksM+k x;k Fkk
ftlds rgr tEew&d'ehj jkT; dks NwV nh xbZ Fkh fd og vius lafoèkku dk elkSnk rS;kj dj ldrk gS vkSj jkT; esa
Hkkjrh; laln dh foèkk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks izfrcafèkr dj ldrk gSA vuqPNsn 370 lafoèkku ds izk:i esa ,u- xksikyLokeh
vk;axj }kjk izLrqr fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk blds rgr tEew&d'ehj lafoèkku lHkk dks ;g fliQkfj'k djus dk vfèkdkj Hkh
fn;k x;k Fkk fd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds dkSu ls vuqPNsn jkT; esa ykxw gksus pkfg;saA
vuqPNsn 370 ds rgr eq[; izkoèkku
zzvuqPNsn 370 jkT; dks Lok;Ùkrk iznku djrk Fkk rFkk vius LFkk;h fuokfl;ksa dks dqN fo'ks"kkfèkdkj nsus dh vuqefr
nsrk FkkA
zzjkT; dh lgefr ds fcuk vkarfjd v'kkafr ds vkèkkj ij jkT; esa vkikrdkyhu izkoèkku dk ykxw ugha gksuk] jkT; dk
uke vkSj lhekvksa esa bldh foèkkf;dk dh lgefr ds fcuk ifjorZu ugha gksuk] vyx lafoèkku] èot rFkk vyx naM
lafgrk (j.kchj naM lafgrk)] foèkkulHkk dh vofèk dk N% o"kZ gksuk vkfn izkoèkku Hkh 'kfey FksA
zzHkkjrh; laln dsoy j{kk] fons'k vkSj lapkj ds ekeyksa esa tEew&d'ehj ds lacaèk esa dkuwu ikfjr dj ldrh FkhA
la?k }kjk cuk;k dksbZ vU; dkuwu dsoy jk"Vªifr ds vkns'k ls tEew&d'ehj esa rHkh ykxw gks ldrk Fkk tc jkT;
foèkkulHkk dh lgefr gksA
116
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zz;g rc rd ds fy;s ,d varfje O;oLFkk ekuh xbZ Fkh tc rd fd lHkh fgrèkkjdksa dks 'kkfey djds d'ehj eqn~ns
dk vafre lekèkku gkfly ugha dj fy;k tkrkA
zzjk"Vªifr yksd vfèklwpuk }kjk ?kks"k.kk dj ldrs Fks fd bl vuqPNsn tks rc rd dk;k±for ugha fd;k tk ldsxk tc
rd fd jkT; foèkkulHkk bldh fliQkfj'k ugha dj nsrh gSA [blh 'kfDr dk iz;ksx djrs gq, jk"Vªifr }kjk lafoèkku
(tEew&d'ehj esa ykxw gksus ds fy;s) la'kksèku vkns'k] 2019 dh vfèklwpuk tkjh dh xbZ]
vuqPNsn 35(A)
vuqPNsn 35A, tks fd vuqPNsn 370 dk foLrkj Fkk] jkT; ds LFkk;h fuokfl;ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy;s
tEew&d'ehj jkT; dh foèkkf;dk dks 'kfDr iznku djrk Fkk vkSj mu LFkk;h fuokfl;ksa dks fo'ks"kkfèkdkj iznku djrk Fkk
rFkk jkT; esa vU; jkT;ksa ls fuokfl;ksa dks dk;Z djus ;k laifÙk ds LokfeRo dh vuqefr ugha nsrk FkkA
oLrqr% vuqPNsn 35A dk mn~ns'; tEew&d'ehj dh tulkaf[;dh lajpuk dh j{kk djuk FkkA fdarq vuqPNsn 35A
dh laoSèkkfudrk ij yacs le; ls cgr py jgh Fkh fd bls la'kksèku izfozQ;k ds ekè;e ls ugha tksM+k x;k FkkA
vuqPNsn 370 o 35A ij dsanz dk orZeku fu.kZ;
zzvc vuqPNsn 370 dk dsoy [kaM&1 ykxw jgsxk rFkk 'ks"k [kaM lekIr gks x, gSaA è;ku jgs fd [kaM&1 Hkh jk"Vªifr
}kjk ykxw fd;k x;k rFkk jk"Vªifr }kjk gh bls Hkh gVk;k tk ldrk gSA
zztEew&d'ehj dk fo'ks"kkfèkdkj lekIr] ,dy ukxfjdrk o ,dy èot] vuqPNsn 360 (foÙkh; vkikrdky)] vkjVhvkbZ
o ekuokfèkdkj fu;e ykxw gksaxsA
zzvuqPNsn 35A iw.kZr% lekIrA vc nwljs jkT; ds yksx tEew&d'ehj esa Hkwfe [kjhn ldrs gSaA
zzfoèkkulHkk dk dk;Zdky 5 o"kZ gksxkA
la?k jkT;{ks=kksa dh ç'kklfud O;oLFkkvksa dh rqyuk

la?k jkT;{ks=k dk;Zikfydk foèkkf;dk U;k;ikfydk
vaMeku&fudksckj }hi lewg mijkT;iky vuqifLFkr dydÙkk mPp U;k;ky;
paMhx<+ ç'kkld@eq[; vk;qDr vuqifLFkr iatkc o gfj;k.kk mPp U;k;ky;
y{k}hi ç'kkld vuqifLFkr dsjy mPp U;k;ky;
mijkT;iky] eq[;ea=kh] foèkkulHkk mifLFkr] fdarq
iqnqPpsjh enzkl mPp U;k;ky;
eaf=kifj"kn foèkkuifj"kn vuqifLFkr
mijkT;iky] eq[;ea=kh] foèkkulHkk mifLFkr] fdarq
fnYyh fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;
mijkT;iky] eq[;ea=kh] foèkkulHkk mifLFkr fdarq
tEew&d'ehj tEew&d'ehj mPp U;k;ky;
yn~nk[k mijkT;iky vuqifLFkr tEew&d'ehj mPp U;k;ky;
nknj&ukxj gosyh
iz'kkld vuqifLFkr cacbZ mPp U;k;ky;
vkSj neu&nho
nknjk&ukxj gosyh vkSj neu&nho dk foy;

(Merger of Dadra– Nagar Havelli and Daman–Div)
gkyh gh esa dsanz ljdkj }kjk nknjk ukxj gosyh rFkk neu nho dk foy; djds ,d dsanz'kkflr izns'k cukus ds
fy;s yksdlHkk esa nknjk ukxj gosyh vkSj neu ,oa nho (dsanz 'kkflr izns'kksa dk foy;) foèks;d] 2019 is'k fd;k x;k
gSA foèks;d ls lacafèkr izeq[k fcanq fuEufyf[kr gSa&
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zzbl foèks;d dk mn~ns'; nknjk ukxj gosyh rFkk neu ,oa nho dk vkil esa foy; djds ,d u;k dsanz'kkflr izns'k
cukuk gSA
zzdsanz ljdkj }kjk ;g dne tEew&d'ehj jkT; dk tEew&d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k dks nks dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa foHkktu
fd;s tkus ds rhu eghus ckn mBk;k x;k gSA
zzHkkjr esa 9 dsanz'kkflr izns'k Fks] fdarq vc nknjk ukxj gosyh vkSj neu ,oa nho ds foy; ds ckn budh la[;k
vkB gks xbZ gSA
zz;g foy; 26 tuojh] 2020 ls ykxw gks pqdk gSA
foy; dk mn~ns';
zzdsanz ljdkj ds vuqlkj] neu ,oa nho rFkk nknjk ukxj gosyh ds foy; dk mn~ns'; lsok n{krk esa lqèkkj rFkk
dkx”kh dke dks de djds nksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds ukxfjdksa dks lsokvksa dk csgrj forj.k djuk gSA
zzdsanz ljdkj esa viuh Û;wure ljdkj] vfèkdre 'kklu* dh uhfr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, nksuksa dh NksVh vkcknh
vkSj lhfer HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dks ns[krs gq, vfèkdkfj;ksa dh lsokvksa dk dq'kyrkiwoZd mi;ksx djus ds fy;s nksuksa
dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds foy; dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA
zzbu dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa nks vyx&vyx laoSèkkfud vkSj iz'kklfud O;oLFkk,¡ gksus ls cgqr vfèkd nksgjko] lsok iznku
djus esa v{kerk vkSj èku dk viO;; gksrk gSA
orZeku fLFkfr
zznksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'k xqtjkr ds ikl if'peh rV ij fLFkr gSaA
zznksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds vyx&vyx lfpoky; gSaA
zznknjk&ukxj gosyh esa fliQZ ,d f”kyk gS] tcfd neu ,oa nho esa nks f”kys gSaA
,sfrgkfld fLFkfr
zzbu nksuksa dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ij yacs le; rd iqrZxkfy;ksa dk 'kklu jgkA
zzfnlacj 1961 esa nksuksa dks iqrZxkyh 'kklu ls vk”kknh feyhA
zz1961 ls 1987 rd neu&nho xksok dsanz'kkflr izns'k dk fgLlk Fkk] ijarq 1987 esa tc xksok jkT; cuk rks bls vyx
dsanz'kkflr izns'k cuk fn;k x;kA
vè;k;&5
ûkxfjdrk * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2015 [Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2015]
ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2015 ds ekè;e ls ukxfjdrk lacaèkh dkuwuksa esa çoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds iathdj.k dks
vfèkd ljy (mnkj) cukus ds lkFk muls tqM+s çkoèkkuksa dks ykxw djus esa vk jgh [kkfe;ksa dks gy djus dk ç;kl fd;k
x;k gSA jk"Vªifr }kjk 6 tuojh] 2015 ls ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2015 dks rqjar çHkko ls ykxw dj fn;k x;k]
ftlds rgr ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 esa fuEu la'kksèku fd;s x, gSa&
zzHkkjrh; ukxfjdrk ds fy;s Hkkjr esa yxkrkj ,d o"kZ rd jguk vfuok;Z gS] ysfdu vxj dsanz ljdkj larq"V gS rks
fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa blesa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA bl çdkj dh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mudk fyf[kr fooj.k ntZ djus
ds mijkar fo'ks"k 12 ekg ds fy;s NwV nh tk,xh] tks vfèkdre 30 fnuksa ds fy;s fHkUu&fHkUu varjkyksa esa nh tk,xhA
zzHkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds vks-lh-vkbZ- ukckfyx cPpksa ds izoklh Hkkjrh; ds :i esa iathdj.k dh O;oLFkk dks mnkj cuk;k
tk,xkA
118
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zzHkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds cPpksa] iksrs&iksfr;ksa (Grandchildren) ;k ijiksrs&iksfr;ksa (Great grandchildren) dks izoklh
Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds :i esa iathdj.k dk vfèkdkj gksxkA
zzdqN 'krks± ds lkFk èkkjk&7A (Section-7A) ds rgr iathÑr izoklh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ifr@iRuh ;k fdlh Hkkjrh;
ukxfjd ds ifr@iRuh ds izoklh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds :i esa iathdj.k dh O;oLFkkA
zzvc PIO dkMZ ;kstuk dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj tkjh lHkh PIO dkMks± dks vc OCI dkMZèkkjdksa
dk ntkZ izkIr gks x;kA
vr% ih- vkbZ- vks- dkMZèkkjdksa dks izk;% os lHkh vfèkdkj ns fn;s x, gSa tks vks- lh- vkbZ- dkMZèkkjdksa dks fn;s
tkrs FksA ;s ykHk fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzcgq&mn~ns';h;] thoui;±r ohtk (Multipurpose, multiple-entry lifetime visa) ftlesa ckj&ckj vkus dks vuqefr
'kkfey gSA
zzfdlh Hkh vofèk rd Hkkjr esa izokl djus ij fons'k iathdj.k vfèkdkjh ds ikl iathdj.k djkus ls NwVA
zzo`Qf"k laifÙk ds vtZu dks NksM+dj os lHkh vkfFkZd] foÙkh; rFkk 'kSf{kd lqfoèkk,¡ tks vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa (NRIs) dks
nh tkrh gSaA
zzvc ;g dkMZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ;k vks- lh- vkbZ- dkMZ èkkjdksa ds fons'kh fookg&lacaèkksa (Foreign spouses) dks Hkh
fn;k tk ldsxk] fdarq 'krZ gS fd mudk fookg laiUu gq, 2 o"kks± dk le; chr pqdk gksA muds fookg&lacaèkh dks
;g dkMZ fn;s tkus ls igys lqj{kk tk¡p Hkh dh tk,xhA vxj fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk fookg Hkax gks tkrk gS rks mlds
fookg&lacaèkh rFkk muls mRiUu vo;Ld cPpksa dk dkMZ vius vki jn~n gks tk,xkA
ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 [Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019]
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds Hkkx&2 esa vuqPNsn&5 ls ysdj vuqPNsn&11 rd ukxfjdrk lacaèkh izkoèkku gSaA bu vuqPNsnksa esa
ewy :i ls vktknh ds rqjar ckn dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i izkoèkku fd;s x, gSa rFkk 'ks"k ds fy;s laln dks 'kfDr nh
xbZ gS fd og ukxfjdrk ds vtZu vkSj lekfIr ds fy;s fofèk cuk,A vuqPNsn&11 ds rgr izkIr blh 'kfDr dk iz;ksx
djrs gq, laln us ûkxfjdrk vfèkfu;e&1955* cuk;k rFkk bl lacaèk esa foLr`r izkoèkku fd;sA orZeku la'kksèku Hkh blh
vfèkfu;e ls tqM+k gSA orZeku Hkkjrh; fofèk }kjk dksbZ O;fDr tUe] iathdj.k] ns'kh;dj.k vFkok jkT;{ks=k ds lekos'ku
}kjk ukxfjdrk izkIr dj ldrk gSA
ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 ds ekè;e ls ukxfjdrk vfèkfu;e] 1955 esa NBh ckj lalksèku fd;k x;k gSA
;g vfèkfu;e 12 fnlacj] 2019 dks izHkkoh gqvkA bl la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds fcanq bl izdkj gSa&
zzckaXykns'k] ikfdLrku vkSj viQxkfuLrku ls vkus okys fganw] fl[k] ckS¼] tSu] ikjlh vkSj bZlkbZ èkeZ ls lacaèk j[kus
okyksa dks voSèk vizoklh ugha ekuk tk,xk rFkk mUgsa ukxfjdrk nsus dk izkoèkku gSA vfèkfu;e esa bu ns'kksa ds eqfLye
izokfl;ksa dks ukxfjdrk nsus dk f”kØ ugha gS] D;ksafd os ogk¡ vYila[;d dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrs gSA
zzof.kZr 6 èkeks± ls lacaèk j[kus okys ftu izokfl;ksa us 31 fnlacj] 2014 dh rkjh[k rd Hkkjr esa izos'k dj fy;k gS]
os Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk gkfly dj ldsaxsA
zzns'kh;dj.k izfozQ;k (Naturalisation process) ds rgr ukxfjdrk iznku dh tk,xhA
zzftl frfFk dks izoklh us Hkkjr esa izos'k fd;k mlh frfFk ls mUgsa ukxfjdrk nh tk,xhA
zzvc 11 lky dh ctk; 5 lky Hkkjr esa jgus ij gh bu izokfl;ksa dks Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk fey tk,xhA
zzewy dkuwu dh èkkjk&2(b)(1) esa fcuk ikliksVZ vkSj oSèk ;k=kk nLrkos”k ds Hkkjr esa izos'k djus okyksa dks voSèk izoklh
dgk x;k gS ysfdu bl la'kksfèkr dkuwu esa mUgsa oSèk ekuk x;k gSA
zzbuds foLFkkiu ;k ns'k esa voSèk fuokl dks ysdj mu ij igys ls py jgh lHkh dkuwuh dkjZokbZ Lor% [kRe gks tk,xhA
zzlafoèkku dh NBh vuqlwph esa 'kkfey gksus ds dkj.k bl la'kksfèkr dkuwu ls vle] es?kky;] fe”kksje ;k f=kiqjk ds
vkfnoklh {ks=k dks ckgj j[kk x;k gSA
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zz;g la'kksèku caxky bZLVuZ izQafV;j jsX;wys'ku] 1873 ds rgr buj ykbu okys {ks=kksa ij Hkh ykxw ugha gksxkA bl izkoèkku
ds nk;js esa v#.kkpy izns'k] fe”kksje vkSj ukxkySaM vkrs gSaA
vfèkfu;e esa dqN vkèkkjksa ij OCI ds iathdj.k dks jn~n djus dk Hkh izkoèkku gS& (i) OCI us èkks[kkèkM+h }kjk
iathdj.k djk;k gks] (ii) iathdj.k djkus dh frfFk ls ik¡p o"kZ dh vofèk ds Hkhrj OCI dkMZèkkjd dks nks lky ;k
mlls vfèkd le; ds fy;s dkjkokl dh l”kk gqbZ gks] (iii) ;fn ,slk djuk Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk vkSj lqj{kk ds fgr esa
vko';d gks] (iv) OCI us dsanz ljdkj }kjk vfèklwfpr vfèkfu;e ;k fdlh vU; dkuwuh izkoèkkuksa dk mYya?ku fd;k
gS rks dkMZèkkjd dks lquokbZ dk volj fn;s fcuk OCI jn~n djus ds vkns'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
vè;k;&6
êwy vf/kdkj * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
vuqPNsn&16(6) [Article–16(6)]
vuqPNsn 16(6) lafoèkku ds 103osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e ds ekè;e ls var% LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA vuqPNsn 16(6) esa
;g izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd jkT; vuqPNsn 16 (4) esa of.kZr oxZ ds vfrfjDr vkfFkZd :i ls ifNM+s leqnk; ds fy;s
Hkh jkT; dh fu;qfDr;ksa ,oa inksa ds vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk dj ldsxkA lg iwoZ fuèkkZfjr vkj{k.k lhek esa vfèkdre 10%
dh o`f¼ ds lkFk ykxw fd;k tk ldsxkA
vkfFkZd vkèkkj ij vkj{k.k
zz124osa lafoèkku la'kksèku foèks;d (103ok¡ la'kksèku vfèkfu;e) ds ekè;e ls nks u, vuqPNsn&15(6) rFkk 16(6)
tksM+s x, gSaA ;g lafoèkku la'kksèku lkekftd U;k; dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s vkfFkZd vkèkkj ij Hkh vkj{k.k ds
izkoèkku dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA
zz;g la'kksèku vkfFkZd fiNM+siu dh ifjHkk"kk ds ckjs esa dgrk gS& ¶jkT; le;≤ ij ikfjokfjd vk; rFkk vU;
vkfFkZd oapukvksa ds ladsrdksa dk mi;ksx dj ^vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s leqnk;* dk fuèkkZj.k dj ldsxkA¸ bl izdkj
jkT; us fuEukafdr vkèkkjksa dks vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s leqnk; dks vkj{k.k ds fy;s vfuok;Z cuk;k gS&
ikfjokfjd vk; 8 yk[k #i; okf"kZd ls de gksA è;krO; gS fd orZeku esa vks-ch-lh- fØehys;j dh lhek Hkh
8 yk[k #i;s gh gSA
5 ,dM+ ls de Ñf"k Hkwfe gksA
fjgk;'kh vkokl dk vkdkj 1000 LDok;j iQhV ls de gksA
uxjikfydk vfèklwfpr {ks=k esa fjgk;'kh IykWV 100 ;kMZ ls de gksA
xSj&uxjikfydk vfèklwfpr {ks=k esa fjgk;'kh IykWV 200 ;kMZ ls de gksA
^banzk lkguh ekeys (1992)* esa lcls izHkkoh <ax ls 50% dh lhek dh ckr j[khA 103 osa la'kksèku ds iwoZ
iznku fd;k tkus okyk vkj{k.k (49.5%) dqy fuèkkZfjr lhek (50%) ds vuqdwy FkkA 10% vfèkd vkj{k.k
iznku djuk loksZPp U;k;ky; ds iwoZorhZ fu.kZ;ksa ds fo#¼ gSA
Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk (jktLFkku ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ lfgr) (Hkkx&2)

vè;k;&15
^la?kokn ,oa dsanz&jkT; laca/k * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
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la?kokn (Federalism)
RBI ds iwoZ xouZj Mh- lqCckjko us vius ,d gkfy;k ys• esa dgk Fkk fd ftl çdkj ns'k dk vkfFkZd dsaæ
(Economic Center) jkT;ksa dh vksj LFkkukarfjr gks jgk gS mls ns•rs gq, bl ckr ls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd
orZeku esa Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd fodkl lgdkjh la?kokn ij fVdk gqvk gSA è;krO; gS fd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk la?kh; pfj=k
bldh çeq• fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d gS] gkyk¡fd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa dgha Hkh egkla?k ;k iQsMjs'ku (Federation) 'kCn
dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA cfYd blds LFkku ij Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa Hkkjr dks ^jkT;ksa ds la?k* ds :i esa lacksfèkr
fd;k x;k gSA njvly] dbZ tkudkj ekurs gSa fd Hkkjr ,d v¼Z&la?kh; ns'k gS vFkkZr~ ;g ,d ,slk la?kh; jkT; gS
ftlesa ,dkRed ljdkj dh Hkh dqN fo'ks"krk,¡ ekStwn gSaA
D;k gS\ (What is?)

KkrO; gS fd la?kokn (Federalism) 'kCn dh mRifÙk ySfVu 'kCn ‘Foedus’ ls gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS ,d çdkj
dk le>kSrk ;k vuqcaèkA
okLro esa egkla?k nks rjg dh ljdkjksa ds chp lÙkk lk>k djus vkSj muds lacafèkr {ks=kksa dks fu;af=kr djus gsrq
,d le>kSrk gSA
bl vkèkkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd la?kokn ljdkj dk og :i gS ftlesa ns'k ds Hkhrj ljdkj ds de&ls&de
nks Lrj ekStwn gSa& igyk dsaæh; Lrj ij vkSj nwljk LFkkuh; ;k jkT;h; Lrj ijA
Hkkjr dh fLFkfr esa la?kokn dks LFkkuh;] dsaæh; vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds eè; vfèkdkjksa ds forj.k ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lgdkjh cuke çfrLi¼hZ la?kokn (Cooperative vs competitive federalism)

dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds chp lacaèkksa ds vkèkkj ij la?kokn dh voèkkj.kk dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS
(1) lgdkjh la?kokn (2) çfrLi¼hZ la?koknA
lgdkjh la?kokn
lgdkjh la?kokn esa dsaæ o jkT; ,d&nwljs ds lkFk {kSfrt lacaèk LFkkfir djrs gq, ,d&nwljs ds lg;ksx ls viuh
leL;kvksa dks gy djus dk ç;kl djrs gSaA lgdkjh la?kokn dh bl voèkkj.kk esa ;g Li"V fd;k tkrk gS fd dsaæ vkSj
jkT; esa ls dksbZ Hkh fdlh ls Js"B ugha gSA
zztkudkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd ;g jk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj dk;kZUo;u esa jkT;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus ds
fy;s ,d egÙoiw.kZ midj.k gSA
zzla?k vkSj jkT; laoSèkkfud :i ls lafoèkku dh 7oha vuqlwph esa fufnZ"V ekeyksa ij ,d&nwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx
djus gsrq ckè; gSaA
çfrLi¼hZ la?kokn
zzçfrLi¼hZ la?kokn esa dsaæ ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds eè; lacaèk yacor gksrs gSa tcfd jkT; ljdkjksa ds eè;
lacaèk {kSfrt gksrs gSaA
zzxkSjryc gS fd çfrLi¼hZ la?kokn dh voèkkj.kk dks ns'k esa 1990 ds n'kd ds vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa ds ckn ls egÙo çkIr gqvkA
zzçfrLi¼hZ la?kokn esa jkT;ksa dks vkil esa vkSj dsaæ ds lkFk ykHk ds mís'; ls çfrLi¼kZ djuh gksrh gSA
zzlHkh jkT; èku vkSj fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s ,d&nwljs ds lkFk çfrLi¼kZ djrs gSa] rkfd fodkl lacaèkh
xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk lds gSA
zzlkekU;r% fuos'kd vius iSls dk fuos'k djus ds fy;s vfèkd fodflr jkT;ksa dks ilan djrs gSaA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd çfrLi¼hZ la?kokn Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh ewy lajpuk dk fgLlk ugha gSA
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vè;k;&18
^yksdra= dh dk;Ziz.kkyh * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx (State Election Commission)

jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx dk xBu lafoèkku ds 73osa o 74osa la'kksèkuksa dh i`"BHkwfe dh mit gSA vuqPNsn ^243 V (K)*
esa dgk x;k gS fd iapk;rksa ds fy;s djk, tkus okys lHkh fuokZpuksa ds lapkyu] funZs'ku vkSj fu;a=k.k dk dk;Z jkT;
fuokZpu vk;ksx esa fufgr gksxkA blesa ,d jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr gksxk] tks jkT;iky }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tk,xkA iapk;r
ds pqukoksa ds lkFk uxj ikfydkvksa ds fy;s djk, tkus okys lHkh fuokZpuksa ds fy;s fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djus]
fuokZpu dk lapkyu] funZs'kd o fu;a=k.k dk dk;Z Hkh jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
jktLFkku iapk;rh jkt vfèkfu;e] 1994 dh èkkjk 120 ds vuqlkj fuokZpu vk;ksx ds ÑR;ksa dk ikyu fdlh
mifuokZpu vk;qDr ;k jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr ds lfpo }kjk Hkh fd;k tk ldsxkA
jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr (State Election Commissioner)

jktLFkku esa jkT;iky us 17 twu] 1994 dks vkns'k tkjh dj lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 243V (K) ,oa 243;d (ZA)
ds micaèkksa ds vuqlj.k esa vej flag jkBkSM+ dks izFke jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr cuk;kA bUgksaus 1 tqykbZ] 1994 dks inHkkj
laHkkykA jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr dk dk;Zdky 5 o"kZ ;k 65 o"kZ vk;q (tks Hkh igys gks) gksrk gSA jkT; dk fuokZpu vk;qDr
jkT; dh iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ,oa 'kgjh fudk;ksa ds lHkh fuokZpuksa ds fy;s fuokZpd ukekoyh dh rS;kjh] vèkh{k.k]
lapkyu rFkk funsZ'ku ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA
dk;Z%
(i) ernkrk lwph rS;kj djukA
(ii) pquko vfèkdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr djukA
(iii) pquko ds le; pquko&fpÉ lacaèkh fooknksa dk Hkh fuiVkjk djrk gSA
(iv) vlkèkkj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iqueZrnku dk vkns'k ns ldrk gSA
(v) pquko LFkfxr dj ldrk gSA
(vi) nwjn'kZu ,oa vkdk'kok.kh ij jk"Vªh; izlkj.kksa ds le; pquko izpkj gsrq jktuhfrd nyksa dks le; ,oa fnu dk
vkoaVu djrk gSA
Øe la[;k vk;qDr dk uke dk;Zdky
1. vej flag jkBkSM+ 01.07.1994–01.07.2000
2. ,u-vkj- Hklhu 02.07.2000–26.07.2002
3. bUnzthr [kÂk 26.12.2002–26.12.2007
4. v'kksd dqekj ik.Ms 01.10.2008–30.09.2013
5. jke yqHkk;k 01.10.2013–02.04.2017
6. isze flag esgjk 03.07.2017 ls vc rd

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vè;k;&23
^jktuhfrd xR;kRedrk,¡ * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
Hkkjrh; jktuhfr eas oxZ (Class in Indian Politics)

O;fDr;kas dk ,slk lewg] ftudk lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkèkkj ,d leku gks] dks ôxZ* dgk tkrk gSA bldk vkèkkj
tUetkr u gksdj O;kolkf;d gksrk gSA dkyZ ekDlZ us lekt dks gks oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k gS% cqtqZvk oxZ vkSj loZgkjk
oxZA Hkkjrh; lekt eas oxZ ds fofHkUu :i fo|eku gSa% mPp oxZ] eè;e oxZ vkSj fuEu oxZA
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku eas oxZ dks ifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k x;k gS] fdarq vuqPNsn&15] 16 vkSj 340 eas bldh ppkZ dh xbZ
gSA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr eas tkfr vkSj èkeZ ds vykok oxZ us Hkh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS] ftls fuEufyf[kr :i ls crk;k
tk ldrk gSA
mPPk oxZ
lsB&lkgwdkj] tehankj] iwathifr vkSj m|ksxifr vkfn mPPk oxZ Js.kh eas vkrs gSaA ;s oxZ vkfFkZd ,oa vU; lalkèkukas
ls laiUu gksrs gSaA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus ds fy;s ;s oxZ fuEufyf[kr rduhd viukrs gSa%
zzpquko ds le; jktuhfrd nyksa dks pans ds :i eas cM+h èkujkf'k miyCèk djkrs gSaA
zzfofHkUu izdkj ds laxBu ,oa ncko lewg cukdj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djrs gS] tSls& ,lkspSeA
zzvius lnL;kas dks jktuhfr eas Hkstdj rFkk ykWch ds ekè;e ls ljdkj dh uhfr;kas dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
eè;e oxZ
odhy] bathfu;j] NksVs O;kikjh eè;e oxZ ds fdlku vkfn bl Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt eas bl oxZ dk
foLrkj lcls vfèkd gS vkSj ;s oxZ mPp ,oa fuEu oxZ ds eè; dM+h ds :i eas dk;Z djrs gSaA ;g oxZ Hkkjrh; jktuhfr
dks fuEufyf[kr :i ls izHkkfor djrs gSa&
zzfgr lewg ,oa ncko lewg cukdj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
zz;s oxZ flfoy lkslkbVh] ehfM;k ,oa fMftVy VsDuksykWth ds ekè;e ls Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus dk iz;kl
djrs gSaA ;s oxZ f'kf{kr gksrs gSa vkSj ys[ku ds ekè;e ls Hkh izHkkfor djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
fuEu oxZ
nfyr] etnwj] efgyk rFkk vU; 'kksf"kr oxZ bl Js.kh eas vkrs gSaA ;s oxZ vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd :i ls detksj
gksrs gSaA os oxZ ges'kk ls 'kksf"kr jgs vkSj lekt ds eq[;èkkjk ls ugha tqM+ ik, FksA lafoèkku fuekZ.k ds i'pkr~ bu oxks±
ds fy;s laoSèkkfud ,oa oSèkkfud izkoèkku fd;s x,A
Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks ;s oxZ fuEufyf[kr :i ls izHkkfor djrs gSa%
zznfyr oxZ ds varxZr Øheh ys;j] inksUufr esa vkj{k.k vkSj SC/ST dkuwu dks ysdj fofHkUu jktuhfrd ny Hkkjrh;
jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
zzfiNM+k oxZ ls lacafèkr eaMy deh'ku ,oa muds fliQkfj'kksa us Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA
zzlaln ,oa jkT; foèkkueaMy eas efgyk vkj{k.k dks eqík cukdj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks izHkkfor fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzr`rh; fyax Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds fy;s ,d izeq[k eqík cuk gqvk gSA
zzfdlku ,oa etnwj iatkc] gfj;k.kk] fnYyh ,oa mÙkj izns'k vkfn jkT;kas ds fy;s ,d izeq[k eqík cuk gqvk gS] tSls&
jk"Vªh; yksd ny ds fy;s fdlkuA
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Hkkjrh; jktuhfr eas u`tkrh;rk (Ethinicity in Indian Politics)
lkekU;r% u`tkrh;rk dks mu yksxkas ds ,d lewg dk laxBu ekuk tkrk gS tks laLÑfr] Hkk"kk] èkeZ] bfrgkl vkfn ds
fygkt ls loZekU; lgt xq.k j[krs gSa] vkSj tks ,sls fdlh vU; lewg ls fHkUu gksrs gSa tks vius vyx loZekU; xq.k j[krs
gSaA ;g laxBu ,dy vFkok vfèkd lgt xq.kkas ij vkèkkfjr gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] Hkk"kk] èkeZ tkfr vFkok
tutkfr ds vkèkkj ij ykecanh dks u`tkrh; ykecanh ekuk tkrk gSA u`tkrh;rk vfuok;Z :i ls jkT;{ks=k o laiHz kqrk ds
lanHkZ eas fdlh lewg ds laxBu dks fdlh vU; lewg ds lkFk lacèa k esa ^b±fxr djrh gSA ,d u`tkrh; lewg Lo;a dks fdlh
jk"Vª ds jkT;{ks=k eas vkLFkk dk lPpk vuq;k;h gksus dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gS vFkok ,d laiHz kq jkT; LFkkfir djuk pkgrk gSA
u`tkrh;rk dqN ekunaMksa o fpUgksa ds vkèkkj ij fdlh tulewg dh igpku dh vksj ladsr djrh gSA bu fpUgksa eas
'kkfey gSa& laLÑfr] iztkfr] Hkk"kk] èkeZ] jhfr&fjokt] bfrgkl] vkfFkZd vuqHko vkfnA fdlh Hkh u`tkrh; lewg dh dqN
fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSa tks fd muds }kjk mÙkjkfèkdkj eas izkIr dh tkrh gSaA
ns'k ds yxHkx lHkh cM+s {ks=kksa eas u`tkrh; vkanksyu ns[ks x, gSa vkSj bl vkanksyu us Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dks Hkh izHkkfor
fd;k gSA u`tkrh; vkanksyu {ks=kh; Lok;Ùkrk gsrq] i`Fkd~~ jkT;ksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq vkanksyukas dk :i ys ysrs gSa vkSj blesa fgalk
,oa la?k"kZ Hkh mifLFkr gksrk gSA u`tkrh; vkanksyukas dh bu vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks ^Lok;Ùkrk dk vkanksyu* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
dbZ ekeykas eas u`tkrh; vkanksyu lHkh vFkok dqN igpku fpUgkas tSls tutkfr] tkfr] Hkk"kk] èkeZ vkfn ij vkèkkfjr
u`tkrh; foHkktu ds rtZ ij fooknkas vFkok minzokas dks Hkh c<+kok nsrs gSaA Lok;Ùkrk ekWMy vkanksyu oLrqr% ml jk"Vª&jkT;
ds fuekZ.k ekWMy ij loky mBkrs gSa ftls Lora=k Hkkjr }kjk ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA mÙkj&iwoZ ds jkT;kas eas uxkvksa }kjk
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds vLohdj.k ls izkjaHk gksdj ;g nzfoM+ u`tkrh; vkanksyu Hkk"kk;h jkT;kas ds xBu gsrq ekax ds :i esa
iSQykA nf{k.k esa i`Fkd~ vkaèkz izns'k jkT; ds fuekZ.k gsrq vkanksyu] tEew ,oa d'ehj o iatkc eas vkanksyu vkSj eqacbZ esa
mÙkj Hkkjrh;kas ds f[kykiQ f'kolsuk dk vkanksyu blds izeq[k mnkgj.k gSaA
rfeyukMq esa bZ-oh- jkekLokeh uk;dj dh fojklr dks viukdj Lora=krk i'pkr~ nks n'kdksa eas u`tkrh; vkanksyu us
rhu eqíkas dks vkèkkj cuk;k& Hkk"kk] nzfoM+ laLÑfr vkSj èkeZA rfey u`tkrh; vkanksyu us fgUnh Hkk"kk Fkksis tkus dk fojksèk
vkSj Hkkjr ls lacaèk&foPNsn dh ekax dh FkhA nwljh rjiQ iatkc esa u`tkrh; vkanksyu {ks=kh;] èkkfeZd o jktuhfrd vkèkkj
ij vkèkkfjr FkkA vdkyh ny dh vxqokbZ eas iatkc ds usrkvkas us rdZ fn;k fd pw¡fd fl[k i`Fkd~ èkeZ dk ikyu djrs
gSa vkSj fHkUu Hkk"kk cksyrs gSa blfy;s mUgsa ,d vyx jkT; feyuk pkfg;sA dqN voljkas ij ;g jkT; esa fgUnqvkas o fl[kkas
ds eè; lkaiznkf;d foHkktu esa O;Dr gqvkA iatkc eas u`tkrh; vkanksyu vLlh ds n'kd esa fiQj mBkA blus ,d jk"Vª&jkT;
ds :i esa Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk dks pqukSrh nhA mlus ,d laizHkq [kkfyLrku jkT; LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl fd;kA jktuhfrd
fo'ys"kdkas us iatkc ds u`tkrh; vkanksyu dks lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd dkjdkas ds :i esa Li"V fd;k gSA mudk rdZ gS
fd iatkc ladV jktuhfrKkas }kjk èkeZ dks jktuhfr eas bLrseky djus dk ifj.kke FkkA
tho foKku
vè;k;&6
êkuo LokLF; vkSj jksx * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
lkYeksusyk (Salmonella)
lkYeksusyk cSDVhfj;k dk ,d lewg gS tks [kk|&tfur jksxksa dk okgd cu ldrk gSA mu chekfj;ksa dks lkYeksusyksfll
ds :i eas tkuk tkrk gS tks xSLVªksbaVsLVkbuy VªSDV dks izHkkfor djrh gSaA lkYeksusyk dks fo'o LokLFk; laxBu (WHO)
}kjk Mk;fj;k jksxksa ds pkj izeq[k oSf'od dkj.kksa esa ls ,d ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k gSA euq";ksa esa lkYeksusyksfll
eq[;r% i'kqvksa ls izkIr mRikn ds nwf"kr Hkkst (eq[; :i ls nqXèk] ekal] vaMs ,oa dqDdqV) ds lsou ls gksrk gSA
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zzisQdy&vksjy :V (Faecal-oral route) ds ekè;e ls Hkh ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr eas budk izlkj gks ldrk gSA
zzgjh lfCt;ksa lfgr vU; [kk| inkFkZ [kkn }kjk Hkh lanwf"kr gks tkrs gS] tks bu jksxksa ds izlkj gsrq mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSA
jk"Vªh; ok;jy gsiVs kbfVl fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe (National Action Plan for Viral Hepatitis Control)
LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk jk"Vªh; ok;jy gsisVkbfVl fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g
dk;ZØe ,d j.kuhfrd :ijs[kk iznku djrk gS ftlds vkèkkj ij o"kZ 2018 eas jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku ds varxZr ^jk"Vªh;
ok;jy gsisVkbfVl fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe* vkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g dk;ZØe Hkkjr ljdkj dh ok;jy gsisVkbfVl ds mUewyu ds
izfr xgu izfrc¼rk ds vuq:i gSA bl dk;ZØe dk y{; o"kZ 2030 rd ns'k eas lkoZtfud LokLFk; ds ckjs eas ok;jy
gsisVkbfVl dks lekIr djuk gS rFkk bldk mn~ns'; ok;jy gsisVkbfVl ds dkj.k :X.krk ,oa e`R;q nj (Morbidity and
Mortality) dks de djuk gSA bldh izeq[k j.kuhfr;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr fcanq lfEefyr gSa&
zzfofHkUu ea=kky;ksa ,oa foHkkxksa ds lkFk leUo; ,oa lg;ksx LFkkfir djukA
zzgsisVkbfVl&ch ,oa lh ds jksfx;ksa gsrq jksx dh igpku rFkk mipkj ds fy;s leFkZu iznku djukA
zzjk"Vªh;] jkT;] f”kyk Lrj rFkk mi&f”kyk Lrj ls ysdj izkFkfed LokLFk; dsanzksa (PHC) vkSj LokLFk; ,oa dY;k.k
dsanzksa dh {kerkvksa dk fodkl djuk rkfd bl dk;ZØe dks pj.kc¼ rjhds ls LokLFk; lqfoèkk ds fupys Lrj rd
c<+k;k tk ldsA
zzlqjf{kr batsD'ku nsus dh izfØ;kvksa ,oa lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd izFkkvksa] lqjf{kr is;ty vkiwfrZ] tkx:drk l`tu]
LoPNrk] laØe.k fu;a=k.k ,oa Vhdkdj.k ij è;ku dsafnzr djus ds lkFk&lkFk fuokjd rFkk izksRlkgu lacaèkh mik;ksa
ij Hkh è;ku nsukA
gafVaxVu jksx (Huntington Disease-HD)
;g efLr"d dks izHkkfor djus okyk vkuqokaf'kd fodkj gSA
jksx dk dkj.k
zz;g jksx HTT uked thu esa mRifjorZu ds dkj.k gksrk gSA HTT thu gafVaxVu uked izksVhu ds fuekZ.k eas Hkkx
ysrs gSaA HTT thuksa dk dk;Z izksVhu fuekZ.k ds fy;s funsZ'k nsuk gSaA
zzHTT thu esa mRifjofrZr gksus ds dkj.k bu thuksa dh funsZ'k nsus dh {kerk esa ckèkk mRiUu gksrh gS rFkk blls
=kqfViw.kZ izksVhu dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
zz=kqfViw.kZ izksVhu ftUgsa Dyail (Clupms) Hkh dgk tkrk gS] efLr"d dh dksf'kdkvksa ds lkekU; dkedkt dks ckfèkr
djrs gSA varr% efLr"d dh U;wjkWUl e`r gks tkrh gS rFkk ;s =kqfViw.kZ izksVhu gafVaxVu jksx dk dkj.k curs gSaA
jksx dk izHkko
zz;g ,d U;wjks tfur jksx gSA blesa U;wjkWUl dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA jksxh dh ekufld 'kfDr de”kksj gks tkrh gS vkSj
og pyus&fiQjus esa vleFkZ gks tkrk gSA
zzbl jksx ds dkj.k 'kjhj ij fu;a=k.k ugha jgrk gS rFkk laKkukRed {kerk esa fxjkoV vkrh gSA
zzblds vykok è;ku dsafnzr djus esa dfBukbZ] Le`fr foyksi] ewM fLoax] O;fDrRo esa cnyko vkfn ds y{k.k ns[ks
tkrs gSA
zzbl jksx eas gafVaxVu izksVhu ,df=kr gksus yxrk gSA
nqyZHk jksx (Rare Diseases)

nqyZHk jksx ls rkRi;Z ^vYi izlkj okyh ,d ,slh LokLF; fLFkfr* ls gksrk gS] tks fd lkekU; (vke) tula[;k esa
izlkfjr vU; jksxksa dh rqyuk esa de (fuEu) la[;k esa yksxksa dk izHkkfor djrh gSa fofHkUu ns'kksa esa bu nqyZHk jksxksa dh
ifjHkk"kk,¡ fHkUu&fHkUu gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu bu nqyZHk jksxksa dks izfr 1,000 tula[;k ij ,d ;k mlls de O;fDr;ksa
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dks izHkkfor djus okys nqyZHk vkthou jksx vFkkZr~ fodkj ds rkSj ij ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA bu nqyZHk jksxksa esa nqyZHk dSalj
(Rare cancer), vkuqokaf'kd jksx (Genetic Diseases), m".k dfVcaèkh; laØked jksx (Infectious Tropical Diseases)
rFkk vi{kh; jksx (Degenerative Diseases) vkfn lfEefyr gS yxHkx 80% nqyZHk jksx vkuqokaf'kd gksrs gSa rFkk blhfy;s
;s cPpksa dks vfèkdkfèkd ,oa vlkèkkj.k :i ls izHkkfor djrs gSaA bu jksxksa dh nqyZHk izÑfr ,oa vYi izlkj ds ckotwn]
fdlh ns'k esa lkewfgd :i ls ;s jksx dqy tula[;k ds 6%-8% Hkkx dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
nqyZHk jksx lkoZtfud LokLF; lacaèkh eqn~nk D;ksa\
1. nqyZHk jksxksa dk lkekU; yksxksa ds lkFk&lkFk fpfdRldksa esa tkx:drk ds vHkko rFkk uSnkfud lkèkuksa dh deh
funku ds dkj.k bu jksxksa ds mipkj (funku) esa dbZ o"kks± dk le; yx tkrk gSA vusd nqyZHk jksxksa
gsrq dksbZ uSnkfud i¼fr@lqfoèkk,¡ miy{k ugha gSA bl izdkj funku (mipkj) esa foyac jksx ds
izHkko esa vfèkdkfèkd o`f¼ dj nsrs gSaA
2. nqyZHk jksxksa ls nqyZHk jksxksa ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+ksa dk vHkko nqyZHk jksxksa ls xzflr yksxksa ,oa muds eè; e`R;q nj
lacafèkr vk¡dM+ksa dk ds cks> ls lacafèkr le> dks cgqr gn rd ckfèkr djrk gSA vfèkdka'k nqyZHk jksxksa ds iM+us
vHkko@deh okys vkfFkZd cks> ls lacafèkr lwpuk,¡ vFkkZr~ tkudkfj;k¡ Hkh miyCèk ugha gSA
3. nqyZHk jksxksa dk vfèkdkfèkd ekeyksa esa] ;s jksx xaHkhj ,oa nh?kZdkfyd nqcZyrk rFkk thou ds le{k [krjk mRiUu
izHkko djrs gSaA vr% bu jksxksa dks nh?kZdkfyd ,oa fo'ks"k mipkj dh vko';drk gksrh gSa ;s jksx jksfx;ksa
,oa muds ifjokjksa ds le{k euksoSKkfud] 'kkjhfjd rFkk lkekftd&vkfFkZd cks> mRiUu djrs gSa
rFkk fdlh u fdlh :i esa fu%'kDrrk mRiUu djrs gSa ,oa dHkh&dHkh ;s vR;fèkd ?kkrd Hkh
gks tkrs gSaA
4. fofHkuu fofHkUu ns'kksa }kjk viuh fof'k"V vko';drkvksa ,oa lalkèkuksa ds vuq:i vyx&vyx ifjHkk"kkvksa
ifjHkk"kk,¡ ,oa izlkj dks fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS] ftlls fofoèk 'kCnkofy;ksa ,oa vlaxr ifjHkk"kkvksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i
dh lhekvksa dh Hkzkafr mRiUu gksuh gSA dbZ vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh Hkk¡fr Hkkjr esa Hkh orZeku esa nqyZHk jksxksa
fHkUurk dk gksuk dh ekud ifjHkk"kk miycèk ugha gSA
5. vuqlaèkku rFkk nqyZHk jksxksa ls xzflr jksfx;ksa dh la[;k vR;fèkd de gksus rFkk bu jksxksa dh iSFkksfiQft;ksykWth
fodkl lacaèkh ,oa izkÑfrd fodkl ds fo"k; esa vis{kkÑr de tkudkjh gksus ls budk uSnkfud fooj.k lhfer
pqukSfr;k¡ ;k vi;kZIr cuk jg ldrk gSA bu jksxkas dh izÑfr nh?kZdkfyd gksrh gSA ftlds fy;s nh?kZdkfyd
vuqorhZ dkjZokbZ fo'ks"k :i ls vko';d gksrh gSA ifj.kker% nqyZHk jksxksa esa yacs le; rd mipkj
ds ifj.kkeksa ls lacafèkr izdkf'kr vk¡dM+ksa dk vHkko gksrk gS rFkk izk;% budk fooj.k viw.kZ gksrk gSA
6. mipkj lacaèkh ,d izeq[k leL;k gS& mipkj dh vuqiyCèkrkA yxHkx 95% nqyZHk jksxksa dk dksbZ LohÑr mipkj
pqukSfr;k¡ ugha gSA buds mipkj ds fy;s yxHkx 300 FkSjsih gh miyCèk gSA nok fuekZrkvksa gsrq ,d egÙoiw.kZ
cktkj dh vuqiyCèkrk ds dkj.k] mUgsa nokvksa dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy;s dksbZ izksRlkgu miyCèk
ugha gksrk gSa] ftlds dkj.k nqyZHk jksxksa dks ^vkWiQZu fMtht* Hkh dgk tkrk gS ,oa budk mipkj
djus okyh nokvksa dks ^vkWiQZu MªXl* dgrs gSaA
Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa
zzHkkjr esa yxHkx 95% jksxksa dk dksbZ LohÑr mipkj miyCèk ugha gSA
zzHkkjr esa izR;sd 10 esa ls 1 jksxh dks gh jksx fof'k"V mipkj izkIr gksrk gSA
zzHkkjr esa dksbZ ?kjsyw fofuekZrk ugha gS] D;ksafd cgqr de nok daifu;k¡ nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj ds fy;s nokvksa dk
fofuekZ.k djrh gSA
zzlcls lkekU; nqyZHk jksxksa esa fldy&lsy ,uhfe;k] FkSyslhfe;k] cPpksa esa izkFkfed izfrj{kk dh deh] gseksfiQfy;k
rFkk vkWVks&bE;qu jksx vkfn lfEefyr gSA
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LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk tqykbZ 2017 esa nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj gsrq ,d jk"Vªh; uhfr (National
Policy for Treatment of Rare Diseases) rS;kj dh xbZ FkhA blesa nqyZHk vkuqokaf'kd jksxksa ds mipkj (funku) gsrq
foÙk&iks"k.k ds fy;s 100 djksM+ #i, dh ^dkWiZl fufèk* dks LFkkfir djuk Fkk ijarq ctV ckè;rkvksa ds dkj.k bldh
LFkkiuk ugha dh tk ldhA bl uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u eas dqN pqukSfr;k¡ fo|eku jgh gS tSls& jkT;ksa dks cksMZ esa 'kkfey
djus ,oa ljdkj }kjk r`rh;d LokLF; lsokvksa ds lanHkZ eas lgk;rk miycèk djkus gsrq Li"Vrk dk vHkkoA bldk lekèkku
djus ds fy;s O;kid ijke'kZ ,oa vuq'kalkvksa dh vko';drk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj gsrq jk"Vªh;
uhfr dks iqu% rS;kj djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj gsrq jk"Vªh; uhfr] 2017 dh leh{kk djus ds fy;s
LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; us uoacj] 2018 esa ,d fo'ks"kK lfefr dk xBu fd;k FkkA bl fo'ks"kK lfefr
dh fjiksVZ ds vkèkkj ij gky gh esa LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk nqyZHk jksxksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; uhfr dk elkSnk
(Draft National Policy for Rare Diseases) tkjh fd;k x;k gSA
elkSnk uhfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

zzbl elkSnk uhfr esa 450 jksxksa dks nqyZHk jksx ds :i esa lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA bl uhfr ds varxZr nqyZHk jksxksa dh
fuEufyf[kr rhu Jsf.k;ksa dks l`ftr fd;k x;k gS%
,d ckj mipkjkRed fpfdRlk dh vko';drk okys nqyZHk jksxA
,sls jksx ftuesa yacs le; rd (nh?kZdkfyd le; rd) mipkj dh vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk ftuds mipkj dh
ykxr vis{kkÑr de gksrh gSA

,sls jksx ftUgsa mPp ykxr (vfèkd ykxr) ds lkFk vkthou mipkj dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
zznqyZHk jksxksa ds fy;s Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (Indian Council of Medical Research-ICMR) ds rgr jk"Vªh;
jftLVªh LFkkfir dh tk,xh] tks fd Hkkjr dks nqyZHk jksxksa dh lokZfèkd mi;qDr ifjHkk"kk iznku djus esa enn djsxhA
zzLokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; viuh vEczsyk ;kstuk ^jk"Vªh; vkjksX; fufèk* (Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi) ds
rgr fuèkZurk js[kk ds uhps thou ;kiu djus okys nqyZHk jksxksa ls xzLr jksfx;ksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djsxkA
zz,sls jksxh tks ljdkj dh izeq[k ^vk;q"eku* Hkkjr ;kstuk@izèkkuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk] LokLF; chek ;kstuk (;s ;kstuk,¡
yxHkx 40% tula[;k dks doj djrh gS) ds ik=k gS rks mUgsa nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj gsrq 15 yk[k #i, rd dh
,deq'r mipkj ykxr okyh foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku dh tk,xhA
zzJs.kh&III ds jksfx;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk dsanz ,oa jkT;ksa ds mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fo"k; esa dksbZ Li"Vrk ugha gSA
zzbl elkSnk uhfr ds y{;ksa eas nqyZHk jksxksa ij xfrfofèk;ksa dh fuxjkuh rFkk leUo; ds fy;s jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d
^varj&ea=kky;h ijke'kZ lfefr dk xBu djuk] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; (MoHFW), jlk;u ,oa moZjd
ea=kky; esa vkS"kèk foHkkx (DoP) rFkk Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICMR) ds vanj (Hkhrj) ,d ^nqyZHk
jksx lsy* dk xBu djuk rFkk blds lkFk gh dqN fuf'pr ljdkjh fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa dks nqyZHk jksxksa gsrq mRÑ"Vrk
dsanz ds :i esa vfèklwfpr djuk vkfn lfEefyr gSA
zznqyZHk jksxksa gsrq dsanzh; ,oa jkT; Lrj ij ,d ^dkiZl fufèk* dks l`ftr djukA ;g nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj ds fy;s
,d Lkzksr ds :i esa ØkmM iQafMax dh fliQkfj'k vFkkZr vuq'kalk djrk gS rFkk vLirkyksa dks iQaM bdV~Bk djus gsrq
fMftVy IysViQkeZ ij ,sls ekeyksa dh fjiksVZ djus dh lykg nsrk gSA
zzlkekU; turk] jksfx;ksa ,oa ifjokjksa ds eè; tkx:drk c<+kuk ,oa LokLF; ns[kHkky iznkrkvksa ds izf'k{k.k gsrq lkekfxz;ksa
dk fodkl djukA
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fu"d"kZr% jksfx;ksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa] vke turk ,oa fpfdRldksa ds eè; tkx:drk dks c<+kus dh vko';drk gSA
nqyZHk jksxksa ds mipkj ls lacafèkr fdlh Hkh uhfr esa mipkj rd igq¡p rFkk LokLF; iz.kkyh dh fLFkjrk ds eè; larqyu
LFkkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ftl izdkj vesfjdk esa ^vkWiQZu MªXl* tSls vfèkfu;e ds ekè;e ls nok fofuekZrkvksa dks
nqyZHk jksxksa gsrq nokvksa ds fofuekZ.k ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ;wukbZVsM fdaxMe ,oa dqN vU; fodflr ns'kksa
esa Hkh blh izdkj ds izksRlkgu iznku fd;s tkrs gSa mlh izdkj Hkkjr esa Hkh bl izdkj ds dne mBk, tk ldrs gSaA
izfrj{kk ra=k (Immune System)

zzekuo 'kjhj izfrfnu vla[; jksxk.kqvksa ds laidZ esa vkrk gSA bu jksxk.kqvksa ls 'kjhj dh j{kk djus ds fy;s ekuo dk
izfrj{kk ra=k dk;Zjr jgrk gSA ekuo izfrj{kk ra=k ds nks vo;o gSa&
lgt izfrj{kk (Innate Immunity)% ;g izfrj{kk iz.kkyh ekuo 'kjhj dks tUe ds lkFk LokHkkfod :i ls
izkIr gksrh gS] Ropk] iydsa] vk¡lw vkfn ekuo 'kjhj ds lgt izfrj{kk ra=k dk gh fgLlk gSaA
mikftZr izfrj{kk (Aquired Immunity)% 'kjhj ij fdlh jksxk.kq }kjk geys dh fLFkfr esa gekjs 'kjhj dk
izfrj{kk ra=k ml thok.kq ;k jksxk.kq ds fo#¼ izfrfØ;k djrk gSA ;g izfrfØ;k gekjs 'kjhj esa fo|eku nks
yfldk.kqvksa }kjk gksrh gS] buesa ,d ch&yfldk.kq rFkk nwljh Vh&yfldk.kq gSA tgk¡ ch&yfldk.kq thok.kq ;k
jksxk.kq }kjk geys dh izfrfØ;k Lo:i 'kjhj esa rs”kh ls izksVhu mRiknu izkjaHk dj nsrs gSa] ogha Vh&yfldk.kq]
ch&yfldk.kq ds bl dk;Z esa lgk;d dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
mikftZr izfrj{kk ,d jksxtud fof'k"V gSa ftldk vfHky{k.k Le`fr gksrk gSA bldk rkRi;Z gS fd tc gekjs 'kjhj
dk igyh ckj fdlh jksxtud ls lkeuk gksrk gS rks ;g ,d jsLikal (vuqfØ;k) djrk gS ftls fuEu rhozrk dh izkFkfed
vuqfØ;k dgk tkrk gSa ckn esa mlh jksxtud ls lkeuk gksus ij cgqr gh mPp rhozrk dh iw.kZo`Ùkh; (,ukfefLVd) vFkkZr~
f}rh;d vuqfØ;k gksrh gS ftldk dkj.k gekjs 'kjhj dks izFke êqBHksM+* dh Le`fr gksuk gSA) izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d
izfrj{kk vuqfØ;k,a 'kjhj ds jDr esa ekStwn nks fo'ks"k izdkj ds ylhdk.kqvksa }kjk gksrh gSA ;s nks izdkj ds ylhdk.kq
fuEufyf[kr gSA
zzch&ylhdk.kq% jksxtudksa dh vuqfØ;k eas ;s ch&ylhdk.kq jDr esa izksVhuksa dh lsuk mRiUu djrs gS rkfd os jksxtudksa
ls yM+ ldsaA bu ch&ylhdk.kq dks izksVhus izfrj{kh (Antibiotics) dgk tkrk gSA
zzVh&ylhdk.kq% ;s ylhdk.kq Lo;a rks izfrjf{k;ksa dk L=kko.k ugha djrh] ijarq izksVhu mRiUu djus esa ch&ylhdk.kqvksa
dh lgk;rk djrh gSA
izR;sd izfrj{kh v.kq ds varxZr 4 isIVkbM Ükà[kyk,a gksrh gS tks fd nks NksVh y?kq Ükà[kyk,a ,oa nks cM+h nh?kZ Ük`[kayk,a
dgykrh gS blfy;s izfrj{kh dks H2L2 ds :i O;Dr (n'kkZ;k) fd;k tkrk gSA gekjs 'kjhj esa fofHkUu izdkj ds izfrj{kh
(tSls IgA, IgM, IgF vkfn) mRiUu fd;s tk ldrs gSA ;s izfrj{kh jDr esa ikbZ tkrh gS] blfy;s budks rjy izfrj{kk
vuqfØ;k (Humoral Immune Response) dgk tkrk gSA ;g nks izdkj dh izfrj{kh ekfè;r mikftZr izfrj{kk vuqfØ;kvksa
esa ls ,d gksrh gSA nwljs izdkj dh vuqfØ;k dksf'kdk&ekfè;r izfrj{kk (Cell Mediated Immunity) dgykrh gSA
Vh&ylhdk.kq dksf'kdk&ekfè;r izfrj{kk dk ekè;e curs gSA tc dHkh Hkh o`Dd] us=k] ân; rFkk ;Ñr tSls vax larks"ktud
:i ls dke djuk can dj nsrs gS rks budk ,dek=k mipkj izfrjksi.k gksrk gS ftlls jksxh viuk lkekU; thou th ldsA
rc fdlh mi;qDr nkrk dh ryk'k 'kq: gksrh gS D;ksafd izfrjksi.k gsrq gj fdlh nkrk ds vax dks ugha fy;k tk ldrk
vFkkZr~ fdlh Hkh lzksr& i'kq] vU; izkbesV ;k fdlh Hkh ekuo dk fujksi (MªkÝV) ugha yxk;k tk ldrk D;ksafd ;s
nsj&lcsj udkj fn;s tk,axsA dksbZ Hkh fujksi vFkkZr~ izfrjksi ysus ls igys Ård&feyku vkSj jDr&feyku vR;ko';d gksrk
gS vkSj blds ckn Hkh jksxh dks vius 'ks"k thou gsrq izfrj{kk&fujksèkd (Immunosuppressant) ysus iM+rs gSaA gekjk
'kjhj ^Lo;a* eas ,oa îj* esa Hksn djus eas l{ke gksrk gS vkSj dksf'kdk ekfè;r izfrj{kk vuqfØ;k fujksi dks vLohÑr djus
gsrq mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSA
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lfØ; izfrj{kk (Active Immunity) fuf"Ø; izfrj{kk (Passive Immunity)
zztc ijiks"kh izfrtuksa (,aVhtsal) dk lkeuk djrk gS rks zztc 'kjhj dh j{kk ds fy;s cuk, izfrj{kh lhèks gh 'kjhj
mlds 'kjhj esa izfrj{kh mRiUu gksrs gSA izfrtu] thfor dks fn;s tkrs gS rks bls fuf"Ø; izfrj{kk dgk tkrk gSA
;k e`r jksxk.kq ;k vU; izksVhuksa ds :i eas gks ldrs gSA zzmnkgj.k ds fy;s nqXèklzo.k (Lactation) ds izkjafHkd
bl izdkj dh izfrj{kk dks lfØ; izfrj{kk dgk tkrk gSA fnuksa ds nkSjku eka }kjk L=kkfor ihys ls rjy îh;w"k*
zz;g izfrj{kk èkheh gksrh gS rFkk viuh iqjh izHkko'kkyh (Colostrum) eas izfrjf{k;ksa (IgA) dh izpjq rk gksrh gS tks
vuqfØ;k dks iznf'kZr djus eas le; ysrh gSA f'k'kq dh j{kk djrk gSA lxHkZrk (Pregnacy) ds nkSjku
zzizfrj{khdj.k ds nkSjku tkucq>dj jksxk.kqvksa dk Vhdk Hkzw.k dks Hkh IySlsaVk }kjk ek¡ ls dqN izfrj{kh feyrs gSA
nsuk vFkok izkÑfrd laØe.k ds nkSjku laØked thoksa
dk 'kjhj esa igq¡puk lfØ; izfrj{kk dks izsfjr djrk gSA
Vhch gkjsxk ns'k thrsxk vfHk;ku (TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign)
dsanzh; LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kh }kjk o"kZ 2022 rd ns'k Hkj esa {k;jksx vFkok V~;wcjDywfll (TB) ns[kHkky
lsokvksa dh igq¡p esa lqèkkj rFkk foLrkj djus gsrq ^TB gkjsxk ns'k thrsxk vfHk;ku* dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gSA bl vfHk;ku
ds rhu LraHk gS&
zzuSnkfud n`f"Vdks.k zzlfØ; lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh
zzlkoZtfud LokLF; ?kVd
bl vfHk;ku ds vU; lgk;d rÙoksa esa jksxh lgk;rk rFkk lHkh Lrjksa ij jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud izfrc¼rk] futh
{ks=k dh layXurk vkfn Hkh lfEefyr gSA ljdkj ;g lqfuf'pr djsxh fd futh ;k lkoZtfud vLirkyksa esa lHkh jksfx;ksa
dks fu%'kqYd rFkk mPp xq.koÙkk;qDr TB ns[kHkky dh lqfoèkk izkIr gksA
dksjksuk ok;jl (Coronavirus)

zzphu ds oqgku 'kgj esa dksjksukok;jl dh otg ls dbZ O;fÙkQ;ksa dh e`R;q gks pqdh gSA
zzphu ls ckgj Hkh dbZ ns'kksa (vesfjdk] :l) esa bl ok;jl ds laØe.k ds dkj.k WHO }kjk varjkZ"Vªh; LokLF;
vkikrdky (International Health Emergency) ?kksf"kr djus ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzphu ds eè; esa fLFkr gqcsbZ çkar dksjksukok;jl ls lcls t~;knk çHkkfor {ks=kksa esa ls gSA
zzWHO us vkus okys le; esa dksjksukok;jl ls laØfer ekeyksa ds c<+us dh psrkouh nh gSA
dSls gqbZ igpku\

zz31 fnlacj] 2019 dks phu ds gqcsbZ çkar ds oqgku 'kgj esa fueksfu;k ds dbZ ekeys ik, tkus ij ;g WHO ds
laKku esa vk;kA
zztk¡p ds nkSjku orZeku ok;jl dk fdlh Hkh Kkr ok;jl ls esy ugha gqvkA
zzblus ,d xaHkhj leL;k dks tUe fn;k D;ksafd tc dksbZ ok;jl u;k gksrk gS rks mlds ckjs esa ;g tkudkjh ugha gksrh
fd ;g yksxksa dks dSls çHkkfor djsxkA
zzyxHkx ,d lIrkg ckn 7 tuojh dks phuh vfèkdkfj;ksa us iqf"V dh fd mUgksaus ,d u, ok;jl dh igpku dh gSA
zzbl u, ok;jl dks dksjksukok;jl uke fn;k x;k tks SARS vkSj MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
tSls ok;jl ds leku gSA
zzbl u, ok;jl dks vLFkk;h :i ls ^2019&nCoV* uke fn;k x;kA

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D;k gS dksjksukok;jl\
zzdksjksukok;jl] ,d fof'k"V ok;jl iQSfeyh ls lacafèkr gSA bl ok;jl iQSfeyh esa dqN ok;jl lkekU; jksxksa tSls&
lnhZ] tqdke vkSj dqN xaHkhj jksxksa tSls 'olu ,oa vk¡r ds jksxksa dk dkj.k curs gSaA
zzdksjksukok;jl dh lrg ij Økmu (Crown) tSls dbZ mHkkj gksrs gSa] bUgsa ekbØksLdksi esa ns•us ij lkSj dksjksuk tSls
fn•rs gSaA blfy;s bldk uke ^dksjksukok;jl* gSA dksjksukok;jl lkekU;r% fuEufyf•r pkj çdkj ds gksrs gSa&
229E vYiQk dksjksukok;jl (Alpha Coronavirus)
NL63 vYiQk dksjksukok;jl (Alpha Coronavirus)
OC43 chVk dksjksukok;jl (Beta Coronavirus)
HKU1 chVk dksjksukok;jl (Beta Coronavirus)
pkj lkekU; dksjksukok;jl ds vfrfjÙkQ fuEufyf•r nks fof'k"V dksjksukok;jl gksrs gSa&
zzdksjksukok;jl& fefMy bZLV jsfLijsVjh flaMªkse (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-MERS)
zzdksjksukok;jl& lhfo;j ,D;wV jsfLijsVjh flaMªkse (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- SARS)
zzdksjksukok;jl fefMy bZLV jsfLijsVjh flaMªkse (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome- MERS CoV)
zzigyh ckj MERS Cov dk laØe.k o"kZ 2012 esa lÅnh vjc esa ns•k x;k FkkA bl dkj.k bl ok;jl dks fefMy
bZLV jsfLijsVjh flaMªkse dksjksukok;jl (MERS CoV) dgk tkrk gSA
zzMERS Cov ls çHkkfor vfèkdrj jksfx;ksa esa cq•kj] tqdke vkSj 'olu leL;k,¡ mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA
lhfo;j ,D;wV jsfLijsVjh flaMªkse dksjksukok;jl (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- SARS CoV):
zzSARS CoV ls igyh ckj o"kZ 2002 esa nf{k.k phu ds XokaxMksax çkar (Guangdong Province) esa ekuo esa laØe.k
ik;k x;kA
zzSARS CoV ls çHkkfor vfèkdrj jksfx;ksa esa bUÝyw,atk] cq•kj] ?kcjkgV] okr&jksx] fljnnZ] nLr] daiu tSlh leL;k,¡
ikbZ tkrh gSaA

130
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ok;jl ds y{k.k
zzWHO ds vuqlkj] bl ok;jl ds lkekU; y{k.kksa esa cq•kj] •k¡lh vkSj lk¡l dh rdyhiQ tSlh 'kkjhfjd leL;k,¡
'kkfey gSaA
zzogha xaHkhj laØe.k esa fueksfu;k] fdMuh dk iQsy gksuk 'kkfey gS ftlls euq"; dh e`R;q rd gks ldrh gSA
WHO }kjk lanfHkZr laØe.k jksdus gsrq mik;%

zzvYdksgy&vkèkkfjr lkcqu vkSj ikuh dk mi;ksx djds gkFk lkiQ djukA
zz•k¡lrs ;k Nhadrs le; eq¡g vkSj ukd dks <dukA
zzcq•kj vkSj •k¡lh ls çHkkfor fdlh Hkh O;fÙkQ ds fudV laidZ ls cpukA
zz;fn cq•kj] •kalh vkSj lk¡l ysus esa dfBukbZ gks jgh gS rks tYnh ls fpfdfRld ls laidZ djuk vkSj vius LokLF;
lsok çnkrk ds lkFk fiNyh ;k=kk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh lk>k djukA
zzcktkj esa Hkze.k djrs le; orZeku esa dksjksuksok;jl ds ekeyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gS] blfy;s tkuojksa ds
laidZ vkSj laØfer lrgksa ds lkFk lhèks vlqjf{kr laidZ ls cpukA
zzdPps ;k vèkids i'kq mRiknksa ds lsou ls cpukA
zzphu D;ksa gS ok;jl ds çfr vfr laosnu'khy\
zz,sls LFkku tgk¡ euq";ksa vkSj tkuojksa esa vfu;fer jÙkQ vkSj vU; 'kkjhfjd laidZ tSlk lacaèk LFkkfir gksrk gS] ogk¡
ij bl ok;jl dk vfèkd çlkj gksrk gSA
zzphu ds i'kq cktkj ,sls gh LFkyksa ds mnkgj.k gSa tgk¡ tkuojksa ls euq";ksa esa ok;jl ds lapj.k dh vfèkd laHkkouk gSA
zzphu ds cktkjksa esa dbZ tkuojksa dk ek¡l fcdus ds dkj.k ;s cktkj ekuo esa ok;jl dh çkf;drk dks c<+k nsrs gSaA
zztc ,d cM+k ekuo leqnk; bl ok;jl ds lapj.k Jà•yk esa 'kkfey gks tkrk gS rks mRifjorZu (Mutation) dh
fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh gS tks fd ekuo leqnk; ds fy;s ?kkrd fl¼ gksrh gSA
zznqfu;k ds i'kqèku dh yxHkx 1.4 fcfy;u (50%) vkcknh ds lkFk phu dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dks dksjksukok;jl lacaèkh
chekfj;ksa dk •rjk gS tks phu vkSj nqfu;k ds ckdh fgLlksa esa •rjk iSnk dj ldrh gSA
dksjksukok;jl jksdFkke& lkcqu vkSj lSfuVkbtj
zzlkcqu vkSj ikuh ls gkFk èkksuk vFkok vYdksgy vkèkkfjr lSfuVkbtj (Alcohol-Based Sanitizer) dk mi;ksx djuk
dksjksukok;jl (COVID-19) ds jksdFkke gsrq dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ lkfcr gks ldrk gSA fdarq tSls&tSls dksjksukok;jl dk
çlkj gksrk tk jgk gS oSls&oSls vYdksgy vkèkkfjr lSfuVkbtj dh ekax Hkh c<+rh tk jgh gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzfo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj] ok;jl dks •Re djus ds fy;s vko';d gS fd 70 ls 80 çfr'kr vYdksgkWy dh ek=kk okys
lSfuVkbtj dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg;sA
zzok;jl dks •Re djus esa vYdksgy&vkèkkfjr lSfuVkbtj dh Hkwfedk Hkh lkekU; lkcqu ds leku gh gSA è;krO; gS
fd lSfuVkbtj dh lhfer miyCèkrk ds dkj.k COVID-19 ds fo#¼ tax esa lkekU; lkcqu lcls cM+s gfFk;kj ds
:i esa lkeus vk;k gSA
zz'kksèk ds vuqlkj] dksjksukok;jl (COVID-19) esa ,d fyfiM ,uoyi (Lipid Envelope) vkSj ,d viektZd æO;
(Detergent) gksus ds dkj.k lkekU; lkcqu rFkk lSfuVkbtj esa bl fyfiM ,uoyi dks lekIr djus dh {kerk gksrh gSA
zzdksjksukok;jl dsoy dksf'kdkvksa ds vanj gh çfrÑr (Replicate) gks ldrs gSa] fdarq dbZ vè;;uksa ls ;g lkeus
vk;k gS fd ;g ok;jl lrg ij Hkh yacs le; rd thfor jg ldrk gSA
zz,slh fLFkfr esa lkekU; lkcqu vkSj vYdksgy&vkèkkfjr lSfuVkbtj dh Hkwfedk dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ gks tkrh gS] D;ksafd
;s lrg ij ekStwn ok;jl dks lekIr djus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA
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dksjksukok;jl dk LVªDpj
zz;w-,l- us'kuy bafLVVÔwV vkWiQ gsYFk (US National Institutes of Health) ds vuqlkj] vU; dksjksukok;jl dh rjg]
SARS-CoV-2 ds d.k Hkh xksykdkj gksrs gSa vkSj buesa çksVhu gksrs gSa ftUgsa LikbDl dgk tkrk gSA
zzSARS-CoV-2 ml ok;jl dk uke gS ftlds dkj.k dksbZ O;fÙkQ COVID-19 ls çHkkfor gksrk gSA
zz;s Likbd ekuo dksf'kdkvksa esa ços'k djrs gSa] ftlds i'pkr~ buesa lajpukRed ifjorZu gksrs gSa tks ok;jl dh
f>Yyh (Virus Membrane) dks dksf'kdk dh f>Yyh (Cell Membrane) ds lkFk ,d:i djus esa enn djrk gSA
dksjksukok;jl
zzCOVID-19 ok;jl ekStwnk le; esa Hkkjr lesr nqfu;k Hkj esa LokLF; vkSj thou ds fy;s xaHkhj pqukSrh cuk gSA
vc laiw.kZ fo'o esa bldk çHkko Li"V rkSj ij fn•us yxk gSA
zzWHO ds vuqlkj] COVID-19 esa CO dk rkRi;Z dksjksuk ls gS] tcfd VI fo"kk.kq dks] D chekjh dks rFkk la[;k
19 o"kZ 2019 (chekjh ds irk pyus dk o"kZ) dks fpfÉr djrk gSA
zzdksjksukok;jl (COVID -19) dk çdksi rc lkeus vk;k tc 31 fnlacj] 2019 dks phu ds gqcsbZ çkar ds oqgku 'kgj
esa vKkr dkj.k ls fueksfu;k ds ekeyksa esa gqbZ vR;fèkd o`f¼ ds dkj.k fo'o LokLF; laxBu dks lwfpr fd;k x;kA
zzè;krO; gS fd bl •rjukd ok;jl ds dkj.k phu esa vc rd 75000 yksxksa dh e`R;q gks pqdh gS vkSj ;g ok;jl
èkhjs&èkhjs laiw.kZ fo'o esa iQSy x;k gSA

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garkok;jl (Hantavirus)
lsaVj iQkWj fM”kht daVªksy ,aM fizosa'ku (Center for Disease control and Prevention) ds vuqlkj] gark ok;jl ewy
:i ls ew"kdksa (Rodents) ls iSQyrk gSA 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ O;fDr izR;{k :i ls ew"kdksa ds ew=k] ey vkSj
ykj ds laidZ esa vkrk gS] rks ;g ok;jl ew"kdksa ls euq";ksa esa iSQy tkrk gSA gkyk¡fd vkerkSj ij garkok;jl ,d O;fDr
ls nwljs O;fDr esa izlkfjr ugha gksrk gSA 'kksèkdÙkkvksa ds vuqlkj] garkok;jl ds laØe.k ds y{k.k lkeus vkus esa ,d ls
vkB gÝrksa dk le; yx ldrk gSaA bl ok;jl ds laidZ esa vkus ls yksxksa dks garkok;jl iYeksujh flaMªkse (Hantavirus
Pulmonary Syndrome- HPS) vkSj gseksjsftd iQhoj fon jhuy flaMªkse (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
-HFRS) gks ldrs gSA
y{k.k
zzFkdku] cq[kkj] ekalisf'k;ksa eas nnZ] fljnnZ] pDdj vkuk] BaM yxuk vkSj isV nnZ HPS ds 'kq:vkrh y{k.k gSA
zzxaHkhj laØe.k esa [kk¡lh vkSj lk¡l dh rdyhiQ tSlh 'kkjhfjd leL;k,¡ gks ldrh gSA
zzlsaVj iQkWj fM”kht daVªksy ,aM fizosa'ku ds vuqlkj] ;g ok;jl dkiQh [krjukd gks ldrk gS] D;kasfd blesa e`R;q nj
yxHkx 38 izfr'kr gSa]
zzblds vykok HFRS esa Hkh HPS ds leku gh y{k.k gksrs gSa] fdarq blesa dqN xaHkhj leL;k,¡ tSls fuEu jDrpki]
rhoz vk?kkr vkSj fdM+uh isQy vkfn Hkh gks ldrh gSA
dqN yksx garkok;jl dks ,d u, ok;jl ds :i esa ns[k jgs gSa] fdarq ;g u;k ok;jl ugha gSaA garkok;jl dks igyh
ckj 1950 ds n'kd dh 'kq:vkr esa ,d laØked chekjh ds :i esa [kkst x;k FkkA tc dksfj;k esa rSukr 3,000 la;qDr
jk"Vª ds lSfudksa dh ,d jgL;e; chekjh ds dkj.k e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA gkykafd garkok;jl ekStwnk fLFkfr eas pqukSrhiw.kZ gSA
D;ksafd blds y{k.k dksjksukok;jl] uheksfu;k rFkk Ýyw ds leku gh gSA
fuikg ok;jl (Nipah Virus)

zzgky gh esa Hkkjr ds nf{k.kh jkT; dsjy esa fuikg ok;jl (Nipah Virus – NiV) ds laØe.k dh iqf"V dh xbZA
zzbl ok;jl dh iqf"V dsjy ds dksf>dksM f”kys esa dh xbZA
zzdsaæh; LokLF; ea=kky; us bl ok;jl ls lacafèkr leL;kvksa dks ns•rs gq, gkbZ vyVZ dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh vkSj ns'k ds
dbZ jkT;ksa esa laØe.k ls cpus gsrq ijke'kZ&i=k Hkh tkjh fd;kA
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eq[; fcanq
zz;g ok;jl i'kqvksa rFkk euq";ksa nksuksa ds fy;s tkuysok gSA
zzbafM;u esfMdy ,lksfl,'ku }kjk bl laØe.k ds fo"k; esa i;kZIr vkSj lVhd tkudkjh miyCèk djkus vkSj çHkkoh
rjhds ls tk¡p&iM+rky djus ds fy;s ,d lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;kA
zzbl ok;jl dk laØe.k pexknM+ksa }kjk •k, x, iQyksa dh otg ls euq";ksa rFkk i'kqvksa esa iQSyrk gSA
i`"BHkwfe
zzloZçFke bl ok;jl dh igpku o"kZ 1998–99 ds nkSjku eysf'k;k ,oa flaxkiqj esa dh xbZ FkhA
zzeysf'k;k ds fuikg xk¡o esa loZçFke bl ok;jl dh iqf"V dh xbZ FkhA
zzfuikg xk¡o ds uke ij gh bl ok;jl dk uke fuikg j•k x;k FkkA
fuikg ok;jl ds fo"k; esa

zz;g ok;jl jkbcks U;wfDyd ,flM (RNA) ok;jl dk ,d çdkj gSA
zzbls NiV ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
zzpexknM+ bl ok;jl ds laØe.k dk eq[; okgd gksrk gSA
zz;g ok;jl tkuojksa ls balkuksa esa rFkk balkuksa&ls&balkuksa esa vklkuh ls iQSyus esa l{ke gSA
zzok;q ls bl ok;jl ds laØe.k dk •rjk ugha ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
y{k.k
zzbl ok;jl ls laØfer O;fDr dks rs”k cq•kj gksrk gSA
zzblds vykok bl ok;jl ds laØe.k ds dkj.k O;fDr dks lk¡l ysus esa fnDdr gks tkrh gSA
zzbl ok;jl ls laØfer O;fDr esa dqN vU; çdkj dh leL;k,¡ Hkh mRiUu gksrh gSa] tSls& flj nnZ] lqLrh] fn'kk
Hkze vkfnA
WHO ds vuqlkj
zzfuikg ok;jl ,d xaHkhj i'kqtU; jksx gS] tks eq[; :i ls euq"; rFkk tkuoj nksuksa dks çHkkfor djrk gSA
zzçkÑfrd :i esa bl ok;jl dk ewy okgd ÚwV cSV gksrk gS] tks Vsjksil oa'k (Pteropus genus ) ds VsjksiksMhMh
oxZ (Pteropodidae Family) dk lnL; gSA
zzbl ok;jl dks WHO }kjk fo'o i'kq LokLF; laxBu (World Organization for Animal Health) esa lwphc¼
fd;k x;k gSA
Lokbu Ýyw (Swine Flu)

Lokbu Ýyw baÝyq,atk fo"kk.kqvksa ds fofHkUu izdkjksa esa ls ,d H1N1 fo"kk.kq ds izHkko ls gksrk gSA ;g fo"kk.kq eq[;r%
lwvj esa ik;k tkrk gSA lwvjksa ls euq"; esa bl fo"kk.kq dk laØe.k vklkuh ls ugha gksrk gSA ;fn blds laØe.k ls ekuo
Ýyw (Human flu) gksrk gS rks bls twuksfVd Lokbu Ýyw (Zoonotic Swine Flu) dgrs gSaA
Lokbu Ýyw ds y{k.k baÝyq,atk laØe.k ds leku gSaA izk;% blesa cq[kkj] [kk¡lh] Fkdku] flj nnZ ds y{k.k fn[krs gSaA
;fn fu;fer :i esa 102.5° iQkWjsugkbV Toj jgrk gS rks Lokbu Ýyw dh laHkkouk curh gSA vHkh rd bl jksx dk izHkkoh
Vhdk ugha [kkstk tk ldk gSA bl ij vHkh 'kksèk py jgk gSA
mipkj (Treatment)% bl jksx ls fuiVus ds fy;s Veh Ýyw uked nok dk fodkl fd;k x;kA Hkkjr us o"kZ 2010
esa izFke Lons'kh izfr baÝyw,atk Vhds dk fodkl fd;kA bldk uke j[kk x;k& oSDlhÝyw S. ;g vaMk vkèkkfjr ,d vfØ;
Vhdk gSA bldk mi;ksx 18&60 vk;q oxZ ds yksxksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
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cMZ Ýyw (Bird Flu)
cMZ Ýyw ;kfu fpfM+;ksa dks gksus okyh chekjhA blds ok;jl eqxhZ ds tfj;s euq";ksa rd Hkh igq¡p ldrs gSaA ;s chekjh
bruh [krjukd gS fd dHkh Hkh egkekjh dk :i ys ldrh gSA bldk dkj.k H5N1 ok;jl gS] tks if{k;ksa esa gksrk gS vkSj
if{k;ksa ls gksrs gq, blds ok;jl vklkuh ls euq"; ds 'kjhj esa izos'k dj ldrs gSaA bl ok;jl ds dkj.k iQsiQM+ksa esa
laØe.k gks tkrk gS vkSj lkal ysus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; ds varxZr i'kqikyu] Ms;jh
vkSj eRL; foHkkx us 5 flracj] 2016 ls Hkkjr dks cMZ Ýyw (,fo;u bUÝyq,atk & H5N1) ls eqDr ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gSA
tkikuh balsisQykbfVl (Japanese Encephalitis)

;g ,d fo"kk.kq tfur jksx gSA eq[;r% le'khrks".k vkSj m".kdfVcaèkh; ,f'k;k esa bldk izlkj ns[kk x;k gSA bl jksx
ds okgd D;wysDl ePNj gSaA ;s ePNj eq[;r% èkku ds [ksr esa ,oa lwvj iQkeZ ds vkl&ikl ik, tkrs gSaA ;g fo"kk.kq
euq";] ikyrw tkuoj] lk¡i vkfn dks nq"izHkkfor dj ldrk gSA
bl jksx ds izkjafHkd y{k.k gksrs gSa& cq[kkj] BaM yxuk] Fkdku] flj nnZ] tqdke] mYVhA bls fnekxh cq[kkj dh laKk
Hkh nh tkrh gSA bl jksx dk loZizFke mn~xe tkiku esa gqvk Fkk] blh dkj.k bls tkiuh balsiQsykbfVl dgk tkrk gSA
mipkj (Treatment)% orZeku esa Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk vuqlaèkku ifj"kn ds usr`Ro esa Hkkjr ck;ksVsd tkikuh balsisQykbfVl
ds mipkj ds fy;s Lons'kh Vhdk rS;kj dj jgk gSA tkikuh balsiQsykbfVl ls yM+us ds fy;s bft;kjks (Ixiaro) uked ,d
Vhds dk fodkl Hkh fd;k x;k gS] ijarq bl Vhds ds vkSj vfèkd vè;;u dh vko';drk gSA
ySiQksfju jksx (Laforin Disease)
zz;g efLr"d ls lacafèkr chekjh gksrh gSA blesa cgqr rs”k ,oa ckj&ckj nkSjs iM+rs gSa lkFk gh ;knnkLr Hkh de”kksj
gksus yxrh gSA
zzbl jksx dk vlj 10 ls 12 lky dh mez eas 'kq: gksrk gS] blds ckn jksxh dh ekufld {kerk >h.k gksrh tkrh
gSA vfèkdrj ekeyksa esa bl jksx ls xzLr gksus ds 10 lky ds Hkhrj ejht dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA
zz^ySiQksfju* uked chekjh gksus dk eq[; dkj.k vlkekU; :i ls ,d=k XykbZdkstsu gSA ;g jksxh ds fnekx vkSj
'kjhj ds vU; fgLlksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA
zzySiQksfju ckWMht dk ,d=k gksuk U;wjkWUl (ra=k dksf'kdk) vkSj vU; dksf'kdkvksa ds fy;s csgn gkfudkjd gksrk gS
D;ksafd U;wwjkWUl efLr"d ls iwjs 'kjhj esa lans'k Hkstus vkSj 'kkjhfjd fØ;kvksa dks fu;af=kr djus dk dke djrs gSaA
zzvfèkdrj ekeyksa esa ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ;g jksx EPM2A ;k fiQj NHLRC1 thu esa ls fdlh ,d dh dksfMax
esa xM+cM+h gksus ls gskrk gSA ;g thu U;wjkWUl dks thfor j[kus esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku djrk gSA
zzbu nksuksa thu ls cuus okys izksVhu ySiQksfju vkSj XykbZdkstsu eSfyu ds fuekZ.k dks fu;af=kr djrs gSA
zzXykbZdkstsu] dksf'kdkvksa esa laxzfgr ÅtkZ dk egÙoiw.kZ lzksr gksrk gSA ,sls esa tc dksf'kdkvksa dks ÅtkZ dh vko';drk
gksrh gS] rks os XykbZdkstsu dks rksM+dj ÅtkZ izkIr djrh gSA
LokLF; uhfr;k¡ ,oa dk;ZØe (Policies and Programmes on Health)

uhfr vk;ksx us tkjh fd;k igyk jk"Vªh; LokLF; lwpdkad% LoLFk jkT;] izxfr'khy Hkkjr
uhfr vk;ksx us 9 iQjojh] 2018 dks ns'k dh igyh O;kid LokLF; lwpdkad fjiksVZ tkjh dh] tks fo'o esa viuh
rjg dh igyh fjiksVZ gSA ^LoLFk jkT;] izxfr'khy Hkkjr* 'kh"kZd ls tkjh bl fjiksVZ ls fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa LokLF; {ks=k dh
fLFkfr rFkk izxfr dk vkdyu djus esa lgk;rk feysxhA
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u, Hkkjr dh ubZ LokLF; pqukSfr;k¡
bl lwpdkad esa LokLF; ls tqM+s dqN u, tksf[keksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA vkt ns'k esa gksus okyh dqy ekSrksa
esa ls yxHkx 62% dh o”kg xSj&lapkjh jksx gSa vFkkZr~ ns'k esa jksxksa dk ifjn`'; rs”kh ls cny jgk gSA laØked jksx cM+s
iSekus ij yksxksa dks viuk f'kdkj cuk jgs gSaA ekufld jksx Hkh rs”kh ls vius iSj ilkj jgs gSaA foÙkh; tksf[ke lqj{kk dks
Hkh blesa 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA LokLF; jkT;ksa dk fo"k; gS vkSj ;fn bl ekspsZ ij mudk izn'kZu vPNk ugha gksxk
rks dsanz dks izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa dks izHkkoh rjhds ls ykxw djok ikus eas dfBukbZ gksxhA
jkT;ksa dk ewY;kadu bu nks vkèkkjksa ij fd;k x;k&
LokLF; {ks=k esa lexz izn'kZu% LokLF; {ks=k esa fdlh jkT; dh orZeku fLFkfrA
okf"kZd Lrj ij lokZfèkd izxfr% fiNys dqN o"kks± esa LokLF; {ks=k esa fdlh jkT; dh izxfr dh jÝrkjA
LoLFk jkT;] izxfr'kkyh Hkkjr
uhfr vk;ksx us vius bl O;kid LokLF; lwpdkad fjiksVZ dk 'kh"kZd ^LoLFk jkT;] izxfr'khy Hkkjr* (Healthy States,
Progresive India) uke fn;kA
bl lwpdkad esa LokLF; {ks=k esa okf"kZd izxfr rFkk ,d&nwljs dh rqyuk esa lexz izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij jkT;ksa vkSj
dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dks fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa esa j[kk x;kA
jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dks cM+s&NksVs rFkk dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa j[kk x;k] rkfd ,d leku jkT;ksa
vkSj dasnz'kkflr izns'kksa ds chp dfBukbZ u gksA
lwpdkad ds izeq[k LokLF; ekud
;g lwpdkad 28 izeq[k LokLF; ekudksa vkSj vU; LokLF; O;oLFkk o lsokvksa dh fMyhojh ds lwpdksa ds vkèkkj
ij rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
blesa uotkr e`R;q nj (,u,evkj)] 5 lky rd dh e`R;q nj] dqy tUe nj] tUe ds le; fyaxkuqikr] {k; jksx
ds ekeyksa dh dqy nj] laLFkkxr fMyhojh dh fgLlsnkjh] ,pvkbZoh ejh”kksa dk vuqikr] izeq[k lfpo LokLF;] fe'ku
Mk;jsDVj (jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku)] funs'kd (LokLF; lsok,¡) ds in ij fu;qfDr vkfn izeq[k gSaA
lwpdkad ds ifj.kke LokLF; izcaèku lwpuk iz.kkyh] jk"Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; losZ&4, LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ds
vk¡dM+s] fofHkUu jkT;ksa dh fjiksVZ vkSj jkT;ksa o vU; lzksrksa ls feyh tkudkjh ds vkèkkj ij fudkys x, gSaA
LokLF; lwpdkad fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ftu jkT; vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa fodkl dh 'kq#vkr fupys Lrj ls gqbZ]
mUgsa mPp LokLF; lwpdkad okys jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa ”;knk rs”kh ls izxfr djus dk ykHk feykA
tSls fd dsjy] tgk¡ lexz izn'kZu ds ekeys eas 'kh"kZ ij jgk] ogha nwljh vksj vU; jkT;ksa esa bldh izxfr dh jÝrkj
èkheh iM+ pqdh gS] D;ksafd ogk¡ uotkr f'k'kq e`R;q nj] 5 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds f'k'kqvksa dh e`R;q nj vkSj fjIyslesaV
vkèkkfjr iQfVZfyVh dh nj igys ls gh dkiQh ?kV pqdh gS] ftlls blesa vkSj lqèkkj dh laHkkouk,¡ lhfer gks xbZ gSaA
fjiksVZ dh izxfr'khyrk ds ekidksa ls irk pyrk gS fd 2015 dh rqyuk esa 2016 esa yxHkx ,d frgkbZ jkT;ksa ds
izn'kZu esa fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Mksesu yf{kr gLr{ksiksa dks vkxs c<+kus dh vko';drk ij ”kksj fn;k
x;k gSA
vfèkdka'k jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds fy;s vke pqukSfr;ksa esa deZpkfj;ksa ds inksa dks Hkjuk] ftyksa esa ân; jksxksa
ds mipkj ds fy;s vyx bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk] lkoZtfud LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa dh xq.koÙkk] ekU;rk vkSj ekuo lalkèku
lwpuk iz.kkyh dks lqfu;ksftr djuk 'kkfey gSA blds vfrfjDr yxHkx lHkh cM+s jkT;ksa dks tUe ds le; fyax vuqikr
esa lqèkkj djus ij è;ku nsus dh ”k:jr Hkh crkbZ xbZ gSA
LokLF; {ks=k ds lanHkZ esa MsVk iz.kkyh dks csgrj cukus] lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds fy;s budh vkofèkd
miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djus vkSj futh {ks=k dh lsokvksa ds iw.kZ forj.k esa lqèkkj dh rRdky vko';drk trkbZ xbZ gSA
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dSls cuk;k x;k ;g lwpdkad\
;g lwpdkad LokLF; {ks=k eas ns'k ds izn'kZu dks fofoèkrk rFkk tfVyrk ds vkèkkj ij okf"kZd Lrj ij vk¡dus ds
fy;s ,d O;ofLFkr i¼fr fodflr djus dk iz;kl gSA
uhfr vk;ksx dh vksj ls ;g lwpdkad LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; ds lkFk ijke'kZ rFkk fo'o cSad ds
rduhdh lg;ksx ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku ds varxZr fn;s tkus okys izksRlkgu ls bl lwpdkad
dks tksM+k tkuk blds egÙo dks js[kkafdr djrk gSA
;g ,d lexz LokLF; lwpdkad gS] tks cM+s jkT;ksa ds fy;s rhu fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa (Domain) ds rhu ladsrdksa&&1.
LokLF; ifj.kke&dqy ekud&(75%), 2. 'kklu vkSj lwpuk&dqy 3 ekud 3. izeq[k vkxr vkSj izfØ;k,¡ dqy 11 ekud
(17.5%) ij vkèkkfjr gSA
blesa izR;sd Js.kh dk fuèkkZj.k mlds egÙo ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k vkSj blds ckn ,d ekud lwpdkad dk
izkoèkku fd;k x;k] ftlesa miyfCèk;ksa ds vkèkkj ij 'kwU; ls 100 rd vad fn;s x,A
uotkr e`R;q nj vkSj e`R;q nj tSls LokLF; ladsrdksa ds o"kZ 2015-16 ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij bl lwpdkad esa
21 cM+s jkT;ksa] 8 NksVs jkT;ksa vkSj 7 dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh rhu vyx&vyx Jsf.k;ksa esa jSafdax dh xbZA
lwpdkad dks csgrj cukus dh izfØ;k esa jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa] jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; {ks=k ds fo'ks"kKksa vkSj
fodkl Hkkxhnkjksa ls feys lq>ko 'kkfey fd;s x,A
jkT;ksa vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa }kjk miyCèk djk, x, vk¡dM+ksa dh tk¡p ,d Lora=k ekU;rk izkIr ,tsalh }kjk djkbZ
xbZ Fkh] ftlds ckn osc iksVZy ij lwpdkad ewY; vkSj Jsf.k;k¡ cukbZ xb±A
LokLF; pw¡fd jkT;ksa dk fo"k; gS] blfy;s uhfr vk;ksx us jkT;ksa ds chp LokLF; dks ysdj tkx:drk] f”kEesnkjh
vkSj ijLij izfr;ksfxrk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s yxHkx Ms<+ lky rd dke fd;k vkSj muds fy;s jSafdax tkjh dhA
dkSu lk jkT; dgk¡ jgk\
cM+s jkT;ksa esa uotkr e`R;q nj ds ekeys esa dsjy] iatkc vkSj rfeyukMq 'kh"kZ rhu LFkkuksa ij jgs rFkk mÙkj izns'k]
eè; izns'k vkSj vksfM'kk lcls de”kksj rhu jkT;ksa esa jgsA
ik¡p o"kZ ls de vk;q esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj ds ekeys esa dsjy] rfeyukMq vkSj egkjk"Vª 'kh"kZ rhu LFkkuksa ij jgs rFkk
vksfM'kk] vle vkSj eè; izns'k lcls de”kksj rhu jkT;ksa esa jgsA
tUe ds le; de o”ku okys f'k'kqvksa ds ekeys esa ef.kiqj] uxkySaM vkSj fe”kksje 'kh"kZ rhu LFkkukas ij jgs rFkk
nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh] jktLFkku] neu vkSj nho rFkk vksfM'kk lcls de”kksj jkT;ksa esa jgsA
fyaxkuqikr ds ekeys esa rhu cM+s jkT;ksa esa dsjy] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj if'pe caxky 'kh"kZ rhu LFkkuksa ij jgs rFkk xqtjkr]
mÙkjk[kaM vkSj gfj;k.kk lcls de”kksj rhu jkT;ksa esa jgsA
laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k ds ekeys esa tEew&d'ehj] fe”kksje vkSj vaMeku fudksckj us 'kr&izfr'kr y{; gkfly fd;k]
tcfd nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh] eè; izns'k vkSj uxkySaM lcls de”kksj jkT;ksa esa jgsA
laLFkkxr izlo ds ekeys esa cM+s jkT;ksa esa xqtjkr] dsjy vkSj vkaèkz izns'k dk vuqikr lcls csgrj gS] tcfd mÙkjk[kaM]
fcgkj vkSj mÙkj izns'k lcls de”kksj jkT; gSaA NksVs jkT;ksa esa fe”kksje] f=kiqjk vkSj xksok csgrj gSa rks es?kky;] uxkySaM vkSj
v#.kkpy izns'k lcls de”kksj jkT;ksa esa jgsA dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa paMhx<+ vkSj iqn~nqpsjh us 'kr&izfr'kr y{; izkIr fd;k gSA
cM+s jkT;ksa esa lexz izn'kZu ds ekeys esa dsjy] iatkc vkSj rfeyukMq 'kh"kZ rhu LFkkuksa ij gSaA 76.55 vadksa ds lkFk
cM+s jkT;ksa esa dsjy dk izn'kZu loZJs"B jgk] tcfd 33.69 vadksa ds lkFk mÙkj izns'k dh lsgr lcls cngky jghA
izn'kZu rs”kh ls lqèkkjus dh izxfr ds ekeys esa cM+s jkT;ksa esa >kj[kaM (6.87 vadksa ds lqèkkj) ds lkFk lcls vkxs
jgk vkSj blds ckn tEew&d'ehj rFkk mÙkj izns'k dk LFkku jgkA
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vkèkkj vkSj lanHkZ o"kZ ds ifjisz{; esa >kj[kaM] tEew&d'ehj vkSj mÙkj izns'k dk izn'kZu uotkr e`R;q nj] 5 o"kZ ls
de vk;q ds f'k'kqvksa dh e`R;q nj] laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k] laLFkkxr izlo rFkk ,aVh jsVªksok;jy Fksjsih ij fuHkZj ,pvkbZoh
laØfer yksxksa ds LokLF; lqèkkj ds ekeys esa lcls vPNk jgkA lexz izn'kZu ds ekeys esa NksVs jkT;ksa esa fe”kksje (73.70
vad) dks igyk LFkku feyk gS] tcfd ef.kiqj nwljs LFkku ij gSA
okf"kZd Lrj ij izxfr ds ekeys esa ef.kiqj (7.18 vadksa dk lqèkkj) dks izFke vkSj xksok dks nwljk LFkku feykA ,aVh
jsVªksok;jy Fksjsih ij fuHkZj ,pvkbZoh laØfer yksxksa ds LokLF; lqèkkj] xHkkZoLFkk esa ns[kHkky ds fy;s iathdj.k] lkeqnkf;d
LokLF; dsanzksa dh xq.koÙkk rFkk ,dhÑr jksx fuxjkuh dk;ZØe dh csgrj fjiksfV±x rFkk jkT; Lrj ij LokLF; vfèkdkfj;ksa
dh vkSlr la[;k ds ekeys esa ef.kiqj esa lcls T;knk izxfr ns[kh xbZA
dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa LokLF; {ks=k esa lexz izn'kZu ds lkFk gh okf"kZd Lrj ij lcls vfèkd izxfr ds ekeys esa
dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa esa y{k}hi dk izn'kZu lcls vPNk jgkA laLFkkxr izlo] risfnd ds liQy mipkj vkSj LokLF; ;kstukvksa
dks ykxw djus okyh ,tsafl;ksa dks ljdkjh [ktkus ls jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku dks"k ds èku ds vkoaVu ds ekeys esa Hkh
y{k}hi us csgrj izn'kZu fd;kA y{k}hi ds 65.79 vadksa ds ckn nwljk LFkku paM+hx<+ dks feyk vkSj ns'k dh jktèkkuh
fnYyh rhljs LFkku ij jghA
lwpdkad dh ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed Jsf.k;k¡
lwpdkad dh ldkjkRed Js.kh esa mu jkT;ksa dks j[kk x;k gS] tgk¡ uotkr e`R;q nj de gS] cqfu;knh LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa
dh ljy miyCèkrk gS vkSj ekuo lalkèku dh deh ugha gSA bl Js.kh ds jkT;ksa dks muds dk;Z fu"iknu ds vkèkkj ij
vad fn;s x,A
lwpdkad dh udkjkRed Js.kh eas mu jkT;ksa dks j[kk x;k gS tgk¡ uotkr e`R;q nj vfèkd gS] ik¡p lky rd ds
cPpksa dh e`R;q nj vfèkd gS vkSj ekuo lalkèku i;kZIr ugha gSaA bl Js.kh ds jkT;ksa dks muds dk;Z fu"iknu ds vkèkkj
ij 'kwU; vad fn;s x,A
D;k ykHk gksxk bl lwpdkad ls\
bl lwpdkad ls jkT;ksa dks viuh LokLF; iz.kkfy;ksa vkSj tula[;k ds LokLF; lqèkkj y{;ksa dks izkIr djus esa n{krk
gkfly djus esa vklkuh gksxhA
LokLF; y{;ksa dh izkfIr eas xfr ykus ds fy;s lgdkfjrk vkSj izfr;ksxh la?kokn dk ykHk mBkus gsrq bl LokLF;
lwpdkad dks ,d midj.k ds :i esa fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
;g jkT;ksa ,oa dsanz'kkflr izns'kkas vkSj dsnzh; ea=kky;ksa ds fy;s okf"kZd Lrj ij y{;ksa dh izkfIr ds vkdyu gsrq ,d
^midj.k* ds :i esa dke djsxkA
lwpdkad ds okf"kZd izdk'ku vkSj lkoZtfud Mksesu ij bldh miyCèkrk lHkh fgrèkkjdksa dks lrr~ fodkl y{;ksa
ds y{; uacj&3 dh izkfIr ds fy;s pkSdl j[ksxhA
ljdkj bl lwpdkad dks dsanzh; LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; dh vksj ls jkT;ksa dks feyus okys izksRlkguksa
ls tksM+us ij fopkj dj jgh gSA
uhfr vk;ksx twu 2018 esa v|ru vka¡dM+ksa ds lkFk fjiksVZ dk nwljk fgLlk tkjh djus ij dke dj jgk gS] ftlesa
ns'k ds lHkh 730 f”kyk vLirkyksa dks jSafdax iznku dh tk,xhA
fpfdRlk dfeZ;ksa dh Hkkjh deh
zzns'k dh 130 djksM+ vkcknh ds fy;s MkWDVjksa vkSj vU; fpfdRlk dfeZ;ksa dh csgn deh gSA
zzus'kuy gsYFk izksiQkby 2017 ds eqrkfcd izfr 10 g”kkj yksxksa ij dsoy ,d ljdkjh ,yksiSfFkd MkWDVj miyCèk gSA
zzns'k esa dqy miyCèk ,yksiSfFkd MkWDVjksa esa ls dsoy 10% ljdkjh lsok esa gSaA
zzns'k esa izkFkfed LokLF; dsanzksa ds Lrj ij MkWDVjksa ds dqy vuqeksfnr inksa esa ls yxHkx vkèks [kkyh iM+s gSaA
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zzvk;q"k MkWDVjksa dh dqy miyCèkrk yxHkx 8 yk[k gSA
zzns'k esa 7 yk[k MkWDVjkas dh vko';drk gS] ysfdu gj lky dsoy 30 g”kkj u, MkWDVj gh fudy ikrs gSaA fpfdRlk
{ks=k esa ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ds ekeys esa ”kehu&vkleku dk varj gSA
gky ds o"kks± esa ljdkj }kjk tu&LokLF; dh fLFkfr lqèkkjus ds fy;s dqN xaHkhj iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA ckjgoha
iapo"khZ; LokLF; ns[kHkky rFkk lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; dojs”k ds nh?kZdkfyd y{; ij dsafnzr gSA blds rgr loZizFke
ljdkjh O;; dks vxys ik¡p o"kks± esa thMhih ds 25% rd djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA ckjgoha ;kstuk esa LokLF; {ks=k
ds fy;s 3 yk[k djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd dh jkf'k dk ifjO;; fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA ljdkj us lkoZtfud LokLF; lqyHk
djkus vkSj ekStwnk LokLF; volajpuk lqèkkjus] oguh; vkSj fdiQk;rh LokLF; lsok iznku djus ds fy;s dbZ dk;ZozQe
izkjaHk fd;s gSaA
fujksxh jktLFkku vfHk;ku (Nirogi Rajasthan Abhiyan)

jktLFkku ds leLr ukxfjdksa dh LokLFk; leL;kvksa ds funku o cpko ds mn~ns'; ls 17 fnlacj] 2019 dks fujksxh
jktLFkku vfHk;ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k] ftlds varxZr chekfj;ksa ls cpko gsrq fuEufyf[kr dk;Z fd;s tk,axs&
zztula[;k fu;a=k.k (ifjokj dY;k.k dk;ZØe)
zzo`¼koLFkk esa LokLFk; dh ns[kHkky (tsfj,fVªd lsaVj)A
zzefgyk LokLF;] (,uhfe;k] dqiks"k.k] Lru o cPpsnkuh dk dSalj ,oa ekgokjh)
zzlapkjh jksx (ekSleh chekfj;k¡)
zzfd'kksjkoLFkk LokLF; (,uhfe;k] dqiks"k.k] eksVkik] ekgokjh ,oa LoPNrk)A
zzvlapkjh jksx (thou 'kSyh vkèkkfjr eksVkik] eèkqesg] ch-ih-] euksjksx] ân;jksx] i{kk?kkr] dSalj rFkk isQiM+s lacaèkh jksx)A
zzVhdkdj.k ,oa o;Ld Vhdkdj.k (laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k)
zzO;lu jksx ('kjkc] MªXl o rackdw)A
zz[kk| inkFkZ ,oa feykoVA
zziznw"k.k bR;kfnA
blds fy;s izR;sd xkao o 'kgjh okMZ esa ,d&,d LokLF; ,oa Lo;a lsod fe=k (efgyk o iq#"k) dk p;u fd;k
tkuk izLrkfor gS] ftUgsa ^LokLF; fe=k* uke fn;k x;kA
turk fDyfud (Janta Clinic)

jkT; esa ukxfjdksa dks vius fuokl LFkku ds u”knhd rRdky ,oa fu%'kqYd izkFkfed fpfdRlk lqfoèkk miyCèk djok,a
tkus dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa xanh cfLr;ksa] l?ku cfLr;k¡] tgk¡ vklikl dksbZ LokLF; lqfoèkk ugha gS] eas turk fDyfud
[kksys tkus gSa blds izFke pj.k eas] t;iqj 'kgj esa 12 ,oa tksèkiqj eas 3 turk fDyfud [kksys tkus gSaA
jktLFkku esa LokLF; laLFkk,¡
dasnz fpfdRlkdehZ lqfoèkk,¡
zzmidsanz ,d cgqmn~ns'kh; efgyk@iq:"k zzxHkZorh dh tkap o izlo lqfoèkk,aA
(5000 dh vkcknh ij)
(ANM) zzVhdkdj.k ,oa ifjokj fu;kstu lqfoèkk,a
(vkfnoklh ,oa e: LFkyh; miyCèkA
{ks=kksa eas 300 dh vkcknh ij) zzlkekU; jksxksa dk byktA

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zzizkFkfed
LokLF; dasnz ,d fpfdRld zzlaØked jksxksa dh jksdFkke ,oa fpfdRlkA
(30 g”kkj dh vkcknh ij) zzifjokj dY;k.k lqfoèkk,¡A
(vkfnoklh ,oa e:LFkyh; esa zzxHkZorh dh tk¡p ,ao izlo lqfoèkk,a
20,000 dh vkcknh ij) zzVhdkdj.k lqfoèkk,a
zz30 csM (iyax) miyCèkA
zzlkeqnkf;d
LokLF; dasnz zz'kY; fpfdRld zzvkijs'ku fFk;sVj
(,d yk[k dh vkcknh ij) zzL=kh jksx fo'ks"kK zz,Dl&js
zzf'k'kq jksx fo'ks"kK zzizlo d{k
zzfpfdRlk vfèkdkjh zziz;ksx'kkyk
jktLFkku esa fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa dk fooj.k& 2019-20

Øe fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa dh la[;k ,u-;w-,p ,e ds varxZr
fpfdRlk laLFkku
la[;k (31] fnlacj] 2019 rd)
1. fpfdRlky; 103 —
2. lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsanz 606 13 (uohu 'kgjh lk- LokLF; dsanz)
3. izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz (xzkeh.k) 2094 —
4. vkS"kèkky; (fMLisaljh) 190 —
5. ekr` ,oa f'k'kq dY;k.k dasnz 118 —
6. izkFkefed LokLF; dsanz ('kgjh) 51 140

7. mi LokLF; dsanz 14374 —
8. 'kSÕ;k,a * 50593 390
* LokLF; egkfo|ky; fpfdRlky;ksa ds vfrfjDr varjax jksxh 'kSÕ;k,aA
jkT; eas lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ds vkèkkj ij LokLF; lqfoèkk,¡

(Health Facilities on Basis of Public Private Partnership in State)
zzjkT; esa vketu dks lLrh ,oa xjhc rcds jksfx;ksa dks fu%'kqYd LokLF; lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls 33
jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa esa gheksMk;ysfll dh lsok,a ,oa 30 jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa esa ih-ih-ih- eksM+ ij lh-Vh- LdSu
e'khu dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzfu%larku nEifÙk dks lLrh vkbZ-oh-,iQ (IVF) lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls 8 jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa tSls
ckjka] lokbZekèkksiqj] jkeiqjk (dksVk)] dkaofV;k (t;iqj)] O;kikj (vtesj) lhdj] chdkusj ,oa ikyh esa vkbZ-oh-,iQ
dsanz ih-ih-ih eksM ij lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSaA
zzvketu dks lLrh ,oa xjhc jksfx;ksa dks ,e-vkj-vkbZ- tkap lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls 4 jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa
tSls dkaofV;k (t;iqj)] vyoj] HkhyokM+k ,oa lhdj esa ih-ih-ih- eksM+ ij ,e-vkj-vkbZ e'khu dk lapkyu fd;k
tk jgk gSA
zzbl izdkj orZeku eas 73 izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz futh tulgHkkfxrk ls lapkfyr gks jgs gSA

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vk;q"eku Hkkjr&egkRek xkaèkh jktLFkku LokLF; chek ;kstuk
(Ayushman Bhart Mahatma Gandhi Rajasthan Swasthaya Bima Yojna)
jkT; eas ¶vk;q"eku Hkkjr&egkRek xkaèkh jktLFkku LokLF; chek ;kstuk¸ dk 1 flracj] 2019 ls 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k
gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; jkT; ds xjhc ifjokjksa (jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e] 2013 ,oa vkfFkZd] lkekftd
,oa tkjh vkèkkfjr tux.kuk (SECC-2011) ds vkèkkj ij p;fur ykHkkFkhZ ifjokj) dks futh fpfdRlky;ksa esa Hkh
dS'kysl fpfdRlk lqfoèkk iznku djuk ,oa turk ds }kjk LokLF; ij fd;s tk jgs O;; dks de djuk gSA ;g ;kstuk
fujarj :i ls tkjh gSA ;kstuk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fuEufyf[kr gS%&
zzizR;sd ifjokj dks izfro"kZ fpfÉr lkekU; chekfj;ksa gsrq `30,000 rFkk fpfÉr xaHkhj chekfj;ksa gsrq `3.00 yk[k dk
LokLF; chek doj fn;k tk,xkA
zzbl ;kstuk eas 1,401 fM”kht iSdst lfEefyr gSa] ftlesa fpfÉr xaHkhj chekfj;ksa gsrq 663 r`rh;d iSdst ,oa lkekU;
chekfj;ksa gsrq 738 f}rh; iSdst dks lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA lkekU; chekfj;ksa ds iSdst eas ls 46 iSdst jktdh; ,oa
14 iSdst futh fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa gsrq vkjf{kr gSA
zziSuy esa lfEefyr vLirkyksa }kjk vkbZ-ih-Mh fpfdRlk lqfoèkk,a dS'kysl iznku dh tkrh gSA
zzvLirky esa HkrhZ gksus ds 10 fnol i'pkr~ rd dk O;; lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr 519 ljdkjh o 996 futh fpfdRlky;ksa }kjk lsok,a miyCèk djokbZ tk jgh gSA
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Hkkx&1)

vè;k;&1
^daI;wVj ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
lqij daI;wVj ds vuqiz;ksx (Applications of Super Computer)

zztSo lwpuk foKku (Bioinformatics): thu] izksVhu vkfn ds lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k] muds dk;ks± ds vè;;u o
igpku vkfn ds fy;sA
zzdaI;wVs'kuy LVªDpjy ;kaf=kdh (Computational Structural Mechanics): blds varxZr fofHkUu izdkj ds <k¡pksa
ds lajpukRed xq.kksa ds vè;;u dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
zzdaI;wVs'kuy ok;qeaMyh; foKku (Computational Atmospheric Science): ekSle foKku lacaèkh vk¡dM+ksa ds
vkèkkj ij ekWMyksa dk fodkl djukA bu ekWMyksa ds ekè;e ls eè;e vofèk (3 ls 10 fnu) o nh?kZ vofèk (vxys
100 o"kks± rd) rd ds ekSle dk iwokZuqeku yxkus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
zzlsfLed MkVk izksls¯lx (Seismic Data Processing): Hkw&rjaxksa ls izkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;uA ,sls vk¡dM+ksa ds
fo'ys"k.k dk fo'ks"k egÙo rsy o xSl HkaMkjksa dh [kkst ds lanHkZ esa gSA
zzdaI;wVs'kuy bysDVªkWfuDl (Computational Electronics): Electronic Structure o ijek.kq ds xq.kksa dk vè;;u]
iz{ksi.k ;kuksa ds fM”kkbu dk fodkl] lqnwj laosnu ls izkIr vk¡dM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.kA
zzizfrj{kk ds {ks=k esa iz{ksikL=k o yM+kowQ foeku dk fM”kkbu o fodklA
zzukfHkdh; ijh{k.kksa dk daI;wVj ds ekè;e ls Simulation djukA
zzÑf=ke cqf¼eÙkk (Artificial Intelligence) ds {ks=k esa] ftldk mn~ns'; ,slh e'khu iz.kkfy;ksa dk fodkl djuk gS tks
euq"; ds leku cqf¼eÙkkiw.kZ O;ogkj dj ldsaA
141
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfpfdRlk ds {ks=k esa budk mi;ksx ubZ nokvksa rFkk jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa (Chemical Compounds) ds fM”kkbu rS;kj
djus esa gksrk gSA
zzvarfj{k ;kuksa] foekuksa rFkk okguksa ds fM”kkbu rS;kj djus esaA
zzekSle foKku lacaèkh vè;;uksa esa_ ftlds fy;s ekSle oSKkfudksa gsrq vko';d xf.krh; izfr:iksa ds fuekZ.k esa lqij
daI;wVjksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS D;ksafd ,sls xf.krh; izfr:iksa dk mi;ksx LFkku fo'ks"k dh mQ¡pkbZ] vknzZrk] rkieku]
ok;qnkc vkfn ds ekiu esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zzczãkaM dh mRifÙk vkSj izÑfr ds lkFk&lkFk mi&ikjek.kfod (Sub–Atomic) d.kksa (Particles) dh lajpuk ds vè;;u
ds }kjk vfHk;kaf=kd ,oa oSKkfud 'kksèk ls tqM+s dk;Z {ks=kksa esaA
zzijek.kq fuekZrk d.kksa ds xq.kksa (Properties) ,oa vkdk'kxaxkvksa vkSj rkjksa ds O;ogkj ,oa fodkl dh izfØ;k dks le>us esaA
zzlaosnh xqIr lwpukvksa ds voowQVu vkSj vfHkowQVu ds lkFk&lkFk j{kk iz.kkfy;ksa rFkk gfFk;kjksa ls lacafèkr 'kksèk dk;ks±
esa Hkh iz;qDrA
fo'o ds 5 lcls rst lqij daI;wVj tuojh 2020 dh fLFkfr esa
[The World's 5 Fastest Super Computer in (January, 2020)]
Øe uke xfr (isaVkÝykWi ns'k

1 lfeV (Summit) 143.5 vesfjdk
2 fl;sjk (Sierra) 94.6 vesfjdk
3 luos rkgq ykbV 93.0 phu
4 fr;kUgs (2A) ;k feYdh os 2A 33.86 phu
5 izQksUVsjk (Frontera) 23.5 vesfjdk
Hkkjr esa lqij daI;wVj dk fodkl (Development of Super Computer in India)

lqij daI;wVj os vfr fodflr daI;wVj gSa] ftudh Le`fr {kerk xhxkckbV ds Lrj ij gksrh gS rFkk lalkèku dh rhozrk
xhxkÝykWi ds Lrj ij gksrh gSA lqij daI;wVj varfj{k foKku ds {ks=k esa fo'ks"k :i ls dke vkrs gSa] D;ksafd budh enn
ls ç{ksi.k okguksa dk fM”kkbu ,oa fodkl vklkuh ls gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr u, ;kSfxd inkFkks± dk fuekZ.k rFkk HkkSfrdh
vkSj jlk;u foKku ds lay;u ls lacafèkr ç;ksxksa dh n`f"V ls bldk fo'ks"k egÙo gSA Hkkjr esa 1980 ds n'kd esas lqij
daI;wVj ds fodkl dk dk;ZØe çkjaHk gqvkA Hkkjr esa lqij daI;wVj ds fodkl esa dbZ laLFkkvksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh
gS ftuesa NAL (National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore), C–DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing, Pune), ANURAG (Advanced Numericals Research and Analysis Group, Hyderabad)] BARC
(Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay), I.I.T. Bombay rFkk C–DOT (Centre for Development of
Telematics, Bangalore) dh fo'ks"k Hkwfedk jgh gSA
Hkkjr esa lqij daI;wVj dk fodkl 1980 ds n'kd esa NAL }kjk fufeZr ^ÝykslkWYoj daI;wVj* ds ekè;e ls gqvkA
blds ,dne ckn lh&MSd us ije Js.kh ds lqij daI;wVjksa dk fodkl djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ;g ;k=kk ije&8000 ls 'kq:
gqbZ rFkk ije&8600] ije&9000 ls gksrh gqbZ ije&10,000 rd igq¡p pqdh gSA
ije&10,000 Hkkjr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ lqij daI;wVj gSA ;g varfj{k vkSj ukfHkdh; foKku esa lcls tfVy ekuh
tkus okyh vuq:i.k (Simulation) dh çfØ;k dks iwjk djus esa l{ke gSA blds vfrfjDr ekSle foKku] çkÑfrd rsy
,oa xSl vUos"k.k] opqZvy fj;fyVh rFkk ,fues'ku tSls {ks=kksa esa Hkh bldh {kerkvksa dk egÙoiw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
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zzije ds lkFk lh&MSd us ikjl o i:y uked lkWÝVos;j cuk, gSa ftuesa ls ikjl ije dk flLVe lkWÝVos;j gS rFkk
i:y ije ls lacafèkr rF;ksa dh vkWuykbu ykbcszjh gSA
zzlqij daI;wVj ds fodkl essa DRDO dh Hkh vfrfof'k"V Hkwfedk jgh gSA DRDO ds fo'ks"k foHkkx vuqqjkx us PACE
(Processor for Aerodynamic Computation and Evaluation) uke ls lqij daI;wVj dh Ükà[kyk dk fodkl fd;k
gSA 1996 esa blh dk fodflr :i PACE + tkjh fd;k x;k] ftldh {kerk 1 xhxk ÝykWi ls dqN vfèkd FkhA
varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkj esas bls isl LikdZ ds uke ls tkjh fd;k x;kA isl Ükà[kyk ds lqij daI;wVj yM+kdw foekuksa ds
fuekZ.k] ukfHkdh; fj,DVj ds fM”kkbu] ç{ksikL=k fodkl] lqnwj laosnu ds vk¡dM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] ekSle foKku dk
fo'ys"k.k rFkk HkwxHkZ 'kkL=k tSls {ks=kksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls dke vkrs gSaA
zzbl daI;wVj dh enn ls DRDO us ^vukfedk* uke ls ,d O;oLFkk 'kq: dh gS ftlds ekè;e ls ,Dl&js] lhVh
LdSu rFkk MRI ds f=kvk;keh fp=k çkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA
zzlqij daI;wVj ds fodkl esa bu nksuksa laLFkkvksa ds vfrfjDr lcls egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk BARC (HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku
dsanz) dh gSA BARC us ^vuqie* uke ls ,d lqij daI;wVj cuk;k ftldh ewy fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd og CISC
(Complex Instruction Set Computer) ç.kkyh ds LFkku ij RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) dh
ç.kkyh ij dke djrk gSA bldk fo'ks"k mi;ksx ukfHkdh; foKku ds {ks=k esa gqvk gS] ftuesa vuqlaèkku fj,DVjksa ds
fM”kkbu] jsfM;ks leLFkkfudksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk ukfHkdh; fpfdRlk tSls {ks=k çeq[k gSaA
zzHkkjr dk lcls rhoz lqij daI;wVj izR;q"k gSA blss iw.ks fLFkr bafM;u baLVhP;wV vkWiQ VªkWfidy esVsjksykWth esa LFkkfir
fd;k x;k gS bldh xfr 4-0 isaVkÝykWi gSA uoacj 2019 esa fo'o ds 'kh"kZ 500 lqij daI;wVj dh lwph esa ;g 57osa
LFkku ij FkkA blds vykok us'kuy lsaVj iQkWj fefM;e jsat osnj iQkWjdkLV eas LFkkfir fefgj (2.8 isaVkÝyki) us Hkh
bl lwph essa 100oka LFkku ik;k gSA
zzHkkjr dks lqij daI;wVj ds fodkl ds {ks=k esa fo'o ds lokZfèkd fodflr oqQN ns'kksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA bu
daI;wVjksa dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;s vesfjdk ds osDVj ;k ^Øs”k* lqij daI;wVjksa dh i¼fr ij dk;Z ugha djrs cfYd
budh i¼fr vyx gSA vesfjdh daI;wVjksa dh i¼fr dks Pipe Line Processing dgrs gSa tcfd Hkkjrh; daI;wVjksa
dh i¼fr dks parallel processing dgrs gSaA ikbiykbu çkslsflax esa ,d cM+s ç'u dks Åij ls uhps ds Øe esa
ck¡Vk tkrk gS rFkk cgqr cM+s çkslslj dh enn ls mls rs”kh ls lqy>k;k tk ldrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa u dsoy eg¡xs
lalkèkuksa dk ç;ksx djuk iM+rk gS cfYd cgqr vfèkd rkih; ÅtkZ Hkh fudyrh gS] ftlls rki fu;a=k.k tfVy gks
tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; i¼fr esa cgqr cM+h la[;k esa lkèkkj.k daI;wVj lalkèkuksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ,d gh dk;Z
dks dbZ vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vdj vyx&vyx lalkèkuksa ds ekè;e ls ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa
u rks eg¡xs lalkèkuksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj u gh vfèkd rkih; ÅtkZ fudyrh gSA
;fn Hkkjr esa lqij daI;wVj fodkl dks vkjafHkd pj.k ls ysdj orZeku le; rd ns[kk tk, rks ge mldk vè;;u
fuEukafdr fcanqvksa ds ekè;e ls dj ldrs gSaµ
zzHkkjr ljdkj us 1988 esa C–DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) dk xBu fd;kA C–DAC
dks ?kjsyw Lrj ij Parallel Processing rduhd okys lqij daI;wVj fodflr djus dh f”kEesnkjh nh xbZA
zz1988 esa C–DAC us viuk igyk fe'ku izkjaHk fd;kA blesa C–DAC ije Ükà[kyk ds Parallel Processing daI;wVjksa
ds fuekZ.k esa liQy jgkA PARAM–8000, PARAM–8600 rFkk PARAM–9000 dk fodkl bl pj.k ds varxZr
fd;k x;kA
zz1993–94 esa C–DAC us nwljk fe'ku izkjaHk fd;kA
zz,d vU; lqij daI;wVj ije 10,000 fodflr fd;k x;kA PARAM–10,000 ds }kjk NICNET (National Informatics
Centre Network) dks lapkfyr fd;k x;kA
143
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zzorZeku esa NICNET dk lapkyu uhfr vk;ksx djrk gSA blds }kjk lHkh f”kyk eq[;ky;ksa rFkk jkT;ksa dh jktèkkuh
dks fnYyh ls tksM+k x;k gSA NICNET mixzg vkèkkfjr usVofd±x O;oLFkk gS ftlls jk"Vªh; vk;kstu izfØ;k] dkuwu
O;oLFkk dh fuxjkuh] lqj{kk] ck<+ izcaèku] tux.kuk tSls dk;Z fodsanzhÑr :i ls laiUu gksrs gSaA
zz1999 esa C–DAC us rhljk fe'ku izkjaHk fd;kA blesa vxyh ih<+h ds lqij daI;wVjksa ds fodkl dk y{; Fkk ftlls
fd iks[kj.k ijh{k.k ds ckn yxs if'peh izfrcaèkksa ls fuiVk tk ldsA
zzvizSy 2001 esa C–DAC us vxyh ih<+h dk fuEu ykxr ls fufeZr lqij daI;wVj PARAM–ANANT fufeZr fd;kA
zzfnlacj 2002 esa C–DAC us Hkkjr dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lqij daI;wVj ije&in~e (PARAM–Padma)fodflr fd;kA
bldh {kerk Trillion Operation izfr lsdsaM dh gSA bldk eq[; iz;ksx ekSle iwokZuqeku (Weather Forecasting) ds
fy;s fd;k tk jgk gSA ije&in~e dh izkjafHkd HkaMkj.k {kerk 10 VsjkckbV gS ftls 22 VsjkckbV rd c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA
zzo"kZ 2003 esa ije&in~e jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;k x;kA ije&in~e ds fodkl ls daI;wVj ds {ks=k esa ubZ lhekvksa dks ikj
djrs gq, Hkkjr fo'o ds mu 5 ns'kksa esa 'kkfey gks x;k ftuds ikl VsjkÝykWi x.kuk dh {kerk okys lqij daI;wVj gSaA
zzHkkjr ls iwoZ vesfjdk] tkiku] b”kjkby o phu us bl {kerk ds lqij daI;wVj fodflr fd;s gaSA ije&in~e esa
vkèkqfudre 4 RISC izkslsljksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS rFkk blesa SMP (Symmetric or Multiprocessing) dk
rjhdk viuk;k x;k gSA
zzo"kZ 2018 rd Hkkjr dh lqij daI;wfVax {kerk ek=k 1 isaVkÝykWi Fkh ysfdu izR;q"k (2018)] fefgj (2018) ds cuus
ds ckn Hkkjr dh dqy (,p-ih-lh-) {kerk c<+dj 8 isaVkÝykWi gks xbZ gSA ekSle@DykbesV ds fy;s lefiZr lqij
daI;wVj {kerk eas Hkkjr dk LFkku tkiku] ;w-ds- vkSj vesfjdk ds ckn pkSFkk gSA
zzblesa FCAL (Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop) rduhd dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA blds ekè;e ls daI;wVj ds
fofHkUu iz;ksxksa ds eè; vk¡dM+ksa dk vfr rhoz vknku&iznku gksrk gSA
zzbl lqij daI;wVj gsrq ,d vfr vkèkqfud usVodZ iz.kkyh Param Net–II fodflr dh xbZ gS tks vkWfIVdy rarq ij
vkèkkfjr gSA blesa 2-5 Giga Bits/sec dh xfr ls vk¡dM+ksa dk vknku&iznku fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzHkkjrh; foKku laLFkku (IISc) caxyq# rFkk C–DAC lqij daI;wVjksa ds fodkl ij dk;Z dj jgs gSaA C–DAC dh
;kstuk ,Dlk ÝykWIl lalkèku {kerk dk lqij daI;wVj fodflr djus dh gSA
zzlqij daI;wVj dh {kerk ekius dh izeq[k bdkb;k¡ gSaµ
xhxk ÝykWIl = 109 ÝykWIl (FLOPS)
VsjkÝykWIl = 1012 ÝykWIl
isVk ÝykWIl = 1015 ÝykWIl
,Dlk ÝykWIl = 1018 ÝykWIl
jk"Vªh; lqij daI;wfVax fe'ku dks ljdkj dh ea”kwjh

lapkj ,oa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh {ks=k esa vxz.kh {ks=k ds vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl] oSf'od çkS|ksfxdh ds #>kuksa vkSj c<+rh
gqbZ vko';drk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] ljdkj us jk"Vªh; lqij daI;wfVax fe'ku dks ea”kwjh nh gSA
zz7 o"kks± dh vofèk ds fy;s ` 4,500 djksM+ ds ifjO;; ls jk"Vªh; lqij daI;wfVax fe'ku (,u,l,e) lh&MSd vkSj
Hkkjrh; foKku laLFkku }kjk la;qDr :i ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
zzjk"Vªh; lqij daI;wfVax fe'ku ds rgr ns'k esa 73 lqij daI;wVj cuk, tk,axsA ;s u, 73 lqij daI;wVj u dsoy ljdkj
dh bZ&ç'kklu uhfr dks csgrj cuk,axs cfYd ;s fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe dks Hkh vke turk rd igq¡pkus esa egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkk,axsA
144
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zz;s lqij daI;wVj fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa] oSKkfudksa o 'kksèk djus okys laLFkkuksa ds dke vk,axsA
zzbudk mi;ksx okgu cukus ls ysdj ubZ nokvksa ds fuekZ.k] ÅtkZ ds lzksr ryk'kus o tyok;q ifjorZu vkfn {ks=kksa esa
fd;k tk,xkA
zzHkkjr ds ikl yxHkx 30 lqij daI;wVj gSa ftuesa ls vfèkdka'k mPp vfèkxe okys laLFkkuksa] tSls& Hkkjrh; foKku laLFkku]
vkbZvkbZVh vkSj jk"Vªh; ç;ksx'kkykvksa] tSls& Hkkjrh; m".kdfVcaèkh; ekSle foKku laLFkku] lh&MSd] lh,vkbZvkj&prqFkZ
çfreku laLFkku vkSj jk"Vªh; eè;e jsat ekSle iwokZuqeku dsaæ vkfn esa fLFkr gSaA
zzlqij daI;wfVax fe'ku ds iw.kZ dk;kZUo;u ds ckn Hkkjr dh fxurh vesfjdk] tkiku] phu vkSj ;wjksih; la?k tSls lqij
daI;wVj okys ns'kksa esa gksxhA
lqij daI;wVj ^HkkLdj* (Super Computer ‘Bhaskara’)

dsaæh; foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; us 2 twu] 2015 dks jk"Vªh; eè;e jsat ekSle iwokZuqeku dsaæ (National Centre
for Medium Range Weather Forecast) esa mPp Lrj dh daI;wfVax bdkbZ dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA blls ns'k esa ekSle dh
Hkfo";ok.kh dh {kerkvksa esa lqèkkj gksxkA bl lqij daI;wVj dk uke ^HkkLdj* j[kk x;k gS vkSj vesfjdk rFkk ;wjksih;
ns'kksa dh lwph esa vc Hkkjr Hkh 'kkfey gks x;k gS] ftuds ikl ,sls lqij daI;wVj miyCèk gSaA
^HkkLdj*] Hkw&foKku ea=kky; ds Hkwfe ç.kkyh foKku laxBu dk fgLlk gS vkSj ;g mPp {kerk ds {ks=kh; ekWMyksa
dk bLrseky dj m".kdfVcaèkh; pØokr] Hkkjh ckfj'k] ckny iQVuk vkSj ekulwu lacaèkh ekSle vuqeku dh {kerkvksa dks
c<+k,xkA
Hkkjr ds 6 lcls rs”k lqij daI;wVj (ekpZ 2020a)

[India’s 6 Fastest Super Computers (March 2020)]
Øe la[;k uke LFkkfir xfr

1 çR;w"k vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-,e- (iw.ks) 4 isaVkÝykWiQ
2 fefgj us'kuy lsaVj iQkj fefM;e jsat osnj iQkWjdkfLVax 2.8 isaVkÝykWiQ
3 vkbZ-,u-lh- 1 (ysuksoks) ,d lkWÝVos;j daiuh (ysuksoks) 1.41 isaVkÝykWiQ
4 llZ ;k lgljk (Sahasra) Hkkjrh; foKku laLFkku 1.24 isaVkÝykWiQ
5 ije f'kok; vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-oh,p;w (okjk.klh) 0.83 isaVkÝykWiQ
6 vkfnR; vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-,e- (iw.ks) 0.79 iasVkÝykWiQ
VsLyk% fo'o dk izFke O;fDrxr (Personal) lqij daI;wVj

(Tesla: World’s First Personal Super Computer)
lkekU; daI;wVjksa dh vis{kk <kbZ lkS xquk vfèkd rs”k xfr okys fo'o ds izFke O;fDrxr lqij daI;wVj dk fodkl
oSKkfudksa }kjk dj fy;k x;k gS] blds ckjs esa crk;k tk jgk gS fd ;g lqij daI;wVj rduhd vkxkeh ih<+h ds lkekU;
daI;wVjksa dh xfr dks c<+kus esa dkiQh lgk;d fl¼ gksxhA oSKkfudksa us crk;k gS fd ^VsLyk* dh lgk;rk ls tgk¡ MkWDVjksa
dks efLr"d rFkk 'kjhj ds nwljs vaxksa ds LdSu ds ifj.kke 'kh?kzrk ls ekywe gks ldsaxs] ogha ;s ilZuy lqij daI;wVj
fpfdRlk {ks=k ls tqM+s O;olkf;;ksa rFkk vuqlaèkkudÙkkZvksa ds 'kksèk dk;ks± esa Hkh lgk;d gksaxsA bu daI;wVjksa dh ,d izeq[k
mi;ksfxrk ;g Hkh gksxh fd buds }kjk lkekU; daI;wVjksa dh izkslsflax esa Hkh lkS iQhlnh rd lqèkkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
145
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Mh,u, daI;wVj (DNA Computer)
Mh,u, daI;wVj dh voèkkj.kk loZizFke o"kZ 1994 esa
Mh,u, daI;wfVax
izLrqr dh xbZ FkhA bl O;oLFkk esa Mh,u, ls cuh ,slh
ck;ksfpIl dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks Lo;a dks la[;k ds daI;wfVax ds fy;s lthoksa ds Mh,u, dk bLrseky Mh,u,
:i esa xq.ku djds ,d gh ckj esa fcfy;u x.kuk,¡ djus esa daI;wfVax dgykrk gSA tSls ijaijkxr daI;wVjksa esa lwpukvksa
l{ke gksrh gSaA ,d lkekU; daI;wVj ds foijhr (tks ,d x.kuk ds okgu vkSj izkslsflax ds fy;s flfydkWu ,oa bysDVªkWu
ds i'pkr~ gh nwljh x.kuk djrk gS) ,d Mh,u, daI;wVj dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] oSls gh Mh,u, esa Hkh lwpuk
Lo;a dh dbZ izfr;k¡ cukdj ,d gh ckj esa dbZ x.kukvksa dks okgu ,oa izkslsflax ds xq.k gksrs gSa vkSj bldk bLrseky
laiUu djus esa l{ke gSA daI;wfVax ds fy;s gks ldrk gSA
;s Mh,u, v.kq ijaijkxr LVksjst midj.kksa dh rqyuk esa dbZ fcfy;u xquk vk¡dM+ksa dk laxzg.k djus esa l{ke gSaA
Mh,u, dh izpqj miyCèkrk ds dkj.k ;g ,d lLrk lalkèku Hkh gSA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh Li"V dj nsuk vko';d gksxk fd ,d
Mh,u, daI;wVj i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy vkSj lqxfBr vkdkj dk gksxkA pw¡fd Mh,u, ds v.kq cgqr NksVs gksrs gSaA vr% ,d
MsLdVkWi Mh,u,] fo'o ds lHkh bysDVªkWfud daI;wVjksa }kjk la;qDr :i ls iz;ksx fd;s tk jgs izkslsljksa dh rqyuk esa
vR;fèkd izkslsljksa dk bLrseky djus esa l{ke gSA orZeku esa Mh,u, daI;wfVax dk {ks=k viuh izkjafHkd voLFkk esa gSA vr%
dk;Z djus esa l{ke Mh,u, daI;wVj dks fodflr djus esa vHkh vkSj vfèkd yack le; yxus dh laHkkouk gSA gkyk¡fd]
bl daI;wVj ds fuekZ.k dh izxfr dh nj tks Hkh gks blds fuekZ.k dh ladYiuk vR;ar vkd"kZd gSA
Mh,u, v.kqvksa ls vR;fèkd rhoz daI;wVj dk fuekZ.k
zz;w-ds- eSupsLVj fo'ofo|ky; esa tho foKku vkSj daI;wVj foKku ij vkèkkfjr ,d la;qDr dk;Z ds varxZr 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa
}kjk vR;fèkd rhoz xfr ls pyus okyk ,d ,slk daI;wVj cuk;k x;k gS tks dk;Z&laiknu ds fy;s Mh,u, v.kqvksa
dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
zzbl Mh,u, vkèkkfjr daI;wVj dks egku xf.krK ,yu V~;wfjax ds uke ij ,u-;w-Vh-,e- (Non-Deterministic Universal
Tuning Machine–NUTM) uke iznku fd;k x;k gSA
zzè;krO; gS fd ;g daI;wVj bysDVªkWfud vkSj DokaVe nksuksa izdkj ds daI;wVjksa ls Js"B dk;Z djus rFkk vR;fèkd xfr
vftZr djus esa l{ke gksxkA
zztSlk fd ge lHkh tkurs gSa] ,d bysDVªkWfud vFkok DokaVe daI;wVj dks dk;Z djus gsrq mfpr ekxZ dk fu.kZ; djus
ds fy;s ,d lsdsaM ds le; dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tcfd brus gh le; esa ,d ,u-;w-Vh-,e- u dsoy nksgjkus
dh {kerk j[krk gS cfYd mÙkj dks vfèkd rs”k xfr ls ikus ds fy;s ,d gh le; esa nksuksa ekxks± dk vuqlj.k Hkh
dj ldrk gSA
lh&MSd (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing)

izxr laxBu fodkl dsanz (lh&MSd) bysDVªkWfudh vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; dh ,d mRÑ"V vuqlaèkku ,oa
fodkl laLFkku gS tks bysDVªkWfud ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa blls lacafèkr {ks=kksa esa dk;Z djrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk ekpZ
1988 eas dh xbZ FkhA lqij daI;wfVax rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk daI;wfVax lh&MSd ds nks izkFkfed dk;Z{ks=k gSaA xzkeh.k rFkk
lkekftd fodkl ds {ks=k ls lacafèkr fof'k"V ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s iksVZy (www.indg.in) lh&MSd dh ,d
egÙoiw.kZ igy gSA bl iksVZy dk fodkl eq[; :i ls Hkkjr ds îgq¡p ds ckgj* ds xzkeh.k yksxksa fo'ks"kdj xjhc]
de”kksj rFkk efgykvksa rd ,dy f[kM+dh (Single Window) ds ekè;e ls lwpuk lsok,¡ igq¡pkus ds mn~ns'; ls fd;k
x;k gSA ;g iksVZy fo'ks"k :i ls izkFkfed f'k{kk] LokLF;] Ñf"k] xzkeh.k mQtkZ rFkk bZ&iz'kklu ds {ks=k esa dk;Z djrk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; lqij daI;wVj fe'ku&2015% bl fe'ku dh 'kq:vkr Hkkjr esa lqij daI;wVjksa dh LFkkiuk esa o`f¼ ykus ds
fy;s dh xbZ FkhA bl fe'ku ds varxZr igyk lqij dI;wVj lh&MSd vkSj vkbZ-Vh-ch-,p-;w- ds }kjk îje f'kok;*
uke ls cuk;k x;k gSA
146
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
bl fe'ku ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Úkal dh daiuh ,Vksl ls 70 lqij daI;wVjksa ds usVodZ dh LFkkiuk laiw.kZ
Hkkjr esa djus dk le>kSrk fd;k x;k gSA ;s usVodZ f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa vkSj 'kksèk laLFkkvksa dks lgk;rk iznku djsaxsA bldks
o"kZ 2022 rd iwjk djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
vè;k;&2
^nwjlapkj ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
4th rduhd (4th Generation Technology)

4th rduhd eksckby iQksu lsok dh pkSFkh ih<+h dh rduhd gS] tks iw.kZ :i ls baVjusV izksVksdkWy ij vkèkkfjr lsok
gSA blesa okW;l] MkVk vkSj eYVhehfM;k dks leku xfr ls Hkstk o izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] 4th rduhd dh xfr
yxHkx 100 Mbps gS] tcfd 3th dh xfr 384 Kbps ls 2 Mbps rd gSA 3th rduhd okbM ,fj;k usVodZ (WAN)
dh voèkkj.kk ij dk;Z djrh gS tcfd 4th rduhd yksdy ,fj;k usVodZ (LAN) dh voèkkj.kk ij dk;Z djrh gSA
4th rduhd esa miHkksDrkvksa dks vfr mPp xq.koÙkk dh vkWfM;ks o ohfM;ks lqfoèkk miyCèk gS] MkVk VªkaliQj vfr rhoz
xfr ls gksrk gS o 3th dh rqyuk esa de eg¡xk gSA bl rduhd esa baVjusV izksVksdkWy vkèkkfjr lsok gksus ds dkj.k okW;l]
MkVk vkSj eYVhehfM;k dks ,d leku xfr ls izsf"kr djuk o izkIr djuk laHko gks jgk gSA
orZeku esa 4th dk mi;ksx czkWMcSaM baVjusV ds lkFk&lkFk Voice Call ;k VOLTE (Voice over LTE) ds fy;s
fd;k tk jgk gSA
4G (LTE) → Long Term Evolution
FDD TDD
FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) : blesa vk¡dM+ksa ds laizs"k.k vkSj izkfIr ds fy;s nks vyx&vyx vko`fÙk;ksa
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa vko`fÙk dh [kir vis{kkÑr vfèkd gksrh gSA bl lsok ds fy;s 1800 MHz vko`fÙk dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& JIOA
TDD (Time Division Duplex) : blesa vk¡dM+ksa ds laizs"k.k ds fy;s ,d gh vko`fÙk dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx varjky
esa ck¡Vdj fd;k tkrk gSA ;g le; varjky vR;ar lw{e gksrk gSA blesa LisDVªe dh [kir vis{kkÑr de gksrh gSA blds
fy;s 2300 MHz vko`fÙk dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& Airtel A
5th rduhd (5th Generation Technology)
;g 4th dh rqyuk esa dbZ xquk rs”k] LekVZ vkSj baVsyhtsaV rduhd gSA 5th ij nqfu;k Hkj esa daifu;k¡ dke esa tqVh
gSaA nf{k.k dksfj;k fo'o dk igyk ns'k cuk ftlus vius ;gk¡ 5G lsok 'kq: fd;kA nf{k.k dksfj;k ds ckn phu eas ;g
'kq: gqbZ tgk¡ dh daiuh gqosbZ 5G usVodZ ds ekeys esa fo'o dh lcls vxz.kh daiuh cuh gqbZ gSA orZeku eas nf{k.k
dksfj;k] vesfjdk vkSj phu eas 5G lsok dk;Zjr gSA ,d vke ijaijk gS fd çR;sd 10 o"kZ esa ok;jysl esa ubZ baVjusV
lsok ykWUp dh tkrh gSA 1th lsok 1981 ls vkSj 4th lsok 2011 ls dke dj jgh gSA
vè;k;&3
^vafrj{k * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
ih,l,yoh [PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)]

mixzg iz{ksi.k ;ku izkS|ksfxdh ds fodkl dk mPp Lrj PSLV ds lkFk 'kq: gqvk] blls lacafèkr iz;ksx 1993 ls
'kq: gq,A PSLV ds iz{ksi.k dk igyk iz;kl 1993 esa PSLV D-1 ds :i esa fd;k x;k] fdarq pkSFks pj.k esa [kjkch
gksus ds dkj.k ;g iz;ksx foiQy jgkA 1994 esa PSLV D-2 }kjk vkbZ-vkj-,l] ih&2 dks liQyrkiwoZd èkzqoh; d{kk esa
147
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LFkkfir fd;k x;kA PSLV pkj pj.k okyk jkWdsV gS ftlds igys vkSj rhljs pj.k esa Bksl iz.kksnd rFkk nwljs o pkSFks
pj.k esa rjy iz.kksnd dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rjy iz.kksnd dh Toyu {kerk csgrj gksus rFkk mls fdlh Hkh fcanq
ij vklkuh ls fu;af=kr djus ds dkj.k PSLV esa bldk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
iz{ksi.k ;ku dh fo'ks"krk,¡
Å¡pkbZ µ 44 eh-
O;kl µ 2-8 eh-
pj.kksa dh la[;k µ 4
fyÝV vkWiQ ekl µ 320 Vu (XL)
izdkj µ 3(PSLV-G, PSLV-CA, PSLV‑XL)
izFke mM+ku µ 20 flracj] 1993
PSLV 1750 fdxzk- ds isyksM dks lw;Z&rqY;dkfyd èkzqoh; d{kk esa 600 fdeh- dh Å¡pkbZ ij LFkkfir dj ldrk
gSA PSLV dks lrr~ :i ls vkbZ-vkj-,l- lhjh”k ds fofHkUu mixzgksa dks fuEu Hkw&d{kk esa LFkkfir djus ds dkj.k bls
¶odZgkslZ vkWiQ bljks¸ dh inoh iznku dh xbZ gSA blds vykok mi Hkw&rqY;dkfyd d{kk (Sub Geo-synchronous
transfer orbit) esa ;g 1425 fdxzk- ds mixzg dks LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA viuh vn~Hkqr fo'oluh;rk ds dkj.k PSLV
dk mi;ksx Hkw&fLFkj rFkk Hkw&rqY;dkfyd d{kk esa fofHkUu mixzgksa ds iz{ksi.k esa fd;k tk jgk gS] tSlsµ IRNSS mixzg
dks Hkw&rqY;dkfyd d{kk esa PSLV C-27 }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
gkfy;k ih,l,yoh ;ku
la[;k 'kh"kZd Launch Date Launcher Type Orbit
49 ih,l,yoh&lh 47@ dkVksl Z VS &3 27 uoacj] 2019 PSLV-XL
48 ih,l,yoh&lh 46 22 ebZ] 2019 PSLV-CA
47 ih,l,yoh&lh 45@ ,felsV fe'ku 1 vizSy] 2019 PSLV
46 ih,l,yoh&lh 44@ ekbØkslVS &vkj vkSj dykelSV&oh 2 24 tuojh] 2019 PSLV-DL SSPO
45 ih,l,yoh&lh 43@ gkbfll fe'ku 29 uoacj] 2018 PSLV SSPO
44 ih,l,yoh&lh 42 16 flracj] 2018 PSLV SSPO
43 ih,l,yoh&lh 41 10 vizSy] 2018 PSLV-CA
42 ih,l,yoh&lh 40@ dkVkslZ VS &2 kÜ [à kyk mixzg fe'ku 12 tuojh] 2018 PSLV-XL SSPO
41 ih,l,yoh&38@dkVksZlSV&2 Üka`[kyk mixzg 23 twu] 2017 PSLV–XL
40 ih,l,yoh&C37@dkVksZlSV&2 Üka`[kyk mixzg 15 iQjojh] 2017 PSLV–XL
39 ih,l,yoh&C36@fjlkslZlSV&2, 7 fnlacj] 2016 PSLV–XL SSPO
38 ih,l,yoh&C35@LdSVlSV&1 26 flracj] 2016 PSLV SSPO
37 ih,l,yoh&C34 22 twu] 2016 PSLV–XL SSPO
36 ih,l,yoh&C33@vkbZ-vkj-,u-,l-,l-–th 28 vizSy] 2016 PSLV–XL GTO
35 ih,l,yoh&C32@vkbZ-vkj-,u-,l-,l-–1 ,iQ 10 ekpZ] 2016 PSLV–CA GSO
34 ih,l,yoh&C31@ vkbZ-vkj-,u-,l-,l-–1bZ 20 tuojh] 2016 PSLV–CA GSO
33 ih,l,yoh& C29@Vhfyeksl&1 fe'ku 16 fnlacj] 2015 PSLV–CA LEO
32 ih,l,yoh&C30@,LVªkslSV fe'ku 28 flracj] 2015 PSLV–XL LEO

148
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th,l,yoh [GSLV (Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle)]
Hkkjr osQ iz{ksi.k ;ku dk;ZØe dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ pj.k GSLV (Geo-Stationary or Geo-Synchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle) dgykrk gSA ;g ,d ,slk jkWosQV gS] tks 2500 fdxzk- o”ku okys mixzg dks Hkw&LFkSfrd d{kk esa
LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA blds vykok GSLV 5Vu o”ku okys mixzg ;k fofHkUu mixzgksa dks fuEu Hkw&d{kk esa LFkkfir
dj ldrk gSA ;g jkWosQV rhu pj.kksa dk gksrk gS] tks bl izdkj gSaµ
zzigys pj.k esa Bksl iz.kksnd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g pj.k PSLV osQ izFke pj.k osQ leku gSA blesa iz;qDr
gksus okyk b±èku Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTBP) gSA
zzbldk nwljk pj.k PSLV osQ nwljs pj.k ij vkèkkfjr gSA ftlesa Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)
rFkk Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) tSls rjy iz.kksnd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbldk rhljk pj.k lcls egÙoiw.kZ vkSj tfVy gSA blesa iz;qDr gksus okyh rduhd dks Øk;kstsfud rduhd dgrs
gSaA ;g batu mixzg dks Hkw&LFkSfrd d{kk rd igq¡pkrk gSA
gkfy;k th,l,yoh ;ku
'kh"kZd Launch Date Launcher Type Orbit
th,l,yoh&,iQ 11@thlSV&7A fe'ku 19 fnlacj] 2019 GSLV —
th,l,yoh&,iQ 08@thlSV&6A fe'ku 28 ekpZ] 2018 GSLV —
th,l,yoh&,iQ 09@thlSV&9 5 ebZ] 2017 GSLV–XL GTO
th,l,yoh&,iQ 05@bUlSV&3 Mh-vkj- 8 flracj] 2016 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&Mh 6 27 vxLr] 2015 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&Mh 5@thlSV&14 5 tuojh] 2014 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&,iQ 06@thlSV&5ih 25 fnlacj] 2010 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&Mh 3@thlSV&4 15 vizSy] 2010 GSLV–MK–II GSO
th,l,yoh–,iQ 04@bUlSV&4 lhvkj 2 flracj] 2007 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&,iQ 02@bUlSV– 4lh 10 tqykbZ] 2006 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&,iQ 01 @,MqlVS (thlSV&3) 20 flracj] 2004 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&Mh2 8 ebZ] 2003 GSLV–MK–II GTO
th,l,yoh&Mh1 18 vizSy] 2001 GSLV–MK–II GTO
Hkkjrh; lapkj mixzg (Indian Communication Satellite)

Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; mixzg (bulSV) iz.kkyh] HkwfLFkj d{kk eas LFkkfir 9 izpyukRed lapkj mixzgksa lfgr ,f'k;k&iSlsfiQd
{ks=k esa lcls cM+s ?kjsyw lapkj mixzgksa esa ls ,d gSA bulSV&1ch ls bldh 'kq:vkr 1983 eas dh xbZ FkhA orZeku easa blesa
bulSV ds lkFk th&lSV Js.kh ds mixzg egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA
egÙoiw.kZ lapkj mixzg&
uke iz{ksi.k frfFk otu (fdxzk-) ykap osfgdy
th lSV&30 17 tuojh] 2020 3357 ,fj;u&5 oh,&251
th lSV&31 06 iQjojh] 2019 2536 ,fj;u&5 oh,&247
th lSV&7A 19 fnlacj] 2018 — GSLV-F11

149
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
th lSV&11 05 fnlacj] 2018 5854 ,fj;u&5 VA&246
th lSV&29 14 uoacj] 2018 3423 GSLV-MK-III D&2
th lSV&6A 29 ekpZZ] 2018 — —
th lSV&9 05 ebZ] 2017 2230 GSLV-F 09
bulSV&3D 26 tqykbZ] 2013 2060 ,fj;u&5 VA-214
thlSV&19
thlSV&19 mixzg dk mRFkkiu nzO;eku 3136 fdxzk- ds lkFk] Hkkjr dk lapkj mixzg gS] tks bljks ds ekud vkbZ&3K
cl ij la:i.k fd;k x;k gSA
thlSV&19 Ka/Ku&cSaM mPp izokg {kerk lapkj izs"kkuqdj (Transponder) dk ogu djrk gSA blds vykok] ;g
Hkw&fLFkj jsfM,'ku LisDVªksekih (thvkj,lih) isyksM dks ogu djrk gSA tks d.kksa dh izÑfr vkSj mixzgksa rFkk muds
bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa ij varfj{k fofdj.k ds izHkko ds ekWuhVju vkSj vè;;u dk;Z djsaxsA thlSV&19 esa dqN mUur
varfj{k ;ku izkS|ksfxfd;k¡ Hkh 'kkfey gSa ftuesa y?kq rki ikbi] iQkbcj izdkf'kdh tkbjks] lw{e bysDVªks&eSdsfudy iz.kkyh
(,ebZ,e,l)] ,DlhyjksehVj] Ku&caSM VhVhlh VªkaliksaMj vkSj lkFk gh Lons'kh fyfFk;e vk;u cSVjh 'kkfey gSaA
fe'ku dk izekspu 5 twu] 2017 dks ,lMh,llh 'kkj] JhgfjdksVk ds nwljs ykWUp iSM ls fd;k x;kA
paæek ij varfj{k ;ku mrkjus dh rS;kjh
Hkkjr dh ,d futh varfj{k rduhd daiuh VhebaMl us Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqlaèkku laxBu (bljks) ds lkFk ,d
le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s gSa] ftlds rgr VhebaMl varfj{k ds {ks=k esa cM+k dne mBkus dh rS;kjh esa gSA VhebaMl bljks
ds lkFk feydj paæek ij varfj{k ;ku mrkjuk pkgrh gSA ;fn ;g fe'ku liQy gks tkrk gS rks VhebaMl paæek ij
viuk varfj{k ;ku Hkstus okyh igyh futh daiuh cu tk,xhA
zzVhebaMl ds ywuj ,Dlçkb”k çkstsDV ds rgr paæek dh lrg ij varfj{k ;ku mrkjus] 500 ehVj rd pykus vkSj
iQksVks] ohfM;ks i`Foh ij okil Hkstus ds fy;s yxHkx ` 204 djksM+ dh èkujkf'k •pZ gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zz;g daiuh x.kra=k fnol 2018 ds fnu paæek ij frjaxk iQgjkuk pkgrh gSA
zzih,l,yoh ls i`Foh dh d{kk esa varfj{k ;ku dks ç{ksfir fd;k tk,xk] ftlds 21 fnu ckn varfj{k ;ku paæek
dh lrg ij lkWÝV ySafMax djsxkA
zzVhebaMl dk ;g fe'ku Hkkjr dks ,sls ns'kksa ds Dyc esa 'kkfey dj nsxk ftudh paæek ij ySaM djus dh rduhd
çekf.kr gSA
zzbl çkstsDV ds ckjs esa bljks ds ps;jeSu ,-,l- fdj.k dqekj dk dguk gS fd ¶ge ns•uk pkgrs gSa fd Hkkjr ds
Kku dk ç;ksx nqfu;k ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gSA¸
zzVhebaMl esa fuos'k djus okyksa esa jru VkVk] uanu uhysdf.k] lfpu caly vkSj fcUuh caly lfgr dbZ vU; cM+s
uke 'kkfey gSaA
zzVhebaMl ds LislØkÝV dks caxyw: esa 100 yksxksa dh bathfu;fjax Vhe }kjk fM”kkbu vkSj fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
ih,l,yoh&lh 40@ dkVkZslSV–2 (PSLV-C 40/Cartosat-2)

bljks us èkzqoh; mixzg çekspu okgu (PSLV) ds }kjk lrh'k èkou varfj{k dsaæ ds 'kkj] JhgfjdksVk ls 30 lg&;k=kh
mixzgksa ds lkFk dkVkZslSV&2 Ükà•yk ds lqnwj laosnu (Remote Sensing) mixzg dk çekspu fd;kA
çeq• fcanq
zz;g ih,l,yoh dk 40ok¡ liQy fe'ku Fkk tcfd ;g bldh 42oha mM+ku FkhA blfy;s ;g mM+ku ih,l,yoh&lh40
ds :i esa fofufnZ"V gSA
150
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzlg&;k=kh mixzgksa esa Hkkjr dh vksj ls ,d ekbØks mixzg vkSj ,d uSuks&mixzg rFkk lkFk gh N% ns'kksa vFkkZr~ dukMk]
fiQuySaM] Úk¡l] nf{k.k dksfj;k] ;wds vkSj ;w,l, ds 3 ekbØks mixzg vkSj 25 uSuks&mixzg 'kkfey gSaA
zzHkkjr us ih,l,yoh&lh 40 ds }kjk 2 Lons'kh mixzg ç{ksfir fd;s gSaA ftuesa ,d 100 fdyks o”kuh ekbØkslsV
mixzg gS ftls Hkfo"; esa ,sls ç{ksi.k ds fy;s çk;ksfxd rkSj ij NksM+k gS rFkk nwljk uSuks lSVsykbV&1 lh gS tks ekax
ds fglkc ls mixzgksa dks NksM+us ds fy;s ç;ksx ds rkSj ij iz{ksfir fd;k x;k gSA
zz;s lkjs mixzg nks vyx&vyx d{kkvksa esa LFkkfir fd;s x,A blh ds lkFk bljks us ,d gh jkWdsV ls nks vyx&vyx
d{kkvksa esa mixzg LFkkfir djus dh {kerk Hkh çkIr dj yh gSA
zzih,l,yoh&lh 40 ij ogu fd;s tkus okys lHkh 31 mixzgksa dk dqy o”ku yxHkx 1323 fdyks gSA
zzHkkjr us ih,l,yoh&lh 40 ds }kjk tks nks Lons'kh mixzg ç{ksfir fd;s gSa muesa ,d 100 fdyks o”kuh ekbØkslsV
mixzg gS rFkk nwljk bafM;u uSuks lSVsykbV&1 lh (INS-1C) gSA
zzvarfj{k foHkkx ds vèkhu Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d daiuh] ,afVªDl dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM] bljks dh okf.kfT;d 'kk•k
vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; xzkgdksa ds chp okf.kfT;d O;oLFkk ds rgr bu 28 varjkZ"Vªh; xzkgd mixzgksa dk çekspu fd;k x;kA
dkVkZslSV&2 Ükà•yk mixzg
zzdkVkZslSV&2 Ükà•yk mixzg ih,l,yoh&lh 40 }kjk ys tk;k tkus okyk çkFkfed mixzg gSA ;g lqnwj laosnu mixzg
Ükà•yk ds iwoZ ds Ng mixzgksa ds leku gSA
zz710 fdxzk- o”kuh bl mixzg dks 505 fdeh- dh Å¡pkbZ ij o`Ùkkdkj èkzqoh; lw;ZrqY;dkfyd d{kk (Circular
Polar Sunsynchronous) esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
zzdkVkZslSV&2 mixzg esa mUur fdLe ds iSaØksesfVd rFkk eYVhLisDVªy dSejksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gS ftldk eq[;
mn~ns'; nwj&laosnh MkVk rFkk ekufp=k çkIr djuk gSA
uksV% èkzqoh; lw;ZrqY;dkfyd d{kk esa ç{ksfir fd;s x, mixzg lkSj fdj.k vkSj i`Foh dh lrg ds eè; fufeZr dks.k ds
lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djrs gSa ftlls fdlh LFkku ij vkiru dks.k esa gksus okys ifjorZu ds lkFk i`Foh ds lkis{k
mixzg ds dks.k esa Hkh ifjorZu gks ldsA lkekU;r% fjeksV lsfa lax lSVy
s kbV dks blh d{kk esa ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gSA
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Hkkx&2)

vè;k;&7
ûSuks izkS+|ksfxdh * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
uSuks izkS|ksfxdh dh fofèk (Method of Nano Technology)

uSuks izkS|ksfxdh ds vuqiz;ksx (Applications of Nano Technology)
cgqvk;keh mi;ksxh izÑfr gksus ds dkj.k uSuks izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksfxrk {ks=k Hkh vlhfer gSA blds mi;ksx ds dqN
egÙoiw.kZ {ks=k bl izdkj gSaµ
tho foKku ds {ks=k esa (In the Field of Biology)
mQrd vfHk;kaf=kdh ds varxZr {kfrxzLr mQrdksa dk izfrLFkkiu vFkok u, mQrdksa dk lao¼Zu fd;k tkrk gS] blds
rgr uSuks inkFkks± dk iz;ksx djds dksf'kdkvksa dk Ñf=ke :i ls lao¼Zu fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok] izfrj{kh uSuks d.kksa
dk iz;ksx fdlh izfr:ih vFkok vU; inkFkZ ds lkFk djds fdlh fof'k"V v.kq lajpuk rFkk lw{e thoksa dh igpku dh
tkrh gSA uSuks fNnzksa ls ;qDr fo'ks"k izdkj ds uSuks inkFkks± dk iz;ksx yf{kr LFkku ij nok miyCèk djkus esa fd;k tk
ldrk gSA bl dk;Z esa vfèkdka'kr% lksus vFkok yksgs ds uSuks d.k iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
151
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bysDVªkWfuDl (Electronics)
uSuks VsDuksykWth dh lgk;rk ls fpi ;qDr diM+s] bysDVªkWfud lekpkj i=k rFkk fMLIys ;qDr luXykl cukuk laHko gSA
zzdkcZu uSuks V~;wc ds bysDVªkWfud xq.kksa us Vsyhfo”ku] cSVjh vkSj vU; bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa esa ÝySV iSuy fMLIys ds
fuekZ.k dks laHko cuk;k gSA
zzuSuks Lrj ds VªkaftLVj vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh] rs”k xfr ds vkSj ÅtkZ n{k gksrs gSaA Hkfo"; esa fdlh daI;wVj dh laiw.kZ
eseksjh dks dsoy ,d iryh fpi esa lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gSA è;krO; gS fd uSuks VsDuksykWth dh enn ls ekbØks
izkslslj dk vkdkj vR;ar NksVk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzuSuksehVj Lrj ds eSXusfVd Vuy taD'ku ls êSXusfVd jSaMe ,Dlsl eseksjh* (MRAM) dk fodkl laHko gqvk gS] tks
fdlh daI;wVj flLVe ds can gksus vkSj [kjkc gksus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh bafØIVsM vk¡dM+ksa dks lqjf{kr j[k ldrh gSA ;g
fdlh okgu dh nq?kZVuk ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+ksa dks Hkh ,d=k dj ldrh gSA
zzVhoh] ySiVkWi] lsyiQksu] fMftVy dSejksa vkfn esa vkWxsZfud ykbV bfefVax Mk;ksM (vks,ybZMh) dk bLrseky fd;k tk
jgk gSA ;s uSuks lajpukvksa okyh cgqyhÑr fIkQYesa gksrh gSaA ÝySV iQkWesZV esa bu fiQYeksa ls cuh LØhu dh ped ”;knk
gksrh gS rFkk xq.koÙkk ds fygk”k ls LØhu ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fp=k Hkh csgrj gksrs gSaA ;g de fctyh [kpZ djrh
gS vkSj vfèkd le; rd pyrh gSA
zzorZeku esa uSuks vkbZikWM~l esa ÝyS'k eseksjh fpIl dk bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA
ÅtkZ (Energy)
zzuSuks Lrj ds inkFkks± ls ;qDr gYdh] yphyh IykfLVd ijaijkxr lkSj ÅtkZ midj.kksa dks foLFkkfir dj ldrh gSA uSuks
Lrj ds inkFkZ lw;Z dh fdj.kksa vkSj ?kjksa ds Hkhrj ds çdk'k dks vo'kksf"kr dj ysrs gSa] ftUgsa fo|qr ÅtkZ esa cnyk
tkrk gSA uSuks rduhd ls ;qDr lksyj iSuyksa dh n{krk Hkh ijaijkxr lksyj iSuyksa ls vfèkd gksrh gSA uSuks Lrj ds
lksyj lsyksa dk fofuekZ.k djuk vfèkd lLrk vkSj vklku Hkh gSA
zzuSuks inkFkks± ds ekè;e ls ;krk;kr ds oSdfYid lkèkuksa dh ladYiuk dks lp djus okyh Ý;wy lsy rduhd esa Hkh
lqèkkj laHko gSA uSuks inkFkZ] Ý;wy lsy rduhd ds fy;s vko';d f>Yyh (Membrane) dks dkiQh mUur cuk ldrk gSA
zzuSuks rduhd dk bLrseky vusd gYds o”ku okyh vkSj n{k cSVfj;ksa ds fodkl esa fd;k x;k gSA ;s cSVfj;k¡ tYnh
pktZ gksrh gSa vkSj dkiQh yacs le; rd pktZ jgrh gSaA budk izdk'kh; (Optical Density) Hkh vfèkd gksrk gSA uSuks
ok;j ds ekè;e ls ,slh cSVfj;ksa dk fuekZ.k laHko gSA tesZfu;e ls cus uSuks ok;j yhfFk;e vk;u cSVfj;ksa esa bLrseky
fd;s tkrs gSa] tks cSVjh }kjk fjpktZ fd;s tkus okys fØLVyksa dh la[;k c<+k nsrs gSaA
zziou pDdh (Wind Mill) ds CysMksa esa bLrseky gksus okys cgqr ls inkFkks± esa dkcZu uSuks V~;wc dk mi;ksx fd;k tk
jgk gSA blls foaM CysM vfèkd yacs] e”kcwr vkSj gYds o”ku ds gks x, gSaA
vkWVkseksckby (Automobile)
zzeksVj okgu {ks=k esa uSuks bathfu;fjax dk bLrseky dj mPp fjpktZ cSVfj;k¡] rki&fu;a=k.k ds fy;s FkeksZbysfDVªd inkFkZ]
vfèkd ncko lgus esa l{ke Vk;j] de ykxr okys csgrj lsalj vkSj bysDVªkWfuDl] iryh fiQYe okys NksVs lksyj
iSuy] mUur dSVsfyfVd dUoVZj vkSj Ý;wy ,fMfVo fodflr fd;s x, gSaA
zzuSuks lajpuk okyh phuh feV~Vh dksfVax] e'khuksa ds iqtks± ij gksus okyh ijaijkxr dksfVax dh rqyuk esa ”;knk fVdkÅ
vkSj dBksj gksrh gSA e'khuksa ds yxkrkj ?kweus okys dy&iqtsZ uSuks dksfVax ls dkiQh yacs le; rd pyrs gSaA
zzdkjksa esa uSuksd.kksa dh enn ls gksus okyk isaV ”;knk vkd"kZd vkSj [kjksap jfgr gksrk gSA
zzokguksa ds lsYiQ Dyhfuax Xykl ds fuekZ.k ds le; ;fn VkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM ds uSuks d.k] flfydk] dSfYl;evkWDlkbM]
csfj;e vkWDlkbM ds lkFk feyk fn;s tk,¡ rks ;s uSuks d.k ijkcSaxuh çdk'k dh ekStwnxh esa dkcZfud èkwy dks Lo;a
gh nwj dj nsaxsA
zzuSuksd.kksa ls rS;kj gksus okys dkj ds Vk;j gYds gksrs gSa vkSj budk bLresky djus ij Vk;jkas dh jcM+ Hkh cgrq de
f?klrs gSaA
152
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uksV% è;krO; gS fd Hkfo"; esa uSuks VsDuksykWth fuekZ.k {ks=k dh dbZ rduhdksa] ;Fkk&dfVax (Cutting) o osfYMax
(Welding) tSlh rduhdksa dks vçklafxd cuk nsxhA bl VsDuksykWth ls =kqfVghu o csgrj oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k
laHko gks ik,xkA
jlk;u foKku rFkk i;kZoj.k ds {ks=k esa (In the Field of Chemistry and Environment)% blds varxZr uSuks
izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fuEufyf[kr :iksa esa fd;k tk ldrk gS%
zzvk;uksa dks Nkuus esa iz;qDr gksus okys uSuks fiQYVjksa dk fuekZ.k] ftudk iz;ksx fo'ks"kdj Mk;fyfll ds nkSjku fd;k
tkrk gSA
zzty iznw"k.k dks nwj djus ds fy;s Hkh pqacdh; uSuks d.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy;s ;s uSuks d.k ty esa
fo|eku Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dks i`Fkd~ djrs gSaA
zzuSuks d.kksa dk iz;ksx mRizsjd ,tsaV ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzuSuks inkFkks± ls fufeZr lw{e v¼Zpkydksa dk lkSj cSVfj;ksa esa iz;ksx djus ls mQtkZ mi;ksx esa deh vkrh gSA
lwpuk ,oa lapkj ds {ks=k esa (In the Field of Information & Technology)%
zzvR;ar lw{e ,dhÑr ifjiFk (Integrated Circuit) ds fuekZ.k esa] fo'ks"kdj daI;wVjksa esa budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
zzdkcZu ds uSuks V~;wc dk iz;ksx fiDpj V~;wc esa djus ls mQtkZ mi;ksx esa deh vkrh gSA
miHkksDrk mRiknksa ds fuekZ.k {ks=k esa (In the Field of Consumer Products Manufacturing)%
zz[kk| oLrqvksa dh iSfdax esa iz;qDr gksus okys vkoj.kksa ds fuekZ.k dk;Z esa uSuks izkS|ksfxdh dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i
[kk| inkFkks± esa rkijksèkd {kerk rFkk xSlksa ds vkokxeu dks fofu;fer djus dh {kerk fodflr gksrh gSA
zzoL=k m|ksx (Textile Industry) esa uSuks rarqvksa ds fuekZ.k esa iz;qDrA
zzVkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM ds uSuks d.kksa dk mi;ksx yks'ku cukus esa fd;k tkrk gS ftlls lw;Z ds ijkcSaxuh fdj.kksa ls
Ropk dh lqj{kk laHko gksrh gSA
zzp'eksa ds 'kh'kksa esa ijkorZujksèkh {kerk ds fodkl ds fy;s mu ij uSuks cgqydksa dk ysi yxk;k tkrk gSA
zz[kk| inkFkks± esa fo"kkDrrk dks jksdus ds fy;s Anti-Micro Bilium Nano Imulsion dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
varfj{k vkSj çfrj{kk (Space and Defence)

zzLisl ,yhosVj dk dscy rS;kj djus esa uSuks rduhd ennxkj lkfcr gksrh gSA bldh enn ls ,sls iQkbcj fodflr
fd;s tk ldrs gSa] tks ”;knk e”kcwr vkSj de o”ku ds gksrs gSaA jkWdsV rduhd ds vykok Lisl ,yhosVj Hkh varfj{k
rd tkus dh rduhd gSA ;g dkcZu uSuks V~;wc fjcu dk mi;ksx Hkh djrh gSA
zzuSuks fNæ ;qDr inkFkks±] tSls& ,jkstsYl vkfn dk ?kuRo dkiQh de gksrk gS] blfy;s ;s dkiQh gYds gksrs gSaA bl xq.k
dk mi;ksx de o”ku ds foekuksa dks rS;kj djus vkSj çfrj{kk {ks=k dh fofHkUu rduhdksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA uSuks inkFkks±
dk mi;ksx dj lSfudksa ds fy;s gYds cqysV çwiQ tSdsV Hkh rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa] tks ”;knk dBksj vkSj Å"ek çfrjksèkd
gksrs gSaA uSuks vkSj ekbØks lsalj dk mi;ksx fuxjkuh j[kus ds dk;ks± esa Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzdkcZu uSuks V~;wcksas (Carbon Nanotubes–CNTs) dk bLrseky dj de o”ku ds foekuksa dks rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk
gS] lkFk gh bldh e”kcwrh dks vkSj vfèkd c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA ok;qeaMy esa vkus okys cnykoksa vkSj cM+s Hkw&Hkkxksa
ij ikuh vkfn dk irk yxkus vkSj fuxjkuh j[kus ds fy;s uSuks lsalj rSukr fd;s tkrs gSaA
i;kZoj.k vkSj LokLF; (Environment and Health)
zzçnw"k.k ij fuxjkuh j[kus okys uSuks lsaljksa dk mi;ksx dj i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k ij dkiQh lVhdrk ds lkFk u”kj j[kh tk
ldrh gSA
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zzuSuks bathfu;fjax ds ekè;e ls ,sls uSuks inkFkks± dh dksfVax f[kM+fd;ksa vkSj fofHkUu eg¡xs lkekuksa ij dh tk ldrh gS]
ftlls çnw"kdksa dk mu ij dksbZ çHkko u iM+ ldsA
zzVkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM (TiO2) ds uSuksd.kksa dk mi;ksx izdk'k&mRizsjd (Photocatalyst) ds :i esa Hkh fd;k tkrk
gSA izdk'k&mRizsjd] izdk'k dh mifLFkfr esa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k dh nj dks c<+k nsrs gSaA ^DyksjksfiQy* Hkh ,d izdkj
dk izdk'k&mRizsjd gS] ;g izdk'k dks vo'kksf"kr dj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM rFkk ty dks vkWDlhtu rFkk Xywdks”k esa
cny nsrk gSA ogha uSuks VkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM izdk'k dh mifLFkfr esa dkcZfud inkFkks± dks CO2 rFkk H2O esa
rksM+us gsrq] rh{.k vkWDlhdkjd ,tsaVksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA uSuks TiO2 ds bl xq.k dk mi;ksx dkcZfud iznw"kdksa ls
fuiVus gsrq] ty rFkk ok;q ds 'kq¼hdj.k] lsYiQ&Dyhfuax vkfn esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzde ykxr ij ikuh ds 'kq¼hdj.k eas Hkh uSuks rduhd dkiQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gSA dkcZu uSuks V~;wc dh f>fYy;ksa
ls ikuh dk 'kq¼hdj.k vkSj fiQYVªs'ku lLrh ykxr ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA uSuks lsalj dk mi;ksx dj ikuh esa ekStwn
vif'k"V inkFkks± dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA uSuks VkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM Hkh ikuh esa ekStwn bZ&dksykbZ tSls cSDVhfj;k dks
mnklhu cuk ldrk gSA
zzoSKkfudksa us ,d uSuks iQSfczd isij rkSfy;k Hkh fodflr fd;k gS] ftls iksVsf'k;e eSaxuh”k vkWDlkbM ds irys eghu
rkjksa ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok ^,jkstsYl* vius vfèkd lrg {ks=kiQy ds dkj.k vius o”ku ls 16 xquk
”;knk rsy dk vo'kks"k.k dj ldrk gSA ;s Liat dh rjg dke djrs gSaA rsy dk vo'kks"k.k djus ds ckn bu Liatksa
dks gVk;k tk ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd] ;s dkiQh eg¡xs Hkh gksrs gSaA
zzçnwf"kr Hkwfexr ty vkjS feVV~h ds fy;s vk;ju uSuks d.kkas dh mi;ksfxrk ij Hkh 'kksèk py jgk gSA ok;q dh mifLFkfr
esa vk;ju dk vkWDlhdj.k gksrk gS] ftlls bl ij tax yx tkrk gS] ysfdu tc bldk vkWDlhdj.k VªkbZ Dyksjks bfFkyhu
(TCE)] dkcZu VsVªkDyksjkbM tSls çnw"kdksa dh mifLFkfr esa gksrk gS rks ;s dkcZfud v.kq dkcZu ds de fo"kSys ?kVdksa esa
cny tkrs gSaA bl rjg vk;ju uSuks d.k vkS|ksfxd dpjs ds 'kq¼hdj.k esa dke vkrs gSaA
zzflYoj uSuksd.kksa esa dkiQh e”kcwr thok.kqjksèkd {kerk gksrh gSA cgqr ls inkFkks± dh lrgksa ij thok.kqvksa dks iuius ls
jksdus esa bldk bLrseky gksrk gSA
zzuSuks rduhd okys lsalj vkSj foy;u gkfudkjd jklk;fud vkSj tSfod ?kVdksa dh igpku] fuLrkj.k vkSj mUgsa mnklhu
cukus esa csgn çHkkoh gksrs gSaA lksus ds uSuks d.k ikuh esa ekStwn isLVhlkbM~l ls fØ;k dj mUgsa ikuh ls vyx djus
ds dke vkrs gSaA flYoj uSuks d.k ikuh ds fiQYVjksa] ,;jdaMh'kujksa vkSj okf'kax e'khuksa esa cgqr mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA
dkWLesfVDl (Cosmetics)
fofHkUu dkWLesfVDl mRiknksa (Øhe] 'kSaiw] yks'ku bR;kfn) esa uSuks Lrj ds inkFkks±] ;Fkk& f”kad vkWDlkbM vkSj VkbVsfu;e
MkbvkWDlkbM dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA blls mRiknksa ds Dyhfuax vkSj lks[kus ds xq.kksa esa c<+ksrjh gksrh gSA lkFk gh mRiknksa dh
vkWDlhdj.k jksèkh vkSj thok.kq jksèkh {kerk Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA uSuks inkFkZ ;qDr dkWLesfVDl mRikn cgqr de ek=kk esa bLrseky
fd;s tk ldrs gSa] D;ksafd mudh lkaærk dkiQh vfèkd gksrh gSA
fpfdRlk ds {ks=k esa uSuks izkS|ksfxdh

csfly dSyesV&xq,fju (BCG) oSDlhu
zzBCG oSDlhu NksVs cPpksa esa Vhch ds çlkj ds f•ykiQ çHkkoh gSA
zz;g oSDlhu nks çdkj dh çfrj{kk dksf'kdkvksa dks 'kkfey djrh gS& çHkkodkjh eseksjh Vh dksf'kdk,¡ (Effector
Memory T Cells) vkSj dsaæh; eseksjh Vh dksf'kdk,¡ (Central Memory T Cells)A
zzVhch cSDVhfj;k ds f•ykiQ rRdky çfrj{kk çfrfØ;k dks c<+kus esa dsanzh; Vh&eseksjh@eseksjh Vh dksf'kdk,¡ egÙoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSaA
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zzdsaæh; eseksjh Vh dksf'kdk,¡ cPpksa esa nh?kZdkfyd çfrj{kk ç.kkyh dks cuk, j•us esa enn djrh gSa] ysfdu dqN le;
ds ckn_ budh la[;k Lor% de gks tkrh gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] cPpksa dks i;kZIr lqj{kk çkIr ugha gksrh gS ftlls BCG
Vhdkdj.k ds ckotwn Hkh o;Ld yksx Vhch laØe.k dh pisV esa vk tkrs gSaA
uSuksd.kksa ds :i esa djD;wfeu (Curcumin) rFkk budh çHkko'khyrk
zzBCG oSDlhu dh çHkkodkfjrk c<+kus dk ,d rjhdk dsaæh; eseksjh Vh dksf'kdkvksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼ djuk gS rkfd
os yacs le; rd cuh jgsa vkSj yach vofèk ds fy;s çfrj{kk çnku djsaA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk fd;s x, 'kksèk esa ik;k x;k fd pwgksa dks BCG dk Vhdk yxkus ds rqjar ckn djD;wfeu uSuksd.kksa
dk batsD'ku yxkus ls dsaæh; eseksjh Vh dksf'kdkvksa esa mYys•uh; o`f¼ gqbZA
zzdjD;wfeu tUetkr çfrj{kk dksf'kdkvksa dks eSØksiQst (Macrophages) vkSj MsaMªkbfVd (Dendritic) dksf'kdkvksa ds :i
esa lfØ; djus esa Hkh enn djrk gSA eSØksiQst ds vanj Vhch ds thok.kq mifLFkr gksrs gSa vkSj o`f¼ djrs gSa] ysfdu
,d ckj djD;wfeu uSuksd.kksa ds lfØ; gksus ls] eSØksiQst vkSj MsaMªkbfVd dksf'kdkvksa ls cSDVhfj;k u"V gks tkrs gSaA
zz;g Vhch&fof'k"V vfèkxzghr çfrj{kk dksf'kdkvksa (TB-Specific Acquired Immune Cells) Th1 vkSj Th17 ds
Lrj dks c<+krk gS vkSj lkFk gh dqN vU; dksf'kdkvksa (Th2 vkSj Tregs) ds Lrj dks de djrk gS ftlls BCG
oSDlhu dh çHkkodkfjrk esa lqèkkj gksrk gSA
zzVhch laØe.k ds ckn] Th2 vkSj Tregs dksf'kdkvksa dk Lrj c<+rk gS vkSj os Th1 vkSj Th17 çfrfØ;kvksa ds
lqj{kkRed çHkko dks jksdrs gSaA
zz;g ,d rjg ls o;Ld iYeksujh Vhch (Adult Pulmonary TB) ls lqj{kk çnku djrk gSA
uSuks rduhd ls tqM+s tksf[ke vkSj bldk LokLF; ij nq"çHkko

(Risk Associated with Nanotechnology and its Side Effect on Health)
zztgk¡ ,d rjiQ uSuks rduhd LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.kh; mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s cgqr mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gS] ogha
blds fof'k"V xq.kksa] tSls& rhoz fØ;k'khyrk vkSj dksf'kdkvksa dh f>Yyh dks Hksnus dh {kerk ds pyrs LokLF; vkSj
i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys çfrdwy çHkkoksa us Hkh oSKkfudksa vkSj 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks fpafrr fd;k gSA lcls ”;knk [+krjk
eqDr voLFkk esa jgus vkSj fofufeZr gksus okys uSuksd.kksa vkSj uSuks V~;wc ls gSA euq"; ds LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk ij bu
eqDr uSuksd.kksa dk csgn çfrdwy vlj gksrk gS] D;ksafd ;s fofHkUu lzksrksa ls euq"; ds 'kjhj esa ços'k dj ldrs gSaA
ftu txgksa ij bu uSuks inkFkks± dk fofuekZ.k gksrk gS] ogk¡ dke djus okys yksxksa ds 'kjhj esa buds ços'k dj tkus dh
laHkkouk dkiQh ”;knk gksrh gSA [kk| inkFkks± vkSj dkWLesfVDl inkFkks± esa fefJr fd;s tkus okys uSuks d.kkas ds 'kjhj esa
ços'k djus dh laHkkouk Hkh cuh jgrh gSA
zzuSuksd.kksas ds 'kjhj esa ços'k djus dh ço`fÙk ds dkj.k dbZ çdkj dh LokLF; tksf[ke iSnk gks tkrh gSA pw¡fd vfèkdka'k
uSuks inkFkZ (Nanomaterial)] ok;qokfgr (Airborne) gksrs gSa] tcfd buds 'kjhj esa ços'k djus ds fy;s lkekU; ekxZ
'olu ç.kkyh gh gksrk gSA vr% uSuks d.k eq[;r% rhu çdkj ls 'kjhj esa ços'k djrs gSa&
1. var%'olu (Inhalation): uSuks d.k vkdkj esa cgqr gh NksVs gksrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k muesa vR;fèkd xfr vkSj
gok esa Åij mBus dh ço`fÙk jgrh gSA vr% os 'olu çfØ;k ds nkSjku 'kjhj esa vklkuh ls ços'k djrs gSa rFkk
'olu ekxZ esa tek gks tkrs gSaA rRi'pkr~ jDr dh èkkjk esa ços'k dj 'kjhj ds nwljs vaxksa rd vklkuh ls LFkkukarfjr
gks tkrs gSaA
2. varxzZg.k (Ingestion): uSuks d.k] tks fd NksVs&NksVs d.kksa ds :i esa okrkoj.k esa fo|eku gksrs gSa] dk fuEu çdkj
ls varxzZg.k (Ingestion) gks ldrk gS& (i) E;wdl (Mucus) dks fuxyus ij] tks fd okrkoj.k esa mifLFkr
NksVs&NksVs d.kksa dks vo'kksf"kr vkSj lkiQ djrk gS (ii) nwf"kr Hkkstu ;k ikuh dk varxzZg.k_ (iii) nwf"kr lrgksa vkSj
gkFkksa ds lkFk laidZ vkfnA
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3.Ropk Li'kZ (Skin Contact): uSuks inkFkk±s ds fuek.kZ ds nkSjku rFkk nwf"kr lrgksa ds laidZ gksus ls uSuks ikfVZdy
gekjs 'kjhj esa lhèks ços'k dj ldrs gSaA gkyk¡fd] ;g vHkh rd Kkr ugha gqvk gS fd lkekU; rkSj ij ;s d.k
Ropk dks fdl ek=kk esa uqdlku igq¡pk ldrs gSaA
zzblds vfrfjDr oSKkfud vuqlaèkku esa çnf'kZr uSuks inkFkZ ls iM+us okys çfrdwy çHkko fuEu gSa&
uSuks ikfVZdYl (Nanoparticles) ls isQiQM+s esa lwtu (Pulmonary Inflammation) vkSj isQiQM+s esa V~;wej (Lung
Tumours) gks ldrk gSA
uSuksd.kksa esa lkekU;r% gksus okyh fØ;k,¡] tSls& vkWDlhdkjd fØ;k,¡] budh jklk;fud lajpuk] fØLVyh; lajpuk
rFkk buds cgqr NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k ;s d.k dksf'kdkvksa ds fy;s fo"kkDr (Toxic) gks ldrs gSaA
ok;qokfgr uSuksd.kksa (Airborne Nanoparticles) ds Jfedksa ds 'kjhj esa ços'k djus ls isQiQM+ksa ij çfrdwy çHkko
iM+rk gS] ftldh o”kg ls ân; ls lacafèkr dbZ çdkj ds jksx (vLFkek] czksadkbfVl] isQiQM+ksa esa baisQD'ku] iQkbczksfVd
ân;jksx vkfn) gksus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA
zzorZeku le; rd uSuks inkFkks± ds HkkSfrd rFkk jklk;fud xq.kksa ls lacafèkr ”;knk vuqlaèkku ugha fd;k x;k gS] blfy;s
gekjs ikl buds fo"k; esa vi;kZIr tkudkjh gS vkSj gesa buls gksus okys uqdlku ,oa laHkkfor tksf[ke dh ,d
Li"V rLohj dk vank”kk de gSA gkyk¡fd] uSuks inkFkks± dh vf}rh; jklk;fud lajpukvksa ds dkj.k buls vR;fèkd
ngu'khyrk] vR;fèkd vkx vkSj foLiQksV ds [krjs laHko gks ldrs gSaA
zzvHkh ftu mRiknksa dks ysdj [kkl fpark,¡ gSa] os gSa& uSuks flYoj vkSj dkcZu uSuks V~;wcA uSuks flYoj ,d thok.kqjksèkh
inkFkZ gS] tks eksts vkSj Vh'kVZ tSls diM+ksa esa nqx±èk iSnk djus okys thok.kqvksa ds fodkl ij jksd yxkrk gS] tcfd
dkcZu uSuks V~;wc ls cus diM+ksa dks MªkbZDyhfuax dh Hkh ”k:jr ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd uSuks IkQkbcj dh eksVkbZ ls mldk
jax fuèkkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS] tks fd dkcZu js'kksa ds ijkorZd xq.kksa ls laHko gksrk gSA
zzoSKkfudksa dk dguk gS fd uSuks flYoj fdlh Cyhp ls Hkh nksxqus vuqikr esa thok.kqvksa dks ekjrk gSA ”kkfgj gS] blls
mi;ksxh thok.kq Hkh cM+h la[;k esa ekjs tkrs gksaxsA uSuks flYoj okys diM+ksa dh èkqykbZ ds ckn tks ikuh ukyksa ds ”kfj;s
ty lzksrksa esa tkrk gS] mlds nq"çHkkoksa dk fliQZ vank”kk gh yxk;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd uSuks iQkbcj ls iQsiQM+ksa ds
mlh rjg ds jksx gksus dh vk'kadk trkbZ tk jgh gS] tSlk fd ,LcsLVl ds js'kksa ds dkj.k gksrs gSaA
zzuSuks&fpfdRlk dh ckr djsa rks oSKkfudksa us vkxkg fd;k gS fd 'kjhj ds Hkhrj viuk dke djus ds ckn u"V ugha
gksus okys vkSj Hkhrj gh cus jgus okys uSuks inkFkZ vaxksa dh ukdkeh dk dkj.k cu ldrs gSaA
uSuksiQkekZL;qfVdYl gsrq fn'kk&funsZ'k (Guidelines for Nanopharmaceuticals)

24 vDVwcj] 2019 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkkjr esa uSuksiQkekZL;qfVdYl (Nanopharmaceuticals) ds ewY;kadu gsrq
fn'kk&funZs'k tkjh fd;s gSaA
lanHkZ
zzuSuksiQkekZL;wfVdYl ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gS tks yf{kr nok forj.k ds y{; ds lkFk mldh çHkkodkfjrk vkSj lqj{kk
çksiQkby esa lqèkkj ds mís'; ls iQkekZL;wfVdy vkSj ck;ksesfMdy lkbal ds lkFk uSuks VsDuksykWth dks ,dhÑr djrh gSA
zz;s fn'kk&funZs'k uohu uSuksiQkWeZwys'ku Nanoformulations) dh xq.koÙkk] lqj{kk vkSj çHkkodkfjrk ds vkdyu ds fy;s
vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSA
zzbu fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk mís'; Hkkjr esa uSuksiQkekZL;wfVdYl ds fy;s ikjn'khZ] lqlaxr vkSj iwokZuqes; fu;ked ekxZ çnku
djuk gSA
foLrkj&{ks=k
zzrS;kj iQkeZwys'ku ds :i esa uSuksiQkekZL;wfVdYlA
zz,d u, v.kq ds lfØ; iQkekZL;wfVdy la?kVd (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-API)A
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zzigys ls LohÑr ;k vuqeksfnr oSls v.kq ftuds uSuksLdsy vk;keksa vkSj xq.kksa esa ifjorZu fd;k x;k gksA
zzmipkj] bu fooks ijh{k.k (In Vivo Diagnosis)] 'keu] bykt ;k chekfj;ksa vkSj fodkjksa dh jksdFkke ds fy;s bLrseky
dh tkus okyh uSuks rduhd ds vuqç;ksx ls tqM+h ?kVuk,¡A
bu fooks (In Vivo) vkSj bu foVªks (In Vitro) esa varj
zzbu fooks (In Vivo)% bu fooks (In Vivo) 'kCn ,d fpfdRlk ijh{k.k] ç;ksx ;k çfØ;k dks lanfHkZr djrk gS tks
,d thfor tho (ç;ksx'kkyk tho ;k ekuo) ij fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbu foVªks (In Vitro)% bu foVªks (In Vitro) 'kCn bu fooks ds foijhr] ,d fpfdRlk vè;;u ;k ç;ksx dks lanfHkZr
djrk gS tks ç;ksx'kkyk esa ,d ijh{k.k VÔwc vkfn midj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA
mi;ksfxrk ,oa laHkkfor ykHk
zzuSuksiQkekZL;wfVdYl dh 'kq#vkr ds lkFk uSuksdSfj;j vkèkkfjr yf{kr nok forj.k (Nanocarrier Based Targeted
Drug Delivery) ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA
zzmPp çHkkodkfjrk] de fo"kkÙkQrk ds lkFk&lkFk ;s uSuksiQkWeZwys'kal ikjaifjd nokvksa dh rqyuk esa vfèkd lqjf{kr gksrs gSaA
zzHkkjrh; 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks fu;ked fn'kk&funZs'kksa ds vuq:i vuqlaèkku djus dh lqfoèkk gksxhA
zzmRikn fodkl vkSj O;olk;hdj.k ls lacafèkr vuqlaèkku ikbiykbu dh 'kq#vkr esa m|ksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok feysxkA
zzfn'kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd;s tkus ls fu;ked ç.kkyh etcwr gksxh] ftlls futh fuos'k dks c<+kok feysxkA
zzfn'kk&funZs'k fu;ked vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i vuqokn lacaèkh lqfoèkk çnku djsaxsA
zzfn'kk&funZs'k uSuks rduhd ij vkèkkfjr u, mRiknksa dh eatwjh ds nkSjku fu;ked }kjk fu.kZ; ysus dh lqfoèkk Hkh nsaxs
vkSj blh rjg 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks vius mRiknksa dks ck”kkj esa ykWUp djus ds fy, eatwjh ysuh gksxhA
zzck”kkj esa fn'kk&funZs'kksa ds vuqlkj çR;kf'kr ,oa lqfuf'pr xq.koÙkk okys mRiknksa dh vkiwfrZ ls vafre mi;ksxdÙkkZ Hkh
ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
zz;g nLrkos”k uSuks&rduhd ij vkèkkfjr Ñf"k esa ç;qÙkQ dPps eky o Ñf"k&mRikn] lkSan;Z çlkèku ,oa çR;kjksi.k
midj.k tSls vU; {ks=kksa ds fy;s lqj{kk fn'kk&funZs'k fodflr djus gsrq çksRlkfgr djsxkA
zzfn'kk&funZs'k uSuksiQkekZL;wfVdYl tSlh vR;kèkqfud rduhd ds egÙoiw.kZ ykHkksa ds nksgu gsrq ekxZ ç'kLr djsaxs vkSj
^lHkh ds fy;s lLrh LokLF; ns•Hkky* ds fe'ku dks iwjk djus esa lg;ksxh fl¼ gksaxsA
fodkldÙkkZ
bu fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk fodkl tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (Department of Biotechnology-DBT) ds leUo; ls
fuEufyf•r ea=kky;ksa ds varj&ea=kky;h ç;klksa ds ifj.kke gSaA
zzfoKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky;
tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (Department of Biotechnology-DBT)
zzLokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky;
Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (Indian Council of Medical Research-ICMR) ,oa
dsaæh; vkS"kfèk ekud fu;a=k.k laxBu (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization-CDSCO)
lacafèkr uoksUes"k (Related Innovation)

DokaVe vkWIVksbysDVªkWfuDl (Quantum Optoelectronics)
twu 2019 esa vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- enzkl ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us f}foeh; fiQYe (Dimensional Film) ij xksYM ds uSuksd.kksa
(Nanoparticles) dh MªkWi&dkfLVax djds VaxLVu MkblsysukbM (Tungsten Diselenide- WSe2) ds vkWIVks&bysDVªkWfud
xq.kksa (vkWfIVDl vkSj bysDVªkWfuDl dk la;kstu) esa yxHkx 30 xquk rd o`f¼ djus ds mik; dh [kkst dh gSA
157
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
,d ljy izfØ;k esa ,d vèk%Lrj (Substrate) ij fdlh fofy;u dks cwan&cwan djds Vidkus@fxjkus dh izfØ;k
dks MªkWi dkfLVax dgk tkrk gSA
zzmYys[kuh; gS fd bl vè;;u dk lcls pqukSrhiw.kZ igyw dejs ds rkieku 100 dsfYou rd bu inkFkks± dk fu;af=kr
iQksVksyqfeuslsal (Photoluminescence) eki djuk FkkA
izeq[k fcanq
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk fd;k x;k ;g 'kksèk ,IykbM fiQftDl ysVlZ (Applied Physics Letters) uked foKku if=kdk
esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
zzVaxLVu MkblsysukbM (WSe2) vkSj eksfyCMsue MkblsysukbM (MoSe2) tSls inkFkks± dk muds vkWIVksbysDVªkWfud xq.kksa
(Opto-Electronic Properties) ds fo'ys"k.k ds fy;s xgu vè;;u fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzbu inkFkks± dk ,d izeq[k xq.k izdk'k lanhfIr@iQksVksyqfeuslsal (Photoluminescence-PL) gS] ftlesa inkFkZ izdk'k dks
vo'kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj bls LisDVªe ds :i esa fiQj ls mRl£tr djrk gSA
zziQksVksyqfeuslasl xq.kksa dk mi;ksx fofHkUu midj.kksa tSls fd DokaVe LED rFkk mi;ksx lapkj vkSj vfHkdyu
(Computation) esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzv¼Zpkydksa esa bysDVªkWu ÅtkZ cSaM ds :i esa tqMs+ jgrs gSa ftls la;kstdrk cSaM (Valance Band) dgk tkrk gS vkSj
;s bysDVªkWu ds pkyu esa ;ksxnku djrs gSaA ijarq] tSls gh buesa ckgj ls dqN ÅtkZ lapkfyr@viokfgr dh tkrh gS
ftls pkyu cSaM (Conduction Band) dgk tkrk gS] rks ;s v¼Zpkyd vLFkk;h gks ldrs gSa vkSj pkjksa rjiQ ls
pkyu esa ;ksxnku dj ldrs gSaA
isVªksfy;e vif'k"V VkWyqbZu dk ifjorZu (Change of Petroleum Waste Toluene)

ekpZ 2019 esa Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (IIT) eækl dh nks&lnL;h; Vhe us IySfVue uSuksdSVfyLV (Platinum
Nanocatalyst) dk mi;ksx djrs gq, isVªksfy;e vif'k"V&mRikn VkWyqbZu ls csatksbd ,flM cukus esa liQyrk çkIr dh
gSA
zzcsatksbd ,flM dk mi;ksx •k| ifjj{kd (E210) vkSj dod ,oa thok.kq laØe.k ds fy;s nok ds :i esa fd;k
tkrk gSA
zzVkWyqbZu ,d mRçsjd ^ckbZusfÝFky&LVsfCy'M IySfVue uSuks ikfVZdYl (Binaphthyl-stabilised Platinum Nanoparticles-
Pt-BNP) dh mifLFkfr esa fuf'pr ,oa fu;af=kr vkWDlhdj.k ds ekè;e ls csatksbd ,flM esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzvkerkSj ij VkWyqbZu ds vkWDlhdj.k esa pkj mRikn csatksbd ,flM] vYdksgy] ,fYMgkbM vkSj ,LVj çkIr gksrs gSaA
ysfdu tc mRçsjd (ckbZusfÝFky&LVsfCy'M IySfVue uSuksikfVZdYl) dh mifLFkfr esa bldk vkWDlhdj.k djk;k tkrk
gS rks dsoy csatksbd ,flM dk mRiknu gksrk gSA
zzVhe }kjk fodflr bl mRçsjd }kjk jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ xbZ gSA
zzvkerkSj ij IySfVue uSuksikfVZdYl çÑfr esa LFkk;h voLFkk esa çkIr ugha gksrs gSa D;ksafd os ,XyksesjsV (Agglomerate-
ladqyu) djds eSØksikfVZdYl cu tkrs gSaA iQyLo:i mRçsjd xfrfofèk de gks tkrh gSA
zzckbZuSfÝFky tks IySfVue uSuksikfVZdYl ls caèkk gksrk gS] ,d LVscykbtj ds :i esa dke djrk gS vkSj uSuksikfVZdYl
ds ladqyu@<sj (Agglomerate) cuus dh çfØ;k dks jksdrk gSA
zzvkerkSj ij tc VkWyqbZu dks vkWDlhdj.k djds csatksbd ,flM çkIr fd;k tkrk gS rks vkWDlhtu v.kq vdsys VkWyqbZu
dk vkWDlhdj.k ugha djrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i dksbZ Hkh csatksbd ,flM ugha curk gSA
158
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzblfy;s 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ,d vkWDlhMkbtj (Oxidiser) ds :i esa TBHP dk bLrseky fd;kA mRçsjd TBHP ds
lkFk vkWDlhdj.k çfrfØ;k 'kq: djus ds fy;s çfrfØ;k djrk gS] tgk¡ VkWyqbZu çfrfØ;k pj.kksa dh ,d Ükà[kyk ds
ekè;e ls csatksbd ,flM esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
lsysfu;e&xzSiQhu mRçsjd
(Selenium-Graphene Catalyst)
twu 2019 esa Hkkjr dh ,d cgq&laLFkkxr Vhe (Multi-Institutional Team) us lsysfu;e&xzSiQhu&vkèkkfjr mRçsjd
(Selenium- Graphene-based catalyst) fodflr fd;k gSA mYys•uh; gS fd ;g mRçsjd IySfVue (Platinum) vkèkkfjr
mRçsjd dh rqyuk esa mPp dksfV dk gS rFkk vR;fèkd çHkkoh gS ,oa bldh ykxr Hkh de gSA
oSKkfud vkSj vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku ifj"kn&mÙkj iwoZ foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku
(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research - North East Institute of Science and Tech-
nology - CSIR-NEIST)
zzbldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1961 esa tksjgkV esa oSKkfud vkSj vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (CSIR) dh cgq&fo"k;d ç;ksx'kkyk
ds :i esa gqbZ FkhA
zzbldh vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa dk çeq• mn~ns'; Lons'kh rduhd }kjk Hkkjr dh vikj çkÑfrd laink dk
egÙke mi;ksx djuk gSA
zzfoxr o"kks± esa] ç;ksx'kkyk us ,xzksVsDuksykWth] tSfod vkSj rsy {ks=k jlk;u ds {ks=kksa esa 100 ls vfèkd çkS|ksfxfd;k¡
fodflr dh gSa] ftuesa ls yxHkx 40» çkS|ksfxfd;ksa us fofHkUu m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk djus ,oa mudh O;kolkf;d
liQyrk esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
gfjr uSuks izkS|ksfxdh (Green Nanotechnology)
zzgfjr uSuks izkS|ksfxdh ,d lw{e foKku gS ftlds varxZr bl ckr dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd ;g rduhd i;kZoj.k
dks dSls ykHk igq¡pk ldrh gS] tSls& fofuekZ.k izfØ;k ds }kjk de ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx djds] mi;ksx ds ckn mRiknksa
dk iqupZØ.k (Recycle) djus dh {kerk vkSj i;kZoj.k vuqdwy lkexzh dk mi;ksx djdsA
zzgfjr uSuks izkS|ksfxdh dks LoPN izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds fodkl ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;k gSA lexzrk ls vxj ns[ksa rks gfjr
uSuks izkS|ksfxdh ds eq[;r% nks y{; gksrs gSa& (i) i;kZoj.k ;k ekuo LokLF; dks uqdlku igq¡pk, fcuk uSuks inkFkks± vkSj
mRiknksa dk mRiknu] (ii) uSuks mRiknksa dk mRiknu tks i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa dks lekèkku iznku djrs gSaA
vè;k;&9
^jktLFkku esa foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh; fodkl * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k
x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
Ñf"k foKku (Agricultural Science)
jktLFkku ds xBu ds le; jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ewyr% Ñf"k vFkZO;oLFkk Fkh D;ksafd vkS|ksfxd vkSj lsok {ks=k esa
fodkl dk Lrj cgqr fuEu FkkA Ñf"k xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh xq.kkRed :i ls cgqr fuEu Lrjh; Fkh vkSj Ñf"k leqnk;ksa dh
vkfFkZd fLFkfr dkiQh n;uh; FkhA jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk eas Ñf"k ds egÙo dks ns[krs gq, jkT; esa Ñf"k mRiknu esa
o`f¼ lqfuf'pr djus] Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ xfrfofèk;ksa esa layXu cM+h vkcknh ds fy;s csgrj thou 'kSyh ,oa Ñf"k dks ekulwu
dh vfuf'prrkvksa vkSj izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls cpkus ds fy;s dbZ dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSaA Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k dh
xfrfofèk;ksa esa izkFkfed :i ls iQly] i'kqèku] okfudh ,oa eRL; lfEefyr gSaA Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk
dk eq[; vkèkkj jgk gS ,oa jkT; ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa bldk izeq[k ;ksxnku gSA
159
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkw&mi;ksx (Land Utilisation)
jkT; dk dqy izfrosfnr HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy o"kZ 2017–18 esa 342.87 yk[k gsDVs;j gSA blesa ls 8.04 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy
(27.56 yk[k gsDVs;j) okfudh ds varxZr] 5.78 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy Hkw&mi;ksx lkaf[;dh 2017–18 izfr'kr
(19.83 yk[k gsDVs;j ) Ñf"k ds vfrfjDr vU; mi;ksxh Hkwfe ds okfudh 8.04
varxZr] 6.95 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy (23.83 yk[k gsDVs;j) mQlj rFkk Ñf"k
Ñf"k ds vfrfjDr vU; mi;ksxh Hkwfe 5.78
v;ksX; Hkwfe ds varxZr] 4.88 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy (16.73 yk[k gsDVs;j)
Ålj rFkk Ñf"k v;ksX; Hkwfe 6.95
LFkk;h pjkxkg rFkk vU; xkspj Hkwfe ds varxZr] 0.07 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy
(0.24 yk[k gsDVs;j) o`{kksa ds >qaM rFkk ckx ds varxZr] 11.17 izfr'kr
LFkk;h pjkxkg rFkk vU; xkspj Hkwfe 4.88
{ks=kiQy (38.31 yk[k gsDVs;j) catj Hkwfe ds varxZr] 5.81 izfr'kr o`{kksa ds >qaM rFkk ckx 0.07
{ks=kiQy (19.92 yk[k gsDVs;j) vU; pkyw iM+r (ijrh) Hkwfe ds catj Hkwfe 11.17
varxZr] 5.08 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy (17.42 yk[k gsDVs;j) pkyw iM+r vU; pkyw iM+r (ijrh) Hkwfe 5.81
(ijrh) ds varxZr ,oa 52.22 izfr'kr (179.03 yk[k gsDVs;j) 'kq¼ pkyw iM+r (ijrh) 5.08
cks, x, {ks=kiQy ds varxZr gSA 'kq¼ cks;k x;k {ks=kiQy 52.22
jktLFkku esa okfudh (Forestry in Rajasthan)

jkT; esa okfudh ifjn`';
izns'k dk dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy 3,42,239 oxZ fdeh-
izns'k dk dqy ou {ks=k 32,845.30 oxZ fdeh-
dqy HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dk izfr'kr ou {ks=k 9.597
izns'k dk dqy oukoj.k (2019–20) 16,630 oxZ fdeh-
o`{kkoj.k 8,112 oxZ fdeh-
oukoj.k ,oa o`{kkoj.k 24,742 oxZ fdeh-
jkT; i'kq fpadkjk ,oa Å¡V
jkT; i{kh xksMko.k
jkT; o`{k [kstM+h
jkT; iq"i jksfgM+k
jk"Vªh; m|ku 3
oU; tho vHk;kj.; 27
ck?k ifj;kstuk,¡ 3 (j.kFkaHkkSj] lfjLdk ,oa eqdanjk fgYl)
jkelj LFky 2 (dsoyknso us'kuy ikdZ ,oa lkaHkj >hy)
lajf{kr {ks=k (datosZ'ku fj”koZ) 14
dqy izknsf'kd eaMy 38
oU; tho eaMy 16
oSèkkfud n`f"V ls jkT; esa ouksa dh fLFkfr

izns'k esa dqy vfHkysf[kr ou {ks=k 32845.30 oxZ fdeh- gSA jktLFkku ou vfèkfu;e] 1953 ds izkoèkkuksa ds vuq:i
oSèkkfud n`f"V ls mDr ou {ks=k dks fuEukuqlkj oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS%&
160
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
oSèkkfud fLFkfr {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-) izfr'kr
1. vkjf{kr ou (Reserved Forest) 12252.28 37.30
2. jf{kr ou (Protected Forest) 18494.97 56.31
3. voxhZÑr ou (Unclassed Forest) 2098.05 6.39
dqy ;ksx 32845.30 100
zzjkT; dk dqy vfHkysf[kr ou (Recoverded forest area ) 32845.30 oxZ fdeh-

zzjkT; ds dqy HkkSkxksfyd {ks=kiQy ds lkis{k vfHkysf[kr ou Hkwfe 9.59 izfr'kr
zzjkT; dk dqy oukoj.k (Forest Cover) 16,630 oxZ fdeh-
vfHkysf[kr ou ds varxZr oukoj.k 12,282 oxZ fdeh-
vfHkysf[kr ou ds ckgj oukoj.k 4348 oxZ fdeh-
zzjkT; dk o`{kkoj.k (Tree Cover) 8112 oxZ fdeh-
zzjkT; dk dqy oukoj.k ,oa o`{kkoj.k (Total Forest Cover and Tree Cover) 24,742 oxZ fdeh-
jkT; ds HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dk 7.23%
izfr O;fDr vkSlru oukoj.k ,oa o`{kkoj.k 0.036 gsDVs;j
tSfod ncko ds ckotwn oukPNkfnr {ks=k esa o`f¼ dks loksZPp izkFkfedrk iznku djrs gq, izkÑfrd ouksa dh fLFkfr
dks LFkkuh; yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk ,oa ou fodkl ds ”kfj;s lqèkkjus dh furkar vko';drk gSA
jkT; esa ou fodkl dh ;kstuk,¡ (Policies Related to Forest Development in State)

jkT; esa ou fodkl dh dbZ ;kstuk,¡ fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSaA ou fodkl ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj ,oa Hkkjr ljdkj
ds vfrfjDr ukckMZ ,oa tkiku baVjus'kuy dks&vkWijs'ku ,tsalh (ts-vkbZ-lh-,-) tkiku ls foÙkh; lg;ksx izkIr gks jgk gSA
jktLFkku okfudh ,oa tSo fofoèkrk ifj;kstuk iQst&2
jktLFkku okfudh ,oa tSo fofoèkrk ifj;kstuk iQst&2 tkiku baVus'kuy dkW&vkWijs'ku ,tsalh (JICA) ds foÙkh;
lg;ksx ls jkTkLFkku jkT; ds nl e#LFkyh; f”kys (lhdj] >qa>quwa] pw:] tkykSj] ckM+esj] tksèkiqj] ikyh] ukxkSj] tSlyesj
chdkusj) ,oa ik¡p xSj&e#LFkyh; f”kys (ck¡lokM+k] Mw¡xjiqj] HkhyokM+k fljksgh] t;iqj) rFkk lkr oU;tho lajf{kr {ks=kksa
(dqaHkyx<+ oU;tho vHk;kj.;] iQqyokM+h dh uky oU;tho vHk;kj.;] t;lean oU;tho vHk;kj.;] lhrkekrk oU;tho
vHk;kj.;] cLrh oU;tho vHk;kj.;] dsyknsoh oU;tho vHk;kj.;] jkoyh Vkbx<+ oU;tho vHk;kj.;) esa fØ;kfUor dh
tk jgh gSA ifj;kstuk xfrfofèk;ksa ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq dqy 650 xk¡o (e#LFkyh; f”kyksa esa 363 xk¡o] xSj&e#LFkyh; f”kyksa
esa 225 xk¡o o oU;tho lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds nks fdyksehVj dh ifjfèk ds {ks=k esa 62 xk¡o) dks fpfÉr fd;k x;k gSA
bl ifj;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; fuEukuqlkj gS&
¶lk>k ou izcaèku (JFM) dh izfØ;k ls djk, x, o`{kkjksi.k ,oa tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds dk;ks± ds }kjk oukPNkfnr
{ks=k esa o`f¼ djuk] tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k ds dk;ks± ds }kjk oukPNkfnr {ks=k esa o`f¼ djuk] tSo fofoèkrk lajf{kr djuk
rFkk ouksa ij fuHkZj tu&leqnk; dh vkthfodk ds voljksa dks c<+kuk vkSj bl izdkj jktLFkku izns'k ds i;kZoj.k laj{k.k
,oa lkekftd o vkfFkZd fodkl esa ;ksxnku djukA¸
;g ifj;kstuk ewyr% 2011–12 ls 2018–19 rd 8 o"kZ gsrq LohÑr dh xbZ FkhA bldh dqy ykxr 1152.53 djksM+
gS] ftlesa ls 884.77 djksM+ dk JICA }kjk Í.k o 267.76 djksM+ jkT; ljdkj dk fgLlk gSA tk;dk ds lkFk gq, Í.k
vuqcaèk dh vDVwcj 2021 rd oSèkrk rFkk vo'ks"k Í.k jkf'k ds dkj.k ifj;kstuk dk;Zofèk esa nks o"kZ dh vfHko`f¼ o"kZ
2019–20 ,oa ,oa 2020–21 gsrq dh xbZ gSA bl vofèk esa dksbZ u;k y{; ugha gSa vfirq dsoy laèkkj.k dk;Z gh djok;s
tk jgs gSA
161
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ifj;kstuk ds varxZr o`{kkjksi.k] Ñf"k okfudh] ty laj{k.k] tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k] xjhch mUewyu ,oa vkthfodk
lao¼Zu] {kerk fuekZ.k ,oa izf'k{k.k] lkeqnkf;d laxBu rFkk izcksèku ,oa ewY;kadu dk;Z ls lacafèkr xfrfofèk;k¡ fØ;kfUor
djokbZ xbZ gS] tcfd vc eq[;r;k laèkkj.k dk;Z djok;k tk jgk gSA vkthfodk laoèkZu xfrfofèk;ksa ds varxZr xSj&ljdkjh
laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls 1948 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk xBu fd;k tk pqdk gSaA
ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ
o"kZ 2011–12 esa ,d u;s ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ (ekfp;k ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ] tksèkiqj) dk fuekZ.k rFkk nks ck;ksykWftdy
ikdZ (lTtux<+ ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ] mn;iqj ,oa ukgjx<+ ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ] t;iqj) ds fodkl dk;Z Hkh izkjaHk fd;s
x;sA lHkh dk;Z iw.kZ gksus ds mijkar lTtux<+ ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ vizSy] 2015 ekfp;k ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ tuojh 2016
,oa ukgjx<+ ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ twu 2016 ls izkjaHk gks x;s gSA blds vfrfjDr vHksM+k ck;ksykWftdy ikdZ] dksVk dk
dk;Z izxfrjr~ gSA
ukckMZ iksf"kr ifj;kstuk (Projects Funded by NABARD)

izns'k esa tyxzg.k {ks=k ds fodkl }kjk jktLFkku dks gjk&Hkjk cuk, tkus gsrq ukckMZ vkSj vkbZ-Mh-,iQ-Vªkap 18 ds
varxZr foÙk iks"k.k ls jkT; ds 17 f”kys (vyoj] Hkjriqj] nkSlk] èkkSyiqj] djkSyh] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] Vksad] vtesj] cw¡nh]
ckjk¡] dksVk] >kykokM+] fpÙkkSM+x<+] izrkix<+] jktlean] fljksgh ,oa mn;iqj) esa iapo"khZ; ifj;kstuk varxZr 52,750 gsDVs;j
{ks=k esa o`{kkjksi.k] Hkw&,oa ty laj{k.k rFkk Ñf"k okfudh dk;ks± gsrq izFke pj.k ds fy;s ` 336.65 djksM+ dh jkf'k dh
LohÑfr ds ckn o"kZ 2012-13 ls dk;ks± dk laiknu fd;k tk jgk gSA ifj;kstuk esa o`{kkjksi.k ds vfrfjDr ty laj{k.k
dk;Z] Ñf"k okfudh ds rgr ou lqj{kk izcaèku lfefr;ksa dk xBu ,oa lqn`<+hdj.k] Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ekè;e ls
vkthfodk lao¼Zu vkfn dk;Z Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSaA ifj;kstuk esa leLr dk;Z Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls rS;kj lw{e
fu;kstu ds vkèkkj ij djk, tk jgs gSaA vc rd ifj;kstuk varxZr 52750 gsDVs;j {ks=k esa o`{kkjksi.k dk dk;Z iw.kZ djk
fy;k x;k gSA ifj;kstuk esa o"kZ 2012–13 esa jkf'k #- 7897.67 yk[k] o"kZ 2013–14 esa jkf'k #- 13317.08 yk[k] o"kZ
2014–15 esa jkf'k #- 5154.31 yk[k] o"kZ 2015–16 esa jkf'k #- 1676.72 yk[k] 2016–17 esa jkf'k #- 915.16 yk[k] o"kZ
2017–18 esa 391.39 yk[k] o"kZ 2018–19 esa 100.62 yk[k #i;s O;; fd;s x, gSA
ifj;kstuk ds mn~ns';
ukckMZ foÙk iksf"kr ifj;kstuk ds eq[; mn~ns'; fuEukuqlkj gSa&
zzl?ku o``{kkjksi.k rFkk ty ,oa e`nk laj{k.k dk;ks± ds ekè;e ls vjkoyh rFkk foaè;kpy ioZrekyk dh ikfjfLFkfrdh;
ra=k iquLFkkZiukA
zzou Hkwfe ds ikl fLFkr o"kkZ vkèkkfjr xSj&ou Hkwfe esa Ñf"k dks c<+kok nsus okyh xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr djuk rkfd
LFkkuh; yksxksa dh ouksa ij fuHkZjrk de gks rFkk mUgsa vkthfodk ds vfrfjDr lkèku fey ldsaA
zz^thu iwy* dk laj{k.k rFkk {ks=k dh tSo fofoèkrk esa vfHko`f¼A
zzjkT; esa y?kq ou mit] b±èku o pkjs dh miyCèkrk dks c<+kukA
zzxzkeh.k ,oa vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa jks”kxkj ds lkèku miyCèk djkdj mudh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lqèkkj djukA
zzlk>k ou izcaèku ds ekè;e ls ou lqj{kk ,oa fodkl esa tu Hkkxhnkjh izkIr djukA
zzjktLFkku jkT; dh ou uhfr] 2010 ds vuq:i jkT; ds 20% HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dks o`{kkPNkfnr djus dk iz;kl djukA
zztyok;q ifjorZu ls gksus okys izHkkoksa dks de djuk rFkk dkcZu flad o dkcZu iwy dks c<+kukA
bu mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s ifjHkkf"kr ou Hkwfe rFkk iapk;r ,oa xkspj Hkwfe ij l?ku o`{kkjksi.k fd;k tk,xk
ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i tyxzg.k {ks=k esa ty laj{k.k gksxk rFkk vklikl fuokl djus okys yksxksa dks flapkbZ gsrq ty
miyCèk gks ldsxkA bl gsrq ifj;kstuk dks 7 iSdstksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gSA
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dSaik dks"k (Campa Fund)
jktLFkku eas ou Hkwfe dk ousrj mi;ksx djus gsrq ou laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1980 ds varxZr ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky;
}kjk ;wtj ,tsalh ls lh,] ,uihoh] ,ih,l o ihlh, ykxw djus dh 'krkZuqlkj jkf'k ,M&gkWd dSaik esa tek dh tkrh gSA
,M&gkWd dSaik esa tek jkf'k izcaèku gsrq uoacj 2009 esa vfèklwpuk Øekad 279/2009 12.11.2009 ls jktLFkku jkT;
LVsV {kfriwfrZ o`{kkjksi.k iQaM eSustesaV ,oa Iykfuax vFkkWfjVh dk xBu ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds vkns'k 10 tqykbZ]
2009 ds varxZr fd;k x;kA bldk mn~ns'; {kfriwfrZ o`{kkjksi.k gsrq ;wtj ,tsalh ls ,df=kr lh, o ,uihoh jkf'k dk
izcaèku djuk gSA
LVsV dSaik dk mn~ns';
zzLVsV dSaik dk xBu ou laj{k.k&lqj{kk] iqu#n~Hkou o ekStwn izkÑfrd ouksa dk izcaèku djukA
zzoU; thoksa o buds vkokl lajf{kr {ks=kksa ds vanj o ckgj dk laj{k.k] lqj{kk ,oa izcaèku djukA
zz{kfriwfrZ o`{kkjksi.k djukA
zzi;kZoj.k laj{k.k djukA
zzfjlpZ] izf'k{k.k o dSisflVh fcfYMaxA
jktLFkku izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk izcaèku vkSj ;kstuk izkfèkdj.k (CAMPA)

jktLFkku esa ou Hkwfe dk ousrj mi;ksx djus gsrq ou laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1980 ds varxZr ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky;
}kjk ou Hkwfe ds ,ot es ;wtj ,stsalh ls lh,- ,uihoh] ,ihlh, ykxw djus dh jkf'k olwy djus dh 'krZ vfèkjksfir
dh tk jgh gS] ou Hkwfe@ouksa dh {kfriwfrZ ds fy;s ,df=kr jkf'k ls ou ,oa oU; tho lqj{kk] fodkl] izcaèku fd;s tkus
gsrq ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds funsZ'kksa ds Øe esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk vfèkfu;e] 2016 rFkk
izfrdjkRed ou jksi.k fufèk fu;ekoyh] 2018 dks 30.09.2018 ls izHkko'khy fd;k x;k gSA bu vfèkfu;e@fu;ekoyh
ds izkoèkkuksa ds varxZr tkjh Hkkjr ljdkj dh vfèklwpuk 14 flracj] 2018 ds }kjk jktLFkku izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk
izcaèku vkSj ;kstuk izkfèkdj.k dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds eq[; fcanq
zzjkT; ljdkj dks iznÙk 'kfDr;ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq,] jktLFkku jkT; ds yksd&ys[kk ds varxZr ¶jkT; izfrdjkRed
oujksi.k fufèk&jktLFkku¸ ftls ¶jkT; fufèk¸ ds uke ls tkuk tk;sxk] dh LFkkiuk dh tk;sxhA
zz;g jkT; fufèk jkT; ljdkj ds fu;a=k.kkèkhu gksxh rFkk bldk izcaèku jktLFkku izfrdkjkRed oujksi.k fufèk izcaèku
vkSj ;kstuk izkfèkdj.k }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA jkT; fufèk esa izkIr fufèk jkT; ds yksd ys[kkvksa ds vèkhu C;kt okyh
fufèk gksxhA jkT; fufèk esa vo'ks"k vO;ixrh; gksxk ,oa ftl ij o"kkZuqo"kZ vkèkkj ij dsanzh; ljdkj ds }kjk ?kksf"kr
nj ds vuqlkj C;kt izkIr gksxkA
zz,MgkWd dSEik esa tek jkf'k esa 90% jkf'k jkT; fufèk esa LFkkukarfjr dh tk;sxh rFkk 10% jkf'k jk"Vªh; izkfèkdj.k esa
tek jgsxhA
zzjkT; fufèk esa izkIr jkf'k dk mi;ksx o`{kk&jksi.k] ou ,oa oU; tho lqj{kk] fodkl ,oa ou rFkk oU; tho dk izcaèku
fd;k tk;sxkA
zzjkT; izkfèkdj.k }kjk izR;sd o"kZ okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk rS;kj dj lapkyu lfefr ls vuqeksnu mijkar jk"Vªh; izkfèkdj.k
dh dk;Zdkjh lfefr ls vuqeksnu ds vuqlkj jkf'k O;; dh tk ldsxhA
zzjkT; izkfèkdj.k ds izHkkoh lapkyu gsrq ,d xofuZx ckWMh jgsxh rFkk bldh lgk;rk ds fy;s ,d lapkyu lfefr
,oa ,d dk;Zdkjh lfefr Hkh jgsxhA
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jktLFkku izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk vfèkfu;e] 2016 dh fØ;kfUor
zzizfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s 10.08.2018 ls izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk fu;e]
2018 tkjh fd;s x;s gSA bu fu;eksa ds rgr 80 izfr'kr jkf'k ou rFkk oU; tho ls lacafèkr vkèkkjHkwr lajpukvksa ds
lqn`<hdj.k ds mi;ksx esa 'kkfey dkfeZdksa dh {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA jkT; fufèk ls varfjr C;kt dk
60 izfr'kr jde dk izkoèkku ou ,oa oU;tho ds laj{k.k rFkk fodkl ds fy;s O;; fd;k tk;sxk vkSj C;kt dk
40% jkT; izkfèkdj.k ds vukorhZ vkSj vkorhZ O;; ds fy;s [kpZ fd;k tk;sxkkA
zzjktLFkku jkT; ds yksd ys[kk varxZr ¶jkT; izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk&jktLFkku¸ ftls ¶jkT; fufèk¸ ds uke ls
tkuk tk,xk] dh LFkkiuk dh tk pqdh gSA
zzjkT; {kfriwfrZ oujksi.k fufèk ds ys[kkadu gsrq foÙk foHkkx }kjk 28 flracj] 2018 dks uohu ctV en [kksy fn;s
x;sA dsanzh; ljdkj us izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s 20 uoacj] 2018 ls
izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk (ys[kkadu izfØ;k) fu;e] 2018 tkjh fd;s] ftlds varxZr eq[; 'kh"kZ] y?kq 'kh"kZ] mi
'kh"kZ [kksys tk pqds gSaA
zzoujksi.k fufèk izcaèku vkSj ;kstuk izkfèkdj.k }kjk jkf'k #- 1748.25 djksM+ jktLFkku izfrdjkRed oujksi.k fufèk izcaèku
vkSj ;kstuk izkfèkdj.k dks 29 vxLr] 2019 dks LFkkukarfjr dh xbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2019–20 dh vuqeksfnr okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk ds vuqlkj foÙk foHkkx jktLFkku ls jkf'k d ekax fd;s tkus ij
muds }kjk jkf'k #- 100.00 djksM+ vkoafVr fd;s x;s gSaA mDr jkf'k fofHkUu ou eaMyksa dks vuqeksfnr dk;Z ds vuqlkj
ou ,oa oU; tho lqj{kk] fodkl ,oa izcaèku dk;Z gsrq vkoafVr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k dk;ZØe (National Afforestation Programme)

i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj us okfudh xfrfofèk;ksa ds ljyhdj.k ,oa muds fØ;kUo;u esa tu lgHkkfxrk
c<+kus ds mn~ns'; ls nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa pkj dsanz izofrZr ;kstukvksa dks ,d dj jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k dk;ZØe
(National Afforestation Programme) ;kstuk dk l`tu fd;k FkkA ;kstukvksa dks ,d djus dk mn~ns'; {ks=k esa py
jgh leku mn~ns';ksa okyh dbZ ;kstukvksa dks ,d djuk] foÙk O;oLFkk dks ykxw djus dh iz.kkyh esa lekurk ykuk FkkA
jk"Vªh; ouhdj.k dk;ZØe ou fodkl vfHkdj.k ds ekè;e ls lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSaA ;s vfHkdj.k xzkE; ou
lqj{kk ,oa izcaèk lfefr ds ekè;e ls dk;Z djkrs gSaA
jkT; esa 33 ou fodkl vfèkdj.k dk;Zjr gSaA 9 tqykbZ] 2010 ls jkT; esa jkT;Lrjh; ^jkT; ou fodkl vfHkdj.k*
dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA ;g vfHkdj.k lkslk;Vh ,DV ds varxZr iathÑr gSA
vuqlaèkku (Research)
jkT; ds ou foHkkx esa vuqlaèkku dk;ks± ds fy;s o"kZ 1956 esa jkT; ou oèkZu vfèkdkjh ds usr`Ro esa ,d flYohdYpj
ou eaMy dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA orZeku esa bl dk;Z dk usr`Ro vfrfjDr izèkku eq[; ou laj{kd Lrj ds vfèkdkjh dj
jgs gSaA vfrfjDr izèkku eq[; ou laj{kd (ou oèkZu) dk;kZy; ds vèkhu xzkl iQkeZ ulZjh] t;iqj] ou vuqlaèkku iQkeZ
xksfoaniqjk] t;iqj] fo'o okfudh o`{k m|ku] >kykuk] t;iqj] cht mRiknu ,oa HkaMkj.k] t;iqj ,oa ou vuqlaèkku iQkeZ]
ck¡dh] mn;iqj dsanz dk;Zjr gSaA ou oèkZu dk;kZy; esa cht ijh{k.k ,oa ty&e`nk ijh{k.k ls lacafèkr nks iz;ksx'kkyk,¡
Hkh gSaA
Ms;jh foKku (Dairy Science)

o"kZ 1970 esa jktLFkku lfgr Hkkjr ds 10 jkT;ksa esa Ms;jh {ks=k esa lgdkfjrk dks c<+kok nsus gsrq ^vkWijs'ku ÝyM*
('osrØkafr) izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g dk;ZØe xqtjkr dh ^vewy i¼fr* ij vkèkkfjr Fkk ftlds lw=kèkkj MkW- oxhZt dqfj;u
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FksA jkT; esa o"kZ 1977 esa jktLFkku lgdkjh Ms;jh isQMjs'ku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA Ms;jh lgdkfjrk esa f=kLrjh; O;oLFkk
dks viuk;k x;k gS] ftleas fd 'kh"kZ Lrj ij jktLFkku lgdkjh Ms;jh isQMjs'ku (RCDF) gSA f”kyk Lrj ij f”kyk nqXèk
mRiknd la?k gSa tks RCDF ls lac¼ gSaA izkFkfed Lrj ij izkFkfed lgdkjh nqXèk ,oa mRiknd lfefr;k¡ gSa tks mRikndksa
ls nwèk ,df=kr dj f”kyk nqXèk mRiknd la?kksa dks miyCèk djkrh gSaA
zzo"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlacj] 2019 rd 15,017 iathÑr nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ dk;Zjr~ gSA
zzRCDF ds okf"kZd izxfr izfrosnu 2017–18 ds vuqlkj jkT; esa 21 ftyk nqXèk mRiknd lgdkjh la?k LFkkfir gSA
zzfofHkUu ;kstukvksa esa miyCèk foÙkh; lgk;rk ,oa Lo;a ds lalkèkuksa ls ftyk nqXèk la?k la;a=kksa dh nqXèk izlaLdj.k
{kerk c<+dj 31.60 yk[k yhVj izfrfnu gks xbZ gSA
zzfoÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 esa vkj-lh-Mh-,iQ- ls laca¼ lHkh nqXèk la?kksa }kjk izfrfnu vkSlru 24.23 yk[k fdxzk- nqXèk
ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
zznwèk esa feykoV dk 'kh?kzrk ls irk yxkdj dk;Zokgh gks lds] blds fy;s vR;fèkd feYdks Ldsu (FT 120) rFkk
3 feYdks Ldsu ekbulZ yxk, x, gSaA blls nwèk esa olk] izksVhu] ysDVkst VksVy lksfyM~l] dslhu] okuLifrd rsy]
MsfUlVh] 'kqxj] fÚf”kax ikWbaV fMizs'ku] ,lhfMVh] ÚhdsVh ,flM~l] ued ,oa ;wfj;k vkfn dh tk¡p dh tkrh gSA
jktLFkku ns'k esa bl izdkj ds midj.k yxkus okyk xqtjkr ds ckn nwljk jkT; gSA
zzchdkusj esa Hkkjr dh izFke dSey feYd Ms;jh LFkkfir dh xbZ gSA ;gk¡ ls dSey feYd vU; jkT;ksa lfgr fons'kksa
esa Hkh Hkstk tkrk gSA
zzRCDF }kjk izkFkfed nqXèk mRiknd la?kksa esa ladfyr nwèk esa ^[kk| lqj{kk vkSj ekud vfèkfu;e] 2006* ds izkoèkkuksa
ds varxZr ^SNF 8.5* izfr'kr j[kh xbZ gS ftlls nwèk dh xq.koÙkk esa yxkrkj lqèkkj gqvk gSA
zzjktLFkku dk nqXèk mRiknu esa ns'k esa mÙkj izns'k ds ckn nwljk LFkku gS tcfd eè; izns'k dk rhljk LFkku gSA jktLFkku
eas vfèkd nwèk mRiknu ls Ms;jh {ks=k esa fodkl dh foiqy laHkkouk,¡ ekStwn gSaA
i'kqikyu foKku (Animal Husbandary)

jktLFkku ds lkekftd ,oa vk£Fkd fodkl esa i'kqèku {ks=k dk egÙo loZfofnr gSA jkT; esa 80% ls vfèkd xzkeh.k
ifjokj i'kqèku ikyrs gSaA jkT; ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa i'kqikyu {ks=k dk ;ksxnku vuqekfur rkSj ij 9.16% gSA y?kq
,oa lhekar Ñ"kdksa dh yxHkx 35% vk; Ms;jh ,oa i'kqikyu ls gksrh gSA 'kq"d {ks=k esa i'kqikyu O;olk; dk ;ksxnku
50% rd gSA bl izdkj jkT; esa i'kqikyu {ks=k dh {kerk] ;ksxnku ,oa Hkwfedk fodkl dh n`f"V ls vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSA
jktLFkku ns'k ds dqy nqXèk mRiknu dk 10%, Åu dk 35% vkSj ek¡l dk 10% mRiknu djrk gSA i'kqèku ds
egÙo dks ns[krs gq, jkT; esa i'kqèku fodkl ds fy;s i'kqèku foHkkx }kjk fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡ ,oa dk;ZØe lapkfyr fd;s
tk jgs gSa&
zzi'kqvksa dh uLy lqèkkj gsrq futh tulgHkkfxrk ls î'kq uLy lqèkkj ;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzi'kqèku ds lao¼Zu] laj{k.k ,oa laiw.kZ fodkl ds fy;s Lok;Ùk 'kkflr laLFkk ds :i esa jktLFkku i'kqèku fodkl cksMZ
dk xBu o"kZ 1988 esa fd;k x;kA cksMZ Ñf=ke xHkkZèkku dk;ZØe] Hkkek'kkg i'kqèku chek ;kstuk tSlh xfrfofèk;ksa
dk lapkyu djrk gSA
zzdasnzh; izo£rr jk"Vªh; xk; ,oa HkSal iztuu ifj;kstuk (NPCBB) ds varxZr pj.k I (o"kZ 2002 ls 2007) rFkk pj.k
II (o"kZ 2008 ls 2013) esa mUur Ñf=ke xHkkZèkku lsokvksa dks i'kqikydksa rd igq¡pk;k x;k gSA uLy lqèkkj dk;ZØe
dk mn~ns'; i'kqèku laj{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk vkuqoaf'kd xq.kksa dk fodkl djuk Hkh gSA
zzdkeèksuq ;kstuk xks'kkykvksa dks mUur uLy ds nqèkk: i'kqvksa dk iztuu dasnz cukus gsrq izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2007–08
esa bl ;kstuk ds rgr Fkkjikjdj] dkadjst] jkBh] ehj vkfn uLyksa dks lajf{kr o lao£¼r djus ds fy;s uohu rduhd
vkèkkfjr i'kq iztuu dsanz LFkkfir fd;s x, gSA
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zzjkT; esa HksM+ ,oa cdjh ikyu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s rFkk vfu;af=kr iztuu dks jksdus ,oa ns'kh uLy ds laj{k.k o
lao¼Zu ds fy;s izFke HksM+ ,oa cdjh iztuu uhfr] 2013 tkjh dh xbZ gSA
zzi'kqikyu foHkkx }kjk mUur uLy ds ?kksM+ksa ds fodkl gsrq v'o fodkl dk;ZØe lapkfyr fd;s x, gSaA
zzÅ¡V laj{k.k o lao¼Zu ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk Å¡V dks jktdh; i'kq ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA Å¡Vksa dk oèk jksdus
gsrq jktLFkku Å¡V (oèk izfr"ksèk vkSj vLFkk;h izoztu ;k fu;kZr dk fofu;e) vfèkfu;e] 2015 ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA
zzÅ¡Vksa ds iztuu dks c<+kus gsrq 2 vDVwcj] 2016 ls ^m"Vª iztuu izksRlkgu ;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzHkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn ds vèkhu lu~ 1962 esa dsanzh; HksM+ o Åu vuqlaèkku laLFkku] vfodkuxj] ekyiqjk
(Vksad) esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bl laLFkku dk mn~ns'; HksM+ o [kjxks'k ls Åu o ek¡l mRiknu eas lqèkkj ykuk]
iks"k.k] iztuu] pkjk fodkl vkfn dk;ks± dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
zzi'kq&if{k;ksa gsrq lLrk] larqfyr rFkk ikSf"Vd vkgkj lqyHk djkus gsrq i'kq iks"kkgkj laLFkku dh LFkkiuk tkeM+ksyh
(t;iqj) esa dh xbZ gSA
zzi'kqikydksa dks i'kqvksa dh vlkef;d e`R;q ij i'kq chek dk ykHk igq¡pkus gsrq foÙkh; o"kZ 2016–17 esa ^Hkkek'kkg
i'kq chek ;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk esa xk;] HkSal] Å¡V] v'o] xèkk] cdjh] HksM+ vkfn i'kqvksa dk chek
fd;k tk,xkA
zzo"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku i'kqikyu foHkkx }kjk mBk, x, izeq[k dne fuEufyf[kr gSA
jkT; ds xkS ,oa HkSal oa'kh; i'kqvksa dks ,iQ-,e-Mh ([kqjidk ,oa eq¡gidk jksx) jksx ls eqDr fd;s tkus ds fy;s
dsanz ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls pyk, tk jgs jkT;O;kih Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,d o"kZ esa nks ckj Vhdkdj.k
vfHk;ku pyk, tk jgs gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr o"kZ 2019–20 esa (fnlacj] 2019 rd) 163.28 yk[k i'kqvksa
dk Vhdkdj.k fd;k x;kA
i'kqèku fu%'kqYd vkjksX; ;kstuk ds varxZr i'kq&ikydksa dks fu;fer ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gS] o"kZ 2019–20
esa bl ;kstuk ls 78.58 yk[k fdlku ykHkkfUor gq, gSA ;g ;kstuk leLr foHkkxh; i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkkvksa ,oa
leLr mipkj f'kfojksa esa miyCèk gSA
uLy lqèkkj dk;ZØe dk {kerko¼Zu dj futh ,dhÑr fodkl dsanzksa ds foLrkj ls iztuu lsokvksa esa lqèkkj fd;k
tk jgk gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku ds varxZr jktLFkku esa HksM+ o cdjh oa'k dh uLy lqèkkj (th-vkbZ-th-
,l-) ;kstuk lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS] ftlesa dsanz ,oa jkT; dh fgLlk jkf'k dk izfr'kr 60 : 40 gSA ;g ifj;kstuk
orZeku esa jkT; ds vtesj] t;iqj] lhdj] jktleUn] fprkSM+x<+] pw:] fljksgh ,oa dqpkeu flVh (ukxkSj) ftyksa
esa lapkfyr gSA
ikSYVªh ikydksa gsrq jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku ds varxZr buksosfVo iksYVªh izksMfDVfoVh izkstsDV (vkbZ-ih-ih-ih) 'kq:
fd;k x;k gSA blds varxZr ck;yj vkSj ,y-vkbZ-Vh- ys;j mRiknu ifj;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa mu xzke iapk;rksa esa] tgk¡ foHkkxh; i'kq fpfdRlk lqfoèkk miycèk ugha gS] 400 uohu i'kq
fpfdRlk mi&dsanz [kkssys tkus gS] ftuesa ls fnlacj 2019 rd 226 uohu i'kq fpfdRlk mi&dsanz [kksys tk pqds gSA
jkT; esa i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkk,¡
laLFkk,¡ 2008 2013 2018 2019*
cgqmn~ns'kh; i'kq fpfdRlky; 14 34 35 35
izFke Js.kh i'kq fpfdRlky; 174 775 785 786
i'kq fpfdRlky; 1545 1518 1710 1709
i'kq vkS"kèkky; – 202 198 198

166
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
i'kq fpfdRlk mi dsanz 1862 2167 5067 5293
ftyk py i'kq fpfdRlk bZdkbZ 6 34 102 102
* fnlacj] 2019 rd
jktLFkku esa uohu rduhdh fodkl

(New Technical Developments in Rajasthan)
o"kZ 2018–19 esa jktLFkku ljdkj dh foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa
egÙoiw.kZ miyfCèk;k¡ (Major Achievements of Rajasthan Government
in Year 2018-19 in Field of Science & Technology)
zzlsVdkWe ds ekè;e ls bathfu;fjax o esfMdy izos'k ijh{kk gsrq de vkenuh oxZ ds (d{kk&11 ,oa 12) foKku ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksfpax Dyklst iznku dh tk jgh gSA
zzmi {ks=kh; foKku dsanz] vtesj dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s us'kuy dkmalfyax iQksj lkbal E;wft;e (,u-lh-,l-,e) ls
(jkf'k ` 15.20 djksM+ ykxr dh ;kstuk) lS¼kafrd lgefr izkIr gks pqdh gSA
zzU;wfDy;j ikoj dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fy- (,u-ih-lh-vkbZ-,y) }kjk lefFkZr (` 4.5 djksM+ dh) ikoj xSyjh ifj;kstuk
{ks=kh; foKku dsanz] t;iqj esa izxfr ij gSA
zzikap lEHkkfor HkkSxksfyd ladsr (th-vkbZ) fpfÉr fd;s x, ,oa izys[ku izfØ;k iw.kZ dh xbZ gSA
zziQjojh] 2019 esa mn;iqj ftys ds vkfnoklh {ks=kksa esa 'kksèk ;k=kk vk;ksftr dh xbZA
zzfofHkUu jktdh; dkWystksa vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds foKku ladk; ds 44 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ns'k Hkj esa Mh-
,-bZ] Mh-ch-Vh] vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh] lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds lkFk vkB lIrkg ds y?kq vofèk izf'k{k.k ;kstuk ds
rgr dk;Z djus dk volj foÙkh; lgk;rk ds lkFk iznku fd;k x;k gSA
o"kZ 2019– 20 esa jktLFkku ljdkj dh foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa egÙoiw.kZ miyfCèk;k¡
(Major Achievements of Rajasthan Government in year 2019–20 in field of Science &
Technology)
zzizfr;ksfxrk dkS'ky dk;ZØe ds rgr~ fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa ds O;k[;kuksa (izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s) dh fjdkWfM±x
djok;h tkrh gSA
zzjkT; dh 100 rglhyksa ds [kljk ekufp=k (th-bZ-vks- jsiQjsUl) ,l-vkj-,l-,-lh- }kjk rS;kj fd;s x;sA
zzjktho xkaèkh is;ty fe'ku ds varxZr laiw.kZ jkT; ds fy;s xzkmaM okVj DokWfyVh eSi rS;kj fd;s x;sA
zzySaM ;wt ySaM doj ifj;kstuk ds rgr laiw.kZ jkT; ds fy;s 1 : 50000 Ldsy ij eSfiax dh x;hA
zzjkT; esa oSKkfud i=kdkfjrk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s i=kdkjksa] 'kks|kkfFkZ;ksa] i=kdkfjrk ,oa tulapkj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
fy;s 21–22 uoacj] 2019 dks t;iqj esa dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dh x;hA
zzisVsUV ,oa ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj ds fy;s efgyk 'kksèkdrkZvksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s jkT; Lrjh; dk;Z'kkyk
29 – 30 uoacj] 2019 dks t;iqj esa vk;ksftr dh x;hA
zzd{kk&10 esa vè;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s lsVdkWe ds ekè;e ls fu%'kqYd xfBr ,oa foKku dh d{kk,¡ uoacj] 2019
esa izkjaHk dh x;hA
zz{ks=kh; foKku dsanz t;iqj ds VªSfiQd ikdZ esa flE;qysVj ij uohu ykblsal vkosndksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus ds fy;s iz'kklfud
LohÑfr iznku dh x;hA
167
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj (Information Technology & Communication)
orZeku le; esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vR;ar c<+ jgh gSA blhfy;s lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj foHkkx }kjk
jktLFkku esa dbZ egÙoiw.kZ xfrfofèk;k¡ fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSaA
jktLFkku iwjs jkT; vkSj foHkkxksa esa bZ&xous±l dh igy ds ckjs esa ,d lexz n`f"Vdks.k viuk jgk gS] mUgsa ,d
lkewfgd n`f"V vkSj ,d lk>k dkj.k ds :i esa ,dhÑr dj jgk gSA bl fopkj ds vklikl] nwjn'khZ xk¡oksa rd igq¡pus
okys ,d mnkj jkT; ds foLr`r cqfu;knh <k¡ps dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj cM+s iSekus ij bZ&xous±l igy py jgh
gS rkfd bZ&'kklu ij ljdkj dks yksxksa rd vklku] fo'oluh; igq¡p izkIr gks ldsA fiNys dqN n'kdksa esa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
,oa bysDVªkWfuDl (vkbZVhbZ) {ks=k esa fodkl] ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh n{krk vkSj izHkko esa lqèkkj ds fy;s
lcls egÙoiw.kZ leFkZd ds :i esa mHkjk gSA jktLFkku bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkkjh {kerk dks igpkurk
gS vkSj bl {ks=k ds ykHkksa dks jkT; dh turk dks miyCèk djkus ds fy;s ljdkj us egÙoiw.kZ iz;kl fd;s gSaA
jkT; lqnwj laosnu vuqiz;ksx dsanz (State Remote Sensing Application Centre)
jkT; lqnwj laosnu vuqiz;ksx dsanz (LVsV fjeksV lsaflax ,Iyhds'ku lsaVj) tksèkiqj esa LFkkfir uohure rduhdh ls ifjiw.kZ
;g dsanz jkT; esa fodkl ;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx iznku fd;s tkus gsrq izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk Spatial & Temporal
Data ds vkèkkj ij GIS Data Base rS;kj djus esa dk;Zjr gSA
dsanz dk eq[; mn~ns'; dasnz ,oa jkT; ljdkj ds lHkh foHkkxksa rFkk xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkuksa ds fy;s jkT; dh fodkl
ifj;kstuvksa esa lqnwj laosnu rduhd ds ekè;e ls Hkkxhnkjh fuHkkuk gSA bl mn~ns'; dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, dsanz dh
xfrfofèk;ksa dks eq[;r% fuEukafdr [kaMksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kµ
A. 1. varfj{k foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izk;ksftr ifj;kstukvksa esa Hkkxhnkjh fuHkkuk (SIS-DP ,oa catj Hkwfe fodkl
dk;ZØe ifj;kstuk laiw.kZ jkT; {ks=k)A
2. SIS-DP ifj;kstuk esa jkT; dk MkVkcsl rS;kj dj mldk mi;ksx fd;s tkus gsrq f”kyk Lrj ls ysdj iapk;r
Lrj ds vfèkdkfj;ksa o deZpkfj;ksa dks izf'k{k.k }kjk MkVk mi;ksfxrk ds ckjs esa crkuk o jkT; ljdkj dh
laifÙk;ksa dh iQksVks ysus dk dk;Z fd;k tkukA
3. jk"Vªh; Hkwfe mi;ksx (Land Use) o Hkwfe vkPNkfnr {ks=kksa (Land Cover) ds ekufp=kksa dks v|ru (Upgrade)
djus dh ifj;kstuk dk dk;ZA
4. jk"Vªh; Hkwfe {kj.k (Land Degradation) dh ifj;kstuk ds varxZr ekufp=k rS;kj djukA
5. jk"Vªh; catj Hkwfe dh ifj;kstuk esa catj Hkwfe ekufp=k rS;kj fd;s tk jgs gSaA
B. Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh }kjk izk;ksftr ifj;kstukvksa esa HkkxhnkjhA (iQly MNCFC ,oa R&D Ñf"k fodkl
ifj;kstuk,¡)A
C. jkT; ljdkj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ,oa xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkuksa }kjk izk;ksftr ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa dk;ks± ds
fu"iknu esa Hkkxhnkjh fuHkkukA
(okfudh] Ñf"k] ¯lpkbZ] lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx] leLr 'kgjh fodkl izkfèkdj.k] Hkw&izcaèk] jktLo] is;ty]
Hkw&ty ls lacafèkr fodkl ifj;kstuk,¡)
(i) DILRMP (Digital India Land Record Modernization Project)µ ifj;kstuk esa jkT; ds leLr [kljk
uD'kksa dk Digitization dj Digital Form esa rS;kj fd;k tkuk gSA
(ii) ekmaV vkcwµ ekuuh; mPp U;k;ky; dh ikyuk esa uxj&ikfydk] vkcw ioZr }kjk ou {ks=kksa ds vfrØe.k {ks=kksa
dk Hkw&mixzg fp=kksa (High–Resolution Sattelite Image) ls fpÉhdj.k fd;k x;kA
(iii) ty lalkèkuµ lrgh ty Ïksrksa dk mixzg fp=kksa esa ekulwu iwoZ ,oa i'pkr~ ds ekufp=k rS;kj fd;s tk jgs gSaA
(iv) ou {ks=kµ oufoHkkx }kjk ou {ks=kksa dk lhekadu mixzg fp=kksa }kjk ekufp=k rS;kj dj fd;k tk jgk gSA
(v) ty xzg.kµ fofHkUu f”kyksa esa ty xzg.k lhekadu dk mixzg fp=kksa }kjk ekufp=k rS;kj fd;s tk jgs gSaA
168
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lSVdkWe ifj;kstuk (Setcom Project)
zzmixzg lapkj iz.kkyh (lsVsykbV dE;wfuds'ku) vkèkkfjr lapkj ra=k dh jkT; esa fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds izf'k{k.k o izpkj
izlkj dh xfrfofèk;ksa gsrq DECU (Development and Educational Communication Unit) bljks] Hkkjr ljdkj]
vgenkckn ds lkFk ifj;kstuk dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2005 esa gqbZ FkhA foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx bl ;kstuk ds fy;s
uksMy foHkkx gSA
zzNk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks lSVdkWe ds ekè;e ls bathfu;fjax dkWystksa esa izos'k ijh{kkvksa dh rS;kjh gsrq lSVdkWe ifj;kstuk
varxZr 1 twu] 2011 ls dks¯px d{kkvksa dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zzlSVdkWe usVodZ dk foLrkj 200 foKku ladk; ds jktdh; mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa fd;k x;k ,oa bathfu;fjax
izos'k ijh{kk ds fo"k;ksa ds lkFk esfMdy izos'k ijh{kkvksa ds fo"k;ksa dks Hkh tksM+k x;kA
zzlSVdkWe ifj;kstuk ds varxZr 32 f”kyk ifj"kn] 237 iapk;r lfefr;ksa ,oa 233 jktdh; mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa
(foKku fo"k;) esa LFkkfir lSVdkWe V£euy SIT o ROT ds ekè;e ls nwj&njkt ds {ks=kksa eas jgus okys vYi vk;
oxZ ds esèkkoh Nk=kksa dks 12oha d{kk esa ikB~;Øe dks lekfgr djrs gq, bathfu;fjax ,oa esfMdy izos'k ijh{kkvksa dh
dks¯px nh tkrh gSA
Hkkoh ;kstuk % Hkkoh ;kstuk jkT; dh lHkh xzke iapk;rksa rFkk ekè;fed Lrj ds lHkh fo|ky;ksa dks bl usVodZ ls
tksM+s tkus dh gSA orZeku esa MkbV@lh-Vh-bZ- rFkk mudh xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy;s f'k{kk Ldwy usVodZ dk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk
gSA Ldwyh f'k{kk lfgr jkT; ds lHkh vU; lacafèkr foHkkxksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA LVwfM;ks dks jkr dh ikjh esa
fiQYe fuekZ.k ,oa vU; dk;ks± gsrq futh m|fe;ksa dks fdjk, ij fn;s tkus dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA
± vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l uhfr] 2015 (Rajasthan e–gov. IT & ITES Policy, 2015)

jktLFkku bZ&xousl
fodkl ds vius lrr~ iz;kl esa] jktLFkku bZ&xous±l vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l uhfr] 2015 esa bZ&xous±l eas viuh Hkkxhnkjh
dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s ukxfjdksa ds vkbZlhVh rd igq¡p cukus dk izLrko gSA ;g uhfr vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l m|ksx dks
c<+kok nsus ds fy;s] bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj vkbZVh m|ksx ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj dh bysDVªkWfud iz'kklu igyksa dk leFkZu
djus vkSj jktLFkku esa ,sls m|ksxksa esa fuos'k vkSj izfrHkk dks vkd£"kr djus ds fy;s ,d vfèkd vkèkqfud vkSj thoar
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k fodflr djus dk iz;kl djrh gSA
uhfr ds eq[; iQksdl {ks=kksa esa vxz.kh bZ&xous±l igy] bysDVªkWfud flLVe fM”kkbu vkSj fofuekZ.k] ekbØks Leky vkSj
e>ksys m|eksa ds leFkZu vkSj m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok nsus esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl 'kkfey gSa] tks jktLFkku ds yksxksa dh
fo'kky izfrHkk ds iwy dk bLrseky djrs gSa vkSj lekos'kh fodkl lqfuf'pr djrs gSaA
eq[; y{;
lq'kklu izkIr djus vkSj ,dhÑr fodkl dh lqfoèkk] vkbZlhVh dk mi;ksx vkSj lsokvksa ds forj.k esa lqèkkj ds lkFk
bZ&xous±l fodflr djuk] fMftVy fMokbM dks iwjk djuk vkSj fMftVy jktLFkku dks fodflr djukA
mn~ns'; vkSj ifjdfYir y{;
zzo"kZ 2025 rd izR;sd ?kj esa de ls de ,d efgyk dks bZ&lk{kj cukukA
zzjktLFkku esa vkbZlhVh@bZ,lMh,e igy ds dk;kZUo;u ds ekè;e ls vkbZlhVh {ks=k esa 5,00,000 izR;{k jks”kxkj ;ksX;
is'ksojksa dh miyfCèkA
zzjktLFkku dkS'ky jftLVªh dh LFkkiuk o jkT; esa de ls de 2,000 izkS|ksfxdh laLFkkuksa dh 'kq#vkr vkSj vkbZvh@
vkbZVhbZ,l@bZ,lMh,e {ks=k dh izkFkfedrk dk fodkl] vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l {ks=k esa ekStwnk fuos'k eas 10 xquk c<+ksrjhA
zzvkbZVh dkjksckj esa 50,000 djksM+ #i, rd dk b”kkiQkA
169
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvkbZVh ls jkT; esa 5000 djksM+ #i, ds fu;kZr esa o`f¼A
zz2020 rd jktLFkku esa 7 LekVZ 'kgjksa dh LFkkiukA
zzjktLFkku esa vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l@bZ,lMh,e LVkVZvi ds fodkl ds fy;s iawth ds lkFk fof'k"V osapj dSfiVy iaQM dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
ljdkjh nLrkos”kksa ds Lopkfyr lR;kiu ds lkFk Lopkfyr lsok forj.k] O;fDrxr@vkfèkdkfjd HkaMkj.k ds fy;s
lqjf{kr bZ&Lisl gsrq lalkèkuksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA jktLFkku esa futh ;k lkoZtfud laxBuksa ds izek.khdj.k vkSj
dk;Zizokg dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2016 rd lHkh ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa rd iapk;r Lrj rd laidZ ,d:irk] nksgjko vkSj v|ru djus ds fy;s
dasnzh;] ,dhÑr vkSj ,dhÑr jkT; MsVkesVA
zzi;kZoj.k vkSj i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy bZ&osLV eSustesaV ds ckjs esa Ldwy vkSj dkWyst ds cPpksa vkSj lekt ds chp
tkx:drk esa o`f¼ vkSj blds mfpr fuiVku dk iz;klA
zzjktLFkku ljdkj ds fy;s ,d leku oscokbV uhfr dk dk;kZUo;u] vkbZVh ds ykHkksa ds lHkh lekos'kh cnyko ds
fy;s baVjisQl dh mi;ksfxrk ij ”kksjA
zzjktLFkku esa vkbZVh igy ds fy;s jkscksfVDl vkSj vksiu lkslZ VsDuksykWth dk izpkjA
bZ&xous±l vkSj ,l&xous±l

xk¡o ds Lrj rd lHkh ljdkjh lsokvksa ds fy;s vklku igq¡p vkSj forj.k ds fy;s bZ&fe=k (e-Mitra) vkSj Hkkek'kkg
dk bLrseky djrs gq, ikjn£'krk ds lkFk vafre miHkksDrk rd Lopkfyr lsok forj.k dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk jgk gSA
lsok forj.k vkSj izR;{k ykHk gLrkaj.k ds fy;s U;wure ;k dksbZ eSU;qvy gLr{ksi vizfrcafèkr vkSj lheysl lsok
forj.k dk erycµ baVjusV] eksckby] fd;ksLd
zziw.kZ bysDVªkWfud lR;kiuµ jkt&bZ&okWYV (Raj-e-Voult)
zziw.kZ ikjn£'krkµ bZ&lapkj ds ekè;e ls lwpuk,¡
zzvxyh ih<+h ds vkbZVh bUÚkLVªDpj rd lqnwj xk¡o Lrj rd laidZ (RAJNET)
zzdyk izkS|ksfxdh vkèkkfjr MsVk dsasnzksa dh LFkkiuk
zzeksckby 'kklu ds fy;s iw.kZ rRijrk
zzlHkh ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa dk Lopkyu
zzlHkh foHkkxksa ds fy;s thvkbZ,l eS¯ix ds lkFk thvkbZ,l vkèkkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu iz.kkyh
zzf'kdk;r fuokj.k (jktLFkku) ds fy;s dsanzh; lwpuk iz.kkyh
zzdsanzh; ljdkj dh fuxjkuh vkSj tokcnsgh iz.kkyh (vkj,,,,l vkSj bZ,,iQ,Vh,l,l) ljdkjh lwpuk dk ,dhdj.k
zzdsanzh; vkSj ,dhÑr MsVkcsl vkSj MsVklsV
zzizR;sd fuoklh ds fy;s dsanzhÑr DykmM Lisl
zzdsanzh;Ñr bysDVªkWfud lR;kiu vkSj bZ&lkb¯ux
zzKku lalkèku@fMftVy ykbcszjh LFkkfir dh tk,xh tks vke turk vkSj ljdkj }kjk mi;ksx ds fy;s nLrkos”kksa dk
,d HkaMkj cuk, j[ksxkA
zzlkoZtfud fyojs¯tx }kjk bZ&fe=k ,dhÑr lsok forj.k IysViQkWeZ vkSj Hkkek'kkg ds fy;s miyCèk lHkh vko';d
ukxfjd lwpuk lsokvksa ds fy;s vke xsVosA
zzHkfo";ksUeq[kh izkS|ksfxfd;ksa] tSlsµ ,u,iQlh (NFC)] DykmM daI;w¯Vx vkSj lks'ky ehfM;k ds bLrseky ds izpkj dks
c<+kok nsukA ^dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh le;] fdlh Hkh usVodZ] fdlh Hkh fMokbl* }kjk lsok forj.k ds lkFk lsok forj.k
ds fy;s eksckby iQksu] VScysV] dkWy lsaVj] Vhoh vkfn tSls dbZ pSuyksa dh miyCèkrk dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA
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zz,d O;fDr] ,d leku :ijs[kk ds rgr izR;sd ukxfjd ds fy;s vuU; vkWuykbu izksiQkby ds lkFk ,d bZ&igpkuA
zziwjs jkT; esa Lo;alsok fd;ksLd LFkkfir djus dh ;kstuk ij Hkh dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzvxyh ih<+h ds vkbZVh bUizQkLVªDpj dk l`tu vkSj ekStwnk vkbZVh bUizQkLVªDpj dk mUu;u] bls fo'o Lrj ds vR;kèkqfud
cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds led{k ykus ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA
{kerk vkSj dkS'ky fuekZ.k (Skill & Capacity Building)
zzvkbZVh vkSj O;fDrxr fodkl dk;ZØe@uje dkS'ky ikB~;Øe dks lqn`<+ cukukA
zzekudhÑr vkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l@chihvks@chihvks@dsihvks@bZ,lMh,e@vkbZVhbZ,l&chihvks izek.khdj.k
zzf'k{kdksa ds fy;s O;fDrRo fodkl dk;ZØe rFkk mUgsa vkbZVh dk mi;ksx djus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzbdkb;ksa ds fy;s 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa vkSj m|ksxksa ds chp lk>snkjh dh lqfoèkkA
zzfMftVy bafM;k vkSj fMftVy jktLFkku vfHk;ku dk ykHk ysus okys vkbZVh fo'ks"kKksa ds fy;s xSj&vkbZVh ekuo
lalkèkuksa dk mi;ksx djukA
m|ksx fodkl vkSj lao¼Zu
zzvofèk ½.k ij 5% rd dh C;kt lfClMh
zzvkbZVh@vkbZVhbZ,l vkSj bZ,lMh,e lsDVj eas 'kq#vkr dks c<+kok nssus ds fy;s le£ir iaQMA
zzisVsaV ykxr dh izfriw£rA
zzxq.koÙkk izek.ku ykxr dh izfriw£r
zzvkbZ@vkbZVhbZ,l vkSj bZ,lMh,e lsDVj esa mRÑ"V izn'kZu iqjLdkj iznku fd;s tk jgs gSaA
jktLFkku tu vkèkkj ;kstuk&2019 (Rajasthan Jan Aadhaar Yojna–2019)

^,d uacj] ,d dkMZ] ,d igpku* ds mn~ns'; dks iwjk djus ds fy;s ^jktLFkku tu vkèkkj ;kstuk ykxw djus dh
?kks"k.kk ekuuh; eq[; ea=kh }kjk vius ctV Hkk"k.k 2019–20 esa dh xbZ FkhA bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; lkoZtfud dY;k.k
ds ykHk dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dks ,dhÑr djuk gS rkfd lkoZtfud dY;k.k ds ykHk ljyrk] lqxerk ,oa ikjn'khZ :i
ls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa rd igq¡p ldsA blds lkFk gh Hkk"k.k esa ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s ,d Lora=k tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k
dk xBu fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA bZ&fe=k ifj;kstuk dks Hkh bl izkfèkdj.k ds vèkhu yk;k tkuk visf{kr gSA 18
fnlacj] 2019 dks ^jktLFkku tu vkèkkj ;kstuk&2019* dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA bl ;kstuk ds eq[; mn~ns'; fuEufyf[kr gSA
zzjkT; ds fuoklh ifjokjksa dk tu&lkaf[;dh; ,oa lkekftd&vkfFkZd lwpukvksa dk MsVk csl rS;kj djuk rFkk mUgsa
¶,d uacj] ,d dkMZ] ,d igpku¸ iznku fd;k tkuk] ftlls lHkh ifjokjksa ,oa muds lnL;ksa dh igpku rFkk irs
ds nLrkost ds :i esa ekU;rk iznku dh ldsA
zzizR;{k ykHk gLrkarj.k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s] udn ykHkksa dk gLrkarj.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad [kkrksa es rFkk xSj&udn
ykHk] tu&vkèkkj@vkèkkj vfèkizek.ku mijkar iznku djukA
zzbZ&dkWelZ vkSj chek ykHkksa dk fuokfl;ksa ds ?kj ds lehi fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa foLrkj ds fy;s] tudY;k.k
;kstukvksa ds izR;{k ykHk gLrkarj.k ds foLrkj djus ds fy;sA
zzjkT; bZ&fe=k ra=k dks mlds csgrj fu;a=k.k ,oa dk;kZUo;u djus ds fy;s tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds vèkhu ykukA
zzjkT; dh tula[;k dh fLFkfr dk fujarj v|ru djus rFkk okLrfod@;Fkk le; dh tux.kuk ds j[k&j[kko gsrq
jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds varxZr lHkh izdkj ds tu&lkaf[;dh; iathdj.k (tSls&tUe] e`R;q] fookg] vkèkkj
vkfn) ykukA
zzefgyk l'kfDrdj.k ,oa foÙkh; lekos'ku dks c<+kok nsukA
zztudY;k.k dh ;kstukvksa ds ykHkks@lsokvksa dh izkfIr gsrq jkT; ds fuokfl;ksa dh ik=krk dk fuèkkZj.k djukA
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;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u
zzjkT; ds lHkh fuoklh ifjokj] tu vkèkkj dkMZ izkIr djus ds fy;s ik=k gSaA ukekafdr ifjokj dks ,d 10 vadh;
;wfud ifjokj igpku vkbZ-Mh-iznku dh tk,xh rFkk eqf[k;k lfgr ifjokj ds izR;sd lnL; dks 11 vadh; O;fDrxr
igpku la[;k Hkh iznku dh tk,xhA
zztu vkèkkj ;kstuk ds rgr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh] eujsxk] lkekftd lqj{kk ias'ku] vk;q"eku Hkkjr] egkRek xkaèkh
jktLFkku LokLF; chek ;kstuk] tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk vkfn ;kstukvksa ds ykHk gLrkarj.k izkjaHk fd;s tk jgs gSaA
jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s iz'kklfud O;oLFkk@<kapk fuEukuqlkj gSa&
zzjkT; Lrj ij% vk;kstuk foHkkx] jktLFkku tu vkèkkj ;kstuk dk izk'kklfud foHkkx gS rFkk funs'kd ,oa la;qDr
'kklu lfpo] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; ctV fu;a=k.k izkfèkdkjh gSA jktdkWEi bUiQks lfoZlst fyfeVsM] t;iqj
;kstuk dh fØ;kUo;u ,tsalh gSA
zzftyk Lrj ij% ftyk dysDVj ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh gS] mi@lgk;d funs'kd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh
vfrfjDr ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh vkSj mi&funs'kd (,-lh-ih-) ftyk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj foHkkx
vfrfjDr ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh (rduhdh) gSA
zzCykWd Lrj ij% mi[kaM vfèkdkjh&CykWd tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh gSA CykWd fodkl vfèkdkjh@CykWd lkaf[;dh
vfèkdkjh ,oa izksxzkej] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj foHkkx vfrfjDr CykWd tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh (rduhdh) gSA
zztu&vkèkkj ;kstuk ds izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s ,d Lora=k tu vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k dk xBu fd;k tk,xkA ftlds
fy;s jktLFkku tu vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k vè;kns'k] 2019 jkT; dSfcusV }kjk vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk 18 fnlacj]
2019 ls ;g izHkkoh Hkh gks x;k gSA
tu vkèkkj iaath;u ds lkFk&lkFk fuEu iath;u Hkh tu vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds varxZr fd;s tk;saxs&
zztUe ,oa e`R;q iath;u
zzfookg iath;u
zzvkèkkj iath;u
vkVhZfiQf'k;y buVsfytsUl (,-vkbZ) ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

(Major Schemes Related to Artificial Intelligence)
lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj foHkkx }kjk fcx MsVk] ,ukfyfVDl rFkk vkfVZfiQf'k;y buVsfytUl ds {ks=k esa fuEufyf[kr
dk;Z izkjaHk fd;s x;s gSa&
zzjsosU;w buVsfytUl ,oa ,ukfyfVDl% jsosU;w busVsfytUl ,aM ,ukfyfVDl jkT; ds jktLo foHkkxksa ds fy;s jkT; ds
dj jktLo dh o`f¼ ds voljksa dh igpku djus] lHkh txg ls dj laxzg.k] laifÙk dk iathdj.k vkfn izkjafHkd
mn~ns'; ls izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA jkT; ds fofHkUu jktLo foHkkxksa }kjk dj vioapuk jksdus ,oa djkèkkj c<+kus ds fy;s
MsVk ,ukfyfVDl dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzMsVk ysd vkWu gMwi% jkT; ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa dk MsVk ,d LFkku ij fo'ys"k.k gsrq pkgs tkus ij ,dhÑr :i ls
miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls bl ifj;kstuk dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
zzfoHkkxh; MS'kcksMZ ,oa VsDLV ,ukfyfVDl% foHkkxh; MS'k cksMZ ,oa VsDLV ,ukfyfVDl dk mi;ksx jkT; ds foHkkxksa
}kjk muds foHkkx ls lacafèkr eq[; fu"iknu ladsrdksa (dh ijiQksesaUl bafMdsVlZ) dh fjiksfV±x ds fy;s fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzisQl jsDxwfu'ku% O;fDrxr psgjs dh laxzfgr MsVkcsl ls yk[kksa psgjksa ds lkFk rqyuk djus rFkk MsVk csl ls mlls
lacafèkr lwpuk,¡ izkIr djus ds mijkar bldh igpku djus gsrq dk;Z izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
zzvkWfM;ks ,ukfyfVDl% dkWy lsaVj ds ,tsaVksa }kjk iznku dh tk jgh lsok dh xq.koÙkk rFkk dkWyj ds larqf"V Lrj dks
ekius gsrq dk;Z izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSaA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktcksV% jkT; ljdkj ds lkFk ukxfjdksa ds laokn dks csgrj ,oa izHkko'kkyh djus ds fy;s ,d IysViQkWeZ dh LFkkiuk
gsrq bl ifj;kstuk dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA ljdkj ds lkFk ukxfjdksa ds laokn ds vuqHko dks csgrj djus gsrq
jkscksV~l dks ukxfjdksa ds lkFk ekuoh; rjhds ls okLrfod le; esa lgt ,oa laoknkRed okrkZyki djus ds fy;s
izf'kf{kr fd;k tk jgk gSA
egÙoiw.kZ ;kstuk,¡@dk;ZØe
zzjktLFkku laidZ ifj;kstuk% ukxfjdksa dks viuh f'kdk;r ntZ djkus o f'kdk;rksa dh orZeku fLFkfr irk djus ds
fy;s ,d LFkku miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls ;g ifj;kstuk dk;kZfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr f'kdk;r
ntZ djkus ds fofHkUu ekè;e miyCèk gSa] ;Fkk& dsanzhÑr ,dhÑr f'kdk;r fujkdj.k lkWÝVos;jµ jktLFkku laidZ
iksVZy (www.sampark.rajasthan.gov.in) rFkk ,dhÑr ukxfjd laidZ dsanz (dkWy lsaVj)µ jktLFkku laidZ dasnzA
zzjktLFkku laidZ dsanz% ohfM;ks dkWUÚsaflax midj.kksa o lqfoèkkvksa lfgr] jkT; ds lHkh CykWd esa vVy dsanz ij
jktLFkku laidZ dsanz LFkkfir fd;s x, gSaA
zzlkekU; HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh% f'k{kk ,oa LokLF; foHkkx ds fy;s ,d lkekU; HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh (th-
vkbZ-,l- IysViQkWeZ) rS;kj dh xbZ gS] tks lkekU; ukxfjdksa dks th-vkbZ-,l- lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djok jgk gSA tutkfr
mi ;kstuk {ks=k (Vh-,l-ih-) o Mkax {ks=kksa ds fy;s bUÚkLVªDpj eSfiax ,fIyds'ku cukbZ xbZ gSA vYcVZ gkWy] tarj&earj]
gokegy] flVh iSyslµ mn;iqj] t;iqj 'kgj dh pkjnhokjh ds 7 njoktksa o flVh iSysl dh 3&Mh ekWMfyax iwjh dh
tk pqdh gSA cM+h pkSiM+ dh ,y-vkbZ-Mh-,-vkj- LdSfuax o 3&Mh ekWMfyax iwjh dh tk pqdh gSA vkesj o dqaHkyx<+
fdyksa dh 3&Mh ekWMfyax dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
zzjkt laidZ dkWy lsaVj% bl lsok ds }kjk ukxfjd lHkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa dh tkudkfj;k¡ Vksy Úh uacj 1800–180–6127
ij izfrfnu izkr% 8:00 cts ls lk;a 8:00 cts rd izkIr dj ldrs gSaA blds varxZr fofHkUu foHkkxksa] tSlsµ fo|qr]
ty] t;iqj fodkl izkfèkdj.k] fpfdRlk] eujsxk] O;kolkf;d dj ,oa Ñf"k foHkkx ds dkWy lsaVlZ dks ukxfjd
laidZ dsanzksa ds lkFk ,dhÑr fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok] efgyk o f'k'kq fodkl] ifjogu] Je] lkekftd U;k;
,oa vfèkdkfjrk] m|ksx] iath;u ,oa eqnzkad] jktLFkku yksdlsok vk;ksx] [kk| ,oa ukxfjd vkiw£r] miHkksDrk ekeykr]
Mh-vks-vkbZ-Vh- ,aM lh- jks”kxkj lsok,¡ vkSj vYila[;d ekeyksa ds foHkkx ls lacafèkr tkudkfj;k¡ Hkh bu ukxfjd
laidZ dsanzksa ds }kjk miyCèk djokbZ tk jgh gSaA bu dsanzksa ds }kjk izfrfnu yxHkx 3,500 dkWYl fy;s tk jgs gSaA
zzbZ&fe=k dsanz% jkT; ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks 40,000 ls vfèkd bZ&fe=k fd;ksLd }kjk ljdkjh ,oa xSj&ljdkjh foHkkxksa
dh 270 ls vfèkd lsok,¡ bysDVªkWfud ekè;e ls iznku dh tk jgh gSaA blh ds lkFk eksckby ,si }kjk mi;ksxh fcy
tek djkus dk dk;Z izkjaHk gks pqdk gSA bu bZ&fe=k fd;ksLd ij izR;sd ekg yxHkx 20 yk[k ysu&nsu vkSj yxHkx
` 250.00 djksM+ ds jktLo dk laxzg fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzfMftVyh gLrk{kfjr izek.k&i=k% fofèkor~ izkekf.kd ,oa fMftVy gLrk{kfjr izek.k&i=k miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns';ksa
ls ;g lqfoèkk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bu izek.k&i=kksa ds fy;s vkosnu o izkfIr baVjusV ds ekè;e ls ?kj cSBs@flaxy foaMks@
fd;ksLd ds }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA bl lqfoèkk ds }kjk yxHkx 1.5 yk[k fofHkUu izek.k&i=k tkjh fd;s tk jgs gSaA
bl ,Iyhds'ku dks dbZ vU; fMftVyh gLrk{kfjr izek.k&i=kksa o ykblsal vkfn dks tkjh djus ds fy;s mUur fd;k
tk jgk gSA
zz;w-vkbZ-Mh (vkèkkj)% Hkkjr ljdkj dh bl ifj;kstuk ds vèkhu ,d 12 vadksa dh la[;k lHkh ukxfjdksa dks fof'k"V
igpku la[;k ds :i esa iznku dh tk jgh gSA bl fof'k"V igpku la[;k dk mi;ksx vklkuh ls lHkh ds fy;s ljdkj
}kjk miyCèk djkbZ xbZ lsokvksa dk ykHk mBkus ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj foHkkx] jktLFkku
ljdkj dks ifj;kstuk ds fy;s jftLVªkj ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA
zzvkjLoku ,oa lsdysu% yxHkx 3,464 ljdkjh Hkouksa] 4,249 dk;kZy;ksa vkSj 7,240 dk£edksa dks jktLFkku LVsV
okbM ,fj;k usVodZ ds ekè;e ls tksM+k x;k gS vkSj 162 Hkou lsdysu (lsØsVsfj,V yksdy ,fj;k usVodZ) ds ekè;e
ls tksM+s x, gSaA jkT; MsVk lsaVj ds fuekZ.k@fodkl ds fy;s fufonk tkjh dh xbZ gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjkT; iksVZy% ;g iksVZy ukxfjdksa] jktdh; mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa] dkjksckjh vkSj fons'kh ukxfjdksa ds fy;s ljdkjh lsokvksa
dh tkudkjh@O;ogkj dk ,dy Ïksr gSA bl iksVZy ds lkFk lHkh foHkkxh; oSciksVZy tqM+s gq, gSaA
zz,dhÑr ljdkjh iksVZYl% lHkh ljdkjh osclkbV@iksVZy@osc ,Iyhd'kal dh miyCèkrk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro lqfuf'pr
djus gsrq ekudhdj.k fd;k tk jgk gS ftlls lHkh iksVZy lHkh midj.kksa ij fØ;k'khy gksaxs vkSj lHkh iksVZYl] jkT;
lwpuk vk;ksx] efgyk vk;ksx] jkT; foÙk vk;ksx] vYila[;d] i;kZoj.k iksVZy] 'kgjh iksVZy] ÅtkZ iksVZy] Hkw&jktLo
iksVZy] ty iksVZy ,oa ou iksVZy ds lkFk ,dhÑr dj bldk iqu£uekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA
zzbZ&lapkj ,oa vkbZ&iSQDV% bZ&lapkj ,Iyhds'ku ds varxZr fdlh Hkh foHkkx dh ,Iyhds'ku ls lacafèkr ?kVuk dh
vfèklwpuk vkosnudÙkkZ@ykHkkFkhZ ,oa ljdkjh dehZ dks ,l-,l-,l-@okWbl eSlst ds ekè;e ls fHktok, tk ldrs gSaA
vkbZ&iSQDV ;kstuk dk mi;ksx jktLFkku laidZ ds }kjk okLrfodrk tk¡p ds fy;s fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzjkT; ekLVj dsanzhÑr MsVk gc% jkT; ekLVj MsVk dsanz fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds ,Iyhds'ku iksVZy }kjk pkgs x, MsVk
miyCèk djkrk gSA blds varxZr leLr MsVk fofoèk izdkj ds ekLVj MsVk ds :i esa miyCèk gS] ftldk mi;ksx
fofHkUu foHkkxh; ,Iyhds'kal esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzjktLFkku tokcnsgh vk'oklu iz.kkyh (vkj-,-,-,l-)% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr leLr ljdkjh okguksa dh
th-ih-,l- Vsª¯dx iz.kkyh ds ekè;e ls okLrfod le; ij fuxjkuh] ,dhÑr ck;ksehfVªd mifLFkfr izcaèku vkSj
vodk'k izcaèku ra=k jkT; ds fy;s fodflr fd;k x;k gSA èkkSyiqj esa bl ;kstuk dk ik;yV izkstsDV fØ;kfUor fd;k
tk pqdk gSA bl ;kstuk dk jkT;O;kih fØ;kUo;u izfØ;kèkhu gSA
zztu lwpuk iksVZy% jktdh; lsokvksa dh tkudkjh ukxfjdksa dks lqxe] ikjn'khZ vkSj fo'oluh; rjhds ls iznku djus
gsrq lacafèkr foHkkx ls izkIr lq>koksa ds vkèkkj ij orZeku esa fofHkUu ifj;kstukvksa ls lacafèkr iksVZy fodflr fd;s
tk jgs gSaA blh lanHkZ esa 13 flracj 2019 dks ^tu lwpuk iksVZy* dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;kA ljdkj }kjk ykxw dh xbZ
lHkh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh ,d LFkku ij iznku djus ds fy;s foHkkx }kjk tu lwpuk iksVZy cuk;k x;k gS] ftls
le;&el; ij v?kfrr fd;k tk,xkA
zzjkT; esa LVkVZvi {ks=k dks xfr iznku djus dh jkT; ljdkj dh opuc¼rk ds varxZr vusd uokpkjksa dks ykxw fd;k
x;k gSA vkbZLVkVZ iksVZy (istart.rajasthan.gov.in) LVkVZvIl ds fy;s ,d flaxy foaMks dh rjg dk;Z dj jgk gSA
blds vfrfjDr] pSysat iQksj psUt] jktLFkku LVSd] D;wjsV jSfdax flLVe] buD;wcsVj] vkbZLVkVZ usLV (t;iqj] dksVk ,oa
mn;iqj) Hkh jkT; ds LVkVZvIl ds fy;s miyCèk gSA
zzjktLFkku laidZ iksVZy dks dsanzh;Ñr f'kdk;r fuokj.k eap ds :i esa rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh eksckby
,si] fj;fyVh psd ekWM~;wy] th-vkbZ-,l] ,dhdj.k vkSj ,Iyhds'kUl tSls ,Mokal MsVk ,ukfyfVDl dks mi;ksxdÙkkZ
ds vuqHko esa o`f¼ ds fy;s fodflr vkSj ykxw fd;k x;k gSA ^Lor% Hkk"k.k ekU;rk* (,-,l-vkj-) dh dk;Z&{kerk
ds lkFk okLrfodrk tk¡p ekWM~;wy dks jktLFkku laidZ iksVZy ds lkFk ,dhÑr fd;k x;k gSA eq[;ea=kh gsYiykbu ds
fy;s ,d u;k Vksy izQh uacj 181 izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
zzohfM;ks okWy% jkT; dh izR;sd iapk;r lfefr esa fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s fofHkUu ljdkjh uokpkjksa vkSj ykbo bZosUV~l dh
vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ksa LVªhfeax dk izlkj.k djus ds fy;s ohfM;ksokWy dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
zzbZ&fe=k Iyl% bZ&fe=k Iyl] bZ&lsok iznku djus esa ,d Økafrdkjh dne gSA ;g ,-Vh-,e- dh Hkk¡fr fdlh Hkh ekuo
baVjisQl ds fcuk lhèks lsok,¡ iznku djrk gSA bZ&fe=k Iyl Hkkjr esa viuh rjg dk igyk fd;ksLd gSA blds ekè;e
ls ljdkjh nLrkostksa tSls& tUe izek.k i=k] ewy fuokl izek.k&i=k vkfn ds fy;s vkosnu dj ldrs gS rFkk blds
vanj yxs fizaVj ds ekè;e ls fizaV Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA blesa udn MsfcV@ØsfMV dkMZ] usV cSafdax tSlh Hkqxrku
dh dbZ lqfoèkk,¡ gSA fuokfl;ksa dks viuh izfrfØ;k ,oa leL;kvksa dks lhèks vfèkdkfj;ksa dks ntZ djus ds fy;s
ohfM;ks dkWUizsQflax lqfoèkk gsrq bZ&fe=k Iyl l{ke gSA ;s fd;ksLd 'kgjh {ks=kksa ds lkFk&lkFk jkT; ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa
Hkh miyCèk gSA
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zzjktLFkku ukWyst dkWiksZjs'ku fyfeVsM (vkj-ds-lh-,y-)% bldh LFkkiuk jkT; ds nwjLFk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa lwpuk
izkS|ksfxdh f'k{kk miyCèk djkus gsrq dh xbZ gS] ftlls fMftVy fHkUurk dks de djus ,oa vafre fcanq rd dusfDVfoVh
dh leL;k dk lekèkku miyCèk djkuk gSA vkj-ds-lh-,y (R.K.C.L) dk vkj-,l-lh-vkbZ-Vh (R.S.C.I.T.) izek.k
i=k jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr gS rFkk jktdh; vuqeksnu ds mijkar jktdh; dkfeZdksa dks 'kqYd iquHkZj.k ds
vkns'k Hkh tkjh fd;s x, gSA
zzfgUnh bZ&esy% jktLFkku igyk ,oa ,dek=k jkT; gS] tks fuokfl;ksa dks ekr`Hkk"kk fgUnh esa bZ&esy miyCèk djokrk gSA
ftldk Mksesu @ jktLFkku-HkkjrA
zzfMftVy Hkqxrku% jkT; esa ftyks] iapk;r lfefr;ksa vkSj xzke iapk;r Lrj ij udn@foÙkh; ysu&nsu dh lsokvksa ds
fy;s lsok dsanz miyCèk gSA ,sls ysu&nsuksa dks djus gsrq 70,892 fd;ksLd@bZ&fe=k fd;ksLd@ekbØks ,-Vh-,e- LFkkfir
fd;s x, gSA bZ&fe=k ukxfjdksa dks ljdkjh lwpukvksa ,oa lsok,¡ iznku djus ds fy;s ,d cgq lsok] ,dy f[kM+dh
usVodZ ds :i esa dk;Zjr~ gS] blds vfrfjDr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks eksckby Hkqxrku dh lqfoèkk iznku djus ds fy;s eksckby
okWysV tSls&isVh,e] ,e&iSlk ls Hkh bls ,dhÑr fd;k x;k gSA
zzbZ&l[kh% fuokfl;ksa ,oa jkT; ljdkj dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds eè; fMftVy lhek dks lekIr djus ds fy;s
bZ&l[kh dk;ZØe ds ekè;e ls 1.5 yk[k efgykvksa dks fu%'kqYd fMftVy izf'k{k.k iznku fd;k x;k gSA blds ckn
;s Lo;a&lsod@l[kh fMftVy lsok dh igq¡p ls jkT; ds vfèkdre ukxfjdksa dks tksM+us ds fy;s vius xzke@'kgjh
{ks=kksa ds yksxksa dks izf'kf{kr djrh gS rFkk ;g lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd izR;sd xzkeh.k ifjokj esa ls de ls de ,d
O;fDr dks fMftVy lk{kj cuk;k tk;sA
vfHkuo ifj;kstuk,¡
zzjkT; ljdkj }kjk dkWeu th-vkbZ-,l- IysViQkWeZ fodflr fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa dh Fkzh&Mh
ekWMfyax dk dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA vHkh rd tarj&earj] vYcVZ gkWy] flVh iSysl] gokegy] cM+h pkSiM+ ,oa
pkjnhokjh 'kgj ds lkr njok”kksa dh Fkzh&Mh ekWMfyax dk dk;Z iw.kZ dj fy;k x;k gSA vkesj fdys ds fy;s losZ dk
dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA blds lkFk gh f'k{kk rFkk fpfdRlk ,oa LOkkLF; foHkkx ds fy;s ,Iyhds'ku MsoyiesaV ds
izFke Lrj dk dk;Z iw.kZ dj fy;k x;k gSA
zz¯lxy ykbu vkWu (,l-,l-vks-)% bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr lHkh foHkkxh; ,Iyhds'kal ds fy;s ,dy mi;ksxdÙkkZ
izcaèku dk mi;ksx dj ldsaxsA blds }kjk leLr mi;ksxdÙkkZ dsoy ,d ckj lkbu&bu djds vusd ,Iyhds'kal ij
dk;Z dj ldsaxsA lHkh foHkkxh; ,Iyhds'kal bl lqfoèkk ls tksM+h tk ldrh gSaA
zzjktusV% bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr ,dhÑr usVodZ lekèkku gsrq xzke iapk;r Lrj ij jktLoku] lsdysu] oh&lSV]
dSfIVo vkWfIVd iQkbcj dscy] vkj-,iQ- ds }kjk dusfDVfoVh miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr f”kyk
dysDVªsV ,oa CykWd Lrj ds dk;kZy;ksa eas d{k vkèkkfjr ohfM;ks dkWUÚsaflax lqfoèkk ,oa xzke iapk;r rd lkWÝVos;j
vkèkkfjr yks&csaMfoFk ohfM;ks dkWUÚsaflax lqfoèkk miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gSA
zzjkt bZ&okWYV% bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr fdlh O;fDr@ljdkjh o xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dks vius nLrkos”k@vk¡dM+s
lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s bZ&Lisl dh lqfoèkk esVk&MsVk lsok ds lkFk miyCèk djokbZ xbZ gSA esVk&MsVk }kjk bZ&Lisl ij
lax`ghr fd;s x, MsVk dh izkekf.kdrk dh iqf"V dh tk ldrh gSA jkt bZ&okWYV dks bZ&fe=k] igpku ,oa Hkkek'kkg
iksVZy ds lkFk ,dhÑr fd;s tkus dk dk;Z izfØ;kèkhu gSA
zzjkt bZ&lkbu% bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr lqjf{kr vkSj vfèkÑr bysfDVªkWfud gLrk{kj] ljyrk ls Lo;a izekf.kr fMftVy
gLrk{kj rFkk cgqrk;r esa nLrkos”kksa ij e; bZ&izek.khdj.k ds fodYi dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gSA jkt
bZ&lkbu dks igpku ,oa Hkkek'kkg iksVZy ds lkFk ,dhÑr fd;k x;k gSA bZ&fe=k dsanzksa dks foHkkxh; ,Iyhds'ku ds
lkFk ,dhÑr fd;s tkus dk dk;Z izfØ;kèkhu gSA ^jkt bZ&lkbu ifj;kstuk* dks Hkkjr ljdkj ls lh-lh-,- vuqKk izkIr
djus ds fy;s Hkstk x;k gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzeksckby ,Iyhds'ku MsoyiesaV lsaVj% bl IysViQkWeZ dk fuekZ.k vkWijs¯Vx flLVe (vks-,l-) Lora=k eksckby ,Iyhds'ku
dk fodkl] izfoLrkj.k vkSj izcaèku ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA ,si LVsVl] Hkkek'kkg] jktLFkku iqfyl dk dsl niZ.k]
Mh-vks-ih- n`f"V (iznw"k.k foHkkx)] bZ&fe=k] bZ&fe=k ekbØks ,-Vh-,e-] bZ&ih-Mh-,l-] t;iqj esVªks] ,y-vkbZ-Vh-bZ-,l-]
,e-ts-,l-,-] jkt vkjVhlu] vkj-lh-,e-,l- jkt bZ&lkbu] jkt bZ&okWYV] jkt eaMh] jktusV] jkt laidZ] jkt ok;q]
jkt ohoj] fjltsZUV jktLFkku] ,l-vkbZ-ih-,iQ-] le iSQDV~l vckmV jktLFkku] olqaèkjk jkts ,si tSlh ,Iyhds'ku dks
fodflr dj mi;ksx gsrq miyCèk djok nh xbZ gSA
zzfofHkUu vfèkfu;eksa ,oa fu;eksa dh ikyuk% i;kZoj.k foHkkx }kjk i;kZoj.k lja{k.k ls lacfèkar fofHkUu vfèkfu;eksa
,oa fu;eksa dh ikyuk djkus lacaèkh dk;Z fofHkUu foHkkxksa] laLFkkvksa] eaMyksa ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
vè;k;&11
^ckSf¼d laink vf/kdkj * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
vfuok;Z ykblsa¯lx
lkekU;r% ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj ls vk'k; gS& O;fDr ;k
O;fDr;ksa ds lewg ;k fdlh laLFkk }kjk fd;s x, fdlh l`tu blds rgr fdlh vfr vko';d tsufs jd
dk ,d fuf'pr vofèk rd fof'k"V mi;ksx djus dk vfèkdkjA nok ds fuekZ.k dk vfèkdkj] vkikr fLFkfr
HkkSxksfyd ladsrd
esa vU; daiuh dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA
blds ekè;e ls fdlh oLrq ds ewy mRiknu
,oj xzh¯ux
LFkku dks n'kkZ;k tkrk gS vkSj ml LFkku
dh fof'k"V HkkSxksfyd n'kkvksa dk lacaèk fcuk fdlh u, uokpkj ds iqjkus
ml oLrq ds lkFk LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA la?kVu esa ekewyh isQjcny dj u;k
ckSf¼d laink isVsaV izkIr djus dk iz;klA
WTO o TRIPS le>kSrs ds ekè;e vf/kdkj
Hkkjrh; isVsaV dkuwu
ls ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dk laj{k.k
Vh-ds-Mh-,y- (T.K.D.L.) o bldk egÙo
vkS|ksfxd laink vfèkdkj
isVsaV VsªMekdZ dkWihjkbV vkSj lac¼ vfèkdkj
fdlh O;fDr@O;fDr;ksa ds lewg ;k laLFkk dks fdlh dkWihjkbV fdlh lkfgfR;d Ñfr vFkok dykÑfr] ;Fkk&
blds rgr fof'k"V fpÉ iz;qDr gksrk
vkfo"dkj ;k izfØ;kxr fodkl ds lacèa k esa iznÙk fiQYe] laxhr] ys[ku dk;Z] isafVax] ewfrZdyk] daI;wVj izksxzke
gS] tks fdlh ,d O;olk; dh
vfèkdkj isVVas dgykrk gSA isVVas vkfo"dkj ds iz;ksx vkfn ds fy;s vUkU; vfèkdkj iznku djrk gSA dkWihjkbV
oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dks nwljs ls lkekU; :i ls fuekZrk ds iwjs thoudky rFkk mldh e`R;q
;k mi;ksx dk vfèkdkj ugha gS] cfYd ;g vU; yksxksa
vyx djrk gSA ds ckn 50 ls 100 o"kks± ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrk gSA
dks isVVas fd;s x, vkfo"dkj ds mRiknu mi;ksx] fcØh]
fcØh dk izLrko vkfn ls jksdrk gSA isVVas dkuwu ds dkWihjkbV ,oa lac¼ vfèkdkjksa] laxhrdkj rFkk lkmaM ds
rgr lhfer le; ds fy;s laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA ;g ”kfj;s dk;ZØe izLrqrdÙkkZ (vfHkusrk] xk;d)] fjdkWMd Z ÙkkZ
lkekU;r% 20 o"kks± ds fy;s fn;k tkrk gSA vkfn ds vfèkdkjksa dks Hkh lajf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr ds ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj% pqukSfr;k¡ ,oa lekèkku

(India's Intellectual Property Rights : Challenges and Solutions)
Hkkjr dh ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk dh •kfe;k¡

elyu] cgqr ls yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd Hkkjr&vesfjdk O;kikj esa visf{kr çxfr u gks ikus dk ftEesnkj Hkkjr dh
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk esa O;kIr •kfe;k¡ gSaA gkyk¡fd bl ckr esa mruh lPpkbZ gS ugha] ysfdu fiQj Hkh blh
cgkus gekjs ikl mi;qDr ekSdk ;g ns•us dk gS fd Hkkjr dh ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk dSlh gS!
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr esa loZçFke o"kZ 1911 esa Hkkjrh; isVsaV vkSj fMtkbu vfèkfu;e cuk;k x;k FkkA iqu% Lora=krk ds ckn 1970
esa isVsaV vfèkfu;e cuk vkSj bls o"kZ 1972 ls ykxw fd;k x;kA bl vfèkfu;e esa isVsaV (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2002
vkSj isVsaV (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2005 }kjk la'kksèku fd;s x,A
o"kZ 2005 ls Hkkjr us nokvksa ij Hkh isVsaV nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Hkkjr esa isVsaV ç.kkyh dk ç'kklu] îsVsaV] fMtkbu]
VªsMekDlZ vkSj HkkSxksfyd ladsrd egkfu;a=kd* ds vèkhu gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; isVsaV dk;kZy; dk eq[;ky; dksydkrk esa gSA
Hkkjr esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl esa futh {ks=k dh Hkkxhnkjh cgqr gh de gS vkSj bldk çeq• dkj.k Hkkjr dh detksj
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk gSA o"kZ 2005 esa tc Hkkjrh; isVsaV vfèkfu;e esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh vk'kkvksa ds
vuq:i la'kksèku fd;s x, rks isVsaV] fMtkbu] VªsMekDlZ vkSj HkkSxksfyd ladsrd egkfu;a=kd ds le{k isVsaV ds fy;s 56,000
ls Hkh vfèkd vkosnu iM+s gq, FksA
Bhd blds 10 lky ckn ;kuh o"kZ 2015 esa isVsaV ds fy;s 2,50,000 vkosnu vkSj VªsMekdZ ds fy;s 5,00,000
vkosnu yafcr FksA bu vk¡dM+ksa ij tSls gh gekjh u”kj tkrh gS] çFke n`"V;k ;gh çrhr gksrk gS fd Hkkjr dh ckSf¼d
laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk #X.k voLFkk esa gSA
D;k gks vkxs dk jkLrk \
la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh vkS|ksfxd fodkl laLFkk us vius ,d vè;;u ds }kjk ;g çekf.kr fd;k gS fd ftu ns'kksa
dh ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk lqO;ofLFkr gS] ogk¡ vkfFkZd fodkl rsth ls gqvk gSA vr% ;gk¡ lqèkkj dh furkar
vko';drk gSA
Hkkjr dks pkfg;s fd og îsVsaV] fM”kkbu] VªsMekDlZ vkSj HkkSxksfyd ladsrd egkfu;a=kd* dks pqLr ,oa nq#Lr cuk,A
cM+h la[;k esa vkosnuksa dk yafcr gksuk ;g n'kkZrk gS fd isVsaV vfèkdkj çnku djus dh gekjh O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj fd;k
tkuk pkfg;s vkSj ,d fuf'pr le; ds vanj vkosnuksa dh lquokbZ vfuok;Z dj nsuh pkfg;sA
fofnr gks fd Hkkjr ljdkj us ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj dh dok;n 'kq: dh gS vkSj ;g fuèkkZfjr
fd;k gS fd isVsaV vfèkdkj çkfIr ds fy;s fd;s tkus okys vkosnuksa ij lquokbZ dh le; lhek 1 ekg gksxh vkSj ;g
fuf'pr gh Lokxr ;ksX; dne gSA
Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ds chp fookn ,oa muds funku
vesfjdk vDlj Hkkjr ij ncko cukrk jgk gS fd og vesfjdh vkSj ;wjksih; la?k ds ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ls
laxr vius ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj fu;e cuk,A vesfjdk us dbZ ckj tkylkth] ik;jslh ,oa nokvksa tSls eqn~nksa ij
Hkkjrh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj fu;eksa ds çkoèkkuksa esa detksjh dk vkjksi yxkrs gq, viuh fpark trkbZ gSA
vesfjdk Hkkjr dks dbZ ckj psrkouh Hkh nsrk jgk gS fd og Hkkjr dks ^çkFkfed fons'kh ns'k* dh Js.kh esa fupys
Lrj ij yk ldrk gS vkSj bl vkèkkj ij Hkkjr ij dqN çfrcaèk Hkh yxk, tk ldrs gSaA
mi;ZqDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds en~nsutj tgk¡ ,d vksj Hkkjr viuh jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink uhfr ds fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa
vxzlj gqvk gS ogha nwljh vksj] vesfjdk }kjk mBk, x, ckSf¼d laink fooknksa ds ekeys esa Hkkjr dks fo'o O;kikj laxBu
ls Hkh Dyhu fpV fey xbZ gSA
fofnr gks fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu us ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ls lac¼ O;kikj fooknksa dks nwj djus ds fy;s fVªIl
(TRIPS) O;oLFkk cukbZ gSA fVªIl ;kuh ^VªsM fjysVsM vkLisDV~l vkWiQ baVsysDpqvy çkWiVhZ jkbV~l* ls lanfHkZr le>kSrk
1986&94 ds m#Xos nkSj esa fd;k x;k FkkA
xkSjryc gS fd dqNsd O;kikfjd xqVksa us Hkkjr ds fojksèk esa ;g vkokt mBkbZ Fkh fd Hkkjr us isVsaV dh xbZ nokvksa
dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy;s dqN vfuok;Z ykblsal tkjh fd;s gSaA ysfdu fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh leh{kk fjiksVZ esa ik;k
x;k fd ekpZ 2012 esa Hkkjr us igyk vkSj ,dek=k vfuok;Z ykblsal tkjh fd;k Fkk tks fd dSalj dh nok ls lac¼ FkkA

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
bl çdkj] Hkkjr ljdkj ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj lacaèkh vius fu;eksa dks u dsoy rdZlaxr cukus ij cy ns jgh
gS cfYd og tufgr dks Hkh è;ku esa j• jgh gSA blds vfrfjDr] ljdkj oSf'od xfrfofèk;ksa dks egÙo nsrs gq, vius
fu;eksa esa vko';d la'kksèku Hkh djrh vk jgh gSA
fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu&foiks

(World Intellectual Property Organisation–WIPO)
zzWIPO dk iwjk uke World Intellectual Property Organization ;kuh fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu gSA
zz;g la;qDr jk"Vª dh lcls iqjkuh ,tsafl;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
zzbldk xBu 1967 esa jpukRed xfrfofèk;ksa dks çksRlkfgr
djus vkSj fo'o esa ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k dks c<+kok
nsus ds fy;s fd;k x;k FkkA
zzblds rgr orZeku esa 26 varjkZ"Vªh; lafèk;k¡ vkrh gSaA WIPO
zzWIPO dk eq[;ky; ftusok] fLoV~”kjySaM esa gSA WORLD
zzçR;sd o"kZ 26 vçSy dks fo'o ckSf¼d laink fnol INTELLECTUAL
euk;k tkrk gSA PROPERT
zzvHkh 191 ns'k blds lnL; gSa] ftuesa la;qDr jk"Vª ds ORGANIZATION
188 lnL; ns'kksa ds vykok dqd }hilewg] gksyh lh
vkSj U;w, (Niue) 'kkfey gSaA
zzla;qDr jk"Vª ds lHkh lnL; ns'k blds lnL; cu
ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;g ckè;dkjh ugha gSA
zzfiQfyLrhu dks blesa LFkk;h i;Zos{kd dk ntkZ feyk gqvk gS rFkk yxHkx 250 NGO vkSj varj&ljdkjh laxBu bldh
cSBdksa esa crkSj vkfèkdkfjd i;Zos{kd 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
zzHkkjr 1975 esa WIPO dk lnL; cuk FkkA
WIPO ds dk;Z
zzgj iy cnyrh nqfu;k esa larqfyr varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink fu;eksa dks cukus ds fy;s ;g ,d uhfrxr eap dk dke
djrk gSA
zzfofHkUu ns'kksa dh lhekvksa ds ikj ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k vkSj fooknksa dks gy djus ds fy;s oSf'od lsok,¡ nsuk Hkh
blds dk;ks± esa 'kkfey gSA
zzckSf¼d laink ç.kkfy;ksa dks vkil esa tksM+us vkSj Kku lk>k djus ds fy;s rduhdh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk cukuk Hkh
WIPO ds f”kEes gSA
zzlHkh lnL; ns'kksa dks vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fodkl ds fy;s ckSf¼d laink dk mi;ksx djus esa l{ke
cukus ds fy;s lg;ksx vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k dk;ZØe pykukA
zzWIPO ckSf¼d laink dh tkudkjh ds fy;s fo'oluh; oSf'od lanHkZ lzksr dk dke djrk gSA
foiks dUosa'ku
;g dUosa'ku ,d cgqi{kh; lafèk gS] ftlds rgr foiks dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
foiks eap] 2013& foiks eap dk lEesyu 24 flracj] 2013 dks tsusok esa vk;ksftr gqvkA bl lEesyu esa bl
fo"k; ij ppkZ dh xbZ fd iks"k.k] vkJ; LFky vkSj ubZ mipkj rduhd ds Lrj ij D;k igy dh tk,] rkfd Hkkoh
ih<+h dks vlqfoèkk dk lkeuk u djuk iM+sA
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ejkds'k lafèk] 2013& foiks (WIPO) ds okrkZdkjksa us ejkds'k (eksjDdks) esa ,d uohu lafèk ij gLrk{kj fd;s
gSaA bl lafèk esa n`f"Vghuksa] ean n`f"V (Visually Impaired) okyksa dh iqLrdksa rd vklku igq¡p dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
blds vfrfjDr bl lafèk ds rgr varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; us egÙoiw.kZ leL;kvksa dk funku fudkyus dh {kerk Hkh fufeZr
dh gSA lafèk ds rgr ys[kdksa vkSj izdk'kdksa dks vk'oLr fd;k x;k gS fd mudh Ñfr;ksa dks funsZf'kr fd;s x, ykHkkfFkZ;ksa
ds vfrfjDr fdlh nwljs dks forfjr ugha fd;k tk,xkA lafèk esa lnL; ns'kksa ls vis{kk dh xbZ gS fd os izdkf'kr dh
xbZ Ñfr;ksa dks fiQj ls fufeZr fd;s tkus] forj.k djus vkSj mudh miyCèkrk ds fy;s jk"Vªh; dkuwu cuk,¡A
;g O;oLFkk Hkh dh xbZ gS fd tks laxBu n`f"Vghuksa] ean n`f"V;qDr yksxksa vkSj eqfær lkexzh i<+us esa vleFkZ yksxksa
dh lgk;rk djrs gSa] mUgsa lhekikj lqyHk ikB~; lkefxz;ksa ds vknku&iznku dh lqfoèkk feyrh gSA bl vknku&iznku ls
tgk¡ ,d vksj miyCèk Ñfr;ksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh gksxh] ogha Ñfr;ksa dh MqIyhdsV izfr bLrseky fd;s tkus esa deh
vk,xhA
foiks dkWihjkbV lafèk vkSj foiks ijiQkWjesal
,aM iQksuksxzkiQ lafèk ds izLrkoksa dks ea”kwjh
gky gh esa çèkkuea=kh dh vè;{krk okys dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us vkS|ksfxd uhfr o lao¼Zu foHkkx] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx
ea=kky; ds foiks dkWihjkbV lafèk rFkk foiks ijiQkWjesal ,aM iQksuksxzke lafèk ds çLrko dks ea”kwjh ns nh gSA
çeq• fcanq%
zzbu lafèk;ksa ds varxZr baVjusV vkSj fMftVy dkWihjkbV Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
zz12 ebZ] 2016 dks ljdkj }kjk ykxw jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink dkuwu (vkbZihvkj) esa mfYyf•r mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ dh
fn'kk esa ;g ea”kwjh ,d egÙoiw.kZ dne gSA
zzbldk mn~ns'; okf.kfT;d mi;ksx ds ”kfj;s vkbZihvkj dk ykHk çkIr djuk gSA
zzblds fy;s bZihvkj (End Paint Responsibility) ds ekfydksa dks baVjusV vkSj eksckby IysViQkWeZ ij miyCèk voljksa
ds lacaèk esa fn'kk&funZs'k o lgk;rk çnku dh tkrh gSA
ykHk%
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; dkWihjkbV ç.kkyh ds ”kfj;s jpukRed vfèkdkj èkkjdksa dks muds Je dk ewY; çkIr gksxkA
zz?kjsyw dkWihjkbV èkkjdksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; dkWihjkbV èkkjdksa ds leku lqj{kk lqfoèkk feysaxhA
zznwljs ns'kksa esa çfrLi¼kZ dk leku volj çkIr gksxk] D;ksafd Hkkjr fons'kh dkWihjkbV dks ekU;rk nsrk gSA
zzfMftVy IysViQkWeZ ij jpukRed mRiknksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj forj.k esa fd;s tkus okys fuos'k ij ykHk çkIr gksxk vkSj
blls vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA
zzO;kikj esa o`f¼ gksxh vkSj ,d jpuk vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ,d lkaLÑfrd ifjn`'; dk fodkl gksxkA
foiks dkWihjkbV lafèk vkSj foiks ijiQkWjesal ,aM iQksuksxzke lafèk%

zzfoiks dkWihjkbV lafèk 6 ekpZ] 2002 dks ykxw gqbZ Fkh vkSj vc rd 96 vuqcaèk i{kksa }kjk viukbZ tk pqdh gSA
zz;g cuZ dUosa'ku (lkfgfR;d vkSj dykRed dk;ks± dh lqj{kk ds fy;s) ds rgr ,d fo'ks"k le>kSrk gSA
zzfoiks ijiQkWjesal ,aM iQksuksxzke lafèk 20 ebZ] 2002 dks ykxw gqbZ Fkh vkSj blds 96 lnL; gSaA
zz;g nks çdkj ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa (•kldj fMftVy i;kZoj.k) ds vfèkdkjksa ls lacafèkr gS] ftlesa igys] dykdkj (vfHkusrk]
xk;d] laxhrdkj bR;kfn) vkSj nwljs] iQksuksxzke ds fuekZrk (èofu fjdkWfMZax djus okys) gSaA
zznksuksa gh lafèk;k¡ jpukdkjksa dks rduhdh lqfoèkkvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, jpukvksa dks lqjf{kr j•us ds fy;s ÚseodZ
miyCèk djkrh gSaA
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ckSf¼d laink fu;eksa esa la'kksèku (Amendment in Intellectual Property Rules)
dsaæh; foÙk ea=kky; us isVsaV mYya?ku dh f'kdk;rksa ds vkèkkj ij vk;kfrr mRiknksa dks tCr djus dh lhek 'kqYd
çkfèkdj.kksa esa fufgr 'kfDr dks jn~n djus ds fy;s ckSf¼d laink fu;eksa esa la'kksèku fd;k gSA
egÙoiw.kZ fcanq
zz22 twu 2018 dks ea=kky; us ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj (vk;kfrr lkeku) çorZu fu;e] 2007 esa nks la'kksèku fd;sA
zz;g la'kksèku ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj (vk;kfrr lkeku) çorZu la'kksèku fu;e] 2018] isVsaV vfèkfu;e] 1970 ds
lHkh lanHkks± dks gVk nsrk gSA
zzla'kksèku esa vkxs dh fLFkfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tks vfèkdkj èkkjd dks fdlh Hkh la'kksèku] jn~nhdj.k] fuyacu
;k çfrfØ;k ds ckjs esa lhek 'kqYd vk;qDr dks lwfpr djus ds fy;s ckè; djrk gSA
zzvrhr esa eksckby iQksu daifu;ksa dks igys ds fu;eksa ds dkj.k tfVyrkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA mnkgj.k ds
fy;s] 2007 esa enqjS fLFkr jkedqekj (ftUgksaus MÔwy (dual) fle ds fy;s isVsaV dh ekax dh Fkh) us lSelax vkSj
Likbl eksckby }kjk vk;kfrr mRiknksa dh tCrh dh ekax dh] ftlus dbZ vk;krdksa dks çHkkfor fd;kA
zzvc la'kksfèkr dkuwu lhek 'kqYd çkfèkdj.kksa dks ckSf¼d laink vihyh; cksMZ (IPAB) }kjk ikfjr vkns'k ds vkèkkj
ij blds fjdkWMZ ls vius isVsaV dks jn~n djus dh vuqefr nsxkA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu rFkk fVªIl (World Trade Organization and TRIPS)
fo'o O;kikj laxBu fofHkUu jk"Vªksa ds chp O;kikj ds oSf'od fu;eksa dh O;k[;k djrk gSA bl laxBu ds varxZr
O;kikj ls lac¼ ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj ds laj{k.k ds fy;s fVªIl (TRIPS) O;oLFkk cukbZ xbZA fVªIl dk rkRi;Z gS&
VªsM fjysVsM vkWLisDV~l vkWiQ baVysDpqvy izksiVhZ jkbV~lA fVªIl ds ”kfj;s igyh ckj cgqi{kh; O;kikj iz.kkyh esa ckSf¼d
laink fu;eksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;kA O;kikj ds varxZr dsoy oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk O;kikj ugha vkrk gS] cfYd
fopkjksa vkSj Kku dks Hkh O;kikj dk egÙoiw.kZ vax ekuk tkus yxk gSA ubZ vkS"kfèk;ksa vkSj vU; mUur rduhdksa ls fufeZr
mRikn vkfo"dkj] uokpkj] 'kksèk] fM”kkbu vkSj ijh{k.k ls lac¼ gksrs gSaA fiQYe] E;wf”kd fjdkWfM±x] iqLrdksa] daI;wVj
lkWÝVos;j ,oa vkWuykbu lsokvksa dk Ø;&foØ; buesa fufgr lwpukvksa vkSj l`tukRedrk ds dkj.k gh gksrk gSA dbZ ,sls
mRikn] ftudk O;kikj fuEu rduhd ;qDr oLrqvksa vkSj miHkksx lkefxz;ksa ds :i esa fd;k tkrk Fkk] vc muesa vkfo"dkj
,oa fM”kkbu dk csgrj vuqikr gksus ls fof'k"V gksus yxs gSaA czkaMsM diM+s vkSj ikSèkksa dh uohu fdLesa ,sls gh mRikn gSaA
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds laj{k.k vkSj bUgsa ykxw djus ls lacafèkr izkoèkku iwjs fo'o esa fHkUurk j[krs FksA ^ckSf¼d
laink* O;kikj dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax gksus ds dkj.k ;g varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd txr esa ruko dk ,d dkj.k cu x;kA
vr% ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ls lac¼ varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij LohÑr O;kikfjd fu;eksa dh vko';drk eglwl dh xbZA
bldk mn~ns'; Fkk fd ckSf¼d vfèkdkjksa ls lac¼ izkoèkkuksa dks fu;fer fd;k tk, rFkk fdlh izdkj ds fookn dks
fuiVkus dk mik; gksA
bUgha ifjizs{;ksa esa fVªIl le>kSrk yk;k x;k] rkfd iwjs fo'o esa ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dks U;k;iw.kZ laj{k.k fey
lds lkFk gh bu vfèkdkjksa dks ,d leku varjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu ds rgr yk;k tk,A le>kSrs ds rgr izR;sd ljdkj }kjk
lg;ksxh MCY;wVhvks lnL;ksa dh ckSf¼d laink dks U;wure laj{k.k fn;k tkuk gksrk gSA
lekt dk nh?kkZofèkd ykHk rHkh gksrk gS] tc ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k ls l`tu vkSj vkfo"dkj dks izksRlkgu feyrk
gSA laj{k.k dh vofèk lekIr gks tkrh gS] rc vkfo"dkj lkoZtfud ifjn`'; esa lkeus vkrk gSA
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ls lac¼ O;kikj fooknksa dks nwj djus ds fy;s vc fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds varxZr fookn
fuiVku iz.kkyh dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA fVªIl le>kSrs esa ik¡p eq[; fcanqvksa dks lekfgr fd;k x;k gS&
(i) O;kikj O;oLFkk ds ekSfyd fl¼karksa vkSj vU; varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink le>kSrksa dks fdl izdkj ykxw fd;k
tkuk pkfg;sA
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(ii) ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dks i;kZIr laj{k.k fdl izdkj fn;k tk,A
(iii) fofHkUu ns'k vius HkkSxksfyd {ks=k esa mu vfèkdkjksa dks fdl izdkj ykxw djsaA
(iv) MCY;wVhvks ds lnL; ns'kksa ds chp ckSf¼d laink fooknksa dk fuiVkjk dSls fd;k tk,A
(v) ubZ O;oLFkk izkjaHk gksus dh vofèk ds nkSjku fo'ks"k laØe.kdkyhu O;oLFkk fd;k tkukA
fVªIl le>kSrs esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ fl¼kar ;g Hkh fufgr gS fd ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k rduhdh uokpkj vkSj rduhdh
LFkkukarj.k nksuksa Lrjksa ij iznku fd;s tk,axsA le>kSrs ds vuqlkj] mRikndksa vkSj mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa nksuksa dks ykHkkfUor gksuk
pkfg;s rFkk vkfFkZd&lkekftd dY;k.k dks Hkh izksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
fVªIl le>kSrs ds rgr ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gS fd cuZ vfèkos'ku ds en~nsu”kj daI;wVj dk;ZØeksa dks lkfgfR;d
ÑR; ds :i esa le>k tk,xkA blesa ;g Hkh fufgr gS fd MkVkcsl dks fdl izdkj lajf{kr fd;k tk,A
iqu% fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds lnL;ksa us bl ckr dh vuqefr nh fd fVªIl le>kSrs ds en~nsu”kj vYifodflr ns'kksa
dks ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k 2021 rd iznku fd;k tk,A
bl nks fnolh; lEesyu esa vU; eqn~nksa ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ] tSls& ckSf¼d laink vkSj gfjr rduhd ds chp lacaèk]
ykxr izHkkoh uokpkjA
nwljh vksj lÅnh vjc us vfHker fn;k fd tyok;q ifjorZu ij ppkZ la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe vkSj fo'o
O;kikj laxBu ds O;kikj ,oa i;kZoj.k lfefr tSls eapksa ij gksuh pkfg;s] u fd fVªIl ifj"kn~ esaA
Lis'ky 301 fjiksVZ (Special 301 Report)

vizSy 2019 esa vesfjdk us viuh okf"kZd Lis'ky 301 fjiksVZ tkjh dh gSA xkSjryc gS fd vesfjdk us fjiksVZ ds bl
laLdj.k esa dqy 36 ns'kksa dks fuxjkuh lwph esa Mkyk gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzbl fjiksVZ ds varxZr] vesfjdk vius O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkjksa dk ckSf¼d laink dh j{kk vkSj çorZu lacaèkh VªSd fjdkWMZ
ij vkdyu djrk gSA
zz;wukbVsM LVsV~l VªsM fjçstsaVsfVo (USTR) ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr dks ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa (IPR) ds dfFkr mYya?kuksa
ds fy;s la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk (USA) dh ^çk;ksfjVh
okp fyLV* esa cjdjkj j•k x;k gSA
zz^çk;ksfjVh okp fyLV* esa Hkkjr ds lkFk gh phu]
baMksusf'k;k] :l] lÅnh vjc vkSj osustq,yk tSls dqy
11 ns'kksa dks j•k x;k gSA
zzrqdhZ vkSj ikfdLrku tSls dqy 25 ns'kksa dks Hkh vesfjdk
us ôkp fyLV* esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA
zzbl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa ckSf¼d laink dh
pqukSfr;k¡ yacs le; ls cjdjkj gSa vkSj Hkkjr ckSf¼d
laink ds laj{k.k rFkk muds çorZu ds lacaèk esa nqfu;k dh lcls pqukSrhiw.kZ çeq• vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ls ,d gSA
Hkkjr ij çHkko
zzvesfjdh ljdkj fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) ;k vU; çklafxd O;kikj le>kSrs ij fookn fuiVku dh dk;Zokfg;k¡
'kq: dj ldrh gSA
zzvesfjdh ljdkj ,drjiQk VSfjiQ çkFkfedrkvksa tSls fd lkekU;hÑr ç.kkyh (GSP) dks Hkh lekIr dj ldrh gSA
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ckSf¼d laink o gfjr VsDuksykWth (Intellectual Property & Green Technology)
ckSf¼d laink vkSj gfjr VsDuksykWth ij bDokMksj }kjk ,d nLrkos”k izLrqr fd;k x;k] ftlesa ;g loky mBk;k x;k
Fkk fd D;k ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh rduhdksa ds fodkl o muds mi;ksx ds fgr esa gS ;k buds fodkl
esa vojksèk mRiUu djrk gS\ bl nLrkos”k ds ekè;e ls lnL; ns'kksa ls ;g leh{kk djus dh vihy dh xbZ gS fd D;k
ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k rduhd gLrkarj.k esa #dkoV mRiUu djrk gS rFkk gfjr rduhdksa dks vkSj vfèkd O;;lkè; cukrk
gS\ blesa izLrko fn;k x;k gS fd fVªIl le>kSrs esa la'kksèku dj gfjr rduhdksa ij ykxw gksus okys isaVsaV dh le;&lhek
dks de fd;k tk,A
bu izLrkoksa dks D;wck] baMksusf'k;k] phu] Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k] czk”khy tSls ns'kksa us viuk leFkZu fn;k] tcfd vesfjdk]
tkiku] ;wjksih; la?k] fLoV~”kjySaM] vkWLVªsfy;k tSls fodflr ns'kksa us fojksèk trkrs gq, dgk fd ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k
i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh rduhdksa ds fodkl vkSj rduhdh gLrkarj.k dks izksRlkfgr djrk gSA bl izdkj gfjr VsDuksykWth dk
gLrkarj.k ckSf¼d laink ds laj{k.k le>kSrs esa fookn dk fo"k; cuk gqvk gSA
jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr] 2016% ^jpukRed Hkkjr_ vfHkuo Hkkjr*
(National Intellectual Property Right Policy, 2016: ‘Creative India; Innovative India’)
ebZ 2016 esa dsanz ljdkj us ns'k dh igyh jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr (National Intellectual Property
Rights - IPR Policy) dks ea”kwjh ns nhA bl dne ls Hkkjr esa ckSf¼d laink ds fy;s Hkkoh jksMeSi rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk
feysxhA bl uhfr ls Hkkjr esa jpukRed vkSj vfHkuo ÅtkZ ds HkaMkj dks izksRlkgu feysxk rFkk lcds csgrj ,oa mTToy
Hkfo"; ds fy;s bl ÅtkZ dk vkn'kZ bLrseky laHko gksxkA
zzjk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr ,d fo”ku nLrkos”k gS] ftlls leLr ckSf¼d lainkvksa ds chp lg;ksx laHko
cuk;k tk,xkA
zzblls lacafèkr fu;e Hkh rS;kj fd;s tk,axs] ftuds ”kfj;s dk;kZUo;u] fuxjkuh vkSj leh{kk ls lacafèkr laLFkkxr iz.kkfy;ksa
dks ,dtqV djus esa lgk;rk feysxhA
zzbl uhfr ls ljdkj }kjk vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl laxBuksa] f'k{kk laLFkkuksa] lw{e] y?kq eè;e miØeksa] LVkVZ&vi vkSj
vU; fgrèkkjdksa dks 'kfDr&laiUu fd;k tk,xk] rkfd os vfHkuo rFkk jpukRed okrkoj.k dk fodkl dj ldsaA
zzbl uhfr ds rgr bl ckr ij cy fn;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr ckSf¼d laink lacaèkh dkuwuksa dks ekurk gS vkSj ckSf¼d
laink dh lqj{kk ds fy;s ;gk¡ iz'kklfud rFkk U;kf;d <k¡pk ekStwn gSA
zzbl uhfr esa nksgk fodkl ,tsaMk vkSj ckSf¼d laink lacaèkh le>kSrs ds izfr Hkkjr dh izfrc¼rk iznf'kZr gksrh gSA
uhfr ds eq[; fcanq

fo”ku ?kks"k.kk% Hkkjr esa lcds ykHk ds fy;s ckSf¼d laink dks jpukRed vkSj vfHkuo vkèkkj feyrk gSA Hkkjr
esa ckSf¼d laink ls foKku] izkS|ksfxdh] dyk] laLÑfr] ikjaifjd Kku vkSj tSo fofoèkrk lalkèkuksa dks izksRlkgu feyrk
gSA Hkkjr esa fodkl ds fy;s Kku eq[; dkjd gSA
fe'ku ?kks"k.kk% Hkkjr esa 'kfDr'kkyh] thoar vkSj larqfyr ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj iz.kkyh ls jpukRedrk ,oa uokpkj
dks lgk;rk feyrh gS] m|e'khyrk dks izksRlkgu feyrk gS rFkk lkekftd&vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fodkl dks c<+kok
feyrk gSA blds ”kfj;s LokLF; lqfoèkk] [kk| lqj{kk vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{kk dks c<+kus esa enn feyrh gSA vU; egÙoiw.kZ
lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj rduhdh egÙo Hkh blls tqM+s gq, gSaA
uhfr ds y{;
uhfr ds lkr y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSa] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa%

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zzckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj tkx:drk% igq¡p vkSj izksRlkgu& lekt ds lHkh oxks± esa ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds
vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ykHkksa ds izfr tkx:drk mRiUu djukA
zzckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dk l`tu% ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds l`tu dks c<+kok nsukA
zzoSèkkfud ,oa foèkk;h <k¡pk% e”kcwr vkSj izHkko'kkyh ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj fu;eksa dks viukuk] rkfd vfèkÑr
O;fDr;ksa rFkk o`gn~ yksdfgr ds chp larqyu dk;e gks ldsA
zziz'kklu ,oa izcaèku% lsok vkèkkfjr ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj iz'kklu dks vkèkqfud vkSj e”kcwr cukukA
zzckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dk O;kolk;hdj.k% O;kolk;hdj.k ds ”kfj;s ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dk ewY; fuèkkZj.k
djukA
zzizorZu ,oa U;k;kfèkdj.k% ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds mYya?ku dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy;s izorZu ,oa U;kf;d
iz.kkfy;ksa dks e”kcwr cukukA
zzekuo lalkèku fodkl% ekuo lalkèkuksa] laLFkkuksa dh f'k{k.k] izf'k{k.k] vuqlaèkku {kerkvksa dks e”kcwr cukuk rFkk
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa esa dkS'ky&fuekZ.k djukA
bu y{;ksa dks foLr`r dk;Z iz.kkyh ds ”kfj;s gkfly fd;k tk,xkA fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa@foHkkxksa }kjk dh tkus okyh
dkjZokbZ dh fuxjkuh vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa çksRlkgu foHkkx (DIPP) djsxkA MhvkbZihih Hkkjr esa ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa
ds Hkkoh fodkl] dk;kZUo;u] fn'kk&funsZ'k vkSj leUo; djus okyk uksMy foHkkx gksxkA
uhfr dh vko';drk
zzckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa dk egÙo iwjs fo'o esa c<+ jgk gS] blfy;s ;g vko';d gS fd Hkkjr esa bu vfèkdkjksa ds
izfr tkx:drk c<+kbZ tk,A ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd i{k Hkh tqM+s gq, gSaA blds fy;s
?kjsyw Lrj ij vkbZih iQkbfyax vkSj isVsaV dh okf.kfT;d fLFkfr ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh vko';d gSA
zzoSf'od nok fuekZrk daifu;k¡] fo'ks"kdj vesfjdh daifu;ksa }kjk Hkkjrh; ckSf¼d laink dkuwu esa cnyko ds fy;s
ncko cuk;k tk jgk FkkA muds }kjk Hkkjrh; uhfr dh vLi"Vrk rFkk Hkkjr esa ewY; fu;a=k.k o foi.ku izfrcaèk dks
ysdj yxkrkj vkykspuk,¡ dh tk jgh FkhaA
zzorZeku esa Vhihih (TPP - Trans-Pacific Partnership) tSls esxk VªsM ,xzhesaV o vU; le>kSrksa us fodkl'khy ns'kksa
ds le{k ubZ pqukSfr;k¡ mRiUu dh gSa] ftuls yM+us esa ubZ uhfr dkjxj gksxhA
zz'kksèk o fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ljdkj }kjk dj NwV vkfn iznku djus esa Hkh ubZ vkbZihvkj (IPR) uhfr
egÙoiw.kZ fl¼ gksxhA ;g uhfr esd bu bafM;k] LVkVZ&vi vkSj fMf”kVy bafM;k tSls dk;ZØeksa ds fy;s Hkh egÙoiw.kZ
fl¼ gksxhA
vkbZihvkj uhfr ls tqM+s dqN eqn~ns
zzizLrkfor uhfr ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr us vkikr fLFkfr;ksa esa vfuok;Z ykblsaflax (Compulsory Licensing) ds vius
vfèkdkj dks cjdjkj j[kk gSA
zzljdkj us bl ckr dh vksj Hkh b'kkjk fd;k gS fd isVsaV dkuwuksa esa rqjar cnyko dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gS] D;ksafd
;s iwjh rjg ls fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds fu;eksa ds vuqorhZ gSaA blfy;s ljdkj us vesfjdk rFkk if'peh ns'kksa ds ncko
dk iwjh rjg ls fojksèk fd;k gSA
zzlkFk gh bl uhfr esa vyx ls isVsaV dkuwu dh èkkjk 3(d) dh Hkh ppkZ ugha dh xbZ gSA
bu eqn~nksa ds dkj.k vesfjdh O;kikj izfrfufèk;ksa }kjk Hkkjrh; vkbZihvkj O;oLFkk dh dVq vkykspuk djrs gq, Hkkjr
dks ojh;rk fuxjkuh lwph (Priority Watch List) esa j[kk x;k gS] rFkkfi Hkkjr ljdkj dk dguk gS fd Hkkjrh; vkbZihvkj
(IPR) O;oLFkk dkuwuh :i ls U;k;laxr o fo'o O;kikj laxBuksa ds fu;eksa ds vuqorhZ gSA
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varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink lwpdkad 2019 (International Intellectual Property Index 2019)
Hkkjr dh uokpkj ikfjfLFkfrdh esa lqèkkj dks Lohdkj djrs gq,] ;w,l pSacj vkWiQ dkWelZ (US Chamber of
Commerce) us o"kZ 2019 ds fy;s tkjh varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink lwpdkad esa Hkkjr dks 50 ns'kksa esa ls 36osa LFkku ij
j[kk gSA
mYys[kuh; gS fd varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink lwpdkad 2018 esa Hkkjr 44oas LFkku ij FkkA
egÙoiw.kZ fcanq
zzbl o"kZ tkjh lwpdkad varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink lwpdkad dk lkrok¡ laLdj.k gS rFkk bldk 'kh"kZd ^baLik;fjax Vqekjks*
(Inspiring Tomorrow) gSA
zzbl lwpdkad esa 50 ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] mYys[kuh; gS fd o"kZ 2018 esa bl lwpdkad esa ik¡p u, ns'kksa
(vFkZO;oLFkkvksa)& dksLVkfjdk] vk;jySaM] tkWMZu] eksjDdks vkSj uhnjySaM~l dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA blls igys bl
lwpdkad esa 45 ns'k FksA
zzHkkjr 16.22 vadksa ds lkFk lwpdkad esa 36osa LFkku ij gSA Hkkjr dh fLFkfr esa ;g lqèkkj Hkkjrh; uhfr fuekZrkvksa
}kjk ?kjsyw m|fe;ksa vkSj fons'kh fuos'kdksa ds fy;s leku :i ls ,d lrr~ uoksUes"kh ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k fodflr djus
ds iz;klksa dks n'kkZrk gSA
zzlwpdkad esa 'kh"kZ 10 esa LFkku gkfly djus okys ns'k rFkk mudk Ldksj bl izdkj gS&
'kh"kZ 10 esa 'kkfey ns'k

jSad ns'k dk uke Ldksj
1- vesfjdk 42.66
2- ;wukbVsM fdaxMe 42.22
3- LohMu 41.03
4- Úk¡l 41.00
5- ”keZuh 40.54
6- vk;jySaM 40.24
7- uhnjySaM 40.07
8- tkiku 39.48
9- fLoV~”kjySaM 37.25
10- Lisu 37.12
zzBRICS ns'kksa esa czk”khy 18.25 vadksa ds lkFk 31osa LFkku ij] :l 19.46 vadksa ds lkFk 29osa LFkku ij] Hkkjr
16.22 vadksa ds lkFk 36osa LFkku ij] phu 21.45 vadksa ds lkFk 25osa LFkku ij rFkk nf{k.k vÚhdk 15.55 vadksa
ds lkFk 38osa LFkku ij gSA
zzlwpdkad eas 'kkfey vafre ik¡p ns'k vkSj mudk Ldksj bl izdkj gS&
vafre 5 esa 'kkfey ns'k

jSad ns'k dk uke Ldksj
46- bDokMksj 12.35
47- ikfdLrku 12.00
48- felz 11.83

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
49- vYthfj;k 10.28
50- osustq,yk 7.11
Hkkjr dh fLFkfr dks l'kDr cukus okys izeq[k {ks=k

zzfo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu (World Intellectual Property Organisation-WIPO) dh baVjusV lafèk;ksa esa 'kkfey
gksus ls Hkkjr ds dkWihjkbV laj{k.k ds varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa dks ekU;rk feyh gSA
zzJPO (Japan Patent Office) ds lkFk u, PPH (Patent Prosecution Highway) dk;ZØe dk dk;kZUo;u ,d
ldkjkRed dne gSA
zzmnkj vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl vkSj IP vkèkkfjr izksRlkguA
zzSMEs ds fy;s IP ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk mi;ksx gsrq yf{kr iz'kklfud izksRlkgu nsus esa oSf'od :i ls vxz.kh
ns'kA
zzik;jslh vkSj tkylkth ds udkjkRed izHkko ij tkx:drk c<+kus ds iz;klA
Hkkjr dh fLFkfr dks de”kksj cukus okys izeq[k {ks=k

zzl[r iathdj.k vko';drkvksa lfgr ykblsaflax vkSj izkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k esa vkus okyh ckèkk,¡A
zzck;ksiQkekZL;wfVdy daifu;ksa ds IP vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s lhfer <k¡pkA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds ckgj isVsaV izkIr djus dh vko';drk,¡A
zzck;ksiQkekZL;wfVdYl ds fy;s fdlh 'kksèkdÙkkZ fodkl dk;ZØe (Researcher Development Program-RDP) miyCèk
u gksukA
zziwoZ esa O;kolkf;d vkSj xSj&vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa ds fy;s mi;ksx dh tkus okyh vfuok;Z ykblsaflaxA
dkWihjkbV vkSj lac¼ vfèkdkj (Copyright and Related Rights)

MªkÝV dkWihjkbV la'kksèku fu;e] 2019 (Draft Copyright Amendment Rules, 2019)
twu 2019 esa m|ksx vkSj vkarfjd O;kikj lao¼Zu foHkkx (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade DPIIT) us MªkÝV dkWihjkbV (la'kksèku fu;e)] 2019 tkjh fd;kA
fMftVy ;qx esa VsD‍uksykWth dh çxfr dks ns•rs gq, dkWihjkbV vfèkfu;e dk lgt vkSj nks"kjfgr ifjikyu lqfuf'pr
djus vkSj dkuwu dks çklafxd foèkkuksa ds led{k ykus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ds m|ksx rFkk vkrafjd O‍;kikj lao¼Zu
foHkkx us dkWihjkbV la'kksèku fu;e] 2019 dks ykxw djus dk çL‍rko fd;k gSA
Hkkjr esa dkWihjkbV 'kklu] dkWihjkbV vfèkfu;e] 1957 vkSj dkWihjkbV fu;e] 2013 }kjk 'kkflr gSA
dkWihjkbV fu;e] 2013 dks fiNyh ckj o"kZ 2016 esa dkWihjkbV fu;e] 2016 ds ekè;e ls la'kksfèkr fd;k x;k FkkA
MªkÝV fu;eksa esa çLrko
dkWihjkbV cksMZ (Copyright Board) dks cnyus ds fy;s ,d vihyh; cksMZ (Appellate Board) dk xBu fd;k
tk,xkA
cksMZ ds vè;{k vkSj vU; lnL;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ VªsM ekdZ vfèkfu;e] 1999 (Trade Marks Act, 1999) ds çkoèkkuksa
ds vuqlkj dh tk,xhA
;g mu rjhdksa dks Hkh la'kksfèkr djus dk çLrko djrk gS ftldh lgk;rk ls dkWihjkbV lkslk;Vh (Copyright
Societies) viuh VSfjiQ ;kstukvksa (Tariff Schemes) dks lqfuf'pr djrh gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dkWihjkbV lkslk;Vh ,d dkuwuh fudk; gS tks okf.kfT;d çcaèku ds jpukRed ys•dksa dks muds fgrksa dh lqj{kk
dk vk'oklu gSA
;g lkslkbVh ykblsal tkjh djrh gS vkSj VSfjiQ Ldhe ds vuqlkj jkW;YVh tek djrh gSA
DPIIT us la'kksèkuksa gsrq çLrko fn;k gS fd dkWihjkbV lkslk;Vh VSfjiQ dk fuèkkZj.k djrs le; ¶ØkWl&lsD'kuy VSfjiQ
rqyuk*] vkfFkZd vuqlaèkku] ys•u ds mi;ksx dh çÑfr vkSj foLrkj] mi;ksx lacaèkh vfèkdkjksa dk O;kolkf;d ewY; ,oa
ykblsalèkkfj;ksa dks ykHk lacaèkh igyqvksa ij fopkj dj ldrh gSA
çLrkfor la'kksèkuksa ds vuqlkj] dkWihjkbV lkslk;Vh }kjk viuh osclkbV ij çR;sd foÙkh; o"kZ ds fy;s ôkf"kZd
ikjnf'kZrk fjiksVZ* (Annual Transparency Report) dk çdk'ku vfuok;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
vkS|ksfxd laink vfèkdkj (Industrial Property Right)

fof'k"V fpÉ] tSls& VªsMekdZ] ;g fdlh ,d O;olk; dh oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dks nwljs O;olk; dh oLrqvksa vkSj
lsokvksa ls vyx djrk gS rFkk HkkSxksfyd lwpdkad] fdlh oLrq ds ewy mRiknu LFkku dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj ml LFkku dh
fof'k"V HkkSxksfyd n'kkvksa dk lacaèk ml oLrq ds lkFk LFkkfir djrk gSA ,sls fof'k"V fpÉksa ds laj{k.k dk mn~ns';
U;k;iw.kZ izfrLi¼kZ dks izksRlkfgr djuk vkSj bls cuk, j[kuk rFkk miHkksDrkvksa dks lqj{kk iznku djuk gksrk gS] ftlls
muds ikl fofHkUu oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds chp fodYi pquus dk volj gksrk gSA ;g laj{k.k vfuf'prdky ds fy;s
fn;k tk ldrk gSA
vkS|ksfxd laink ds bl izdkj ds vkfo"dkj (ftUgsa isVsaV }kjk laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gS) vkSj vkS|ksfxd fM”kkbu VªsM
lhØsV j[ks tkrs gSaA bl laj{k.k dk lkekftd mn~ns'; uohu rduhd ds fodkl esa fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr djuk gSA blds
”kfj;s fuf'pr vofèk rd laj{k.k iznku fd;k tkrk gS (isVsaV 20 o"kks± ds fy;s fn;s tkrs gSa) A
isVsaV (Patent)
fdlh O;fDr ;k m|e }kjk fd;s x, vkfo"dkj ;k [kkstksa ;k ml O;fDr ;k m|e }kjk fd;s x, izfØ;kxr fodkl
ls lac¼ dkuwuh laj{k.k dks isVsaV ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA
zzisVsaV] vkfo"dkj ds ç;ksx ;k mi;ksx dk vfèkdkj ugha gS] cfYd ;g vU; yksxksa dks isVsaV fd;s x, vkfo"dkj ds
mRiknu] mi;ksx] fcØh] fcØh dk çLrko] vk;kr vkfn dks jksdrk gSA
zzvkfo"dkj dks çksRlkgu nsus ds fy;s isVsaV dkuwu ds rgr lhfer le; rd laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% isVsaV ds
fy;s 20 o"kks± dk laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA
isVsaV dh voèkkj.kk loZizFke 18oha lnh esa mHkjhA ml le; isVsaV djkus okys vius }kjk fd;s x, vkfo"dkj dk
fooj.k ntZ djkrs FksA fczVsu esa uohu isVsaV iz.kkyh dks isVsaV dkuwu la'kksèku] 1852 ds ”kfj;s ykxw fd;k x;kA bldk
mn~ns'; Fkk& NksVs osapjksa ds fy;s iwath vkSj vkS|ksfxd ykHk ds fy;s uohu fopkj ,d=k djukA
iwoZ esa varjkZ"Vªh; isVsaV iz.kkyh tSlh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha FkhA dbZ o"kks± rd fopkj djus ds ckn fofHkUu ns'kksa us
fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd isVsaV dks varjkZ"Vªh;Ñr dj nsus ls izHkko'khyrk c<+sxh vkSj ykxr esa deh vk,xhA blds ckn fo'o
Lrj ij isVsaV ls lac¼ lafèk;k¡ ,oa lEesyu fd;s tkus yxsA
o"kZ 1973 esa E;wfu[k (teZuh) esa ;wjksih; isVsaV dUosa'ku ij gLrk{kj fd;s x,A 1 twu] 1978 dks ;g fØ;k'khy
gqvkA ;fn dksbZ vkosnudÙkkZ dqN ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa vius vkfo"dkj dks laj{k.k nsuk pkgrk gS rks ;wjksih; isVsaV dUosa'ku
dk;kZy; fpfÉr ns'kksa ls lac¼ ,dy vkosnu dk ykHk isVsaVèkkjd dks nsrk gSA
Hkkjr esa nokvksa ds isVsaV ls lacafèkr gkfy;k fookn% gky ds o"kks± esa Hkkjr esa nokvksa] fo'ks"kdj tsusfjd nokvksa
ds lacaèk esa vfuok;Z ykblsaflax ds eqn~ns us fookn dk Lo:i èkkj.k dj fy;k gSA bl fookn ds loZçeq[k dkj.kksa esa o"kZ
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2005 esa la'kksfèkr isVsaV dkuwu dh èkkjk 3(Mh) gSA ;g èkkjk ewyr% ,ojxzhfuax (Evergreening) dks jksdrh gS vkSj dsoy
ewy 'kksèkksa dks gh isVsaV çnku djrh gSA ,ojxzhfuax ls rkRi;Z gS] okLrfod mRikn esa gh FkksM+k&cgqr cnyko dj isVsaV dh
vofèk dks c<+krs jgukA ;g vkS"kèkh; isVsaV ds ekeys esa dkiQh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bl lacaèk esa o"kZ 2013 dk uksokfVZl
ekeyk dkiQh pfpZr jgk Fkk] ftlesa lqçhe dksVZ us èkkjk 3(Mh) ds rgr Xyhosd (Glivec) ds isVsaV dks [kkfjt djrs
gq, dgk Fkk fd ;g iwoZ dh vkS"kfèk besfruhc (Imatinib) dk gh :i gS vkSj blesa dksbZ ekSfyd 'kksèk ugha gqvk gSA
bl fu.kZ; us Hkkjr esa nokvksa ds isVsaV ds lacaèk esa ,d yach cgl dks tUe fn;kA dbZ vkykspdksa us dgk fd ;g
vkS"kfèk ds {ks=k esa 'kksèk dks dqçHkkfor djsxk] D;ksafd blls nok daifu;ksa ds çksRlkgu esa deh gqbZA de ykHk ds dkj.k
nok daifu;k¡ vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl ij de [kpZ djasxh] ftlls fofHkUu jksxksa ds bykt o nokvksa ds fodkl dh xfr
ean gksxhA lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd Hkkjr dh igpku ,d de”kksj vkbZihvkj (IPR) okys jk"Vª ds :i esa gqbZ]
ftlls cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ Hkkjrh; ck”kkj esa ços'k djus ds fy;s grksRlkfgr gksaxhA
¯drq ;fn ge lexzrk esa ns[ksa rks mi;qZDr rdZ fujkèkkj fl¼ gksrs gSaA ,ojxzhfuax dks fu;af=kr djus ds lanHkZ esa
uksokfVZl ekeys ds fu.kZ; dk Lokxr fo'o LokLF; laxBu] ,e,l,iQ (MSF) o vU; ds }kjk Hkh fd;k x;kA Hkkjr
esa o`gn~ xjhch vkSj lLrh nok rd igq¡p lqfuf'pr djus ds lanHkZ esa Hkh ;g fu.kZ; Lokxr ;ksX; gSA lkFk gh ;g nok
daifu;ksa dks 'kksèk ds fy;s vfèkd fuos'k djus dks ckfèkr djsxk] D;ksafd vc ,ojxzhfuax dks çfrcafèkr djus ls ewy
'kksèk gh u, isVsaV vkSj vfèkd ykHk dk ”kfj;k cu ldsxkA
Hkkjr esa nok isVsaV ls lacafèkr ,d vU; fookn dk eqn~nk gS çh&xzkaV viksft'ku (Pre-grant opposition), tks
fdlh rhljh ikVhZ dks ;g vfèkdkj çnku djrk gS fd og isVsaV çnku fd;s tkus ls igys bls pqukSrh ns ldrh gSA ;g
çfØ;k cgqr ls ns'kksa esa ekU; ugha gS] rFkkfi ;g ,uthvks (NGO) o vU; yksdfgrdkjh laLFkk dks vfèkdkj çnku dj
tufgr dks çHkkoh cukrh gSA çh&xzkaV viksft'ku ds dkj.k dbZ vesfjdh daifu;ksa ds isVsaV jn~n gq,] blfy;s vesfjdk
}kjk bldk [kklk fojksèk fd;k x;k gSA
ijarq bu lcls vfèkd ftl ,d eqn~ns us Hkkjr esa nok ds isVsaV dks fookfnr cuk;k gS] og gS vfuok;Z ykblsaflaxA
blls lacafèkr fookn cs;j&ukVdks ekeys esa fu.kZ; ukVdks ds i{k esa x;k vkSj ukVdks iQkekZ dSalj dh nok usDlkoj
ds fuekZ.k ,oa fcØh dk dk;Z tkjh j[k ldsxhA vfuok;Z ykblsaflax ls rkRi;Z gS] fdlh vfr vko';d tsusfjd nok ds
fuekZ.k dk vfèkdkj vU; daiuh dks fn;k tkukA bldk dkiQh fojksèk cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa }kjk fd;k x;k] rFkkfi vfuok;Z
ykblsaflax dk çkoèkku Lo;a fVªIl (TRIPS) ds fu;eksa esa gS vkSj brus fnuksa esa Hkkjr us vfuok;Z ykblsaflax dk çkoèkku
dsoy ,d ckj fd;k gSA Hkkjr ds bu fu.kZ;ksa dk vesfjdk }kjk dkiQh fojksèk fd;k x;kA oSf'od ckSf¼d laink dsanz]
tks fd vesfjdk ds psacj vkWiQ dkWelZ ls lac¼ gS] us Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink baMsDl esa lcls fupyk Lrj
çnku fd;k gSA
bu fojksèkksa dk ;fn ge lexzrk esa fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa rks ;s fujkèkkj fl¼ gksrs gSa] D;ksafd Hkkjr fVªIl ds fu;eksa dk
iw.kZ vuqikyu djrk jgk gSA fiQj gky ds lHkh ekeyksa esa Hkkjr us çR;sd dne dkuwu ds varxZr gh mBk;k gS vkSj bu
dneksa dh oSèkrk ns'k ds U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ;ksa }kjk LFkkfir gqbZ gSA pw¡fd] Hkkjr u dsoy vius ns'k esa] cfYd rhljh
nqfu;k ds fodkl'khy ns'kksa fo'ks"kdj vizQhdk ds ns'kksa esa Hkh tsusfjd nokvksa dk lcls cM+k vkiwfrZdÙkkZ gS] blfy;s Hkkjr
dh çkFkfedrkvksa dks ns[krs gq, dgk tk ldrk gS fd gkfy;k fookn fujkèkkj gSA
Hkkjrh; isVsaV dkuwu rFkk fu;e
Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; esa isVsaV lacafèkr eq[; foèkku isVsaV vfèkfu;e] 1970 esa fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr esa isVsaV iz.kkyh dk
iz'kklu isVsaV] fM”kkbu] VªsM ekDlZ vkSj HkkSxksfyd ladsr egkfu;a=kd ds vèkh{k.k esa gksrk gSA isVsaV dk;kZy; u, isVsaV
vfèkfu;e ds rgr u, vkfo"dkjksa ds fy;s isVsaV iznku djus lacaèkh fofèkd dÙkZO;ksa dk fu"iknu djrk gSA
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bl vfèkfu;e dk la'kksèku isVsaV (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2002 }kjk vkSj isVsaV (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2005 }kjk
fVªIl ds djkj ds rgr Hkkjr ds nkf;Roksa dh ns[k&js[k djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA la'kksèku ds ckn mRikn isVsaV (izfØ;k
isVsaV dh ctk;) [kk|] Hks"kt vkSj jlk;u mRiknksa ds fy;s fn;k tk jgk gSA bl izdkj o"kZ 2005 ls Hkkjr us nokvksa ij
Hkh isVsaV nsuk 'kq: fd;kA
gky gh esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us fLoV~”kjySaM dh daiuh uksokfVZl }kjk XyhokWd uked dSalj jksèkh nok cukus ds isVsaV
vfèkdkj lacaèkh nh xbZ pqukSrh dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA uksokfVZl us dgk fd Hkkjrh; isVsaV dk;kZy; }kjk nok ij isVsaV
vfèkdkj dks vLohdkj djus ds fu.kZ; dks pqukSrh nh xbZ FkhA njvly] XyhokWd ij isVsaV dh ekax blfy;s Lohdkj ugha
dh xbZ] D;ksafd fupyh vnkyr us ;g ik;k fd daiuh ck”kkj esa miyCèk nok ds iQkWewZys esa NksVk&eksVk cnyko dj ml
ij vfèkdkj tekuk pkgrh FkhA
Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa }kjk fufeZr XyhokWd dh ,d ekg dh [kqjkd dh dher `13000 iM+rh gS] tcfd uksokfVZl dh
nok dh dher djhc 1 yk[k 30 g”kkj #i, izfr ekg gSA fo'ys"kdksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd Hkkjr dk isVsaV dkuwu jksfx;ksa
ds fgr esa gS vkSj ,d gh nok ds iQkWewZys esa FkksM+k&cgqr cnyko dj dksbZ Hkh daiuh u, isVsaV dk nkok ugha dj ldrhA
;g ”k:j gS fd Hkkjr ds isVsaV dkuwu esa 2005 ds ckn cnyko fd;s x,] ysfdu blds ckotwn egÙoiw.kZ nokb;k¡ lLrs
nkeksa ij miyCèk gSa] D;ksafd mudk mRiknu 2005 ds igys ls gksrk vk jgk FkkA
loksZPp U;k;ky; us uksokfVZl ekeys esa lquokbZ djrs gq, Hkkjrh; egkfu;a=kd ,dLo vfHkdYi ,oa O;kikj fpÉ
(Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks) ds 2006 ds vkns'k dks lgh Bgjk;kA bl vkns'k esa ;g
mYys[k Fkk fd dSalj ds bykt esa iz;qDr gksus okyh nok XyhokWd iqjkuh nok dk gh la'kksfèkr :i gSA blfy;s bls Hkkjr
esa isVsaV dh vuqefr ugha nh tk ldrh gSA uksokfVZl dk dguk Fkk fd XyhokWd dks izHkkoh nok cukus ds fy;s o"kks± rd
vuqlaèkku fd;s x, gSaA vr% mldk isVsaV djkuk mldk vfèkdkj gSA blus Hkkjrh; isVsaV dkuwu ds ml micaèk dks pqukSrh
nh Fkh] ftlds rgr ekStwnk ekWyhD;wYl ds u, izk:i dks isVsaV dkuwu ds rgr laj{kk nsus ij izfrcaèk yxk;k x;k gSA
MCY;wvkbZihvks ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr fo'o esa 7ok¡ fo'kkyre isVsaV iQkbfyax vkWfiQl gSA o"kZ 2015 esa Hkkjr esa phu]
;w,l,] tkiku] dksfj;k x.kjkT; vkSj teZuh dh rqyuk esa 45,658 isVsaV iathÑr gq,A blds ckotwn Hkkjr vuqØfed
dky ds vkèkkj ij izfr O;fDr de isVsaV dk mRiknd ns'k gSA
mYys[kuh; gS fd foxr o"kks± esa ?kjsyw isVsaV iz.kkyh esa deh vkbZ gSA o"kZ 2015 esa fons'kh dk;kZy;ksa esa Hkkjrh;
fuokfl;ksa dks 5000 ls vfèkd isVsaV fn;s x, Fks] ogha Hkkjr esa fuoklh iQkbfyax dh la[;k yxHkx 800 jgh gSA isVsaV
nsus esa gqbZ deh dk dkj.k dBksj tk¡p izfØ;k jgh gSA bldks nwj djus ds fy;s ljdkj }kjk vfrfjDr isVsaV tk¡pdÙkkZvksa
dh fu;qfDr dh xbZ gSA lkFk gh Hkkjrh; fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s 'kh?kz iQkbfyax iz.kkyh dks fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
isVsaV] dkWihjkbV rFkk VªsMekdZ (Patent, Copyright and Trademark)

vkfo"dkj dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy;s isVsaV dkuwu ds rgr lhfer le; rd laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gS] lkekU; :i ls
ns[kk tk, rks izrhr gksrk gS fd isVsaV vkSj dkWihjkbV ds fy;s leku mn~ns'; ls laj{k.k fn;k tkrk gS] tcfd okLro esa
isVsaV dkuwu dk mn~ns'; ,oa blls lacafèkr Hkkouk dkWihjkbV ds vuq:i ugha gksrh gSA
dkWihjkbV ds rgr l`tukRedrk dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj l`tu ds rqjar ckn ls gh laj{k.k izkjaHk gks tkrk
gS] Hkys gh bl l`ftr dk;Z dks lkoZtfud fd;k x;k gks ;k ughaA dkWihjkbV dh xbZ lkexzh ,d ckj lkoZtfud :i ls
lkeus vkrh gS rks bl lkexzh ds lacaèk esa dqN Hkh xqIr ugha jg tkrk vkSj ;g lHkh ds fy;s lqxe gks tkrh gSA lexz
:i ls dksbZ Hkh ekSfyd ÑR;] tks fdlh vU; ds ÑR; esa vfrØe.k ugha djrk gS] dkWihjkbV dkuwu }kjk lajf{kr fd;k
tkrk gSA
vr% dkWihjkbV izkIr djus esa dksbZ tfVyrk ugha gksrh gS] tcfd isVsaV vfèkdkj izkIr djuk ,d tfVy izfØ;k gSA
blds vfrfjDr dkWihjkbV laj{k.k dks uohuhÑr (Renewed) fd;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd isVsaV vofèk lekIr gksus ij
bls uohuhÑr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkkZr~ ,d ckj isVsaV lekIr gks tkus ij vkfo"dkj lkoZtfud {ks=k dk vax cu
tkrk gSA ogha VªsMekdZ ds rgr oSlh ckSf¼d laink dk laj{k.k fd;k tkrk gS] ftldk Lo;a esa dksbZ egÙo ugha gksrk gSA
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è;krO; gS fd isVsaV fd;s x, vkfo"dkj dk mldh fof'k"Vrk vkSj mi;ksfxrk ds vkèkkj ij egÙo gksrk gS] tcfd VªsMekdZ
dk egÙo lac¼ oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa ls igpkuk tkrk gSA
isVsaV vkSj VªsMekdZ ds chp ,d le:irk ;g fn[krh gS fd laj{k.k LohÑfr ds iwoZ isVsaV dh yach LØhfuax izfØ;k
gksrh gSA blh izdkj VªsMekdZ dh LohÑfr ds fy;s vis{kkÑr ljy LØhfuax izfØ;k viukbZ tkrh gSA
ijarq fcuk vkSipkfjd iathdj.k ds Hkh VªsMekdZ laj{k.k iznku fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd isVsaV laj{k.k ds en~nsu”kj ,slk
ugha gksrk gS] bls vkSipkfjd iathdj.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,d fuf'pr vofèk rd (isVsaV vkosnu
fn;s tkus dh frfFk ls 20 o"kZ rd) isVsaVèkkjd }kjk fn;s x, ykblsal ds fcuk ml vkfo"dkj dk mi;ksx ugha dj ldrk
gSA isVsaVèkkjd dks ;g vfèkdkj gksrk gS fd og vius l`tu dk iw.kZ ;k vkaf'kd Hkkx csp ns vkSj og fdlh O;fDr dks
vius }kjk l`ftr fd;s x, ÑR; dk mi;ksx ,oa nksgu djus ds fy;s ykblsal Hkh ns ldrk gSA fdlh ,d ns'k esa LohÑr
isVsaV dks vU; ns'k esa rc rd ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd fd ml ns'k esa Hkh ml vkfo"dkj dk isVsaV ugha
fd;k x;k gksA
lHkh nokvksa dh ckjdksfMax vfuok;Z (Barcoding is Mandatory for all Medicines)

twu 2019 esa ljdkj us Hkkjr esa udyh nokvksa ds mHkjrs ck”kkj ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy;s LFkkuh; Lrj ij csph
tkus okyh lHkh nokvksa ij ckjdksfMax dks vfuok;Z djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA gkyk¡fd fpfdRlk midj.kksa vkSj nokvksa
ds fu;kZr ds {ks=k esa mudh çkekf.kdrk vkSj ikjnf'kZrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ;g O;oLFkk igys ls gh Hkkjr esa ykxw gSA
vko';drk D;ksa gS\
la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk ds O;kikj çfrfufèk (United States Trade Representative-USTR) ds dk;kZy; }kjk vçSy
esa tkjh ,d okf"kZd fjiksVZ 'Special 301 Report' ftlesa ^ckSf¼d laink laj{k.k* vkSj ^dq[;kr cktkjksa* (Notorious
Markets) dh leh{kk dh xbZ gS ftlesa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS fd Hkkjr esa udyh nokvksa ds c<+rs ck”kkj dh leL;k
vR;ar xaHkhj gSA
USTR dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] Hkkjrh; ck”kkj esa csph tkus okyh lHkh nokb;ksa dh yxHkx 20» nokb;k¡ udyh gSaA
vkS"kèkh;@iQkekZL;qfVdy {ks=k esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr

Hkkjr viuh mPp ?kjsyw ekax vkSj lLrh fofuekZ.k ykxr ds dkj.k de ykxr okyh tsusfjd nokvksa ds mRiknu esa
fo'o ds çeq• mRikndksa esa ls ,d gSA
Hkkjr vkS"kèkh; ck”kkj ds {ks=k esa nqfu;k esa rhljs LFkku ij gS tcfd ewY; fuèkkZj.k ds ekeys esa 13osa LFkku ij gSA
gkyk¡fd udyh nokvksa ls lacafèkr ;g leL;k ,d oSf'od eqn~nk gS] tks vYifodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa (fuEu
,oa eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa) esa vfèkd çpfyr gSA
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj fuEu ,oa eè;e vk; okys ns'kksa esa 10&30» nok,¡ udyh gksrh gSa] tcfd mPp vk; okys
ns'kksa esa egt 1» udyh nokvksa dk ekeyk ik;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr esa udyh nokvksa ds ck”kkj dk dkj.k
fpfdRlk ns•Hkky rd lhfer igq¡p] fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esaA
zzvkiwfrZ Üka`•yk esa ckèkkA
zzmiHkksÙkQkvksa esa tkx:drk dh dehA
zznokvksa ds •qn ls (fcuk MkWDVj dh lykg ds) ysus dk çpfyr rjhdkA
zzvlyh nokvksa dh mPp ykxrA
zzHkz"Vkpkj ekeys esa mfpr dk;Zokgh ugha vFkkZr~ dkuwu dk lgh ls ykxw u fd;k tkukA
zzvkWuykbu iQkeZsflt dk çpyuA
zztkylkth esa vkèkqfud rduhdksa dk mi;ksxA
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HkkSxksfyd ladsrd (Geographical Indicator)
HkkSxksfyd ladsrd (thvkbZ VSx) dqN fof'k"V mRiknksa] tSls& Ñf"k] izkÑfrd mRikn] gLrf'kYi vkSj vkS|ksfxd lkeku
dks fn;k tkrk gS] tks fd fdlh fuf'pr HkkSxksfyd {ks=k esa 10 o"kZ ;k mlls vfèkd le; ls mRiUu ;k fufeZr gksrk jgk
gSA thvkbZ VSx lkewfgd Lrj ij fn;k tkrk gSA ;g VSx izkIr gksus ds ckn mRikn fo'ks"k ds lkFk fdlh fof'k"V LFkku
dk mYys[k vfèkÑr lewg ds }kjk gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA thvkbZ VSx ds dkj.k fdlh fof'k"V mRikn dk egÙo c<+
tkrk gSA bldk eq[; mn~ns'; mRiknksa dks laj{k.k iznku djuk] ?kjsyw ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa esa izhfe;e ewY; fuèkkZj.k dk
vk'oklu nsuk] lkFk&gh&lkFk ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd vfèkÑr mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa] (de&ls&de HkkSxksfyd {ks=k ds
vanj jgus okys) ds :i esa ntZ fd;s x, mRiknksa dk uke vU; fdlh dks mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr u gksA ;g fo'o
O;kikj laxBu (MCY;w-Vh-vks-) }kjk iznku fd;k tkrk gSA
14 mRiknksa dks feyk HkkSxksfyd ladsrd (GI) dk ntkZ

ljdkj us bl lky vc rd 14 mRiknksa dks HkkSxksfyd ladsrd (GI) çnku fd;k gS ftuesa fgekpy dk dkyk thjk]
NÙkhlx<+ dk thjkiQwy vkSj vksfM'kk dh daèkeky gYnh tSls mRikn 'kkfey gSaA
çeq• fcanq
zzm|ksx ,oa vkarfjd O;kikj lao¼Zu foHkkx (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade-DPIIT)
ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] dukZVd dh dqxZ vjsfcdk dkWiQh] dsjy ds ok;ukM dh jkscLVk dkWiQh] vkaèkz çns'k dh vjkdw
oSyh vjsfcdk] dukZVd dh fljlh lqikjh vkSj fgekpy ds pwyh rsy dks Hkh thvkbZ VSx çnku fd;k x;k gSA
zz•kl HkkSxksfyd igpku feyus ls bu mRiknksa ds mRikndksa dks vPNh dher feyrh gS vkSj lkFk gh vU; mRiknd
ml uke dk nq#i;ksx dj vius lkeku dh ekdZsfVax Hkh ugha dj ldrs gSaA
D;k gS thvkbZ VSx\
zzHkkSxksfyd ladsrd (Geographical Indication) dk bLrseky ,sls mRiknksa ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS] ftudk ,d fof'k"V
HkkSxksfyd ewy {ks=k gksrk gSA
zzbu mRiknksa dh fof'k"V fo'ks"krk ,oa çfr"Bk Hkh blh ewy {ks=k ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
zzbl rjg dk lacksèku mRikn dh xq.koÙkk vkSj fof'k"Vrk dk vk'oklu nsrk gSA
zzthvkbZ VSx dks vkS|ksfxd laifÙk ds laj{k.k ds fy;s isfjl dUosa'ku (Paris Convention for the Protection of
Industrial Property) ds rgr ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa (vkbZihvkj) ds ,d ?kVd ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij GI dk fofu;eu fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) ds ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa ds O;kikj lacaèkh
igyqvksa (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights-TRIPS) ij le>kSrs ds rgr fd;k tkrk gSA
zzogha] jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ;g dk;Z ôLrqvksa dk HkkSxksfyd lwpd* (iathdj.k vkSj lja{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1999 (Geographical
Indications of goods 'Registration and Protection' act, 1999) ds rgr fd;k tkrk gS] tks flracj 2003 ls ykxw
gqvkA
zzo"kZ 2004 esa ^nkftZfyax Vh* thvkbZ VSx çkIr djus okyk igyk Hkkjrh; mRikn gSA HkkSxksfyd ladsrd dk iathdj.k
10 o"kZ ds fy;s ekU; gksrk gSA
zzegkcys'oj LVªkWcsjh] t;iqj dh Cyw ikWVjh] cukjlh lkM+h vkSj fr#ifr ds yM~Mw rFkk eè; çns'k ds >kcqvk dk
dM+dukFk eqxkZ lfgr dbZ mRiknksa dks thvkbZ VSx fey pqdk gSA
zzthvkbZ VSx fdlh mRikn dh xq.koÙkk vkSj mldh vyx igpku dk lcwr gSA dkaxM+k dh isafVax] ukxiqj dk larjk vkSj
d'ehj dk i'ehuk Hkh thvkbZ igpku okys mRikn gSaA
zzeqtÝiQjiqj dh 'kkgh yhph] tjnkyw vke] drjuh pkoy vkfn dks Hkh bl lwph esa tksM+k x;k gSA
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vè;k;&12
^fofo/k lelkef;d izkS|ksfxdh; fodkl * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
tSo&çsfjr jkscksfVDl (Bio-inspired Robotics)

gky gh esa ;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ dSfyiQksfuZ;k ykWl ,atsYl&UCLA ds ck;ks bathfu;fjax foHkkx ds foKkfu;ksa us
Ård&vkèkkfjr ,d lkWÝV jkscksV dk fodkl fd;k gS tks fLVaxjs (Stingray) uked leqæh eNyh dh ck;kseSdsfudyh
udy djrk gSA
dSls cuk;k x;k fLVaxjs&çsfjr lkWÝV ck;ksckV
10 feyhehVj yack ;g jkscksV pkj ijrksa ls cuk gS] ftlesa thfor ân; dksf'kdkvksa ls cuk Ård] lajpukRed
<k¡ps dks l¡Hkkyus ds fy;s nks fof'k"V çdkj ds tSo inkFkZ ,oa yphys bysDVªksM dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA tc bysDVªksM
}kjk ân; dksf'kdkvksa dks tSo&inkFkZ dh ijr ij ladqfpr fd;k tkrk gS rks jkscksfVd fLVaxjs çkÑfrd fLVaxjs dh rjg
vius ia[kksa ;k fiQal dks fgykus yxrk gSA fLVaxjs eNyh dh ckgjh 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ljy vkSj yxHkx likV vkdkj dh
gksrh gSA buds flj ls 'kq: gksdj iw¡N ij lekIr gksus okys ik'oZ&ia[k (Side Fins) oSKkfudksa dks ck;ks&bysDVªkseSdsfudy
flLVe dk dk;Z'khy vkSj yphyk uewuk fodflr djus dk IysViQkWeZ çnku djrs gSaA
vuqç;ksx
zzbl rduhd dk fodkl tSo&çsfjr jkscksfVDl (Bio-inspired Robotics)] iqu;kZsth fpfdRlk (Regenerative
Medicine) ,oa fpfdRlk funku esa çxfr ds u, }kj [kksy ldrk gSA
zztSo&çsfjr jpukvksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s çÑfr esa ikbZ tkus okyh voèkkj.kkvksa dks lh[kk tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa okLrfod
nqfu;k esa ykxw djus ds fy;s buesa vko';d vfHk;kaf=kdh dh tkrh gSA
zz,slh tSo&çsfjr ;qfDr;ksa dk fodkl Hkfo"; esa ,slh jkscksfVDl dks laHko cuk ldrk gS] ftlesa tSfod Ård vkSj
bysDVªkWfud flLVe nksuksa 'kkfey gksaA
zzbldk mi;ksx ân;k?kkr dh laHkkouk okys jksfx;ksa ds ân; dh ek¡lisf'k;ksa dks e”kcwr djus ds fy;s ck;ks&bysDVªke
s d
S fs udy
fV';w iSps”k cukus esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzKkrO; gS fd tSo&çsfjr jkscksfVDl rduhd ck;ksfefeØh (Biomimicry) ls vyx gksrh gSA tgk¡ ck;ksfefeØh çÑfr
dh çfrfyfi cukus ij dsafær gS] ogha tSo&çsfjr fM”kkbu çÑfr ls lh[kdj ,slh ;qfDr;ksa ds fodkl ij dsafær
gS]tks çÑfr esa ikbZ tkus okyh ç.kkfy;ksa dh rqyuk esa ljy] ekuoksi;ksxh ,oa vfèkd çHkkoh gksaA
jkscksfVDl ds {ks=k esa uohu izxfr (Recent Advancements in the Field of Robotics)
jkscksfVDl ds {ks=k esa tkjh 'kksèk ,oa fodkl dk;ks± us bl {ks=k esa uohu rduhdh #>kuksa dks tUe fn;k gSA jkscksfVDl
ds {ks=k esa vftZr uohu rduhdh izxfr us bl {ks=k esa dbZ rjg dh ubZ laHkkoukvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA tkiku 2025 rd
lsok {ks=k esa jkscksV ds iw.kZ O;olk;hdj.k ij fopkj dj jgk gSA lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd tkiku esa vfèkdka'k
rduhdh dk;Z rFkk 'kksèk ds fy;s foÙk dk izcaèk fofHkUu lkoZtfud vfHkdj.k] fo'ks"kdj tkiku dk O;kikj ea=kky;
djrk gSA
jkscksfVDl ds {ks=k esa tfVy rFkk vR;kèkqfud rduhdh izxfr ds pyrs jkscksV vc vfèkdkfèkd cqf¼eku gksrs tk jgs
gSa vkSj blds ifj.kkeLo:i jkscksV ds fy;s lefiZr LVSaMMZ daI;wVj vkWijsfVax flLVe ds fodkl dk ekxZ iz'kLr gqvk gSA
orZeku esa bl rjg ds dqN gh jkscksV vkWijsfVax flLVe gSa] ftudk fodkl LVSuiQksMZ fo'ofo|ky; }kjk fd;k x;k gS]
;g ,d vksiu lkslZ lkWÝVos;j gSA blds vfrfjDr blh rjg ds vU; flLVe eslkpqlsV baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ VsDuksykWth rFkk
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teZuh dh VsfDudy ;wfuoflZVh vkWiQ E;wfu[k gSaA bl jkscksV vkWijsfVax flLVe us jkscksV ds fofHkUu vaxksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk
fn'kk Kkr djus ds y{k.k dks fodflr djus ds rduhdh iz;ksx esa liQyrk vftZr dh gSA blus jkscksV esa mPpLrjh;
dk;ks± ds laiknu] tSls& vkÑfr;k¡ igpkuuk (Image Recognition) rFkk njok”kk [kksyus tSlh fo'ks"kKrk gkfly djus esa
Hkh liQyrk vftZr dh gSA
jkscksV ds {ks=k esa ,d vU; miyfCèk ekbØkslkWÝV us ^foaMks”k iQkWj jkscksV* dks fodflr djds izkIr dh gSA bldk
fodkl 2007 ls jkscksfVDl Msoyij LVwfM;ks ds }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
dqN fof'k"V jkscksV (Some Specific Robots)
ekcsy jkscksV (Mabel Robot)% ;g nks iSjksa okyk jkscksV gSA ;g ekuo dh rjg nkSM+ ldrk gS vkSj 6.8 ehy izfr
?kaVs dh xfr ls nkSM+ ldrk gSA bl jkscksV dk fuekZ.k fef'kxu fo'ofo|ky; esa fd;k x;k gSA
ekbVh bZxy (Mighty Eagle)% ;g uklk }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k ,d jkscksfVd izksVksVkbi ySaMj (Robotic Prototype
Lander) gSA blesa rhu ifg;s yxs gksrs gSaA ;g ,d gfjr ;ku gS] D;ksafd blesa b±èku ds :i esa 90» 'kq¼ gkbMªkstu
ijvkWDlkbM dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA blesa yxs daI;wVj ls ;g funsZ'k izkIr djrk gSA bl jkscksV dk mi;ksx xzgh; fiaMksa dh
lrg ij oSKkfud vkSj vuqlaèkku dk;ks± esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
jkscSV (Robat): gky gh esa oSKkfudksa }kjk nkok fd;k x;k gS fd mUgksaus igyk iw.kZ :i ls Lok;Ùk jkscksV fodflr
fd;k gS] ftldk vkdkj pexknM+ dh rjg gS rFkk ;g fdlh ekè;e esa vkxs c<+us ds fy;s èofu dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
izeq[k fcanq
zzbl jkscksV dks b”kjk;y dh rsy voho ;wfuoflZVh (Tel Aviv University) ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k
gSA pw¡fd ;g pexknM+ ds leku gh n`f"Vdks.k dk mi;ksx djrk gS] blfy;s bls jkscSV (Robat) uke fn;k x;k gSA
zz‘PLOS Computational Biology’ esa çdkf'kr vè;;u ds vuqlkj] bl çfØ;k esa vkl&ikl dh oLrqvksa ls fudyus
okyh vkok”kksa dk irk yxkuk rFkk mudk fo'ys"k.k dj tkudkjh gkfly djuk 'kkfey gSA
zzjkscSV esa ,d vYVªklksfud Lihdj LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS tks eq• dh rjg dke djrk gS vkSj vkerkSj ij pexknM+
ds leku vko`fÙk okyh èofu mRiUu djrk gS] lkFk gh blesa nks vYVªklksfud ekbØksiQksu Hkh yxs gSa tks dku dh
rjg dk;Z djrs gSaA
SoFi
zz,evkbZVh ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dh ,d Vhe us ^lksiQh (SoFi)* uked ,d lkWÝV jkscksV eNyh fodflr dh gS tks leqæ
esa okLrfod eNfy;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk Lora=k :i ls rSj ldrh gS vkSj lkxjh; thoksa dh vkcknh dk vè;;u vkSj
fuxjkuh dj ldrh gSA
zzjkscksV eNyh dk fM”kkbu bls jsfM;ks vko`fÙk dh ctk; èofud èofu;ksa ds ekè;e ls lapkj djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
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uklk dk cEcy jkscksV
vesfjdh varfj{k ,tsalh uklk dk cEcy (Bumble) uke dk jkscksV viuh Lo;a dh 'kfDr ls mM+ku Hkjus okyk
igyk ,LVªksch (Astrobee) jkscksV cu x;k gSA
çeq• fcanq
zz,LVªksch ,d Úh&Ýykbax jkscksV flLVe gS] tks 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks 'kwU; xq#Rokd"kZ.k esa ubZ rduhdksa dk ijh{k.k djus
vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; varfj{k LVs'ku (ISS) ij rSukr varfj{k ;kf=k;ksa ds lkFk fu;fer dke djus esa enn djsxkA
zz,LVªksch jkscksV fdlh Hkh fn'kk esa xfr dj ldrk gS vkSj varfj{k esa fdlh Hkh v{k ij ?kwe ldrk gSA
zzKkrO; gS fd 29 tqykbZ] 1958 dks LFkkfir uklk dk eq[;ky; vesfjdk dh jktèkkuh okf'kaxVu DC esa gSA
lc&baLisDVj dsih&cksV (Sub–Inspector KP–BOT)

gky gh esa dsjy iqfyl esa Hkkjr dk igyk jkscksdkWi 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,d ekuo tSlk (Humanoid) jkscksV
gS] ftls lc&baLisDVj dsih&cksV (KP-BOT) uke fn;k x;k gSA
izeq[k fcanq
zzdsjy iqfyl bl jkscksV dk bLrseky iqfyl eq[;ky; esa miyCèk lsokvksa dh tkudkjh nsus ds fy;s djsxhA ;g jkscksdkWi
;gk¡ vkus okys vkxarqdksa dh f'kdk;rksa dk fjdkWMZ j•sxk] ftls dHkh Hkh ns•k tk ldsxkA
zzdsih&cksV dks Hkfo"; esa foLiQksVdksa dh igpku djus esa l{ke jkscksV ds rkSj ij Hkh fodflr djus dh ;kstuk gSA
zzorZeku esa ;g fjlsI'kfuLV ds dke ds vykok vijkèkh dh igpku dj ldrk gS vkSj mls izos'k }kj ij gh jksd
ldrk gSA
zzxkSjryc gS fd nqcbZ iqfyl esa 22 ebZ] 2017 dks nqfu;k ds igys jkscksV iqfyl vfèkdkjh dh fu;qfDr gqbZ Fkh] ftldk
uke jkscksdkWi FkkA
zzdsih&cksV dks nqfu;k dk pkSFkk jkscksV iqfyldehZ crk;k tk jgk gSA
3D fizafVax ds izdkj (Types of 3D Printing)

zzÝ;w”M fMiks”kh'ku ekWMfyax (Fused Deposition Modeling-FDM): blds varxZr inkFkZ dks ckgj fudkyus okyk
midj.k (Material Extrusion Device) mifLFkr gksrk gSA
zzLVhfj;ksfyFkksxzkiQh (Stereolithography-SLA): ;g fo'o dh igyh 3D&fizafVax rduhdh gSA bldh [kkst pd
gy (Chuck Hull) uked O;fDr }kjk o"kZ 1986 esa dh xbZ FkhA
zzfMftVy ykbV izkslsflax (Digital Light Processing-DLP): ;g yxHkx LVhfj;ksfyFkksxzkiQh uked 3D fizafVax ds
leku gh gSA buesa eq[; varj dsoy fMftVy izdk'k izkstsDVj ds Lrj ij gSA
zzlsysfDVo ys”kj flaVsfjax (Selective Laser Sintering-SLS)% blds varxZr ikmMj csM lay;u rduhdh (Powder
Bed Fusion Technology) vkSj cgqyd ikmMj (Polymer Powder) dk bLrseky dj fdlh oLrq dk fuekZ.k fd;k
tkrk gSA
blds vykok 3D fizafVax ds vkSj dbZ vU; izdkj gSa] tSls& eSVsfj;y tsfVax (Material Jetting-MJ), ckbaMj tsfVax
(Binder Jetting-BJ), MªkWi vkWu fMekaM (DOD) ftlds varxZr fizafVax ds fy;s bad tsV~l (Ink Jets) tksM+s (Pair) dk
bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS] Mk;jsDV ,uthZ fMiks”kh'ku (Direct Energy Deposition-DED) rFkk 'khV ySehus'ku (Sheet
Lamination) vkfnA
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mi;ksx (Uses)
zzorZeku esa 3D fizafVax rduhdh dk bLrseky lqj{kk vkSj ,;jksLisl ds {ks=k esa lqj{kk lacaèkh midj.kksa ds fofoèk Hkkxksa
dh ejEer djus vkSj midj.k lacaèkh fofoèk ?kVdksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s fd;k tk jgk gSA mnkgj.kLo:i] ;wds dh
jkW;y ,;jiQkslZ vkSj usoh nksuksa esa lqj{kk midj.kksa ds ikV~lZ dh ejEer ds fy;s 3D fizafVax izksVksVkbfiax dk bLrseky
fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzLokLF; {ks=k esa] 3D fizafVax rduhdh dk bLrseky fg;fjax ,sM~l (Aids) dk fuekZ.k djus rFkk ck;ks fizafVax dh enn
ls 'kjhj ds vaxksa dk fuekZ.k djus esa fd;k tk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s 3D fizafVax ds }kjk VkbVsfu;e isfYod]
IykfLVd VSªfd;y LifyaV (Plastic Tracheal Splint) vkSj VkbVsfu;e ds tcM+s dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k vkSj bldh
enn ls fufeZr fd;s x, midj.kksa dks ekuo 'kjhj esa VªkalIykaV Hkh djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA blds vykok] LokLF;
{ks=k esa bl rduhdh dk bLrseky vU; dbZ dk;ks± ftuesa Ård bathfu;fjax] izksLFksfVd rFkk Ñf=ke vaxksa vkfn {ks=k
esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzfofuekZ.k {ks=k esa 3D fizafVax dk cM+s Lrj ij mi;ksx djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA pkgs cPPkksa ds f[kykSus fuekZ.k
djus gkas vFkok dkj ;k gokbZ tgk”k ds fofHkUu ikV~lZ (Parts) dk fuekZ.k djuk gks] 3D fizafVax dk bLrseky dj
le;] ykxr vkSj nke vkfn dh O;kid Lrj ij cpr dh tk ldrh gSA ?kjsyw dk;ks± dh n`f"V ls mi;ksxh fofoèk
oLrqvksa ds 3D fizafVax }kjk fuekZ.k ls fofuekZ.k esa rhozrk vk,xhA
zzbl rduhdh dk bLrseky okLrqdyk vFkok gkmflax ds {ks=k esa Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA blds bLrseky ls yX”kjh ?kjksa
ds fM”kkbu djus] cM+s Lrj ij fodklkRed dk;ks± esa rFkk ?kjksa dh fM”kkbu rS;kj djus] ;gk¡ rd fd vLFkk;h ?kjksa
ds fuekZ.k vkfn esa lqxerk gksxhA Úk¡l esa bl rduhdh dk bLrseky dj fo'o ds igys 3D fizaVsM ?kj dk fuekZ.k
fd;k x;kA
zzHkkstu rFkk f'k{kk lacaèkh dk;ks± esa bldk bLrseky fofoèk izdkj ds HkksT; inkFkks± dk fuekZ.k djus rFkk dqfdax lacaèkh
fØ;kfofèk dks ljy cukus vkfn esa fd;k tk jgk gSA pksd ,M~t uked daiuh us fo'o ds igys 3D fiazVsM pkWdysV
dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa 3D fizafVax dk mi;ksx fofoèk midj.kksa ds fuekZ.k esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ftl xfr ls 3D fizafVax dh mi;ksfxrk esa fofoèk {ks=kksa rd izlkj gks jgk gS mlls vuqeku yxkuk vklku gks tkrk
gS fd Hkfo"; esa bldk mi;ksx fdrus O;kid Lrj ij fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa f[kykSus fiazfVax ls ysdj Tosyjh] Hkkstu
vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd edku vkSj dkj rd fizaV fd;s tk ldrs gSaA bldk bLrseky dj O;kid Lrj ij fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa
Økafr ykbZ tk ldrh gSA varfj{k {ks=k esa Hkh bldk bLrseky vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ lkfcr gksxkA gky ds dqN fnuksa iwoZ vesfjdh
varfj{k ,tsalh uklk (NASA) us varfj{k esa fuekZ.k ds fy;s fo'o ds igys ”khjks&th&jsMh ('kwU; xq#Ro) 3D fizaVj dks
varfj{k esa ykWUp fd;s tkus ds fy;s rduhdh izn'kZu fd;k gS blds vykok] LokLF; {ks=k esa Hkh 3D fizafVax ds bLrseky
dh fn'kk esa mÙkjksÙkj izxfr gks jgh gSA 3D ck;ksfizafVax dk bLrseky dj Ñf=ke jDrokfgdkvksa rFkk vax Årdksa dk liQy
fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA blds vykok] fLoV~”kjySaM ds oSKkfudksa }kjk ,d lkWÝV flfydu ân; (Soft Silicon Heart) dk
fodkl fd;k x;k tks fd yxHkx ekuo vax ds leku gh dk;Z djrk gSA o"kZ 2015 ds vkl&ikl phu vkSj la;qDr
jkT; vesfjdk ds oSKkfudksa us 3D fizafVax fofèk dk bLrseky dj ,d ,fEcz;ksfud LVse lsy (Embryonic Stem Cell)
dk fodkl fd;k gS tks u dsoy fofoèk izdkj dh ykbykt chekfj;ksa ds bykt dks laHko cuk,xk cfYd ;g ekuo vax
fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa Hkh Økafrdkjh cnyko yk,xkA blds vykok ,d 3D fizaVsM jkscksV lkW (Single Actuator Wave
Like Robot-SAW) dk Hkh fodkl fd;k x;k gSA
3D fizafVax vkSj Hkkjr (3D Printing and India)

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ns'k esa fuos'k ds voljksa dks c<+kus vkSj ns'k dh fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa dks e”kcwrh iznku djus ds
mn~ns'; ls esd bu bafM;k] fMftVy bafM;k rFkk fLdy bafM;k tSlh dbZ igyksa dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA ns'k esa fofuekZ.k
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{kerkvksa dks c<+kus ds mn~ns'; ls ns'k ds izeq[k fofuekZrkvksa us fons'kh rduhdh iQeks± ds lkFk 3D fizafVax ,lsacyh ykbu
vkSj forj.k dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk dh gS tks fd fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh {kerkvksa esa o`f¼ djsxkA gky esa izdkf'kr ihMCY;wlh
(PWC) fjiksVZ ds 'kh"kZd ^n Xykscy baMLVªh 4.0* esa bl ckr dk f”kØ fd;k x;k Fkk fd o"kZ 2016 ds nkSjku ,fMfVo
eSU;qiQSDpfjax (AM) rduhdh esa rdjhcu 27% m|ksxksa us fuos'k fd;k vFkok vxys ik¡p o"kks± esa blesa fuos'k djsaxsA
blls irk pyrk gS fd Hkkjr dk vkS|ksfxd {ks=k 3D fizafVax ds ekeys esa dkiQh tkx:d gS tks Hkkjr esa Hkh 3D fizafVax
ds O;kid iz;ksx dh laHkkouk dks n'kkZrk gSA Hkkjr esa dusfDVfoVh rFkk fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa dks c<+kok nsus ds mn~ns'; ls
ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ fofoèk igyksa esa 3D fizafVax vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ lkfcr gks ldrh gSA bldk mi;ksx NksVs 'kgjksa
esa fofuekZ.k {kerkvksa dks c<+kus vkSj izeq[k 'kgjksa esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks c<+kok nsus dh fn'kk esa egÙoiw.kZ gksxkA Hkkjr
esa ikjaifjd vkSj eè;e m|eksa ds {ks=k esa 3D fizafVax rduhdh dk mi;ksx u dsoy de ykxr vkSj vfèkd dq'ky lkfcr
gksxk cfYd le; dh Hkh cpr djsxkA Hkkjr eas 3D fizafVax izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx foekuu vkSj eksVj okgu tSls {ks=kksa esa
Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS tks ifjogu {ks=k esa Økafr yk ldrk gSA bl rduhdh ds bLrseky ls u dsoy mRiknu {kerk esa
gh o`f¼ gksxh cfYd blls mRikfnr oLrq dh xq.koÙkk vkSj fuekZ.k ds nkSjku i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys cqjs izHkkoksa esa Hkh
deh vk,xhA pw¡fd bl rduhdh ds iz;ksx esa de inkFkZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS ftlls ;g ikjaifjd m|ksxksa esa oLrqvksa
ds cuus ds nkSjku gksus okys iznw"k.k dks de djus vkSj mRikndrk dks c<+kus dh fn'kk esa ldkjkRed lkfcr gksxkA Hkkjr
,d fodkl'khy ns'k gS vkSj orZeku esa Hkkjr lcls rhoz xfr ls fodkl djus okyk ns'k Hkh gS tgk¡ fofuekZ.k dk;ks± esa
vR;ar rhozrk dh vko';drk gSA bl fn'kk esa Hkkjr ds fy;s 3D fizafVax rduhdh ,d izHkkodkjh rduhdh lkfcr gksxhA
orZeku nkSj prqFkZ vkS|ksfxd Økafr dk gS ftlesa rduhdh dh egÙkk gksxhA ,sls esa ;fn Hkkjr vius fofuekZ.k {ks=k ls
lacafèkr fØ;kdykiksa ds fy;s fliQZ mUgha ikjaifjd m|ksxksa ij fuHkZj jg x;k rks ;g Hkkjr dh fodkl dh fn'kk esa ,d
vM+pu dh Hkk¡fr gksxkA
LVsiQkbyksdksDdl dSfifVl cSDVhfj;y LVªsu (Staphylococcus Capitis Bacterial Strain)

Ropk ij ik, tkus okys thok.kqvksa (Bacteria) esa cM+h la[;k esa jksxk.kqjksèkh ,tsaV (antimicrobial agents) ik, tkrs
gSaA fnYyh ds lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- thuksfeDl ,oa ,dhÑr tho foKku laLFkku (CSIR-Institute of Genomics and
Integrative Biology-CSIR-IGIB) ds oSKkfudksa }kjk LVsiQk;yksdksDdl dSfifVl (Staphylococcus Capitis) uked
,d u, cSSDVhfj;y LVªsu (bacterial strain) dh igpku dh xbZ gSA
zzbl cSDVhfj;k esa xzke ikWftfVo cSDVhfj;k (Gram-Positive Bacteria) ds fo#¼ ,d e”kcwr cSDVhfj;kjksèkh xfrfofèk
dh {kerk ikbZ xbZ gSA
zzKkr gks fd xzke ikWftfVo thok.kqvksa esa LVsiQk;yksdksDdl vkWfj;l (Staphylococcus Aureus) Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
zzbl vè;;u dks ^lkbafVfiQd fjiksVZ* (Scientific Reports) uked if=kdk }kjk çdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzbl 'kksèk ds fy;s loZçFke thok.kqvksa dks LoLFk ekuo ds iSj dh Ropk ls i`Fkd~ fd;k x;kA ;s cSDVhfj;k eq[;r%
ekuo dh iSj dh m¡xfy;ksa ds ikl ik, tkrs gSaA
zzRopk ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj ds cSDVhfj;k ik, tkrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy;s& ck¡g dh Ropk ij ik,
tkus okys cSDVhfj;k iSj ij ik, tkus okys cSDVhfj;k ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA
zzbl 'kksèk ds varxZr oSKkfudksa }kjk u, cSDVhfj;k LVªsu (Strain) dh •kst dh xbZ] tks fd ,l- vkWfj;l ls u”knhdh
:i ls lacafèkr gSA ;s Ropk ds mlh Hkkx esa iui ldrs gSa] tgk¡ nks thok.kqvksa ds eè; çfr;ksfxrk dk lapkyu gksrk gSA
zzLVsiQk;yksdksDdh (Staphylococci)] ekuo dh Ropk ds dkWeu dkWyksukbZ”klZ (Common Colonizers) cSDVhfj;k gSa
rFkk ;s ekuoh; Ropk ds ekbØksck;kse (microbiome) esa ik, tkus okys rhljs lcls cM+s oxZ ds cSDVhfj;k gksrs gSaA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lkr u, isIVkbM (Peptides)
zzoSKkfudksa dh ,d Vhe }kjk cSDVhfj;k ds thukse dk vuqØe.k fd;k x;k rFkk mu lHkh laHkkfor isIVkbMksa dh igpku
dh xbZ] ftuesa cSDVhfj;kjksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ (Antibacterial Activity) gksrh gSaA
zzcSDVhfj;k ds u, LVªsu esa ukS jksxk.kqjksèkh isIVkbM ik, x,] ftuesa ls nks isIVkbMksa& ,fiMjfeflu vkSj xSYyhMjehu
(Epidermicin and Gallidermin) dh fo'ks"krk,¡ vU; cSDVhfj;k ds gh leku ikbZ xb±A
zzvU; lkr u, isIVkbMksa esa jksxk.kqjksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ ikbZ xb±A
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk çnÙk tkudkjh ds vuqlkj] thok.kqvksa esa ikbZ xb± jksxk.kqjksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ isIVkbM ds dkj.k gksrh gSa]
u fd fdlh vU; tSoh; inkFkZ] tSls fd lanw"k.k (Contamination) ds ifj.kkeLo:iA
la'ysf"kr isIVkbM (Synthetic Peptides)
zzblds i'pkr~ oSKkfudksa }kjk isIVkbMksa dks thok.kqvksa ls i`Fkd~ dj mUgsa la'ysf"kr fd;k x;kA vuqØe.k ;qDr ;s la'ysf"kr
isIVkbM çkÑfrd isIVkbMksa ds leku gh ik, x,A
zzla'ysf"kr isIVkbMksa esa jksxk.kqjksèkh xfrfofèk;k¡ gksrh gSa] ftlls u, jksxk.kqjksèkh ;kSfxdksa dks fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk blds i'pkr~ isIVkbMksa ds fy;s vfuok;Z U;wure fujksèkkRed lkaæ.k (fdlh jksxk.kqjksèkh
dk U;wure lkaæ.k tks lw{ethoksa ds n`'; fodkl dks jksd nsrk gS) dk vè;;u fd;k tk,xkA
zzrRi'pkr~ bldh xzke ikWftfVo cSDVhfj;k dh vfèkd&ls&vfèkd çtkfr;ksa ,oa nok çfrjksèkd ,l- vkWfj;l ds fo#¼
tk¡p dh tk,xhA
zzjksxk.kqjksèkh xfrfofèk ds fy;s f”kEesnkj isIVkbM dks vyx djus ds vykok 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk vU; dk;ks±] tSls& vklatu
(adhesion)] ,flM ruko lfg".kqrk (Acid Stress Tolerance)] mifuos'khdj.k (Colonisation) vkSj ekuo Ropk dks
thfor j•us ds fy;s f”kEesnkj xq.klw=kksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh irk yxk;k tk,xkA
zzblds vfrfjDr oSKkfudksa }kjk Ropk ls cSDVhfj;k dks vyx djds budh vU; Hkwfedkvksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh vè;;u
fd;k x;kA
zzè;krO; gS fd blls igys Hkh 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa }kjk ekuo Ropk esa jksxk.kqjksèkh xfrfofèk ;qDr vU; thok.kqvksa ds fo"k;
esa irk yxk;k x;k gSA
zzxkSjryc gS fd dqN le; igys ebZ 2017 esa ,d u, xzke ikWftfVo cSDVhfj;k& vkWjhdksDdl bafMdl (Auricoccus
Indicus) dh •kst ds lacaèk esa ,d ys• çdkf'kr fd;k x;k FkkA
^fiisfju* (Piperine)
gky gh esa Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (Indian Institute of Technology-IIT) ds oSKkfudksa us dkyh fepZ (Black
Pepper) esa ik, tkus okys çkÑfrd vYdykWbM ^fiisfju* (Piperine) ij vè;;u fd;kA
zzvè;;u ds vuqlkj] fiisfju dk mi;ksx ÚStkby X- ,lksfl,VsM Vªsej@,VSfDl;k flaMªkse (Fragile X-associated
tremor/ataxia syndrome- FXTAS) ds mipkj ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd ÚStkby X-,lksfl,VsM Vªsej@,VSfDl;k flaMªkse ,d U;wjksMhtsusjsfVo fMlvkWMZj (ekuo efLr"d esa
U;wjkWu dks çHkkfor djus okyh chekfj;k¡) gSA
zzbl fodkj ds dkj.k çksxzsflo lsjscsyj ,VSfDl;k (Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia)] daidih] ik²dlu (Parkinson)
vkSj laKkukRed voufr (Cognitive Decline) gks ldrh gSA
zz;g fodkj ,d thu esa mRifjorZu ds dkj.k gksrk gS] ftls ÚStkby X esaVy jsVkjMs'ku 1 (Fragile X Mental
Retardation 1- FMR1) dgk tkrk gS] tks thu ds ,d fof'k"V {ks=k esa RNA dh vfèkd ekStwnxh ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
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zzFXTAS ls xzflr jksfx;ksa esa RNA ds nksgjko ds dkj.k budh la[;k lkekU;r% 55 dh rqyuk esa 200 rd gks
ldrh gSA RNA ds vfrfjDr nksgjko ds dkj.k gh U;wjksuy dksf'kdkvksa (Neuronal Cells) esa lkbVksVkWfDlflVh
(Cytotoxicity) uked ,d çdkj dh fo"kkDrrk mRiUu gksrh gSA
^fiisfju* (Piperine)
vè;;u ds vuqlkj] fiisfju laxqf.kr RNA ds laidZ esa vkdj U;wjksuy dksf'kdkvksa esa lkbVksVkWfDlflVh ds Lrj dks
de djrk gSA
ikWyh MkbdsVksusekbu ;k IykfLVd Poly Diketoenamine (PDK)

gky gh esa 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ,d u, izdkj dk IykfLVd rS;kj fd;k gS]
ftldk iw.kZ :i ls iqupZØ.k fd;k tk ldsxkA xkSjryc gS fd bls (ikWyh
MkbdsVksusekbu)/(Poly Diketoenamine) ;k PDK uke fn;k x;k gSA
izeq[k fcanq
zzif=kdk ûspj dsfeLVªh* esa izdkf'kr ,d vè;;u ds eqrkfcd] oSKkfudksa
us ,d ,slk IykfLVd cuk;k gS] ftlds ckj&ckj iqupZØ.k ds i'pkr~
Hkh xq.koÙkk esa dksbZ deh ugha vk,xhA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dk ekuuk gS fd ikWyh (MkbdsVksue
s kbu)/(Poly Diketoenamine)
;k PDK IykfLVd dks lkanz vEyh; foy;u esa Mqcksdj mls cqfu;knh
?kVdksa esa iwjh rjg ls rksM+k tk ldrk gSA
zzvEy ,dyd dks ,fMfVOl ls vyx djrk gS tks IykfLVd dks ,d
fof'k"V vkdkj nsrk gSA
,dyd
zz,dyd (eksuksej) ,slk dkcZfud ;kSfxd gksrk gS] tks cgqydhdj.k
(ikWyhejkbts'ku) ds ekè;e ls cgqyd (ikWyhej) curk gSA
zzmnkgj.k& ikbfFkyhu] VsÝykWu] ikyhfoukby DyksjkbMA
oSKkfud }kjk [kksts x, mDr IykfLVd ds ,dydksa dks iqu%
mi;ksx ds fy;s izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k fdlh vU; mRikn
dks cukus gsrq iqupZfØr fd;k tk ldrk gSA oSKkfud dk ekuuk
gS fd ;g IykfLVd orZeku esa mi;ksx esa yk, tk jgs IykfLVd
dk fodYi cu ldrk gSA
ikjaifjd IykfLVd esa vkerkSj ij vifjorZuh; jklk;fud
caèku gksrs gS]a tcfd ikWyh (MkbdsVksues kbu)/(Poly Diketoenamine)
;k PDF esa ,sls ifjorZuh; jklk;fud caèku gksrs gSa] tks IykfLVd
dks vfèkd izHkkoh <ax ls iqupZfØr djus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrs
gSaA
zzikWyh (MkbdsVksusekbu)/(Poly Diketoenamine) ;k PDF IykfLVd iznw"k.k dh leL;k ls tw> jgh nqfu;k ds fy;s
dkiQh ennxkj lkfcr gks ldrk gSA
zzorZeku esa fo'o esa izfro"kZ yxHkx 300 fefy;u Vu IykfLVd dpjk mRiUu gksrk gSA

197
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gkbfczM ,U;wVh ekWMy dh egÙkk ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡
xaxk unh dh liQkbZ gsrq fd;s tk jgs iz;klksa ds rgr gkbfczM ,U;wVh (Hybrid Annuity) vkèkkfjr ih-ih-ih- ekWMy
ds varxZr cqfu;knh lhos”k mipkj lqfoèkkvksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj j[k&j[kko lacaèkh dk;Z dks 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA
izeq[k fcanq
zz,u-,e-lh-th- (National Mission for Clean Ganga- NMCG) }kjk ns'k ds nks izeq[k 'kgjksa& okjk.klh vkSj gfj}kj
esa lhost VªhVesaV IykaV~l (Sewage Treatment Plants-STPs) ds fuekZ.k vkSj j[k&j[kko ds fy;s futh {ks=k dks
dke lkSaik x;k gSA
zz;s ifj;kstuk,¡ ;g lqfuf'pr djasxh fd fdlh Hkh rjg ls xaxk unh esa lhost ds xans ikuh dks u feyk;k tk,A
zzns'k esa igyh ckj lhost izcaèku {ks=k esa gkbfczM ,U;wVh vkèkkfjr ih-ih-ih- ekWMy dks viuk;k x;k gSA
zzbl rjg ds ekWMy dks igys gh jktekxZ {ks=k esa liQyrkiwoZd viuk;k tk pqdk gSA
fo'ks"krk,¡
zzbl ekWMy dh lcls egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ifj;kstuk dh ,U;wVh ,oa lapkyu vkSj j[k&j[kko dh ykxr] nksuksa
dks ,l-Vh-ih- ds izn'kZu ds lkFk lac¼ fd;k x;k gSA
zzLi"V :i ls blls u dsoy csgrj mÙkjnkf;Ro lqfuf'pr gksxk] cfYd ;kstuk ds LokfeRo vkSj vuqdwy izn'kZu ds
dkj.k csgrj ifj.kke Hkh izkIr gksaxsA
ck;ksesfVªd Vksdu flLVe (Biometric Token System)

gky gh esa if'peh vkSj eè; jsyos us ck;ksesfVªd Vksdu flLVe (Biometric Token System-BTS) 'kq: fd;k gS]
tks Vªsu ds vukjf{kr dksp esa cksfMZax dh çfØ;k dks ljy cukrk gSA
ck;ksesfVªd Vksdu flLVe D;k gS\
ck;ksesfVªd Vksdu flLVe (BTS) ,d ,slh ç.kkyh gS] ftlesa lkekU; dksp (vukjf{kr dksp) esa ;k=kk djus okys
;kf=k;ksa dks Vªsu ds çLFkku ls rhu ?kaVs iwoZ ,d Vksdu fn;k tkrk gSA
bldk vkoaVu dSls gksrk gS\
zz;g Vksdu igys vkvks] igys ikvks (First-Come, First-Served Basis) ds vkèkkj ij fn;k tkrk gS vkSj bu ij
,d lhfj;y uacj] vFkkZr~ Øe la[;k vafdr gksrh gSA bl lhfj;y uacj ds Øekuqlkj gh ;k=kh Vªsu esa lokj gksrs gSaA
zzçR;sd ;k=kh ck;ksesfVªd tkudkjh çkIr djus ds ckn gh mls Vksdu tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA
bldk bLrseky dSls gksrk gS\
zzbl ç.kkyh esa oSèk fVdV okyk ;k=kh viuh m¡xfy;ksa dks LdSuj ij j•rk gS vkSj mlds ck;ksesfVªd MkVk ds vuqlkj
lhfj;y uacj ds lkFk ,d Vksdu tkjh gks tkrk gSA
ck;ksesfVªd MkVk (Biometric Data)
zzck;ksesfVªd thfor çkf.k;ksa ds tSfod] 'kkjhfjd o O;kogkfjd fof'k"Vrkvksa dh eki ,oa fo'ys"k.k gSA bu fof'k"Vrkvksa
esa DNA, jDr] fiQaxjfçaV] psgjk] vk¡• dh iqryh] vkok”k] gSaMjkbfVax o gLrk{kj vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
zzck;ksesfVªd dk ç;ksx O;fDr;ksa dh igpku vkSj ml igpku dks çekf.kr djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
zzck;ksesfVªd MkVk dks LFkkuh; çkfèkdj.kksa ds lkFk lk>k djrs gq, ,d o"kZ ds fy;s lqjf{kr j•k tkrk gSA
zzbl ladfyr MkVk dk mi;ksx HkhM+ ds iSVuZ vkSj Vªsu dk mi;ksx djus okys yksxksa dh la[;k dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds
fy;s fd;k tk,xkA blds lkFk gh gknls dh fLFkfr esa jsyos vfèkdkfj;ksa ds ikl ;kf=k;ksa dk C;ksjk Hkh miyCèk gksxkA
zzck;ksesfVªd ds mi;ksx ls vukjf{kr fVdVksa dh dkykck”kkjh ij jksd yxkbZ tk ldsxhA lkFk gh Vksdu ç.kkyh HkhM+
dks çcafèkr djus esa Hkh lgk;d gksxhA
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iQkLVSx (FASTag)
ljdkj us Vksy Iyk”kk ij udnjfgr Hkqxrku dks c<+kok nsus ,oa okguksa ds fcuk #ds Vksy 'kqYd olwy djus ds
fy;s iQkLVSx rduhd dk fodkl fd;k gSA
çeq• fcanq
zziQkLVSx ,d iqu% yksM djus ;ksX; (reloadable) VSx gS] tks Lopkfyr :i ls Vksy 'kqYdksa dks dkV ysrk gS vkSj okguksa
dks fcuk #ds Vksy 'kqYd tek djus dh lqfoèkk çnku djrk gSA ;g blls tqM+s çhisM •krs ds ekè;e ls udn jfgr
Hkqxrku djus ds fy;s jsfM;ks ÚhDosalh igpku (RFID) rduhd dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
zzblds varxZr VSx okgu ds foaMLØhu ij fuèkkZfjr jgrk gS vkSj Vksy xsV dh Nr esa yxk jsfM;ks ÚhDosalh igpku
,aVhuk D;wvkj dksM rFkk VSx igpku la[;k LdSu djrk gS] ftlds ckn okgu dks cwe ckèkk (boom barrier) ikj
djus dh btk”kr nsrk gSA
zzVSx] tks ik¡p lky ds fy;s ekU; gS] lkr vyx&vyx jaxksa esa gksrk gSA ;s gSa & cSaxuh] ukjaxh] ihyk] gjk] xqykch]
uhyk vkSj dkykA çR;sd jax okguksa dh ,d fo'ks"k Js.kh dks lkSaik tkrk gSA
iQkLVSx dks dSls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS\
zz1 fnlacj] 2017 ds ckn csph tkus okyh dkjksa vkSj Vªdksa esa iQkLVSx fiQV fd;k tkuk vfuok;Z gSA
zzHkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktekxZ çkfèkdj.k us iqjkus okguksa ds ekfydksa ds fy;s iQkLVSx •jhnus ds lkFk gh yksxksa dks vius
dkMZ fjpktZ djus dh vuqefr nsus gsrq 20 cSadksa ds lkFk djkj fd;k gSA
zzVSx Vksy Iyk”kk ij LFkkfir fd;ksLd ls Hkh •jhns tk ldrs gSaA fMokbl dh ykxr ,d cSad dh rqyuk esa nwljs esa
fHkUu gksrh gS] ysfdu vkSlru ,d •jhnkj fMokbl ds fy;s&
` 600 dk Hkqxrku djrk gS] ftlesa ls ` 200 dk mi;ksx Vksy cwFk ij ysu&nsu ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gS]
tcfd 'ks"k jkf'k fMokbl vkSj cSad ds 'kqYd ds fy;s gksrh gSA
ljdkjh lw=kksa ds vuqlkj] cSadksa }kjk yxk, x, 'kqYd dks fu;fer vkSj de djus ds fy;s fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k
tk jgk gSA
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktekxZ çkfèkdj.k ds ikl iQkLVSx ds fy;s ,d eksckby ,Iyhds'ku Hkh gS] tks mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa
dks VSx •jhnus vkSj fjpktZ djus ds lkFk gh fofHkUu ekxks± ij Vksy njksa dh tkudkjh çkIr djus dh vuqefr
nsrk gSA ;g mUgsa iQhMcSd nsus dh Hkh vuqefr nsrk gSA
mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa ds fy;s D;k gSa iQk;ns\
zzmi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks fdlh fn;s x, eghus esa muds }kjk Hkqxrku fd;s x, dqy Vksy dk 5% okil fd;k tkrk gSA
udnjfgr ysu&nsu ds vykok mi;ksxdÙkkZ Hkqxrku djus ds fy;s fcuk vius okgu dks jksds Hkh Iyk”kk ls xq”kj ldrs gSaA
zzgkyk¡fd rSukr RFID ,aVhuk dh jsat N% ehVj gksrh gS] ftldk rkRi;Z gS fd VSx dks LdSu djus ds fy;s okgu dks
èkhek djus dh vko';drk gSA
zzçkS|ksfxdh dh çxfr ds lkFk okgu fons'kksa dh rjg Vksy cwFk ij mPp xfr ls xq”kjus esa l{ke gksaxsA
zzVSDlh vkSj Vªd tSls okf.kfT;d okgu] çkS|ksfxdh ds lcls cM+s ykHkkFkhZ gSa] tcfd futh okgu ekfyd ftudh
vfèkdka'k xfrfofèk;k¡ 'kgjksa rd gh lhfer gksrh gaS] dsoy ykWUx Mªkbo ds nkSjku gh bldk ykHk mBk ik,axsA
zz;g rduhd dSc vkWijsVj vkSj VªkaliksVZj dks çkIr gksus okys ,l,e,l ls izkIr vyVZ ds ekè;e ls mUgsa vius okguksa
dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks VªSd djus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
okguksa esa gksxk ekbØksMkWV~l dk vfuok;Z mi;ksx (Mandatory use of microdots in vehicles)
gky gh esa lM+d ifjogu ea=kky; us vius elkSnk fu;eksa ds rgr okgu fuekZrkvksa dks ekbØksMkWV~l rduhd viukus
ds fy;s dgk gSA vesfjdk vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk tSls ns'kksa esa bl rduhdh dk cM+s iSekus ij ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
çeq• fcanq
zz;g elkSnk fu;e] dsaæh; eksVj okgu fu;e] 1989 (Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989) esa la'kksèku djrk gS
vkSj ekbØksMkWV~l rduhd ds ç;ksx dh ckr djrk gSA
zzekbØksMkWV~l rduhd esa eksVj okguksa vkSj mlds fofHkUu iqtks± ij LFkk;h ,oa yxHkx vn`'; MkWV~l dks fpidk fn;k
tkrk gSA
zzbu ekbØksMkWV~l dks lw{en'khZ ds ekè;e ls gh i<+k tk ldrk gS vkSj ijkcSaxuh çdk'k esa gh igpkuk tk ldrk gSA
zzekbØksMkWV~l] eksVjokgu m|ksx ekud&155 (Automotive Industry Standard-155) dh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i gaSA
zz;s ekud vkWVkseksfVo m|ksx ekud lfefr ds }kjk cuk, tkrs gSaA bl lfefr dh LFkkiuk lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ
ea=kky; }kjk dsaæh; eksVj okgu fu;e&rduhdh LFkk;h lfefr (Central Motor Vehicles Rules-Technical Standing
Committee: CMVR-TSC) ds rgr dh xbZ gSA
ekbØksMkWV~l (Microdots) D;k gksrs gSa\
zzekbØksMkWV rduhd esa okguksa esa ,d fof'k"V igpku cukus ds fy;s mu ij g”kkjksa lw{e MkWV~l dk fNM+dko dj
fn;k tkrk gSA
zzekbØksMkWV okgu ds iathÑr ekfyd dh igpku dks fuèkkZfjr djrk gS] ysfdu bUgsa uaxh vk¡•ksa ls ugha ns•k tk ldrkA
zzvkWVkseksckby {ks=k esa cuus okyh e'khuksa vkSj dyiqtks± esa ekSfydrk (Originality) lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ekbØksMkWV~l
,d yksdfç; rduhd gSA
zznf{k.k vÚhdk us flracj 2012 ls gh csps tkus okys lHkh u, okguksa esa bl rduhd ds ç;ksx dks vfuok;Z dj
fn;k gSA
ekbØksMkWV~l (Microdots) dh vko';drk D;ksa\
zzbldk mís'; Hkkjr esa okgu pksjh vkSj dy&iqtks± dh pksjh dks jksduk gSA
zzo"kZ 2016 esa ns'k Hkj esa yxHkx 2-14 yk• okgu pksjh dh fjiksVZ ntZ djkbZ xbZ FkhaA fnYyh] mÙkj çns'k vkSj
egkjk"Vª okgu pksjh ds ekeyksa esa 'kh"kZ rhu jkT; gSa] tgk¡ Øe'k% 38]644] 34]480 rFkk 22]435 okgu pksjh ds
ekeys ntZ fd;s x,A
zzekbØksMkWV~l ds ekè;e ls pksjh fd;s x, okgu dh igpku dj ikuk vklku gksxk] D;ksafd bUgsa fcuk rksM+&iQksM+ fd;s
feVk ikuk yxHkx vlaHko gSA
nqfu;k dk lcls gYdk lSVsykbV% dykelSV

Hkkjr ds 18 o"khZ; ;qod fjiQFk 'kk:d us ,d lSVsykbV cuk;k gS] ftls nqfu;k dk lcls gYdk lSVsykbV crk;k
tk jgk gSA
blls lacafèkr izeq[k rF; fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzmYys[kuh; gS fd 21 twu] 2017 dks uklk ds okyksIl varfj{k dsanz (Wallops Space Centre) ls ,lvkj&4 jkWdsV
ds ekè;e ls ^dykelSV* mixzg dk iz{ksi.k fd;k x;kA
zzbl mixzg dk ukedj.k fo'o izfl¼ oSKkfud ,oa iwoZ jk"Vªifr MkW- ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke ds uke ij fd;k x;k gSA
zzpkj lsaVhehVj D;wc lSVsykbV ^dykelSV* dk o”ku 64 xzke gS] tks fo'o dk lcls gYdk ,oa lcls NksVk mixzg gSA

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzKkRkO; gS fd vesfjdh varfj{k laLFkku ûklk* (NASA) vkSj ^vkbZ MwMy yfu±x* (I Doddle Learning) laxBu }kjk
^D;wCl bu Lisl* (Cubes in Space) izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl izfr;ksfxrk esa 57 ns'kksa dh Vheksa }kjk
mixzgksa dh 86 g”kkj fM”kkbusa izLrqr dh xb±] ftuesa ls Hkkjrh; Nk=k fjiQFk 'kk:d }kjk fufeZr mixzg ^dykelSV*
dk p;u fd;k x;kA
zzdykelSV dk iz{ksi.k ,d mi&d{kh; (Sub orbital) mM+ku gSA iz{ksi.k ds i'pkr~ bldh fe'ku vofèk 240 feuV gSA
zzbl mixzg dk lapkyu varfj{k ds lw{e xq#Rokd"kZ.k okrkoj.k (Micro–Gravity Environment of Space) esa fd;k
tk,xkA
zzmixzg dh eq[; Hkwfedk 3Mh fizaVsM dkcZu iQkbcj ds dk;Z dk izn'kZu djuk gSA
zz;g mixzg izcfyr (Reinforced) dkcZu iQkbcj dk mi;ksx dj cuk;k x;k gSA
zzdykelSV mixzg esa rkieku vkSj jsfM,'ku Lrj ds ekiu ds fy;s lsalj yxs gSaA
rkikarj ls fo|qr ÅtkZ dh mRifÙk (Generation of electric energy)

gky gh esa twy (Joule) if=kdk esa rkikarj ls fo|qr ÅtkZ dks mRiUu djus lacaèkh ,d 'kksèk çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
çeq• fcanq%
zzbl çksVksVkbi fMokbl (Prototype Device) esa fofdj.k 'khryu (Radiative Cooling) dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
bl 'kksèk esa vklikl dh bekjrksa] ikdks± vkSj lw;kZLr ds ckn dh ok;q ds chp fo|eku rkikarj dk ç;ksx djrs gq,
fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiUu dh xbZA
zzÅ"ekxfrdh ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj] çR;sd oLrq esa Å"ek fufgr gSA u, 'kksèk esa fofHkUu oLrqvksa ds chp ds rkikarj
dk ç;ksx djrs gq, fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiUu dh xbZA
zzo"kZ 2014 esa] dqN 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us x.kuk djds crk;k Fkk fd ,d oxZ ehVj BaMs LFkku ls 4 okV ÅtkZ mRiUu dh
tk ldrh gSA ;g rduhd lkSj ÅtkZ dh rqyuk esa de n{k gS] ysfdu jkf=k ds le; rkikarj ds ç;ksx ls ÅtkZ
mRiknu djuk cgqr gh ykHknk;d gksxkA
zzrkikarj ls ÅtkZ mRiUu djus okyk midj.k çksVksVkbi ,d pfiQax fM'k (Chafing Dish) ds vanj gkWdh id (Hockey
Puck) lsV tSlk gSA
zzid (Puck) dkys jax ls ysfir ikWyhLVhfju fMLd (Polystyrene disk) gS vkSj bls gok dh <ky dh rjiQ yxk;k
tkrk gSA
zzbl midj.k esa FkekZsbysfDVªd tsujsVj (Thermoelectric Generator) gksrk gS] tks rkikarj ls fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiUu djrk
gSA blh çdkj dh ,d fMokbl dk ç;ksx eaxy ij uklk ds D;wfj;ksflVh jksoj (Curiosity rover) esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
zz6000 o"kZ igys bZjku vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa yksx ;k•py (Yakhchal) uked fo'kky eèkqeD•h ds vkdkj ds <k¡ps
dk fuekZ.k djrs FksA bl çdkj ds <k¡ps esa fuf"Ø; 'khryu çHkko dk mi;ksx djrs gq, jsfxLrku esa ciQZ dks lax`ghr
fd;k tkrk FkkA
lksyj lsy cukus esa tkequ dk bLrseky

zzvkbZvkbZVh #M+dh ds oSKkfudksa us tkequ dk bLrseky dj lLrs lkSj lsy cukus dk rjhdk <wa< fudkyk gSA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us tkequ esa ik, tkus okys izkÑfrd o.kZd (Pigment) dk bLrseky LkLrs izdk'k laosnh ds rkSj ij fd;k]
ftudk bLrseky jatd (Dye) laosnh lkSj lsy ;k xzs”ksy lsyksa (Gratzel Cells) esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zzxzs”ksy lsy njvly igyh fiQYe okys lksyj lsy gksrs gaS] tks VkbVsfu;e MkbZvkWDlkbM dh ijr p<+s iQksVks,uksM] lw;Z
dk izdk'k vo'kksf"kr djus okys MkbZ ds v.kqvksa dh ijr ls] MkB ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy;s ,d fo|qr vi?kV~; vkSj
,d dSFkksM ls cus gksrs gSaA
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zzMkb ds v.kqvksa ;k izdk'k laosnh ds lkFk feydj ;s ?kVd ,d lSaMfop tSlh lajpuk cukrs gSaA n`'; izdk'k vo'kksf"kr
djus dh viuh {kerk ds ”kfj;s ;s v.kq vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ,FksukWy dk bLrseky djds tkequ ls MkbZ fudkyhA mUgksaus rk”ks vkyw cq[kkjk vkSj dkys vaxwjksa ds fefJr
cSjh twl dk Hkh bLrseky fd;kA buesa o.kZd gksrs gSa] tks tkequ dks ,d fo'ks"k jax nsrs gSaA
zzfeJ.k dks rc vidsafnzr fd;k x;k vkSj mlds ckn fuFkkj (Decanted) fy;k x;kA vyx fd;s x, o.kZd dk
bLrseky laosnh ds :i esa fd;k x;kA
^lsysczsfVax ;ksxk* eksckby ,i (‘Celebrating Yoga’ Mobile App)

dsanz ljdkj ds }kjk varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol ls iwoZ ^lsysczsfVax ;ksxk* (Celebrating Yoga) uke ls eksckby ,i ykWUp
fd;k x;k gSA bl ,i dks foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; ds foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx dh vksj ls fodflr fd;k
x;k gSA bl ,i dk mn~ns'; LoLFk thou ds fy;s yksxksa ds eè; ;ksx dks yksdfiz; cukuk rFkk ;ksx eas mudh Hkkxhnkjh
c<+kus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djuk gSA
thou dh xq.koÙkk ds bl iz;kl dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; fe'ku ^LoLFk Hkkjr* ls tksM+k x;k gSA foKku ,oa
izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us ^;ksx vkSj è;ku dk foKku o izkS|ksfxdh*& lR;e ij vkèkkfjr ,d vuqlaèkku dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHk
fd;k gSA ;ksx vkSj è;ku ,d&nwljs ls lacafèkr gSa tks raf=kdk foKku] fpfdRlk] euksfoKku] bathfu;fjax] n'kZu vkfn esa
,dhÑr ykHk izkIr djus ds fy;s ;ksxnku dj ldrs gSaA
bl ,i dks xwxy eSi ls tksM+k tk,xk] tgk¡ mi;ksxdÙkkZ lk>k tkudkfj;ksa dks ns[k ldrk gSA blds ckn bu tkudkfj;ksa
dks foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx dh osclkbV ij Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
zz^lsysczsfVax ;ksxk* Mh,lVh dks xwxy IysLVksj ls MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzbl ,i ds }kjk laxzg dh xbZ tkudkfj;ksa dks ckn esa vk;q"k ea=kky; ds lkFk lk>k fd;k tk,xkA vk;q"k ea=kky; dks
vius iz;klksa esa liQyrk feysxhA
lksge % uotkr cPpksa ds fy;s ,d vfHkuo Jo.k LØhfuax midj.k

(Sohum : A Innovative Hearing Screening Instrument for Newly Born Babies)
ns'k esa fodflr uotkr Jo.k LØhfuax midj.kµlksge (Sohum) dk 1 tqykbZ] 2017 dks ubZ fnYyh esa foKku
vkSj izkS|ksfxdh rFkk i`Foh foKku jkT; ea=kh us vkSipkfjd :i ls 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA uotkr Jo.k LØhfuax midj.k dks
Ldwy vkWiQ baVjus'kuy ck;ks fM”kkbu (,lvkbZch) ds LVkVZ&vi eSllZ lksge buksos'ku ySCl bafM;k izkbosV fyfeVsM us
fodflr fd;k gSA
lksge ,d de ykxr okyk fo'ks"k midj.k gSA ;g efLr"d Jo.k dh vkok”k dk mi;ksx djrs gq, uotkr f'k'kq
esa lquus dh izfØ;k dh tk¡p djus ds fy;s Jo.k ijh{k.k esa ekud fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA njvly] Jo.k LØhfuax cPpksa
ds flj ij yxk, x, rhu bysDVªksM ds ekè;e ls Jo.k efLr"d dh rjax ekirk gSA mÙksftr gksus ij ;s bysDVªksM cPpksa
dh Jo.k iz.kkyh }kjk mRiUu fo|qr izfrfØ;kvksa dk irk yxkrs gSaA vxj dksbZ izfrfØ;k ugha gksrh gS rks cPpk lquus esa
vleFkZ jgrk gSA ;g rduhd csgn eg¡xh gS] ftlds dkj.k uotkrksa dh Jo.k 'kfDr Bhd gS ;k ugha] ;g irk djuk
vke yksxksa ds fy;s laHko ugha gks ikrkA mYys[kuh; gS fd êSllZ lksge buksos'ku ySCl bafM;k izkbosV fyfeVsM* uked
,d LVkVZ&vi us cgqr gh de lalkèkuksa dk mi;ksx dj bl rduhd dks cuk;k gS] tks fd lLrh gSA bldk mn~ns';
ns'k esa izfro"kZ iSnk gksus okys yxHkx 26 fefy;u cPpksa dh ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djuk gSA
xksew=k ds ykHkksa dh oSKkfud iqf"V djsxk ljdkjh iSuy

(Government Panel for the Ratification of the Benefits of Goumutra)
xk; ls gksus okys ykHk ij vuqlaèkku ds fy;s ljdkj us ,d 19 lnL;h; iSuy dk xBu fd;k gSA ;g iSuy bl
ij eqgj yxk,xk fd xksew=k vkSj mlds ykHkksa lfgr xk; ds vU; ykHkksa ds ckjs esa tks ekU;rk,¡ gSa] os oSKkfud :i ls
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lR; gSaA xkSjryc gS fd lfefr ,sls izkstsDV pqusxh tks iks"k.k] LokLF; vkSj Ñf"k tSls fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa iapxO;] ;kuh xk;
dk xkscj] ew=k] nwèk] ngh vkSj ?kh ds ykHk oSKkfud :i ls LFkkfir djus esa enn djasA
eq[; fcanq
zzizkstsDV dk uke ljdkj us Lo:i (SVAROP) Scientific Validation And Research on Panchgavya j[kk gSA
zz^jk"Vªh; lapkyu lfefr* uke ds bl iSuy esa foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh] tSo&izkS|ksfxdh] uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; mQtkZ
ea=kky; foHkkx ds lfpoksa ds lkFk Hkkjrh; rduhdh laLFkku] fnYyh ds oSKkfud 'kkfey gSaA
zzblds lkFk gh bl iSuy esa foKku Hkkjrh vkSj ^xks foKku vuqlaèkku dsanz* ds rhu lnL; Hkh gSaA
zzcrk nsa fd foKku Hkkjrh vkSj xks foKku vuqlaèkku dsanz Øe'k% jk"Vªh; Lo;alsod la?k ,oa fo'o fganw ifj"kn ls tqM+s
laxBu gSaA
zztkudkjksa ds vuqlkj lh,lvkbZvkj ds iwoZ funs'kd vkbZ-,- ek'ksydj Hkh bl iSuy ds lnL; gSaA mUgsa gYnh vkSj
cklerh pkoy ij vesfjdh isVsaV ds f[kykiQ l'kDr vfHk;ku pykus ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gSA
zzbl cgqvuq'kklukRed dk;ZØe esa vU; lacafèkr ea=kky;ksa] ljdkjh foHkkxksa] 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa] vuqlaèkku iz;ksx'kkykvksa]
LoSfPNd laxBuksa vkSj vU; yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh 'kkfey gSA
vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl djus rFkk ;gk¡ rd fd ”kehuh Lrj ij Lons'kh xk;ksa dh fof'k"Vrk ds oSKkfud lR;kiu
lfgr ik¡p fo"k;xr {ks=kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr cuk jgk gS viuk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lqij daI;wVj

(India is Building It’s Most Powerful Super Computer)
bl lky ds var rd Hkkjr dk u;k lqij daI;wVj cudj rS;kj gks tkus dh mEEkhn gSA ,d ckj cudj rS;kj gksus
ds ckn bl daI;wVj dh {kerk 10 isVkÝykWi gksxhA ljy Hkk"kk esa dgk tk, rks bl {kerk ds lkFk ;g lqij daI;wVj
nqfu;k ds lcls rs”k ySiVkWi ls djhc 10 yk[k xquk rs”kh ls x.kuk dj ik,xkA ekuk tk jgk gS fd bls nqfu;k ds 10
lcls rs”k lqij daI;wVlZ esa txg fey ldrh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd ljdkj bl lqij daI;wVlZ ds fodkl ij djhc 400
djksM+ #i, [kpZ dj jgh gSA
vHkh fodflr fd;s tk jgs bl lqij daI;wVlZ dh ns[k&js[k iq.ks fLFkr Hkkjrh; m".kdfVcaèkh; ekSle laLFkku vkSj
uks,Mk fLFkr us'kuy lsaVj iQkWj ehfM;e jsat osnj iQkWjdkfLVax ds rÙokoèkku esa dh tk jgh gSA
bafM;k iksLV dk bZ&dkWelZ iksVZy

gky gh esa lapkj ea=kky; us Mkd foHkkx dk bZ&dkWelZ iksVZy ykWUp fd;k gSA
zzHkkjr esa bZ&dkWelZ osclkbVksa dh c<+rh yksdfç;rk ds en~nsu”kj bafM;k iksLV us Hkh viuk bZ&dkWelZ iksVZy ykWUp dj
fn;k gSA
zz;g iksVZy xzkeh.k dkjhxjksa@Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa@efgyk m|fe;ksa@jkT; vkSj dsaæh; ih,l;w@Lok;Ùk fudk;ksa vkfn dks iwjs
Hkkjr esa viuk mRikn cspus gsrq bZ&ekdZsV LFkku çnku djsxkA
zzNksVs vkSj LFkkuh; foØsrk] tks bZ&dkWelZ ds {ks=k esa ihNs NwV x, gSa] vc Mkd foHkkx ds fo'kky usVodZ dk ykHk
mBkdj viuh igq¡p vkSj •qnjk fcØh dks vfèkdre djus esa l{ke gksaxsA
zz•jhnkj mDr iksVZy ij foØsrkvksa }kjk çnf'kZr mRiknksa rd igq¡p ldrs gSa vkSj fMftVy Hkqxrku djds vkWuykbu
vkWMZj ns ldrs gSaA •jhns x, mRiknksa dks LihM iksLV ds ekè;e ls Hkst fn;k tk,xkA
zzykWUp fd;s x, bl iksVZy esa yksx csgn lLrs nkeksa ij dbZ lkjs mRikn •jhn ldsaxsA bafM;k iksLV ds bl bZ&dkWelZ
iksVZy ls ves”ku vkSj fÝyidkVZ tSlh daifu;ksa dks dM+h VDdj feyus dh laHkkouk gSA
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zzbafM;k iksLV }kjk ykWUp fd;s x, bl iksVZy dh •kfl;r ;g gS fd ;gk¡ ls •jhns x, mRiknksa dks ns'k ds gj dksus
esa fMyhoj fd;k tk,xkA •jhns x, mRiknksa dh fMyhojh Mkfd;s }kjk dh tk,xhA
zzè;krO; gS fd ns'k ds gj NksVs xk¡o&nsgkr esa Mkd?kj gSa] bUgha Mkd?kjksa ds ”kfj;s mRiknksa dh fMyhojh laHko gks ik,xhA
vk;ju vk;u cSVjh (Iron ion battery)

Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] eækl ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us igyh ckj ,uksM ds :i esa gYds LVhy dk ç;ksx djds
fjpktZscy vk;ju vk;u cSVjh dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzoSf'od Lrj ij bysfDVªd okguksa dh c<+rh ekax dks ns•rs gq, lLrh cSVjh fodflr djus ij è;ku dsafær fd;k
tk jgk gSA
zzHkkjr vkSj fo'o esa yhfFk;e HkaMkj dh deh ds dkj.k vU; lkefxz;ksa ds ç;ksx dk ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gS tks
yhfFk;e dh rjg dk;Z dj ldsA
zztgk¡ yhfFk;e vk;u cSVjh esa yhfFk;e vk;u vkos'k okgd gksrs gSa] ogha vk;ju vk;u cSVjh esa ykSg vk;u (Ferrous
Ion- Fe2+) vkos'k okgd dk dk;Z djrs gSaA
zzvk;ju vk;u cSVjh dk lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ÅtkZ ?kuRo 350 okWV ?kaVs@fdyksxzke jgk] ogha yhfFk;e vk;u cSVjh
dk ÅtkZ ?kuRo 220 okWV ?kaVs@fdyksxzke gksrk gSA
zzvk;ju èkkrq esa yhfFk;e tSls HkkSfrd&jklk;fud xq.k gksrs gS] lkFk gh vk;ju vk;u dh jsMkWDl {kerk yhfFk;e vk;u
ls vfèkd gksrh gS vkSj vk;ju vk;u dh f=kT;k yhfFk;e vk;u ds yxHkx leku gksrh gSA yksgs ds bu nks vuqdwy
xq.kksa ds ekè;e ls fjpktZscy cSVjh cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
zzjsMkWDl {kerk fdlh jlk;u dh bysDVªkWuksa dh idM+us ;k NksM+us dh {kerk gS] bls oksYV ;k fefyoksYV~l esa ekik tkrk gSA
zz'kq¼ yksgs esa ,uksM gsrq ykSg vk;uksa dk fu"dklu vklku ugh gS] blfy;s blds fy;s LVhy esa ekStwn dkcZu dh de
ek=kk dk ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzvk;ju esa vfèkd fLFkjrk ds xq.k ds dkj.k pkft±x çfØ;k ds nkSjku 'kkWVZ&lfdZV dh cgqr de laHkkouk gksrh gSA
zzvk;ju vk;u cSVjh esa ijrksa ds chp cM+s varj ds lkFk gh Lrfjr lajpuk ds dkj.k oSusfM;e isaVkWDlkbM (Vanadium
Pentoxide) dk ç;ksx dSFkksM ds :i esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzoSusfM;e isaVksDlkbM esa Lrfjr lajpuk ds dkj.k vk;ju vk;u vklkuh ls vanj tkrs gSa vkSj dSFkksM ds lkFk var%fØ;k
dj ikrs gSaA
zzbZFkj vkèkkfjr bysDVªksykbV dk ç;ksx fd;k tk,xk] ftlesa fo?kfVr vk;ju isjksDyksjsV 'kkfey gksaxsA vk;ju isjksDyksjsV]
,uksM vkSj dSFkksM ds chp vk;u ekè;e dk dk;Z djsxkA
vk;ju vk;u cSVjh dh ÅtkZ laxzg.k {kerk vfèkd gS] ysfdu ;g ykxr çHkkoh gSA vk;ju vk;u cSVjh ds çn'kZu
dks vkSj csgrj djus ij è;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA pw¡fd] bysDVªksykbV dks cnyk ugha tk ldrk gS] blfy;s 'kksèkdÙkkZ dSFkksM
gsrq vyx&vyx lkexzh dh •kst dj jgs gSaA
fljsfed fiQYVj (Ceramic filters) vkSj f>Yyh

gky gh esa oSKkfud vkSj vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku ifj"kn&mÙkj iwoZ foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku (Council of Scientific
& Industrial Research-North East Institute of Science and Technology-CSIR-NEIST)] tksjgkV ds oSKkfudksa us
feêðh] èkwy (Stone Dust) vkSj pk;iÙkh (vif'k"V) ds feJ.k ls ,d fljsfed f>Yyh fodflr dh gS] tks diM+k m|ksx
esa j¡xkbZ ds mijkar fudyus okys vif'k"V jaxhu ty ls jaxksa dks gVk ldrh gSA
204
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çeq• fcanq
zz;g vè;;u cqysfVu vkWiQ eSVsfj;y lkbal (Bulletin of Material Science) esa çdkf'kr gqvkA
zzfljsfed fiQYVj (Ceramic filters) vkSj f>Yyh dk mi;ksx dbZ {ks=kksa esa fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& •k| vkSj is;] nok
o jlk;u] vif'k"V iqupZØ.k m|ksx vkfnA
zzlsjsfed f>fYy;k¡ lrr~ liQkbZ] dBksj vkWijsfVax okrkoj.k (Hard Operating Environments) vkSj vif'k"V ds fujarj
çokg okyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lqpk# :i ls dk;Z djrh gaSA
zzmUgsa iqupZfØr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS ,oa tyh; vkSj xSj&tyh;] nksuksa çdkj ds foy;uksa ds i`FkDdj.k esa budk
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zz;s fiQYVj isVªksdsfedy lacaèkh çfØ;kvksa (Petrochemical Processing) esa fo'ks"k :i ls ç;qDr gksrs gSa] tgk¡ dkcZfud
f>Yyh dk mi;ksx djuk laHko ugha gSA
zzoSKkfudksa }kjk fodflr bl ubZ f>Yyh esa mPp rki vkSj jklk;fud çHkkoksa dks >syus dh {kerk gSA ;g f>Yyh eq[;
:i ls ikuh esa ?kqys nks jaxksa& feFkkbyhu Cyw (Methylene Blue) vkSj dkaxks jsM (Congo Red) dks vyx djus esa
l{ke gSA blesa feFkkbyhu Cyw ,d fo"kSyk MkbZ@jatd gS] tcfd dkaxks jsM ,d dSaljdkjd inkFkZ gSA
zzbLrseky dh tk pqdh f>Yyh dks mPp rki ij 30 feuV rd xeZ djds iqu% mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA bl
ifjfLFkfr esa bldh n{krk FkksM+h&lh de gks tkrh gSA
zzbl f>Yyh dk vkèkkj cukus esa vle ds xksyk?kkV f”kys ds <sfd;ky {ks=k dh feV~Vh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS
(ikjaifjd :i ls bl feV~Vh dk mi;ksx xzkeh.k dqEgkjksa }kjk xUus ls fufeZr xqM+ ds HkaMkj.k gsrq ?kM+s cukus esa fd;k
tkrk gS)] tks bldks lquE;rk (Plasticity) çnku djrh gSA èkwy (Stone Dust) dks lqn`<+hdj.k lkexzh ds :i esa rFkk
vif'k"V pk;iÙkh dk ç;ksx lajaèkzrk çnku djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA
zzoSKkfudksa dk mn~ns'; ykxr de djus ds fy;s vkl&ikl iQSys vif'k"V inkFkks± dk mi;ksx dj mudk ;FkklaHko
b"Vre ç;ksx lqfuf'pr djuk FkkA
j{kk {ks=k ds 'kfDr lao¼Zu esa dkjxj jgsxh ^vkfVZyjh xu*

MhvkjMhvks vkSj futh {ks=k ds lg;ksx ls cuh ,d Lons'kh ^vkfVZyjh xu* (rksi ds leku ,d canwd) us 48 fdeh
dh nwjh ij fLFkr y{; dks Hksndj ,d u;k fo'o fjdkWMZ dk;e fd;k gSA fofnr gks fd bl ^vkfVZyjh xu* dk uke
^,MokaLM VkWoM vkfVZyjh xu flLVe* (Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System-ATAGS) gSA
,Vh,th,l ls lacafèkr egÙoiw.kZ rF;
zzlsuk ds rksi•kus ds vkèkqfudhdj.k dk;ZØe ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa MhvkjMhvks }kjk 155 ,e,e vkSj 52 dSfycj
dh ^vkfVZyjh xu* dks fe'ku eksM esa fodflr fd;k x;k gSA
zzbldk fodkl ijLij lg;ksx vkèkkfjr ,d ekWMy ds ekè;e ls fd;k tk jgk gSA xkSjryc gS fd ^fiukdk cgq&cSjy
jkWdsV ykWUpj ç.kkyh* ds fy;s Hkh ;gh flLVe viuk;k x;k gSA
zzbls MhvkjMhvks }kjk fM”kkbu fd;k x;k gS] tcfd futh {ks=k ls ^dY;k.kh xzqi*] ^VkVk ikWoj LVªsVsftd bathfu;fjax
fMoh”ku* vkSj êfgaæk fMiQsal usoy flLVe* us blesa Hkkxhnkjh dh gSA
zzbl ^vkfVZyjh xu* esa mUur lapkj ç.kkyh] Lopkfyr dekaM vkSj fu;a=k.k ç.kkyh lfgr dbZ egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj Lons'kh fuekZ.k esa lgk;d

zzorZeku le; esa Hkkjrh; lsuk cnyko ds nkSj ls xq”kj jgh gS] lkefjd uhfr;ksa esa j{kk {ks=k dk egÙo c<+rk gh
tk jgk gSA Hkkjr {ks=kh; 'kfDr ls oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh jkg ij vxzlj gS vkSj bu lcds chp Hkkjrh; lsuk dk
vkèkqfudhdj.k fd;k tkuk vR;ar gh egÙoiw.kZ gSA
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zzijaijkxr vkSj vçpfyr gfFk;kjksa dks vkèkqfud gfFk;kjksa ls cnyus dh vko';drk rks gS gh] lkFk esa ;g Hkh vko';d
gS fd lsuk dks cnyrs oDr dh pqukSfr;ksa ds vuq:i cuk;k tk,A
zzblh Øe esa j{kk ea=kky; vc Lons'k fufeZr vL=kksa&'kL=kksa ij è;ku dsafær dj jgk gS vkSj bl dk;Z esa Lons'kh fuekZ.k
dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA ns'k dh lhekvksa ij laosnu'khyrk c<+rh tk jgh gS vkSj ,sls esa gesa viuh lsuk dk
vkèkqfudhdj.k djuk gksxkA
zzvkèkqfudhdj.k ds fy;s lsuk dks u, midj.kksa ,oa rduhdksa ls ySl djuk gksxk] iqjkuh rduhdksa ,oa midj.kksa dks
uohure vkSj vkèkqfud rduhdksa rFkk midj.kksa ls cnyuk gksxkA blds fy;s ljdkj midj.kksa ds Lons'khdj.k ds
ç;kl Hkh dj jgh gSA
zzHkkjr }kjk LofufeZr ;g ^vkfVZyjh xu* lsuk ds vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj LofuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsxhA
varfj{k ds {ks=k esa u, ns'kt fodkl (Recent Indigenous Development in the Field of Space)
Hkkjr tSls varjkZ"Vªh; :i ls mHkjrs ns'k ds fy;s ;g vko';d gS fd varfj{k izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa ns'kt fodkl
dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,A ;g fodkl u dsoy izkS|ksfxdh; fuHkZjrk dks lekIr djsxk] cfYd vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk dks
Hkh lqn`<+ djsxkA vr% ns'k ds izeq[k varfj{k laxBu& bljks (ISRO) us Lons'kh rduhdh ds izksUu;u dks izeq[krk nh gSA
gky ds o"kks± esa bljks us lwpuk mixzgksa ds ?kjsyw fodkl ij cy fn;k gSA igys ;s mixzg fons'kksa ls izkIr fd;s tkrs
FksA blh izdkj Hkkjr fons'kh iz{ksi.k lsokvksa ij ls viuh fuHkZjrk de djrk gqvk Lo;a iz{ksi.k lsok iznkrk ds :i esa
ifj.kr gksrk tk jgk gSA
mYys[kuh; gS fd o"kZ 2008 esa Hkkjr }kjk lapkfyr izFke panz vfHk;ku ^panz;ku&1* varfj{k {ks=k esa Lons'kh rduhd
ds fodkl dh cgqr cM+h miyfCèk FkkA iQjojh 2013 esa bljks us èkzqoh; mixzg iz{ksi.k ;ku PSLV C 20 ds }kjk ljy
fe'ku dk liQyre lapkyu fd;kA
gky ds o"kks± esa bljks us dkVksZlSV-2B, es?kkVªkWfiDl] jhlSV&1 lfgr vusd egÙoiw.kZ iz{ksi.k dk;Z laiUu fd;s gSaA
varfj{k izkS|ksfxdh fodkl vkSj vuqiz;ksx esa de ykxr ds fy;s uokpkj izksRlkgu ,d izeq[k dkjd gSA bljks us Hkkjrh;
{ks=kh; ukSogu mixzg iz.kkyh (IRNSS-1A) dk liQy iz{ksi.k dj ukSogu {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZjrk dks vkSj lqn`<+ fd;k gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us varfj{k {ks=k esa fodkl ds fy;s ,d nh?kkZofèkd ;kstuk cukbZ gSA bl ;kstuk dk uke ^fo”ku 2025*
gSA blds rgr varfj{k 'kksèk dk;ZØe ds y{;ksa dh igpku] rduhdh vko';drkvksa dh vkiwfrZ o"kZ 2025 rd djus
ij cy fn;k x;k gSA
bl varfj{k dk;ZØe ds rgr iqujksi;ksxh iz{ksi.k ;ku rduhd vkSj ekuo varfj{k mM+ku dk;ZØe (Human Space
Flight Programme) ds fy;s fØfVdy izkS|ksfxdh lfgr mUur iz{ksi.k ;ku iz.kkfy;ksa dk fodkl djuk lfEefyr gSA
U;wVªhuks vkWC”kosZVjh dks esxk oSKkfud ifj;kstuk ds rkSj ij 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA U;wVªhuks d.k ds oqQN izeq[k xq.k
fuEufyf[kr gSa%
zzU;wVªhuks (Neutrino) vkos'kjfgr d.k gksrs gSaA
zzbu d.kksa dh xfr izdk'k dh xfr ds leku gksrh gSA
zzU;wVªhuks d.kksa dh mRifÙk ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku chVk (β) d.kksa ds {k; ls gksrh gS rFkk ;s d.k lw;Z tSls rkjksa
esa jsfM;kslfØ; {k; vkSj ok;qeaMy ls dkWfLed fofdj.kksa dh var%fØ;k ls mRiUu gksrs gSaA
zzU;wVªhuks d.kksa dk nzO;eku vR;ar gh de gksrk gS] fdarq 'kwU; ughaA ykWxj ,oa ekSiQkr ds vuqlkj] U;wVªhuks d.k dk
nzO;eku bysDVªkWu ds nl yk[kosa fgLls ls Hkh de gksrk gSA
zz[kjcksa U;wVªhuks ekuo 'kjhj esa ls izfr lsdsaM xq”kjrs jgrs gSaA ;s d.k i`Foh ds ikj Hkh tkdj nwljh vksj vk ldrs
gSa] bldk izeq[k dkj.k ;g gS fd bu d.kksa ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh fdlh Hkh oLrq ls mudh vU;ksU; fØ;k vR;ar
de gksrh gSA
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zzHkkjr fLFkr U;wVªhuks osèk'kkyk d.k HkkSfrdh esa 'kksèk ds fy;s fufeZr foKku ifj;kstuk gSA bldk mn~ns'; czãkaMh; U;wVªhuks
dk vè;;u djuk gSA U;wVªhuks ewy d.k gksrs gSa] ftudk lw;Z] rkjksa ,oa ok;qeaMy esa izkÑfrd :i ls fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
zzrfeyukMq ds Fksuh f”kys dh ckslh igkfM+;ksa esa dbZ laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls bl osèk'kkyk dh LFkkiuk dh tk jgh gSA
;g osèk'kkyk pV~Vku dh 1300 ehVj xgjh xqiQk esa gksxhA
zzbl ifj;kstuk esa ijek.kq mQtkZ foHkkx rFkk foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx feydj lg;ksx ns jgs gSaA ijek.kq mQtkZ
foHkkx blds fy;s ,tsalh ds rkSj ij dk;Z djsxkA
zzHkkjr ds 21 vuqlaèkku laLFkku] fo'ofo|ky; vkSj vkbZvkbZVh (IITs) bl ifj;kstuk esa 'kkfey gSaA
zzU;wVªhuks MkoZQ eSVj] fo'ks"kr% xeZ MkoZQ eSVj (Hot Dark Matter) dh igpku ds fy;s ,dek=k lzksr gSA
bljks Lisl fe'ku ds fy;s uks,Mk dh ,d iQeZ us rki izfrjksèkh fiQYe fodflr dh
(Noida Firm Develops Heat-Resistant Film for ISRO Space Missions)
;wÝysDl (Uflex) daiuh us bljks ds varfj{k ;kuksa ds mQ"eh; ?kVdksa dks fuf"Ø; djus gsrq fo'ks"k èkkrq dh ,d
fiQYe fodflr dh gS] ftldk mi;ksx varfj{k vuqç;ksxksa ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;wÝysDl D;k gS\
zz;g Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h yphys iSdsftax inkFkks± dh ,d daiuh gSA
zz;g la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] dukMk] nf{k.k vesfjdk] fczVsu] ;wjksi] :l] lhvkbZ,l ns'kksa] nf{k.k vÚhdk vkSj vU;
vÚhdh ns'kksa esa iQSys fofHkUu m|ksx {ks=kksa dh lHkh yphyh iSdsftax vko';drkvksa ds fy;s ,d LVkWi 'kkWi ds :i
esa dk;Z djrh gSA
zz;g eè;&iwoZ vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dh iSdsftax vko';drkvksa dh vkiwfrZ djrh gSA
zzbldk eq[;ky; jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k fnYyh ds uks,Mk esa fLFkr gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzNg eghus esa fodflr bl fiQYe dks bljks ds fofunZs'kksa ds vkèkkj ij fufeZr fd;k x;k gSA
zz8 ekbØksu dh eksVkbZ okyh bl ,Y;qfefu”M ikWfy,LVj fiQYe dk ijh{k.k caxyw: esa bljks ds ;wvkj jko lSVsykbV
lsaVj esa fd;k x;k FkkA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd ,Y;qfefu”M ikWfy,LVj lkexzh dk mi;ksx varfj{k esa vk;fur d.kksa }kjk vR;fèkd mPp rkieku
vkSj ceckjh ls varfj{k ;ku ds ?kVdksa dh lqj{kk ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
zz;wÝysDl us bl fiQYe dk fodkl dj bljks ds Lons'khdj.k ds ç;kl vkSj varfj{k çkS|ksfxdh vuqç;ksx ds {ks=k esa
vkRefuHkZj cuus esa lgk;rk dh gSA
liQsn ckSuk rkjk (White Dwarf Star)
fnlacj 2019 esa •xksyfonksa dks ,d fo'kky xzg }kjk liQsn ckSus rkjs (WDJ0914 + 1914) dh ifjØek fd;s tkus
dk vçR;{k çek.k feyk gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzfjiksVZ ds vuqlkj bl rjg ds xzg ds ik, tkus dh ;g igyh ?kVuk gSA
zzbl xzg dks çR;{k :i ls ugha ns•k tk ldrk] bl xzg ds çek.k blds ok"ihÑr okrkoj.k esa mifLFkr xSl dh
fMLd (gkbMªkstu] vkWDlhtu] lYiQj) ds :i esa feys gSaA
zz;g xzg çfr 10 fnu esa liQsn ckSus rkjs dh ,d ckj ifjØek djrk gSA
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zzfpyh esa LFkkfir ,d fo'kky nf{k.kh ;wjksih; osèk'kkyk }kjk bu xSlh; fMLd dk irk yxk;k x;kA
zzfiNys nks n'kdksa ls ;g 'kksèk fd;k tk jgk Fkk fd xzgh; ra=k] liQsn ckSus rkjksa esa Hkh laHko gSA
bl fn'kk esa igyh ckj ,d okLrfod xzg •kstk x;k gSA
liQsn ckSuk rkjk
zzfdlh rkjs ds dsaæ esa ekStwn e”kcwr xq#Ro ds dkj.k dksj dk rkieku vkSj ncko cgqr gh ”;knk jgrk gSA
zzliQsn ckSus rkjksa esa mifLFkr gkbMªkstu ukfHkdh; lay;u dh çfØ;k esa iwjh rjg ls •Re gks tkrk gSA
zzrkjksa esa lay;u dh çfØ;k Å"ek vkSj ckgj dh rjiQ ncko mRiUu djrh gS] bl ncko dks rkjksa ds æO;eku ls mRiUu
xq#Ro cy larqfyr djrk gSA
zzrkjs ds cká dop ds gkbMªkstu ds ghfy;e esa ifjofrZr gksus ls ÅtkZ fofdj.k dh rhozrk ?kV tkrh gS ,oa bldk
jax cnydj yky gks tkrk gSA bl voLFkk ds rkjs dks ^yky nkuo rkjk* (Red Giant Star) dgk tkrk gSA
zzbl çfØ;k esa varr% ghfy;e dkcZu esa vkSj dkcZu Hkkjh inkFkZ] tSls& yksgs esa ifjofrZr gksus yxrk gSA
zz;fn fdlh rkjs dk æO;eku lw;Z ds æO;eku ls de ;k cjkcj (paæ'ks•j lhek) gksrk gS rks og yky nkuo ls ^liQsn
ckSuk* (White Dwarf) vkSj varr% ^dkyk ckSuk* (Black Dwarf) esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
paæ'ks•j lhek (Chandrashekhar Limit)
zz,l- paæ'ks•j Hkkjrh; ewy ds •xksy HkkSfrdfon~ Fks] ftUgksaus liQsn ckSus rkjksa ds thou voLFkk ds fo"k; esa fl¼kar
çfrikfnr fd;kA
zzblds vuqlkj] liQsn ckSus rkjksa ds æO;eku dh Åijh lhek lkSj æO;eku dk 1-44 xquk gS] bldks gh paæ'ks•j lhek
dgrs gSaA
zz,l- paæ'ks•j dks o"kZ 1983 esa ukfHkdh; •xksy HkkSfrdh esa MCY;w- ,- iQkmyj ds lkFk la;qDr :i ls ukscsy iqjLdkj
çnku fd;k x;kA
Mªksu iathdj.k gsrq fMftVy LdkbZ IysViQkWeZ ykWUp

gky gh esa ukxfjd mîó;u ea=kky; }kjk ns'k esa Mªksu vkWijsVjksa ds fy;s iathdj.k çfØ;k 'kq: djus gsrq ^fMftVy
LdkbZ* uked iksVZy dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzvxLr 2018 esa ljdkj us fjeksVyh ik;yksVsM ,fj;y flLVe (Remotely Piloted Aerial System-RPAS) ds lapkyu
ds fy;s fu;e cuk, Fks] tks fd 1 fnlacj ls çHkkoh gks x,A
zzbu fu;eksa ds rgr RPAS ds lqjf{kr lapkyu vkSj ,;j Lisl ds lgdkjh mi;ksx ds fy;s vkWijsVjksa] fjeksV ik;yV@
mi;ksxdÙkkZ vkSj fuekZrkvksa@OEM ds nkf;Roksa dk foLr`r fooj.k fn;k x;kA
zzukxfjd mîó;u ds fu;eksa (CAR) ds rgr fMftVy LdkbZ IysViQkWeZ dh Hkh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ] tks fd viuh rjg dk
igyk ,slk IysViQkWeZ gS] tks bl ckr ds mYya?ku dks de djus ds fy;s lkWÝVos;j vkèkkfjr vkRe&çorZu dh ,d
vkn'kZ ç.kkyh& ^fcuk vuqefr ds mM+ku ugha* (No Permission No Take) ykxw djrk gSA
zzbu ekunaMksa ds rgr Mªksu mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks vius Mªksu dk ,d ckj iathdj.k djkuk gksxkA mUgsa Mªksu ds ekfydksa
ds lkFk&lkFk mlds ik;yVksa dks Hkh iathÑr djus dh vko';drk gksxhA
zzHkkjr esa uSuks Mªksu us dkuwuh rkSj ij 1 fnlacj] 2018 ls mM+ku 'kq: dj fn;kA ekbØks vkSj mlls Åij dh Jsf.k;ksa
ds Mªksu ds fy;s vkWijsVjksa dks fMftVy LdkbZ iksVZy ij iathdj.k djkus dh vko';drk gksxhA
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zzea=kky; ds vuqlkj] fMftVy IysViQkWeZ us mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dk iathdj.k Lohdkj djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS rFkk vueSaM
,fj;y vkWijsVlZ ijfeV (Unmanned Aerial Operators Permit- UAOP) vkSj ;wfud vkbZMsaVhfiQds'ku uacj (Unique
Identification Numbers-UIN) ds fy;s Hkqxrku Hkkjrdks"k iksVZy (bharatkosh.gov.in) ds ekè;e ls Lohdkj fd;s
tk,axsA
zzea=kky; ds vuqlkj] mM+ku Hkjus dh vuqefr çkIr djus ds fy;s fjeksVyh ik;yksVsM ,fj;y flLVe (Remotely
Piloted Aerial System-RPAS) ;k Mªksu vkWijsVjksa ;k fjeksV ik;yVksa dks ,d mM+ku ;kstuk ntZ djuh gksxhA
zzea=kky; us ,d c;ku esa dgk] ¶xzhu ”kksu esa mM+ku Hkjus ds fy;s iksVZy ;k ,i ds ekè;e ls dsoy mM+kuksa ds le;
vkSj LFkku dh vko';drk gksxhA ;syks ”kksu esa mM+ku Hkjus ds fy;s vuqefr dh vko';drk gksxh vkSj jsM ”kksu esa
mM+kuksa dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA¸
zzbu {ks=kksa dh igpku tYn gh ?kksf"kr dh tk,xhA iksVZy ij vuqefr fMftVy :i ls miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA vufèkÑr
mM+kuksa dks jksdus vkSj lkoZtfud lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s fMftVy ijfeV ds fcuk dksbZ Hkh Mªksu mM+ku ugha
Hkj ik,xkA
zzfMftVy LdkbZ IysViQkWeZ bl rs”kh ls cnyrs m|ksx dh cnyrh vko';drkvksa ds lkFk fodflr gksus ds fy;s cuk;k
x;k gSA vkus okys eghuksa esa mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa ds fy;s mM+ku dh çfØ;k dks ljy djus vkSj lqj{kk ,tsafl;ksa dks fuxjkuh
dh lqfoèkk çnku djus gsrq ubZ fo'ks"krk,¡ fodflr dh tk,axhA
zzblds vykok] ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd Hkfo"; esa fMftVy LdkbZ lsok çnkrk (DSPs) ,Iyhds'ku çksxzke
baVjiQsl (APIs) ds ekè;e ls bl eap dh dk;Z{kerk dk foLrkj djsxkA
zzea=kky; }kjk tkjh ,d foKfIr esa dgk x;k gS fd RPAS ds fy;s Mªksu 2-0 dk;Z;kstuk esa Lok;Ùk mM+kuksa] Mªksu ds ekè;e
ls forj.k vkSj n`'; lhek ls ijs (BVLOS) mM+kuksa ds fy;s fu;ked <k¡ps dks 'kkfey fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gSA
zzo”ku ds vkèkkj ij Mªksu dh ik¡p Jsf.k;k¡& uSuks (250 xzke ls de)] ekbØks (250 xzke ls 2 fdyks rd)] Leky
(2 fdyks ls 25 fdyks rd)] ehfM;e (25 fdyks ls 150 fdyks rd) rFkk yktZ (150 fdyks ls vfèkd) gksaxhA
D;k gS Mªksu \
zzfjeksVyh ik;yksVsM ,fj;y flLVe (Remotely Piloted Aerial System-RPAS), ftls Mªksu ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS]
O;kid vuqç;ksxksa okyk ,d rduhdh eap gSA
zzbUgsa ,d fjeksV ;k fo'ks"kdj blh ds fy;s cuk, x, daVªksy :e ls mM+k;k tkrk gSA Mªksu vius vkdkj] nk;js] fLFkjrk
vkSj Hkkj mBkus dh {kerk ds vkèkkj ij dbZ çdkj ds gksrs gSaA
zzbuesa vkerkSj ij fLFkj ia•] jksVj jgrs gSa vkSj ;s cSVjh ls ÅtkZ çkIr djrs gSaA thih,l flLVe ds ”kfj;s dke djus
okys vyx&vyx Mªksu dh dk;Z{kerk vyx&vyx gksrh gSA
zzlkekU; rkSj ij fuxjkuh ds fy;s bLrseky fd;s tkus okys Mªksu dh jsat fiQygky 100 fdeh- rd gSA ,d ckj cSVjh
pktZ gksus ij ;g dkiQh Å¡pkbZ ij 100 fdeh- çfr ?kaVk dh xfr ls mM+ ldrk gSA
csaMscy çdk'k fdj.k (Bendable Light Beam)

vDVwcj 2019 esa vuqlaèkkudÙkkZvksa us ikjaifjd xkSfl;u fdj.kksa (Gausean Beams) ds LFkku ij çdkf'kd lapkj
ds fy;s csaMscy çdk'k fdj.k (Bendable Light Beam) dh •kst dhA
egÙoiw.kZ fcanq
zzcsaMscy çdk'k fdj.kksa dk ç;ksx çdk'kh; ifjpkyu (Optic Manipulation)] çdk'kh; çfrfcacu (Optic Imaging
iFk&fuèkkZj.k (Routing)] ekbØks e'khuh dk;ks± (Micromachining)] vjs•h; çdk'kh; dk;ks± (Non Linear Optics)
esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz'kksèk esa csaMscy çdk'k lapkj dh vU; dk;Z {kerkvksa dk Hkh fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA ftuesa vojksèkksa dks ikj djuk
(Bypass Obstruction)] lapj.k (Transmission)] Lo&mipkj (Self Healing)] Lo&fo?kVu ç{ksioØ lapj.k (Self
Broken Trajectory Transmission)] cgq xzká lapj.k (Multi Reciever Transmission) vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
zzblls iwoZ ikjaifjd eqDr {ks=k çdkf'kd lapkj esa VªkalehVj (Transmitter) vkSj fjlhoj (Reciever) dks tksM+us okyk
çdk'kh; iFk ges'kk ljy js•h; gksrk Fkk] ftlds dkj.k chp esa dksbZ Hkh vojksèk lapkj dks vliQy dj nsrk FkkA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd csaMscy çdk'k fdj.kksa ds ç;ksx ls vojksèkksa ds ckn Hkh lapkj dks vklkuh ls lapkfyr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ;s fdj.ksa vojksèkksa ds bnZ&fxnZ ls ;k ikj djds] vius osoÚaV (Wavefront) dks iqu% laxfBr dj ysrh gSaA
zzLo&mipkj dh {kerk ds dkj.k ;s fdj.ksa cgq mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks lwpuk,¡ çnku djus esa l{ke gksrh gSaA
zzbu fdj.kksa ds Lo&fo?kVu ds xq.k ds dkj.k vokaNuh; mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA
zzeqDr {ks=k MkVk okgd csaMscy çdk'k lapkj (Free Space Data Carrying Bendable Light Communication)] lapkj
ç.kkyh dks vis{kkÑr yphyk] e”kcwr vkSj cgqvk;keh cukrk gSA
csaMscy çdk'k fdj.k D;k gS\
csaMscy çdk'k fdj.k] oks fo|qrpqEcdh; (Electromagnetic) rjaxsa gSa] tks oØh; ç{ksioØ (Curved Trajectory)
dk vuqlj.k djrh gSA
tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa u, ns'kt fodkl

(Recent Indigenous Development in the Field of Biotechnology)
Hkkjrh; tSo izkS|ksfxdh dk {ks=k ns'k esa egÙoiw.kZ Kku vkèkkfjr {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us gky ds o"kks± esa
tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa Lora=k fu;ked dh LFkkiuk dk iz;kl fd;k gSA tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa ns'kt fodkl ds
vkyksd esa Hkkjr ck;ksVsd (Bharat Biotech) dh mYys[kuh; Hkwfedk jgh gSA ;g laxBu u, Vhdksa ds fodkl ,oa 'kksèk
dk;Z ds fodkl ds izfr mÙkjnk;h gSA
blus gkbeSDl rduhdh (HIMAX Technology) dk fodkl fd;k gSA ;g iqul±;ksftr Mh,u, rduhd (Recombinant
DNA Technology) dk ,d :i gSA bl rduhd ls fo'o ds ,dek=k lhft;e DyksjkbM eqDr gsisVkbfVl&B Vhds dk
fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA bl Vhds dk uke Re vac B+ gSA ;g Vhdk gsisVkbfVl&B fo"kk.kq ds izfr xSj&laØe.kdkjh izeq[k
izfrtu (Antigen) dh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA
Hkkjr ck;ksVsd us Vkbcj&Vhlhoh (Typbar-TCV) uked dkWUtqxsV Vk;iQk;M dk Vhdk cuk;k gSA ;g Vhdk fo'o
dk izFke uSnkfud :i ls ijhf{kr Vhdk gSA ;g Vhdk cPpksa ds fy;s nh?kkZofèkd Lrj ij ykHkdkjh gks ldrk gSA 6 ekg
ds cPpksa dks ;s Vhds fn;s tk ldrs gSaA
tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k esa ykHkdkjh] LoLFk vkSj de ykxr okys mRikn fuekZ.k ds {ks=k esa Hkkjr us egÙoiw.kZ
miyfCèk;k¡ gkfly dh gSaA loZfofnr gS fd Hkkjr esa ikniksa] tho&tarqvksa vkSj ikjaifjd nokvksa dk O;kid foLrkj gSA
vr% Hkkjr us vkS"kfèk] Ñf"k vkSj vkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=kksa esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh; ekè;e ls uokpkj fd;s gSaA Ård lao¼Zu
rduhd dh lgk;rk ls ;wdsfyIVl] ck¡l] ukfj;y] panu ikniksa dks O;kid Lrj ij mitk;k tk jgk gSA
Hkkjrh; tSo izkS|ksfxdh m|eksa esa thou j{kd nokvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSA ;s nok,¡ jDr dksysLVªkWy ds Lrj
dks de dj ân;k?kkr dh laHkkouk dks de dj ldrh gSaA blh izdkj 'kSuokd (Shanvac) uked izFke iqul±;ksftr Vhds
dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA ;g Vhdk gsisVkbfVl&B jksx ls j{kk esa lgk;d gks ldrk gSA dSalj jksèkh nokvksa dk Hkh fodkl
fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr esa izFke tSo izkS|ksfxdh iQly ds :i esa chVh dikl (Bt Cotton) dk ç;ksx fd;k x;kA ;g ,d dhVuk'kd
ikSèkk gSA blds fodkl ds fy;s ^ØkbZ izksVhu* ;k chVh VkWfDlu uked dhVuk'kh izksVhu dwfVr cSflyl F;wfjuftusfll
uked e`nk thok.kq (Soil Bacterium) ls thu dk LFkkukarj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
210
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz^vkW;y”kSij* (Oilzapper) ,d izdkj dh rduhd (Technology) gS] ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj ds cSDVhfj;k (Bacteria)
rFkk vU; ck;ks&jsesfM,'ku (Bio-Remediation) rduhdksa dk mi;ksx rsyh; iad ,oa fc[kjs gq, rsy ds fuokj.k ds
fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA 2010 esa eqacbZ ds rVh; {ks=kksa esa rsy ds fuokj.k ds fy;s bl rduhdh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA
zzck;ks jsesfM,'ku rduhdh esa lw{ethoksa dk iz;ksx dj i;kZoj.kh; iznw"kdksa dks de djus ;k jksdus dk iz;kl fd;k
tkrk gSA
zzbl rduhd esa ik¡p fofHkUu izdkj ds cSDVhfj;k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu cSDVhfj;k ds lewg dks vkW;y”kSij
dgk tkrk gSA ;s gkbMªksdkcZu dks viuk Hkkstu cukrs gSaA
zzdPps rsy o rsy 'kksèku ls fudyus okys gkfudkjd vif'k"Vksa (Waste), ftUgsa vkW;y Lyt (Oil Sludge) ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gS] esa gkbMªksdkcZu gksrk gS] ftls ;s vkW;y”kSij (Oilzapper) cSDVhfj;k ^dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM* o ^ty*
esa ifjofrZr dj nsrs gSaA
zzHkkjr esa ^vkW;y tSfiax* izkstsDV dks leFkZu Hkkjr ljdkj ds tSo izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx o foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky;
ds }kjk fn;k tk jgk gSA
,aVhck;ksxzkeksLdksi (Antibiogramoscope)
gky gh esa psUubZ esa fLFkr vUuk fo'ofo|ky; ds çksiQsljksa dh ,d Vhe us ,aVhck;ksfVd çfrjksèk ls fuiVus ds fy;s
,aVhck;ksxzkeksLdksi uked ,d midj.k fodflr fd;k gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzbl midj.k dh lgk;rk ls ,aVhck;ksfVd çfrjksèk ls fuiVuk vklku gks tk,xk] tks fd vkèkqfud LokLF; lsok dh
lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
zz;g midj.k Ng ?kaVs ds Hkhrj cSDVhfj;k ds çfrjksèkh miHksnksa dh igpku djrk gS] ftlls fpfdRldksa dks lgh nok
dk p;u djus esa enn feyrh gSA bl çfØ;k esa dqy ykxr 100&300 #i, rd vkrh gSA
zzekStwnk ijh{k.kksa esa 500 #i, ls ysdj 2,000 #i, rd dk •pZ vkrk gS vkSj ,aVhck;ksfVd çfrjksèk dk irk yxkus
esa 48 ?kaVs rd dk le; yxrk gSA
zzvUuk fo'ofo|ky; dh Vhe us tSo çkS|ksfxdh] esfMdy bysDVªkWfuDl] fofuekZ.k] bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lapkj bathfu;fjax]
baLVªwesaVs'ku rFkk esfMdy HkkSfrdh ds çksiQsljksa ds la;qDr ç;kl ls ,d vkn'kZ mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;kA
zzfo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx (University Grants Commission- UGC) rFkk foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx
(Department of Science and Technology- DST) us bl dk;Z dk leFkZu fd;k gSA
ijh{k.k dh fofèk
zzVhe us ,d rjy ,aVhck;ksfVd laosnu'khyrk ijh{k.k (Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing- AST) ekè;e dks fodflr
fd;kA blds fy;s O;kolkf;d :i ls miyCèk ,d ÝyksjkslsaV v.kq dks lSaiy (Body Fluid) ds lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA
zzbls ,aVhck;ksxzkeksLdksi ds ekbØksosYl (Microwells) esa LFkkukarfjr fd;k tkrk gS] tks fd ,d çdkj ds ,aVhck;ksfVd
ds lkFk ysfir gksrs gSaA
zztc cSDVhfj;k bl ekè;e esa fodflr gksrs gSa] rks ,d ;kSfxd dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa] ftls ,#dsekbM (Erucamide) dgk
tkrk gS] ;g ;kSfxd ÝyksjkslsaV (Florescent) v.kq dks ckaèkrk gS] ftlls bldh çfrnhfIr (Florescence) can gks tkrh gSA
zzbldk eryc gS fd vxj ge dqN ekbØksosYl esa çfrnhfIr dks ns•rs gSa] rks os ,aVhck;ksfVDl cSDVhfj;k dks ekjus
esa çHkkoh gSaA
zzçfrnhfIr dk eryc ;g ugha gS fd ,aVhck;ksfVd ds ckotwn cSDVhfj;k c<+ jgs gSaA

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzekStwnk fofèk cSDVhfj;k dks fodflr djus ds fy;s ,d Bksl ekè;e dk mi;ksx djrh gS vkSj ,aVhck;ksfVd nokvksa
dks mi;ksx ls igys 24 ?kaVs yxrs gSaA bl iwjh çfØ;k esa 48 ?kaVs yxrs gSaA tcfd ,aVhck;ksxzkeksLdksi esa rjy ekè;e
vkSj nks pj.kksa dk foy; iwjh çfØ;k dks xfr nsrk gSA
zz;g ekè;e dh ek=kk dks 20ml ls 2ml djrs gq, ykxr dks Hkh de djrk gSA blds vykok] rjy ekè;e ij
,aVhck;ksfVd ijh{k.k csgrj ifj.kke nsrk gSA ;g çfØ;k Lopkfyr gS] lSaiy vkSj eè;e yksM gksus ds ckn fdlh Hkh
ekuoh; gLr{ksi dh vko';drk ugha gSA
zz;g lacafèkr MkWDVjksa vkSj vLirkyksa dks bZesy }kjk vafre fjiksVZ fp=k lfgr HkstsxkA
jk"Vªh; ijh{k.k vkSj va'k'kksèku ç;ksx'kkyk çR;k;u cksMZ

[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories -NABL]
zzNABL Hkkjr dh xq.koÙkk ifj"kn dk ,d laoSèkkfud cksMZ gSA
zz,u,ch,y dks ljdkj] m|ksx la?kksa vkSj m|ksx dks vkerkSj ij vuq:irk ewY;kadu fudk; dh ekU;rk çnku djus dh
;kstuk ds lkFk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa fpfdRlk vkSj va'kkadu ç;ksx'kkykvksa] çoh.krk ijh{k.k çnkrkvksa ,oa
lanHkZ lkexzh mRikndksa lfgr ijh{k.k dh rduhdh {kerk dk r`rh;&i{k ewY;kadu 'kkfey gSA
zzDokfyVh dkmafly vkWiQ bafM;k (QCI) ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh Lok;Ùk lkslkbVh ds :i esa lkslkbVh iathdj.k vfèkfu;e]
1860 ds rgr iathÑr gSA
zzQCI dk mn~ns'; ns'k esa ,d ekU;rk okys <k¡ps dks LFkkfir djuk vkSj ,d xq.koÙkk vfHk;ku 'kq: djds Hkkjr esa
xq.koÙkk dk lapkj djuk gSA
baMhtsu thukse ifj;kstuk (Indigen Genome Project)

vDVwcj 2019 esa oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-
CSIR) }kjk baMhtsu thukse ifj;kstuk (IndiGen Genome Project) ds rgr 1000 ls vfèkd yksxksa ds thukse vuqØe.k
(Genome Sequencing) dk vè;;u fd;k x;kA
çeq• fcanq%
vçSy] 2019 esa 'kq: gqbZ baMhtsu thukse ifj;kstuk dks lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-– ftuksfedh vkSj leosr tho foKku laLFkku
fnYyh (CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology-IGIB) rFkk dksf'kdh; ,oa vk.kfod thofoKku dsaæ]
gSnjkckn (CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCMB) }kjk ykxw fd;k x;k gSA
bl ifj;kstuk ds nks çeq• mís'; gSa
zz'kh?kzrk ,oa fo'oluh;rk ds lkFk fofHkUu çdkj ds thukse dh eSfiax (Genome Mapping) djuk rFkk yksxksa dks
muds thu esa gksus okys LokLF; tksf•eksa ds ckjs esa lykg nsukA
zzchekjh ls tqM+s gq, thuksa dh fHkUurk rFkk vko`fÙk dks le>ukA
zzbl ifj;kstuk ds ekè;e ls thukse MkVk ls mipkj o jksdFkke ds fy;s lVhd nok,¡ fodflr djus dh {kerk c<+sxh]
ftlds }kjk dSalj rFkk vU; nqyZHk vkuqoaf'kd jksxksa dk funku laHko gksxkA
zzbaMhtsu (IndiGen) ds ifj.kkeksa dk mi;ksx tula[;k ds iSekus ij ^vkuqoaf'kd fofoèkrk* (Genome Variation) dks
le>us rFkk uSnkfud vuqç;ksx gsrq vkuqoaf'kd :ikarj miyCèk djkus ds fy;s fd;k tk,xk] tks vkuqoaf'kd jksxksa ds
dkj.kksa o çÑfr dks le>us esa lgk;d gksxkA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
LokLF; ds {ks=k esa u, ns'kt fodkl
(Recent Indigenous Development in the Field of Health)
Hkkjr esa LokLF; ds {ks=k dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy;s vko';d gS fd bl ns'k ds vanj fodflr ns'kt rduhdksa dk
mi;ksx O;kid Lrj ij fd;k tk,A bl igyw dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fuEufyf[kr izeq[k miyfCèk;k¡ gkfly dh xbZ gSa&
1. bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ VsDuksykWth (vkbZvkbZVh)] xqokgkVh ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us liQyrkiwoZd ,d 3Mh js'ke ikM+
(Scattold) ds Hkhrj fodflr ,d izR;kjksi.k ;ksX; tSo&Ñf=ke vXU;k'k; (Pancreas) ekWMy cuk;k gSA ;g
vXU;k'k;] tks balqfyu mRiUUk djus okyh dksf'kdkvksa dks lekfgr dj ldrk gS] LokHkkfod :i ls fujarj balqfyu
mRiUUk djus esa l{ke gSA bldk bLrseky Vkbi&1 eèkqesg ds bykt esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] xqokgkVh ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ,d v¼Z&ikjxE; f>Yyh vojksèk dk chVk dksf'kdkvksa ij ysi p<+k;kA
;g f>Yyh balqfyu dks #fèkj f>Yyh esa tkus nsrh gS] ijarq izfrj{kh dksf'kdkvksa dks f>YYkh ikj djus vkSj vkbysV
dksf'kdkvksa dks ekjus dh vuqefr ugha nsrh gSA
”khdk ok;jl ls gksus okys ekbØkslsiQyh ds dkj.kksa dk irk pyk

jk"Vªh; efLr"d vuqlaèkku dsaæ ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dh ,d Vhe us vk.kfod vkSj lsyqyj fØ;kfofèk dh liQyrkiwoZd
igpku dh gS] ftlds }kjk ”khdk ok;jl ekbØkslsiQyh (efLr"d dk ,d jksx) dk dkj.k curk gSA 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa ds
vuqlkj ekbØkslsiQyh (microcephaly) ds lkFk iSnk gksus okys f'k'kqvksa dk flj (head) lkekU; f'k'kqvksa dh rqyuk esa
dkiQh NksVs vkdkj dk gksrk gSA
çeq• fcanq
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ok;jl ds ,Uosyksi (f?kjs gq,) çksVhu (bZ&çksVhu) dh •kst djus esa liQyrk ikbZ gS] tks efLr"d
dh LVse dksf'kdkvksa esa ok;jl ds ços'k ds fy;s] ekuo Hkwz.k raf=kdk LVse dksf'kdkvksa ds çlkj dks vojksfèkr djus
vkSj U;wjkWu tSlh cuus okyh dksf'kdkvksa dks ekjus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSA
zzbl ok;jl dk la;qDr çHkko gksrk gS fd ;g efLr"d esa NksVs vkdkj esa o`f¼ dj jgh Hkzw.k tSlh efLr"d dksf'kdkvksa
ds iwy dks de dj nsrk gSA
zz”khdk ok;jl esa bZ&çksVhu mRifjofrZr (mutate) gks tkrk gS vkSj ;g Msaxw] osLV ukbyok;jl (west nilevirus)] ihyk
cq•kj (yellow fever) rFkk tkikuh balsisQykbfVl tSls vU; ÝySfook;jl (flavivirus) ds ,Uosyksi (envelop) çksVhu
ls cgqr vyx gksrk gSA
zztc pkj çksVhu] ftUgsa igys ls gh vU; ÝySfook;jl esa igpkuk tk pqdk gS] Li"V :i ls çdV gq,] vfèkd ek=kk
esa mRiUu gq,] rc efLr"d LVse dksf'kdkvksa ds çlkj dks jksdus esa bZ&çksVhu vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh ik;k x;kA vU; rhu
çksVhu de egÙoiw.kZ rjhds ls dk;Z dj jgs FksA blfy;s 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us bZ&çksVhu dk vkxs vè;;u djuk csgrj le>kA
zzbZ&çksVhu ds laidZ esa vkus ds ckn ;g le>us ds fy;s fd LVse lsy vkj,u, dSls çHkkfor gksrk gS] 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa
us LVse dksf'kdkvksa ds vkj,u, dks Hkh vuqØfer fd;kA
zzvkj,u, dks vuqØfer djus ij mUgksaus ik;k fd bZ&çksVhu dh mifLFkfr esa LVse dksf'kdkvksa ds 25 ekbØks vkj,u,
;k rks cgqr vfèkd ;k cgqr de çdV gks ik, FksA
zz'kksèk ds nkSjku ik;k x;k fd nks ekbØks vkj,u, ekuo thu ds çdV gksus dh fLFkfr dks fu;af=kr djrs gSa rFkk
efLr"d ds fodkl esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa vkSj Lo;a (LVseusl) dks uohuhÑr djus ds fy;s LVse
dksf'kdkvksa dh {kerk dks cuk, j•rs gSaA
zztc LVse lsy foHkkftr gksuk 'kq: djrh gSa rks ,d lsy Lo;a uohuhÑr gks tkrh gS vkSj ,d LVse lsy cu tkrh gSA
tcfd] nwljh efLr"d dksf'kdk cuus dk vuqlj.k djrh gS] tcfd bZ&çksVhu LVse dksf'kdkvksa dks ekjus esa vleFkZ
Fkh] D;ksafd ;g cgqr vfèkd yphyh gksrh gS] ysfdu ;g U;wjkWUl dks u"V djus esa l{ke FkhA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzU;wjkWUl U;wjksVkWfDlu ds fy;s vfèkd laosnu'khy gksrs gSa vkSj ;s foHkkftr ugha gksrs gSaA bl çdkj de efLr"d
dksf'kdk,¡ efLr"d dks NksVs vkdkj dh vksj ys tkrh gSaA
zzfu"d"kks± dks çekf.kr djus ds fy;s 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us bafM;u baLVhVÔwV vkWiQ VsDuksykWth (vkbZvkbZVh)] dkuiqj esa çksiQslj
tksukdh lsu ds lg;ksx ls 13-5 fnuksa ds xHkkZoLFkk okys pwgksa esa bZ&çksVhu dks Mkyk vkSj nks fnu ckn muds efLr"d
dks ckgj fudkykA mUgksaus ns•k fd LVse dksf'kdk,¡ la[;k esa de gks xbZ Fkha vkSj mudk çlkj #d x;k FkkA
czqdgSosu us'kuy yScksjsVjh
(Brookhaven National Laboratory)
zz;g la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh jk"Vªh; iz;ksx'kkyk gS] tks U;w;kWdZ (New York) ds ;qIVkWu (Upton) uxj esa fLFkr
gSA bl iz;ksx'kkyk dh LFkkiuk 1947 esa dh xbZ FkhA bl iz;ksx'kkyk esa Hkkjrh; oSKkfud Hkh dk;Z djrs gSaA
zz;gk¡ ,d ,aVh&nzO; (Anti Matter) dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,aVh&nzO; rkjksa ,oa vkdk'kxaxkvksa ds fuekZ.k
lacaèkh tkudkjh rFkk rkjksa vkSj vkdk'kxaxkvksa ds gksus dh laHkkouk dh tk¡p djsxkA ;g ,aVh&nzO; czãkaM ds fodkl
ds ckjs esa tkudkjh miyCèk djk,xkA
zzbl iz;ksx'kkyk esa fuEu {ks=kksa esa fjlpZ fd;k tk,xk& mQtkZ lqj{kk] iQksVkWu lkbal] QCD eSVj] i;kZoj.k bR;kfnA
usV ehVfjax Ldhe

usV ehVfjax Ldhe lkSj mQtkZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ykbZ xbZ gSA blds rgr miHkksDrk vius ?kj ij lksyj IykaV
yxkdj fctyh iSnk dj ldsaxsA blds varxZr ekg esa ftruh ;wfuV fctyh miHkksDrk lksyj IykaV ls iSnk djsaxs] daiuh
fctyh fcy esa gj ekg mruh ;wfuV dh NwV nsxhA lksyj IykaV ls fctyh dks vU; LFkkuksa ij Hkstus ds fy;s fxzM ls
tksM+k tk,xkA ?kj esa ckbZ Mk;jsD'kuy ehVj yxkuk gksxkA blesa fdruh fctyh fxzM esa Hksth tk,xh vkSj fdruh ?kj esa
iz;qDr gksxh] nksuksa dh jhfMax ntZ jgsxhA ehVj ck”kkj ls miHkksDrk dks Lo;a [kjhnuk gksxkA bls fctyh foHkkx ds vfèkdkjh
lhy djsaxsA fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqlkj 9 fdyksokV dk la;a=k yxkus esa rdjhcu 2 yk[k #i, dk [kpZ vkrk gSA blesa izfrfnu
4 ls 5 ;wfuV fctyh iSnk dh tkrh gSA
Y;wdksMekZ ls futkr ds fy;s gcZy vkS"kfèk

varjkZ"Vªh; fofVfyxks fnol (International Vitiligo Day) ds volj ij j{kk vuqlaèkku fodkl laxBu (DRDO)
us Y;wdksMekZ (l-iQsn nkXk) ds mipkj gsrq ,d gcZy vkS"kfèk fodflr dh gSA
zzbl vkfo"dkj us Y;wdksMekZ ls ihfM+r yksxksa dks ubZ vk'kk çnku dh gSA
Y;wdksMekZ
zzY;wdksMekZ (Leucoderma) ,d Ropk lacaèkh chekjh gS] ftlesa Ropk ij liQsn èkCcs gks tkrs gSa] ;g dq"B jksx
(Leprosy) ls fHkUu gSA
zzY;wdksMekZ dks fofVfyxks Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g ihfM+r O;fDr dks volkn vkSj ruko dh fLFkfr esa igq¡pk nsrk gS rFkk
yksx bls lkekftd dyad ds :i esa ns•rs gSaA
zzfofVfyxks laØked jksx ugha gS vkSj u gh ;g vlkè; ;k tkuysok gSA Y;wdksMekZ dh fo'oO;kih laHkkouk 1-2 çfr'kr
crkbZ xbZ gSA Hkkjr esa jktLFkku ds dqN fgLlksa esa blls lacafèkr ekeyksa dh la[;k yxHkx 4-5 çfr'kr gSA xqtjkr
esa ;g 5-8 çfr'kr ls vfèkd gSA
KkrO; gS fd gky gh esa ljdkj us DRDO ds ,d ofj"B oSKkfud gsear ikaMs dks çfrf"Br lkekftd foKku iqjLdkj
ls lEekfur fd;k FkkA ;g lEeku bl chekjh dk bykt djus ds fy;s ^Y;wdksfLdu* ds fodkl gsrq çnku fd;k x;k
FkkA
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fofVfyxks ds fofHkUu mipkj
zzorZeku esa ,yksiSfFkd] 'kY; fpfdRlk tSls fofVfyxks ds fofHkUu mipkj miyCèk gSa] ysfdu fdlh Hkh fpfdRlk i¼fr
us bl chekjh dks iw.kZr% Bhd ugha fd;k gSA
zzblds vfrfjDr ;s mipkj ;k rks eg¡xs gSa ;k ,dy v.kq vkèkkfjr gSa rFkk budk çHkko Hkh lhfer gS] tcfd fofVfyxks
ds mipkj dh ;g nok (Y;wdksfLdu) ejge vkSj rjy ds :i esa miyCèk gSA
zzbl ejge esa lkr gcZy vo;o gSa] ftuesa Ropk dh iQksVks lsaflVkbtj] ,aVh&fCyLVj] ,aVh&baÝysesVjh] ,aVh&lsfIVd]
?kko Hkjus vkSj rkacs ds iwjd xq.k gksrs gSa] tcfd u, nkx ds fy;s ekSf•d •qjkd rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
fo'o fofVfyxks fnol% ;g çfro"kZ 25 twu dks euk;k tkrk gS tks fd fofVfyxks ds ckjs esa oSf'od tkx:drk
ds fy;s ,d igy gSA
Y;qdksfLdu% ;g fofVfyxks ds mipkj esa dke vkus okyh vkS"kfèk gS] ftls gky gh esa DRDO us fodflr fd;k
gSA orZeku esa fnYyh fLFkr AIMIL Pharma Ltd. }kjk ;g cukbZ vkSj csph tk jgh gSA
nokvksa ds la;kstu ls risfnd dk mipkj

(Treatment of tuberculosis by combination of drugs)
zzfnlacj 2019 esa 'kksèkdrkvksa }kjk ik;k x;k fd eysfj;k dh nokvksa ds la;kstu ds lkFk risfnd dk bykt vis{kkÑr
vfèkd izHkkoh gSA
zz'kksèk esa risfnd ds thok.kqvksa }kjk risfnd dh nokvksa ds çfr çfrfØ;kvksa dk vè;;u fd;k x;kA
zzvke èkkj.kk ds vuqlkj risfnd ds xSj&çfrÑfr (Non Replicating) èkheh p;kip; nj (Metabolism Rate)
okys thok.kq gh risfnd dh nokvksa ds çfr lgu'khy gksrs gSa] tcfd 'kksèk esa ik;k x;k fd çfrjksèkd dksf'kdkvksa
(Macrophages Cells) esa lfØ; :i ls xqf.kr gksus okys thok.kqvksa dk Hkh ,d va'k risfnd fojksèkh nokvksa dks
lgu djus esa l{ke FkkA
zzrisfnd ds miyCèk mipkj esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh ;g gS fd bykt esa Ng eghus ;k mlls vfèkd le; yxrk gS]
ftlls cSDVhfj;k 'kjhj esa yacs le; rd cuk jgrk gS vkSj nok ls n`<+rk ls yM+rk gSA ;g vofèk thok.kqvksa dks
fofoèkrk] mRifjorZu vkSj viuh la[;k c<+kus dk i;kZIr le; nsrh gS] ftlls os nokvksa ds çfr vuqdwy gks tkrs gSaA
zzbl leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy;s yEcs le; ls nokvksa ds la;kstu ij 'kksèk py jgk FkkA
zzbl ç;ksx esa ik;k x;k fd eysfj;k fojksèkh nok DyksjksfDou (Chloroquine) vkSj risfnd dh nok vkblksfuvkf”kM
(Isoniazid) dk la;kstu pwgksa vkSj fxuh fix ds iQsiQM+ksa ls risfnd ds lHkh thok.kqvksa dks dsoy vkB gÝrksa esa
•Re djus esa l{ke gSA
zzblds vykok nokvksa ds bl la;kstu ls risfnd ds iqu% gksus dh laHkkouk Hkh de ikbZ xbZA
zzjksxk.kqvksa ls xzflr gksus ij çfrj{kk ra=k esa mifLFkr çfrjksèkd dksf'kdk,¡ jksxk.kqvksa ls yM+us ds fy;s lcls igys
vEyh;rk c<+kus gsrq pH Lrj dks de dj nsrh gSaA
tcfd 'kksèk esa ik;k x;k fd ;g vEyh;rk jksxk.kqvksa dks •Re djus esa ugha] cfYd mudh yxkrkj la[;k vkSj
nokvksa ds çfr mudh lgu'khyrk c<+kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA
'kksèk ds vuqlkj] nokvksa ds çfr lgu'khy thok.kq ,slh çfrjksèkd dksf'kdkvksa esa ik, x,] tks vis{kkÑr ”;knk
vEyh; FkhaA
;g 'kksèk caxyw: ds us'kuy lsaVj iQkWj ck;ksykWftdy lkbal (National Centre for Biological Sciences) vkSj
iQkmaMs'ku iQkWj usXysDVsM fM”kh”k fjlpZ (Foundation for Neglected Disease Research) }kjk fd;k x;kA
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risfnd (Tuberculosis)
zzbl jksx dks ^{k; jksx* ;k ^jkt;{ek* ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
zz;g êkbdkscSDVhfj;e VÔwcjDyksfll* uked cSDVhfj;k ls iQSyus okyk laØked ,oa ?kkrd jksx gSA
zzlkekU;rkSj ij risfnd dsoy iQsiQM+ksa dks çHkkfor djus okyh chekjh gS] ijarq ;g ekuo&'kjhj ds vU; vaxksa dks Hkh
çHkkfor dj ldrh gSA
zzçfro"kZ 24 ekpZ dks fo'o risfnd fnol euk;k tkrk gSA
zzblh fnu o"kZ 1882 esa oSKkfud jkscVZ dksp us Vhch ds thok.kq dh •kst dh FkhA
eysfj;k (Maleria)
zz;g Iyk”eksfM;e ijthfo;ksa (Plasmodium Parasites) ds dkj.k gksus okyk ePNjtfur jksx gSA
zz;g ijthoh laØfer eknk ,uksfiQyh”k ePNj (Anopheles Mosquitoes) ds dkVus ls iQSyrk gSA
zzeysfj;k eq[; :i ls m".kdfVcaèkh; vkSj miks".kdfVcaèkh; {ks=kksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA
zzosDVj fu;a=k.k (Vector Control) eysfj;k lapj.k dks jksdus vkSj de djus dk eq[; rjhdk gSA
vè;k;&13
^bysDVªkWfuDl * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
bysDVªkWfuDl dh ladYiuk (Concept of Electronics)

foKku ds varxZr bysDVªkfuDl bysDVªkWfudh foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dk ,slk {ks=k gS tks fofHkUu izdkj ds ekè;eksa tSls
(fuokZr] vèkZpkyd] xSl] uSuks& lajpuk rFkk èkkrq) vkfn ls gksdj vkos'k (eq[;r% bysDVªkWu) ds izokg ,oa mu ij
vkèkkfjr ;qfDr;ksa dk vè;;u djrk gSA izkS|ksfxdh ds :i eas bysDVªkWfudh og {ks=k gksrk gS tks fofHkUu bysDVªkWfud ;qfDr;ksa
izfrjksèk] bysDVªkWu V~;wc] laèkkfjr] VªkaftLVj] bUMDVj] Mk;ksM+ rFkk ,dhÑr ifjiFk (IC) vkfn dk iz;ksx dj mi;qDr
ifjiFk dk fuekZ.k djus ,oa muds }kjk fo|qr ladsrksa dks okafNr rjhds ls cnyus (Manipulation) ls lacafèkr gksrk gSA
blds varxZr rjg&rjg dh ;qfDr;ksa dk vè;;u rFkk mueas lqèkkj ,oa u;h&u;h ;qfDr;ksa dk fuekZ.k vkfn Hkh lfEefyr gSA
,sfrgkfld :i ls bysDVªkWfudh ,oa oS|qr izkS|ksfxdh dk {ks=k leku jgk rFkk nksuksa dks ,d&nwljs ls vyx ugha ekuk
x;kA ijarq ubZ&ubZ ;qfDr;ksa] ifjiFkksa rFkk muds }kjk laikfnr dk;ks± esa vR;fèkd foLrkj gks tkus ls bysDVªkWfuDl dks oS|qr
izkS|ksfxdh ls ,d vyx 'kk[kk ds :i eas ekuk tkus yxkA bl izdkj vfèkd fo|qr&'kfDr ls lacafèkr {ks=kksa tSls fo|qr
e'khujh] ikWoj flLVe] ikWoj bysDVªkWfudh vkfn dks oS|qr izkS|ksfxdh ds varxZr tcfd de fo|qr 'kfDr ,oa fo|qr ladsrksa
ds Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds ifjorZuksa tSls ekWM;qys'ku] fiQYVfjax] izoèkZu rFkk ,ukykWx ls fMftVy dUo'kZu vkfn ls lacafèkr {ks=k
dks bysDVªkWfudh ds varxZr ekuk tkrk gSA
bysDVªkWfudh dk vkèkqfud :i jsfM;ksa ,oa nwjn'kZu ds fodkl ds :i eas lkeus vk;kA bldk egÙo f}rh; fo'o
;q¼ eas iz;qDr j{kk midj.kksa rFkk j{kk&ra=kksa ls vfèkdkfèkd mHkjdj lkeus vk;k gS] ijarq bysDVªkWfuDl@bysDVªkWfudh dh
uhao cgqr igys gh j[kh tk pqdh FkhA o"kZ 1883 esa FkkWel vYok ,fMlu (Thomas Alva Edition) }kjk ik;k x;k fd
fuokZr esa bysDVªkWu èkkrq ds ,d pkyd ls nwljs pkyd esa izokfgr gks ldrs gSaA rRi'pkr~ blh fl¼kar ij fuokZr Mk;ksM
vkSj Vªk;ksM cuk, x,A o"kZ 1893 easa tgk¡ fudksyk VsLyk (Nikola Tesla) }kjk jsfM;ksa lapkj dk izn'kZu fd;k x;k ogha
o"kZ 1896 esa ekj dksuh (Mar Coni) }kjk jsfM;ksa lapkj dk O;kogkfjd izn'kZu fd;k x;kA lu~ 1904 eas tkWu ,Eczksl
Ýysfeax (John Ambrose Fleming) }kjk igyk Mk;ksM cuk;k x;k] ftls jsfM;ksV~;wc dgk x;kA o"kZ 1906 eas jkWcVZ cku
yh csu (Robert Baan Lee Ben) vkSj yh Mh iQkjsLV (Lee De Forest) }kjk Lora=k :i ls Vªk;ksM dk fuekZ.k fd;k
x;k tks izoèkZd (Amplifier) dk dke djus esa l{ke FkkA blh ds lkFk bysDVªkWfudh ds fodkl dk nkSj vkjaHk gqvkA
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bysDVªkWu V~;wcksa dk igyk mi;ksx jsfM;ksa lapkj eas gqvkA lu~ 1947 esa csy iz;ksx'kkyk esa dk;Zjr~ fofy;e 'kkWDys (William
Shockley), tkWu ckfnZu (John Bardeen), okWYVj czVSu (Walter Brattain) }kjk VªkaftLVj dk vkfo"dkj fd;k x;kA bl
vkfo"dkj ds iQyLo:i bysDVªkWfudh us fuokZr&ufydk ij vkèkkfjr bysDVªkWfud ;qfDr;ksa ls gVdj ,d u, ;qx eas izos'k
fd;kA vc NksVs&NksVs jsfM;ksa vkus izkjaHk gq,A lu~ 1959 eas ,dhÑr ifjiFk dk vkfo"dkj gqvkA blds igys bysDVªkWfud
ifjiFk vyx&vyx bysDVªkWfud ;qfDr;ksa dks tksM+dj cuk;s tkrs Fks tks vfèkd txg ?ksjrs Fks] vfèkd lafo|qr 'kfDr ysrs
Fks] fo'oluh;rk Hkh de FkhA vkbZlh (IC) ds inkiZ.k us u;h laHkkouk;s [kksy nhA vkèkqfud ihlh rFkk eksckby vkfn
vkbZlh (IC) ds vkfo"dkj ds fcuk brus NksVs ,oaa lLrs ugha gks ldrs FksA lu~ 1968 eas baVsy eas dk;Zjr ekflZvu gkWiQ
(Marcian Hoff) }kjk ekbØks izkslslj dk fodkl fd;k x;kA
bysDVªkWfud izkS|ksfxdh dks ifjiFkksa ds vkèkkj ij eq[;r% nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS&
bysDVªkWfud izks|ksfxdh ds Hkkx
,ukykWx bysDVªkfuDl (Analog electronics) fMftVy bysDVªkWfuDl (Digital electronics)
bleas fo|qr ladsr lrr (Analog) gksrs gS vkSj mudk bleas fo|qr ladsr vadh; gksrs gSA vadh; ladsr cgqr rjg
izlaLdj.k djus ds ckn Hkh os lrr gh cus jgrs gSaA tSls& ds gks ldrs gS fdarq ckbujh fMftVy ladsr lcls vfèkd
VªkaftLVj&izoèkZd ,d ,ukykWx flLVe gSA vkWijs'kuy mi;ksx esa vkrs gSaA 'kwU;@,d] vkWiQ@vkWu] gk¡@ugha] yk¡@gkbZ
,fEIyiQk;j ds fodkl ,oa vkbZ&lh ds :i esa bldh vkfn ckbujh ladsrksa ds dqN mnkgj.k gSaA tc ls ,dhÑr
miyCèkrk ls ,ukykWx bysDVªkfudh esa ,d Økafr vk xbZA ifjiFkksa (baVhxzsVsM lfdZV) dk izknqHkkZo gqvk gS vkSj ,d
NksVh lh fpi esa yk[kksa djksM+ksa bysDVªkWfud ;qfDr;k¡ Hkjh
tkus yxh gS rc ls fMftVy bysDVªkWfud cgqr egÙoiw.kZ
gks xbZ gSA
blds vU; Hkkx bl izdkj gSA
zzekbØks bysDVªkWfuDl (Micro electornics)
zzuSuks bysDVªkWfuDl (Nano electronics)
zzvkIVksbysDVªkWfuDl (Optoelectronics)
zzbaVhxzsVsM lfdZV (Integrated circuit)
zzlsehdaMDVj fMokbl (Semiconductor Device)
bysDVªkWfuDl ds midj.k ,oa lkexzh

(Equipment and Materials of Electronics )
zzmidj.k ,oa lkexzh] bysDVªkWfudh ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh {ks=k dh jh<+ gSa bysDVªkWfud lkexzh@midj.k gkMZos;j dk
egÙoiw.kZ vax gksrs gSa ftudk mi;ksx lsyiQksu] ike VkWi@ySiVkWi daI;wVj vkbikWM] iksVsZcy VsLV] vU; lapkj midj.kksa
vkSj izfrLièkkZ xStsV vkfn vkèkqfud midj.kksa ds fodkl gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA bysDVªkWfud gkMZos;j ubZ izkS|ksfxdh lkexzh
vkSj lac¼ izfØ;k izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks=k eas u, iz;ksxksa ls izsfjr gSA
zziQksVksfuDl] bysDVªkWfuDl& ds lkFk izdk'k dh foy; vR;kèkqfud izkS|ksfxdh] l`tu ,oa izdk'k vkSj DokaVe bdkbZ
iQksVkWu nhfIreku ÅtkZ ds vU; :iksa ds nksgu ds fy;s vko';d gSA iQksVksfuDl rduhd dk mi;ksx lwpuk lapkj
izkS|ksfxdh] fofuekZ.k] izdk'k O;oLFkk] lqj{kk] thou foKku] fpfdRlk foKku lfgr gj {ks=k esa fd;k tkrk gS rFkk
oYMZ okbM osc] lh-Mh] gksyksxzke] ystj vkfn ds fy;s Hkh ;g rduhdh jh<+ dh gM~Mh gSaA

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zzlrr~ fodkl dh fn'kk eas i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,oa iznw"k.k fu;a=k.k fodflr djus ij fo'o Hkj eas tksj fn;k tk jgk
gSA fofuekZ.k izfØ;kvksa] ikjaifjd izfØ;kvksa vkSj mRikn eas lrr~ fodkl ds fy;s vkSj vfèkd i;kZoj.kh; ftEesnkjh
viukus dh t:jr gSaA
zzbysDVªkWfuDl cckZnh Hkh [krjukd nj ls c<+ jgh gS vkSj bZ&vif'k"V Bksl vif'k"V èkkjk eas lcls rsth ls c<+rs gq,
en gSA bZ&vif'k"V [krjukd jlk;u gksrs gSa_ blfy;s i;kZoj.k ds bZ&dpjs dk vuqdwyu Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ftEesnkjh gSA
dqN lkexzh@?kVdksa ds fodkl vkSj b"Vre mi;skx gsrq fuEufyf[kr izfØ;kvksa@izkS|ksfxfd;ksa }kjk dke fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzFkhu fiQYe isLV lkexzh (izfrjksèkksa] ladj vkSj lkSj dksf'kdk,a)
zziQksliQksj (ihMhih,l] lisQn ,y-bZ-Mh)
zzlsalj] bysDVªkWfuDl midj.k vkSj iSdsftax
zzbysDVªkWfuDl vif'k"V izcaèku rduhd
zzvkWfIVdy iQkbcj lapkj
zztSo iQksVksfuDl ds fy;s feV~Vh ds cjru
zzxzhu iQksVksfuDl
zzfo'ks"k vkWfIVdy iQkbcj&ihlh,iQ (iQksVksfud fØLVy iQkbcj)
zzvkWIVksbysDVªkWfud iSdsftax
zzuSuks iQksVksfuDl
zziQksVksfuDl
zziQksVksfuDl lsalj ds fy;s ikWfyej vkfnA
DokaVe vkWIVksbysDVªkWfud (Quantum Optoelectronic)

IIT eækl ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us f}foeh; fiQYe (Dimensional Film) ij xksYM ds uSuksd.kksa (Nanoparticles) dh
Mªki&dkfLVax djds VaxLVu MkbZlsysukbM (Tungsten Diselenide-WSe2) ds vkWIVks&bysDVªkWfud xq.kksa (vkWfIVDl vkSj
bysDVªkWfuDl dk la;kstu) esa yxHkx 30 xquk rd o`f¼ djus ds mik; dh •kst dh gSA ,d ljy çfØ;k esa ,d
vèk%Lrj (substrate) ij fdlh foy;u dks cwan&cwan djds Vdjkus@fxjkus dh çfØ;k dks MªkWi dkfLVax dgk tkrk gSA
mYys•uh; gS fd bl vè;;u dk lcls pqukSrhiw.kZ igyw dejs ds rkieku ij 100 dsfYou rd bu inkFkks± dk fu;af=kr
iQksVksyqfeuslsal (Photoluminescence) eki djuk FkkA
çeq• fcanq (Major Points)

zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa
}kjk fd;k x;k ;g 'kksèk ,IykbM fiQftDl ysVlZ (Applied Physics Letters) uked foKku if=kdk esa
çdkf'kr gqvk gSA
zzVaxLVu MkbZlsysukbM (WSe2) vkSj eksfyCMsue MkbZlsysukbM (MoSe2) tSls inkFkks± dk muds vkWIVks&bysDVªkWfud xq.kksa
(Opto-Electronic Properties) ds fo'ys"k.k ds fy;s xgu vè;;u fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzbu inkFkks± dk ,d çeq• xq.k çdk'k lanhfIr@iQksVksyqfeuslsal (Photoluminescence-PL) gS] ftlesa inkFkZ çdk'k dks
vo'kksf"kr djrk gS vkSj bls LisDVªe ds :i esa fiQj ls mRlftZr djrk gSA
f}foeh; inkFkZ (Two-dimensional Material)

zzijek.kqvksa
dh okLrfod :i esa ,d ijr ls feydj cuus okys inkFkZ dh lajpuk nks vk;keh@f}foeh; (Two-
dimensional) gksrh gSaA
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zziQksVksyqfeuslsal
xq.kksa dk mi;ksx fofHkUu midj.kksa tSls fd DokaVe LED rFkk mi;ksx lapkj vkSj vfHkdyu (Computation)
esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzv¼Zpkydksa esa bysDVªkWu ÅtkZ cSaM ds :i esa tqM+s jgrs gSa ftls la;kstdrk cSaM (Valance Band) dgk tkrk gS vkSj
;s bysDVªkWu ds pkyu esa ;ksxnku djrs gSaA ijarq] tSls gh buesa ckgj ls dqN ÅtkZ lapkfyr@viokfgr dh tkrh gS
ftls pkyu cSaM (Conduction Band) dgk tkrk gS] rks ;s v¼Zpkyd vLFkkbZ gks ldrs gSa vkSj pkjksa rjiQ ls pkyu
esa ;ksxnku dj ldrs gSaA
,DlkbVkWu (Exciton)
zztc ,d bysDVªkWu pkyu@laogu cSaM ds rgr la;kstdrk ls fudyrk gS] rks ;g ihNs ,d çfrNk;k NksM+ tkrk gS
ftls ^gksy* (Hole) dgrs gSaA pkyu cSaM ds bysDVªkWu vkSj la;kstdrk cSaM ds gksy ,d lkFk feydj ,d cSaM cuk
ldrs gSa] ftlls ,d la?kfVr oLrq (Composite Object) ;k NÁd.k (Pseudoparticle) dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS ftls
,DlkbVkWu ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA VaxLVu lsysukbM esa iQksVksyqfeuslsal ,sls gh ,DlkbVkWUl dk ,d ifj.kke gSA
zz,DlkbVkWu dk fuekZ.k nks rjhdksa ls gks ldrk gSA igyk tc fdlh ?kVd esa bysDVªkWu vkSj gksy dk pØ.k (Spin)
,d&nwljs ds foijhr fn'kk esa gks vkSj nwljk tc os ,d gh fn'kk esa lajsf•r gksaA igyh fLFkfr esa cuus okys ,DlkbVkWu
czkbV ,DlkbVkWu (Bright Exciton) vkSj nwljh fLFkfr esa cuus okys ,DlkbVkWu dks MkdZ ,DlkbVkWu (Dark Exciton)
dgk tkrk gSA
zzpw¡fd czkbV ,DlkbVkWu cukus okys bysDVªkWu vkSj gksy ,d nwljs&dh foijhr fn'kk esa pØ.k djrs gSa] vr% ;s iqu%
la;ksftr gksdj dkiQh ek=kk esa çdk'k mRlftZr djrs gSaA ysfdu iqulZa;kstu dk ;g rjhdk MkdZ ,DlkbVkWu ds fy;s
miyCèk ugha gSA
zzpw¡fd bysDVªkWu vkSj gksy ds pØ.k ,d&nwljs lekukarj gksrs gSa] muds iqulZa;kstu dks dks.kh; laosx laj{k.k ds fu;e
(Rule of Conservation of Angular Momentum) ls grksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA blfy;s MkdZ ,DlkbVkWu] czkbV
,DlkbVkWu dh rqyuk esa yacs le; rd cus jgrs gSaA
zzMkdZ ,DlkbVkWu dks iqulZa;kstu esa enn djus ds fy;s cká çHkko dh vko';drk gksrh gSA IIT eækl ds 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa
us bUgh cká çHkkoksa dk irk yxkus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA
xksYM dh {kerk
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd tc xksYM ds uSuksd.kksa dks ,dy Lrjh; VaxLVu MkbZlsysukbM dh lrg ij Mªki
dkLV fd;k tkrk gS rks lrg ij ij MkdZ ,DlkbVkWUl ds ;qXe dh mRifÙk gksrh gS tks çdk'k mRlftZr djus ds fy;s
iqulZa;ksftr gksrs gSaA bl çdkj xksYM ds uSuksd.kksa dh enn ls MkdZ ,DlkbVkWUl dks czkbV ,DlkbVkWUl esa cny tkrs gSaA
zzxksYM ds uSuksd.kksa ds dkj.k mRiUu IykLeksfud çHkko (Plasmonic effect) ,d çfl¼ voèkkj.kk gSA ysfdu] f}foeh;
ç.kkyh ds fy;s bldk mi;ksx vHkh u;k gSA
zzoSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj ;fn ,dy Lrjh; (Monolayer) VaxLVu MkbZlsysukbM ij xksYM ds uSuksd.kksa dks Mªki&dkLV fd;k
tk,xk rks ;g IykLeksfud çHkko ds dkj.k leryh; fonqrh; {ks=k mRiUu djsxk tks pkyu cSaM ds bysDVªkWuksa ds pØ.k
dks mlh fLFkfr esa cuk, j•us esa enn dj ldrk gS] blls MkdZ ,DlkbVkWu] czkbV ,DlkbVkWu esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSaA
bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k çksRlkgu gsrq ;kstuk,¡

(Scheme for Promotion of Electronics Manufacturing)
bysDVªkWfudh vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kh jfo'kadj çlkn }kjk ns'k esa bysDVªkWfuDl mRiknksa ds O;kid iSekus ij fofuekZ.k
dks c<+kok nsus gsrq rhu çksRlkgu ;kstuk,¡ 'kq: dh xbZA bu rhuksa ;kstukvksa ds fy;s yxHkx 50]000 djksM+ #i, dh
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vko';drk gSA ;s ;kstuk,¡ ?kjsyw bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k m|ksx ds le{k ekStwnk pqukSfr;ksa dks lekIr djsaxh vkSj ns'k esa
bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k ra=k dks etcwr cuk,axhA mDr o"kZ 2025 rd 5 fVªfy;u MkWyj GDP ds y{; esa mYys•uh;
;ksxnu nsaxhA vuqeku ds vuqlkj] bu ;kstukvksa ls yxHkx 5 çR;{k vkSj 15 yk• vçR;{k jkstxkj l`ftr gksaxsA
mRiknu fyaDM çksRlkgu ;kstuk (Production Linked Incentive Scheme)

zzHkkjr dk ?kjsyw bysDVªkWfuDl gkMZos;j fofuekZ.k {ks=k i;kZIr cqfu;knh <k¡ps vkSj ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ dh deh rFkk foÙk dh
mPp ykxr] lhfer fMtkbu {kerkvksa vkSj dkS'ky fodkl esa vi;kZIrrk ds dkj.k ruko dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd jk"‍Vªh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr&2019 esa lHkh egÙoiw.kZ ?kVdksa dks ns'k esa fodflr djus dh {kerk dks
çksR‍lkfgr dj vkSj fo'‍o L‍rj ij çfrLi¼kZ djus gsrq m|ksx ds fy;s vuqdwy ekgkSy cuk dj Hkkjr dks ^bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l
flL‍Ve fMtkbu ,aM eSU‍;qiQSD‍pfjax (Electronics System Design and Manufacturing-ESDM)’ ds ,d oSf'od
dsaæ ds :i esa L‍Fkkfir djus dh ifjdY‍iuk dh xbZ gSA
zzmRiknu fyaDM çksRlkgu ;kstuk (PLI) ds rgr ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsus vkSj eksckby iQksu fuekZ.k rFkk fufnZ"V
bysDVªkWfud ?kVdksa esa O;kid fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s mRiknu ls tqM+s çksRlkgu çnku djrh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ls Hkkjr esa bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k dks dkiQh c<+kok feysxk vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij bysDVªkWfuDl {ks=k esa
Hkkjr dks ,d ubZ igpku fey ldsxhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr Hkkjr esa fufeZr vkSj yf{kr {ks=kksa esa 'kkfey oLrqvksa dh o`f¼'khy fcØh (vkèkkj o"kZ) ij ik=k
daifu;ksa dks 5 o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s 4&6 çfr'kr rd dh çksRlkgu jkf'k nh tk,xhA
bysDVªkWfud daiksusaV ,oa lsehdaMDVjksa ds fofuekZ.k ds lao¼Zu gsrq ;kstuk

(Scheme for Promotion of Manufacturing of Electronic Components
and Semiconductors)
zzmPp ?kjsyw ewY; lao¼Zu ds lkFk bysDVªkWfud mRiknksa ds fofuekZ.k ds fy;s vkiwfrZ Jà•yk dk fodkl vko';d gSA
zzbysDVªkfud ?kVd bysDVªkWfuDl m|ksx dh cqfu;knh bdkbZ gksrs gSa vkSj blesa vfèkdre ewY;o¼Zu gksrk gSA
zzblfy;s Hkkjr esa bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k ds lexz nh?kZdkfyd vkSj lrr~ fodkl gsrq ,d thoar bysDVªkWfud ?kVd
fofuekZ.k ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ gSA
zzbysDVªkWfud daiksusaV ,oa lsehdaMDVjksa ds fofuekZ.k ds lao¼Zu gsrq ;g ;kstuk ns'k esa bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k ikfjfLFkfrdh
ra=k dks etcwr djus ds fy;s bysDVªkWfud daiksusaV ,oa lsehdaMDVjksa ds ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k ls lacafèkr ckèkkvksa dks de
djus esa enn djsxhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr dqN fuf'pr bysDVªkWfud lkekuksa ds fy;s iwathxr O;; ij 25 çfr'kr foÙkh; çksRlkgu çnku
fd;k tk,xkA
zz;g ;kstuk ubZ bdkb;ksa esa fuos'k vkSj ekStwnk bdkb;ksa dh {kerk foLrkj rFkk vkèkqfudhdj.k@fofoèkhdj.k ij ykxw gksxhA
ykHk (Advantages)
zzbl ;kstuk ds ifj.kke Lo:i ns'k ds bysDVªkWfuDl {ks=k (Electronics sector) esa yxHkx 20]000 djksM+ #i, ds
fuos'k dk vuqeku gSA
zzdsaæh; lapkj] bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kh ds vuqlkj] bl ;kstuk ls ns'k esa bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa ds
fofuekZ.k ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dk fodkl gksxkA
zzSPECS ;kstuk bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa vkSj vèkZpkydksa@lsehdaMDVjksa (Semiconductor) ds ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k dh orZeku
pqukSfr;ksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;d gksxhA
220
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr bysDVªkWfuDl {ks=k esa ubZ fofuekZ.k bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk ls bl {ks=k esa çR;{k vkSj vçR;{k :i
ls cM+h ek=kk esa jkstxkj ds u, volj mRiUu gksaxsA
zz,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj] bl ;kstuk ds rgr lgk;rk çkIr fofuekZ.k bdkb;ksa esa yxHkx 1]50]000 çR;{k jkstxkj ds
volj mRiUu fd;s tk,axsA lkFk gh bysDVªkWfuDl ls tqM+s gq, vU; {ks=kksa esa bl ;kstuk ds ifj.kkeLo:i 4]50]000
vçR;{k jkstxkj ds u, volj mRiUu fd;s tkus dk vuqeku gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr cM+s iSekus ij LFkkuh; fofuekZ.k ls bysDVªkWfud ?kVdksa vkSj lsehdaMDVjksa dh t#jr dks iwjk djus
ds fy;s vU; ns'kksa ls gksus okys vk;kr ij fuHkZjrk dks de fd;k tk ldsxkA
zzbysDVªkWfud ?kVdksa vkSj lsehdaMDVjksa dh LFkkuh; mRiknu rFkk vkiwfrZ ls ns'k dh fMftVy lqj{kk (Digital Security)
esa o`f¼ gksxhA
zz;g ;kstuk eksckby bysDVªkWfuDl] miHkksÙkQk bysDVªkWfuDl] vkS|ksfxd bysDVªkWfuDl] eksVj okgu bysDVªkWfuDl] fpfdRlk
bysDVªkWfuDl] nwjlapkj midj.k vkSj daI;wVj gkMZos;j tSls bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k vkfn {ks=kksa ds fodkl esa lgk;rk
çnku djsxhA
zz,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2020 ds var rd Hkkjrh; ^bysDVªkWfud flLVe fMtkbu vkSj fofuekZ.k* cktkj yxHkx
400 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd igq¡p tk,xk] ftlesa fliQZ lsehdaMDVj m|ksx 26-75 dh o`f¼ nj ds lkFk yxHkx
58 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj rd igq¡p tk,xkA Hkkjr lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh vkSj lkWÝVos;j rduhdh esa nqfu;k ds vxz.kh
ns'kksa esa ls ,d gS] ijarq mPp dksfV ds gkMZos;j ds fuekZ.k esa Hkkjr mruk liQy ugha jgk gSA ,sls esa ljdkj dh bl
igy ls Hkkjr esa bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l {ks=k ds fodkl ds fy;s ,d etcwr ra=k dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldsxk ftlls Hkfo";
esa bysDVªkWfud mRiknksa dh ykxr esa deh ds lkFk bl {ks=k esa jkstxkj ds u, volj mRiUu fd;s tk ldsaxsA lkFk gh
bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l {ks=k LFkkuh; {kerk ds fodkl ls oSf'od cktkj esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr dks etcwrh çnku dh tk ldsxhA
la'kksfèkr bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k DyLVj (bZ,elh 2-0) ;kstuk

(Modified Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC 2-0) Scheme)
zzxq.koÙkkiw.kZ
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks ysdj m|ksx ds le{k ekStwnk pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus vkSj Hkkjr dks bysDVªkWfuDl
fofuekZ.k gc cukus gsrq ns'k esa ,d etcwr bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k fodflr djus gsrq la'kksfèkr
bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k DyLVj (bZ,elh 2-0) ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA bldk mís'; m|ksx dh dfe;ksa dks lacksfèkr
djuk vkSj fo'o Lrj ds cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fuekZ.k dks leFkZu çnku djuk gSA
zz;g ;kstuk vkiwfrZ Jà•yk esa tokcnsgh dks c<+kdj vkiwfrZdÙkkZvksa ds lesdu vkSj ykWftfLVDl dh ykxr de djds
?kjsyw vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj ds eè; lacaèk dks etcwr djsxhA
Hkkjr esa bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k (Electronics Manufacturing in India)

zzbysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k dk lao¼Zu êsd bu bafM;k* dk;ZØe dk ,d çeq• ?kVd jgk gSA ljdkj }kjk bl lanHkZ esa
fd;s x, fofHkUu ç;klksa dk gh ifj.kke gS fd Hkkjr dk bysDVªkWfuDl mRiknu 2014 ds 29 fcfy;u MkWyj ls c<+dj
o"kZ 2019 esa 70 fcfy;u MkWyj rd igq¡p x;k gSA
bl vofèk ds nkSjku eksckby iQksu fofuekZ.k dh c<+ksrjh fo'ks"k :i ls mYys•uh; jgh gSA
zztgk¡ ,d vksj o"kZ 2014 esa Hkkjr esa dsoy nks eksckby iQSfDVª;ksa dh rqyuk esa vc Hkkjr fo'o esa nwljk lcls cM+k
eksckby iQksu mRiknd ns'k cu x;k gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2018&19 esa eksckby gSaMlsVksa dk mRiknu 29 djksM+ bdkb;ksa
rd igq¡p x;k tks 1-70 yk• djksM+ #i, ds cjkcj gSA tgk¡ foÙkh; o"kZ 2014&15 esa ns'k esa bysDVªkWfuDl dk
fu;kZr 38]263 djksM+ #i, dk Fkk] ogha foÙkh; o"kZ 2018&19 esa ;g c<+dj 61]908 djksM+ #i, rd igq¡p x;kA
oSf'od bysDVªkWfuDl mRiknu esa o"kZ 2012 esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk dsoy 1-3 çfr'kr Fkk tks fd o"kZ 2018 esa c<+dj
3 çfr'kr rd igq¡p x;k gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jk"‍Vªh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr&2019 (National Policy on Electronics-2019)
zzçèkkuea=kh dh vè‍;{krk esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us bys‍D‍VªkWfuD‍l ,oa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; (Ministry of Electronics
and Information Technology-MeitY) }kjk çL‍rkfor jk"‍Vªh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr 2019 (National Policy on
Electronics-NPE 2019) dks viuh L‍ohÑfr ns nh gSA
zzbl uhfr esa fpi lsVksa lfgr egÙoiw.kZ ?kVdksa dks ns'k esa fodflr djus dh {kerk dks çksR‍lkfgr dj vkSj fo'‍o
L‍rj ij çfrL‍ièkkZ djus gsrq m|ksx ds fy;s vuqdwy ekgkSy cuk dj Hkkjr dks ^bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l flL‍Ve fMtkbu ,aM
eSU‍;qiQSD‍pfjax (Electronics System Design and Manufacturing&ESDM)’ ds ,d oSf'od dsaæ ds :i esa L‍Fkkfir
djus dh ifjdY‍iuk dh xbZ gSA
izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ (Major Features)

oSf'od L‍rj ij çfrLi¼hZ ESDM lsD‍Vj ds fy;s vuqdwy ekgkSy cuk;k tk,xkA ESDM dh lewph ewY‍; Jà•yk
(Value Chain) esa ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k vkSj fu;kZr dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA çeq• bysD‍VªkWfud dyiqtks± (components) ds
fofuekZ.k ds fy;s çksR‍lkgu ,oa lgk;rk nh tk,xhA ,slh esxk ifj;kstuk,¡ tks vR‍;ar gkbZ&Vsd gSa vkSj ftuesa Hkkjh&Hkjde
fuos'k dh t:jr gksrh gSa] dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s fo'ks"k iSdst fn;k tk,xk] buesa lseh daMD‍Vj (Semiconductor)
lqfoèkk,¡] fML‍I‍ys iQSfczds'ku (Display Fabrication) bR‍;kfn 'kkfey gSaA ubZ ;wfuVksa dks c<+kok nsus vkSj orZeku ;wfuVksa ds
foL‍rkj ds fy;s mi;qD‍r ;kstuk,¡ rS;kj dj mUgsa çksR‍lkgu fn;k tk,xkA bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l ds lHkh mi&{ks=kksa esa m|ksx dh
vxqokbZ esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl (Industry-led R-D) vkSj uokpkj dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA buesa cqfu;knh ;k tehuh
L‍rj ds uokpkj vkSj mHkjrs çkS|ksfxdh {ks=k tSls fd 5G] IoT@lsalj] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk (Artificial Intelligence-AI)]
e'khu yfuZxa ] opZvq y fj;Y‍Vh (Virtual Reality-VR)] Mªkus ] jkscksfVD‍l] ,fMfVo eSU‍;qiQSD‍pfjax ( Additive Manufacturing)]
iQksVksfuD‍l (Photonics)] uSuks vkèkkfjr midj.k (Nano-based devices) bR‍;kfn çkjafHkd pj.k okys L‍VkVZ&vI‍l Hkh
'kkfey gSaA dq'ky Jecy dh miyC‍èkrk esa mY‍ys•uh; o`f¼ ds fy;s çksR‍lkgu vkSj lgk;rk nh tk,xhA blesa dkexkjksa
ds dkS'ky dks fiQj ls lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA iQScysl fpi fMtkbu m|ksx (Fabless Chip Design Industry)]
esfMdy bysD‍VªkWfud midj.k m|ksx] vkWVkseksfVo bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l m|ksx vkSj eksfcfyVh ,oa j.kuhfrd bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l m|ksx ds
fy;s ikoj bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tk,xkA ESDM {ks=k esa IPs ds fodkl ,oa vfèkxzg.k dks c<+kok nsus ds
fy;s lkWojsu is‍VsaV iQaM (Sovereign Patent Fund-SPF) cuk;k tk,xkA jk"‍Vªh; lkbcj lqj{kk O‍;oL‍Fkk dks csgrj djus
ds fy;s fo'‍oluh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l ewY‍; Jà•yk ls tqM+h igyksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
mn~ns'; (Object)
zzo"kZ 2025 rd 400 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (yxHkx 26]00]000 djksM+ #i,) dk dkjksckj gkfly djus gsrq vkfFkZd
fodkl ds fy;s ESDM dh lewph ewY; Jà•yk esa ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k vkSj fu;kZr dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
zzblesa o"kZ 2025 rd 190 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (yxHkx 13]00]000 djksM+ #i,) ewY‍; ds ,d fcfy;u
(100 djksM+) eksckby gSaMlsVksa ds mRiknu dk y{; 'kkfey gSA
zzblesa fu;kZr ds fy;s 100 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj (yxHkx 7]00]000 djksM+ #i,) ewY‍; ds 600 fefy;u (60 djksM+)
eksckby gSaMlsVksa dk mR‍iknu djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
çeq• çHkko (Main Impact)

zzNPE 2019 dks dk;kZfUor djus ij blesa ifjdfYir jksMeSi ds vuqlkj lacafèkr ea=kky;ksa@foHkkxksa ds ijke'kZ ls ns'k esa
ESDM lsD‍Vj ds fodkl ds fy;s vusd ;kstukvksa] igyksa] ifj;kstukvksa bR‍;kfn dks ewrZ :i nsus dk ekxZ ç'kL‍r gksxkA
222
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzblls Hkkjr esa fuos'k ,oa çkS|ksfxdh dk çokg lqfuf'pr gksxk] ftlls ns'k esa gh fufeZr bysD‍VªkWfud mR‍iknksa ds t~;knk
ewY;o¼Zu vkSj bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l gkMZos;j ds {ks=k esa vfèkd mR‍iknu ds lkFk&lkFk muds fu;kZr dk ekxZ Hkh ç'kL‍r gksxkA
blds vykok] cM+h la[‍;k esa jkstxkj ds volj Hkh l`ftr gksaxsA
i`"‍BHkwfe (Background)
zzjk"‍Vªh;
bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr 2012 (NPE-2012) ds rÙokoèkku esa fofHkU‍u ;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa ds dk;kZU‍o;u ls ,d
çfrLi¼hZ Hkkjrh; ESDM oSY‍;w psu ls tqM+h uhao liQyrkiwoZd etcwr gks xbZ gSA
zzNPE 2019 esa bl uhao dks vkSj etcwr djus dk çL‍rko fd;k x;k gS] rkfd ns'k esa ESDM m|ksx ds fodkl dh
xfr rst dh tk ldsA jk"‍Vªh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr 2019 (NPE-2019) us jk"‍Vªh; bysD‍VªkWfuD‍l uhfr 2012 (NPE-
2012) dk L‍Fkku fy;k gSA
bZ&f'k{kk (E–shiksha)
fiNys rhu n'kdksa esa thou ds gj {ks=k esa lwpuk vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh lsokvksa dk dkiQh foLrkj gqvk gSA f'k{kk
{ks=k Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA çkphu xq#dqy rFkk vkJe dh okfpd ijaijk ls gksrs gq, f'k{kk us vusd lksiku r;
fd;s gSaA fiNyh lnh ds dekscs'k ikjaifjd ';keiV rFkk •fM+;k feêðh (pkWd) ds nkSj ls xqtjrs gq, bDdhloha lnh ds
bl nwljs n'kd esa iBu&ikBu dk lewpk ifjn`'; cgqr cny pqdk gSA vkt dh Ldwyh f'k{kk uo;qxhu lkèkuksa rFkk
;qfÙkQ;ksa ls lqlfTtr gksrh tk jgh gSA lkèkkj.k CySdcksMZ dh txg LekVZcksMZ us ys yh gS rFkk fofoèk çdkj ds ekdZj isu
us •fM+;k feêðh (pkWd) dk LFkku ys fy;k gSA bafxr djus ds fy;s bLrseky gksus okyh fLVd dk LFkku ystj ikWbaVj us
ys fy;k gSA LykbM çkstsDVj rFkk ,ylhMh çkstsDVj vc gj d{kk dh vfuok;Z vko';drk curs tk jgs gSaA
f'k{kk esa n`';JO; ç.kkyh dk çpyu mÙkjksÙkj c<+rk tk jgk gSA lqxe rFkk csgrj çLrqfrdj.k ds fy;s Vp LØhu
okys cksMZ vc Ldwyksa esa bLrseky fd;s tk jgs gSaA f'k{k.k ç.kkyh ds rkSj&rjhdksa esa cgqr rsth ls cnyko gks jgk gSA
COVID-19 egkekjh ds c<+rs çHkko dks jksdus ds fy;s ykxw fd;s x, ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k Ldwy] dkWyst vkSj
fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk çfrdwy :i ls çHkkfor gks jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i f'k{kk vc rsth ls bZ&f'k{kk dh vksj vxzlj
gks jgh gSA
bZ&f'k{kk dk vFkZ ,oa izdkj (Meaning and Kinds of E-shiksha)

zzbZ&f'k{kk ls rkRi;Z vius LFkku ij gh baVjusV o vU; lapkj midj.kksa dh lgk;rk ls çkIr dh tkus okyh f'k{kk ls gSA
zzbZ&f'k{kk ds fofHkUu :i gSa] ftlesa osc vkèkkfjr yfuZax] eksckby vkèkkfjr yfuZax ;k daI;wVj vkèkkfjr yfuZax vkSj
opZqvy Dykl:e bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA vkt ls tc dbZ o"kZ igys bZ&f'k{kk dh voèkkj.kk vkbZ Fkh] rks nqfu;k blds
çfr mruh lgt ugha Fkh] ijarq le; ds lkFk gh bZ&f'k{kk us laiw.kZ 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk esa viuk LFkku cuk fy;k gSA
bZ&f'k{kk dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
flaØksul (Synchronous) vflaØksul (Asynchronous)
zzflaØksul 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk% bl 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk ls rkRi;Z gS fd ^,d gh le; esa* vFkkZr fo|kFkhZ vkSj f'k{kd
vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ls ,d nwljs ls 'kSf{kd laokn djrs gSaA bl rjg ls fdlh fo"k; dks lh•us ij fo|kFkhZ vius
ç'uksa dk rRdky mÙkj tku ikrs gSa] ftlls muds ml fo"k; ls lacafèkr lansg Hkh nwj gks tkrs gSaA blh dkj.k ls bls
fj;y Vkbe yfuZax Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl çdkj dh bZ&yfuZax O;oLFkk esa dbZ vkWuykbu midj.k dh enn ls Nk=kksa
dks LVMh eVhfj;y miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA flaØksul bZ&'kSf{kd O;oLFkk ds dqN mnkgj.kksa esa vkWfM;ks vkSj ohfM;ks
dkWUÚsaflax] ykbo pkSV rFkk opZqvy Dykl:e vkfn 'kkfey gSaA ;s rjhds chrs dqN o"kkZs esa vfèkd yksdfç; gks x, gSaA
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zzvflaØksul 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk% bl 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk ls rkRi;Z gS fd ^,d le; esa ugha* vFkkZr ;gk¡ fo|kFkhZ vkSj
f'k{kd ds chp okLrfod le; esa 'kSf{kd laokn djus dk dksbZ fodYi ugha gSA bl O;oLFkk esa ikB~Øe ls lacafèkr
tkudjh igys gh miyCèk gksrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s osc vkèkkfjr vè;;u] ftlesa fo|kFkhZ fdlh vkWuykbu dkslZ]
CykWx] osclkbV] ohfM;ks VÔqVksfjvYl] bZ&cqDl bR;kfn dh enn ls f'k{kk çkIr djrs gSaA bl rjg dh bZ&'kSf{kd O;oLFkk
dk lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd fo|kFkhZ fdlh Hkh le;] tc pkgs rc 'kSf{kd ikBÔØeksa rd igq¡p ldrs gSaA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd Nk=kksa dk ,d cM+k oxZ vflaØksul 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk ds ekè;e ls viuh i<+kbZ djuk ilan djrk gSA
bZ&f'k{kk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Features of E-shiksha)

zzbZ&f'k{kk dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;s gS fd Nk=k viuh lgwfy;r ds fglkc ls fdlh Hkh le; vkSj dgha ij Hkh viuk
'kSf{kd dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA vFkkZr bl 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk esa le; vkSj LFkku dh dksbZ ikcanh ugha gSA
zzbZ&f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls Nk=k osc vkèkkfjr LVMh eVhfj;y dks vfuf'pr dky rd ,Dlsl dj ldrs gS vkSj ckj&ckj
ns• dj blds tfVy igywvksa dks le> ldrs gSaA
zzbZ&f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls i<+kbZ djuk dkiQh gn rd de ykxr okyh gksrh gSA D;ksafd Nk=kksa dks iqLrdsa ;k fdlh
nwljs LVMh eVhfj;y ij iSlk •pZ ugha djuk iM+rk gSA
zzbZ&f'k{kk i;kZoj.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh ykHknk;d gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ tkudkjh dks fdrkc ds ctk; osc vkèkkfjr ,i o
iksVZy ij LVksj fd;k tkrk gSA ftlls dkxt ds fuekZ.k gsrq isM+ksa dh dVkbZ ij jksd yxrh gS vkSj gekjs i;kZoj.k
dks cpkus esa enn feyrh gSA
zzbZ&f'k{kk baVjusV vkSj daI;wVj dkS'ky dk Kku fodflr djrk gS tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius thou vkSj dfj;j ds {ks=k
esa vkxs c<+us esa enn djsxkA
zzbZ&f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls Nk=k u, dkS'ky lh•us ij è;ku dsafær dj ldrs gSaA
bZ&f'k{kk dh jkg esa pqukSfr;k¡ (Challenges in the Way of E-shiksha)

zzfcuk vkRe vuq'kklu ;k vPNs laxBukRed dkS'ky ds vHkko esa fo|kFkhZ bZ&f'k{kk eksM esa dh tkus okyh i<+kbZ esa
fiNM+ ldrs gSaA
zzNk=k fcuk fdlh f'k{kd vkSj lgikfB;ksa ds vdsyk eglwl dj ldrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i os volkn ls ihfM+r gks
ldrs gSaA
zz•jkc baVjusV dusD'ku ;k iqjkus daI;wVj] ikBÔØe ,Dlsl djus okyh lkexzh dks fujk'kktud cuk ldrs gSaA
zzHkkjr esa csgrj baVjusV dusfDVfoVh dk vHkko o baVjusV dh de xfr bZ&f'k{kk dh jkg esa lcls cM+h pqukSrh gSA
zzopZqvy Dykl:e esa çSfDVdy ;k ySc odZ djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA
zzHkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 'kgjh {ks=kksa dh Hkkafr fo|qr O;oLFkk dk vHkko gS] tks bZ&f'k{kk esa #dkoV cu ldrh gSA
Hkkjr esa bZ&f'k{kk dh fLFkfr (Status of E-shiksha in India)

zzbZ&f'k{kk] bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; }kjk 'kS{kf.kd midj.kksa vkSj lapkj ekè;eksa dk mi;ksx djrs
gq, f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy;s igpkus tkus okys çeq• {ks=kksa esa ls ,d gSA oLrqr% vHkh Hkkjr esa bZ&f'k{kk vius
'kS'kokoLFkk esa gSA
zzbZ&f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ljdkj us fofHkUu bZ&yfuZax dk;ZØeksa dk leFkZu fd;k gSA bysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk
çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; bls c<+kok nsus ds fy;s lfØ; :i ls midj.k vkSj rduhd fodflr djus ij cy ns jgk gSA
zzbysDVªkWfuDl vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa bZ&f'k{kk ij dsafær 'kksèk ,oa vuqlaèkku
ifj;kstukvksa dks çksRlkfgr dj jgk gSA buesa nwjLFk f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls lk{kjrk esa lqèkkj ds fy;s ikBÔ lkexzh
fodkl] 'kksèk ,oa vuqlaèkku igy] ekuo lalkèku fodkl ls tqM+h ifj;kstuk,¡ vkSj ladk; çf'k{k.k igy 'kkfey gSaA
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zzo"kZ 2025 rd Hkkjr esa baVjusV mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dh la[;k 900 fefy;u rd igq¡pus dh mEehn gS] Hkkjr esa bZ&f'k{kk
ds {ks=k esa ,d fo'kky cktkj rS;kj gksus dh laHkkouk,¡ gSaA cM+h la[;k esa u, mi;ksxdÙkkZ baVjusV o vU; lapkj
midj.kksa ds ekè;e ls bZ&f'k{kk rd igq¡p jgs gSaA
bZ&f'k{kk c<+kus gsrq ljdkj ds ç;kl (Government’s Efforts to Increase of E-shiskha)

Lo;a (SWAYAM)
zzLVMh osCl vkWiQ ,fDVo yfuZax iQkWj ;ax ,Lik;fjax ekbaM~l (SWAYAM) ,d ,dhÑr eap gS tks Ldwy (9oha&
12oha) ls ysdj LukrdksÙkj Lrj rd vkWuykbu ikBÔØe çnku djrk gSA
zzvc rd SWAYAM ij 2769 cM+s iSekus ds vkWuykbu dkslZst (Massive Open Online Courses- MOOC) cM+s
iSekus ij vksiu vkWuykbu ikBÔØe) dh is'kd'k dh xbZ gS] ftlesa yxHkx 1-02 djksM+ Nk=kksa us fofHkUu ikBÔØeksa
esa nkf•yk fy;k gSA
zzvkWuykbu ikBÔØeksa dk mi;ksx u dsoy Nk=kksa }kjk cfYd f'k{kdksa vkSj xSj&Nk=k f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa }kjk Hkh thou esa dHkh
Hkh lh•us ds :i esa fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzNCERT d{kk IX-XII rd ds fy;s 12 fo"k;ksa esa Ldwy f'k{kk ç.kkyh gsrq cM+s iSekus ij vkWuykbu ikBÔØeksa
(Massive Open Online Courses- MOOCs) dk ekWMÔwy fodflr dj jgk gSA
Lo;a çHkk (SWAYAM Prabha)

zz;g 24×7 vkèkkj ij ns'k esa lHkh txg Mk;jsDV Vw gkse (Direct to Home- DTH) ds ekè;e ls 32 mPp xq.koÙkk
okys 'kSf{kd pkSuy çnku djus dh ,d igy gSA
zzblesa ikBÔØe vkèkkfjr ikBÔ lkexzh gksrh gS tks fofoèk fo"k;ksa dks doj djrh gSA
zzbldk çkFkfed mís'; xq.koÙkk okys f'k{k.k lalkèkuksa dks nwjnjkt ds ,sls {ks=kksa rd igq¡pkuk gS tgk¡ baVjusV dh
miyCèkrk vHkh Hkh ,d pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gSA
jk"Vªh; fMftVy ykbczsjh (National Digital Library)
Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; fMftVy ykbczsjh (National Digital Library of India-NDL) ,d ,dy&f•M+dh •kst lqfoèkk
(Single-Window Search Facility) ds rgr lh•us ds lalkèkuksa ds vkHkk"kh HkaMkj dk ,d <k¡pk fodflr djus dh
ifj;kstuk gSA
zzblds ekè;e ls ;gk¡ 3 djksM+ ls vfèkd fMftVy lalkèku miyCèk gSaA
zzyxHkx 20 yk• lfØ; mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa ds lkFk 50 yk• ls vfèkd Nk=kksa us blesa viuk iathdj.k djk;k gSA
Liksdu VÔwVksfj;y (Spoken Tutorial)

zzNk=kksa dh jkstxkj {kerk dks csgrj cukus ds fy;s vksiu lkslZ lkWÝVos;j ij 10 feuV ds vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ks VÔwVksfj;y
miyCèk gSaA
zz;g lHkh 22 Hkk"kkvksa dh miyCèkrk ds lkFk vkWuykbu laLdj.k gS tks Lo;a lh•us ds fy;s cuk;k x;k gSA
zzLiksdu VÔwVksfj;y ds ekè;e ls fcuk f'k{kd dh mifLFkfr ds ikBÔØe dks çHkkoh :i ls u, mi;ksxdÙkkZ dks
çf'kf{kr djus ds fy;s fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSA
f'k{kk ds fy;s fu%'kqYd vkSj vksiu lkslZ lkWÝVos;j (Free and Open Source Software for Education)
zz;g f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa vksiu lkslZ lkWÝVos;j ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus okyh ,d ifj;kstuk gSA
zzblesa f'k{k.k dk;Z] tSls fd Liksdu VÔwVksfj;Yl] MkWD;wesaVs'ku] tkx:drk dk;ZØe] ;Fkk dkWUÚsal] Vªsfuax odZ'kkWi
bR;kfn baVuZf'ki ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbl ifj;kstuk esa yxHkx 2]000 dkWyst ds Nk=kksa vkSj f'k{kdksa us bl xfrfofèk esa Hkkx fy;k gSA

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opZqvy ySc (Virtual Lab)
zzbl çkstsDV dk mi;ksx çkIr Kku dh le> dk vkdyu djus] vk¡dM+s ,d=k djus vkSj lokyksa ds mÙkj nsus ds fy;s
iwjh rjg ls baVjsfDVo fleqys'ku ,Uok;juesaV (Interactive Simulation Environment) fodflr djuk gSA
zzegÙokdka{kh ifj;kstuk ds mís';ksa dks çkIr djus] okLrfod nqfu;k ds okrkoj.k vkSj leL;kvksa ls fuiVus dh {kerk
fodflr djus ds fy;s vR;kèkqfud daI;wVj fleqys'ku rduhd ds lkFk vkHkklh ç;ksx'kkykvksa dks fodflr djuk
vko';d gSA
zzbl çkstsDV ds varxZr 1800 ls vfèkd ç;ksxksa ds lkFk yxHkx 225 ,slh ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ lapkfyr gSa vkSj 15 yk• ls
vfèkd Nk=kksa dks ykHk çnku dj jgh gSaA
bZ&;a=k (e-Yantra)
zz;g Hkkjr esa bathfu;fjax dkWystksa esa ,EcsMsM flLVe (Embedded Systems) vkSj jkscksfVDl (Robotics) ij çHkkoh
f'k{kk dks l{ke djus dh ,d ifj;kstuk gSA
zzf'k{kdksa vkSj Nk=kksa dks çf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvksa ds ekè;e ls ,EcsMsM flLVe vkSj çksxzkfeax dh ewy ckrsa fl•kbZ tkrh gSaA
zzNCERT }kjk bZ& fjlkslZst (e-Resources tSls vkWfM;ks] ohfMvks baVj,fDVo vkfn) ds :i esa fodflr vè;;u
lkexzh dks osc iksVZYl ds ekè;e ls fgrèkkjdksa ds lkFk lk>k fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s& LVMh osCl vkWiQ
,fDVo yfuZax iQkWj ;ax ,Lik;fjax ekbaM~l (SWAYAM)] bZ& ikB'kkyk (e-Pathshala)] us'kuy fjiksftVjh vksiu
,tqds'kuy fjlkslZst (NROER) vkSj eksckby ,Iyhds'kalA
vè;k;&14
^ÅtkZ lalk/ku * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
mQtkZ dh ekax (Demand of Energy)

dk;Z djus dh {kerk ÅtkZ dgykrh gSA ÅtkZ dbZ :iksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSa] tSls& Å"eh; mQtkZ] xfrt ÅtkZ] izdk'k
ÅtkZ] fo|qr ÅtkZ vkfnA xfr ds laj{k.k fu;e ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh ra=k dh dqy ÅtkZ fLFkj jgrh gSA ÅtkZ u rks iSnk
dh tk ldrh gS vkSj u gh u"V dh tk ldrh gS] dsoy ,d :i ls nwljs :i esa ifjofrZr dh tk ldrh gS] tSls&
ikSèks lw;Z ds izdk'k esa izdk'k la'ys"k.k fØ;k }kjk Hkkstu cukrs gSa vkSj mlls ÅtkZ dh izkfIr djrs gSaA bl izdkj izdk'k
ÅtkZ dk jklk;fud ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA i`Foh ij ik, tkus okys tSfod ,oa vtSfod ?kVdksa esa fØ;k'khyrk ÅtkZ
ds dkj.k gh gks ikrh gSA ÅtkZ ikfjra=k dk eq[; rÙo gSA blds
b±èku esxkokV izfr'kr
fcuk dksbZ Hkh [kk| Ükà[kyk lapkfyr ugha gks ldrh gSA lkFk gh
oqQy FkeZy 212,469 69.1
ekuo thou ds vkèkkjHkwr fodkl ds fy;s ÅtkZ vR;fèkd
dks;yk 186,493 60.7
vko';d rÙo gSA ?kjsyw vko';drk,¡] Ñf"k] ;krk;kr] vkS|ksfxd
25,057 8.2
fodkl ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh lHkh ÅtkZ ij fuHkZj gSaA bl izdkj xSl
919 0.3
ÅtkZ izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls ekuo dh vko';drkvksa ,oa rsy
43,112 14.0
muds dY;k.k ls tqMh+ gqbZ gSA ÅtkZ vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj thou&Lrj gkbMªks (uohdj.kh;)
5,780 1.9
csgrj cukus dk ,d vko';d lkèku gSA ÅtkZ lalkèkuksa dk U;wfDy;j
fodkl fdlh ns'k ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk lwpd gksrk gSA mPp vkj-bZ-,l* (,e-,u-vkj-bZ) 45,917 14.9
ÅtkZ mRiknu vkSj mldh mfpr [kir dks lqfuf'pr dj fdlh oqQy 307,278 100
ns'k esa vkfFkZd fiNM+siu] dqiks"k.k ,oa vf'k{kk vkfn leL;kvksa
dk lekèkku fd;k tk ldrk gSA *vkj-bZ-,l ¾ uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksr

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i`Foh lesr leLr lkSjeaMy esa ÅtkZ dk lcls izeq[k ,oa lkoZf=kd lzksr lw;Z ls vkus okyk lkS;Z izdk'k ,oa mlls
mRiUu Å"ek gSA blds vykok i`Foh ij thou vko';drkvksa] HkkSxksfyd {ks=kksa] miyCèkrk] lalkèkuksa ds forj.k vkfn esa
fofoèkrkvksa ds pyrs ÅtkZ ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa dqN vuohdj.kh; (Non-Renewable)
lzksr gSa] ftu ij ekuo yacs le; ls vkfJr jgk gS vkSj ftuds Hkfo"; esa [kRe gksus ds vklkj gSa] tSls& dks;yk]
isVªksfy;e inkFkZ vkfnA bu ij ekuo dh fuHkZjrk vR;fèkd jgh gSA blds vfrfjDr uohdj.kh; (Renewable) lzksr Hkh
gSa] tks fd ÅtkZ dk Hkfo"; gSa vkSj os dHkh u [kRe gksus okys ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa ekuo LokLF; ds fy;s xSj&gkfudkjd
lzksr gSa] tSls& lkSj ÅtkZ] iou ÅtkZ] Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ] èkkjk ÅtkZ] leqnzrkih; ÅtkZ] tSo ÅtkZ vkfnA
ijek.kq ÅtkZ (Nuclear Energy)

ijek.kq ÅtkZ
ÅtkZ lqj{kk Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; Hkkjr ds lkeus

esa ijek.kq ijek.kq ÅtkZ fo”ku ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks
ÅtkZ dh rFkk LFkkfir ysdj pqukSfr;k¡
Hkwfedk {kerk
lqj{kk vk;kr Fkksfj;e rduhd ,oa i;kZoj.k ,oa

lacaèkh fuHkZjrk fj,DVj dk lg;ksx dh foLFkkiu ls
pqukSrh iw.kZ fodkl varjkZ"Vªh; lacafèkr
u gksuk leL;k,¡ leL;k,¡
izÑfr esa ;wjsfu;e] Fkksfj;e vkfn tSls oqQN jsfM;ks,fDVo inkFkZ Hkh ik, tkrs gSa ftudh ÅtkZ@fo|qr mRiknu {kerk
vU; led{kksa] tSls& dks;yk] isVªksfy;e ,oa izkÑfrd xSl dh rqyuk esa yk[kksa xquk vfèkd gksrh gSA ,d Vu ;wjsfu;e
(U235) }kjk mRikfnr ÅtkZ 30 yk[k Vu dks;ys ;k 120 yk[k cSjy isVªksfy;e }kjk mRikfnr ÅtkZ ds yxHkx cjkcj
gksrh gSA
eksVs rkSj ij ns[kk tk, rks vR;fèkd {kerkoku gksus ,oa gkfudkjd xSlksa ds mRltZu ls jfgr gksus vFkkZr~ LoPN ÅtkZ
dh Js.kh esa vkus ds dkj.k ;g fodYi oSf'od rkSj ij dkiQh vkdf"kZr djrk gSA ysfdu blds fouk'kdkjh iz;ksx ds
[krjs] eg¡xh rduhd] b±èku izkfIr esa leL;k,¡] lhfer HkaMkj] U;wfDy;j dpjk] flfoy lkslkbVh dk fojksèk vkfn tSls
udkjkRed dkjd blds fo#¼ tkrs gSaA
ÅtkZ lqj{kk esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ dh Hkwfedk
ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks LoPN ÅtkZ dh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd blds }kjk ÅtkZ izkIr djus esa CO2 dk mRltZu
ux.; gksrk gSA orZeku le; esa ÅtkZ lqj{kk izkIr djuk ,d pqukSrh gSA thok'e b±èku ij fuHkZjrk dh vlqj{kk rFkk
i;kZoj.k ds c<+rs [krjs ds dkj.k bl oDr iwjh nqfu;k ÅtkZ ds oSdfYid lkèkuksa dh rjiQ vxzlj gSA orZeku esa 440
okf.kfT;d ijek.kq fj,DVj 31 ns'kksa esa 390000 MWe dh {kerk ds lkFk dk;Zjr gSa rFkk 60 ls vfèkd ijek.kq fj,DVj
fuekZ.kkèkhu gSaA ;g LFkkfir {kerk fcuk dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM (CO2) mRltZu ds fo'o dh 11% fo|qr ÅtkZ esa ;ksxnku
djrh gSA fo'o ds lHkh ns'k bl {kerk dks vkxs c<+kus ls yxs gSaA orZeku le; esa ÅtkZ lqj{kk dh leL;k fodflr
ns'kksa ls ”;knk fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ikbZ tk jgh gSA ,sls esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ ls izkIr gksus okyh vuojr ÅtkZ ij fuHkZjrk dks
c<+kuk Loeso rjhds ls ÅtkZ lqj{kk izkIr djus tSlk gSA
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Hkkjr esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ rFkk LFkkfir {kerk
ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks 'kkafriw.kZ <ax ls miHkksx esa ykus ds fy;s uhfr;ksa dks cukus gsrq o"kZ 1948 esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ deh'ku
dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA bu uhfr;ksa dks fu"ikfnr djus ds fy;s o"kZ 1954 esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx (DAE) dh LFkkiuk dh
xbZA ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx ik¡p vuqlaèkku dsanzksa] ;Fkk& (i) HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz (BARC) eqacbZ (egkjk"Vª)
(ii) bafnjk xkaèkh ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz (IGCAR), dyiDde (iii) mUur rduhdh dsanz bankSj (iv) osfj;cy ,uthZ
lkbDyksVªkWu dsanz (VECC) dksydkrk (v) ijek.kq inkFkZ vUos"k.k vkSj vuqlaèkku funs'kky; (AMD), gSnjkckn rFkk lkr
jk"Vªh; Lok;Ùk laLFkkuksa ds ekè;e ls ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds fodkl ds fy;s yxkrkj dk;Z dj jgk gSA
vHkh orZeku esa gekjh LFkkfir {kerk fuEufyf[kr gSµ
Plant (la;a=k) bdkbZ fj,DVj ds izdkj LFkkfir {kerk

rkjkiqj ijek.kq ÅtkZ LVs'ku] egkjk"Vª 4 2 BWR, 2 PHWR 1400 MWe
jktLFkku ijek.kq ÅtkZ LVs'ku] jkorHkkVk 6 6PHWR 1180 MWe
enzkl ijek.kq ÅtkZ LVs'ku 2 2PHWR 440 MWe
dSxk] dukZVd 4 4PHWR 880 MWe
dqMudqye] rfeyukMq 2 1VVER, 1PHWR 2000 MWe
ujkSjk] mÙkj izns'k 2 2PHWR 440 MWe
dkdjkikj] xqtjkr 2 2PHWR 440 MWe

dqy 22 6780 MWe
orZeku esa U;wfDy;j la;a=k dh dqy LFkkfir fo|qr ÅtkZ {kerk 6780 MWe gSA ;g vk¡dM+k Hkkjr ljdkj ds
lkoZtfud miØe NPCIL ds }kjk fn;k x;k gSA ;g LFkkfir {kerk Hkkjr dh dqy fo|qr {kerk dk 3.5% gSA
Hkkjrh; fo”ku
Hkkjr ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks ÅtkZ lqj{kk ls fuiVus ds fy;s ,d dkjxj gfFk;kj cukuk pkgrk gSA 2050 rd dqy fctyh
vkiwfrZ dk 25% ijek.kq ÅtkZ }kjk izkIr djus dk egÙoiw.kZ y{; j[kk x;k gSA bl y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy;s Hkkjr
ljdkj us vius Lons'kh izksxzke ls vkxs c<+dj fons'kh fuos'k rFkk fons'kh daifu;ksa dks Hkkjr esa vius la;a=k yxkus dh
NwV iznku dh gSA bl Øe esa 2005 esa Hkkjr ,oa vesfjdk ds chp gqvk ijek.kq ÅtkZ le>kSrk egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk
dj jgk gSA bl le>kSrs ds vuqlkj Hkkjr vius ijek.kq ÅtkZ {ks=k dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vrk gS] igyk&j.kuhfrd egÙo ds
ijek.kq ÅtkZ dsanz rFkk nwljk&ukxfjd ijek.kq ÅtkZ dsanzA ukxfjd ijek.kq ÅtkZ dsanzksa dh fuxjkuh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij
f”kEesnkj laLFkk (IAEA) }kjk dh tk,xhA bl le>kSrs ds i'pkr~ izQk¡l] vesfjdk rFkk :l }kjk Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ
ds {ks=k esa fuos'k fd;k tk jgk gSA vHkh orZeku esa Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k ds ekè;e ls LFkkfir gksus okyh {kerk
fuEufyf[kr gSµ
zzizQ¡klhlh
daiuh vjsok us egkjk"Vª ds tSrkiqj esa 1650 MWe ds 6 fj,DVj yxkus dk le>kSrk fd;k gSA
zzvesfjdu osfLVax gkml AP–1000 ds 6 fj,DVj yxkus ij jk”kh gSA AP-1000 ds ,d fj,DVj dh {kerk 1100
MWe gSA
zzjfl;u daiuh ds }kjk dqMudqye esa 4000 MWe {kerk ds fj,DVj yxkus dk le>kSrk dk;kZfUor gks jgk gSA

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blds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr us tkiku ds lkFk vHkh gky esa vlSU; ijek.kq le>kSrk fd;k gS] ftlls Hkfo"; esa ijek.kq
ÅtkZ esa o`f¼ gksus dh mEehn gSA
Hkkjr ds lkeus ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks ysdj pqukSfr;k¡
Hkkjr esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks ysdj dbZ leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
zzlqj{kk lacaèkh pqukSrh% Hkkjr ,d ?kuh vkcknh okyk ns'k gS] ftlesa fo'o esa vc rd gqbZ ijek.kq nq?kZVukvksa ds dkj.k
vkSj Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa c<+rs dne vk'kadk iSnk djrs gSaA ;g ,d vPNh ckr gS fd vc rd
Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dksbZ cM+h ukfHkdh; nq?kZVuk ugha gqbZ gS] ysfdu Hkfo"; dh dksbZ Hkh xyrh rFkk Hkksiky
=kklnh dh lh[k dh otg ls ljdkj us Û;wfDy;j ykbfcYVh fcy] 2010* esa dM+s izkoèkku fd;s gSaA ;g dkuwu
1500 djksM+ #i, ds ,d chek iwy dk fuekZ.k djrk gS] tks Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; nq?kZVuk rFkk jsfM,'ku ls izHkkfor
yksxksa dks iquLFkkZfir djus esa enn djsxkA
zzvk;kr fuHkZjrk% Hkkjr ds ikl orZeku esa ;wjsfu;e dk NksVk lk HkaMkj gSA 1990 ls :l Hkkjr ds fy;s ;wjsfu;e rFkk
U;wfDy;j b±èku dk lcls cM+k vkiwfrZdÙkkZ jgk gSA NSG (Nuclear Suppliers Groups) ls 2008 esa ,d NwV feyus
ds ckn vU; ns'kksa ls ;wjsfu;e izkIr djuk ljy gqvkA Hkkjr vHkh eaxksfy;k] d”kkfdLrku] vts±Vhuk rFkk ukehfc;k
tSls ns'kksa ls ;wjsfu;e lIykbZ le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj pqdk gS] ftlls vkxs pydj ukfHkdh; b±èku dh leL;k dk
gy fudy ldsxkA
zzFkksfj;e fj,DVj dk iw.kZ fodkl u gksuk% Hkkjr ds ikl orZeku esa cgqr cM+s iSekus ij Fkksfj;e fj”koZ dsjy ds
rV ij ik;k tkrk gSA blfy;s Hkkjr ;wjsfu;e dh deh dks Fkksfj;e }kjk izfrLFkkfir djus ds fy;s iz;kljr gSA blds
fy;s Hkkjr esa vxyh mUur ih<+h dk fj,DVj (Advanced Heavy Water Reactor- AHWR) dk fodkl gks jgk
gSA bl fj,DVj dks tYn gh dk;Z'khy fd;k tk ldsxkA blls Hkkjr vius Fkksfj;e HkaMkj dks fj,DVj b±èku ds :i
esa bLrseky dj ldsxkA
zzrduhd ,oa lg;ksx dh varjkZ"Vªh; leL;k,¡% Hkkjr dks vHkh NSG dh NwV gkfly gS] ijarq ;g NSG dk lnL;
ns'k ugha gSA Hkkjr dh lnL;rk dks ysdj vkifÙk trkus okys ns'k ijek.kq vizlkj lafèk (NPT) rFkk O;kid ijek.kq
ijh{k.k izfrcaèk lafèk (CTBT) ij gLrk{kj dh ekax dj jgs gSa] tks fd orZeku lqj{kk fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkkjr ds fy;s
laHko ugha gSA Hkkjr Hkfo"; esa bu lafèk;ksa ij fopkj djus rFkk vius ijek.kq vizlkj ds csgrj fjdkWMZ ds cy ij
bldk lnL; cuuk pkgrk gSA NSG lnL; cu tkus ij Hkkjr dks gksus okys iQk;ns fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
LoPN ÅtkZ dks c<+kok% Hkkjr dqy ÅtkZ [kir esa 40% b±èku vuojr ÅtkZ lkèkuksa ls izkIr djuk pkgrk gS]
ftlesa U;wfDy;j ÅtkZ ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dj ldrh gSA
?kjsyw daifu;ksa dh enn&ôkypanuxj m|ksx fyfeVsM* rFkk ^,y ,aM Vh* tSlh daifu;ksa ds O;kikj ij dksbZ
izfrcaèk ugha yxsxk] tks le;≤ ij ukfHkdh; ijh{k.k ds dkj.k yxk;k tkrk gSA
esd bu bafM;kµHkkjr ds vanj rs”kh ls fuos'k ,oa rduhdh mUu;u ls jks”kxkj ,oa ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ c<+sxhA
felkby vkSj lacafèkr rduhd rd igq¡p vklku gks tk,xhA
zzi;kZoj.k ,oa foLFkkiu ls lacafèkr leL;k,¡% dqMudqye ijek.kq ifj;kstuk dks bu nksuksa eqn~nksa ls nks&pkj gksuk
iM+k] ysfdu blds vykok ukfHkdh; dpjs dk fuiVku] nq?kZVuk ls fuiVus dh rS;kjh rFkk ifj;kstuk ls gksus okyh
i;kZoj.kh; leL;k ls fuiVuk Hkh ,d vko';d pqukSrh gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ukfHkdh; lqj{kk dks ysdj Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.k
fons'kh O;kikj fodkl ,oa
ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dkuwu, 1962 fu;eu ,DV (1992)
AERB xkbM ykbu 'kklu (Governance) lkewfgd fouk'k

gfFk;kj dkuwu] 2005
ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ fu;eu cksMZ
ekud laLFkk,¡ ukfHkdh; lqj{kk vH;kl
ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx ukfHkdh; lqj{kk ds lHkh igyqvksa

;u
mUu ls ukxfjdksa dks voxr djkukA
dk var
jkZ"
(tSls& eqacbZ iz;kl)
Vªh;
iqupZØ.k ls iqu%iz;ksx
uhd
lg
(Reprocess to Reuse) rd
;ksx f}i{kh; lg;ksx
varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx f}i{kh; le>kSrs (nks ns'kksa ds
chp& tSls& Hkkjr] vesfjdk ,oa
ukfHkdh; vkradokn ij Hkkjr] tkiku dk le>kSrk)
varjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu
IAEA dh xkbM ykbu
fiQf”kdy izksVsD'ku vkWiQ U;wfDy;j eSVsfj;y
NSG xkbMykbu bR;kfnA
çeq• lkSj ÅtkZ rduhdsa (Major Solar Energy Techniques)

lkSj ÅtkZ dHkh u lekIr gksus okyk ,d uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lalkèku gSA orZeku esa nks rduhdh ekè;eksa dh lgk;rk
ls lkSj ÅtkZ dks mi;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSA
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd rduhd (Solar Photovoltaic Technique)
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd (SPV) lsy lajpuk: lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd lsy dk iz;ksx dj lkSj izdk'k ls lhèks fo|qr ÅtkZ
mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA iQksVksoksfYVd lksyj lsyksa dk fuekZ.k vfrfo'kq¼ fØLVykbu ikWyhflfydkWu ls fd;k tkrk gSA
ikWyhflfydkWu rS;kj djus gsrq igys flfydkWu dks dk¯LVx fofèk }kjk ,d cM+s fØLVy esa ifjo£rr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
dkiQh eg¡xh fuekZ.k i¼fr gSA orZeku esa lLrh rduhd ls fu£er fFku fiQYe ,ekWjiQl flfydkWu dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd lsy esa flfydkWu dh nks ijrsa gksrh gSa] ftu ij vyx&vyx inkFkks± dh ijr p<+h gksrh gS%&
zzih&Vkbi (P-type): flfydkWu dh cuh ;g uhps dh ijr gksrh gS ftl ij cksjkWu dh iryh ijr p<+h gksrh gSA ;g
lsy dh èkukRed lrg gksrh gS tks bysDVªkWu dks viuh vksj vkd£"kr djrh gSA
z ,u&Vkbi (N-type): flfydkWu dh cuh bl ijr ij iQkWLiQksjl dh iryh ijr p<+h gksrh gS tks Í.kkRed lrg
dh rjg dk;Z djrh gSA blls bysDVªkWu eqDr gksrs gSaA ;g P-type osQ Åij fLFkr gksrh gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fo|qr (Load)
lkSj izdk'k
(Sunlight)
bysDVªkWu izokg
(Electron Flow)
iQksVkWu
(Photons)
,u&Vkbi ih&Vkbi
(N-type) (P-type)
tksM+
(Junction)
gksy izokg
(Hole Flow)
lkSj&iSuy (Solar Panel) dh lajpuk

bu nksuksa ijrksa osQ chp dk LFkku P-N taD'ku dgykrk gSA
iQksVksoksfYVd lsy dh dk;Z iz.kkyh (Working System of PV Cells)
lw;Z dk izdk'k tc lkSj lsy dh Åijh ijr (,u&Vkbi)] tks flfydkWu dh iQkLiQksjl ijr p<+h Í.kkRed lrg
gS] ij iM+rh gS rks bysDVªkWu eqDr gksrs gSa rFkk nwljh ijr (ih&Vkbi) tks cksjkWu ijr p<+h flfydkWu dh èkukRed lrg
gS] dh vksj vkd£"kr gksrs gSaA
blls fo|qr izokg gksus yxrk gS ftls ge mi;ksx djrs gSaA
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd rduhd osQ vuqiz;ksx (Applications of Solar Photovoltaic Technique)
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd rduhd ls fo|qr mRiknu djus
ds fy;s Hkkjh pkyd iq”kks± dh vko';drk ugha gksrh] lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd
blfy;s ioZrh; vkSj nwj&njk”k ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lsy ds çdkj
fctyh mRiknu gsrq ;g rduhd Økafrdkjh lkfcr gqbZ
gSA Hkkjr esa ,dy flfydkWu fØLVy lkSj lsyksa dk eksuksfØLVykbu ikWyhfØLVykbu ;k fFku&fiQYe
bLrseky vusd lkSj ;a=kksa esa fd;k x;k gSA lkSj ykyVsu] flfydkWu eYVhfØLVykbu ,ekWjiQl flfydkWu
lkSj iai vkfn ds :i esa lkeqnkf;d çdk'k O;oLFkk] flfydkWu
rVorhZ IysViQkWeks± ds nwjlapkj midj.kksa ds fy;s fo|qr
ÅtkZ] xzkeh.k nwjHkk"k dsaæ] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfo”ku] ?kjksa] lM+dksa ij çdk'k O;oLFkk vkfn ds fy;s lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd ÅtkZ dk
mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
lkSj rkih; rduhd (Solar Thermal Technique)

lkSj ÅtkZ dks rkih; ÅtkZ esa cnyus ds fy;s gh lkSj rkih; rduhd dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy;s lkSj
laxzkgdksa (Solar Collectors) vkSj lkSj fjlhojksa (Solar Receivers) dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lkSj laxzkgd Nr ;k fdlh
vU; LFkku ij j•s tkrs gSa] tks lkSj ÅtkZ dks vo'kksf"kr djrs gSaA laxzkgdksa }kjk vo'kksf"kr dh xbZ Å"ek dks ,d de
{kerk okyk iai ikuh ds VSad esa LFkkukarfjr dj nsrk gSA blls ikuh xeZ gks tkrk gSA çk;% blh fl¼kar ij lkSj rki ;a=k
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dke djrs gSaA rkieku ds vuqlkj lkSj rki ;a=k fuEu xzsM] eè; xzsM vkSj mPp xzsM çdkj ds gksrs gSaA lkSj laxzkgdksa vkSj
csgrj xq.koÙkk okys fjlhojksa dh enn ls 1000 fMxzh lsfYl;l rd dk rkieku gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lkSj rkih; ÅtkZ ds vuqç;ksx (Applications of Solar Thermal Energy)
vkoklh; {ks=kksa esa (In Residential Area):
vkoklh; {ks=kksa esa nks rjg ds lksyj okVj ghVj bLrseky gksrs gSa&
z lery IysV laxzkgd (Flat Plate Collector–FPC)
z fjDr voufydk laxzkgd (Evacuated Tube Collector–
ETC)
vkoklh; {ks=kksa esa lksyj okVj ghVj bLrseky djus ls
i;kZIr ek=kk esa fctyh dh cpr dh tk ldrh gSA
vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa (In Industrial Area):
LVhy] dkx”k] diM+k] •k| çlaLdj.k vkSj Ms;jh m|ksxksa
esa lkSj rki ÅtkZ ds liQyrkiwoZd mi;ksx gq, gSaA lkSj rki lery IysV laxzkgd
ÅtkZ bu m|ksxksa esa bLrseky gksus okys b±èku ds fodYi ds rkSj
ij dke dj ldrh gSA vuqeku gS fd fofHkUu m|ksxksa dks
250 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls de rkieku dh vko';drkvksa ds
fy;s çfro"kZ 15 fefy;u Vu rsy vkSj 250 fMxzh lsfYl;l
ls vfèkd rkieku dh vko';drkvksa ds fy;s yxHkx 35
fefy;u Vu rsy dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA lkSj rkih; ;a=k
bu vko';drkvksa dks iwjk dj ldrs gSaA fo'ks"kdj dkx”k vkSj
diM+k m|ksx osQ {ks=k esa ;s csgn mi;ksxh lkfcr gq, gSaA
lkSj rkih; mQtkZ dh leL;k,¡@lhek,¡ (Limitations):
zz[kjkc ekSle rFkk jkr ds le; bldk mi;ksx@nksgu ugha fjDr voufydk laxzkgd
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzlkSj mQtkZ mRiknu iz.kkyh dks LFkkfir djuk vfèkd [kphZyk dk;Z gSA
zzlkSj midj.k vkdkj esa cM+s gksrs gSaA vr% bUgsa LFkkfir djus ds fy;s cM+s Hkw&Hkkx dh vko';drk iM+rh gS vkSj ,d
ckj midj.kksa ds yxus ds ckn ml Hkwfe dk mi;ksx yacs le; rd ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
uksV%
zz Hkkjr ds xqtjkr esa fLFkr ^pjadk lkSj ikoZQ* vesfjdk ds ckn nqfu;k dk nwljk lcls cM+k iQksVksoksfYVd ikoj
LVs'ku gSA
zz lkSj rkykc ifj;kstuk ^Hkqt* (xqtjkr) esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
zz gfj;k.kk ds ^XokyigkM+h* esa Hkkjr ,oa izQk¡l ds lg;ksx ls ^lkSj mQtkZ vuqlaèkku dsanz* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS
rFkk jktLFkku ds tksèkiqj f”kys esa ,d ^lkSj rki mQtkZ dsanz* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
zz v{k; ÅtkZ ds bLrseky dks c<+kok nsus dh vksj dne c<+krs gq, nho ekpZ 2018 ds izkjaHk esa lkSj ÅtkZ ls 100
izfr'kr pyus okyk ns'k dk igyk dsna z 'kkflr izn's k cukA xkSjryc gS fd nho dk {ks=kiQy yxHkx 40 oxZ fdeh- gSA
”kehu dh deh ds ckotwn yxHkx 50 ,dM+ ls Hkh ”;knk ”kehu ij lksyj ikoj IykaVl ~ yxk, x, gSAa
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe (Solar Rooftop System)
lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe esa fdlh vkoklh;] O;kolkf;d vFkok vkS|ksfxd bekjrksa dh Nr ds Åij lksyj iSuy
LFkkfir fd;s tkrs gSaA ;s lksyj iSuy iQksVksoksfYVd lsyksa ds lewg gksrs gSaA lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe Hkh nks rjg ls dke
djrk gS&
z cSVjh laxzkgd lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe% ;s ,sls :iQVkWi flLVe gksrs gSa] ftuesa iSnk gksus okyh lksyj fctyh ,d
cSVjh esa lax`ghr gks tkrh gSA bl fctyh dk bLrseky jkr ds le; fd;k tk ldrk gSA
z fxzM vkèkkfjr lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe% fxzM vkèkkfjr lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe esa lksyj iQksVksoksfYVd iSuyksa ls iSnk
gksus okyh Mhlh (DC) fctyh dks ,d fo|qr daMh'kfuax bdkbZ }kjk ,lh (AC) fctyh esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA
bl ,lh (AC) fctyh dks vyx&vyx {kerk dh fxzMksa esa Hkstk tkrk gSA
lksyj :iQVkWi flLVe ds ykHk (Advantages of Solar Rooftop System):
”kehu ij LFkkfir dh tkus okyh lkSj fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa (Ground Mounted Solar Projects) dh rqyuk esa :iQVkWi
flLVe ds dbZ ykHk gSa&
z lkSj :iQVkWi flLVe dk lcls cM+k ykHk fctyh ds forj.k vkSj Vªkalfe'ku esa gksus okys uqdlkuksa dks de djuk gSA
iQksVksoksfYVd flLVe ds fxzM ls lhèks rkSj ij tqM+s gksus ds dkj.k forj.k vkSj Vªkalfe'ku ds nkSjku fctyh O;FkZ ugha
gksrhA Hkkjr esa çfro"kZ yxHkx 30 çfr'kr fctyh Vªkalfe'ku vkSj forj.k esa O;FkZ gks tkrh gSA
z gekjs ns'k ds ?kjksa esa fctyh pys tkus ds ckn oSdfYid O;oLFkk ds rkSj ij eq[;r% Mh”ky vkèkkfjr tsujsVj dk
bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA pw¡fd lkSj :iQVkWi la;a=k lhèks yksxksa ds ehVj ls tqM+ ldrs gSa vkSj fxzM ls ugha tqM+s gksus
ds ckotwn budk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS] blfy;s ;s Mh”ky vkèkkfjr tsujsVj dk mÙke fodYi gks ldrs gSaA
z lkSj :iQVkWi ifj;kstukvksa dks Hkwfe ij LFkkfir dh tkus okyh ifj;kstukvksa dh rjg Hkwfe miyCèkrk tSlh dfBukb;ksa
ls ugha tw>uk iM+rkA
lkSj ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa dsaæ ljdkj ds ç;kl (Central Government's efforts in the area of Solar Energy):
zztokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku ds ckn Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ ds fodkl vkSj mlds Hkfo"; ds lanHkZ esa 2015
lcls egÙoiw.kZ o"kZ jgkA uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; us o"kZ 2022 rd Hkkjr esa lkSj mQtkZ ds y{; dks
la'kksfèkr djrs gq, bls c<+kdj 100 xhxkokV djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
zzljdkj 100 xhxkokV ds y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy;s 40 xhxkokV fctyh dk mRiknu lksyj :iQVkWiQ flLVe
ds ekè;e ls rFkk ckdh 60 xhxkokV fctyh dk mRiknu cM+h o eè;e Lrj dh fxzM dusDVsM lksyj ikWoj izkstsDV
ds ekè;e ls djsxhA
zzdsaæ ljdkj us jkT;ksa vkSj fofHkUu ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls •srksa esa flapkbZ ds fy;s ^lksyj iafiax dk;ZØe* pyk;k
gSA uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; bl dk;ZØe dks ykxw djus ds fy;s 30 iQhln iwathxr NwV Hkh ns jgk gSA
zzçfrf"Br dkWjiksjsV txr dh yxHkx 213 daifu;ksa us 2014–2019 rd dh vofèk esa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa ds ”kfj;s
266 xhxkokV mRiknu djus dh çfrc¼rk fn•kbZ gSA bu daifu;ksa esa lkoZtfud {ks=k dh ,uVhihlh fyfeVsM Hkh 'kkfey
gSA vesfjdh daiuh lu ,fMlu vkSj fjU;w ikoj osaplZ fyfeVsM us Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu ds cM+s ok;ns fd;s gSaA
zzns'k esa lkSj ikdZ LFkkfir fd;s tk jgs gSaA uoacj 2018 rd ns'k ds 21 jkT;ksa esa dqy 26,694 esxkokV {kerk ds
47 lkSj ikdZ LFkkfir djus dh ea”kwjh nh xbZ gSA fofHkUu lkSj ikdks± ds fy;s 1,00,000 ,dM+ Hkwfe dh igpku dh
xbZ] ftlesa ls 75,000 ,dM+ Hkwfe dk vfèkxzg.k gks pqdk gSA fofHkUu lkSj ikdks± ds Hkhrj dqy 4195 esxkokV {kerk
dh lkSj ifj;kstuk,¡ 'kq: dh xbZ gSaA
z ea=kky; ÝyksfVax lkSj ÅtkZ (Floating Solar Power) tSlh ubZ mHkjrh çkS|ksfxdh ds fy;s Hkh ifj;kstuk,¡ yk jgk gSA

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2022 rd 100 xhxkokV lkSj fo|qr {kerk ds izLrko dh fooj.k rkfydk
Js.kh&1 izLrkfor {kerk (esxkokV es)a Js.kh&2 izLrkfor {kerk (esxkokV esa)
:iQVkWi 40,000 csjks”kxkj Lukrdksa] xzke 10,000
lksyj iapk;r] y?kq m|ksx (,l-,l-
vkbZ-) bdkb;ksa }kjk
ifj;kstuk,¡
lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØe 10,000
cM+s futh {ks=k 5,000
lsdh (SECI) 5,000
jkT; uhfr;ksa ds varxZr 20,000
py jgs dk;ZØe 10,000
oqQy 40,000 60,000
usV ehVfjax (Net Metering):

usV ehVfjax fof'k"V :i ls ehVfjax o fcfyax dk le>kSrk gS tks ikoj forjd oaQifu;ksa o miHkksDrk osQ chp gksrk
gSA oaQifu;ksa us ,slh rduhd fodflr dh gS ftlls
viuh Nr ij lksyj IykaV ls cuh gqbZ fctyh] fxzM
dks Hkh csph tk ldrh gSA blosQ fy;s lksyj IykaV osQ
lkFk ,d ehVj yxk;k tkrk gSA ;g ehVj fctyh forj.k
oaQiuh dh rjiQ ls fn;k tkrk gSA lksyj IykaV esa fdruh
fctyh cuh] fdruh [kir gqbZ vkSj fdruh fxzM esa xbZ]
ehVj esa lcdk fglkc gksrk gSA blesa miHkksDrk }kjk usV ehVfjax iz.kkyh
fMLdkWe ls yh xbZ fctyh dk Hkh C;ksjk gksrk gSA
fc¯YMx baVhxzsVsM iQksVksoksfYVDl&ch-vkbZ-ih-oh- (Building Integrated Photovoltaics–BIPV):
ch-vkbZ-ih-oh- iz.kkyh] iQksVksoksfYVd lsy dk gh ,d :i gS tks bekjr osQ lkFk ,dho`Qr dj nh tkrh gS rFkk
ikjaifjd Hkou fuekZ.k lkexzh dh txg iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA
;s ikjaifjd Hkkjh&Hkjde iQksVksoksfYVd lsyksa ls gYosQ o irys gksrs gSa rFkk Hkou osQ Lo:i dks Hkh lqnaj cuk, j[krs
gSaA ch-vkbZ-ih-oh- iz.kkyh (BIPV System) dks vkWiQ fxzM ;k vkWu fxzM nksuksa iz.kkfy;ksa esa iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA orZeku
esa vesfjdk] ;wjksi] tkiku esa bldk iz;ksx gks jgk gSA Hkkjr esa VkVk ikWoj lewg us FESTO uked teZu oaQiuh ls lk>snkjh
dh gS] tks BIPV iz.kkyh }kjk çfro"kZ fo|qr mRiknu djsxhA
lksyj iksaM (Solar Pond):
lksyj iksaM ;k lkSj rkykc] [kkjs ty dk rkykc gksrk gS tks lkSj rkih; ÅtkZ dks lax`ghr djrk gS] ftlls rkih;
o fo|qr ÅtkZ dk mRiknu gksrk gSA ryh dk [kkjk (yo.kh;) ty lw;Z fdj.k ls xeZ gksdj] de lkaærk dk gks tkrk
gSS rFkk rqyukRed :i ls Åijh BaMh lrg ij vkus yxrk gSA blls ofVZdy lSfyfuVh xzsMhvaV (Vertical Salinity
Gradient) LFkkfir gks tkrk gS ftls gsyksDykbu dgrs gSaA blesa vYi yo.kh; ty] vfèkd yo.kh; ty osQ Åij rSjrk
gSA bl izdkj laogu izfØ;k 'kq: gks tkrh gSA
vfèkd yo.kh; ryh dk ty] Åij dh lrg osQ de yo.kh; ty ls vklkuh ls ugha feyrkA ifj.kkeLo:i ryh
dk ty tc xeZ gksrk gS rks ryh esa o lcls Åijh lrg ij cgqr gh de ek=kk esa vkil esa fefJr gks ikrk gSA blh

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otg ls rkißkl (Heat Loss) cgqr de gks tkrk gSA mPp yo.kh; ty 90ºC rd rFkk fuEu yo.kh; ty 30ºC rd
xeZ gks ldrk gSA ;s xeZ yo.kh; ty fo|qr mRiknu (Vjckbu }kjk) ;k vU; vuqiz;ksxksa gsrq iz;ksx gksrk gSA Hkkjr osQ
Hkqt (xqtjkr) esa ,f'k;k dk igyk lkSj rkykc (Solar Pond) LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
vkifrr fofdj.k (100%
izfr'kr) Incident okrkoj.k esa rkih;
Radiation (100%) ßkl (84 izfr'kr)
Heat Losses to
Atmosphere (84%)
de rki o lkaærk (Low

xgjkbZ (Depth)
Temperature and Concentration)

rki iz.kork o lkaærk
(Gradient
Temperature & Concentration)
mPp rki o lkaærk (High mi;ksxh rki (14
Temperature & Concentration) izfr'kr) Useful
rki o lkaærk Heat (14%)
(Temperature & Concentration) rki o lkaærk esa deh (2 izfr'kr)
Heat Looses to Ground (14%)
lksyj iksaM
dqlqe ;kstuk (Kusum Yojana)
zzvke ctV esa fdlkuksa osQ fy;s oqQlqe (Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyan–
2018-19
(Introduction)
KUSUM) ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ FkhA

ifjp;
zzuohu vkSj uohdj.kh; mQtkZ ea=kky; osQ varxZr bl ;kstuk osQ rgr ljdkj fdlkuksa dks viuh Hkwfe ij
lkSj mQtkZ la;a=k yxkus osQ fy;s lfClMh iznku djsxhA
zzbldk mn~ns'; lkSj ty iaiksa osQ ekè;e ls fdlkuksa dks ty lqj{kk iznku djuk gSA
(Objectives)
mn~ns';
zzbl ;kstuk osQ rgr Hkfo"; esa fdlkuksa dh vk; dks c<+kuk gSA
zzjkT;ksa
osQ flapkbZ foHkkxksa dks {kerk osQ mi;ksx osQ fy;s fo'oluh; :i ls mQtkZ iznku djuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk osQ rgr 10,000 MW osQ lksyj IyakV fdlkuksa dh catj Hkwfe ij yxk, tk,axsA
zzljdkj lksyj IyakVksa ls mRiÂ vfrfjDr fctyh dh [kjhn osQ fy;s jkT; fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa (DISCOMs)
(Components)
dks izksRlkfgr djsxhA

?kVd
zzljdkj ekStwnk 7250 MW okys Ñf"k iaiksa rFkk 8250 MW okys ljdkjh uyowQiksa dks lkSj mQtkZ ls pykus
dh O;oLFkk djsxhA
zz;kstuk osQ igys pj.k esa ljdkj 17.5 yk[k iaiksa dk forj.k djsxhA
zzbl ;kstuk osQ rgr ljdkj vxys 10 lkyksa esa 28,250 MW dh vkSj mQtkZ {kerk mRiUu djus oQ fy;s
` 1.4 yk[k djksM+ [kpZ djsxhA
zzblesa osaQnz ljdkj ,oa jkT; ljdkjsa ` 48-48 g”kkj djksM+ dk ;ksxnku djsxh tcfd ` 45 djksM+ cSad ½.k
ls iwjk fd;k tk,xkA
(Features)
fo'ks"krk,¡
zzljdkj fdlkuksa dks lfClMh osQ :i esa la;a=k dh oqQy ykxr dk 60 izfr'kr fgLlk tcfd cSad ½.k oQs
:i esa 30 izfr'kr fgLlk iznku djsxhA
zzfdlkuksa dks lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=k yxkkus osQ fy;s oqQy ykxr dh fliZQ 10 izfr'kr jkf'k gh ogu djuh gksxhA
zzbl ;kstuk osQ rgr fdlku viuh catj Hkwfe ij lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=k yxkus osQ i'pkr~ vfrfjDr fctyh fxzM
dks csp ldrs gSaA
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zzbl ;kstuk osQ ykxw gksus ls lkSj mQtkZ dks vfèkd c<+kok feysxk ,oa Mhty dh [kir de gksxhA
zz;g ;kstuk fdlkuksa dks nks rjg ls YkkHk nsxh] ,d rks mUgsa flaPkkbZ osQ fy;s eqÝr fctyh feysxh vkSj nwljk
fdlku fctyh dks cspdj viuh vk; c<+k ldrs gSaA
zzbl ;kstuk ls catj Hkwfe dk Hkh mi;ksx gks ik,xkA
(Expected Outcomes)
laHkkfor ykHk@ifj.kke
zzHkfo"; esa bl ;kstuk ls o`Qf"k {ks=k esa fctyh dh yxHkx lHkh leL;k,¡ [kRe gksus dh laHkkouk,¡ gSaA
zzfdlkuksa }kjk mRiUu vfèk'ks"k fctyh] jkT; fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa (DISCOMs) }kjk [kjhnh tk,xh vkSj
ns'k dh mHkjrh gfjr vFkZO;oLFkk (Green Economy) dks c<+kok nsus esa enn djsxhA
zzfoosaQfnzr vkSj mQtkZ mRiknu dks izksRlkguA
zzo`Qf"k {ks=k esa lfClMh Hkkj dks de djosQ fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa dks foÙkh; leFkZuA
zzvkWiQ&fxzM vkSj vkWu&fxzM ls tqM+s lkSj ty iaiks osQ ekè;e ls fuf'pr ty lalkèku tqVkdj fdlkuksa dks
ty lqj{kk iznku djukA
zzjkT; flaPkkbZ foHkkxksa dh flapkbZ {kerk osQ fy;s fo'oluh; :i ls mQtkZ iznku djukA
zz:iQ VkWi rFkk cM+s ikoQks± osQ chp ekè;fed nk;js esa lkSj fctyh mRiknu dh fjDrrk dks HkjukA
lksyj lsy cukus esa tkequ dk bLrseky

zzvkbZvkbZVh #M+dh ds oSKkfudksa us tkequ dk bLrseky dj lLrs lkSj lsy cukus dk rjhdk <wa< fudkyk gSA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us tkequ esa ik, tkus okys izkÑfrd o.kZd (Pigment) dk bLrseky LkLrs izdk'k laosnh ds rkSj ij
fd;k] ftudk bLrseky jatd (Dye) laosnh lkSj lsy ;k xzs”ksy lsyksa (Gratzel Cells) esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zzxzs”ksy lsy njvly igyh fiQYe okys lksyj lsy gksrs gaS] tks VkbVsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM dh ijr p<+s iQksVks,uksM]
lw;Z dk izdk'k vo'kksf"kr djus okys Mkb ds v.kqvksa dh ijr ls] MkB ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy;s ,d fo|qr vi?kV~;
vkSj ,d dSFkksM ls cus gksrs gSaA
zzMkb ds v.kqvksa ;k izdk'k laosnh ds lkFk feydj ;s ?kVd ,d lSaMfop tSlh lajpuk cukrs gSaA n`'; izdk'k
vo'kksf"kr djus dh viuh {kerk ds ”kfj;s ;s v.kq vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
zz'kksèkdÙkkZvksa us ,FksukWy dk bLrseky djds tkequ ls Mkb fudkyhA mUgksaus rk”ks vkyw cq[kkjk vkSj dkys vaxwjksa ds
fefJr cSjh twl dk Hkh bLrseky fd;kA buesa o.kZd gksrs gSa] tks tkequ dks ,d fo'ks"k jax nsrs gSaA
zzfeJ.k dks rc vidsafnzr fd;k x;k vkSj mlds ckn fuFkkj (Decanted) fy;k x;kA vyx fd;s x, o.kZd dk
bLrseky laosnh ds :i esa fd;k x;kA
lksyj xkbMykbu MkWV bu
Hkkjr teZu ÅtkZ iQksje ds vèkhu ,d igy lksyj xkbMykbal osc vkèkkfjr eap gS] rkfd lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstukvksa
ds fodkl ds lacèa k esa lwpuk rFkk v|ru tkudkjh dk izlkj fd;k tk ldsA bl lksyj xkbMykbal ds }kjk dsna z rFkk
jkT;ksa ds fu;eks@a fofu;eksa rFkk lh-bZ-vkj-lh- }kjk ?kksf"kr fofu;ked <k¡ps dh tkudkjh nh tk ldsA bldk mn~n's ; lkSj {ks=k esa
lHkh i.kèkkfj;ksa ds fy;s ,d LFkku ij lwpuk vkSj lqfoèkk dsna z rS;kj djuk gS] ftlls fuos'k vuqdy w ekgkSy cuk;k tk ldsA
jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku
;g ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkku gS tks uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds vèkhu dk;Z djrk gSA ;g Hkkjr dk lkSj ÅtkZ ds fy;s
'kksèk ,oa fodkl dk mPp Lrjh; laLFkku gSA bldk eq[;ky; xq#xzke gfj;k.kk esa gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; lkSj xBcaèku (International Solar Alliance – ISA)
bl xBcaèku dh 'kq#vkr UNCCC ds isfjl lEesyu esa uoacj 2015 esa gqbAZ blesa lkSj ÅtkZ èkuh jkT;] tks ddZ
,oa edj js[kk ds eè; fLFkr gS]a i{kdkj gSAa uoacj 2016 esa eksjDdks ds ejkds'k esa varjkZ"Vªh; lkSj xBcaèku ds le>kSrk
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izsQeodZ ij 25 ns'kksa }kjk gLrk{kj fd;s x, vkSj bls 121 ns'kksa us lgefr nh gSA bldk eq[;ky; xq#xzke gfj;k.kk
esa gSA blds ik¡p eq[; {ks=k fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
1. lkSj izkS|ksfxdh vkSj lkSj {ks=k esa fuos'k dks c<+kok nsuk] rkfd xjhch rFkk i;kZoj.k uqdlku esa deh dh tk ldsA
2. ,slh ifj;kstukvksa o dk;ZØeksa dks c<+kok nsuk ftuls lkSj {ks=k ds iz;ksx dks izksRlkgu feysA
3. iwath dh ykxr dks de djus ds fy;s uoifjorZu'khy foÙkh; ra=k dk fodklA
4. lkekU; tkudkjh ls lacafèkr ,d bZ&iksVZy dk fuekZ.kA
5. lnL; jk"Vªksa esa lkSj izkS|ksfxdh vkSj vkj ,aM Mh ds {ks=k esa {kerk fuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsukA
mijksDr foo£.kr {ks=kksa dk lanHkZ dsoy fxzMks ls tqM+s lkSj ÅtkZ ls ugha oju~ vkWiQ fxzM o fodsafær ;a=kksa dks c<+kok
nsus ls Hkh gSA
iou ÅtkZ (Wind Energy)

iou ÅtkZ dk ,d vlekI; lzksr gSA cgrh ok;q ls mRiUu dh xbZ ÅtkZ dks îou ÅtkZ* dgrs gSaA iou ÅtkZ çkIr
djus ds fy;s ,sls LFkkuksa ij iou pfDd;k¡ yxkbZ tkrh gSa] tgk¡ çpqj ek=kk esa ok;q cgrh gSA iou pfDd;ksa }kjk ok;q
dh xfrt ÅtkZ dks ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA bl ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ dks tsujsVj dh enn ls fo|qr ÅtkZ esa
cnyk tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa NBh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds vafre o"kZ 1983-84 esa iou ÅtkZ dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA 'kq#vkr
ls gh ,d ck”kkj mUeq[k j.kuhfr dks viuk;k x;k] ftlus izkS|ksfxdh ds liQy okf.kfT;d fodkl dks izsfjr fd;kA
orZeku esa Hkkjr fo'o esa ik¡pok¡ cM+k uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ dk Hkkxhnkj ns'k gSA bldh orZeku esa LFkkfir {kerk 44.812
GW gS ftlesa 27.441 GW iou ÅtkZ (Wind Energy) dk ;ksxnku gSA bl izdkj dqy fctyh [kir dk 14.7%
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ls izkIr gksrk gSA
Hkkjr dk 175 GW dk egÙokdka{kh uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ y{; gS] ftls 2022 rd gkfly djuk pkgrk gSA ;g y{;
iwjk djus ds fy;s 60 GW iou ÅtkZ ls izkIr djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
iou pDdh ds çdkj (Types of Wind Turbine)
iou pfDd;k¡ gh ok;q dh xfrt ÅtkZ dks ;kaf=kd ÅtkZ esa ifjofrZr djus dk dk;Z djrh gSaA Hkkjr esa mi;ksx gksus
okyh iou pfDd;k¡ nks çdkj dh gksrh gSa&
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zz{kSfrt v{k iou pDdh (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine): ;g vc rd fodflr dh xbZ iou pfDd;ksa dk
lcls mUur :i gSA buesa eq[; ;a=k jksVj gksrk gS vkSj Vkoj ds 'kh"kZ ij fo|qr tujsVj gksrk gSA O;kolkf;d ÅtkZ
mRiknu ds fy;s ;gh iou pfDd;k¡ bLrseky dh tkrh gSaA
zzmèokZèkj v{k iou pDdh (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine): bl rjg dh iou pfDd;k¡ vHkh çk;ksfxd nkSj esa
gSaA cgqr de Lrj ds ÅtkZ mRiknu ds fy;s budk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr esa iou }kjk ÅtkZ mRiknu laHkkfor {ks=k
Hkkjr esa iou ÅtkZ lokZfèkd liQy v{k; ÅtkZ fodYi ds :i esa mHkjh gS vkSj fxzM ls tqM+h fctyh ds mRiknu
ds fy;s ;g fofHkUu v{k; ÅtkZ fodYiksa esa ls lcls rs”kh ls c<+us okyh v{k; ÅtkZ çkS|ksfxdh gSA
Hkkjr esa iou ÅtkZ mRiknu {kerk gky ds o"kks± esa dkiQh c<+h gSA 31 vDrwcj] 2018 rd Hkkjrh; iou ÅtkZ {ks=k
dh LFkkfir {kerk 34.98 xhxkokV gSA bafM;u foaM ,uthZ ,lksfl,'ku] us'kuy baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ foaM ,uthZ] bafM;u foaM
ikWoj ,lksfl,'ku bR;kfn laLFkk,¡ ns'k esa iou ÅtkZ osQ {ks=k esa dk;Zjr gSaA
uksV% o"kZ 2022 rd 5 xhxkokV vkSj o"kZ 2030 rd 30 xhxkokV virVh; (Offshore) iou ÅtkZ {kerk tksM+us dk
jk"Vªh; y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA
iou Vjckbu o`{k (Tree Shaped Wind Turbine)
Û;w&foaM* uked izsaQp daiuh us o`{k ds vkdkj ds Vjckbuksa dks izQk¡l ds isfjl esa yxkus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA daiuh
dk ekuuk gS fd bekjrksa o xfy;ksa ls gksdj cgus okyh NksVh iou&rjaxksa dk Hkh mi;ksx dj fo|qr mRiknu djuk laHko
gks ldrk gSA
daiuh us ,d NksVh ekWM~;wyj ;wfuV] ,d ekbØks Vjckbu cukbZ gS tks gjh ifÙk;ksa ls feyrh&tqyrh gS] ftls ,sjksyhiQ
(Aeroleaf) dgrs gSaA budh ifÙk;ksa esa NksVs CysM yxs gSa tks U;wure 4-5 mph dh ok;q xfr ls Hkh fo|qr mRiknu dj
ldrs gSaA ;s NksVh iÙkhuqek ;wfuV~l vfèkdre mRiknu gsrq Lo;a dks ok;q lzksr ds vuqlkj lek;ksftr dj ysrh gSaA 10
ehVj Å¡ps o`{k ds rus dh eksVkbZ 8 ehVj gSA miHkksDrk dh vko';drkuqlkj iÙkhuqek bu ekWM~;wyj bdkb;ksa dh la[;k
?kVkbZ&c<+kbZ tk ldrh gS] tks 500 okWV ls 3 fdyksokWV rd fo|qr mRiknu djus esa l{ke gSaA ;s foaM Vjckbu 2400
kwh rd okf"kZd ÅtkZ mRiknu dj ldrh gSaA gkyk¡fd bu o`{kksa dh fctyh mRiknu {kerk ikjaifjd foaM Vjckbu ls
de gS fiQj Hkh ;s vfèkd O;ogk;Z o de gLr{ksidkjh gSaA ;s o`{k ikjaifjd Vjckbu dh rjg èofu iznw"k.k ugha djrs
gSa rFkk NksVs Lrj ij (vkWfiQl] ?kj bR;kfn) ÅtkZ ”k:jrksa dks iwjk dj LFkku dh lqanjrk Hkh c<+krs gSaA
Ýykbax foaM iQkElZ (Flying Wind Farms)
i`Foh dh lrg ls 10 fdeh- Åij tsV LVªhe iousa cgrh gSa tks èkjkryh; iouksa ls ”;knk rkdroj gksrh gSa o lrr~
cgrh jgrh gSa] ftudh ÅtkZ rqyukRed :i ls 100 xquk vfèkd gksrh gSaA ikjaifjd Vjckbu bruh Å¡pkbZ ij dk;Z ugha
djrk gSA ;s vHkh rd vfèkdre 200 eh- dh Å¡pkbZ rd gh yxk, x, gSaA
'kksèkdrkZ ,slh ubZ rduhdksa dh [kkst dj jgs gSa tks bruh Å¡pkbZ ij tsV iouksa ls fo|qr mRiknu dj ldsaA
lsu fM;kxks fLFkr ^LdkbZ foaMikoj* uked daiuh us Ýykbax tsujsVj uked rduhd fudkyh gS tks ,d irax o
,d gsyhdkWIVj nksuksa ds xq.k j[krk gSA bl tsujsVj ds 4 jksVj gSaA ;g ,d yach dscy }kjk ”kehu ls caèkk gksrk gSA jksVj
irax dh lrg osQ leku dk;Z djrs gSa ftlls tsujsVj gok esa mBk jgk gSA Mk;useks dh enn ls fctyh mRikfnr gksrh
gS tks ,Y;qehfu;e dscy }kjk ”kehu ij Hkst nh tkrh gSA
tc iou 'kkar gks (u cg jgh gks) rks Mk;useks dks mYVk pykdj bysfDVªd eksVj dh rjg iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa
ftlls tsujsVj gok esa rSjrk jgrk gSA ,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ;s ,d ?kaVs esa ,d fdyksokV ÅtkZ mRikfnr dj ldrh gS
tks ikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa ls izkIr fo|qr dh nj ls lLrh iM+rh gSA Hkfo"; dh ;g rduhd ÅtkZ n{krk ds lkFk ÅtkZ
vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa dkiQh mi;ksxh fl¼ gksxhA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
xzhu fc¯YMx (Green Building)
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; }kjk xzhu fc¯YMx dh voèkkj.kk ij dk;Z py jgk gS rFkk blesa dbZ bekjrksa dks
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA xzhu fc¯YMx ls rkRi;Z ml volajpuk ls gS tks ijaijkxr bekjrksa dh rqyuk esa ÅtkZ dk de o
n{krkiwod
Z iz;ksx djs] de ek=kk esa ty iz;ksx djs] izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dks nwf"kr u djs] mUgsa lajf{kr djs] de vif'k"V
mRltZu djs rFkk tks jgus gsrq LoLFk o vkjkenk;d LFkku iznku djsA
xzhu fc¯YMx vius okrkoj.kh; n'kkvksa] tSls& HkkSxksfyd] tyok;fod] {ks=kh; n'kkvksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj fM”kkbu
dh tkrh gSA ea=kky; }kjk dqN xzhu fofYMaXl dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gS tks fuEu gSa] mnkgj.k& Vh-lh-vkbZ- (gfj;k.kk)]
i;kZoj.k o i`Foh foKku fc¯YMx& vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- (dkuiqj) vkfnA
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; dh vuqlaèkkujr ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;k¡
(New Research Level Technologies of MNRE):
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; us fofHkUu ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ij vusd ÅtkZ dk;ZØeksa dks viuk;k gSA bu
dk;ZØeksa osQ rgr vuqlaèkku] fodkl o izn'kZu ifj;kstuk,¡] fofHkUu 'kSf{kd laLFkkuksa@ fo'ofo|ky;ksa] jk"Vªh; iz;ksx'kkykvksa
vkfn esa 'kq: fd;s x, gSaA
;s ifj;kstuk,¡ ns'k esa Lons'kh vuqlaèkku vkSj vkS|ksfxd vkèkkj] fo'ks"kKrk] izf'kf{kr tu'kfDr rFkk izksVksVkbi midj.kksa@
iz.kkfy;ksa osQ fodkl esa enn dj jgh gSaA ;s ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;k¡ gSa&
zzgkbMªkstu ÅtkZ (Hydrogen Energy)
zzjklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ls izkIr ÅtkZ&Ý;wy lsy (Fuel Cell)
zzcSVjh lapkfyr ÅtkZ (Battery Operated Energy)
zzHkw&rkih; ÅtkZ (Geothermal Energy)
zzegklkxjh; ÅtkZ (Ocean Energy)
zztSo&b±èku (Bio-Fuels)
mi;qZDr LoPN ÅtkZ rduhdksa dk Hkkjr o oSf'od Lrj ij fodkl o vuqiz;ksxksa ij ppkZ fuEu gS&
gkbMªkstu ÅtkZ (Hydrogen Energy)

gkbMªkstu ,d LoPN b±èku o ÅtkZ okgd (Energy Carrier) gS ftlds O;kid vuqç;ksx gSaA Hkfo"; esa ;g æo o
thok'e b±èku dk laHkkfor fodYi gks ldrk gSA
zzHkkjr esa bl {ks=k esa vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl gsrq ^jk"Vªh; gkbMªkstu ÅtkZ cksMZ* dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
zzgkbMªkstu ÅtkZ ls lacafèkr fo"k; esa fujarj 'kksèk ,oa vuqlaèkku dk;Z cukjl fganw fo'ofo|ky; esa tkjh gSA
uksV% gkbMªkt
s u fo”ku&2025 isVkª fs y;e mRikn ds HkaMkj.k ls lacfa èkr gSA
Ý;wy lsy % jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ls izkfIr (Fuel Cell : Obtain from Chemical Reaction)
LoPN vkSj n{krk;qDr fo|qr mRiUu djus gsrq Ý;wy lsy gkbMªkstu ;k vU; b±èku dh jklk;fud ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx
djrh gSaA Ý;wy lsy cSVjh dh rjg gksrh gSa tgk¡ ij ,uksM vkSj oSQFkksM nks bysDVªkWM gksrs gSa] tks vkil esa izfrfØ;k
djrs gSaA bysDVªksykbV bu pktZ d.kksa dks ,d bysDVªkWM ls nwljs bysDVªkWM esa ysdj tkrk gSA Ý;wy lsy dks lqpk# :i ls
dk;Z djus gsrq vkWDlhtu vkSj gkbMªkstu dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
lsy esa b±èku dk ÅtkZ eas ifjorZu oS|qr&jklk;fud izfØ;k (Electrochemical Process) }kjk gksrk gS] u fd ngu
}kjkA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mRizsjd f>Yyh
(MEA)
k (Air in)
ok;q izos'
o ty
u Å"ek r, Heat
gkbMªkst o k; q ]
u (Ai ut)
viz;qDr (Unused fu"dkl Water O
r
fu"dkfdlrogen Out) and
Hy
by lectr
(E
sDV on)
ªkWu
Ý;wy lsy
Ý;wy lsy osQ dbZ ykHk gSa&
zz;g b±èku ngu ls dbZ xquk ”;knk ÅtkZ n{krk rduhd gSA
zzblesa xzhugkml xSlksa dk 'kwU; mRltZu gksrk gSA
zzblesa lgmRikn (By Products) osQ :i esa ty o Å"ek mRiUu gksrh gS] ftls Øe'k% is;ty o Å"ek dk mi;ksx
?kj ;k vkWfiQl dks xeZ j[kus esa iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA
Ý;wy lsy dk oxhZdj.k bysDVªksykbV inkFkks± osQ vuqlkj gksrk gSA eq[;r% N% izdkj osQ Ý;wy lsy gks ldrs gSa&
1. ,YosQykbu Ý;wy lsy 4. izksVkWu ,Dlpsat esaczsu Ý;wy lsy
2. eksYVu dkcksZusV Ý;wy lsy 5. lkWfyM vkWDlkbM Ý;wy lsy
3. iQkWLiQksfjd ,flM Ý;wy lsy 6. Mk;jsDV feFksukWy Ý;wy lsy
gkbMªkstu Ý;wy lsy (Hydrogen Fuel Cell)
gkbMªkstu dks Ý;wy lsy esa b±èku dh rjg iz;ksx fo|qr
(Electricity)
djus gsrq fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa }kjk 'kksèk py jgs gSa] D;ksafd
gkbMªkstu dk mRiknu o HkaMkj.k ,d cM+h pqukSrh cudj
lkeus vk jgh gSA gkbMªkstu Ý;wy lsy dh lajpuk Ý;wy
vkWDlhtu
lsy osQ leku gh gksrh gS] ftlesa gkbMªkstu b±èku gksrh gS gkbMªkstu
(Oxygen)
rFkk lgmRikn osQ :i esa ty o Å"ek izkIr gksrh gSA (Hydrogen)
uSuks rduhd ls gkbMªkstu dk mRiknu o HkaMkj.k

vklku%
gkbbªkstu vkèkkfjr xSlksyhu b±èku iznw"k.k o dkcZu rki o ty (Heat &
iqQV fizaV mRiUu djrs gSaA gkbbªkstu] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ Water)
lzksr osQ :i esa bldk ,d vPNk fodYi gSA okf.kfT;d gkbMªkstu Ý;wy lsy
Lrj ij mRiknu o HkaMkj.k dh dfBukbZ osQ dkj.k]
gkbbªkstu dk nksgu ugha gks ldk gSA
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,d egÙoiw.kZ [kkst esa gkbbªkstu HkaMkj.k dk u;k rjhdk [kkstk x;k gSA vesfjdk dh coZQys us'kuy yscksjsVjh] ÅtkZ
foHkkx osQ oSKkfudksa us ,d u;k inkFkZ [kkstk gS] tks fp=k& v
ok;q LFkSfrd eSXuhf'k;e dk uSuks d.k lfEeJ.k gSA
blls fcuk fdlh tfVy izfØ;k osQ gkbbªkstu HkaMkj.k
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lfEeJ.k eSXuhf'k;e èkkrq osQ uSuks
d.kksa ls cuk gS tks ikWyhfeFkkby ehFkkØkbys V
(Polymethyl methacrylete) osQ lk¡ps ij fNM+dk
x;k gSA
ikWyhfeFkkby ehFkkØkbysV] IysfDlXykl (Plexiglas)
dk ,d ikWyhej gSA ;g uSuksdaiksftV] ,d yphyk inkFkZ
Mg nanoparticle
gS rFkk fcuk èkkrq osQ vkWDlhdj.k }kjk lkekU; rki ij Organic Polymer with selective
gas permeability
gkbbªkstu dk vo'kks"k.k o mRltZu djus dh {kerk blesa fp=k& c
gSA blh {kerk osQ dkj.k gkbbªkstu HkaMkj.k] gkbbªkstu
cSVjh o gkbbªkstu Ý;wy lsy osQ csgrj fodkl esa ;g
Lithium
,d cM+h liQyrk gSA Bis(cyclopentadienyl)- Naphthalide Nanocomposites
magnesium
uksV% gky gh esa bafM;u vkW;y dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM vkSj VkVk eksVlZ us feydj Hkkjr dh igyh gkbMªkstu Ý;wy lsy
cl dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA c<+ jgs çnw"k.k o i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, bl cl dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k
gSA bldk Ý;wy gkbMªkstu o vkWDlhtu dk bLrseky djds cuk;k x;k gSA
cSVjh lapkfyr ÅtkZ (Battery Operated Energy):
cSVjh ,d ,slk midj.k gS tks can iz.kkyh osQ varxZr jklk;fud ÅtkZ lax`ghr djrh gS rFkk vko';drk iM+us ij
bls fo|qr ÅtkZ esa cny nsrh gSA ;g oS|qr&jklk;fud izfØ;k }kjk bls laiUu djrh gS tks bysDVªkWu LFkkukarj.k dh ,d
jklk;fud izfØ;k gSA cSVjh osQ rhu izeq[k Hkkx gksrs gSa ftlosQ fofHkUu dk;Z gksrs gSa] os gSa&
zz,uksM& bysDVªkWuksa dks ckÞ; l£dV esa R;kxrk gSA ;g cSVjh dk Í.kkRed Hkkx gksrk gSA
zzoSQFkksM& bysDVªkWuksa dks xzg.k djrk gSA ;g cSVjh dk èkukRed Hkkx gksrk gSA
zzbysDVªksykbV& vk;u osQ :i esa bysDVªkWuksa osQ izokg dk ekè;e gksrk gSA
cSVjh dk oxhZdj.k (Classification of Battery)

rhu oxks± esa oxhZdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS&
1. izkFkfed lsy (fjpktZ ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS) mnkgj.k& ,VkWfed cSVjh] ,YosQykbu cSVjh
2. f}rh;d lsy (fjpktZ fd;k tk ldrk gS) mnkgj.k& yhfFk;e&vk;u cSVjh] ysM&,flM cSVjh
3. vuqiz;ksx vkèkkfjr lsy (cSVjh lsy] cSdvi cSVjh)
isij cSVjh (Paper Battery)
;g mPp ÅtkZ cSVjh (High Energy Battery) o lqij osQisflVj (Super Capacitor) nksuksa dh rjg dk;Z djrh gS]
tcfd ikjaifjd cSVjh esa ;s vyx&vyx ?kVd gksrs gSaA isij cSVjh] lqij oSQisflVj osQ :i esa 40,000 pktZ@fMLpktZ
pØksa dks iwjk dj ldrk gSA isij cSVjh dks vklkuh ls eksM+k] dkVk ;k vuqiz;ksx osQ vuqlkj fofHkUu vkdkj fn;k tk
ldrk gS] blls cSVjh dh dk;Z n{krk rFkk xq.koÙkk esa dksbZ {k; (Loss) ugha gksrkA
bysfDVªd o gkbfczM dkjsa] ftls 'kh?kz ÅtkZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS] osQ fy;s isij cSVjh dkiQh ykHknk;d gks
ldrh gSA ;g forj.k fxzM (Distribution Grid) ij] tgk¡ cM+h ek=kk esa fo|qr HkaMkj.k gksrk gS] osQ fy;s Hkh dkiQh
ykHknk;d gSA mRikfnr vfrfjDr (Surplus) fctyh bu isij cSVfj;ksa esa HkaMkfjr dh tk ldrh gS ftls ckn esa mPp
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ekax osQ le; (Rush or Peak Hours) ij iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA iou o lkSj ÅtkZ }kjk mRikfnr ÅtkZ Hkh bu isij
cSVfj;ksa esas HkaMkfjr dh tk ldrh gSA
ok;jl fufeZr uSuks e'khu cSVjh
eslkpqlsV~l baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ VsDuksykWth osQ ck;ksbathfu;fjax dh Vhe us ok;jl ls pkfyr cSVjh fu£er dh gSA bl
ok;jl dk uke M-13 cSDVhfj;ksisQt gS tks euq"; osQ fy;s vgkfudkjd ok;jl gSA M-13 cSDVhfj;ksisQt dh izeq[k
fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;g vdkcZfud inkFkks± dh vksj vkd£"kr gksrk gS rFkk ;g tsusfVdyh ekWMhiQkbM gSA izR;sd ok;jl
ij lksus rFkk dksckYV vkWDlkbM dh ijr p<+kbZ tk ldrh gS tks bls uSuksok;j osQ VqdM+s esa :ikarfjr dj nsrk gSA tc
bl ok;jl dks ,d psu tSlh lajpuk esa tksM+k tkrk gS rc ;g ,d fiQYe dk fuekZ.k djrk gS tks ,uksM dh rjg
dk;Z djrk gSA ;g cSVjh dk Í.kkRed fljk gksrk gSA
èkukRed fljk] oSQFkksM cukus gsrq 'kksèkdrkZvksa us ,sls ok;jl dk iz;ksx fd;k] tks vk;ju iQkWLisQV o dkcZu uSuksV~;wc
dh vksj vkd£"kr gks losQA ;s ty osQ leku] ftl crZu esa j[ks tkrs gSa] mlh dk vkdkj ys ysrs gSaA bl iqu% pktZ
dj ldus ;ksX; cSVjh dk gkbfczM dkj esa iz;ksx dk fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS] D;ksafd ikjaifjd cSVjh dh rjg gh blesa
ÅtkZ n{krk o izn'kZu gSA
'kksèkdrkZvksa osQ vuqlkj bl ok;jl&fcYM cSVjh ls cgqr lkjs bysDVªkWfud midj.kksa dks pktZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA
bl ck;ks&cSVjh osQ dbZ iQk;ns gSa&
zz;g i;kZoj.k vuqowQy i¼fr ls fu£er dh tkrh gSA
zz;g fuekZrkvksa osQ fy;s lLrh iM+rh gSA
zzfcuk fdlh gkfudkjd foyk;d dk iz;ksx fd;s bldk fuekZ.k lkekU; rki ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzcSVjh dh lkexzh fo"kSyh ugha gksrhA
bl ok;jl&fcYM ck;ks cSVjh dk uewuk cuk;k tk pqdk gSA vc bls vkSj mPp oksYVst o {kerk gsrq fodflr
fd;k tk jgk gS] tks Hkfo"; esa okf.kfT;d Lrj ij iz;ksx dh tk losQxhA
tyfo|qr (Hydro Electricity)
tyfo|qr dk mRiknu o"kkZ ds laxfBr ty dks ckaèk ls ,d Å¡pkbZ ls Vjckbu ij vkjksfir djds] Vjckbu ,oa
tsujsVj dks lapkfyr djds fd;k tkrk gSA tks ty Vjckbu ij fxjus ds ckn cp tkrk gS] og ufn;ksa o ugjksa esa cgk
fn;k tkrk gS vkSj ckn esa Ñf"k ds iz;ksx esa yk;k
tkrk gSA ty dh xfr dk iz;ksx Vjckbu pykdj
fo|qr mRiUu djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy;s
cM+s ckaèk o tyk'k; dk fuekZ.k vko';d gksrk
gSA fo'o esa ÅtkZ dk yxHkx ,d&pkSFkkbZ fgLlk
tyfo|qr ls mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA fo'o esa
tyfo|qr ds vxz.kh mRiknd ns'k ijkXos] ukWosZ]
czk”khy vkSj phu gSaA Hkkjr esa dqN egÙoiw.kZ
tyfo|qr dsanz Hkk[kM+k ukaxy] xkaèkhlkxj] ukxktqZu
lkxj vkSj nkeksnj unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk,¡ gSaA ty fo|qr
egklkxjh; ÅtkZ (Ocean Energy)

egklkxj i`Foh dh lrg ds 70 izfr'kr Hkkx ij vofLFkr gS rFkk rjax ÅtkZ] Tokjh; ÅtkZ] egklkxjh; èkkjkvksa o
rkieku esa varj ds :i esa cgqr cM+h ek=kk esa ÅtkZ ds lzksr gSaA Hkkjr dh rVjs[kk dh yackbZ vfèkd gS ftlesa ,'pqvjh
o [kkfM+;k¡ gSa] ftlls fo|qr mRiknu dh izpqj laHkkouk gSA
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uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; }kjk egklkxjh; ÅtkZ dks ubZ rduhd ;kstuk esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS rFkk
blds fodkl o vuqlaèkku ij dk;Zjr gSA 100 ls vfèkd egklkxjh; ÅtkZ dh ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk fodkl 30 ls
vfèkd ns'kksa esa gks jgk gS] ftlesa vfèkdka'k okf.kfT;d Lrj ij 'kq#vkrh pj.k esa gS ;k izn'kZu ds Lrj ij miyCèk gSaA
mn~ns'; (Objectives)
ea=kky; dk mís'; ns'k esa egklkxjh; ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa ubZ rduhdh fodkl o vuqlaèkku dks lg;ksx iznku djuk
o ÅtkZ mRiknu gsrq ckèkkvksa dks nwj dj ns'k esa bldh LFkkiuk djuk gSA
orZeku esa vkèkqfud rduhdksa }kjk egklkxjh; ÅtkZ dk nksgu gks jgk gS&
rjax ÅtkZ (Wave Energy)
Tokj ds foijhr rjaxsa leqnz ds ty dks yxkrkj xfr esa j[krh gSaA ,d ds ckn ,d rjaxksa ds mnxz :i ls mBus vkSj
fxjus dks ÅtkZ mRiknu ds fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr ds ikl rVjs[kk ds lgkjs rjax ÅtkZ dh oqQy laHkkfor
{kerk 40000 esxkokV gSA
rjax ÅtkZ ls fo|qr mRiknu djus ds fy;s fo|qr tsujsVj egklkxjh; lrg ij LFkkfir fd;s tkrs gSaA ÅtkZ dh ek=kk]
rjax dh yackbZ] xfr o rjaxnSè;Z o ty?kuRo ij fuHkZj djrh gSA orZeku esa fxurh ds gh izk;ksfxd rkSj ij lapkfyr
rjax tsujsVj fo'o Lrj ij dk;Zjr gSaA
rjax mQtkZ ls ykHk rjax mQtkZ ls gkfu
1. uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksr 1. oqQN LFkkuksa ds fy;s mi;qDr
2. i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh 2. leqnzh ikfjra=k ij izHkko
3. izpqj ek=kk esa vkSj O;kid :i ls miyCèk 3. futh vkSj O;kolkf;d tgk”kksa ds fy;s leL;k
4. vklkuh ls mEehn ds eqrkfcd 4. [kjkc ekSle esa n{krk ij vlj
5. Hkwfe ij dksbZ izHkko ugha 5. 'kksj ,oa n`'; (Visual) iznw"k.k
6. fdlh b±èku dh vko';drk ugha rFkk dksbZ vif'k"V mRiUu
ugha gksrk
Hkkjr esa leqnz fodkl foHkkx rjaxh; ÅtkZ ds nksgu ds fy;s uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA leqnzh vfHk;kaf=kdh
foHkkx] jk"Vªh; rduhdh dsanz }kjk dsjy ds fof>~agte esa ,d ifj;kstuk LFkkfir dh gSA ;g ekulwu ds nkSjku mPpre
ÅtkZ 150 fdyksokV rFkk foijhr ekSle esa fuEurj Lrj ij 25 fdyksokV ÅtkZ dk mRiknu djrk gSA
Tokjh; ÅtkZ (Tidal Energy)
Tokjh; ÅtkZ ,d rjg dh iufctyh gS] ftlesa Tokj&HkkVk dh ÅtkZ dks fctyh esa cnyk tkrk gSA blds fy;s
Tokj&HkkVk dh ygj dh Å¡pkbZ 5 ehVj ls vfèkd gksuh
pkfg;sA
Tokjh; ÅtkZ }kjk fo|qr mRiknu gsrq Tokjh; ÅtkZ
tsujsVj dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Vjckbu ikuh ds
vanj ogk¡ yxk, tkrs gSa] tgk¡ mPp Tokjh; xfr;k¡ mRiUu
gksrh gSaA
Tokjh; ÅtkZ dks laxzg djus ds fy;s [kkM+h ;k
eqgkus ij ,d ckaèk cuk;k tkrk gS] ftlesa tyk'k; rS;kj
gksrk gSA tSls&tSls Tokj&HkkVk dh ygjsa mBrh gSa] 'kq:
esa ikuh dks [kkM+h esa ?kqlus ls jksdk tkrk gS] ysfdu Tokjh; mQtkZ
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
tSls gh ygjsa Å¡ph gksrh tkrh gSa vkSj budk osx Vjckbu pykus ds fy;s dkiQh gksrk gS rks ckaèk Hkh [kksy fn;k tkrk gS
vkSj ikuh blls gksdj tyk'k; esa fxjrk gS ftlls Vjckbu ds ia[k ?kwers gSa vkSj fo|qr iSnk gksrh gSA iqu% tSls gh tyk'k;
Hkjrk gS ckaèk can dj fn;k tkrk gS] ikuh dk izokg #d tkrk gS] ikuh tyk'k; esa gh caèk tkrk gS_ blls Tokj&HkkVs ds
mrjus ds le; tyk'k; dk ikuh egklkxj Lrj ls vfèkd gksrk gSA bl le; ck¡èk dks [kksydj Vjckbu dks foijhr
fn'kk esa ?kqekdj fo|qr iSnk dh tkrh gS vkSj ikuh tyk'k; ls ckgj vkrk gSA
Tokjh; ÅtkZ ls ykHk Tokjh; ÅtkZ ls gkfu
zz;g v{k; ÅtkZ lzksr gSA zzbldh fuekZ.k ykxr vis{kkÑr vfèkd gSA
zzi;kZoj.k fgrS"kh gSA zzblds la;=a k oqQN pqfuank LFkkuksa ij gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
zzcM+h ek=kk esa ÅtkZ mRiknu fd;k tk ldrk gSA zzizkÑfrd vojksèkd dk dk;Z djrh gSA
zzTokj&HkkVs ds de&”;knk dk vuqeku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA zzleqnzh ikfjra=k ij vlj djrh gSA
zzTokjh; ÅtkZ dh n{krk cgqr vfèkd gS zzokLrfod ÅtkZ mRiknu oqQN le; dk gksrk gSA
zzj[k&j[kko [kpZ vis{kkÑr de gSA zzorZeku esa ;g rduhd cgqr eg¡xh gSA
zzTokjh; ÅtkZ dk thou dky cgqr vfèkd gksrk gSA zzVªkalfe'ku eqf'dy ,oa eg¡xk gSA
zzblls dksbZ gkfudkjd xSl ugha fudyrh gSA
Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa

Hkkjr esa Tokjh; ÅtkZ dh laHkkfor {kerk 9000MW gS_ blesa ls [kaHkkr dh [kkM+h esa 7000 MW, dPN dh [kkM+h
esa 1200 MW rFkk xaxk ds lqanjcu MsYVk ds iwohZ fdukjs esa 100 MW vkfn dh laHkkfor {kerk gSA 2010 esa dYilj
(Kalpasar), [kaHkkr dh [kkM+h esa Tokjh; ÅtkZ ds fy;s mi;qDr LFkku dh [kkst ;w-,u-Mhih ds fo'ks"kKksa }kjk dh xbZ gSA
tuojh 2011 esa xqtjkr ljdkj us ,f'k;k dk igyk O;kolkf;d Tokjh; ÅtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
leqæh rkih; ÅtkZ :ikarj.k (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion- OTEC)

,d m".kdfVcaèkh; ns'k gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa lrg ds ikuh vkSj xgjs leqnz ds chp rkieku esa yxkrkj fHkUurk
miyCèk jgrh gSA bl fHkUurk dk iz;ksx fctyh
mRiknu rFkk LoPN ty izkfIr esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA
OTEC fo|qr la;a=k dsoy rHkh izpkfyr gksrs gSa]
tc egklkxj ds i`"B ij ty dk rki rFkk
2 fdeh- rd dh xgjkbZ ij ty ds rki esa 20ºC
dk varj gksrk gSA
'kksèkdrkZ OTEC rduhd ds nks izdkjksa ij
dsafær gSa ftlls fo|qr mRiknu gksrk gS&
zzcan pØ (Closed Cycle)
zz[kqyk pØ (Open Cycle)
can pØh; iz.kkyh esa ,d dk;kZRed æo tSls
veksfu;k dk iz;ksx rki ifjorZd o ok"ihdkjd
(Heat Exchanger and Vaporizer) ds :i esa gksrk
gS tks Vjckbu dks ?kqekrk gSA OTEC la;a=k dh dk;Z i¼fr
[kqyh pØh; iz.kkyh esa xeZ ikuh dh lrg dks
fuokZr d{k esa ncko Mkydj ty dks ok"i esa cnyk tkrk gS ftlls Vjckbu pyrh gSA
OTEC }kjk Hkkjr esa yxHkx 1,80,000 esxkokV ÅtkZ mRiknu dh laLFkkfir {kerk vk¡dh xbZ gSA
244
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lrgh ty ds rkieku dk mi;ksx veksfu;k vkSj izksisu tSls oqQN fuEu DoFkukad ds dkcZfud nzoksa dks xeZ djus
ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS] rc ;g okf"ir gksdj ok"i dk fuekZ.k djrh gS] ftlls Vjckbu pyrk gSA egklkxjksa dh xgjkb;ksa
ls BaMs ty dks iaiksa ls [khapdj ok"i dks BaMk djds fiQj ls nzo esa la?kfur fd;k tkrk gSA vxj xgjh egklkxjh; ty
fLFkfr rV ls 2 ls 3 fdeh- u”knhd miyCèk gS rks OTEC IysViQkWeZ dk fuekZ.k ”kehu ij fd;k tkrk gS vU;Fkk rSjrs
gq, IysViQkWeZ dh ”k:jr gksrh gSA
fctyh mRiknu ds vykok OTEC la;a=k ikuh dks LoPN djus esa iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ty dk iz;ksx
ekuo ds fy;s rFkk Ñf"k esa gks ldrk gSA OTEC la;a=k jlk;u VªhVesaV la;a=k ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vfèkd esxkokV gksus ij bldh mRiknu ykxr vU; fo|qr mRiknr ekè;eksa dh rqyuk esa oguh; gksrh gSA
Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa
bl i¼fr dk mi;ksx djrs gq, y{k}hi ds dokjÙkh
}hi esa foyo.khdj.k dks liQyrkiwod Z dk;kZfUor fd;k
x;kA vc rVh; {ks=kksa esa ikuh dh ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus
ds fy;s cM+h {kerk okys la;a=k ds fuekZ.k gsrq iz;kl
fd;k tk jgk gSA ns'k ds lkeus vkus okyh fctyh vkSj
ikuh dh Hkkjh deh ds dkj.k bu {ks=kksa esa O;kid
vè;;u dh ekax gSA
jk"Vªh; leqnzh rduhdh laLFkku rFkk vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh
enzkl ,oa jk"Vªh; tgk”k vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl dsanz
oqQy'ks[kj iÙkue ds ikl 1MW {kerk ds la;a=k dh
LFkkiuk dj jgk gSA OTEC la;a=k
Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ (Geo-Thermal Energy)
Hkw&rkih; ÅtkZ dh dk;Zjr rduhdsa (Operational Techniques of Geothermal Energy):
i`Foh ds vkarfjd Hkkx esa izkÑfrd :i ls fLFkr Hkw&rkih; HkaMkjksa esa Å"ek dk izokg gksrk gS] tgk¡ xeZ ikuh o
ok"i HkwiVy ls ckgj fudyrs gSaA
;syksLVksu us'kuy ikdZ bldk ,d vPNk mnkgj.k
gSA ;gk¡ xeZ ikuh ds xh”kj yxkrkj HkwiiZVh ls ckgj Vjckbu tsujsVj ok;q ,oa
oa Q Ms U lj tyok"i
rs”k èkkjk ds lkFk fudyrs jgrs gSaA izFke Hkw&rkih;
owQfyax
ÅtkZ la;a=k] 'kq"d ok"i fctyh la;a=k FkkA fo|qr ok"i VkWoj
ok;q
mRiknu la;a=k] izkÑfrd Hkw&rkih; HkaMkj ls ok"i dk ok;q
ok"i ty
mi;ksx Vjckbu pykus o fo|qr mRiknu esa djrs gSaA foHkktd ty
bl izfØ;k esa fofHkUu rduhdksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk ty vif'k"V ty la?kuu

gS] tks bl izdkj gSa& izR;{k rki iz;ksx
zzMªkbZ LVhe IykaV (Dry Steam Plant): 'kq"d

Hkki ds lzksr eq[;r% xh”kj gksrs gSaA ,sls fjtokZ;j izksMD'ku osy Hkw&rkih; HkaMkj bUtsD'ku osy
(Reservoir) tks vfèkd Hkki o de ikuh mRl£tr
ÝyS'k LVhe thvksFkeZy ikoj IykaV dk js[kkfp=k
djrs gSa] dk iz;ksx fo|qr mRiknu esa fd;k tkrk
gSA Hkki dk iz;ksx Vjckbu dks pykus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
zzÝyS'k LVhe IykaV (Flash Steam Plant): xgjs fjtokZ;j esa ls vfèkd xeZ ikuh tc fMªy gksy ds ekè;e ls ckgj
fudyrk gS rks mPp nkc ;qDr Hkki mRl£tr gksrh gSA Hkki ds bl cy dk iz;ksx Vjckbu dks pykus ds fy;s fd;k
tkrk gSA Hkki la?kfur gksdj fiQj ls ikuh esa ifjo£rr gks tkrh gS tks fd okil fjtokZ;j esa pyk tkrk gSA fo'o esa
bl rduhd dk lokZfèkd iz;ksx gksrk gSA
245
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzckbujh ikoj IykWV (Binary Power Plant): bl rduhd esa Hkw&rkih; fjtokZ;j dk ikuh ;k Hkki Vjckbu ;k
tujsVj ;wfuV ds laioZQ esa ugha vkrk gSA
i;kZoj.kh; izHkko
i`Foh ds vR;ar uhps ls fudkys x, rjy inkFkZ esa xSlksa dk feJ.k gksrk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM
(CO2)] gkbMªkstu lYiQkbM (H2S)] ehFksu (CH4) vkSj veksfu;k (NH3)A ;s iznw"kd Xykscy okfe±x] vEy o"kkZ ds fy;s
mÙkjnk;h gSaA ekStwnk Hkw&rkih; fctyh la;a=k] vkSlr :i ls fctyh ds izfr esxkokV&?kaVs (MWh) esa 122 fdyks CO2
dk mRltZu djrs gSa] tks ikjaifjd thok'e b±èku ds la;a=kksa dh mRltZu rhozrk dh rqyuk esa ,d NksVk lk va'k gSA ,sls
la;a=k tgk¡ ,flM vkSj ok"i'khy jlk;uksa dk mPp Lrj vuqHko fd;k tkrk gS] os vkerkSj ij fudkl dks de djus ds
fy;s mRltZu fu;a=k.k iz.kkyh ls lqlfTtr gksrs gSaA Hkw&rkih; la;a=k bu xSlksa dks dkcZu fj”koZ vkSj HkaMkj.k ds ,d :i
esa fl¼karr% okil i`Foh esa Mky ldrk gSA
Hkw&rkih; lzksrksa ls vkus okys xeZ ikuh esa ?kqyh gqbZ xSlksa ds vykok] ”kgjhys jlk;u gks ldrs gSa] tSls& ikjk]
vklsZfud] cksjkWu] ,aVheuh vkSj uedA ikuh ds BaMk gksus ij ;s jlk;u ?kksy ls ckgj vk tkrs gSa vkSj vxj bUgsa NksM+k
x;k rks ;s i;kZoj.k dks {kfr igq¡pk ldrs gSaA mRiknu dks c<+kus ds fy;s [kfpZr Hkw&rkih; rjy inkFkZ dks okil i`Foh
esa Mkyus dh vkèkqfud iz.kkyh ls i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okyk izHkko de gks tkrk gSA
ck;ksekl ÅtkZ (Biomass Energy)

ck;ksekl ,d uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksr gS] tks ouLifr;ksa ,oa i'kqvksa ds vif'k"V ls curk gSA ck;ksekl ls ÅtkZ dk
mRltZu izdk'k la'ys"k.k ds nkSjku cus tSfod ijek.kqvksa ds jklk;fud caèkksa ds VwVus ;k tyus ls gksrk gSA bl izdkj
ck;ksekl lkSj ÅtkZ ds vizR;{k :i dks n'kkZrk gSA
tSo ÅtkZ ij vkèkkfjr ubZ rduhdsa
(New Technologies based on Bio-Energy):
;w-lh-,y-,- bathfu;fjax Ldwy o vIykbM lkbal ds 'kksèkdrkZvksa us lkbukscSDVhfj;k (Cyanobacteria) dks thu ds
Lrj ij la'kksfèkr djds dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dk iz;ksx dj æo b±èku vkblksC;wVsukWy dks cukus esa liQyrk izkIr dh gSA
vkblksC;wVsukWy] xSlksyhu dk vPNk fodYi gks ldrk gSA iwjh izfØ;k lw;Z ds izdk'k esa izdk'k la'ys"k.k }kjk gksrh gSA
lkbuks cSDVhfj;k ds dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM fLFkjhdj.k ,atkbe :fcLdks (Rubisco) dh ek=kk dks vkuqoaf'kd Lrj ij
c<+kdj ,slk fd;k x;kA blesa nwljs lw{e thoksa ds thu dks Hkh ysdj tksM+k x;kA
;g laof¼Zr cSDVhfj;k CO2 o lw;Z ds izdk'k ls vkblksC;wVkbjsfYMgkbM xSl (Isobutyraldehyde Gas) mRiUu
djrk gSA fuEu DoFkukad fcanq rFkk mPp ok"i nkc ds dkj.k xSl Lor% eqDr gks tkrh gSA ;g ubZ bathfu;MZ iztkfr lhèks
vkblksC;wVsukWy dk mRiknu djrh gSaA blds Hkfo"; es dbZ ykHk gks ldrs gSa&
zz;g tSo b±èku mRiknu dh lLrh iz.kkyh gSA
zzblesa tSoHkkj dks ifj"Ñr ugha djuk iM+rkA
zz;g izfØ;k lw;Z ds izdk'k esa izdk'k la'ys"k.k (Photosynthesis) }kjk iw.kZ gksrh gSA
zz;g izfØ;k CO2 dk miHkksx djrh gS] vr% CO2 dh fjlkb¯Dyx ls LoPN ÅtkZ ds lkFk 'kwU; dkcZu mRltZu gksrk gSA
'kSoky ls tSo&fo|qr (Bio-electricity from Algae)

izdk'k la'ys"k.k }kjk ikSèks] izdk'k ÅtkZ dks jklk;fud ÅtkZ esa ifjofrZr djrs gSaA ;g jklk;fud ÅtkZ 'kdZjk ckW.M
(Sugar Bonds) ds :i esa dksf'kdk esa HkaMkfjr gks tkrh gSA izdk'k la'ys"k.k dh izfØ;k DyksjksIykLV esa gksrh gSA izfØ;k
esa ty dk fo[kaMu vkWDlhtu] izksVkWu o bysDVªkWu esa gksrk gSA tc DyksjksIykLV ij lw;Z dk izdk'k iM+rk gS rFkk blesa
246
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mifLFkr bysDVªkWu mÙksftr gksdj mPp ÅtkZ laLrj dks izkIr djrs gSa] tgk¡ ;s izksVhu v.kqvksa }kjk idM+ fy;s tkrs gSaA bl
izdkj bysDVªkWu ,d Ükà[kyk esa izksVhu }kjk xq”kjrs gSa] tgk¡ ;s izksVhu bysDVªkWu dh ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx dj 'kdZjk v.kqvksa dk
la'ys"k.k djrs gSaA
LVSuiQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh ds 'kksèkdrkZvksa us ,d ubZ i¼fr fodflr dh ftlesa mUgksaus bysDVªkWuksa dh mPp ÅtkZ dks fo|qr
esa ifjofrZr fd;kA mUgksaus 'kSoky dh dksf'kdk fHkfÙk esa bl dk;Z gsrq fufeZr vYVªk'kiZ xksYM uSuksbysDVªksM dks yxk;k rFkk
bysDVªkWu dks bysDVªksM ij vkdf"kZr djk;k] ftlls lw{e ek=kk esa fo|qr èkkjk mRiUu gqbZA bl iwjh izfØ;k ds nkSjku 'kSoky
dksf'kdk thfor jghA 'kksèkdrkZvksa dk ekuuk gS fd ,dy dksf'kdk ls bysDVªkWu mRiUu dj fo|qr ÅtkZ mRikfnr dh tk
ldrh gSA bl ij vHkh 'kksèk py jgk gSA tSo&fo|qr (Bio-electricity) ds :i esa ÅtkZ mRiknu dh ;g 'kq#vkr gS tks
Hkfo"; esa LoPN ÅtkZ mRiknu dj ÅtkZ ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus esa lgk;d gks ldrk gSA
thu laof¼Zr rackowQ osQ ikSèkksa ls ck;ksMh”ky dk mRiknu
ck;ksVsDuksykWth iQkmaMs'ku iz;ksx'kkyk ds 'kksèkdrkZvksa us rackdw dh ifÙk;ksa esa rsy dh ek=kk dks c<+kus dh ubZ fofèk
fodflr dh gSA bldk iz;ksx dj Hkfo"; esa tSo b±èku cuk;k tk ldsxkA 'kksèkdrkZvksa ds vuqlkj rackdw ls nwljh Ñf"k
iQlyksa dh rqyuk esa vfèkd n{krk ds lkFk tSo b±èku dk mRiknu gks ldrk gSA ijarq blesa ,d vM+pu gS] rackowQ ds
cht esa izfr xzke Hkkj esa 40 izfr'kr gh rsy gksrk gSA lkFk gh rackowQ ds ikSèks esa rsy fu"d"kZ.k gsrq chtksa dh ek=kk i;kZIr
ugha gksrhA rackowQ dh ifÙk;ksa esa izfr xzke Hkkj esa 1-7 ls 4 izfr'kr rd gh rsy gksrk gSA
'kksèkdrkZvksa us Diacylglycerol acyltransferase–DGAT vkSj Leafy Cotyledon–2 thu dks ifjofrZr fd;k ftlds
iQyLo:i 6.8 izfr'kr izfr xzke Hkkj rsy izkIr gqvkA Hkfo"; esa rackowQ] tSo b±èku dk cgqr n{k lzksr cu ldrk gS]
D;ksafd ;g •k| iQlyksa dh rqyuk esa tSo b±èku mRiknu dk vPNk fodYi gSA
xzke xSlhdj.k izkS|ksfxdh lacaèkh vkn'kZ ;kstuk
(Ideal Plan for Village Gasification Technology)
mn~ns';
zzftu xk¡oksa esa fctyh ugha gS] ogk¡ ÅtkZ dh ekax dh iwfrZ ds fy;s mfpr rjhds ls LFkkuh; oU; ck;ksekl ds mi;ksx
}kjk fctyh mRiknu dj xzke leqnk; ds thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj djukA
zzjkr esa fctyh dh vkiwfrZ }kjk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa esgur de djuk] lk{kjrk vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+kok nsukA
zz{kerk fuekZ.k djuk vkSj yf{kr leqnk;ksa dks izkS|ksfxdh ds izpkyu vkSj vuqj{k.k igyqvksa esa rduhdh lg;ksx iznku djukA
zzck;ks xSlhdj.k izksxzke dks xk¡oksa rd igq¡pkus ds fy;s Lora=k ÅtkZ mRiknd (IPP), ÅtkZ lsok daifu;ksa] m|ksxksa] iapk;rksa]
Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa] xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dh tk jgh gSA
izLrkfor dk;Zdyki
zzizkS|ksfxdh LFkkiuk gsrq mi;qDr xk¡o dk p;uA
zzxk¡o dh fo|qr ekax dk ewY;kaduA
zzizkS|ksfxdh dks okLro esa LFkkfir djukA
zzxzke xSlhiQk;j izcaèku lfefr dk xBu djuk vkSj xSlhiQk;j la;a=k ds fnu&izfrfnu ds izpkyu gsrq LFkkuh; yksxksa
dks izf'k{k.k nsukA
zzxSlhiQk;j pykus ds fy;s b±èku ds fujarj lzksr ds :i esa rs”kh ls c<+us okyh LFkkuh; iztkfr;ksa ds ikSèkksa dk jksi.kA
dpjs ls ÅtkZ (Waste-to-Energy)

'kgjksa esa [kkyh 'khf'k;k¡] VwFkisLV] dkx”k] ikWfyFkhu] jn~nh] diM+s] [kk| lkexzh] cksry bR;kfn vif'k"V ,df=kr gksrs
gSaA bu vif'k"Vksa dk fuiVku orZeku esa ,d leL;k cuh gqbZ gSA ÅtkZ ladV dh oSf'od leL;k us bl leL;k dks ÅtkZ
ds :i esa iz;ksx dk fopkj fn;kA ;wjksi bl {ks=k esa vxz.kh jgk vkSj teZuh us dwM+s&dpjs ls fctyh cukus esa liQyrk
izkIr dhA
247
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr ds cgqr ls 'kgjksa esa bl izdkj ds la;a=k LFkkfir fd;s tk jgs gSaA blls Hkkjr esa c<+rh ÅtkZ dh ekax dh
leL;k rFkk dpjs ds fuLrkj.k dh leL;k nksuksa dk lekèkku gks ldrk gSA
tkiku dh rksf'kck daiuh us FkeksZIykfLVd ds dpjs ls b±èku rsy cukus dh rduhd fodflr dh gSA oSKkfudksa ds
vuqlkj] bl dk;Z ds fy;s ftruh ÅtkZ [kpZ gksrh gS] mldh rhu xquh vfèkd ÅtkZ izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA i`Foh dks
iznwf"kr djus okys IykfLVd dpjs dk yxHkx 20 izfr'kr fgLlk FkeksZIykfLVd gksrk gSA bl rjg ls iznw"k.k dh leL;k
ds lkFk&lkFk ÅtkZ izkfIr dk fodYi miyCèk gksxkA
Hkkjr ds izeq[k laxBu] ;kstuk,¡ ,oa dk;ZØe

(Major Organisation, Schemes and Programme of India)
Hkkjrh; v{k; ÅtkZ fodkl laLFkk fyfeVsM

(Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited- IREDA)
Hkkjrh; v{k; ÅtkZ fodkl laLFkk fyfeVsM (bjsMk) ,d feuh jRu (Js.kh-1)] Hkkjr ljdkj dk izfr"Bku tks uohu
,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; (,e-,u-vkj-bZ-) ds iz'kklfud fu;a=k.k ds vèkhu daiuh gSA bjsMk lkoZtfud fyfeVsM
ljdkjh daiuh gS] ftls o"kZ 1987 esa xSj&cSafdax foÙkh; laLFkk ds :i esa uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa vkSj ÅtkZ
n{krk@laj{k.k ls lacafèkr ifj;kstukvksa (izkstsDV) dks yxkus gsrq c<+kok nsus] fodflr djus vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk nsus ds
fy;s LFkkfir fd;k x;k ftldk mn~ns'; 'kk'or ÅtkZ gSA
mn~ns';
zzuohu ,oa uohdj.kh; lzksrksa ds ”kfj;s fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiknu vkSj ÅtkZ n{krk ds ”kfj;s ÅtkZ laj{k.k gsrq fof'k"V
ifj;kstukvksa ,oa Ldheksa ds fy;s foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djukA
zzuohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ,oa ÅtkZ n{krk@laj{k.k ifj;kstukvksa esa n{k ,oa izHkkoh foÙkiks"k.k djus ds fy;s vxz.kh laxBu ds
:i esa viuh fLFkfr dks cuk, j[kukA
zziz.kkfy;ksa] izfØ;kvksa ,oa lalkèkuksa esa lrr~ lqèkkj ds ”kfj;s miHkksDrkvksa dks iznku dh xbZ lsokvksa dh n{krk esa lqèkkjA
lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj (Solar Energy City)

le; dh ekax dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; us lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgjksa ds fodkl dk;ZØe
dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA ns'k ds 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ds mi;ksx dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy;s 60 'kgjksa dks lksyj
flVh (lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj) cuk;k tk,xkA buesa cM+s&NksVs lHkh Lrj ds 'kgjksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,xk vkSj izR;sd jkT; esa
de&ls&de ,d 'kgj dks lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj cuk;k tk,xkA
2017 rd LFkkfir gksus okys bu lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgjksa dks uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; dh vksj ls vkfFkZd
lgk;rk Hkh nsus dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj ds p;u ds fy;s 'kgj dh tula[;k] vkl&ikl ds {ks=kksa esa ml 'kgj dk egÙo] ogk¡ dk iznw"k.k
Lrj] ogk¡ ds iz'kklu dh rjiQ ls mBk, x, dne o dbZ vU; ph”kksa dk è;ku j[kk tk,xkA uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ
ea=kky; ds vuqlkj] lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj dk ntkZ ikus ds fy;s ml 'kgj esa iqjkus cYc dk mi;ksx fcYdqy can dj ,y-bZ-Mh
o lh-,iQ-,y dk mi;ksx djuk gksxkA
;g Hkh è;ku esa j[kk tk,xk fd ml 'kgj dh VªSfiQd ykbV ,y-bZ-Mh gks] LVªhV ykbV lsalj rduhd ds lgkjs Lo;a
can o pkyw gksrh gks] ikuh ds fy;s mi;ksx gksus okyh eksVjsa o iai de ÅtkZ dh [kir djus okys gksa] ml 'kgj esa
iQksVksoksfYVd lksyj iz.kkyh ls tqM+s midj.k dk mi;ksx gks vkSj jlksbZ ls fudyus okys dpjs dk mi;ksx fctyh cukus
ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gksA
248
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lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj dk ntkZ izkIr djus dh izfØ;k 'kq: djus okys 'kgj dks gh dsanzh; lgk;rk nh tk,xhA dsanzh;
lgk;rk ds ik=k 'kgj esa lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj izdks"B (lksyj flVh lsy) dh LFkkiuk djuk vfuok;Z gSA lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgjksa
dh igpku dk vkèkkj tula[;k] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa dh {kerk vkSj ÅtkZ laj{k.k] LFkkuh; ljdkj vkSj vke turk
rFkk m|ksxksa }kjk bl {ks=k esa fd;s tk jgs iz;kl gSaA 'kgjksa dh tula[;k 50 g”kkj ls 50 yk[k ds chp gksuh pkfg;s]
gkyk¡fd fo'ks"k Js.kh okys jkT;ksa tSls iwoksZÙkj vkSj ioZrh; jkT;] }hi rFkk dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds ekeys esa blesa NwV jgsxhA
lkSj ÅtkZ 'kgj dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ea=kky; ds lHkh iz;klksa dks lekfgr djuk Hkh gS]
ftlls 'kgjh {ks=kksa dh ÅtkZ leL;kvksa dks lexz :i ls fuiVk;k tk ldsA ea=kky; ds fofHkUu dneksa esa 'kkfey gSa&
zz?kjksa] gksVyksa] Nk=kkoklksa] vLirkyksa vkSj m|ksxksa esa lksyj okVj ghfVax flLVe ds mi;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djukA
zz'kgjh {ks=kksa esa tkx:drk c<+kus ds fy;s izn'kZu gsrq lksyj iQksVksoksfYVd iz.kkyh vkSj midj.kksa dks 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa
LFkkfir djukA
zzv{k; ÅtkZ nqdkuksa dh LFkkiuk djukA
zzlkSj bekjrksa dk izk:i rS;kj djukA
zzÅtkZ ifj;kstukvksa] 'kgjh rFkk vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V ds mi;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djukA
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;

(Ministry of New and Renewable Energy – MNRE)
;g ea=kky; uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ls lacafèkr lHkh ekeyksa ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj dk uksMy ea=kky; gSA ea=kky;
dk eq[; mn~ns'; ns'k dh ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s uohu vkSj v{k; ÅtkZ dk fodkl rFkk LFkkiuk djuk gSA
vkfnR; lkSj dk;Z'kkyk,¡ (Aditya Solar Workshop)

Hkkjr ljdkj ds vikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksr ea=kky; ds lg;ksx ls ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxkas esa vkfnR; lkSj dk;Z'kkyk,¡
LFkkfir dh tk jgh gSaA uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ midj.kksa dh fcØh] j[k&j[kko] ejEer ,oa rRlacaèkh lwpuk dk izpkj&izlkj
budk eq[; dk;Z gksxkA ljdkj bl gsrq ,deq'r èku vkSj nks o"kks± rd dqN vkorhZ jkf'k miyCèk djkrh gSA
xzhu ,uthZ dkWfjMksj (Green Energy Corridor)

dsanz ljdkj ` 43,000 djksM+ dh bl ifj;kstuk ij dk;Z dj jgh gSA xzhu ,uthZ dkWfjMksj fo'ks"k :i ls uohdj.kh;
ÅtkZ (Renewable Energy) dks] tks fd reke uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ izkstsDVksa ls izkIr gksrh gS] jk"Vªh; fxzM ls tksM+us dh
;kstuk gSA bl ifj;kstuk dk y{; mÙkjh fxzM o nf{k.kh fxzM dks tksM+us dk Hkh gS] tks fo'o dk lcls cM+k ,dy
Vªkalfe'ku fxzM gksxkA
dks;yk vkiwfrZ uhfr ^'kfDr* (Coal Supply Policy ‘SHAKTI’)

zz18 ebZ] 2017 dks dsaæ ljdkj us fctyh {ks=k ds fy;s ubZ dks;yk fyadst uhfr&'kfDr [SHAKTI-Scheme for
Harnessing and Allocating Koyla (Coal) Transparently in India] dks ea”kwjh ns nhA
zz^'kfDr* (ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk dks;yk nksgu vkSj vkoaVu dh ;kstuk) dh ifjdYiuk fctyh bdkb;ksa ds fy;s vfèkdre
çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk vkoaVu djus ds fy;s dh xbZ gSA
zzfctyh {ks=k ds fy;s fyadst ds vkoaVu fyadst dh uhykeh ds vkèkkj ij ;k fctyh •jhn le>kSrs (Power Purchase
Agreement- PPA) ds ”kfj;s gksaxsA
zzblesa jkT; vkSj dsaæ ljdkj dh fctyh daifu;ksa dks NwV feysxh] tks VSfjiQ uhfr] 2016 esa çnku dh xbZ gSA

249
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzyacs le; ls vVdh bl dks;yk •nku uhfr dks ea”kwjh feyus ls ns'k esa 30,000 esxkokV {kerk ds mu fctyh la;a=kksa
esa mRiknu 'kq: gks tk,xk] ftUgsa dks;yk vkiwfrZ ugha gks ik jgh FkhA
zzblls futh {ks=kksa dh fctyh daifu;ksa&fjyk;al ikoj] vMk.kh ikoj] ySadkas] th-,e-vkj- ,uthZ] Mh-ch- ikoj vkSj ds-
,l-ds ,uthZ vkfn dks iQk;nk feysxkA
zzbl dne ds ”kfj;s ljdkj vk;kfrr dks;ys ij fuHkZjrk Hkh de djuk pkgrh gSA
zzubZ uhfr ds rgr ljdkjh forj.k daifu;ksa dks dks;yk •nkuksa dk vkoaVu fd;k tk,xkA ;s daifu;k¡ fiQj bu •nkuksa
dks dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa dh fctyh mRiknu daifu;ksa dks vkoaVu vkSj futh daifu;ksa dks uhykeh ds ”kfj;s nsaxhA
zzfuth daifu;ksa dks ?kjsyw dks;ys ij vkèkkfjr fctyh •jhn le>kSrs ds rgr uhykeh ds vkèkkj ij dks;yk •nku
vkoafVr fd;s tk,axsA ;s futh daifu;k¡ ekStwnk nj esa fj;k;r ds fy;s cksyh yxk,axhA bl fj;k;r dk lek;kstu
dks;yk vkiwfrZ ds fcy ls fd;k tk,xkA
zzjkT;ksa ds lewg dh fctyh ”k:jrksa dks vkil esa tksM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj fctyh •jhn ds fy;s 'kqYd vkèkkfjr cksyh
çfØ;k dk fuèkkZj.k ,d ukfer laLFkk djsxhA
nhun;ky mikè;k; xzke T;ksfr ;kstuk (Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana)
zzo"kZ 2015 esa izèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh us iVuk esa ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds ,d çeq[k dk;ZØe ds :i esa nhun;ky mikè;k;
xzke T;ksfr ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA blls 24 ?kaVs fctyh vkiwfrZ esa enn feysxhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lHkh Lrjksa ij ehVfjax lfgr iQhMj lsijs'ku rFkk lc&Vªkalfe'ku vkSj forj.k
lfgr cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks e”kcwr djus ij è;ku dsafnzr fd;k x;k gSA
zzjktho xkaèkh xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k ;kstuk (RGGVY) dks xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k ?kVd ds :i esa ubZ ;kstuk esa 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; lHkh xk¡oksa dk fo|qrhdj.k djuk gSA
ykHk
zzlHkh ?kjksa o xk¡oksa dks 24 ?kaVs fctyh feysxhA
zzi;kZIr ek=kk esa o le; ij flapkbZ gksus ls Ñf"k iSnkokj esa c<+ksrjh gksxhA
zzy?kq o ?kjsyw m|eksa dk O;kikj c<+sxk_ LokLF;] f'k{kk] cSafdax lsokvksa esa lqèkkj] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfo”ku] baVjusV vkSj eksckby
vkfn rd igq¡p esa lqèkkj gksxkA lkFk gh fctyh dh miyCèkrk ds dkj.k lkekftd lqj{kk csgrj gksxhA blds vfrfjDr
Ldwyksa] iapk;rksa] vLirkyksa vkSj iqfyl Fkkuksa vkfn esa Hkh fctyh dh igq¡p esa lqèkkj vk,xkA
zzLi"V gS fd blls xzkeh.k bykdksa ds foLr`r fodkl ds fy;s vfèkdkfèkd volj izkIr gksaxsA
jhok vYVªk lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk (Rewa Ultra Solar Power Project)
zz;g ifj;kstuk nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk gS] ftlls 750 esxkokV fctyh dk mRiknu gksxkA
zzfo'o cSad eè; çns'k esa cu jgh jhok vYVªk esxk lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk dh vkarfjd ikjs"k.k O;oLFkk fodflr djus
ds fy;s ½.k nsxkA ½.k dk 25 çfr'kr fgLlk Dyhu VsDuksykWth iQaM dk gksxk] tks ,d dkiQh lLrk ½.k gS vkSj
ek=k 0.25 çfr'kr C;kt ij feyrk gSA ;g ½.k de nj ij çkIr gksus ls VSfjiQ ij 5 iSls dk ykHk vkdfyr gSA
zzjhok vYVªk esxk lksyj laLFkk ns'k dh ,slk ½.k ysus okyh igyh laLFkk cu xbZ gSA ;g fu.kZ; Hkkjr esa lkSj ÅtkZ ikdZ
fodkl ds fy;s fnYyh esa fo'o cSad ds lkFk 10 djksM+ MkWyj ½.k ds flyflys esa gqbZ cSBd ds nkSjku fy;k x;kA
zzfo'o cSad ;g ½.k bafM;u fjU;woy ,uthZ MsoyiesaV ,tsalh dks nsxk] tks ½.k dks ns'k esa lksyj ikdZ fodflr
djus okyksa esa forfjr djsxhA
250
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzorZeku esa ns'k esa bl ½.k dk ykHk ysus okyh ,dek=k laLFkk jhok vYVªk esxk lksyj gS vkSj blds }kjk gh fo'o
cSad ls foLr`r ppkZ dj ½.k LohÑr djok;k x;k gSA
zzbl lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk ds LFkkfir gksus ij eè; çns'k dks ` 14,000 djksM+ dh cpr gksxhA blds vykok blls
fnYyh esVªks dks fctyh nh tk,xhA
ubZ bekjr fu;ekoyh (New Building Rules)

zzgky gh esa ÅtkZ laj{k.k bekjr fu;ekoyh] 2017 (Energy Conservation Building Code, 2017) dk 'kqHkkjaHk
fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl v|ru fu;ekoyh esa bekjrksa dh ÅtkZ •ir dks de djus vkSj U;wu dkcZu mRltZu dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s
orZeku ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfo";ksUeq•h bekjr çkS|ksfxdh fodkl dk çkoèkku gSA
zz;g fu;ekoyh fo|qr ea=kky; vkSj ÅtkZ {kerk C;wjks (ch-bZ-bZ) }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ gS] ftlesa ns'k Hkj esa cukbZ tkus
okyh ubZ O;kolkf;d bekjrksa ds fy;s ÅtkZ ekud fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaA
fo'ks"krk,¡
zzbZ-lh-ch-lh] 2017 vçfrjksèkh fM”kkbu j.kuhfr;ksa dks 'kkfey djds uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ lzksrksa dks bekjr ds fM”kkbu esa
'kkfey djus ds fy;s fcYMjksa] fM”kkbujksa vkSj okLrqdkjksa gsrq iSjkehVlZ fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA
zzblesa ubZ bekjrksa ds fy;s Li"V funZs'k vkSj ekunaM fn;s x, gSa fd ;s lqij bZ-lh-ch-lh gksuh pkfg;sA blesa bekjr
çkS|ksfxdh ds orZeku vkSj Hkfo";ksUeq•h fodkl] ck”kkj ds ifjorZuksa vkSj ns'k esa ÅtkZ dh ekax ds ifjn`'; dks
n'kkZ;k x;k gS] Hkkjrh; bekjrksa ds fy;s csapekdZ fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSa] rkfd ;s fo'o dh lokZfèkd l{ke bekjrksa
esa 'kkfey gks ldsaA
zzbl fu;ekoyh dk mn~ns'; fuokfl;ksa dh lqfoèkkuqlkj ÅtkZ cpr dks ifjof¼Zr djuk vkSj O;kolkf;d bekjrksa dks
ÅtkZ rVLFk cukus ds fy;s thoupØ ewY; çHkkodkfjrk (Life-cycle cost effectiveness) dks ojh;rk çnku djuk gSA
zzfdlh bekjr dks bZ-lh-ch-lh vuqorZ ekuus ds fy;s blesa de&ls&de 25 çfr'kr ÅtkZ laj{k.k dks çnf'kZr djuk
vko';d gSA ÅtkZ {kerk çn'kZu esa vfrfjDr lqèkkjksa ls ubZ bekjrsa bZ-lh-ch-lh Iyl ;k bZ-lh-ch-lh lqij tSlk mPp
Lrj çkIr dj ysaxh] ftlesa Øe'k% 35 çfr'kr vkSj 50 çfr'kr dk ÅtkZ laj{k.k gksxkA
ykHk
zzns'k Hkj esa ubZ O;kolkf;d bekjrksa ds fuekZ.k esa bZ-lh-ch-lh] 2017 dks viukus ls vkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd o"kZ
2030 rd ÅtkZ •ir esa 50 çfr'kr dh deh dks gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA blls o"kZ 2030 rd yxHkx 300
fcfy;u bdkbZ ÅtkZ dk laj{k.k gksxk vkSj ,d o"kZ esa ÅtkZ dh mPpre ekax esa 15 xhxkokV ls ”;knk dh deh vk,xhA
zz;g 3500 djksM+ #i, ds •pZ dh cpr djus ds cjkcj gksxk vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM esa 250 fefy;u Vu dh
deh vk,xhA
lkSHkkX; ;kstuk (Saubhagya Yojana)

zzns'k ds lHkh xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa gj ?kj rd fctyh lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ,d uohu ;kstuk çèkkuea=kh
lgt fctyh gj ?kj ;kstuk (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har ghar Yojana) µlkSHkkX; dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
zzizèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh us 26 flracj] 2017 dks iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; dh tUe'krh ds ekSds ij ^lkSHkkX; ;kstuk*
dh 'kq#vkr dhA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; lHkh ?kjksa dks fctyh çnku djuk gS vFkkZr~ mu lHkh pkj djksM+ ifjokjksa dks fctyh dusD'ku
çnku djuk ftuds ikl orZeku esa fctyh dusD'ku ugha gSaA ;s dusD'ku xjhcksa dks eqÝr esa çnku fd;s tk,axsA
251
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl ;kstuk dh dqy ykxr ` 16,320 djksM+ gSA dsaæ ljdkj bl ;kstuk ds fy;s jkT;ksa vkSj la?k'kkflr çns'kksa dks
cM+s Lrj ij foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djsxhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dks 31 fnlacj] 2018 rd lHkh ?kjksa esa fctyh igq¡pkus dk
dk;Z iw.kZ djuk gksxkA
zz;kstuk ds varxZr fu%'kqYd fctyh dusD'ku ds fy;s ykHkdÙkkZ dk p;u o"kZ 2011 dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj
tkfr tux.kuk (,l-bZ-lh-lh) }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
zzblds lkFk gh ,lbZlhlh vk¡dM+ksa ds rgr fcuk fctyh okys ?kjksa esa Hkh ek=k ` 500 ds Hkqxrku }kjk dusD'ku çnku
fd;s tk,axsA ;g jkf'k fctyh fcy dh 10 fdLrksa esa okil dh tk,xhA
zznqxZe vkSj nwj&njk”k ds {ks=kksa esa fcuk fctyh okys ?kjksa esa cSVjh cSad lfgr 200 ls 300 MCY;w-ih- okys lkSj ÅtkZ
iSd çnku fd;s tk,axsA blesa 5 ,y-bZ-Mh ykbV] ,d Mh-lh- ia[kk vkSj ,d Mh-lh- ikoj Iyx lfEefyr gksaxsA
blds lkFk gh ik¡p o"kks± rd ejEer vkSj ns[kHkky Hkh dh tk,xhA
zzxzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k dkWikZsjs'ku fyfeVsM (vkj-bZ-lh) ns'k Hkj esa ;kstuk ds lapkyu ds fy;s uksMy ,tsalh gksxhA
mtkyk ;kstuk (Ujala Yojana)

zz;g lLrs ,y-bZ-Mh cYc ds forj.k dh fo'o dh lcls cM+h ;kstuk gSA
zzmYys•uh; gS fd nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s vkSj foLrkfjr ,y-bZ-Mh forj.k dk;ZØe] mtkyk dks çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us
5 tuojh] 2015 dks çkjaHk fd;k rFkk Hkkjr dh ÅtkZ •ir dks vf}rh; rjhds ls de djus dh igy 'kq: dhA
zzÅtkZ laj{k.k ds fy;s lLrs ,y-bZ-Mh cYcksa dks tu&tu rd igq¡pkus dh csgn liQy ;kstuk mtkyk Hkkjr ljdkj
dh ,d çeq• miyfCèk gSA
zzbl le; Hkkjr esa mtkyk ;kstuk ds varxZr 25 djksM+ ,y-bZ-Mh cYcksa dk forj.k fd;k tk pqdk gS] ftlds dkj.k
gj o"kZ 33.828 fefy;u fdyksokV ÅtkZ dh cpr gks jgh gS] tcfd ÅtkZ fcyksa ds :i esa çfro"kZ ` 13.531 djksM+
cp jgs gSa] çfro"kZd yxHkx 2,74,00,887 Vu dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM dh dVkSrh gqbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dh •kl ckr ;g gS fd blesa fcuk fdlh lfClMh lg;ksx ds ,y-bZ-Mh cYc lLrh njksa esa miyCèk djkus
dk ekWMy rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA bldk fØ;kUo;u Hkkjr ljdkj ds ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds vèkhu vkus okys miØe ÅtkZ
n{krk lsok fyfeVsM (EESL) }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
zzmtkyk midj.kksa dks 70 #i, çfr ,y-bZ-Mh cYc] 220 #i, çfr ,y-bZ-Mh VÔwCkykbV vkSj 1200 #i, çfr
iQSu •jhnk tk ldrk gSA midj.kksa dh dher esa cYc] forj.k] tkx:drk ykxr dh dher tSls ?kVd gksrs gSa] tks
çfrLi¼hZ cksyh] okf"kZd j•j•ko ykxr (,-,e-lh)] iwath dh ykxr vkSj ç'kklfud ykxr ds ekè;e ls r; dh tkrh gSA
zz7 flracj] 2017 dks dsaæh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds varxZr ÅtkZ n{krk lsok fyfeVsM (bZ-bZ-,l-,y) }kjk eysf'k;k ds
esykdk esa mtkyk ;kstuk dh 'kqjQvkr dh xbZA
zzesykdk çkar esa bl ;kstuk dks lHkh ds fy;s lLrh mUur T;ksfr ds uke ls tkuk tk,xkA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr esykdk çkar ds çR;sd ifjokj dks mPp xq.koÙkk okys 9 okV ds 10 ,y-bZ-Mh- cYc ek=k 10
vkj-,e (Malaysia Ringgit) esa feysaxs] tks ck”kkj ewY; dk yxHkx vkèkk gSA
zzbu ,y-bZ-Mh cYcksa dk forj.k {ks=k esa 28 tsiju esa fd;k tk,xkA fofnr gks fd tsiju ,sls fof'k"V lkeqnkf;d
dY;k.k vkSj O;kolkf;d dsaæ gSa] tks esykdu jkT; esa fLFkr gSaA
zzbl ;kstuk dks tgk¡ Hkkjr ljdkj ds bZ-bZ-,l-,y- }kjk fØ;kfUor fd;k tk,xk] ogha bldh ykWftfLVdy liksVZ ds
fy;s xzhu xzksFk ,f'k;k uked xSj&ykHkdkjh laxBu viuk lg;ksx ns jgk gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mn~ns';
zzHkkjr dh liQy vkSj fujarj foLrkj okyh ^mtkyk ;kstuk* dk ekWMy nqfu;k ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa Hkh yksdfç; gks x;k gSA
zzfczVsu ds ckn vc eysf'k;k esa bldh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gS] rkfd bldk ykHk bl {ks=k ds yksxksa dks fey ldsA
ykHk
zzblls u dsoy i;kZoj.k dks ykHk igq¡psxk cfYd {ks=k esa vkfFkZd fodkl ds u, ekxZ Hkh •qysaxsA
zzçR;sd cYc dk ewY; ,y-bZ-Mh cYcksa ds vkSlr oSf'od ewY; ls de gS] tks 3–5 vesfjdh MkWyj ds chp gSA
zzesykdk esa mtkyk ;kstuk ds varxZr bZ-bZ-,l-,y }kjk çnku fd;s tkus okys çR;sd cYc dh fdlh Hkh çdkj dh
rduhdh •jkch gksus ij rhu o"kZ rd eqÝr cnyus dh okjaVh gSA
ÅtkZ xaxk ifj;kstuk (Urja Ganga Pariyojana )

zzlu 24 vDrwcj] 2016 dks çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us mÙkj çns'k ds okjk.klh esa dsaæ ljdkj dh vfr egÙokdka{kh xSl
ikbiykbu ifj;kstuk ^ÅtkZ xaxk* dk f'kykU;kl fd;kA
zzbl xSl ikbiykbu ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ns'k ds iwohZ {ks=kksa dks [kkuk cukus ds fy;s ikbi }kjk xSl (PNG) miyCèk
djkuk rFkk xkfM+;ksa ds fy;s laihfMr çkÑfrd xSl (CNG) miyCèk djkuk gSA
zzmQtkZ xaxk ifj;kstuk iwohZ Hkkjr ds lkr 'kgjksa&okjk.klh] jkaph] dVd] iVuk] te'ksniqj] Hkqous'oj vkSj dksydkrk ds
fy;s 'kgj xSl forj.k ifj;kstuk gSA
zzbl ifj;kstuk esa o"kZ 2018 rd 2,540 fdeh- yach ikbiykbu fcNkus dk y{; j[kk x;k gS] ftlds rgr mÙkj çns'k
ds txnh'kiqj dks if'pe caxky ds gfYn;k ls tksM+k tk,xkA
zzjkT; }kjk lapkfyr xSl ;wfVfyVh&xSl vFkkWfjVh vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (GAIL) bl ifj;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor dj jgk
gS] ftlls ml {ks=k ds yksxksa dks lLrk o LoPN b±èku miyCèk djk;k tk ldsA
zzbl ifj;kstuk dks Hkkjr ds iwohZ {ks=k ds yksxksa ds lkewfgd fodkl ds fy;s ,d cM+s dne ds :i esa ns[kk tk jgk
gS] D;ksafd blds rgr yxHkx 20 yk[k ifjokjksa dks Hkkstu idkus ds fy;s ikbi }kjk xSl (PNG) nsus gsrq dusD'ku
fn;k tk,xkA
zzljdkjh vkdyuksa ds vuqlkj] bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr gj o"kZ xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa yxHkx ik¡p yk[k xSl fl¯yMj Hksts tk,axsA
zzÅtkZ xaxk ifj;kstuk ds varxZr xSl vFkkWfjVh vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (GAIL ) ds ekStwnk ikbiykbu usVodZ dks Hkh
e”kcwr fd;k tk,xkA blds vfrfjDr bl ifj;kstuk ds rgr 2540 fdeh- yach txnh'kiqj&gfYn;k vkSj cksdkjks&èkkejk
çkÑfrd xSl ikbiykbu ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh tk,xhA
ykHk
zzbl ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ikbiykbu ds }kjk yksxksa dks Hkkstu idkus dh xSl (PNG) miyCèk djkuk rFkk muds
thou Lrj esa lqèkkj djuk gSA
zzbl usVodZ ds fodkl ls iwohZ Hkkjr ds lkr 'kgj (okjk.klh] te'ksniqj] iVuk] jkaph] dksydkrk] Hkqous'oj] dVd)
lcls vfèkd ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
zzblds vykok èkkejk esa fLFkr rjy çkÑfrd xSl (LNG) VfeZuy Hkkjr ds iwohZ jkT;ksa& mÙkj çns'k] >kj[kaM] fcgkj]
if'pe caxky vkSj vksfM'kk ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds fy;s LoPN ÅtkZ ds lzksr ds :i esa dk;Z djsxkA
zzif'pe caxky ds nqxkZiqj] >kj[kaM ds ¯lnjh] mÙkj çns'k ds xksj[kiqj rFkk fcgkj ds cjkSuh esa LFkkfir fuf"Ø; moZjd
la;a=k dks nksckjk 'kq: djus ls u fliQZ {ks=k dh xSl vkiwfrZ esa lgk;rk feysxh cfYd blls jks”kxkj Hkh l`ftr gksaxsA
zzbl ikbiykbu ds }kjk bl iwjs {ks=k ds LVhy la;a=kksa] ÅtkZ la;a=kksa] cjkSuh o gfYn;k esa LFkkfir fjiQkbufj;ksa rFkk vU;
cM+h fofuekZ.k bdkb;ksa dks çkÑfrd xSl dh vkiwfrZ dh tk,xhA
253
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
tokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission- JNNSM)
tokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku dks rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh MkW- eueksgu flag }kjk 11 tuojh] 2010 dks 'kq:
fd;k x;kA
mn~ns';
zznh?kkZofèk uhfr
zzcM+s iSekus ij çlkj ds y{;
zzm|e'khy vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
zzegÙoiw.kZ dPph lkexzh] ?kVdksa vkSj mRiknksa ds ?kjsyw mRiknu ds ”kfj;s ns'k esa lkSj fo|qr mRiknu dh ykxr de djukA
lkFk gh blds mn~ns';ksa esa ;FkklaHko 'kh?kz ns'k Hkj esa blds cM+s iSekus ij foLrkj ds fy;s tkx:drk iSnk djds
lkSj ÅtkZ esa fo'o ds vxz.kh ns'kksa ds :i esa Hkkjr dks LFkkfir djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
y{;
zzbl fe'ku ds varxZr 2022 rd 20 g”kkj esxkokV {kerk okyh fxzM ls tksM+h tk ldus okyh lkSj fo|qr dh LFkkiuk
vkSj 2 g”kkj esxkokV ds lerqY; xSj&fxzM lkSj lapkyu ds fy;s uhfrxr dk;Z;kstuk dk fodkl djuk vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
blesa lkSj rkih; rFkk çdk'koksYVh; nksuksa rduhdksa ds ç;ksx dk vuqeksnu fd;k x;kA
zz2 djksM+ oxZehVj dh lkSj rkih; laxzkgd {ks=k dh LFkkiuk djukA
zzns'k esa lkSj mRiknu dh {kerk c<+kus okyh vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djukA
zz2022 rd fxzM lekurk dk y{; gkfly djus ds fy;s vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl ds leFkZu vkSj {kerk fodkl fØ;kvksa
dks c<+kok nsuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
pj.k
bl fe'ku dks rhu pj.kksa esa ykxw fd;k tkuk gS] tks bl çdkj gSaµ
pj.k&I pj.k&II pj.k&III
Ø-la- [kaM
(o"kZ 2013 rd) (o"kZ 2013–17 rd) (o"kZ 2017–22 rd)
1. :iQVkWi lfgr ;wfVfyVh fxzM ikoj 1,000–2,000 esxkokV 4,000–10,000 esxkokV 20,000 esxkokV
2. vkWiQ fxzM lkSj vuqç;ksx 200 esxkokV 1000 esxkokV 2000 esxkokV
3. lkSj ,d=kd 7 fefy;u oxZ eh- 15 fefy;u oxZ eh- 20 fefy;u oxZ eh-
zzjk"Vªh;lkSj fe'ku ds çFke pj.k esa xzkeh.k vkcknh dh lsok djus vkSj fxzM vkèkkfjr ç.kkfy;ksa esa larqfyr {kerk
c<+kus dh vkWiQ fxzM ç.kkfy;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ij è;ku ladsafær fd;k x;k gSA
zznwljs pj.k esa m|e'khy {kerk c<+kus dk y{; gSA bldk mn~ns'; dsaæhÑr vkSj fodsaæhÑr] nksuksa Lrjksa ij mUu;u
vkSj LièkkZ lkSj ÅtkZ osèku ds fy;s vuqdwy fLFkfr;k¡ iSnk djuk gSA
mn; (mTToy fMLdkWe ,';wjsal ;kstuk) [Uday (Ujjwal Discom Assurance Yojna)]
5 uoacj] 2015 dks dsaæh; eaf=keaMy }kjk mTToy fMLdkWe ,';wjsal ;kstuk (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojna)
;k ^mn;* dks LohÑfr çnku dh xbZA
y{;
zzmn; ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; gS] fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa dk foÙkh; lqèkkj ,oa mudk iqu#¼kj djukA

254
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzleL;kvksa dk ,d fVdkÅ vkSj LFkk;h lekèkku Hkh lqfuf'pr djukA
zz;g ;kstuk lHkh yksxksa ds fy;s 24 ?kaVs fdiQk;rh ,oa lqfoèkktud fctyh lqfuf'pr djus ds LoIu dks lkdkj djus
dh fn'kk esa ,d iFk&çn'kZd lqèkkj gSA bl çdkj ;g fctyh {ks=k dh fLFkfr dks vkSj vfèkd csgrj cukus dh fn'kk
esa ,d vU; fu.kkZ;d dne gSA
zzKkrO; gS fd mn; ;kstuk lHkh jkT;ksa ds fy;s oSdfYid gSA bldk lapkyu fctyh ea=kky;] jkT; ljdkj ,oa fMLdkWe
daifu;ksa ds chp ,d f=ki{kh; le>kSrs ds ”kfj;s fd;k tk jgk gSA
zz;g ;kstuk vrhr rFkk Hkfo"; dh laHkkfor leL;kvksa ds LFkk;h lekèkku ds ”kfj;s ,d xfr'khy ,oa dkjxj fMLdkWe
ds mn~Hko dk Hkjkslk fnykrh gSA ;g fMLdkWe daifu;ksa dks vxys nks ls rhu o"kZ esa uqdlku ls mcjus dk volj
ikus ds fy;s vfèkdkj laiUu djrh gSA ,slk pkj igyksa ds ”kfj;s fd;k x;k gSµ
fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa dh lapkyuxr dq'kyrkvksa dks csgrj cukuk]
fctyh dh ykxr esa deh]
fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa dh C;kt ykxr esa deh]
jkT;ksa }kjk foÙk ds lkFk leUo; ds ”kfj;s fMLdkWe daifu;ksa ij foÙkh; vuq'kklu ykxw djukA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
zz30 flracj] 2015 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj forj.k daifu;ksa dk 75% ½.k jkT;ksa }kjk nks o"kks± esa vfèkx`ghr fd;k x;kA
;g vfèkxzg.k 2015–16 esa 50% vkSj 2016–17 esa 25% gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk foÙkh; o"kZ 2015–16 vkSj 2016–17 esa lacafèkr jkT;ksa dh jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dh x.kuk esa mn;
;kstuk ds rgr jkT;ksa }kjk vfèkx`ghr ½.k 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;kA
zzforj.k daifu;ksa ds ftu ½.kksa dk vfèkxzg.k jkT; }kjk ugha fd;k tk,xk] mUgsa foÙkh; laLFkku@cSad }kjk ½.k esa
ifjofrZr fd;s tkus dk izkoèkku gSA cSad@foÙkh; laLFkku }kjk bl ½.k@ckW.M ij vius vkèkkj nj ds lkFk 0.1%
(Base Rate Plus 0.1%) ls vfèkd C;kt nj ugha yxk;k tk,xkA
zzoSdfYid :i ls mi;ZqDr ½.k forj.k daifu;ksa }kjk ck”kkj esa çpfyr njksa ij ^LVsV xkjaVhM fMLdkWe ckaM~l* ds
:i esa iw.kZ ;k vkaf'kd :i ls tkjh fd;s tk ldrs gSaA ;s ck”kkj çpfyr njsa cSad vkèkkj nj ds lkFk 0.1% (Bank
Base Rate Plus 0.1%) ds cjkcj ;k de gksaxhA
zzjkT;ksa }kjk fctyh forj.k daifu;ksa ds Hkfo"; ds uqdlku dks ,d Js.khc¼ rjhds ls vfèkx`ghr fd;k tk,xk vkSj
mUgsa fuEukuqlkj fufèk çnku djsxk%
o"kZ fo|qr forj.k daifu;ksa ds fiNys o"kZ dh gkfu dk nkf;Ro jkT; us fy;k
2015–16 2014–15 dh gkfu dk 0%
2016–17 2015–16 dh gkfu dk 0%
2017–18 2016–17 dh gkfu dk 5%
2018–19 2017–18 dh gkfu dk 10%
2019–20 2018–19 dh gkfu dk 25%
2020–21 fiNys o"kZ dh gkfu dk 50%
egÙo
zz;g ;kstuk iwjs fctyh {ks=k esa lqèkkj dh çfØ;k esa rs”kh yk,xh vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djsxh fd fctyh lqfoèkktud]
fdiQk;rh ,oa lHkh ds fy;s miyCèk gksA okLro esa ;g ,d îkojiQqy* Hkkjr ds mn; dh ?kks"k.kk djrh gSA
zz;g ;kstuk lHkh yksxksa dks 24 ?kaVs fdiQk;rh ,oa lqfoèkktud fctyh dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djus esa ennxkj
lkfcr gksxhA
255
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lkSj ikdZ vkSj vYVªk esxk lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstukvksa ds fodkl dh ;kstuk
(Plans for the Development of Solar Park and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects)
zzljdkj us gky gh esa çR;sd 500 esxkokV {kerk vkSj mlls vfèkd ds 25 lkSj ikdZ rFkk vxys 5 o"kks± esa fofHkUu
jkT;ksa esa vYVªk esxk lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk,¡ LFkkfir djus dks ea”kwjh nh gSA
zzblds fy;s dsaæ ljdkj dh 4050 djksM+ #i, dh lgk;rk ls ;s ikdZ 20 g”kkj esxkokV ls ”;knk lkSj ÅtkZ dk
mRiknu dj ldsaxsA
zzvc rd 12 jkT;ksa us lkSj ikdZ LFkkfir djus dks lgefr çnku dh gSA ;s jkT;µ xqtjkr] eè; çns'k] rsyaxkuk] vkaèkz
çns'k] dukZVd] mÙkj çns'k] es?kky;] tEew ,oa d'ehj] iatkc] jktLFkku] rfeyukMq vkSj vksfM'kk gSaA bu lkSj ikdks±
dk fodkl jkT; ljdkjksa vkSj mudh ,tsafl;ksa ds lg;ksx ls fd;k tk,xkA
lkSj iQksVksoksfYVd okVj iafiax flLVe (Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping System)
zz,e-,u-vkj-bZ- Hkkjr ljdkj us çfro"kZ 30,000 lkSj iai bdkb;ksa dks lgk;rk nsus ds fy;s 2014 esa la'kksfèkr ekudksa
ds lkFk ubZ ;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; Mh”ky iailsVksa dh txg lkSj iailsVksa dks yxkus rFkk ikoj fxzM ij fuHkZjrk de djuk
Hkh gSA
zzlkSj iailsV i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy gSa vkSj fdlkuksa dks vfèkd ykHk çnku djrs gSaA blesa ifjpkyu ykxr cgqr de gS
vkSj ;s fujarj fo|qr vkiwfrZ djrs gSa] ftlls fdlkuksa ds Ñf"k mRiknu vkSj vk; esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr nh tkus okyh lfClMh dsoy mu lksyj flLVe ds fy;s miyCèk gS tks ,e-,u-vkj-bZ- Hkkjr
ljdkj }kjk lkSj okVj iafiax dk;ZØe gsrq iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;s x, fuekZrkvksa@m|fe;ksa ls fy;k x;k gksA
zzblds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa O;fDr] O;fDr;ksa ds lewg] ,l-,p-th] ts-,y-th] xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lewg] fdlku Dyc] Ñ"kd
mRiknd] Ñ"kd mRiknd daiuh vkfn 'kkfey gSaA blds fy;s futh@ifCyd fyfeVsM daifu;k¡@dkWjiksjsV~l ik=k ugha gSaA
lkSj lqtyk ;kstuk (Solar Sujala Scheme)

zzlkSj lqtyk ;kstuk NÙkhlx<+ ds fdlkuksa dh HkykbZ o dY;k.k fy;s 1 uoacj] 2016 dks 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; ljdkj NÙkhlx<+ esa fdlkuksa dks lkSj ÅtkZ lapkfyr flapkbZ iai çnku djsxh] ftlls os
viuh Hkwfe ij Ñf"k o flapkbZ dj ldrs gSaA
zzNÙkhlx<+ esa ,sls dbZ xk¡o gSa] tgk¡ jkT; ljdkj }kjk vkt Hkh fctyh ugha igq¡pkbZ tk ldh gS blfy;s ^lkSj lqtyk*
;kstuk mu fdlkuksa ds fy;s ,d ojnku dh rjg gS] ftUgsa flapkbZ ds fy;s fctyh dh ”k:jr iM+rh FkhA
zz^lkSj lqtyk ;kstuk* dk eq[; mn~ns'; fj;k;rh njksa (subsidized rates) ij mUgsa lkSj flapkbZ iai (Solar Irrigation
Pumps) çnku djds fdlkuksa dks l'kDr cukuk gSA bl ;kstuk ls u dsoy fdlku viuh Hkwfe ij •srh djus ds
fy;s vfèkd l{ke gksaxs] cfYd bl ;kstuk ds rgr xzkeh.k NÙkhlx<+ esa Ñf"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl dks e”kcwr cukus
esa Hkh enn feysxhA
zz^lkSj lqtyk ;kstuk* ds rgr ljdkj Øe'k% 3HP vkSj 5HP {kerk okys lkSj ÅtkZ lapkfyr flapkbZ iaiksa (Solar
Irrigation Pumps) dks fdlkuksa dks forfjr djsxhA iai 31 ekpZ] 2019 rd fdlkuksa dks fj;k;rh njksa (subsidized
rates) ij miyCèk djk, tk,axsA
zzlkSj lqtyk ;kstuk ds rgr vxys nks lky esa NÙkhlx<+ esa yxHkx 51,000 fdlku ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
zzbl ;kstuk dks mu {ks=kksa esa çkFkfedrk ds vkèkkj ij ykxw fd;k tk,xk] tgk¡ fctyh vHkh rd ugha igq¡ph gSA

256
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana)
zzdsaæ ljdkj us xjhch js•k ds uhps jgus okys (Below Poverty Line–BPL) ifjokjksa dh efgykvksa dks fu%'kqYd
jlksbZ xSl (,y-ih-th) dusD'ku çnku djus okyh çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA
zzisVªksfy;e vkSj çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; ns'k esa igyh ckj fuèkZure ifjokjksa dh djksM+ksa efgykvksa dks ykHk igq¡pkus okyh
bl ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u djsxkA
zz;kstuk ds varxZr ch-ih-,y ifjokjksa dks 5 djksM+ ,y-ih-th dusD'ku çnku djus ds fy;s vkB g”kkj djksM+ #i,
dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS vkSj çR;sd ch-ih-,y ifjokj dks ,y-ih-th dusD'ku ds fy;s 1,600 #i, dh foÙkh;
lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA
zzns'k esa fuèkZuksa dh vHkh rd ,y-ih-th- rd lhfer igq¡p jgh gSA ,y-ih-th- flysaMj dh igq¡p eq[; :i ls 'kgjh
vkSj v¼Z&'kgjh {ks=kksa rd gS vkSj buesa ls Hkh vkSlru ifjokj eè;e vkSj le`¼ oxZ ds gSaA
zzik=k ch-ih-,y ifjokjksa dh igpku jkT; vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ }kjk dh tk,xhA ;kstuk dk
dk;kZUo;u foÙkh; o"kZ 2016–17, 2017–18 vkSj 2018–19 esa fd;k tk,xkA
ykHk
zzch-ih-,y ifjokjksa dks eqÝr ,y-ih-th dusD'ku çnku djus ls ns'k esa •kus&idkus dh xSl dh igq¡p lHkh yksxksa rd
laHko gksxhA
zzblls efgykvksa dk l'kDrhdj.k gksxk vkSj muds LokLF; dh j{kk gksxhA
zzblls •kuk cukus esa yxus okys le; vkSj dfBu ifjJe dks de djus esa Hkh lgk;rk feysxhA
zz•kuk idkus dh xSl ds forj.k esa dk;Zjr xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks jks”kxkj Hkh çkIr gksxkA
zzthok'e b±èku ls •kuk cukus ls LokLF; ls tqM+h xaHkhj leL;k,¡ ns•h xbZ gSaA fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds ,d vuqeku
ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 5 yk• yksxksa dh e`R;q vLoPN thok'e b±èku ds dkj.k gksrh gSA buesa ls vfèkdrj dh e`R;q dk
dkj.k xSj&lapkjh jksx] tSlsµ ân; jksx] vk?kkr] nh?kZdkyhu çfrjksèkh iQsiQM+s lacaèkh jksx vkSj iQsiQM+s dk dSalj 'kkfey
gSaA ?kjsyw ok;q çnw"k.k cPpksa dks gksus okys rhoz 'okl lacaèkh jksxksa ds fy;s cM+h la[;k esa f”kEesnkj gSA
zzekfld fdLr ij xSl pwYgk % xjhc ifjokj dh efgykvksa dks ,y-ih-th dusD'ku nsus dh çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk
?kksf"kr djus ds ckn ljdkj us bUgsa xSl pwYgk nsus dk Hkh çcaèk dj fn;kA ch-ih-,y ifjokjksa dks ekfld fdLr
(bZ-,e-vkbZ) ij xSl pwYgk fn;k tk,xkA ;g pwYgk xSl dusD'ku ysrs le; gh xSl ekdZsfVax daiuh ns nsxhA bldh
fdLr ljdkj dh rjiQ ls gj eghus nh tkus okyh jlksbZ xSl lfClMh ls dkVh tk,xhA ç;kl fd;k tk,xk fd 12
ls 15 eghuksa ds Hkhrj pwYgs dh dher olwy yh tk,A
zzçkjaHk esa ;g ;kstuk ch-ih-,y ifjokjksa ds fy;s ykxw gksxh vkSj 'kh?kz gh lkekU; ifjokjksa ds fy;s Hkh bls ykxw dj
fn;k tk,xkA
baVhxzsVsM ikoj MsoyiesaV LdheµÅtkZ ,i

(Integrated Power Development Scheme-Energy App)
^baVhxzsVsM ikoj MsoyiesaV Ldhe* (vkbZ-ih-Mh-,l) 'kgjh fo|qr forj.k {ks=k ds fy;s fo|qr ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj
dk ,d çkFkfed dk;ZØe gSA blds çpkyu gsrq ikoj iQkbusal dkWjiksjs'ku ukfer uksMy vfHkdj.k gSA
y{;
zzmi&Vªkalfe'ku vkSj forj.k usVodZ dk lqn`<+hdj.k]
zzforj.k VªkaliQkeZjksa@‍iQhMj@miHkksDrkvksa dh ehVfjax]

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zzforj.k {ks=k dks vkbZ-Vh l{ke cukuk rFkk vkj-,ih-Mh-vkj-ih (vc vkbZ-ih-Mh-,l ds rgr lfEefyr) ds rgr forj.k
usVodZ dk lqn`<+hdj.kA
zzlHkh fgrèkkfj;ksa ds chp ldkjkRed çfr;ksfxrk dh Hkkouk iSnk djus rFkk lHkh miHkksDrk dsafær ekunaMksa esa csgrj
fu"iknu gsrq lHkh lacafèkr i{kksa dks çsfjr djus ds mn~ns'; ls yksxksa ds le{k] bu vkbZVh l{ke 'kgjksa esa forj.k
lqfoèkkvksa (fMLdkWe) ds fu"iknu gsrq ÅtkZ ,i fMftVy igy gSA
zz,i dk y{; ikjn'khZ vkèkkj ij miHkksDrkvksa ls lacafèkr fofHkUu iSjkehVjksa ij 'kgjksa dh ^jSafdax* fuèkkZfjr djus ds
}kjk miHkksDrk laidZ dks c<+kuk gSA
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; dh dqN çeq[k laLFkk,¡ (Some Major Institutions of MNRE)
1- jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku (National Institute of Solar Energy–NISE)
jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku (NISE) uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds vèkhu ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkku (Autonomous
Institution) gS] tks lkSj ÅtkZ ds vuqlaèkku o fodkl dk;ks± esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrk gSA jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku dk
iqjkuk uke lkSj ÅtkZ osaQæ (Solar Energy Centre) Fkk] ftls 2013 esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA
,u-vkbZ-,l-bZ- dks jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ fe'ku dks dk;kZfUor djus] 'kksèk o rduhdh ls lac¼ dk;ks± esa uohu o
uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; dks lg;ksx iznku djus gsrq LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
,u-vkbZ-,l-bZ- us lkSj ÅtkZ osaQæ dh lHkh rduhdh fØ;kdykiksa dks viuk;k o iqul±xfBr fd;k gS rkfd ea=kky;
}kjk fn;s dk;Z o mÙkjnkf;Ro fuHkk, tk ldsaA
jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku] izek.khdj.k] ekudhdj.k o ikjLifjd 'kksèk] izf'k{k.k o lkSj rduhd o iz.kkfy;ksa dk
ijh{k.k Hkh djrk gSA ;g ljdkj] laLFkkvksa o m|e {ks=kksa ds chp eè;LFk dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyh ,d izHkko'kkyh
laLFkk gSA jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku xq#xzke (gfj;k.kk) esa vofLFkr gSA
2- Hkkjrh; lkSj ÅtkZ fuxe fyfeVsM (Solar Energy Corporation of India Limited–SECI)
Hkkjrh; lkSj ÅtkZ fuxe fyfeVsM (SECI)] uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds ç'kklfud fu;a=k.k ds vèkhu
,d dasæh; lkoZtfud {ks=k dk miØe gSA ‘SECI’ dh LFkkiuk 20 flracj] 2011 dks gqbZA SECI dks ewy:i ls daiuh
ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bldh LFkkiuk tokgjyky usg: jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku ds dk;kZUo;u vkSj mlesa fuèkkZfjr
y{;ksa dks çkIr djus gsrq dh xbZA ;g osaQæh; lkoZtfud {ks=k dk vdsyk miØe gS] tks lkSj ÅtkZ {ks=k dks lefiZr gSA
leLr uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ {ks=k dks lekfgr djus ds fy;s daiuh ds vfèkns'k dks Hkh O;kid cuk;k x;k gSA ;g xSj&ykHkdkjh
miØe gSA o"kZ 2014–15 ds nkSjku] daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 ds rgr SECI dk uke cnydj Hkkjrh; uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ
fuxe (RECI) djus dh LohÑfr Hkkjr ljdkj us ns nh] rkfd bls&
zz,d Lolaiksf"kr vkSj Lor% mRiknd laxBu cuk;k tk ldsA
zzokf.kfT;d laxBu ds :i esa dke djus gsrq rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA
zzuohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ds lHkh vaxksa vFkkZr~ lkSj ÅtkZ ds vykok Hkw&rkih;] virVh; ok;q] Tokjh; ÅtkZ dk fodkl djus
esa l{ke cuk;k tk ldsA
,slk çLrko gS fd bl LohÑfr ds ckn ^Hkkjrh; lkSj ÅtkZ fuxe* dk uke cnydj ^Hkkjrh; v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe*
(Renewable Energy Corporation of India – RECI) dj fn;k tk,A
izeq[k y{; (Major Goals)
zzcM+s iSekus ij lkSj ÅtkZ ds varjkZ"Vªh; gLrkarj.k dks c<+kok nsukA
zzi;kZIr lkSj fofdj.k dk mi;ksx dj u;k ^gfjr Hkkjr* cukukA
zzlkSj ÅtkZ dk fodkl dj lewps ns'k dks ÅtkZ lqj{kk iznku djukA
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3- jk"Vªh; iou ÅtkZ laLFkku (NIWE)
iwoZ uke&iou ÅtkZ rduhd osaQæ (Centre for Wind Energy Technology–CWET)
jk"Vªh; iou ÅtkZ laLFkku (National Institute of Wind Energy–NIWE), uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;
}kjk o"kZ 1998 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA ;g ea=kky; ds vèkhu dk;Zjr ,d Lok;Ùk vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl laLFkku gS tks
ns'k esa iou ÅtkZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds rduhdh osaQæ ds :i esa dk;Zjr gSA
MsfuMk (Danish International Development Agency–DANIDA) uked MsuekdZ ljdkj dh ,d ,tsalh ds rduhdh
o foÙkh; leFkZu ls rfeyukMq ds d;Fkkj f”kys esa] ,d iou Vjckbu ijh{k.k LVs'ku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA ;gk¡ Hkkjrh;
foaM Vjckbu izek.khdj.k o varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj foaM Vjckbu tsujsVjksa dk ijh{k.k dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA
zzfofHkUu lzksrksa ls miyCèk tkudkjh ds vkèkkj ij iou lzksrksa dk fo'ys"k.k djuk rFkk iou ÅtkZ lzksr gsrq tkudkjh
rS;kj djuk] tSls& iou ekufp=k.k] iou lanHkZ tkudkjh rS;kj djuk vkfnA
zzNIWE ns'k esa iou 'kfDr {ks=k o iou ÅtkZ ds iz;ksx dks leFkZu nsus o budh o`f¼ gsrq rduhdh osaQæ dk dk;Z
djrk gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh ijh{k.k izfØ;k o ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj laiw.kZ iou 'kfDr O;oLFkk ,oa la?kVdksa ds ijh{k.kksa gsrq
fo'oLrjh; lqfoèkk,¡ LFkkfir djukA
zziou ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa gsrq ekuo lalkèku fodkl dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu djukA
zziou ÅtkZ lacafèkr tkudkjh dk izpkj&izlkj c<+kuk o xzkgdksa dks fofHkUu izdkj dh ijke'kZ lsok,¡ iznku djukA
4- bafM;u foaM ,uthZ ,lksfl,'ku (Indian Wind Energy Association–InWEA)

;g laLFkk 2002 esa lkslk;Vh ,DV ds rgr ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh laLFkk ds :i esa LFkkfir dh xbZA 300 ls vfèkd
lefiZr lnL;ksa ds lkFk Hkkjr esa ;g iou ÅtkZ dks izksRlkgu o fodkl gsrq dk;Zjr gSA
mn~ns'; (Objectives)
zzns'k esa iou ÅtkZ lalkèkuksa dk vfèkdre iz;ksx djuk rkfd ns'k esa oguh;] LoPN ÅtkZ ds lkFk&lkFk ÅtkZ lqj{kk
dh ”k:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA
zziou ÅtkZ ds ckjs esa izksRlkgu ds lkFk&lkFk tkx:drk iSQykukA
zzlaLFkku ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj] orZeku esa miyCèk rduhd dk iz;ksx djrs gq;s rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa 102 xhxkokV fo|qr
ÅtkZ mRiknu dh lkeF;Zrk gSA
zz;g laLFkk dqN jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; fudk;ksa] tSls& oYMZ foaM ,uthZ ,lksfl,'ku (World Wind Energy Association),
n ;wjksfi;u foaM ,uthZ ,lksfl,'ku (The European Wind Energy Association), lh-vkbZ-vkbZ- (CII), fiQDdh
(FICCI) o ,slkspSe (ASSOCHAM) dh lnL; Hkh gSA
5- bafM;u foaM ikWoj ,lksfl,'ku (Indian Wind Power Association–IWPA)

bldh LFkkiuk 1996 esa ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh laLFkk ds :i esa dh xbZA laLFkk dk jk"Vªh; dk;kZy; psUubZ esa gS rFkk
{ks=kh; Lrj ij dbZ dk;kZy; (vgenkckn] caxyw:] fnYyh] gSnjkckn] t;iqj vkSj eqacbZ) gSaA laLFkk us iou ÅtkZ ds
fodkl esa vkus okyh ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus o bl {ks=k esa fuos'k ds fy;s ,d l{ke fu;ked o i;kZoj.k uhfr dh
LFkkiuk ds fy;s yxkrkj dke fd;k gSA ;g laLFkk dqN jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd fudk;ksa] tSls&Hkkjrh; uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ fodkl
,tsalh] uohu o uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;] fo|qr ea=kky;] i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky;] lh-MCY;w-bZ-Vh-
(CWET), lh-bZ-vkj-lh- (CERC), lh-bZ-,- (CEA) bR;kfn vU; laLFkkvksa ds lkFk feydj dk;Z djrh gSA
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6- ljnkj Lo.kZ flag jk"Vªh; tSo ÅtkZ laLFkku (SSS–NIBE)
(iwoZ uke&ljnkj Lo.kZ flag jk"Vªh; t{k; ÅtkZ laLFkku)
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; us gky esa ljnkj Lo.kZ flag jk"Vªh; v{k; ÅtkZ laLFkku (SSS-NIRE) dh
Hkwfedk dks vfèkd O;kid cukrs gq, bls ^ljnkj Lo.kZ flag jk"Vªh; tSo ÅtkZ laLFkku* (SSS–NIBE) esa ifjofrZr dj
fn;k gSA ;g uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds vèkhu xfBr ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkku gSA bldh LFkkiuk iatkc esa tSo
ÅtkZ ls tqM+s mPp Lrj ds 'kksèk vkSj fodkl dk;ks± dks vkjaHk djus ds mn~ns'; ls dh xbZA
zzlaLFkk dks 'kksèk o fodkl dh ,d 'kh"kZLFk laLFkk ds :i esa LFkkfir djuk rkfd vR;kèkqfud rduhd }kjk vuqlaèkku
o fodklkRed dk;Z] tSo ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa fd;k tk ldsA
zzKku vkèkkfjr mPp Lrjh; laLFkk cukukA
zztSo ÅtkZ ds {ks=k esa o`gn~ lk>snkjksa dks lsok iznku djuk o laiw.kZ lekèkku miyCèk djkukA
zzxzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ubZ rduhdh ds izksRlkgu gsrq Kku ds fodkl esa lgk;rk djukA
dk;Z (Function)
laLFkk dks uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; dh 'kkldh; ifj"kn~ }kjk fuEu {ks=kksa esa dk;Z izLrkfor gSa&
zzBksl b±èku iz;ksx'kkyk (Solid Fuel Laboratory): tSoHkkj dk fof'k"V ngu] rki&vi?kVu rFkk pwYgk ijh{k.k djukA
zzæo b±èku iz;ksx'kkyk (Liquid Fuel Laboratory): ck;ksMhty] ck;ksbFksukWy vkSj ouLifr rsy dk Hkatu (Cracking
of Vegetable Oil)
zzxSlh; b±èku iz;ksx'kkyk (Gaseous Fuel Laboratory): izksM~;wlj xSl] ck;ksxSl] ck;ksgkbMªkstu ij dk;ZA
7- oSdfYid ty ÅtkZ dsaæ (Alternate Hydro Energy Centre–AHEC)
uohu vkSj uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky; us o"kZ 1982 esa Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] :M+dh esa oSdfYid ty ÅtkZ
osaQæ (AHEC) dh LFkkiuk dhA bldk mn~ns'; de {kerk dh iufctyh ifj;kstukvksa ds fodkl ds fy;s nh?kZ vkSj y?kq
vofèk ds ikB~;Øe vkjaHk djuk FkkA
8- NÙkhlx<+ jkT; iquuZohdj.k mQtkZ fodkl vfHkdj.k
(CREDA-Chhattisgarh State Renewable Energy Development Agency)
ØsMk dk xBu 25 ebZ 2001 dks mQtkZ foHkkx] NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ljdkj ds varxZr fd;k x;kA ØsMk dk eq[; mn~ns';
v{k; mQtkZ lzksrksa rFkk mQtkZ laj{k.k xfrfofèk;ksa ls lacafèkr fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dk dk;kZUo;u gSaA bl laLFkk dks NÙkhlx<+
ljdkj ds mQtkZ ea=kky; ds varxZr lkslkbVh ,DV] 1973 ds rgr iathÑr fd;k x;k gSA ØsMk dks mQtkZ ds xSj&ijaijkxr
lzksrksa rFkk uohdj.kh; lzksrksa ds fodkl ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkT; uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
blds vykok] NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj }kjk ØsMk dks mQtkZ laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 2001 ds izkoèkkuksa dks lefUor] fofu;fer
rFkk ykxw djus ds fy;s rFkk NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ds Hkhrj ;kstukvksa dks ykxw djus ds fy;s jkT; ukfer ,taslh (SDA-State
Designated Agency) ds :i esa vfèklwfpr fd;k x;k gSA viuh LFkkiuk ls 12 o"kks± esa ØsMk us v{k; mQtkZ rFkk mQtkZ
n{krk ds {ks=k esa O;kid dk;Z fd;k gSA
ukfHkdh; mQtkZ (Nuclear Energy)

ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ewyr% ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k,¡ izkÑfrd rkSj ij Hkh gksrh
gSa vkSj bUgsa laiUu djkus ds fy;s Ñf=ke rkSj&rjhdksa dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bUgsa le>us ds fy;s jklk;fud rÙo
;wjsfu;e ds bfrgkl dks le>uk vko';d gSA ;wjsfu;e dks o"kZ 1789 esa teZuh ds jlk;u'kkL=kh ekfVZu gsufjd DysijksFk
(Martin Heinrich Klaproth) }kjk [kkst fy;k x;k FkkA izkjafHkd lkS lkyksa rd bldk mi;ksx dk¡p dks jaxhu cukus esa
gksrk jgkA blds fo'ks"k xq.kksa dh vksj igyh ckj o"kZ 1896 esa Úk¡l ds oSKkfud gsujh cSdqjy (Henri Becquerel) dk
è;ku x;kA
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cSdqjy us crk;k fd ;wjsfu;e vkSj mlds yo.kksa ls dqN [kkl rjg ds fofdj.k fudyrs gSa] ftuds xq.k ,Dl
fofdj.k ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA cSdqjy us bu fofdj.kksa dks ^cSdqjy fofdj.k* dk uke fn;k] ysfdu bl ifj?kVuk dh lgh
egÙkk cSdqjy dh gh f'k";k eSMe D;wjh (Madam Curie) us crkbZA D;wjh us vius ifr fi;jh D;wjh (Pierre Curie) ds
lkFk feydj ;wjsfu;e ds [kfut (Uraninite ;k fipCysaM&eq[;r% ;wjsfu;e MkbvkWDlkbM&UO2) ls 1898 esa ,d u;k
rÙo ^jsfM;e* (Radium) gkfly fd;kA (pw¡fd ;wjsfu;e ds jsfM;ks,fDVo {k; }kjk jsfM;e Hkh curk gSA) vr% fipCysaM
esa Hkh jsfM;e dh lw{e ek=kk mifLFkr gksrh gSA lkFk gh ;g Hkh çfrikfnr fd;k x;k fd çÑfr esa dqN Hkkjh vkSj vLFkk;h
rÙoksa dk Lor% {k; gksrk jgrk gSA ;g {k; rc rd gksrk gS] tc rd ;s rÙo LFkk;h rÙoksa esa ugha cny tkrsA bls
jsfM;ks,fDVo {k; (Radioactive Decay) dk uke fn;k x;kA ftu rÙoksa ds ukfHkd esa ;g LokHkkfod xq.k gksrk gS] mUgsa
^jsfM;ks,fDVo rÙo* dgrs gSaA
blds ckn oSKkfudksa us Ñf=ke rjhds ls dqN Hkkjh rÙoksa ds ukfHkdksa dks fo[kafMr djus dk ç;kl fd;k] ftlesa
vkWVks gku vkSj fizQV~t LVªkWleSu (Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann) dks o"kZ 1938 esa vHkwriwoZ liQyrk feyhA bu oSKkfudksa
us crk;k fd tc 92U235 (;wjsfu;e-235) ds ukfHkd ij U;wVªkWu dh ckSNkj dh tkrh gS rks bldk ukfHkd nks Hkkxksa esa VwV
tkrk gS vkSj vikj ÅtkZ fudyrh gSA
uksV% ;wjsfu;e dks ‘Metal of Hope’ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
ukfHkdh; mQtkZ izkIr djus ds 2 lzksr gSa& igyk ukfHkdh; lay;u rFkk nwljk ukfHkdh; fo[kaMuA bu vfHkfØ;kvksa
ds ifj.kkeLo:i ukfHkdh; b±èku ds {k; ds i'pkr~ ukfHkdh; mQtkZ dh fo'kky ek=kk mRiUu gksrh gSA bl izdkj ukfHkd
dk nzO;eku ukfHkdh; mQtkZ esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
ukfHkdh; lay;u (Nuclear Fusion)

nks gYds ukfHkd feydj ,d vis{kkÑr cM+k ukfHkd cuk,¡ rks ÅtkZ fueqZDr gksrh gS] bl izfØ;k dks ûkfHkdh;
lay;u* dgrs gSaA bl vfHkfØ;k ds varxZr nks gYds ukfHkd ijLij feydj ,d Hkkjh LFkk;h ukfHkd dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSaA izfØ;k ds i'pkr~ mRiUu ukfHkd dk nzO;eku lay;u esa 'kkfey ewy ukfHkdksa ds nzO;eku ds ;ksx ls de gksrk gSA
nzO;eku esa gksus okyk ;g {k; fo'kky mQtkZ ds l`tu dk dkj.k curk gSA ukfHkdh; lay;u izfØ;k gh lw;Z ,oa vU;
rkjksa esa mQtkZ dk lzksr gSA gkbMªkstu ce Hkh ukfHkdh; lay;u ds fl¼kar ij gh dk;Z djrk gSA
ukfHkdh; lay;u izfØ;k dk izfriknu o"kZ 1939 esa gsal csFks us fd;k FkkA
mnkgj.k&
zz11 H +11 H → 12 H + e+ + v + 0.42 Mev
izksVkWu izksVkWu M~;wVªkWu ikWftVªkWu
zz12 H + 12 H → 32 He + n + 3.27 Mev
M~;wVªkWu M~;wVªkWu ghfy;e
lay;u ds fy;s nks ukfHkdksa dks brus ikl ykuk vko';d gS] ftlls fd muds chp vkdf"kZr y?kq&ijklh; ukfHkdh;
cy dk;Z dj ldsA èkukosf'kr ukfHkdksa ds chp dwykWe izfrd"kZ.k yxrk gS] ftls ikj djus ds fy;s leqfpr ÅtkZ dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA
;fn nzO; dk rki bruk c<+k;k tk, fd blds d.k ek=k viuh rkih; xfr ds dkj.k dwykWe vojksèk dks ikj dj
tk,¡ rks lay;u laHko gks ikrk gS] bls ^rki ukfHkdh; lay;u* dgrs gSaA
rkjksa ds var%iVy ls fuxZr ÅtkZ dk lzksr rki ukfHkdh; lay;u gSA rkjksa ds vanj cgqr mPp rki vkSj mPp nkc
dh fLFkfr;k¡ miyCèk gSa] ftlls rki ukfHkdh; lay;u }kjk ÅtkZ mRiUu gksrh gSA
lw;Z dh ÅtkZ dk lzksr lw;Z esa gksus okyh ukfHkdh; lay;u dh izfØ;k gSA ;g ,d cgqpj.kh izfØ;k gS] ftlesa
gkbMªkstu ghfy;e esa ifjofrZr gksrk gSA vr% lw;Z dk b±èku gkbMªkstu gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
gkbMªkstu ce
gkbMªkstu ce ukfHkdh; lay;u ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA ukfHkdh; lay;u ds fy;s mPp nkc rFkk mPp rki dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA blfy;s gkbMªkstu ce esa ukfHkdh; lay;u izfØ;k djus gsrq igys ijek.kq foLiQksV djk;k tkrk gSA
ijek.kq foLiQksV ds dkj.k og mPp rki vkSj nkc izkIr gks ikrk gS] ftlls ukfHkdh; lay;u gksA
ukfHkdh; lay;u esa fo[kaMu ls ”;knk ÅtkZ mRikfnr gksrh gSA vr% gkbMªkstu ce ijek.kq ce ls vfèkd foèoaldkjh
gksrk gSA
gkbMªkstu ce dk fodkl djus esa vesfjdh oSKkfud ,MoMZ tsuj us egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA vr% bUgsa îQknj
vkWiQ gkbMªkstu ce* Hkh dgrs gSaA
ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu (Nuclear Fission)

cM+s rFkk Hkkjh ukfHkdksa ds NksVs ukfHkdksa esa VwVus dh izfØ;k dks ûkfHkdh; fo[kaMu* dgk tkrk gSA bl vfHkfØ;k
esa dqN U;wVªkWu eqDr gksrs gSa rFkk Hkkjh ek=kk esa mQtkZ foeksfpr (Release) gksrh gSA ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu izfØ;k dh [kkst
o"kZ 1938 esa vkWVks gkWu rFkk fizQV~t LVªSleSu ds }kjk dh xbZ FkhA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s tc fdlh ;wjsfu;e leLFkkfud 92 235
U ij U;wVªkWu ls izgkj djk;k tkrk gS rks og nks ekè;fed
nzO;eku okys ukfHkdh; [kaMksa esa fo[kafMr gks tkrk gS&
1 n + 92 U → 92 U → 56 Ba + 36 Kr + 3 0 n
0 235 236 144 89 1
;s fo[kafMr mRikn jsfM;ks,fDVo ukfHkd gksrs gSa vkSj buesa rc rd β–{k; pyrk jgrk gS] tc rd LFkk;h [kaM u
izkIr gks tk,¡A
zz;wjsfu;e tSls ukfHkd dh fo[kaMu vfHkfØ;k esa fueqZDr ÅtkZ (Q)izfr fo[kafMr ukfHkd 200 MeV dksfV dh gksrh gSA
zzlao¼Zu izfØ;k }kjk ;wjsfu;e dk izfr'kr la?kVu c<+k;k tkrk gS] ftlesa ;wjsfu;e ds leLFkkfudksa dks foyx fd;k
tkrk gSA bl izdkj izkIr ;wjsfu;e lao£¼r ;wjsfu;e dgykrk gSA
zz;wjsfu;e ds jsfM;ksèkehZ fo?kVu dk vafre mRikn ysM (lhlk) gSA
Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k
tc fdlh vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku vfHkdkjd (Reactant) ;k mRikn (Product) vxyh vfHkfØ;k dks izkjaHk djs] ftlls
vfHkfØ;kvksa dk vuqØe izkjaHk gks tk, rks bls ^ Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k* dgrs gSaA
ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku izkjaHk Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k dks ukfHkdh; ^ Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k* dgrs gSaA
tc ;wjsfu;e ij U;wVªkWuksa dh ceckjh dh tkrh gS rks ;wjsfu;e ukfHkd ds fo[kaMu ds lkFk rhu u, U;wVªkWu Hkh
mRlftZr gksrs gSa] tks vU; ;wjsfu;e ukfHkd dks fo[kafMr djrs gSaA bl izdkj ukfHkdh; Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k vkjaHk gks tkrh
gS vkSj rc rd pyrh jgrh gS] tc rd lHkh ;wjsfu;e ukfHkd fo[kafMr u gks tk,¡A
pw¡fd ;wjsfu;e ds ,d ukfHkd ds fo[kaMu ls rhu U;wVªkWu mRlftZr gksrs gSaA vr% ;s rhu ubZ Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k vkjaHk
djsaxsA bl çdkj ;g ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k vR;ar rhoz gks] izpaM foLiQksVd gks tkrh gSA bls ^vfu;af=kr Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k*
dgrs gSaA ijek.kq ce esa ;gh vfHkfØ;k foèoald foLiQksV dk dkj.k gSA ijek.kq ce ukfHkdh; lay;u ;k ukfHkdh;
fo[kaMu ;k bu nksuksa izdkj dh ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr gSA
fu;af=kr Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k
;wjsfu;e fo[kaMu dh Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k esa izR;sd ;wjsfu;e ukfHkd ds fo[kaMu ls mRlftZr rhu U;wVªkWuksa esa ls nks
dks vo'kksf"kr dj Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k dks fu;af=kr <ax ls pykus dh izfØ;k dks ^fu;af=kr Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k* dgrs gSaA
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bl vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku fueqZDr ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx jpukRed dk;ks± (;Fkk&fo|qr mRiknu) esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijek.kq
fj,DVjksa (Atomic Reactors) esa fu;af=kr Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k }kjk gh fo|qr mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA
fj,DVjksa esa rhoz U;wVªkWuksa dks eafnr djus ds fy;s fo[kaMuh; ukfHkdksa ds lkFk gYds ukfHkdksa] ftUgsa eand ;k voeand
(Moderator) dgrs gSa] dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
vfu;af=kr Ükà[kyk vfHkfØ;k

blds varxZr fo[kaMu izfØ;k ds i'pkr~ mRiUu U;wVªkWuksa dks Lora=k :i ls vfHkfØ;k esa Hkkx ysus fn;k tkrk gS rFkk
fdlh Hkh izdkj ls fu;a=k.k dh O;oLFkk ugha dh tkrh gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i inkFkZ vYi le; esa vR;ar rhoz nj ls
fo[kafMr gks tkrk gS rFkk mQtkZ dh fo'kky ek=kk fueqZDr gksrh gSA ijek.kq ce vfu;af=kr Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k dk gh ,d
vuqiz;ksx gSA
ukfHkdh; caèku ÅtkZ (Nucleor Binding Energy):
ukfHkd ds cuus ij dqN ek=kk esa ÅtkZ eqDr gksrh gS] ftldk lzksr ^æO;eku {kfr* gSA eqDr gqbZ ÅtkZ dh ek=kk dks
E = mc2 lehdj.k }kjk fudkyk tk ldrk gSA bl eqDr ÅtkZ dks gh ûkfHkdh; caèku ÅtkZ* dgrs gSaA
nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ukfHkd ds cuus ij ÅtkZ eqDr gksrh gS rFkk U;wfDyvkWuksa ds æO;eku esa deh vk tkrh gSA vr% eqDr
gqbZ ÅtkZ ds cjkcj ÅtkZ nsdj fdlh ukfHkd ds U;wVªkWuksa rFkk izksVkWuksa dks Lora=k fd;k tk ldrk gSA U;wfDyvkWuksa dks
Lora=k djus gsrq ckgj ls nh xbZ bl ÅtkZ dks gh ûkfHkdh; caèku ÅtkZ* dgrs gSaA ukfHkdh; caèku ÅtkZ dks ukfHkd esa
mifLFkr U;wfDyvkWuksa dh la[;k ls Hkkx nsus ij ^caèku ÅtkZ izfr U;wfDyvkWu* izkIr gksrh gSA ukfHkdh; caèku ÅtkZ gh
ukfHkd esa U;wfDyvkWuksa dks ,d&nwljs ls ckaèks j[krh gSA
ukfHkdh; cy (Nuclear Force):
vkSlr æO;eku la[;k okys ukfHkdksa ds fy;s izfrU;wfDyvkWu caèku yxHkx 8 Mev gksrh gS tks bafxr djrh gS fd
ukfHkd dks ck¡èks j[kus gsrq ,d vR;fèkd 'kfDr'kkyh vkd"kZ.k cy ”k:j gksxkA lkFk gh ;g cy ukfHkd esa izksVkWuksa ds
chp yxus okys fo|qr pqacdh; izfrd"kZ.k cy ls vR;fèkd 'kfDr'kkyh gksxkA ;g cy ukfHkdh; cy gS tks izksVkWu&izksVkWu]
izksVkWu&U;wVªkWu rFkk U;wVªkWu&U;wVªkWu ds chp yxHkx leku :i ls yxrk gSA
ukfHkdh; cy ,d de ijkl dk cy (Short Range Force)gSA yxHkx 1 iSQEVksehVj (10 –15 ehVj) dh nwjh ij
fLFkr U;wfDyvkWuksa ds chp vR;fèkd 'kfDr'kkyh ukfHkdh; cy yxrk gS ijarq 2.5 iSQEVksehVj nwjh ds ckn bldk eku
rs”kh ls fxjrk gSA ;g cy 0.8 iSQEVksehVj ls de nwjh ij fLFkr U;wfDyvkWuksa dks izfrdf"kZr djrk gSA
ukfHkd esa U;wfDyvkWuksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼ gksus ij U;wfDyvkWuksa ds eè; dk;Zjr ukfHkdh; cy mruk gh jgrk gSA
ukfHkdh; cy czãkaM esa lcls 'kfDr'kkyh cy gSA
ukfHkdh; rduhd ds vuqiz;ksx (Applications of Nuclear Technology)

ukfHkdh; izkS|ksfxdh jsfM;kslfØ;rk ij vkèkkfjr izkS|ksfxdh gSA orZeku esa fofoèk {ks=kksa esa blds vuqiz;ksxksa dks izksRlkgu
fey jgk gSA ;g rduhd Ñf"k] LokLF;] m|ksx] lqj{kk rFkk 'kksèk tSls {ks=kksa esa vR;ar mi;ksxh fl¼ gks jgh gSA
ukfHkdh; rduhdh ds vuqiz;ksxksa dks eq[;r% 2 Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS&
1. lSU; mi;ksx
2. vlSU; mi;ksx
lSU; mi;ksx (Military Use)

ukfHkdh; rduhdh dk ,slk vuqiz;ksx tks gfFk;kj] ;q¼d lkexzh felkby rFkk foLiQksVd cukus ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrk
gS og lSU; mi;ksx ds varxZr vkrk gSA ,sls gfFk;kj ftuesa ijek.kq rduhd dk mi;ksx gksrk gS] mUgsa ijek.kq gfFk;kj
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dgrs gSaA ukfHkdh; rduhd ds mi;ksx ds vkèkkj ij ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA ,d os tks ukfHkdh; mQtkZ
dk nksgu djrs gSa tSls ukfHkdh; foLiQksVd rFkk vU; os tks ukfHkdh; rduhd ds mi;ksx dks izsfjr djrs gSaA buesa
'kkfey gSa& foeku okgd iksr] iuMqfCc;k¡ bR;kfnA
vlSU; mi;ksx (Non-Military Use)
ukfHkdh; rduhd ds vlSU; mi;ksx ds varxZr lSU; mi;ksx dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh vuqiz;ksx 'kkfey gSa ftuesa
Ñf"k] m|ksx] [kk| izlaLdj.k] ty izcaèku] LokLF; ,oa fpfdRlk bR;kfn izeq[k gSaA
1. Ñf"k (Agriculture)% jsfM;ks leLFkkfudksa ds iz;ksx }kjk iQly mRiknu esa o`f¼ dks laHko cuk;k tk ldk gSA
ukfHkdh; rduhdh ds iz;ksx ls u dsoy dhV izcaèku] moZjd ,oa iQly lqèkkj dk;ZØeksa esa lgk;rk feyh gS
cfYd chtksa dks Hkh iks"k.k;qDr cuk;k tk ldk gSA Hkkjr esa HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz (BARC) us ukfHkdh;
rduhdh dh lgk;rk ls èkku] ljlksa rFkk nky bR;kfn dh mUur fdLeksa dk fodkl fd;k gSA lslcsfu;k jksLVkjkVk
ckdZ (BARC) }kjk fodflr gfjr [kkn gSA
2. [kk| izlaLdj.k (Food Processing)% [kk| laj{k.k ,oa izlaLdj.k ds {ks=k esa ukfHkdh; rduhdh dk O;kid
mi;ksx gks jgk gSA ukfHkdh; fofdj.k dk mi;ksx dj [kk| inkFkks± dk ^bjsfM,'ku* (Irradiation) laHko gks
ldk gS ftlls fcuk fdlh jlk;u dk mi;ksx fd;s [kk| inkFkks± dks vfèkd le; rd lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldrk
gSA bl izfØ;k dh lgk;rk ls vusd izdkj ds iQy] lfC”k;ksa] ek¡l bR;kfn dk yacs le; rd laj{k.k fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
3. vkS|ksfxd mi;ksx (Industrial Use)% m|ksxksa esa izfØ;kvksa ds csgrj fodkl vkSj lqèkkj ds fy;s ukfHkdh;
rduhdh dk mi;ksx eki] Lopkyu rFkk xq.koÙkk fu;a=k.k gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA ukfHkdh; rduhdh dk mi;ksx dj
Hkwfexr ikbiykbuksa esa fjlko dk 'kh?kz irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA bl rduhd dk izeq[k mi;ksx isVªks jlk;u m|ksxksa
esa fd;k tkrk gSA
4. fpfdRlk m|ksx (Medical Industry)% ukfHkdh; rduhdh ds mi;ksx ls fofHkUu izdkj ds jksxksa ds funku dk
mik; [kkstk x;k gSA dbZ izdkj ds dSalj dk funku ukfHkdh; rduhd dh lgk;rk ls laHko gks ldk gSA blds
vfrfjDr ukfHkdh; vkS"kfèk;ksa dk mRiknu Hkh cM+s iSekus ij gks jgk gS] ftlesa jsfM;ks vkblksVksIl dk mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
5. vU; mi;ksx (Other Uses)% ukfHkdh; rduhd dk mi;ksx ty ds 'kq¼hdj.k gsrq Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA psUubZ rFkk
jktLFkku esa foyo.khdj.k la;a=k yxk, x, gSaA
blds vfrfjDr ukfHkdh; rduhd dk mi;ksx vif'k"V izcaèku esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj i;kZoj.k ds lao¼Zu
gsrq Hkh bl rduhd dk vuqiz;ksx lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 'kksèk ,oa vuqlaèkku ds {ks=k esa thok'eksa dh vk;q dk
irk yxkus ds fy;s fo'ks"k :i ls ukfHkdh; rduhdh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ukfHkdh; la;a=k (Nuclear Reactor)

;g ,d ,slk la;a=k gS ftlesa Ñf=ke mik;ksa dh lgk;rk ls ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu dh izfØ;k dks fu;af=kr Üka`[kyk
vfHkfØ;k ds :i esa lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k (Chain Reaction) dks fu;af=kr dj ukfHkdh;
mQtkZ mRiUu dh tkrh gSA bl ÅtkZ dks mQ"ek esa ifjofrZr dj bldk mi;ksx fo|qr mQtkZ izkIr djus gsrq fd;k tkrk
gSA ukfHkdh; fj,DVj esa jsfM;ks,fDVo inkFkZ dk mi;ksx b±èku ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu izfØ;k ds
mijkar eqDr U;wVªkWu mRiUu gksrs gSa rFkk fo'kky mQtkZ dk l`tu gksrk gSA
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Boiling Water Reactor System
ukfHkdh; fj,DVj ds egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd fuEufyf[kr gSa&

1. b±èku (Fuel): laa;a=k esa ftl jsfM;ks,fDVo inkFkZ dk mi;ksx fo[kaMu ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS] og b±èku dgykrk
gSA eq[;r% ;wjsfu;e (U235) rFkk IywVksfu;e (Pu239) dk bl gsrq mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Fkksfj;e
dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS fdarq bl ij vkèkkfjr fj,DVj vHkh Hkh izk;ksfxd Lrj ij gh gSA
2. 'khryd (Coolant): 'khryd dh lgk;rk ls fo[kaMu ds i'pkr~ mRiUu mQ"ek dh fo'kky ek=kk dks fu;af=kr
fd;k tkrk gSA ukfHkdh; fj,DVj ds fofHkUu izdkjksa ds vkèkkj ij vyx&vyx 'khryd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
blesa 'kkfey gSa& Hkkjh ty] nzfor lksfM;e bR;kfnA
3. eand (Moderator): fj,DVj esa eand dk iz;ksx vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~ mRiUu U;wVªkWu dh xfr dks ean djus ds
fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA bl gsrq Hkkjh ty] xzsiQkbV vFkok csjhfy;e vkWDlkbM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
4. fu;a=kd NM+sa (Control Rods): fu;a=kd NM+ksa dk mi;ksx U;wVªkWuksa dks vo'kksf"kr (Absorb) djus ds fy;s fd;k
tkrk gS ftlls fo[kaMu dh nj dks fu;af=kr j[kk tk ldsA dSMfe;e ,oa cksjkWu dh U;wVªkWu vo'kks"k.k {kerk mPp
gksus ds dkj.k buls cuh fu;a=kd NM+ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
5. ifjj{kd (Shield): fj,DVj ls mRlftZr 'kfDr'kkyh fofdj.k ls vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds
fy;s fj,DVj ds pkjksa rjiQ daØhV dh eksVh nhokjsa cukbZ tkrh gSaA bu nhokjksa dks ifjj{kd dgk tkrk gSA
6. lqj{kk NM+sa (Safety Rods): bu NM+ksa dk dk;Z vkikr fLFkfr esa Lor% lfØ; gksdj U;wVªkWu dh rhoz xfr dks
fu;af=kr djuk o U;wVªkWu dks vo'kksf"kr djuk gSA
7. nkc ufydk (Pressure Vessel): lkekU;r% ;g LVhy dh ,d e”kcwr ufydk gksrh gS ftlesa fj,DVj dksj vkSj
eand ,oa 'khryd dks LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA
fj,DVj ds eq[; izdkj (Major Types of Reactor)

fu;af=kr Ükà[kyk vfHkfØ;k dks lapkfyr djus okys ijek.kq fj,DVj dbZ çdkj ds gksrs gSaA budk oxhZdj.k eq[;r%
budh mi;ksfxrk] fj,DVj esa bLrseky gksus okys b±èku] U;wVªkWuksa dh xfr vkSj fj,DVj esa mi;ksx gksus okys eand vkSj
'khrydksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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mi;ksfxrk ds vkèkkj ij
vuqlaèkku fj,DVj% ;s ,sls ijek.kq fj,DVj gksrs gSa] ftuesa ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu çfØ;k esa mRlftZr U;wVªkWuksa dk bLrseky
dj jsfM;ks vkblksVksi mRikfnr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;s jsfM;ks vkblksVksi ijek.kq ÅtkZ ls tqM+s fofHkUu 'kksèk dk;ks± esa cgqr mi;ksxh
gksrs gSaA
U;wfDy;j ikoj fj,DVj% ;s fj,DVj fo[kaMu çfØ;k esa mRlftZr gksus okyh rkih; ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA çeq[k
:i ls bl rkih; ÅtkZ ls fctyh cukbZ tkrh gSA Hkfo"; esa jkWosQV esa b±èku ds rkSj ij bl ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds iz;ksx gsrq
vuqlaèkku fd;s tk jgs gSaA
b±èku ds vkèkkj ij
çkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e fj,DVj% bu ijek.kq fj,DVjksa esa b±èku ds rkSj ij ogh ;wjsfu;e bLrseky gksrk gS] ftlesa ;wjsfu;e
dk çkÑfrd vuqikr lajf{kr gksrk gSA
Ñf=ke ;wjsfu;e fj,DVj% Ñf=ke ;wjsfu;e fj,DVj esa mi;ksx gksus okys ;wjsfu;e b±èku esa 92U235 (;wjsfu;e-235) ds
vuqikr dks Ñf=ke fofèk;ksa ls laof¼Zr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
U;wVªkWuksa dh xfr ds vkèkkj ij
rkih; (Thermal) fj,DVj% bu fj,DVjksa esa ean xfr ds U;wVªkWuksa dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
rhoz (Fast) fj,DVj% rhoz fj,DVjksa esa rhoz xfr ds U;wVªkWuksa dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
lajpuk ds vkèkkj ij
fo|qr mRiknu djus gsrq
zzckW;fyax okWVj fj,DVj (Boiling Water Reactor-BWR): bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa 'khryd rFkk eand ds :i
esa lkèkkj.k ty dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lkèkkj.k ty dks tc dksj esa izokfgr fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g ogk¡ ls Å"ek
izkIr dj okf"ir gks tkrk gS rFkk ;g ok"i Vjckbu dks ?kqekdj fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiUu djrk gSA lkèkkj.k ty vPNk
eand ugha gksrk gSA vr% ;g ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu ls mRiUu gq, U;wVªkWuksa dh xfr dks vfèkd ean ugha dj ikrk gS]
ftl dkj.k os ukfHkdh; b±èku esa mifLFkr U–238 }kjk vo'kksf"kr dj fy;s tkrs gSa rFkk Üka`[kyk vfHkfØ;k #d
tkrh gSA lkFk&gh&lkFk lkèkkj.k ty] Hkkjh ty dh vis{kk U;wVªkWuksa dks vfèkd vo'kksf"kr djrk gS] ftl dkj.k
U–235 ls fØ;k djus gsrq cgqr de bysDVªkWu cprs gSaA blh dkj.k bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa laof¼Zr (Enriched)
;wjsfu;e (ftlesa U–235 3.5–4.5% gksrk gS) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ (Fissile Material)
dh Økafrd voLFkk cuh jgsA
zznkfcr ty fj,DVj (Pressurised Water Reactor-PWR): bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa Hkh 'khryd rFkk eand
ds :i esa lkèkkj.k ty dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA varj dsoy bruk gS fd buesa lkèkkj.k ty dks vR;fèkd nkc
ij fj,DVj dksj esa izokfgr fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ;g ty] ok"i esa cnys fcuk vR;fèkd mPp rkieku (yxHkx
320°C) ij igq¡p tkrk gSA mlds i'pkr~ bl ty dks ok"i tsujsVj esa izokfgr djkrs gSa] tgk¡ bl ty }kjk Å"ek
ok"i tsujsVj esa fo|eku vis{kkÑr de rkieku okys ty dh vksj izokfgr gksrh gS rFkk og ty] ok"i esa cnydj
Vjckbu dks pykrk gSA
zznkfcr Hkkjh ty fj,DVj (Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor-PHWR or CANDU-CANada Deuterium
Uranium Reactor): bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa 'khryd rFkk eand ds :i esa Hkkjh ty dk rFkk fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ
(Fissile Material) ds :i esa izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e (blesa U–235 rFkk U–238 dk izfr'kr Øe'k% 0.7 izfr'kr rFkk
99.3 izfr'kr gksrk gS) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
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bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa esa Hkkjh ty dks vR;fèkd nkc ij fj,DVj dksj esa izokfgr fd;k tkrk gSA pw¡fd Hkkjh ty
U;wVªkWuksa dk vPNk eand gksrk gSA vr% ;g U;wVªkWuksa dh xfr dks ean dj nsrk gS] ftlls os U–238 dk fo[kaMu ugha dj
ikrs gSaA (U–238 dk fo[kaMu djus ds fy;s U;wVªkWuksa dh ÅtkZ 1 MeV ;k mlls Åij gksuh pkfg;s) vr% U–235 dk
fo[kaMu djus gsrq miyCèk jgrs gSaA lkFk&gh&lkFk ;g U;wVªkWuksa dks lkèkkj.k ty dh vis{kk de vo'kksf"kr djrk gS]
ftlls os U–235 ds fo[kaMu ds fy;s cps jg tkrs gSaA vr% Ükà[kyk vfHkfØ;k vklkuh ls lapkfyr gksrh jgrh gSA
bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa dk loZizFke fodkl dukMk us fd;k FkkA vr% bUgsa CANDU fj,DVj Hkh dgrs gSaA
zzmUur Hkkjh ty fj,DVj ( Advanced Heavy Water Reactor-AHWR): Hkkjr ds }kjk budk fodkl fd;k tk
jgk gSA ;g Fkksfj;e mi;ksx ij vkèkkfjr gSA HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsaæ (BARC) us buds fM”kkbu rFkk fodkl
ds fy;s baizQkLVªDpj rS;kj fd;k gSA
b±èku ds :i esa ;g feDLM vkWDlkbM b±èku (Mixed Oxide Fuel-MOX) dk bLrseky djsxk] ftlesa PuO2 –
ThO2 MOX rFkk ThO2–233UO2 MOX dk iz;ksx eq[; gS rFkk eand ds :i esa vfØLVyh; dkcZu rFkk Hkkjh
ty dk iz;ksx djsxkA
fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ ds mRiknu gsrq
bl izdkj ds fj,DVj ^czhMj fj,DVj* (Breeder Reactor) dgykrs gSaA buds }kjk mRiknd inkFkZ (Fertile Material)
dks fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ (Fissile Material) esa cnyk tkrk gSA ;s eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa&
1. rhoz iztud fj,DVj (Fast Breeder Reactor)
2. rkih; iztud fj,DVj (Thermal Breeder Reactor)
zziQkLV czhMj fj,DVj (FBR): bl izdkj ds fj,DVjksa dk mi;ksx eq[;r% U–238 dks fo[kaMuh; IywVksfu;e-239 esa
cnyus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh blds }kjk Th-232 dks fo[kaMuh; U–233 esa Hkh cnyk tk ldrk gSA vfèkdrj
FBR esa 'khryd ds :i esa nzo lksfM;e dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd ;g U;wVªkWuksa dh xfr dks ean ugha djrk gSA
zzFkeZy czhMj fj,DVj (TBR): ;g O;kolkf;d :i ls Fkksfj;e dks fo[kaMuh; U-233 cukus ds fy;s mi;ksxh gSA
blesa vis{kkÑr ean U;wVªkWuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
zzmRiknd inkFkZ (Fertile Material): og inkFkZ ftldks lhèks ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ mRiknu ds fy;s iz;ksx ugha fd;k
tk ldrk] ijarq czhMj fj,DVjksa }kjk fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ (Fissile Material) esa cnyk tk ldrk gS] ^mRiknd inkFkZ*
(Fertile Material) dgykrk gSA tSls& U-238, Th-232 vkfnA
zzfo[kaMuh; inkFkZ (Fissile Material): og inkFkZ ftldk mi;ksx lhèks ÅtkZ mRiknu gsrq fd;k tk ldrk gS]
^fo[kaMuh; inkFkZ* (Fissile Material) dgykrk gSA tSls& U-235, Pu-239 vkfnA
zzifj"Ñr@laof¼Zr ;wjsfu;e (Enriched Uranium): çkÑfrd voLFkk esa ;wjsfu;e U235 o U238 dh la;qDr voLFkk
esa ik;k tkrk gS ftlesa U235 ek=k 0.7 çfr'kr gh mifLFkr jgrk gS] tcfd ;gh ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ ds fy;s vfèkd
egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA tc ge Ñf=ke fofèk ls çkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e dk ifj"dj.k dj U235 dh ek=kk c<+k nsrs gSa rks ;gh
ifj"Ñr ;wjsfu;e dgykrk gSA Hkkjr esa U235 dh ek=kk dks lkekU;r% 0.7 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj yxHkx 3 çfr'kr rd
fd;k tk jgk gSA
Hkkjr esa ijek.kq ;k ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk fodkl

(Development of Atomic or Nuclear Energy in India)
Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh;@ijek.kq ÅtkZ fodkl dk;ZØe ds ç.ksrk ç[;kr oSKkfud MkWDVj gkseh tgk¡xhj HkkHkk FksA mUgha ds
fn'kk&funsZ'ku esa Hkkjr us ukfHkdh; foKku vkSj rduhd ds vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl dh uhao j[khA Hkkjr ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds
'kkafriw.kZ bLrseky dk i{kèkj gS vkSj 1948 esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ foèks;d (Atomic Energy Bill) ikfjr dj mlus ijek.kq
vuqlaèkku dks 'kkafriw.kZ mn~ns';ksa ds fy;s lefiZr fd;kA MkW- gkseh tgk¡xhj HkkHkk dh vè;{krk esa gh 10 vxLr] 1948
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dks ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx (Atomic Energy Commission) dk xBu fd;k x;kA ogha 3 vxLr] 1954 dks ijek.kq ÅtkZ
foHkkx (Department of Atomic Energy-DAE) dh LFkkiuk gqbZA ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx us Hkkjr esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds fodkl
dk jksMeSi çLrqr fd;k&
zzLons'kh rFkk vU; çekf.kr çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds foLrkj rFkk lkFk gh lac¼ b±èku pØ lqfoèkkvksa ds }kjk rhoz çtud fj,DVjksa
(Fast Breeder Reactor) ,oa Fkksfj;e fj,DVjksa ds fodkl ds ekè;e ls ukfHkdh; fo|qr ds ;ksxnku dks c<+kukA
zzjsfM;ks leLFkkfudksa ds mRiknu ds fy, vuqlaèkku fj,DVjksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj çpkyu djuk rFkk fpfdRlk] Ñf"k ,oa
m|ksx ds {ks=kksa esa fofdj.k çkS|ksfxdh dk vuqç;ksx djukA
zzRojdksa (Accelerators), ystjksa] lqij daI;wVjksa] çxr (Advanced) lkefxz;ksa vkSj ;a=khdj.k dk fodkl djuk rFkk
vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa çkS|ksfxdh ds varj.k dks çksRlkfgr djukA
zzukfHkdh; ÅtkZ rFkk foKku ls lacafèkr {ks=kksa esa ewyHkwr vuqlaèkku djuk] fo'ofo|ky;ksa rFkk 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa ds chp
bl {ks=k esa vuqlaèkku gsrq laokn dks csgrj cukuk] ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx ds dk;ZØe ls lacafèkr vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl
ifj;kstukvksa dks lgk;rk nsuk vkSj vuqlaèkku ls lac¼ mUur {ks=kksa esa varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsukA
zzjk"Vª dh lqj{kk esa ;ksxnku nsukA
ukfHkdh; ;k ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds fofHkUu pj.k (Different Stages of Nuclear Energy Programme)
Hkkjr dh nh?kZdkfyd ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa dks lqfuf'pr djus ds mn~ns'; ls 1950 ds n'kd esa MkW- gkseh tgk¡xhj
HkkHkk us Hkkjr ds rhu pj.k okys ijek.kq dk;ZØe dh vkèkkjf'kyk j[khA blds fy;s nf{k.k Hkkjr ds leqæ rVh; bykdksa
dh eksuk”kkbV jsr esa ik, tkus okys Fkksfj;e ds çpqj HkaMkjksa dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tkuk FkkA fo'ks"kdj Fkksfj;e ds HkaMkjksa
ds ”kfj;s Hkkjr dks ÅtkZ mRiknu esa vkRefuHkZj cukus dk y{; j[kk x;k FkkA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd fo'o ds dqy
Fkksfj;e HkaMkjksa dk 25 çfr'kr vdsys Hkkjr esa gSA ogha ;wjsfu;e ds HkaMkj Hkkjr esa fo'o ds dqy HkaMkjksa ds eg”k 1–2
iQhlnh gSA
ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds bu y{;ksa ds vuq:i Hkkjr us chrs n'kdksa esa mYys[kuh; çxfr dh gSA Fkksfj;e vkèkkfjr
ijek.kq 'kksèk vkSj ukfHkdh; rduhdsa fodflr djus esa HkkHkk ,VkWfed fjlpZ dkmafly (BARC) ds ç;klksa ls Hkkjr us
o"kZ 2014 esa nqfu;k ds igys Fkksfj;e vkèkkfjr ukfHkdh; fj,DVj dk fM”kkbu rS;kj dj fy;kA
çFke pj.k (First Stage):
bldh 'kq#vkr rkjkiqj esa ifj"Ñr ;wjsfu;e ij vkèkkfjr ckW;fyax okWVj fj,DVj (Boiling Water Reactor–BWR)
dh LFkkiuk ls gqbZA ;g USA }kjk nh xbZ rduhd Fkh] tks nks dkj.kksa ls liQy u gks ldh&
(i) blesa b±èku ds :i esa ifj"Ñr ;wjsfu;e dk ç;ksx fd;k tkuk Fkk] tks ,d [kphZyh ç.kkyh FkhA
(ii) Hkkjr&vesfjdk ds cnyrs dqVuhfrd lacaèkA
uksV% rkjkiqj ijek.kq ÅtkZ LVs'ku Hkkjr dk igyk ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a=k gSA bl la;a=k ls vDrwcj 1969 ls fo|qr mRiknu gks jgk
gSA
blds ckn Hkkjr us dukMk ls nkfcr Hkkjh ty fj,DVj (Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor–PHWR) dh rduhd
çkIr dh] ftlesa b±èku ds :i esa çkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e dk ç;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjr esa orZeku esa lokZfèkd ukfHkdh;
ÅtkZ mRiknu blh rduhd }kjk fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj blh pj.k ds vafre nkSj esa :l ds lg;ksx ls dqMudqye
(rfeyukMq) esa VVER ds nks la;a=k LFkkfir fd;s x,A bl pj.k esa Hkkjr fj,DVjksa ds Lons'kh fuekZ.k dh vksj mUeq[k
gqvk vkSj vof'k"V inkFkks± dk iqu% mi;ksx Hkh lh[kk] mnkgj.kLo:i& IywVksfu;e ds vof'k"V dk nksgjk mi;ksxA
f}rh; pj.k (Second Stage):
bl pj.k esa iQkLV czhMj fj,DVj (Fast Breeder Reactor–FBR) o mlls lacafèkr rduhd ds fodkl ds fy;s
dyiDde esa bafnjk xkaèkh ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz (IGCAR) dh LFkkiuk 1971 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx
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ds vèkhu dh xbZA FBR esa çkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e o çFke pj.k ls çkIr IywVksfu;e ds dkckZbM feJ.k dk b±èku ds :i
esa ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA bl fj,DVj dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa ftruk b±èku tysxk mlls vfèkd b±èku dk fuekZ.k vxys
pj.k ds fy;s gks tk,xk vkSj bl çfØ;k ds fy;s rhoz U;wVªkWuksa ds ckSNkj dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
rkih; fj,DVjksa dh rqyuk esa bldk vkdkj NksVk gksrk gS D;ksafd blesa eandksa (Moderators) dh vko';drk ugha
gksrhA çksVksVkbi iQkLV czhMj fj,DVj (PFBR) ds fuekZ.k ds ckn Hkkjr bl rduhd ds fodkl ds vafre pj.k esa igq¡p
pqdk gSA
blh pj.k esa ,d vkSj mUur dk;ZØe cuk;k x;k ftls ^mUur Hkkjh ty fj,DVj* (Advanced Heavy Water
Reactor–AHWR) dk uke fn;k x;k vkSj çkjaHk esa blls 300 esxkokV ds ÅtkZ mRiknu dk y{; j[kk x;kA bldh
fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd b±èku ds :i esa blesa Fkksfj;e dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tk,xk] ftlls Hkkjr LokHkkfod :i ls vius
ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds rhljs pj.k esa igq¡p tk,xkA
rhljk pj.k (Third Stage):
Hkkjrh; ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds vafre pj.k esa Fkksfj;e vkèkkfjr la;a=k dk fodkl djuk gSA leL;k ;g gS
fd Fkksfj;e çR;{k ukfHkdh; b±èku ugha gS ¯drq ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k ls Fkksfj;e&232 dks ;wjsfu;e&233 esa cnyk tk
ldrk gS] tks ,d mi;ksxh ukfHkdh; b±èku gSA è;krO; gS fd Hkkjr esa Fkksfj;e çpqj ek=kk esa miyCèk gS vkSj oSKkfud
vkdyu ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds ikl bldh bruh çpqjrk gS fd 4 yk[k esxkokV ÅtkZ dk mRiknu laHko gSA bldk ,d
vU; ykHk gS fd ;g la;a=k IywVksfu;e vkèkkfjr la;a=kksa ls vfèkd lqjf{kr jgsxk vkSj 'khryd ds :i esa blesa Hkh Hkkjh
ty (D2O) dk gh ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
uksV% dyiDde fLFkr çk;ksfxd dyiDde feuh fj,DVj (KAMINI) esa Fkksfj;e ls cus b±èku ;wjsfu;e&233 ds
ç;ksx }kjk 30 fdyksokV ÅtkZ dk mRiknu gks jgk gSA dkfeuh fj,DVj esa U;wVªkWu ijkorZd ds :i esa ^csjsfy;e vkWDlkbM*
(BeO) dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vyo.kh; lkèkkj.k ty dk iz;ksx 'khryd vkSj eand ds :i esa fd;k tkrk
gSA bls BARC rFkk IGCAR us feydj cuk;k gSA ogha HkkHkk ,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj (BARC) Fkksfj;e vkèkkfjr
,MokaLM gSoh okVj fj,DVj (AHWR) rFkk dkWEisDV gkbZ Vasijspj fj,DVj (CHTR) cukus dh fn'kk esa Hkh dk;Zjr gSA
Hkkjr esa fØ;k'khy ijek.kq mQtkZ la;a=k (NPCIL }kjk lapkfyr)
la;a=k jkT; izdkj bdkbZ dqy {kerk (MW)
dSxk dukZVd PHWR 220 × 4 880
rkjkiqj egkjk"Vª BWR 160 × 2 1,400

PHWR 540 × 2
jkorHkkVk jktLFkku PHWR 100 × 1 1180

200 × 1
220 × 4
dkdjkikj xqtjkr PHWR 220 × 2 440
ujkSjk mÙkj izns'k PHWR 220 × 2 440
dyiDde rfeyukMq PHWR 220 × 2 440
dqMudqye rfeyukMq VVER 1000 × 2 2000
dqy 6,780

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr esa fuekZ.kkèkhu ijek.kq mQtkZ la;a=k (NPCIL)
la;a=k jkT; izdkj bdkbZ vuqekfur {kerk (MW)
dkdjkikj xqtjkr PHWR 700 × 2 1400
dyiDde rfeyukMq PFBR 500 × 1 500
jkorHkkVk jktLFkku PHWR 700 × 2 1400
dqMudqye rfeyukMq VVER 1000 × 2 2000
dqy 5,300
blds vfrfjDr ns'k esa dqy 41,200 esxkokV {kerk ds ukfHkdh; mQtkZ la;a=k izLrkfor gSa] ftUgsa vyx&vyx ns'kksa
dh lgk;rk ls ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa LFkkfir fd;k tkuk gSA
Hkkjr esa izLrkfor ijek.kq mQtkZ la;a=k
la;a=k jkT; izdkj bdkbZ vuqekfur {kerk (MW)
dksokMk vkaèkz izns'k AP1000 1100 × 6 6,600
ehBh onhZ xqtjkr AP1000 1100 × 6 6,600
gjhiqj if'pe caxky VVER-1000 1000 ×6 6,000
tSrkiqj egkjk"Vª EPR 1650 × 6 9,900
xksj[kiqj gfj;k.kk PHWR 700 × 4 2,800
Hkheiqj eè; izns'k PHWR 700 × 4 2,800
ekgh (ck¡lokM+k) jktLFkku PHWR 700×4 2,800
pqVdk eè; izns'k PHWR 700×2 1,400
dSxk dukZVd PHWR 700 × 2 1400
enzkl rfeyukMq FBR 600 × 2 1200
rkjkiqj egkjk"Vª AHWR 300 × 1 300
dqy 41,800
Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; rduhdh fodkl gsrq laLFkkxr lajpuk

(Institutional Structure in India for Development of Nuclear Technology)
Hkkjr esa ijek.kq mQtkZ ls lacafèkr leLr xfrfofèk;ksa gsrq ijek.kq mQtkZ foHkkx dk;Zdkjh ,tsalh gSA ;g ,tsalh ijek.kq
ÅtkZ vk;ksx ds vèkhu dk;Z djrh gSA ijek.kq mQtkZ vfèkfu;e] 1948 ds vuqlkj ijek.kq izkS|ksfxdh dk 'kkafriw.kZ mn~ns';
ds fy;s ijek.kq mQtkZ dk fodkl] fu;a=k.k ,oa iz;ksx] fo|qr mRiknu] m|ksx] fpfdRlk] Ñf"k vuqlaèkku bR;kfn {ks=kksa ds
fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA bl gsrq Hkkjr esa vuqlaèkku dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA Hkkjr dk y{; bl {ks=k esa vkRefuHkZjrk
izkIr djuk gSA

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Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; rduhd fodkl gsrq laLFkkxr lajpuk
vk.kfod mQtkZ vk;ksx
vk.kfod mQtkZ fu;ked cksMZ
vk.kfod mQtkZ foHkkx
vuqlaèkku ,oa lkoZtfud {ks=k vkS|ksfxd lsok

fodkl laxBu miØe lqfoèkk dsanz laLFkku
HkkHkk vk.kfod vuqlaèkku Hkkjrh; js;jvFkZ Hkkjh tycksMZ] eqacbZ

dsanz (BARC), eqacbZ fyfeVsM] eqacbZ
bafnjk xkaèkh vk.kfod Hkkjrh; ijek.kq mQtkZ jsfM,'ku ,oa vkblksVksi
vuqlaèkku dsanz] dyiDde fuxe fy-] eqacbZ rduhdh cksMZ] eqacbZ
mPp rduhdh dsanz] bankSj Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfuDl fuxe ukfHkdh; b±èku
vk.kfod [kfut funs'kky; fy-] tknwxqM+k ,oa gSnjkckn ifjlj] gSnjkckn
(fu"d"kZ.k ,oa vuqalèkku)]
gSnjkckn fofuekZ.k] lsok ,oa laink
izcaèku funs'kky;] eqacbZ
ifjorhZ mQtkZ lkbDyksVªkWu
Ø; ,oa HkaMkj.k funs'kky;] eqacbZ
dsanz] dksydkrk
lkekU; lsok laxBu] dyiDde
blds vfrfjDr ijek.kq mQtkZ vk;ksx }kjk foÙkiksf"kr dqN vU; laLFkku fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1. VkVk eseksfj;y dsanz] eqacbZ 5. IykTek vuqlaèkku laLFkku] vgenkckn
2. ewyHkwr vuqlaèkku laLFkku] eqacbZ 6. xf.krh; foKku laLFkku] psUubZ
3. HkkSfrdh laLFkku] Hkqous'oj 7. gjh'kpanz vuqlaèkku laLFkku] bykgkckn
4. lkgk ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh laLFkku] dksydkrk 8. vk.kfod mQtkZ f'k{kk lkslk;Vh] eqacbZ
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ukfHkdh; rduhdh dsanz (Major Nuclear Technology Centres in India)
Hkkjr ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsaæ eqacbZ] (egkjk"Vª) (BARC)
ckdZ Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; 'kksèk ,oa fodkl dk izeq[k dsanz gSA blds }kjk èkqzo] lkbjl] vIljk rFkk dkfeuh fj,DVj
lapkfyr gks jgs gSaA ckdZ us Vªkacs] rkjkiqj vkSj dyiDde esa b±èku iquizZlaLdj.k la;a=k Hkh LFkkfir fd;s gSaA blds vfrfjDr
ckdZ ds }kjk ukfHkdh; vif'k"Vksa dk izcaèku Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA ckdZ dh ,d bdkbZ fofdj.k vkS"kfèk dsanz] eqacbZ fo'o
LokLF; laxBu dk {ks=kh; funsZ'k dsanz gSA
bafnjk xkaèkh ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz] dyiDde (rfeyukMq)
blds }kjk lksfM;e 'khryd vkèkkfjr iQkLV czhMj fj,DVj rduhd dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA bl fj,DVj ls
lacafèkr b±èku pØ rFkk lqj{kk fodkl dh f”kEesnkjh Hkh blh laLFkku dh gSA
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jktk jeUuk lsaVj iQkWj ,Mokal VsDukWykth] bankSj (eè; izns'k)
bl laLFkku dh LFkkiuk ckdZ dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds izlkj esa lgk;d dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus gsrq dh xbZA ;g laLFkku
eq[;r% ystj vkSj ,DlsyjsVj ds {ks=k esa dk;Z djus gsrq izfrc¼ gSA blds vfrfjDr ;g Øk;kstsfuDl rFkk cM+s pqacdksa
ds fuekZ.k ls lacafèkr rduhd ds fodkl esa layXu gSA
bysDVªkWfuDl dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM] gSnjkckn (rsyaxkuk)
bl laLFkk dk mn~ns'; O;kolkf;d Lrj ij bysDVªkWfud mRiknu esa fo'ks"kKrk izkIr djuk gSA blds varxZr ukfHkdh;
mQtkZ la;a=kksa ds fy;s daVªksy ,aM bULVªwesaVs'ku rFkk vFkZ LVs'ku ,aVhuk 'kkfey gSaA
oSfj,cy ,uthZ lkbDyksVªkWu] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
;g laLFkku ukfHkdh; d.kksa ds ce ds fodkl gsrq f”kEesnkj gS] ftldk mi;ksx ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh rFkk ukfHkdh;
jlk;u esa fd;k tkrk gSA blds lkFk ;g dsanz jsfM;ks vkblksVksi dk Hkh mRiknu djrk gSA
Hkkjr esa egÙoiw.kZ vuqlaèkku fj,DVj (Major Research Reactor in India)

vuqlaèkku fj,DVjksa dks ^thjks ikoj fj,DVj* Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ftldk dkj.k ;g gS fd bu fj,DVjksa dk mQtkZ izkfIr
gsrq iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
izeq[k vuqlaèkku fj,DVjksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa&
1. vIljk (APSARA): ckdZ }kjk lapkfyr ;g ns'k dk izFke (1956) vuqlaèkku fj,DVj gSA bldh {kerk 1 esxkokV
gS rFkk bls Lons'kh rduhd ls fufeZr fd;k x;k gSA blesa eand ,oa 'khryd ds fy;s lknk ikuh dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA
2. lkbjl (CIRUS): ;g fj,DVj dukMk dh lgk;rk ls eqacbZ esa 1960 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA bl fj,DVj dk
eq[; mn~ns'; jsfM;ks vkblksVksIl dk mRiknu ,oa muesa iz;ksx ,oa izf'k{k.k esa lg;ksx djuk FkkA bl dsanz us ns'k
ds lkefjd ijek.kq dk;ZØe ds fodkl esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA ;g izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e b±èku ij vkèkkfjr FkkA
31 fnlacj] 2010 dks bl fj,DVj dks can dj fn;k x;kA
3. èkzqo (DHRUVA): Lons'kh rduhd ds mi;ksx ls 100 esxkokV {kerk ds bl vuqlaèkku fj,DVj dh LFkkiuk 1985
esa dh xbZA bldk izeq[k dk;Z leLFkkfudksa dk mRiknu rFkk mUur ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh esa vuqlaèkku djuk gSA blesa
Hkh izkÑfrd ;wjsfu;e dks b±èku ds :i esa bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bl fj,DVj ds lg;ksx ls IywVksfu;e&239 dk
mRiknu Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
4. dkfeuh (KAMINI): bl fj,DVj dh LFkkiuk 1996 esa dyiDde (rfeyukMq) esa dh xbZA bl fj,DVj esa
izk;ksfxd rkSj ij Fkksfj;e dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ;g la;a=k fo'o dk igyk fj,DVj gS] ftlesa Fkksfj;e&;wjsfu;e&233
b±èku pØ dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl fj,DVj dk mi;ksx fofHkUu inkFkks± dh jsfM;ksxzkiQh ds fy;s Hkh fd;k
tkrk gSA
5. rhoz iztuu ijh{k.k fj,DVj (Fast Breeder Test Reactor–FBTR): bl fj,DVj dh LFkkiuk bafnjk xkaèkh
ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsanz] dyiDde esa dh xbZ gSA blesa ;wjsfu;eµIywVksfu;e dkckZbM fefJr b±èku dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; rki&ukfHkdh; izk;ksfxd fj,DVj

(International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor–ITER)
;g izQk¡l esa fLFkr ,d varjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl gSA blesa ukfHkdh; lay;u vkèkkfjr fo|qr ÅtkZ mRiknu ij 'kksèk tkjh gSA
;g VksdkeSd ukfHkdh; lay;u fj,DVj ij vkèkkfjr izk;ksfxd fj,DVj gSA ;g varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx esa lapkfyr ,d vuqlaèkku
ifj;kstuk gS tks ukfHkdh; lay;u vfHkfØ;k ij vkèkkfjr gSA vkbVj (ITER) ,d ySfVu 'kCn gS ftldk rkRi;Z gS&
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rjhdkA ;g ifj;kstuk Úk¡l ds dMkjk'k 'kgj esa LFkkfir dh tk jgh gSA blds izeq[k mn~ns';ksa esa 'kkfey gSa&
zzIyk”ek ds vfèkdre mi;ksx dks lqfuf'pr djus gsrq bldh lerqY; voLFkk izkIr djukA
zzToyu'khy Iyk”ek mRiUu djukA
zzvfrpkyd pqacd dk fuekZ.k djus gsrq mUur rduhdh dk fodkl djukA
zzijek.kq lay;u }kjk vR;fèkd ÅtkZ mRiUu djukA
zzVªhfV;e czhfMax fl¼kar dh tk¡p djukA
ITER dh LFkkiuk ;wukbVsM us'kal baVjus'kuy ,VkWfed ,uthZ vFkkWfjVh ds varxZr dh xbZ gS rFkk blesa ;wjksih; la?k]
Hkkjr] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] :l] tkiku] phu vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k 'kkfey gSaA
Hkkjr esa Hkh Iyk”ek vuqlaèkku laLFkku] xkaèkhuxj esa Lons'kh rduhd ds lg;ksx ls nks VksdkeSd (vkfnR;) fodflr
fd;s x, gSaA
Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ijh{k.k (India's Nuclear Test)

iks[kj.k&I
Hkkjr us vius ijek.kq dk;ZØe ds rgr igyk ukfHkdh; ijh{k.k 18 ebZ] 1974 dks jktLFkku ds iks[kj.k esa fd;kA
bls ^'kkafriw.kZ ukfHkdh; foLiQksV* (Peaceful Nuclear Explosion–PNE) vkSj ^Lekbfyax cq¼k* (Smiling Buddha) ds
uke ls tkuk x;kA
ckdZ (BARC) vkSj MhvkjMhvks (DRDO) ds ijLij rkyesy ls ;g ijek.kq ijh{k.k Fkkj e#LFky esa 107 ehVj
dh xgjkbZ esa ‘L’ vkdkj ds LFkku esa djk;k x;kA BARC ds rRdkyhu funs'kd jktk jeUuk (Hkkjr esa ijek.kq ce ds
tud) vkSj MhvkjMhvks ds oSKkfud lykgdkj MkW- clarh nqyky ukxpkSèkjh us ijh{k.k dks liQy cukus esa vxz.kh Hkwfedk
fuHkkbZA
;g ijh{k.k 8 fdyks Vu (12&13 fdyks Vu dk nkok) ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu ds led{k FkkA blesa IywVksfu;e dks b±èku
ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj foLiQksV ds ckn fdlh rjg ds fofdj.k iQSyus dh ?kVuk ugha gqbZA
iks[kj.k&II
Hkkjr us nwljh ckj o"kZ 1998 esa nks pØksa esa ik¡p ijek.kq ijh{k.k fd;sA bUgsa ^'kfDr 98* ds uke ls tkuk x;kA
'kfDr 98 esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx (DAE), HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku dsaæ (BARC) vkSj j{kk vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl laxBu
(DRDO) dh Hkwfedk çeq[k FkhA
igyk pØ (11 ebZ] 1998):
zz'kfDr&I (FkeksZU;wfDy;j fMokbl@Thermonuclear Device): 'kfDr I fMokbl ukfHkdh; lay;u fØ;k ij vkèkkfjr
FkkA ijh{k.k ds nkSjku blesa 45 fdyksVu {kerk dk foLiQksV djk;k x;kA gkyk¡fd ijh{k.k dk y{; 200 fdyksVu
{kerk rd dk foLiQksV djkuk FkkA FkeksZU;wfDy;j fMokbl dh fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd blesa ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu ls fudyh
ÅtkZ dk bLrseky dj MÔwVhfj;e ukfHkdksa esa lay;u dh vfHkfØ;k vkjaHk djkbZ xbZ FkhA
zz'kfDr&II (ijaijkxr fo[kaMu fMokbl@Conventional Fission Device): 'kfDr II ;k ijaijkxr fo[kaMu fMokbl ls
yxHkx 15 fdyksVu {kerk dk ukfHkdh; foLiQksV djk;k x;kA ;g foLiQksV ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu dh çfØ;k ij vkèkkfjr
FkkA ;q¼ esa ijek.kq ce ds :i esa bl fMokbl dk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fMokbl esa IywVksfu;e&239 vkSj
;wjsfu;e&233 dk b±èku ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k x;k rFkk csjsfy;e ds ;kSfxdksa dks feJ.k dop ds :i esa j[kk x;k
FkkA csjsfy;e dk xq.k gS fd og ukfHkdh; foLiQksV ds fy;s U;wVªkWu eYVhIyhds'ku jsf'k;ks (Neutron Multiplication
Ratio) dks vko';d la[;k rd igq¡pk nsrk gSA
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zz'kfDr&III (fuEu {kerk fMokbl@Low Yield Device): ijh{k.k ds oDr bl fMokbl dh {kerk 0.2 fdyksVu
FkhA ;g ijh{k.k Hkh ukfHkdh; fo[kaMu ij vkèkkfjr FkkA bl rjg ds fMokbl dk mi;ksx rduhdh mn~ns'; ls fd;k
tkrk gSA bls ”k:jr iM+us ij mPp foLiQksVd esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA
nwljk pØ (13 ebZ] 1998):
nwljs pØ esa fuEu {kerk ds fo[kaMu ij vkèkkfjr nks ijek.kq ijh{k.k djk, x,] ftudh {kerk 0.5 fdyksVu vkSj
0.3 fdyksVu FkhA bUgsa ^lc&fØfVdy VsLV* Hkh dgk x;kA ,d fdyksVu ls de dk foLiQksV gksus ds pyrs bls ^'kwU;
foLiQksV* Hkh dgk x;kA bl ijh{k.k dk mn~ns'; ukfHkdh; foLiQksVksa dk ekWMy rS;kj dj vk¡dM+ksa dks laxzg djuk FkkA
Hkkjr dks bl foLiQksV dk j.kuhfrd ykHk Hkh feykA Ô;kid ijek.kq ijh{k.k fu"ksèk lafèk* (CTBT) ij gLrk{kj u djus
ds ckotwn lc&fØfVdy rduhd ls ijh{k.kksa dks ç;ksx'kkyk esa tkjh j[kk tk ldrk gSA
Hkkjr dh ijek.kq uhfr (Nuclear Doctrine of India)
zzfo'oluh; U;wure çfrjksèkd {kerk dk fuekZ.k o j[kj[kkoA
zzijek.kq vL=k jfgr fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fo#¼ Hkkjr ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk ç;ksx ugha djsxk (NO USE) rFkk ijek.kq
gfFk;kj laiUu ns'kksa ij Hkh vkØe.k dh igy ugha djsxk (No first use)
zzijek.kq geyk gksus ij tokch dkjZokbZ bruh l'kDr gksxh fd nq'eu dh çfrfØ;k djus dh {kerk iw.kZr% u"V gks tk,A
zztokch ijek.kq geys dk vkns'k nsus dk vfèkdkj îjek.kq deku vfèkdj.k* (Nuclear Command Authority) ds
ekè;e ls dsoy jktuhfrd 'kfDr dks gksxkA
zzHkkjr fo'o Lrj ij fcuk HksnHkko okys ijek.kq fu%'kL=khdj.k ds }kjk fo'o dks ijek.kfod gfFk;kjksa ls eqDr djkus
ds vius y{; ds çfr lnSo ltx jgsxkA
zzHkkjrh; lsuk ij tSfod ;k ijek.kfod gfFk;kjksa ls Hkkjr ij ;k fdlh LFkku ij geys ls ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjksa ds
ç;ksx dk fodYi [kqyk jgsxkA
zzHkkjr viuh ijek.kq ,oa ç{ksikL=k lacaèkh lkexzh ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ds fu;kZr ij l[r fu;a=k.k cuk, j[ksxk rFkk ijek.kq
ijh{k.k u djus ds vius iSQlys ij dk;e jgsxkA bl rjg Hkkjr us viuh ukfHkdh; uhfr esa rhu rÙoksa dks çeq[krk
nh gS& ikjnf'kZrk] tokcnsgh vkSj lqn`<+rk] tks ,d yksdrkaf=kd laçHkq ns'k dh Hkkouk dks çdV djrk gSA
çeq[k ijek.kq nq?kZVuk,¡ (Major Nuclear Accidents)

fgjksf'kek vkSj ukxklkdh: tkiku ij 6 vxLr vkSj 9 vxLr] 1945 dks nwljs fo'o ;q¼ ds nkSjku ijek.kq ce
fxjk, x,A blesa dqy feykdj Ms<+ yk[k ls ”;knk yksx ekjs x,A bu ijek.kq ceksa esa Øe'k% ;wjsfu;e&235 vkSj
IywVksfu;e&239 b±èkuksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA
Fkzh ekby vkbySaM nq?kZVuk: o"kZ 1979 esa vesfjdk ds ^Fkzh ekby vkbySaM* fLFkr ,d ijek.kq dsaæ esa èkekdk gqvk
Fkk] ftlds pyrs vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k esa Hkkjh ek=kk esa jsfM;kèkehZ xSlksa dk ços'k gks x;kA iQyLo:i 3,00,000
fuokfl;ksa dks foLFkkfir djuk iM+k FkkA
psuksZfcy nq?kZVuk: 26 vçSy] 1986 dks ;wØsu ds psuksZfcy ijek.kq la;a=k esa gq, ,d foLiQksV ls Hkh"k.k vkx yx
xbZ Fkh vkSj jsfM;ksèkehZ inkFkZ IykaV ls ckgj fudy iM+s FksA ;|fi ml nq?kZVuk esa dsoy pkj yksxksa dh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh]
ysfdu de&ls&de 100 ls vfèkd yksxksa ds 'kjhj esa jsfM;ksèkehZ fofdj.k dkiQh vfèkd ek=kk esa ços'k dj x, Fks]
D;ksafd ml nq?kZVuk ds pyrs vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k esa jsfM;ksèkfeZrk dh ek=kk lkekU; ls djhc 2000 xquk vfèkd gks
xbZ FkhA blds pyrs ml {ks=k dh iwjh vkcknh ;kuh yxHkx ,d yk[k yksxksa dks jsfM;ksèkfeZrk ls cpkus ds fy;s nwljs
LFkku ij clkuk iM+k FkkA
iqQoqQf'kek ijek.kq nq?kZVuk: tkiku ds iqQdqf'kek 'kgj esa o"kZ 2011 esa lqukeh vkus ds ckn ijek.kq la;a=k {kfrxzLr
gks x;k Fkk] ftlds dkj.k g”kkjksa yksxksa dks foLFkkfir djuk iM+kA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2018 esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ dh igy ,oa miyfCèk;k¡
o"kZ 2018 ds nkSjku ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx (Department of Atomic Energy) us ÅtkZ lqj{kk vkSj lekt ds ykHk
ds fy;s fofHkU‍u igy fd;s vkSj bl çdkj jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa ;ksxnku fd;kA
çeq• miyfCèk;k¡
dSxk tsujsfVax L‍Vs'ku us cuk;k yxkrkj ifjpkyu dk fjdkWMZ
zzdSxk tsujsfVax L‍Vs'ku (Kaiga Generating Station- KGS) dh ;wfuV&1 us 10 fnlacj] 2018 dks 941 fnuksa dk
yxkrkj ifjpkyu ntZ fd;k vkSj blds lkFk gh bl bdkbZ us fczVsu dh gs'kSe&2 (Heysham-2) ;wfuV&8 (610
esxkokV AGR) ds 940 fnuksa ds yxkrkj ifjpkyu dk fjdkWMZ rksM+ fn;kA
zz;g PHWR (Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor) dh ijek.kq fctyh mR‍iknu çkS|ksfxdh esa jk"‍Vª dh fodflr
{kerk dks n'kkZrk gSA
zz;g fM”kkbu] fuekZ.k] lqj{kk] xq.koÙkk vkSj ifjpkyu ,oa j•j•ko dk;ks± esa Hkkjr ds ijek.kq ÅtkZ fuxe (Nuclear
Power Corporation of India-NPCIL) dh mR‍Ñ"‍Vrk dk çek.k gSA
xqtjkr vkSj jktLFkku esa çs'kjkbt~M gSoh okVj fj,DVjksa dk fuekZ.k
zzxqtjkr ds dkdjkikj vkSj jktLFkku esa L‍Fkkfir gksus okys 700 esxkokV {kerk ds çs'kjkb”M gSoh okVj fj,DVjksa dk
fuekZ.k dk;Z çxfr ij gSA
zzxqtjkr ds dkdjkikj ijek.kq fctyh la;a=k ;wfuV&2 (Kakarapar Nuclear Power Station Unit-2) esa uohuhdj.k
,oa vkèkqfudhdj.k dk;ks±] tSls& ,u eSlh dwySaV pSuy fjI‍yslesaV (En Masse Coolant Channel Replacement-
EMCCR) vkSj ,u eSlh iQhMj jhI‍yslesaV (En Masse Feeder Replacement- EMFR) ,oa vU‍; lqj{kk mU‍u;u mik;ksa
ds iwjk gksus ds ckn fuèkkZfjr le; ls lk<+s rhu eghus igys flracj 2018 esa bldk ifjpkyu lqpk: dj fn;k x;kA
iQkL‍V czhMj VsL‍V fj,D‍Vj dk ifjpkyu 'kq:
zziQkL‍V czhMj VsL‍V fj,D‍Vj (Fast Breeder Test Reactor& FBTR) dk ifjpkyu 30 esxkokV {kerk ds lkFk ekpZ
2018 esa 'kq: fd;k x;k tks blds bfrgkl dk ,d çeq• iM+ko gSA blds VckZs tsujsVj dks fxzM ds lkFk flaØksukb”M
fd;k x;k gS tks 6-1 esxkokV fctyh dh vkiwfrZ djrk gSA
vIljk&mUur (APSARA-U)
zzvIljk&mUur (APSARA-U) ,d uohuhÑr L‍ohfeax iwy ds vkdkj dk fj,D‍Vj gS ftldk ifjpkyu flracj 2018
esa VªkWE‍cs esa 'kq: gqvkA
zzbl fj,D‍Vj dks fofHkU‍u rjg ds vkblksVksi ds mR‍iknu ds fy;s fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSA
lkbD‍yksu&30
zzlkbD‍yksu&30 (Cyclone-30) Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k fpfdR‍lk lkbD‍yksVªkWu (Cyclotron) gS tks 30 MeV che fMyhoj
djrk gSA
zz;g lkbD‍yksVªkWu iwjs iwohZ Hkkjr dh jsfM;ks vkblksVksi dh ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus esa leFkZ gSA lkFk gh ;g iwjs ns'k ds
fy;s iSysfM;e 103 (Palladium PD-103) vkSj tjeSfu;e 68 (Germanium-68 or Ge-68) dh ”k:jrksa dks Hkh
iwjk djus esa l{ke gSA
jsfM;ksU‍;wD‍ykbM tsusjsVj dk fodkl
zzdSalj ds funku ,oa mipkj ds fy;s 21 jsfM;ksiQkekZL‍;wfVdY‍l (21 Radiopharmaceuticals) ds lkFk lL‍rh ,oa çHkkoh
nokvksa dk fodkl vkSj nks jsfM;ksU‍;wD‍ykbM tsujsVj (Radionuclide Generators) fodflr fd;s x, gSaA
275
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
egÙoiw.kZ le>kSrs
varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dks csgrj cukus ds Øe esa dqN u, le>kSrksa ij gL‍rk{kj fd;s x, tks bl çdkj gSa&
Hkkjr&vesfjdk
zzU‍;wfVªuks HkkSfrdh (Neutrino Physics) ds {ks=k esa DAE us vesfjdk ds iQfeZySc (Fermilab) ds lkFk varj&ljdkjh
le>kSrs ij gL‍rk{kj fd;sA
zzvçSy 2018 esa vesfjdh lsØsVjh vkWiQ ,uthZ ds Hkkjr nkSjs ds nkSjku bl le>kSrs ij gL‍rk{kj fd;s x,A
Hkkjr&Úk¡l
zzegkjk"Vª ds tSrkiqj esa yxHkx 10]000 esxkokV dh dqy {kerk okys Ng ijek.kq ÅtkZ fj,DVj L‍Fkkfir djus ds
fy;s ekpZ 2018 esa Hkkjr ds NPCIL vkSj Úk¡l ds EDF (Électricité de France) ds chp baMfLVª;y os iQkWjokMZ
,xzhesaV (Industrial Way Forward Agreement) ij gL‍rk{kj fd;s x,A
zzbu ijek.kq ÅtkZ fj,DVjksa esa EPR çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA boksY;w'kujh çs'kjkb”M fj,DVj (Evolutionary
Pressurized Reactors- EPRs) fodkloknh fj,DVj gSa] budk fodkl ^dksaoksb* (KONVOI) vkSj ^,u 4* (N4)
fj,DVjksa tks Øe'k% teZuh vkSj Úk¡l esa yxHkx nks n'kdksa rd py jgs gSa] ls gqvk gSA
Hkkjr&dukMk
zziQjojh 2018 esa Hkkjr ds ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx vkSj dukMk ds fMikVZesaV vkWiQ uSpqjy fjlkslZs”k (Department of
Natural Resources) ds chp ijek.kq foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh vkSj uokpkj ij ,d le>kSrs ij gL‍rk{kj fd;s x,A
Hkkjr&fo;ruke
zzekpZ 2018 esa fo;ruke ijek.kq ÅtkZ laLFkku] ohukVkse (Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute- VINATOM) ds
lkFk çf'k{k.k ,oa {kerk fuekZ.k ds {ks=k esa ,d le>kSrk Kkiu (MoU) ij gL‍rk{kj fd;s x,A
Hkkjr ,oa jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk (Hkkx&1)

vè;k;&1
^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk % lkekU; ifjp; * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,¡

zzmHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh izfr O;fDr vk; vfèkdrj vkSlr ls de gksrh gS ijarq ;s ns'k blesa o`f¼ ds fy;s iz;kljr
gksrs gSaA
zzvkfFkZd lao`f¼ nj fodkl'khy ns'kkas dh rqyuk esa vfèkd ijarq fodflr jk"Vªksa dh vis{kk de gksrh gS ysfdu mHkjrs
jk"Vªksa ds jktuhfrK rFkk vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa ds ekè;e ls lao`f¼ dh mPp nj dh rRijrk cuh jgrh gS] mnkgj.kLo:i
o"kZ 2017 esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] teZuh rFkk ;wds esa vkfFkZd lao`f¼ nj yxHkx 3 izfr'kr Fkh] ijarq mHkjrh
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa& rqdhZ] phu rFkk Hkkjr esa ;g 7 izfr'kr jghA
zzizkÑfrd vkink] varjkZ"Vªh; dherksa esa mrkj&p<+ko rFkk ?kjsyw uhfr tSls vpkud ifjorZu bu ns'kksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr
esa cnyko ykrs gSaA
zzvkfFkZd lao`f¼ nj esa o`f¼ ds fy;s fuos'k iwath dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ijarq ;gk¡ dk iwath ck”kkj fodflr ns'kksa
dh rqyuk esa de ifjiDo gksrk gSA
276
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fo'o cSad ds vuqlkj fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk dks fuEufyf[kr 4 Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gS&
zzfuEu vk; okys ns'k& os ns'k ftudh izfr O;fDr ldy jk"Vªh; vk; (GNI) 1045 MkWyj ls de gksA tSls& lsusxyA
zzfuEu eè;e vk; okys ns'k& os ns'k ftudh izfr O;fDr ldy jk"Vªh; vk; 1046 MkWyj ls 4125 MkWyj ds chp
gksaA ftlesa 'kkfey gSa& Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k vkSj JhyadkA
zzmPp eè;e vk; okys ns'k& os ns'k ftudh izfr O;fDr ldy jk"Vªh; vk; 4126 ls 12735 MkWyj ds eè; gksA bl
vFkZO;oLFkk okys ns'k esa phu] czkthy] eSfDldks tSls ns'k 'kkfey gSaA
zzmPp vk; okys vFkZO;oLFkk& os ns'k ftudh izfr O;fDr ldy jk"Vªh; vk; 12736 MkWyj ls mij gksA tSls& ukosZ]
LohVtjySaM vkfnA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk % izÑfr ,oa orZeku izo`fÙk;k¡

(Indian Economy : Nature and Current Trends)
izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk mUur voLFkk esa Fkh rFkk blosQ O;kikfjd lacaèk fofHkUu ns'kksa ls FksA 18oha
lnh esa vkSifuosf'kd ;qx ds nkSjku fczfV'k O;kikjh Hkkjr ls dPpk eky [kjhndj fczVsu Hkstrs Fks rFkk ogk¡ dh fufeZr
oLrqvksa dks Hkkjrh; ck”kkjksa esa lkekU; ewY; ls ”;knk ij csprs FksA bl nkSjku vR;fèkd ek=kk esa iwath dk iyk;u gqvk
vkSj ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ttZj voLFkk esa igq¡p xbZA o"kZ 1947 ds ckn Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ iqufuZekZ.k dh izfØ;k
izkjaHk gqbZA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh izÑfr (Nature of Indian economy)

Hkkjr ,d Ñf"k&izèkku ns'k gS tgk¡ dh vfèkdka'k tula[;k Ñf"k ij vkfJr gSA Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkoZtfud
,oa futh nksuksa {ks=kksa dh Hkwfedk gS] blfy;s bls fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ds ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn (th-Mh-ih-) esa tSls&tSls Ñf"k {ks=k dh fgLlsnkjh esa deh vk jgh gS] oSls&oSls lsok {ks=k esa c<+ksrjh gks jgh gS]
;g ,d fodkl'khy ns'k dk y{k.k gSA Hkkjr esa xjhch ,oa csjks”kxkjh dh leL;k cuh gqbZ gS] blfy;s ljdkj }kjk
dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls lkekftd fodkl lqfuf'pr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr ,d fodkl'khy ns'k gS tgk¡ cpr ,oa iwath fuekZ.k nj esa o`f¼] vkèkkjHkwr m|ksxksa dk fodkl] cSafdax ,oa
foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ds fodkl esa o`f¼ dh laHkkouk,¡ ges'kk cuh jgrh gSa] ijarq vHkh Hkh vk; forj.k esa vlekurk] fuEu
izfr O;fDr vk;] Ñf"k ij fuHkZjrk] O;kid fuèkZurk] vkS|ksxhdj.k dk fuEu Lrj] vlarqfyr vkfFkZd fodkl] iwath dh
deh] thou fuokZg dk fuEu Lrj rFkk O;kid csjks”kxkjh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh pqukSfr;k¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA
oLrqr% Hkkjr ,d fodkl'khy ns'k gS tgk¡ rhoz fodkl dh xqatkb'k ges'kk cuh jgrh gSA ljdkj }kjk dY;k.kdkjh
;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls fuèkZu yksxksa ds thou Lrj esa lqèkkj ykus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS] ftlesa dkiQh gn rd liQyrk
Hkh feyh gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh orZeku izo`fÙk;k¡ (Current trends of the Indian economy)

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk y{k.k fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk gSA ;gk¡ Ñf"k {ks=k ij vkRefuHkZjrk ”;knk gksus ds dkj.k o`gn~
m|ksxksa dk fodkl cgqr de gks ik;k gSA c<+rh tula[;k ds dkj.k ;gk¡ Je dh vfèkdrk gS ysfdu dq'ky Je dh
deh gS] izfr O;fDr vk; Hkh de gS] ftlls xjhch ,oa csjks”kxkjh esa o`f¼ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ”;knkrj m|ksxksa
dh fLFkfr n;uh; gSA orZeku esa lsok {ks=k esa vHkwriwoZ o`f¼ gqbZ gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh orZeku izo`fÙk;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,d fuEu eè;e vk; okyh (2017 esa th-,u-vkbZ Hkkjr dh 1830 MkWyj Fkh tcfd 2018 esa
c<+dj 2020 MkWyj Fkh) ns'k gSA
zzHkkjr ,d fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk Lo:i dk lektoknh izdkj dh vFkZO;oLFkk gSA

277
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zzHkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh vkSlr o`f¼ nj 2019&20 esa 5 izfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku gSA
zzfo'o cSad ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ubZ iQeks± ds fuekZ.k ds ekeys esa rhljs LFkku ij gSA
zzHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk dqy vkdkj 3.2 fVªfy;u MkWyj gS vkSj ;g fo'o dh ikapoh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gSA
zzÑf"k {ks=k esa o`f¼ gsrq dbZ Økafr;ksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k gS vkSj bldks vkSj foLrkj o lrrk f}rh; gfjr Økafr
dh ladYiuk }kjk iznku fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzHkkjr esa vkfFkZd o lekos'kh fodkl gsrq iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gkyk¡fd orZeku esa ,d nh?kZdkfyd
;kstuk dks vkèkkj cuk;k tk jgk gSA
zzHkkjr esa vlaxfBr {ks=k o vdq'ky Jfedksa dh la[;k T;knk gSA
zzHkkjr ds ikl 500 fcfy;u MkWyj ls T;knk dh fons'kh dks"k lajf{kr gSA
mi;qZDr fcanqvksa ds vykok ifjogu {ks=k] ÅtkZ {ks=k] f'k{kk {ks=k esa lqèkkj dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA fodkl dk;Z esa
fo'ofo|ky;ksa ,oa 'kksèk dsanzksa dk lg;ksx fy;k tk jgk gSA lkFk gh fodkl dk;ks± esa jkT;ksa dh Hkwfedk dks dsanz esa j[kk
tk jgk gSA Hkkjr dks fofuekZ.k dk gc cukus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA blds fy;s jftLVªs'ku izfØ;k dks vklku fd;k
x;k gSA dj&iz.kkyh dks lqxe cukus ds fy;s o"kZ 2017 esa oLrq ,oa lsok dj ykxw dj fn;k x;k gSA
vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa vkfFkZd lao`f¼

(Economic Development and Economic Growth)
la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (UNDP) Åij crk, x, rhu ekudksa ds vkèkkj ij vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dks ,d Ldsy
(;kuh 0.000–1.000) ds chp muds izn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij LFkku nsrk gSA bu miyfCèk;ksa ds vkèkkj ij ns'kksa dks eq[;
rkSj ij pkj Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds fy;s lwpdkad esa vadksa dh Jsf.k;k¡ cuh gksrh gSa&
zzvfr mPp ekuo fodkl okys ns'k& 0.800 ls vfèkd zzeè;e ekuo fodkl okys ns'k& 0.550 ls 0.699 rd
zzmPp ekuo fodkl okys ns'k& 0.700 ls 0.799 rd zzfuEu ekuo fodkl okys ns'k& 0.550 ls uhps
ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ 2019 esa 189 ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA bu 189 ns'kksa dh lwph esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 129 jgk
vkSj bldk ,p-Mh-vkbZ- ewY; 0.647 jgk tks nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds vkSlr Lrj 0.638 ls FkksM+k vfèkd gSA bl fjiksVZ ds
egÙoiw.kZ rF; fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zz'kh"kZ ij ukosZ] fLoVtjySaM] vkWLVªsfy;k] vk;jySaM vkSj teZuh gSaA
zzlcls fupys ik;nku ij Øe'k% ukbtj] nf{k.k vizQhdh x.kjkT; gSaA
zzHkkjr ds iM+kslh ns'kksa esa ckaXykns'k 135, ikfdLrku 152, Jhyadk 71, phu 85, usiky 147, jSad ij gSaA
zzHkkjr dh jSad 129 gS tcfd dqy HDI ewY; 0.647 gSA
zzHkkjr esa tUe ds le; thou izR;k'kk tks lrr fodkl y{; 3 ls lacafèkr gS og 69.4 o"kZ gSA
zzHkkjr dh vuqekfurk@visf{kr vkSlr Ldwyh le;kofèk (,l-Mh-th- 4.3) 12.3 o"kZ gSA tcfd Ldwy esa fcrk;h x;h
le;ofèk 6.5 o"kZ vkdfyr dh x;h gSA
zzHkkjr dh izfr O;fDRk ldy jk"Vªh; vk; Ø;'kfDr {kerk ds vkèkkj ij (,l-Mh-th- 8.5 esa 'kkfey) 6829 MkWyj
ekuh x;h gSA
zz1990 dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr ds ,p-Mh- vkbZ esa 50 izfr'kr rd c<+ksÙkjh gq;h gSA
zzfo'o Hkj esa lewgxr fo"kerk,¡ fo|eku gSa tks fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa dks T;knk izHkkfor djrh gSA
zznf{k.k ,f'k;k {ks=k esa lokZfèkd froz lqèkkj ekuo fodkl lwpdkad esa ntZ fd;k x;k gSA

278
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
oSf'od ifjn`'; esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk
(Role of India in World Scenerio)
vktknh ds ckn Hkkjr vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lSU; :i ls fiNM+k gqvk jk"Vª Fkk ysfdu dkykarj esa Hkkjr us Lo;a
dks etcwrh ls oSf'od ifjn`'; esa ykdj •M+k dj fn;k gSA Hkkjr dh oSf'od ifjn`'; esa Hkwfedk dks fuEufyf•r fcanqvksa
ds rgr ns•k tk ldrk gS&
zzHkkjr fo'o dh nl 'kh"kZ vFkZO;oLFkk esa 'kkfey gSA fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ (flracj) ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dh thMhih
2-7 vjc MkWyj gS vkSj ;g lkrosa uacj ij gSA
zzHkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk ihihih (Ø; 'kfDr {kerk) ds vkèkkj ij fo'o dh rhljh lcls cM+h (10-5 fcfy;u MkWyj)
vFkZO;oLFkk gSA
zzHkkjr lsokvksa ds fu;kZr esa fo'o dh 'kh"kZ 88 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa 7oka LFkku j•rk gS tcfd dqy fu;kZr esa 16oka
LFkku j•rk gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o dh dqy Hkwfe dk 2-4 çfr'kr gksus ds ckotwn fo'o dh 8 çfr'kr ck;ksMkboflZVh dk laj{k.k djrk gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o esa nkyksa vkSj nwèk dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gS rFkk pkoy] xsgw¡] phuh] dikl] iQy] lCth dk nqljk lcls
cM+k mRiknd gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o dk nqljk lcls vfèkd tula[;k okyk rFkk lokZfèkd ;qok vkcknh okyk ns'k gSA fo'o dh dbZ 'kh"kZ
daifu;ksa dk usr`Ro Hkkjrh; ;qok dj jgs gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o dk rhljk lokZfèkd ÅtkZ •ir okyk ns'k gSA
zzoSf'od ifjn`'; esa Hkkjr lnSo 'kkafr] fLFkjrk vkSj fodkl dk i{kèkj jgk gS vkSj blds fy;s ç;kljr jgrk gS ftls
la;qDr jk"Vª fe'ku esa Hkkjr }kjk lokZfèkd ;ksxnku nsus tSlh xfrfofèk;ksa ds :i esa ns•k tk ldrk gSA
fu"d"kZr% ;g Li"V gS fd Hkkjr ÅtkZ] Ñf"k] vkfFkZd] lSU;] j.kuhfrd vkSj jktuhfrd :i ls l'kDr gS vkSj
oSf'od Hkwfedk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gS ysfdu fuEu çfrO;fDr vk; dk Lrj] fiNM+h volajpuk] thou
dh xq.koÙkk dk fuEu Lrj Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd {kerk dks de djrs gSaA vr% vko';d gS fd bu leL;kvksa dk lekèkku
fd;k tk, rkfd iw.kZ {kerk dk çHkkoiw.kZ mi;ksx gks ldsA
egÙoiw.kZ lwpdkad ,oa Hkkjr dk LFkku (Important Index and Rank of India)
Øe tkjhdÙkkZ izFke Hkkjr dk dqy
lwpdkad egÙoiw.kZ rF;
la[;k laLFkku@laxBu LFkku@jSad LFkku@jSad ns'k
zzoSf'od] {ks=kh; ,oa fofHkUu ns'kksa
ds Lrj ij Hkw[k dk ewY;kadu
*1 csyk:l djukA
daluZ (lfgr zzXykscy gaxj fjiksVZ] 2019 dk
oSf'od Hkw[k eq[; fo"k; ¶The Challenge
oYMZokbM ,oa vU; 16
1. lwpdkad] 102 117 of Hunger and Climate
osYV gaxj ns'k) Change¸ gSA
2019
fgYiQ (dqy 17 zz;g vYiiks"k.k] cky e`R;q nj]
ns'k) yackbZ ds vuqikr eas de o”ku
,oa vk;q ds vuqikr esa de yackbZ
tSls pkj ?kVdksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA

279
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvkfFkZd fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk
lkekftd lkekftd fodkl dk ekiu
lks'ky djukA
izxfr
2. ukWosZ 102 149 zzlkekftd izxfr lwpdkad rhu
lwpdkad] izksxszl baisjsfVo vk;keksa& ekuo dh cqfu;knh
2019 vko';drk,¡] lq[k ds vkèkkj ,oa
volj ij vkèkkfjr gSA
zzlexz ekuo fodkl dk vè;;u
ekuo fodkl la;qDr djus ds fy;s rhu ew y Hkw r
3. lwpdkad] jk"Vª fodkl ukWosZ 129 189 vk;keks&a yack ,oa LoLFk thou]
2019 dk;ZØe Kku dh miyfCèk ,oa ,d vPNk
thou Lrj dk vè;;u djukA
zzfo'o ds fofHkUu ns ' kks a ea s
la;qDr jk"Vª cgqvk;keh xjhch dk vè;;u
fodkl djukA
zzblds rhu ize[q k vk;ke&LokLF;]
*2 oSf'od dk;ZØe ,oa
f'k{kk ,oa thou fuokZg Lrj gSA
cgqvk;keh vkWDliQksMZ bu vk;keksa dks vU; lwpdksa eas
4. xjhch xjhch ,oa — — 101
Hkh ck¡Vk x;k gSA
lwpdkad] ekuo fodkl zzbl fjiks V Z dk eq [ ; 'kh"kZ d
2019 igy] “Illuminating Inequalities” gSA
vkWDliQksMZ zzHkkjr dks eè; vk; okys ns'kksa
fo'ofo|ky; (Middle Income Countries) esa
j[kk x;k gSA
zzbl lwpdkad dks fo'o fodkl
fjiksVZ] 2019 ds ,d Hkkx ds :i
eas tkjh fd;k x;k gSA
ekuo iwath zzfo'o fodkl fjiksVZ] 2019 dh
5. lwpdkad] fo'o cSad flaxkiqj 115 157 Fkhe ^dk;Z ds cnyrs Lo:i*
2018 gSA
zzekuo lalkèku@ekuo iwath dk
fodkl djuk ,oa mRikndrk esa
o`f¼ djukA
zzbl lwpdkad dk eq[; mn~n's ;
la;qDr jk"Vª ds lrr~ fodkl ds y{;ksa dh izxfr
lrr~ fodkl lrr~ fodkl ij u”kj j[kuk vkSj tokcnsgh
6. y{; lwpdkad] lekèkku usVodZ MsuekdZ 115 162 lqfuf'pr djuk gSA
2019 vkSj cVZYleSu zzizR;sd ns'k dh jSafdax 17 oSf'od
fLViQVax y{;ksa dks ysdj muds izn'kZu ij
vkèkkfjr gSA
280
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzoSf'od 'kkafr lwpdkad] 2019
dk dsanzh; fo"k; ‘Measuring
Peace in a Complex
oSf'od 'kkafr baLVhV~;wV iQkWj World’ gSA
7. lwpdkad] b d k s u k W f e D l vkblySaM 141 163 zzoSf'od 'kkafr lwpdkad eas 23
2019 ,aM ihl xq.kkRed ,oa ek=kkRed ladsrdksa
ds vkèkkj ij fo'o ds ns'kksa esa
'kkafr ds Lrj dk vkdyu fd;k
tkrk gSA
z zb l lwpdkad dk eq[;
mn~ n s ' ; fo'o ea s [kq ' kgkyh
ds Lrj dk ekiu djuk rFkk
fofHkUu ns ' kks a dh yks d uhfr
dk iFk&iz n 'kZ u djuk gS A
la;qDr jk"Vª
fo'o z zblds va r xZ r [kq ' kgkyh dk
lrr~ fodkl
8. [kq'kgkyh fiQuySaM 144 156 ekiu 6 dkjdks a & lkekftd
lekèkku
fjiksVZ] 2020 lg;ks x ] LoLFk thou iz R ;k'kk]
usVodZ
mnkjrk] Ø; 'kfDr rq Y ;rk ds
vkèkkj ij iz f rO;fDr ldy
?kjs y w mRikn] yks d fo'okl]
thou fodYiks a ds p;u dh
Lora = krk ij fd;k tkrk gS A
zzblds rgr LokLF;] f'k{kk]
vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj jktuhfr ds
{ks=k esa efgyk ,oa iq#"k ds
chp HksnHkko feVkus esa feyh
liQyrk dk vkdyu fd;k
oSf'od ySafxd tkrk gSA
fo'o vkfFkZd
9. varjky fjiksVZ] vkblySaM 112 153 zzbl lw p dka d es a jktuhfrd
eap
2020 l'kDrhdj.k] 'kS{kf.kd
miyfCèk;k¡] vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh
,oa volj] LokLF; ,oa
mÙkjthfork ds vkèkkj ij
efgykvks a dh fLFkfr dk
vkdyu fd;k tkrk gSA

281
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl lwpdkad dk eq[; mn~ns';
fo'o eas gksus okyh le`f¼ ds
Lrj dk vè;;u djuk gSA
zzys x kVe le` f ¼ lw p dka d 9
ysxkVe le`f¼
?kVdksa& vFkZO;oLFkk dh xq.koÙkk]
10. lwpdkad] ysxkVe laLFkku MsuekdZ 101 167
O;kolkf;d okrkoj.k] iz'kklu]
2019
iz k Ñfrd okrkoj.k] f'k{kk]
LokLF;] lq j {kk] O;fDrxr
Lora=krk] lkekftd iwath ds
vkèkkj ij tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA
zzfo'o cSad lewg dh ^Doing
Business 2020 –
Sustaining the Pace of
Reforms* fjiksVZ ds 'kh"kZd
‘Comparing Business
Regulation in 190
Economics’ esa dkjksckj
dkjksckj
lqxerk lwpdkad] 2020 tkjh
11.
lqxerk 63 190
fo'o cSad U;w”khySaM fd;k x;kA
lwpdkad]
2020 zzMwbax fc”kusl fjiksVZ O;olk;@
dkjksckj ls lacafèkr 11 iSjkehVlZ
ds vkèkkj ij rS;kj dh tkrh gSA
zzbldk eq[; mn~ns'; fo'o ds
fofHkUu ns'kksa eas O;kikj djus
lacaèkh okrkoj.k dk vè;;u
djuk gSA
zzbl fjiksVZ dk 'kh"kZd ‘‘Creating
Healthy lives-The future
Xykscy of Medical Innovation’’ gSA
fo'o ckSf¼d
12. buksos'ku fLoV~”kjySaM 52 129 zzbldh lgk;rk ls fo'o ds fofHkUu
laink laxBu ns'kksa eas uoksUes"k ds orZeku Lrj ,oa
baMsDl] 2019
vko';drk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
feyrh gSA
zzbldh lgk;rk ls lef"V vkSj
O;f"V Lrj ij fdlh ns'k dh
oSf'od oYMZ iz f rLièkkZ R ed fLFkfr ,oa
13. izfrLièkkZ bdksukWfed flaxkiqj 68 141 mRikndrk dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k
lwpdkad 4.0] iQksje tk ldrk gSA
2019
zzoSf'od izfrLièkkZ lwpdkad 12
ladsrdkas ij vkèkkfjr gSA
282
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz;g nqfu;k ds ns'kksa esa ljdkj ds
dukMkbZ fFkad dkuwu O;oLFkk o liafÙk dk
VSad izsQ”kj vfèkdkj] vkdkj] eq n z k dh
oSf'od bafLVV~;wV vkSj lqxerk] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh
vkfFkZd Hkkjrh; fFkad vk”kknh vkSj fu;eu tSls ik¡p
14. Lora=krk gkWUxdkWUx 79 162
VSad ^lsaVj {ks=kksa ds ,d=k fd;s x, vk¡dM+ksa
lwpdkad] iQkWj flfoy ds vkèkkj ij tkjh fd;k tkrk
2019
lkslkbVh* }kjk gSA
la;qDr :i ls zzbl lwpdkad esa osustq,yk lcls
fuEu LFkku (162ok¡) ij gSA
uksV%
* : csyk:l (lfgr vU; 16 ns'kksa esa cqYxkfj;k] cksfLu;k vkSj gtsZxksfouk] fpyh] dksLVkfjdk] Øks,f'k;k] D;wck]
1
,LVksfu;k] dqoSr] ykrfo;k] fyFkqvkfu;k] eksaVsusxzkas] jksekfu;k] Lyksokd x.kjkT;] rqdhZ] ;wØsu] m#Xos 'kkfey gSaA)
2
* : blds varxZr fofHkUu ns'kksa esa cgqvk;keh :i eas xjhc yksxksa dh la[;k ,oa izfr'kr ek=kk Kkr dh tkrh gSA
vè;k;&2
^jk"Vªh; vk; * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
ldy ewY;o¼Zu ,oa th-Mh-ih esa o`f¼ nj (fLFkj dherksa ij) (izfr'kr esa)
o"kZ {ks=k
Ñf"k] okfudh fofuekZ.k] O;kikj] foÙk chek] lkewfgd] fLFkj ewY;
,oa eRL;u] fuekZ.k] gksVy] O;kolkf;d lekftd ,oa ij
[kuu] fo|qr xSl VªkaliksVZ] lsok O;fDrxr ldy
mR[kuu tykiwfrZ nwjlapkj lsok ewY;o¼Zu
2012–13 1.4 3.6 9.8 9.7 4.3 5.4
2013–14 4.8 4.2 6.5 11.2 3.8 6.1
2014–15 1.2 6.7 9.4 11.0 8.3 7.2
2015–16 2.1 9.5 10.2 10.7 6.1 7.2
2016–17 6.8 7.5 7.7 8.7 9.2 8.0
2017–18 5.0 6.0 7.8 6.2 11.9 7.9
2018–19 2.7 7.5 6.9 7.4 8.6 6.6
2019–20 2.6 2.6 5.9 6.4 9.1 4.9
jk"Vªh; vk; dks ekius dh fofèk ,oa vkèkkj o"kZ esa fd;s x, ifjorZu
zzdsanzh;lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; us tuojh 2015 esa jk"Vªh; vk; dks ekius ds fy;s vkèkkj o"kZ 2004–05 dks la'kksfèkr
dj 2011–12 dj fn;k gSA
zzvc vk£Fkd lao`f¼ ;k fodkl dks fLFkj ck”kkj ewY;ksa ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds }kjk ekik tk,xkA ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn dh x.kuk ds fy;s {ks=kokj ldy ewY;o¼Zu ds vuqeku ds fy;s lkèku ykxr ds ctk; ewy dherksa dks iz;ksx
esa yk;k tk,xkA
283
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
uksV% Lora=k Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dk lcls igyk ljdkjh vuqeku 1948&49 esa okf.kT; ea=kky; }kjk fn;k x;kA
1949 esa izks- ih-lh- egkyuksfcl dh vè;{krk esa jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;kA bl lfefr us vizSy 1951
esa foÙkh; o"kZ 1948&49 ds fy;s ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk; ` 8,710 djksM+ rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; ` 225 crkbZA orZeku esa
jk"Vªh; vk; lacafèkr vk¡dM+s dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; }kjk ladfyr ,oa tkjh fd;s tkrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk (Calculation of National Income in India)

Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dk vuqeku loZizFke nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth us o"kZ 1868 esa viuh iqLrd ikWoVhZ ,aM vufczfV'k
:y bu bafM;k (Poverty and Un-British rule in India) esa yxk;kA xkSjryc gS fd oSKkfud fofèk ls jk"Vªh; vk;
dh x.kuk ds fy;s o"kZ 1931–32 esa oh-osQ-vkj-oh- jko us mRIkknu iz.kkyh dks vkèkkj cuk;kA
jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk (Calculation of national income)
Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk fuEufyf[kr ewY;ksa ij dh tkrh gS&
zzpkyw dherksa ij jk"Vªh; vk; zzfLFkj dherksa ij jk"Vªh; vk;
pkyw dherksa ij jk"Vªh; vk; (National income at current price)

fdlh Hkh ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa }kjk ,d o"kZ esa mRikfnr vafre oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ pkyw ewY;ksa dk ;ksx ekSfnzd
jk"Vªh; vk; ;k pkyw dherksa ij jk"Vªh; vk; dgykrh gSA
o"kZ ldy jk"Vªh; vk; (GNI) fuoy jk"Vªh; vk; (NNI) izfrO;fDr fuoy jk"Vªh;
(` djksM+) (` djksM+) vk; (` djksM+)
orZeku ewY; fLFkj ewY; orZeku ewY; fLFkj ewY; orZeku ewY; fLFkj ewY;
ij ij ij ij ij ij
2011–12 8659505 8659505 7742330 7742330 63462 63462
2015–16 13612095 11234571 12162398 9963681 94797 77657
2017–18 16910192 13034121 15128474 11531159 114958 87623
2018–19 18816538 13932287 16837219 12329646 126406 92565
2019–20 20239374 14630421 18110180 12949125 135050 96563
izFke iwoZ vuqeku
osaQæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;] jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy;

(Central Statistics Office, National Sample Survey Office)
osaQæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (Central statistics office–CSO)

osaQæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; dh LFkkiuk 2 ebZ] 1951 dks dh xbZA bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA jk"Vªh; vk;
dh x.kuk dsaæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; }kjk dh tkrh gSA blds }kjk jk"Vªh; vk; laacaèkh vk¡dM+s izpfyr ewY;ksa rFkk fLFkj
vkèkkj ij o"kZ ewY;ksa ij tkjh fd;s tkrs gaSA dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; dks orZeku esa jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (NSO)
esa foy; dj fn;k x;k gSA
jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (National sample survey office–NSSO)

ih-lh- egkyuksfcl dh vè;{krk esa jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr dh vuq'kalk ij Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk o"kZ 1950 esa jk"Vªh;
izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ckn esa jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k funs'kky; dks ekpZ 1970 dh ljdkjh ?kks"k.kk osQ
vuqlkj 1971 esa jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; esa iquxZfBr dj fn;k x;kA
284
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lh- jaxjktu lfefr }kjk o"kZ 2000 esa fn;s x, lq>ko osQ vkèkkj ij 1 twu] 2005 dks LFkk;h lkaf[;dh vk;ksx
xfBr fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) dk dk;Z
lekIr gks x;kA bldk eq[;ky; igys dksydkrk esa FkkA
jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (NSO)
zz ;g lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;ZØe fØ;kUo;u ea=kky; (Ministry of Statistics and Programme implementation) ds
varxZr vkrk gSA orZeku esa] dsafnz; lkaf[;dh dk;kZyki (CSO) ,oa jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) dks Hkh
jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; esa lekfgr dj fn;k x;k gSA
jk"Vªh; lakf[;dh dk;kZy; ds pkj izHkkx (Division) gS&
zzlosZ{k.k fMtkbu vkSj vuqlaèkku izHkko (Survey Desgin & Research Discision): bldk eq[;ky; dksydkrk esa gSA
;g fMtkbu lkj.kh;u ;kstuk fo'ys"k.k vkSj losZ{k.k ifj.kkeksa dh izLrqfr ds fy;s ftEesnkj gSA
zzfiQYM vkWijs'ku fMfotu (Field Operations Division): bldk eq[;ky; iQjhnkckn esa gSA ;g vk¡dM+ksa dk laxzg
djrk gSA
zzMsVk izkslsflax fMfotu (Data Processing Division) bldk eq[;ky; dksydkrk esa gSA ;g MsVk p;u] izlaLdj.k
lR;kiu vkfn dk;Z djrk gSA
zzlosZ{k.k leUo; izHkkx (Survey Coordination Division) bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA ;g losZ{k.k uked
f}okf"kZd if=kdk fudkyrk gSA
vè;k;&3
^Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
uhfr vk;ksx dh lajpuk

zzuhfr vk;ksx dk insu vè;{k Hkkjr dk izèkkuea=kh gksrk gSA
zzxofu±x dkmafly esa lHkh jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh vkSj la?k jkT;{ks=kksa ds mijkT;iky 'kkfey gksaxsA
zzfof'k"V eqn~nksa vkSj ,sls vkdfLed ekeys] ftudk lacaèk ,d ls vfèkd jkT;ksa ;k {ks=kksa ls gksa] dks ns[kus ds fy;s
{ks=kh; ifj"knsa xfBr dh tk,axhA ;s ifj"knsa fof'k"V dk;Zdky ds fy;s cukbZ tk,axhA Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=kh ds funsZ'k ij
{ks=kh; ifj"knksa dh cSBosaQ gksaxh vkSj buesa lacafèkr {ks=k ds jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh vkSj la?k jkT;{ks=kksa ds mijkT;iky 'kkfey
gksaxsA budh vè;{krk uhfr vk;ksx ds vè;{k ;k muds ukefunsZf'krh (Nominee) djsaxsA
zzlacafèkr dk;Z{ks=k dh tkudkjh j[kus okys fo'ks"kK vkSj dk;Zjr yksx] fo'ks"k vkeaf=kr ds :i esa izèkkuea=kh }kjk ukfer
fd;s tk,axsA
zzlfpoky; dk xBu vko';drk ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xkA
uhfr vk;ksx dk iw.kZdkfyd laxBukRed Lo:i

zzvè;{k& izèkkuea=kh
zzxofuZx dkmafly& jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh] la?k jkT; {ks=kksa ds mijkT;iky ,oa iz'kkld
zzmikè;{k& Mk- jktho dqekj
zzeq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh (CEO) – vferkHk dkar
zzinsu lnL;& jktukFk flag (j{kk ea=kh)] vfer 'kkg (x`g ea=kh) fueZyk lhrkjeu (foÙk ea=kh)] ujsanz flag rksej
(Ñf"k] iapk;rh jkt ea=kh)A
uksV% insu lnL;ksa dk p;u izèkkuea=kh }kjk ea=khifj"kn~ esa ls (4 lnL;ksa dk) fd;k tkrk gSA
285
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zziw.kZdkfyd lnL;&izksisQlj jes'kpanz] oh-ds- lkjLor] Mk- oh- ds- ikWyA
zzfo'ks"k vkeaf=kr ln~L;& fufru t;jke xMdjh] Fkkoj panz xgyksr] ih;w"k xks;y] jko banzthr flag
uksV% va'kdkfyd lnL; % vxz.kh fo'ofo|ky;] 'kksèk laLFkkuksa vkSj lacafèkr laLFkkuksa ls vfèkdre 2 insu lnL;
va'kdkfyd lnL; ds :i esa gksaxsA
;kstuk vk;ksx ,oa uhfr vk;ksx esa varj

(Difference between planning commission and NITI Aayog)
;kstuk vk;ksx (1950 ls 2014 rd) uhfr vk;ksx (2015 ls çkjaHk)

Hkkjr esa vk£Fkd fu;kstu ds mn~ns'; ls iapo"khZ; Hkkjr esa vk£Fkd fu;kstu ds mn~ns'; ls uhfr vk;ksx }kjk
;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa fØ;kUo;u lqfuf'pr djukA ianzg o"khZ; fo”ku] lkr o"kks± ds fy;s j.kuhfr vkSj rhu o"kks±
ds fy;s ,D'ku ,tsaMs dk fuekZ.k djukA
;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k esa osaQæ ljdkj dh çeq[k HkwfedkA ;kstukvksa osQ fuekZ.k esa osaQæ ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dh
lgHkkfxrkA
jkT;ksa ,oa osaQæ'kkflr çns'kkas dks jkT; ;kstukvksa ds fy;s jkT;ksa ,oa osaQæ'kkflr çns'kksa ds lkFk lgdkjh la?kokn dks
iwath dk vkoaVu djukA c<+kok nsukA
;kstuk vk;ksx dh çÑfr çk;% osaQæhÑr FkhA ;kstuk uhfr vk;ksx dh çÑfr çk;% foosaQæhÑr gSA uhfr vk;ksx esa
vk;ksx lfgr osaQæ ljdkj uhfr fuekZ.k ,oa fØ;kUo;u dasnz ljdkj ,oa lHkh jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa uhfr fuekZ.k ,oa
esa çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkkrh FkhA fØ;kUo;u esa fgLlk ysrh gSaA
;kstuk vk;ksx esa ;kstukvksa ,oa uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k esa uhfr vk;ksx esa ;kstukvksa ,oa uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k esa
fdlh çdkj ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa ,oa 'kksèk laLFkkuksa ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa ,oa 'kksèk laLFkkuksa ds fo'ks"kKksa dks Hkh 'kkfey
çfrfufèk;ksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA fd;k tk,xkA
uhfr vk;ksx dk rhu o"khZ; ,D'ku ,tsaMk 2019–22 [ u, Hkkjr gsrq j.kuhfr @75]
(Niti Aayog’s three years action agenda, 2019–22) [Strategy for New India @75]
zzWe believe that Economic Transformation can’t happen without public participation. Development must
become a Jan Andolan izèkkuea=kh HkkjrA
zzigys ls dh xbZ izxfr dks Lohdkjrs gq, vkSj ckè;dkjh ckèkkvksa dh igpku djrs gq, 41 egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa ds foLr`r
fooj.k esa 2022&23 ds fy;s Li"V mn~ns';ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS vkSj bu ?kksf"kr mn~n';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy;s
Hkkoh jkg lq>kbZ xbZ gSA
zz2022 esa Hkkjr dh Lora=krk dh IysfVue t;arh (75 o"kZ) gksxhA
zzblesa rhu eq[; è;s; (eSlst) gSa&
tu vkanksyu ds }kjk fodkl djukA
jkT;ksa] jkT;ksa ds vanj] lHkh {ks=kksa ,oa {ks=kd esa larqfyr fodkl djukA
futh ,oa lkoZtfud {ks=kd ds izn'kZuksa ds varj esa deh ykukA
zzblds fuekZ.k esa 7 izdkj ds Hkkxhnkjksa uker% oSKkfud ,oa uokpkjh] fdlku] flfoy lkslk;Vh laxBu] fFkad VSad]
Jfed izfrfufèk] VsªM ;wfu;u ls ijke'kZ fy;k x;k gSA
zzbl LVªsVth ds eq[; {ks=kksa dks pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS& izsjd] volajpuk] lekos'ku vkSj xous±l

286
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
egÙoiw.kZ rF; tks blesa 'kkfey gSA os gSa&
zz2017–18 ds izfrO;fDRk vk; $1900 dks c<+kdj 2022–23 rd 3000 MkWyj rd igq¡pkukA
zz2022 rd Hkkjr ds vkxkeh rhu n'kdksa rd LoPN] lrr~] lekos'kh fodkl dk vkèkkj rS;kj djukA
zzfo'o dh loksZPp vFkZO;oLFkk] i;kZoj.k] bdksflLVe gsrq ^Vhe bafM;k* ds :i esa tu vkanksyu dks izHkkoh cukukA
zzfotu ds izR;ssd y{; dks la;qDr jk"Vª ds lrr fodkl ds y{;ksa ds en~nsutj fodflr djukA
zzfdlkuksa dh nks xquh vk;] esd bu bafM;k] foKku rduhdh ,oa uokpkj dks c<+kok nsus gsrq okrkoj.k rS;kj djukA
zzizfro"kZ 9 izfr'kr dh th Mh ih fodkl nj izkIr djukA vkSj bl gsrq fuos'k nj dks 36 izfr'kr (vHkh 29%)] Ñf"k
esa Ñ"kdksa dks ^,xzhizsU;kslZ* cukuk] bZ&uke] ,ih,elh] ,-ih-,y-,e- vfèkfu;eksa esa lqèkkj djuk] thjks ctV [ksrh dks
c<+kok nsuk] vfèkdre jks”kxkj mRiUu djus tSls iz;klksa dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gSA
zzdkuwuh U;kf;d] iqfyl lqèkkj ij tksjA
zzfoÙkh; lekos'ku dks c<+kokA
zzLoPN ,oa LoLF; i;kZoj.k ij tksjA
fu"d"kZr% ;g Li"V gS fd @75 ds }kjk Hkkjr dks fo'o iVy ij ,d l'kDr vkfFkZd O;oLFkk] uokpkj mUeq[k]
LokLF;] lekos'kh] ,oa lrr fodkl djus okys ns'k ds :i esa ladfYir fd;k x;k gSA ;fn blds mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIr
gks tkrh gS rks ;g u;s Hkkjr dh vkèkkjf'kyk gksxhA
vè;k;&4
^lekos'kh fodkl rFkk lkekftd lekos'ku * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k
lekos'kh lao`f¼ (Inclusive Growth)

lekos'kh lao`f¼ dk vfHkizk; vk£Fkd lao`f¼ dh ,d ,slh izfØ;k ls gS ftlesa lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dks leku
volj izkIr gksaA 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (2007–12) esa lekos'kh lao`f¼ dks ysdj ,d Li"V j.kuhfr ljdkj }kjk is'k
dh xbZA blds varxZr oafpr lewgksa fo'ks"k :i ls vR;ar fiNM+k oxZ] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] vuqlwfpr tkfr] vYila[;d
oxZ ,oa efgykvksa dks fodkl vkSj lao`f¼ dh izfØ;k esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dk y{; ^rhozrj]
èkkj.kh; vkSj vfèkd lekos'kh fodkl* FkkA bl dkj.k lekos'kh lao`f¼ fo"k; dks bl ;kstuk esa vkSj vfèkd egÙo feykA
ljdkj }kjk le;≤ ij lekos'kh lao`f¼ ds fy;s vYidkfyd rFkk nh?kZdkfyd uhfr;k¡ cukbZ xb±A vYidkfyd
uhfr;ksa esa ljdkj }kjk [kk| vkSj iks"kkgkj] LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk] vkokl] is;ty rFkk f'k{kk lacaèkh uhfr;k¡ lfEefyr dh
xb±] ijarq bu vYidkfyd ;kstukvksa ls ljdkj ij èku dk Hkkjh cks> iM+k] ftl dkj.k yf{kr lewgksa ds vkRefuHkZj cukus
dk eq[; y{; izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldkA
bl dkj.k ljdkj us nh?kZdkyhu uhfr;k¡ cukb±A buds varxZr dkS'ky fodkl] f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus okys dk;ZØe]
xjhch mUewyu rFkk jks”kxkj l`tu lacaèkh uhfr;ksa dk lw=kikr fd;k x;kA vr% 11oha rFkk 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa
lekos'kh lao`f¼ dks ,d ,slh j.kuhfr ds :i esa is'k fd;k x;k] ftlesa ;g Li"V Fkk fd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ns'k ds
fodkl ds fy;s lkèku gS] u fd lkè;A
ljdkj }kjk fd;s x, iz;klksa ds ckotwn Hkh Hkkjr esa vlekurk dh pkSM+h gksrh [kkbZ us lekos'kh le`f¼ ds ykHkksa
dks oafpr ,oa lhekar lewgksa esa ckèkk mRiUu dh gSA bl gsrq ljdkj dks dqN fuEufyf[kr mik; djus pkfg;s&
zzfofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fofHkUu Lrjksa ij efgykvksa dh leqfpr Hkkxhnkjh dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
zzdkS'ky fodkl ls tqM+h ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s foÙk] rduhd vkSj izf'k{k.k tSls i{kksa dk fujarj mUu;u m|ksx ,oa
lekt ds lHkh rcdksa dh ”k:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
287
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvko';drkuqlkj fofHkUu Lrjksa ij jkT;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk iapk;rksa dh izHkkoh Hkwfedk dks lqfuf'pr fd;k
tkuk pkfg;sA
zzljdkj }kjk dkS'ky Hkkjr fe'ku] ubZ f'k{kk uhfr] jk"Vªh; LokLF; uhfr] ubZ vkS|ksfxd uhfr] ubZ fons'k O;kikj uhfr
tSls izeq[k dne bl fn'kk esa ljkguh; iz;kl gSaA lekos'kh lao`f¼ ds fy;s uhfr;ksa ds mfpr fØ;kUo;u ds lkFk
;kstuk ds lHkh Lrjksa ij lHkh yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dh tkuh pkfg;sA
Hkkjr esa foÙkh; lekos'ku dh fn'kk esa mBk, x, dne

(Steps taken in India for Financial Inclussion)
Hkkjr esa f}rh; lekos'ku dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s Hkkjr esa dbZ iz;kl fd;s x;s gSa ftudksa la;qDr :i ls nks Hkkxksa
esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS igyk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk fd;s x;s iz;kl] nwljk Hkkjr ljdkj ds }kjk fd;k x;k
iz;klA
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk fd;k x;k iz;kl&
zz[kkrk [kksyus gsrq LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa dk iz;ksxA
zzds- okbZ- lh- ekudksa dk ljyhdj.kA
zzlwpuk ,oa rduhd dk T;knk iz;ksx
zzfoÙkh; f'k{kk dks c<+kokA
zzmÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa ,oa flDde esa vuqlwfpr cSadksa dks 'kk[kk [kksyus gsrq fjtoZ cSad ls vuqefr dh vko';drk ugha gSA
zzcSafdax ls vNwrs xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 25 izfr'kr cSafdax 'kk[kk,¡ [kksyus dk funsZ'kA
zzu;s cSadksa dks ykblsal nsukA
zzfdlku ØsfMV dkMZ dh lqfoèkk iznku djukA
zz,-Vh-,e- 'kk[kkvksa dks foLrkj iznku djukA
zzlw{e foÙkh; laLFkkvksa dks izksRlkguA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds iz;kl

Hkkjr ljdkj ds iz;klksa esa foÙkh; lekos'ku gsrq jk"Vªh; fe'ku (National Mission for Financial Inclusion) ftldksa
izèkkuea=kh tu&èku ;kstuk Hkh dgk tkrk gS tks vxLr 2014 esa 'kq: dh x;h egÙoiw.kZ igy gSA
izèkkuea=kh tu&èku ;kstuk ds ykHk@ifj.kke fuEufyf[kr vk;s gSa&
zz1.6 yk[k ,l-,l-,- (Sub Service Areas) gS thlesa ls izR;sd ds }kjk 1000–1500 ?kjksa dks nk;js esa fy;k tk jgk gSA
zzIokbaV vkWiQ lsy (Point of Sale Pos) dh la[;k 2014 ds 10.7 yk[k dh rqyuk ekpZ 2019 rd 37.22 yk[k rd
igq¡p x;hA
zztu&èku [kkrksa dh la[;k ekpZ 2019 rd 35 djksM+ dh la[;k ikj dj x;h gSA ftlesa dqy tek jkf'k yxHkx ,d
yk[k djksM+ rd igq¡p x;h gSA
zztu&èku [kkrksa esa izfr [kkrk tek jkf'k 2015 ds 1065 #i;s dh rqyuk esa 2,725 #i;k gks x;h gSA
zz27.91 djksM+ @i;s MsfcV dkMZ forfjr fd;s x;s gSaA
zzefgykvksa dh cSafdax rd igq¡p c<+h gS D;ksafd tu&èku [kkrksa dk 53 izfr'kr efgykvksa dk [kkrk gSA tcfd ekpZ
2014 rd ek=k 27% efgykvksa ds ikl gh [kkrk FkkA
zz{ks=kh; vlekurkvksa esa deh vkbZ gS D;ksafd dqy tu&èku [kkrksa dk 59 izfr'kr xzkeh.k ,oa v¼Z 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa [kqyk gSA
zz` 5000 (` 10000 rd c<+ ldrk gSA) dh vksoj MªkfÝVax lgk;rk ls detksj oxZ dks ykHkA
288
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz18–59 vk;q ds yksxksa dks tu&èku [kkrk [kqyokus ds lkFk 30,000 dk e`R;q chek nsuk rFkk 28.8.2018 ds ckn [kqys
[kkrksa ij 2 yk[k dk nq?kZVuk chek fn;k tkuk ,d detksj oxks± dk foÙkh; lekos'ku djrk gSA
zztu&èku n'kZd ,i ds dkj.k tu&dsfanzr ,oa tu lqyHkrk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
zzvU; iz;kl&UNDP, Hkkjr fodkl laLFkk ,oa IKEA laLFkk }kjk pykbZ tk jgh fn'kk dk;ZØe tks ,d fefy;u
efgykvksa dks izf'k{k.k] dkS'ky vkfn }kjk lekos'ku dj jgk gSA
vr% ;g Li"V gS fd Hkkjr esa foÙkh; lekos'ku dks c<+kok nsus dk leosr iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl gsrq 5
yk[k ls vfèkd foÙkh; lekos'ku fcanq (iksLV vkWfiQl&1,51,231, cSad 'kk[kk,¡ 1,53,160, ,oa ATM–2,05,507) yxkrkj
bls c<+kok ns jgsa gSa rkdh oxhZ;] ySafxd vkSj {ks=kh; Lrj ij laiw.kZ foÙkh; lekos'ku dk y{; izkIr fd;k tk ldsA
lkekftd lekos'ku (Social Incusion)

lkekftd lekos'ku ls rkRi;Z gS mu oxks± dh cktkjksa] lsokvksa rFkk LFkkuksa rd igq¡pus dh ;ksX;rk] xfjek vkSj volj
dh miyCèkrk gksuk tks vc rd blls vNwrs jgs gSa tSls xzkeh.k] efgyk,¡] vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr vU; lqHks|
tutkfr;k¡] HkkSxksfyd Lrj ij fiNM+s yksx] r`rh; fyax vkfnA
fo'o cSad ds vuqlkj] ¶lkekftd lekos'ku mu O;fDr;ksa vkSj lewgksa dks tks viuh igpku ds dkj.k ihNs NwV x;s
gSa mudh lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus gsrq voljksa] xfjek ,oa ;ksX;rk dks l'kDr djus dh izfØ;k gSA¸
Hkkjr esa lkekftd lekos'ku gsrq iz;kl (Effort for Social Inclusion in India)
vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr
zzvuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr ds vijkèkksa ds lacaèk esa fo'ks"k vnkyrksa dk fuekZ.k] ,oa ihfM+rk] mlds i{kdkj ,oa
xokg dh lqj{kk ds fy;s ljdkj dks ftEesnkj cuk;k x;k gSA 2 ekg esa Vªk;y iwjk djus dh izfrc¼rkA
zzLVSaM vi bafM;k ds }kjk lkekftd&vkfFkZd l'kDrhdj.k dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA
zzMk- Hkhejko vEcsMdj ls lacafèkr ik¡p txgksa dks iaprhFkZ uke fn;k x;k gSA
zzbuds fodkl gsrq dasnz }kjk jkT;ksa dks 'krizfr'kr ;kstukxr lgk;rkA
zz14 izdkj dh Nk=ko`fÙkA
zzukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.kA
zziapk;rh jkt esa vkj{k.kA
zzlafoèkku }kjk lekurk] NwvkNwr ij jksd] lkoZtfud LFkkuksa rd igq¡p dk fl¼karA
zzvkfnoklh lekt dks LFkkuh; laLÑfr dks izksRlkgu nsukA
efgyk oxZ
zziapk;rks] ukSdfj;ksa esa vkjf{kr in fd;k tkukA
zzefgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; dk fuekZ.kA
zznhu n;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku ds rgr 5.31 yk[k Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa }kjk vkfFkZd
fodkl ds lkFk fu.kZ;u esa Hkkxhnkjh o izR;sd oxZ dh efgyk dks Hkkxhnkj djus ds }kjk lkekftd lekos'kuA
zzreke izdkj dh dqjhfr;ksa ds izfr tutkx:drk dks c<+kok nsus rFkk dkuwuh rkSj ij mlds lekiu dk iz;klA
vU; iz;kl
zzxkaoksa esa lwpuk Økafr ds fy;s jk"Vªh; czkWMcSaM fe'kuA

289
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzr`rh; fyax dks ekU;rk iznku djukA
zznwjLFk {ks=kksa esa volajpuk foLrkj tSls jsyos] lM+d] vLirky] fctyh] VsyhiQksu vkfn dk izlkja
zznwjLFk {ks=kksa ds fuokfl;ksa dks vU; {ks=kksa esa Hkze.k djkuk rkfd os lekt ds fodkl ,oa vU; yksxksa ls ijLij laca¼
gks ldsA
zzekufld jksfx;ksa gsrq ^jk"Vªh; ekufld LokLF; dk;ZØe* rkfd ;s yksx lekt dh eq[; èkkjk esa okil vk ik,aA
mi;qZDr lHkh rF;ksa ds }kjk lkekftd lekos'ku ds iz;kl fd;s tk jgsa gS rkfd dksbZ Hkh ihNs u NwV tk,¡A
jktuSfrd lekos'ku (Political Inclusion)

zzyksdlHkk] jkT;lHkk] foèkkulHkkvksa] LFkkuh; 'kklu esa eq[;èkkjk ls fiNM+s yksxksa ds fy;s vkj{k.k izkoèkkuA
zzeq[;èkkjk ls fiNM+s oxks±] yksxksa ds fy;s fof'k"V dkuwuksa dk fuekZ.kA
zz{ks=kh; Lrj ij fiNM+s {ks=kksa dks uhfrxr Lok;Ùkrk iznku fd;k tkukA
mi;qZDr rhuksa izdkj ds lekos'ku ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa lekos'ku dh izfØ;k dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS gkyk¡fd vc
rd dh izxfr dks ns[krs gq, ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd bldh Hkh viuh lhek,¡ gS gkyk¡fd blds vfèkdka'k izHkko
ldkjkRed gSa vkSj lekos'ku dks xfr'khyrk iznku dh tkrh gSA
xjhch (Poverty)
vjfoan iuxfM+;k VkLd iQkslZ (Arvind Panagariya task force)
ekpZ 2015 esa uhfr vk;ksx }kjk MkW- vjfoan iuxfM+;k dh vè;{krk eas ,d VkLd iQkslZ dk xBu fd;k x;kA bldk
izeq[k dk;Z Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk ds vkdyu gsrq fofèk dk lq>ko nsuk gSA ;g VkLd iQkslZ Hkkjr esa xjhch ds fuokj.k gsrq
dk;ZØekas ds lanHkZ esa Hkh lq>ko nsxhA
xjhch js[kk fuèkkZj.k gsrq miHkksx lacafèkr vk¡dM+ksa ds ,d=khdj.k ds fy;s fofHkUu fofèk;k¡
,d leku lanHkZ vofèk (Uniform reference period–URP)
o"kZ 1993–94 rd jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) }kjk bl fofèk ls miHkksx lacafèkr lwpuk,¡ ,d=k
dh tkrh FkhaA bl fofèk esa 30 fnuksa dh Le`fr vofèk ds nkSjku miHkksx dh xbZ lHkh oLrqvksa ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+s ,d=k
fd;s tkrs FksA
fefJr lanHkZ vofèk (Mixed reference period–MRP)
o"kZ 1999–2000 ls jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) }kjk viukbZ xbZ bl fofèk esa fiNys ,d o"kZ ds
nkSjku miHkksx dh xbZ ik¡p fuEu ckjackjrk okyh oLrqvksa (diM+s] twrs] fVdkÅ lkeku] f'k{kk vkSj laLFkkxr LokLF;
O;;) rFkk fiNys 30 fnuksa esa miHkksx dh xbZ lHkh vU; oLrqvksa dh eki dh tkrh gSA
la'kksfèkr fefJr lanHkZ vofèk (Modified mixed reference period–MMRP)
jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) }kjk o"kZ 2009–10 vkSj 2011–12 ls bl fofèk dks viuk;k x;kA bl
fofèk esa oqQN miHkksx dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh eki fiNys 30 fnuksa dh ctk; fiNys 7 fnuksa dh Le`fr vofèk ds
fy;s dh tkrh gSA bu oLrqvksa esa [kk| rsy] vaMs] ek¡l&eNyh] lfC”k;k¡] iQy] elkys] is; inkFkZ] uk'rs dk lkeku]
izlaLÑr [kk| inkFkZ] iku] rackowQ vkSj eknd inkFkZ 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
290
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr esa xjhch vuqeku (Poverty estimates in India)
;kstuk vk;ksx us ifjokj miHkksDrk O;; losZ{k.k] 2011-12 ds 68osa nkSj ds jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k ds vk¡dM+ksa dk
iz;ksx djrs gq, rsanqydj lfefr dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vkèkkj ij 2011&12 ds fy;s xjhch js[kk vkSj xjhch ds vuqikr dks
v|ru fd;k gSA rnuqlkj] 2011-12 esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds fy;s ` 816 ekfld izfr O;fDr O;; ij vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa ds
fy;s ` 1000 ij vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij xjhch js[kk fuèkkZfjr dh xbZA ns'k esa xjhch dk vuqikr 2004-05 ds 37.2
izfr'kr ls ?kVdj 2011-12 esa 21.9 izfr'kr jg x;kA laiw.kZ :i ls xjhcksa dh la[;k 2004-05 ds 407.1 fefy;u ls
?kVdj 2011-12 esa 269.3 fefy;u jg xbZA 2004-05 ls 2011-12 ds nkSjku vkSlr ok£"kd fxjkoV 2.2 izfr'kr gSA
;kstuk vk;ksx us ^xjhch dh eki dh izfofèk dh leh{kk* djus ds fy;s twu 2012 esa MkW- lh- jaxjktu dh vè;{krk eas
fo'ks"kK lewg dk xBu fd;kA
Hkkjr esa xjhcksa dh la[;k vkSj izfr'kr
o"kZ xzkeh.k 'kgjh oqQy
xjhch dk vuqikr (izfr'kr)
2004-05 41.8 25.7 37.2
2011-12 25.7 13.7 21.9
xjhcksa dh la[;k (fefy;u esa)
2004-05 326.3 80.8 407.1
2011-12 216.5 52.8 269.3
2004-05 vkSj 2011-12 ds chp ok£"kd vkSlr fxjkoV (izfr o"kZ izfr'kr fcanw)
2.32 1.69 2.18
lzksr% ;kstuk vk;ksx (rsanqydj izfofèk ls vuqekfur)A
Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk dh izo`fÙk;k¡
o"kZ fuèkZuksa dh la[;k (djksM+ esa) oqqQy tula[;k esa fuèkZuksa dk izfr'kr
1973–74 32 54.9
1977–78 33 51.3
1983 32 44.5
1987–88 31 38.9
1993–94 32 36
1999–2000 26 26
2004–05 40.7 37.2
2009–2010 35.46 29.8
2011–12 26.93 21.9
lzksr% vk£Fkd losZ{k.k 2013–14 vkSj ;kstuk vk;ksx
uksV% 2004–05, 2009–10 vkSj 2011–12 ds vk¡dMs+ ubZ fuèkZurk js[kk ij vkèkkfjr gaSA
Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk dh izo`fÙk;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij irk pyrk gS fd ;gk¡ tula[;k c<+us ds lkFk&lkFk fuèkZuksa
dh la[;k esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ysfdu ljdkj }kjk pykbZ xbZ vusd ;kstukvksa ds izHkko ls oqQy tula[;k esa fuèkZuksa
ds izfr'kr esa deh vkbZ gSA
291
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
izkjaHk esa fo'o cSad us 1 MkWyj izfr O;fDr izfrfnu dks xjhch js[kk ds :i eas ifjHkkf"kr fd;kA 2008 esa bls c<+kdj
1.25 MkWyj izfr O;fDr izfrfnu dj fn;k x;kA blds vkèkkj ij 2009 esa Hkkjr dh 31.4 izfr'kr tula[;k xjhch js[kk
ls uhps FkhA o"kZ 2015 esa fo'o cSad }kjk ubZ xjhch js[kk (Ø; 'kfDr lerk ds vkèkkj ij 2011 dh dherksa ds vuqlkj)
dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k x;kA vc xjhch js[kk 1.90 MkWyj izfr O;fDr izfrfnu gSA
fo'o cSad }kjk izdkf'kr fjiksVZ ^2018* ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2015 esa fo'o dh 10 izfr'kr tula[;k dk fgLlk ($ 1.9)
izfrfnu dh varjkZ"Vªh; xjhch la[;k ls uhps thou;kiu djrk gSA
o"kZ 1990 ds 1895 feyh;u dh rqyuk esa 2015 esa 736 feyh;u yksx xjhch js[kk ls uhps thou ;kiu dj jgs gSaA
Hkkjr }kjk fiNys 20 lkyksa esa 133 fefy;u yksxksa dks xjhch js[kk ls ckgj fudkyk x;k gSA tks ,d ldkjkRed n`';
izLrqr djrk gS vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds izLrko 471196 fnlacj 1992 (blesa 17 vDVwcj dks xjhch mUewyu fnol eukus
dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k Fkk) dks liQy cukus esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ dne gSA la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk xjhch mUewyu gsrq n'kd
(rhljh ckj) 2018–2027 dks lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gS tks blds nwljs n'kd (2008-17) ds dk;ks± dks vkxs c<+kus
dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA
lao`f¼ fodkl esa rHkh ifjofrZr gksrh gS] tc fuèkZurk dk mUewyu gksrk gS vFkkZr~ yksxksa dks Hkw[k vFkok vHkko dk
lkeuk ugha djuk iM+rk rFkk lHkh yksx Hkkstu] oL=k] vkokl] f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa tSlh U;wure vfuok;Zrk,¡
vo'; izkIr dj ysrs gSaA ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼ osQ ckotwn Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk ,d izeq[k pqukSrh cuh gqbZ
gSA Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk ,d lkekftd pqukSrh osQ :i esa dk;e gS okLro esa ;g ,d dyad gSA
fuèkZurk mUewyu gsrq ljdkj }kjk pyk, x, egÙoiw.kZ dk;ZØe

(Important programmes run by government for eradicating poverty)
çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana–PMUY)
osaQæ ljdkj us xjhch js[kk ds uhps jgus okys (ch-ih-,y-) ifjokjksa dh efgykvksa dks fu%'kqYd ,y-ih-th- dusD'ku
iznku djus okyh ^çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk* vkjaHk dh gSA
eq[; fcanq
zz;kstuk ds varxZr ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dks 2019 rd 5 djksM+ ls c<+kdj 8 djksM+ ,y-ih-th- dusD'ku iznku djus
ds fy;s ` 8000 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s ‘Give-it-Up’ vfHk;ku ds ekè;e ls ,y-ih-th- lfClMh esa cpk, x, iSls dks
mi;ksx esa yk;k tk,xkA
zzizR;sd ch-ih-,y- ifjokj dks ,y-ih-th- dusD'ku ds fy;s ` 1600 dh foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku dh tk,xhA
zz;ksX; ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dh igpku jkT; vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ }kjk dh tk,xhA
zzblls efgyk l'kDrhdj.k dks c<+kok feysxk vkSj muds LokLF; dh j{kk gksxhA
zzblls [kkuk cuus esa yxus okys le; vkSj dfBu ifjJe dks de djus esa lgk;rk feysxh vkSj xSl ds forj.k esa
dk;Zjr xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks jks”kxkj miyCèk gksxkA
zzthok'e b±èku vkèkkfjr [kkuk cukus ls LokLF; ls tqM+h xaHkhj leL;k,¡ mRiUu gksrh gSaA WTO ds ,d vuqeku ds
vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa çfro"kZ 5 yk[k yksxksa dh e`R;q vLoPN thok'e b±èku ds dkj.k gksrh gSA buesa ls vfèkdrj dh
e`R;q ds dkj.k xSj&lapkjh jksx] tSls& ân;jksx] vk?kkr] nh?kZdkyhu izfrjksèkh iQsiQM+s lacaèkh jksx vkSj iQsiQM+s dk dSalj
vkfn gaSA
zz^çèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk* ds rgr ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dks ,d Hkjk gqvk xSl flysaMj] jsxqysVj o ikbi eqÝr esa
fn;k tk,xkA
zzîsVªksfy;e vkSj izkÑfrd xSl ea=kky;* ns'k esa igyh ckj fuèkZure ifjokjksa dh djksM+ksa efgykvksa dks ykHk igq¡pkus
okyh bl ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u djsxkA
292
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kY; ;kstuk
(Deen Dayal Upadhyaya grameen kaushalya yojana–DDUGKY)
25 flracj] 2014 dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk xjhc ifjokjksa ds 15–35 o"kks± ds xzkeh.k ;qokvksa ds dkS'ky fodkl vkSj
mRiknu {kerk ds fodkl ij cy nsus ds fy;s ^nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kY; ;kstuk* dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA
bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; dkS'ky fodkl vkSj vU; mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls vkthfodk ds voljksa esa o`f¼ dj xzkeh.k
;qokvksa ds thou Lrj eas lqèkkj ykuk vkSj mudk lekos'kh fodkl djuk gSA
izeq[k fcanq
zzbl ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u ^xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;* }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g ,d rhu&Lrjh; dk;kZUo;u izk:i
dk vuqlj.k djrh gSA
zzxzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; dh ^nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kY; ;kstuk* xzkeh.k ;qokvksa ds thou Lrj dks lqèkkjus esa
,d uhfr&fuekZrk] rduhdh lgk;d vkSj lqfoèkk ,tsalh ds :i esa dke djrh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls 576 ?kaVs (rhu ekg) ls ysdj 2304 ?kaVs (ckjg ekg) dh vofèk okyh izf'k{k.k ifj;kstukvksa
ds fy;s foÙkiks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls [kqnjk] vkfrF;] LokLF;] fuekZ.k] Lopkfyr] peM+k] fctyh] jRu vkSj vkHkw"k.k vkfn tSls
250 ls Hkh vfèkd VªsMksa esa dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa gsrq foÙkiks"k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzljdkj ds vkns'kkuqlkj dsoy ekax vkèkkfjr vkSj de&ls&de 75 izfr'kr izf'k{kqvksa dks jks”kxkj nsus dk y{; r;
fd;k x;k gSA
zzfiQygky ;g ;kstuk 33 jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds 610 f”kyksa esa dk;kZfUor dh xbZ gSA
zzvkthfodk dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØe dks gh vc nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kY; ;kstuk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
y{;
zzykHkdkjh ;kstukvksa rd fuèkZu vkSj lhekar yksxksa dks igq¡pus esa l{ke cukukA
zzxzkeh.k xjhcksa dks ekax vkèkkfjr fu%'kqYd dkS'ky izf'k{k.k iznku djukA
zzlekos'kh dk;ZØe rS;kj djukA
zzlkekftd rkSj ij oafpr lewgksa (vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds 50 izfr'kr] vYila[;d oxZ ds 15 izfr'kr]
fodykax O;fDr;ksa ds 3 izfr'kr rFkk efgyk oxZ ds 33 izfr'kr) dks vfuok;Z :i ls 'kkfey djukA
zzizf'k{k.k ls ysdj vkthfodk mUu;u ij ”kksj nsukA
zzfu;ksftr mEehnokjksa ds fy;s vfrfjDr lgk;rk ;kstuk cukukA
zzjks”kxkj lk>snkjh rS;kj djus dh fn'kk esa ldkjkRed igyA
zzizf'k{k.k lsok iznku djus okyh ubZ ,tsafl;k¡ rS;kj djds dkS'ky fodkl djukA
zztEew&d'ehj (fgek;r ifj;kstuk)] iwoksZÙkj {ks=k vkSj okeiaFkh mxzokn ls izHkkfor 27 f”kyksa (jks'kuh ifj;kstuk) esa
fuèkZu xzkeh.k ;qokvksa ds fy;s ifj;kstukvksa ij vfèkd ”kksj nsukA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr xzkeh.k ;qokvksa esa dkS'ky fodkl ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; daifu;ksa lesr futh {ks=k dh daifu;ksa dks
Hkh 'kkfey djukA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr dkS'ky fodkl gsrq 'kkfey gksus okys ;qokvksa dh U;wure vk;q 15 o"kZ fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gS] tcfd
vkthfodk dkS'ky fe'ku ds varxZr U;wure vk;q 18 o"kZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr fodykaxksa dh izf'k{k.k vko';drkvksa dk Hkh è;ku j[kk tk,xkA

293
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
nhun;ky mikè;k; vaR;ksn; ;kstuk (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya antyodaya yojana)
25 flracj] 2014 dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 'kgjh xjhcksa ds dkS'ky fodkl gsrq nhun;ky mikè;k; 'kgjh dkS'ky
;kstuk vkjaHk dh xbZA ;kstuk dk mn~ns';] dkS'ky fodkl vkSj vU; mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls vkthfodk ds voljksa eas o`f¼
dj 'kgjh xjhch dks de djuk gSA
;g ;kstuk 1 fnlacj 1997 dks 'kq: Lo.kZ t;arh 'kgjh jkstxkj ;kstuk ftlesa dsanz ,oa jkT; dh Hkkxhnkjh 75:25 Fkh
ftldks flracj 2013 esa u;s uke jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (NULM) ds uke ls iquZlajfpr fd;k x;kA mldk
vkSj jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku twu 2011 ckalokM+k jktLFkku ls izkjaHk dk lesfdr :i gSA vc ;s ;kstuk,¡ bl
;kstuk esa fey x;h gSaA
fo'ks"krk,¡
zz'kgjh {ks=kksa esa bl ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u dsanzh; vkokl ,oa 'kgjh xjhch mUewyu ea=kky; }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzns'k ds lHkh 4,041 'kgjksa ,oa dLcksa dks bl ;kstuk ds varxZr j[kk x;k gSA
zzizR;sd 'kgjh xjhc ij ` 15,000 vkSj iwoksZÙkj o tEew&d'ehj gsrq ` 18,000 [kpZ dj mls dq'ky cuk;k tk,xkA
zz'kgjh vkthfodk dsanzksa ds ekè;e ls 'kgjh ukxfjdksa }kjk 'kgjh xjhcksa dks ck”kkjksUeq[k dkS'ky esa izf'kf{kr djus dh
cM+h ekax dks iwjk fd;k tk,xkA blds fy;s izR;sd dsanz dks ` 10 yk[k rd dh iwath vuqnku jkf'k ds :i esa iznku
dh tk,xhA
zzlw{e m|eksa vkSj lewg m|eksa dh LFkkiuk djds Lojks”kxkj dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA blesa O;fDrxr ifj;kstukvksa ds
fy;s ` 2 yk[k dh C;kt lfClMh vkSj lewg m|eksa ij ` 10 yk[k dh C;kt lfClMh iznku dh tk,xhA lfClMh
okys C;kt dh nj 7 çfr'kr gksxhA
zz'kgjh xjhcksa dks Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ekè;e ls foÙkh; vkSj lkekftd ”k:jrksa dks iwjk djus esa l{ke cukus ds
fy;s izR;sd lewg dks ` 10 g”kkj dh lgk;rk jkf'k nh tk,xhA
zzfoØsrkvksa ds dkS'ky dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s foØsrk ck”kkj dk fodkl djukA
zz'kgjh cs?kjksa ds fy;s LFkk;h vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj vU; vko';d oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh miyCèkrk
lqfuf'pr djukA
izèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk&xzkeh.k (Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin)
'kq#vkr zz2015 esa
lacafèkr foHkkx zzxzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;A
;kstuk dk izdkj zzdsanz ljdkj ;kstukA
ykHkkFkhZ p;u zz2011 tux.kuk lsA
mn~ns'; zzlcds fy;s ?kjA
y{; zz2022 rd 1 djksM vkokl fuekZ.k gsrq vkfFkZd lgk;rkA
'krs± zzvkokl fuekZ.k dh txg 20 ls c<+k 25 oxZ ehVjA
zzeSnkuh {ks=k gsrq 1,20,000 vkSj ioZrh; {ks=k gsrq ` 1,30,000 A
dqy ykxr zz` 1,30,075 djksM+ ftlesa dasnz ljdkj vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dh Hkkxhnkjh 60 : 40 rFkk iwoks±Ùkj
,oa tEew&d'ehj mÙkjk[kaM ,oa fgekpy ds ekeys esa 75 : 25 gksxhA
ik=krk zzHkkjr dk fuoklh gksA
zzifjokj esa 15–59 o"kZ vk;q dk dksbZ o;Ld lnL; u gksA
zzifjokj esa dksbZ O;Ld fnO;kax gksA
zzfngkM+h etnwj tks Hkwfeghu gksA
zz,sls ifjokj ftlesa 25 o"kZ ls vfèkd vk;q dk dksbZ lk{kj O;Ld ln~L; ugha gksuk pkfg;sA

294
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nLrkost zzvkèkkj dkMZ] igpku i=k] vkèkkj dkMZ ls fyad cSad [kkrk] eksckbZy uacjA
fo'ks"k zzLoPN Hkkjr fe'ku ,oa eujsxk ls Hkh bldk leUo; cuk;k tk,xkA
zzblds rgr 12000 #i;s 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k gsrq fn;s tk,xsA
zzjk"Vªh; rduhdh lgk;rk ,tsalh dh LFkkiuk rkfd edku fuekZ.k gsrq rduhdh lgk;rk
iznku dh tk ldsA
vU; egÙoiw.kZ ;kstuk,¡
;kstuk fnukad izkjaHk fo'ks"k
PM fdlku (izèkkuea=kh fdlku lEeku 24 iQjojh 2019 xksj[kiqj mÙkj izns'k zzÑf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky;A
fuèkh) ls zz14.5 djksM+ fdlkuksa dks lgk;rkA
zz60000 #i;s okf"kZd izR;{k ykHk
varj.kA
PM – KMY (iz è kkuea = kh fdlku 12 flracj] 2019 jk¡ph] >kj[kaM ls zz18–40 o"kZ ds fdlku ykHkkFkhZA
eku&èku ;kstuk) zz` 55 ls ` 200 dk va'knku izfrekg
djus ij 60 o"kZ dh vk;q ls vfèkd
gksus ij ` 3000 izfr ekg isa'kuA
zzthou chek fuxe }kjk fØ;kfUorA
PM – SYM (izèkkuea=kh Je ;ksxh eku 15 iQjojh 2019, xqtjkr ls zzfo'o dh lcls cM+h isa'ku ;kstukA
èku ;kstuk) zzvlaxfBr {ks=k ds dkexkj ykHkkFkhZ
gSa bl ;kstuk dsA
zz18 ls 40 o"kZ rd ds yksx ftudh
vk; 15000 ls de gSA
zzva'knku ds vkèkkj ij 60 o"kZ vk;q
gksus ds ckn de ls de ` 3000
izfrekg isa'kuA
zzejus ij iRuh dks isa'ku dk vkèkk
Hkkx feyrk jgsxkA
zzJe ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky; }kjkA
csjks”kxkjh (Unemployment)
csjks”kxkjh og fLFkfr gS tc ,d O;fDr lfØ;rk ls jks”kxkj dh [kkst djrk gS] ysfdu og dke ikus esa v{ke
jgrk gSA csjks”kxkjh dks lkekU;r% vFkZO;oLFkk dh fLFkfr ekius ds :i esa Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA csjks”kxkjh nj csjks”kxkj
O;fDr;ksa dh og la[;k gS] tks Je cy esa 'kkfey O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k ls Hkkx nsus ij izkIr gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa csjks”kxkjh
ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+s jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; }kjk tkjh fd;s tkrs gSaA Hkkjr esa xjhch vkdyu p;fur ifjokjksa
ds ekfld izfr O;fDr O;; ds vkèkkj ij ,u-,l-,l-vks- }kjk 2011–12 ls fd;k tk jgk gSA 2017–18 ds vk¡dM+ksa gsrq
f'k{kk dks Hkh blesa tksM+k x;k gSA
295
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
csjks”kxkjh nwj djus ds eq[; dk;ZØe (Major programmes to remove unemployment)
nhun;ky mikè;k; Jeso t;rs ;kstuk (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shrameva Jayate Yojana)
16 vDVwcj] 2014 dks ubZ fnYyh esa jkT; ljdkjksa ds Je ,oa jks”kxkj eaf=k;ksa] LokLF; eaf=k;ksa rFkk O;kolkf;d
çf'k{k.k eaf=k;ksa ds ,d fnolh; lEesyu ds nkSjku ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; Jeso t;rs dk;ZØe dh çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh
}kjk 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
;g dk;ZØe fuEufyf[kr ik¡p fo"k;ksa ij dsafær jgsxk&
1. lefiZr Je lqfoèkk iksVZy % ;g yxHkx 6 yk[k bdkb;ksa dks Je igpku la[;k vkoafVr djsxk vkSj mUgsa 44
Je dkuwuksa esa ls 16 ds fy;s vkWuykbu LohÑfr nk;j djus dh vuqefr nsxkA
2. vkdfLed fujh{k.k dh ubZ ;kstuk % fujh{k.k ds fy;s bdkb;ksa ds p;u esa rduhdh dk bLrseky vkSj baLisD'ku
ds 72 ?kaVs ds Hkhrj fjiksVks± dk fujh{k.k djuk gksxkA
3. ;wfuolZy [kkrk la[;k % blls 4.17 djksM+ deZpkfj;ksa dk viuk iksVsZcy] ijs'kkuh eqDr vkSj ,slk Hkfo"; fufèk
[kkrk gksxk ftl rd dgha ls Hkh igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA
4. çf'k{kq çksRlkgu ;kstuk % blls çf'k{kqvksa dks igys nks o"kZ ds nkSjku Hkqxrku dh tkus okyh jkf'k dk 50%
ykSVkdj eq[; :i ls fuekZ.k bdkb;ksa vkSj vU; çfr"Bkuksa dh enn dh tk,xhA
5. iquxZfBr jk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ;kstuk % vlaxfBr {ks=k esa Jfedksa dks LekVZ dkMZ nsuk ftuesa nks vkSj lkekftd
lqj{kk ;kstukvksa dk fooj.k gksxkA
jkstxkj ijd egÙoiw.kZ ;kstuk,¡
;kstuk 'kq: fo'ks"krk
esd bu bafM;k 25 flarcj 2014 zzokf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=kky; }kjkA

zz25 iQksDl {ks=kA
zzfuos'k c<+k dj jkstxkj l`tu
lw{e bZdkbZ vizSy 2015 zzde nj ij Í.k miyCèk djkukA

fodkl ,oa iqu% zzyksu lhek& f'k'kq (50 gtkj)] fd'kksj (5 yk[k) vkSj r:.k bZdkbZ (10
foÙkh;u yk[k rd)
vfèkdj.k zzlw{e m|ksx fodkl }kjk jkstxkj mRiknu
(eqnzk)
LVkVZ vi bafM;k 16 tuojh 2016 zzokf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=kky; }kjkA

zz75 ls T;knk LVkVZvi gc dk ns'k esa fuekZ.kA
zzvklku fu;e] vklu dj] vklku pj.k
zzjkstxkj mRikndksa ds izksRlkgu ls jkstxkj mRiknu
zzLVkVZvi jSafdax 2018 esa tgk¡ xqtjkr csLV ijiQkWeZj jgk ogha 'kh"kZ (VkWi)
ij dukZVd] dsjy] vksfMlk ,oa jktLFkku jgsA
zzLVkVZvi jSfdax vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa izksUufr foHkkx (DIPP) }kjk tkjh
fd;k tkrk gSA

296
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
varjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2018 esa Hkkjr esa jks”kxkj dh izkfLFkfr
fo"k; o"kZ izfr'kr
jkstxkj&tula[;k vuqikr 2018 47.4
jkstxkj&tula[;k vuqikr (iq#"k) 2018 70.7
jkstxkj&tula[;k vuqikr (efgyk) 2018 19.7
Ñf"k {ks=k esa ldy jkstxkj dk izfr'kr 2018 43.3
m|ksx {ks=k esa ldy jkstxkj dk izfr'kr 2018 25.0
lsok {ks=k esa ldy jkstxkj dk izfr'kr 2018 31.7
csjkstxkjh nj 2018 5.3
Je&cy Hkkxhnkjh nj 2018 48.0
Je&cy Hkkxhnkjh nj (iq#"k) 2018 74.0
Je&cy Hkkxhnkjh nj (efgyk) 2018 20.8
1. us'kuy lSaiy losZ vkWfiQl (NSSO) ds }kjk 2017–18 ds fy;s fd;s x;s vè;;u ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh
nj 45 o"kks± esa lokZfèkd gS tks 6.1 izfr'kr gSA 'kgjh csjks”kxkjh nj xzkeh.k {ks=k ls T;knk gSA tks ukxkySaM esa lokZfèkd
ozQe'k% (21.4%) gS ogha U;wure nknkj ,oa ukxj gosyh (0.4%) gSA jktLFkku esa bldh nj jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls de
(5%) gSA
Hkkjr esa csjks”kxkjh&egÙoiw.kZ vk¡dM+S
xk¡o 'kgj
dqy nj dqy iq#"k efgyk dqy iq#"k efgyk
5.3% 5.8 3.8 7.8 7.8 5.7
uhfr vk;ksx dh dk;Z;kstuk

uhfr vk;ksx ds }kjk izLrqr n``f"Vdks.k i=k esa Hkkjr ls xjhch fuokj.k gsrq dk;Z;kstuk dh :i js[kk izLrqr dh x;hA
blds egÙoiw.kZ fcanq fuEufyf[kr gSa
zzukjk% xjhch mUewyu% jkstxkj fuekZ.k ,oa lkekftd dk;ZØeksa dks etcwr djdsA
zzxjhch ekiu gsrq rsanqydj lfefr dh ctk; jaxjktu lfefr dh fjiksVZ dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
zzrhoz fodkl tks nks izdkj ls lgk;rk djsxk igyk] jkstxkj l`tu ,oa mfpr osru }kjk izR;{k lgk;rk nwljk ljdkj
dks T;knk vk; izkIr gksxh tks lkekftd [kpZ gsrq T;knk lalkèku miyCèk djk,axhA
zzÑf"k ij fuHkZj ifjokjksa dk fodkl tSls o"kkZ vkèkkfjr {ks=kksa eq[;r% iwohZ {ks=k esa NksVs fdlkuksa ds izksRlkgu gsrq fdjk;k
dkuwu esa la'kksèku ,oa izkÑfrd vkink ls cpko uhfrA
zzrVh; {ks=kksa gsrq O;olk; mUeq[k ekgkSy ,oa uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzxjhch jksèkh dk;ZØeksa dks T;knk izHkkoh cukuk bl gsrq eujsxk] lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh esa Mk;jsDV csfufiQV VªkaliQj
(izR;{k ykHk varj.k DBT) ,oa tSe (JAM) (tuèku vkèkkj eksckby) dks c<+kok ,oa csgrj mi;ksx djukA
zzizR;sd xzke iapk;r ls 5 ?kjksa dks fpfÉr djds mls xjhch ls ckgj fudkyukA
297
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vè;k;&5
^Ïf"k* ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
vkfFkZd fodkl esa Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku

(Contribution of Agriculture in Economic Development)
Ñf"k {ks=k dk Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 1950–51 esa ;g yxHkx 51 izfr'kr
Fkk rFkk foÙkh; o"kZ 2011–12 esa ;g yxHkx 14-2 izfr'kr jg x;kA jk"Vªh; vk; ds vkdyu dh ubZ Ükà[kyk (vkèkkj
o"kZ 2011–12) ds vkèkkj ij 2016–17 esa Ñf"k ,oa lacafèkr {ks=k dk ldy ewY; lao¼Zu (GVA) esa ;ksxnku 17.4%
FkkA tcfd o"kZ 2019–20 esa Ñf"k vkSj lac¼ {ks=kksa dk fgLlk dqy th-oh-,- (orZeku dherks ij) esa 16.5 gksus dk
vuqeku O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA ldy ewY; lao¼Zu esa Ñf"k ds izfr'kr ;ksxnku esa deh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k ds egÙo esa
fxjkoV dks ugha n'kkZrh gS] vfirq ;g dsoy vFkZO;oLFkk ds f}rh;d rFkk r`rh;d {ks=kksa dh lkisf{kd rhoz o`f¼ dks
n'kkZrh gSA o`Qf"k dk fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa ;ksxnku mYys[kuh; gS&
zzjks”kxkj% Hkkjr esa Ñf"k jks”kxkj dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ lzksr gS] fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esaA Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh yxHkx 50%
dk;Z'khy tula[;k Ñf"k {ks=k esa dk;Zjr gSA
zzc<+rh gqbZ tula[;k ds fy;s [kk|kUuksa dh vkiw£r% Hkkjrh; tula[;k ds vxys nks n'kd esa gh fo'o dh lcls
cM+h tula[;k cuus dk vuqeku gS vr% bruh cM+h vkcknh ds fy;s [kk|kUu dh o`gr ek=kk esa t:jr iM+sxh bldh
vkiwfrZ gsrq ekStwnk [kk|kUu dks ek=kkRed ,oa xq.kkRed nksuksa :iksa ls csgrj djuk gksxkA
zzvkS|ksfxd fodkl ds fy;s Ñf"k {ks=k dk egÙo% dPps eky ds vkiw£rdÙkkZ ds :i esa Ñf"k {ks=k vFkZO;oLFkk esa
vkS|ksfxd {ks=k dh lao`f¼ ds fy;s eq[; :i ls egÙoiw.kZ gSA Ñf"k {ks=k ds }kjk vkS|ksfxd dPps ekyksa] tSls& diM+k
m|ksx dks dikl] rsy m|ksx dks rsy chtksa] phuh m|ksx dks xUus dh vkiw£r dh tkrh gSA ;g [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksxksa
dks Ñf"k mRiknksa ds :i esa dPpk eky miyCèk djkrk gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku% Ñf"k Hkkjr ds varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrh gSA Hkkjr
pk;] twV] dktw] rackdw] dkWiQh vkSj elkys vkfn dk fu;kZr djrk gSA ;s lHkh Ñf"k oLrq,¡ Hkkjr ds dqy fu;kZrksa
dk ,d cM+k izfr'kr lk>k djrh gSaA
zzxjhch mUewyu esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk% Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa eas vkèkh ls vfèkd Je 'kfDr Ñf"k {ks=k esa dk;Zjr gSA
Ñf"k vkt Hkh fuEu vk; oxZ ,oa fuèkZu O;fDr;ksa dk thou vkèkkj gSA Ñf"k {ks=k [kk| lqj{kk dk eq[; vL=k gSA
zziwath fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx% Hkkjr esa iwath fuekZ.k izfØ;k eas Ñf"k {ks=k dk lg;ksx vko';d gSA Ñf"k mRiknksa ds mRiknu
ds :i eas rFkk xSj&Ñf"k mRiknksa dh ekax ds :i esa Hkkjr esa Ñf"k dk dsanzh; LFkku gSA xSj&Ñf"k mRiknksa dh ekax ds
egÙoiw.kZ lzksr gksus ds :i esa Ñf"k vFkZO;oLFkk ds f}rh;d {ks=k esa fuos'k dks izsfjr djrh gSA vr% Li"V gS fd
vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl esa Ñf"k dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gS D;ksafd Ñf"k ns'k dh jh<+ gSA
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh fo'ks"krk,¡ 'kh"kZ 5 flafpr {ks=kiQy okys jkT;

flafpr {ks=k (yk[k
(Characteristics of Indian Agriculture) jkT;
gsDVs;j esa) 2013–14
Ñf"k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh ^jh<+ dh gM~Mh* ekuh tkrh gSA mÙkj izns'k 204.0
Ñf"k ,d èkqjh ds leku gS ftlosQ pkjksa vksj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk eè; izns'k 99.1
xfreku jgrh gSA Hkkjr esa Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=k dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn jktLFkku 98.6
esa yxHkx 15% dk ;ksxnku jgrk gSA Ñf"k ij ns'k dh yxHkx 50.% iatkc 77.1
dk;Zdkjh tula[;k vkfJr gSA ewy :i ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh gfj;k.kk 57.0
fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
298
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzHkkjrh; Ñf"k ekulwu ij vkèkkfjr % Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh ekulwu ij fuHkZjrk vfèkd gkssus osQ dkj.k bls êkulwu dk
tqvk* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA dqy Ñf"k {ks=k dh cqvkbZ dk yxHkx 52% vkt Hkh vflafpr vkSj o"kkZ&iksf"kr gSA
lokZfèkd flafpr jkT; iatkc gS tgk¡ 99.60% Ñf"k {ks=k flafpr gSA
lokZfèkd flafpr iQly xUuk dks ekuk tkrk gSA
ns'k esa lcls de flafpr izfr'kr okyk jkT; vle gSA ;gk¡ yxHkx 5.54% {ks=kiQy ij flapkbZ dh lqfoèkk
miyCèk gSA
ugjksa }kjk 26.19%, dqvksa }kjk 18.46% ,oa rkykc }kjk 3.48% {ks=kiQy ij flapkbZ dh tkrh gSA vU; lkèkuksa
}kjk 6.71% {ks=kiQy ij flapkbZ dh tkrh gSA
zziQlyksa esa fofoèkrk % Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh fo'ks"krk esa iQlyksa dh fofoèkrk izeq[k gSA bldk izeq[k dkj.k ;gk¡ ½rqvksa dh
fHkUurk dh fLFkfr dk gksuk gSA ½rqvksa ds vkèkkj ij gh ;gk¡ jch] [kjhiQ ,oa tk;n dh iQlysa mxkbZ tkrh gSaA ½rqvksa
ds vfrfjDr HkkSxksfyd fo"kerk Hkh iQlyksa ds fofoèkhdj.k ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h gSA eSnkuh bykdksa esa tgk¡ xsgw¡] pkoy
vkfn dh [ksrh dh tkrh gS ogha ioZrh; {ks=kksa esa ckxkuh iQlyksa dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS] tSls& pk;] twV bR;kfnA
zztula[;k dh fuHkZjrk % Hkkjr dh vfèkdka'k turk Ñf"k ij fuHkZj gSA ns'k ds dqy Jfedksa dh la[;k dk yxHkx 50%
Ñf"k {ks=k ij vkfJr gSA ;g la[;k yxHkx 39.7 djksM+ gSA Hkkjr dh vfèkdka'k xzkeh.k tula[;k dk thfodksiktZu
Ñf"k ij vkèkkfjr gSA
zzÑf"k tksrksa dk NksVk vkdkj % Hkkjr esa o`Qf"k ;ksX; Hkwfe esa fo'o esa nwljk LFkku (igyk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk)
j[krk gS fdarq ;gk¡ ij o`Qf"k tksrksa dk vkdkj NksVk gSA Hkkjr esa c<+rh tula[;k ds dkj.k la;qDr ifjokj esa fc[kjko
vk jgk gS ftlls tksrksa dk vkdkj NksVk gksrk tk jgk gSA Hkkjr esa izfr O;fDr o`Qf"k Hkwfe miyCèkrk ek=k 0-11 gsDVs;j
gS tks fd fodflr ns'kksa esa 11 gsDVs;j rd gS rFkk vkSlr o`Qf"k tksr dk vkdkj 1-1 gsDVs;j gh gS vkSj blesa Hkh
jkT;ksa esa vleku forj.k gS tgk¡ fcgkj] mÙkj izns'k tSls jkT;ksa esa ;g vR;ar NksVs vkdkj dk gS ogha ukxkySaM esa
lokZfèkd 2-1 gsDVs;j vkSlr dk vkSj jktLFkku esa 1-9 gsDVs;j vkSlr dk gSA
zzÑf"k esa rduhdh dk vHkko % Hkkjr esa vfèkdka'k xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds yksx ijaijkxr rduhd dk mi;ksx djrs gSa tcfd
fodflr ns'kksa esa vR;kèkqfud midj.kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ogk¡ de le; esa vR;fèkd dk;Z laHko gSA
Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh ek=k 5 izfr'kr fdlkuksa ds ikl VSªDVj tSlk vko';d ;a=k gSA izko`Qfrd vkinkvksa ds izfr T;knk
lqHksn~; gSA Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh iQkoM+k] [kqjih ,oa ydM+h dk gy vkfn ;a=k Ñf"k dk;Z ds mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA
zzU;wure Ñf"k mRikndrk % Hkkjr esa mUur cht miyCèkrk lHkh rd ugha gks ikus ls bldk udkjkRed izHkko
mRikndrk ij iM+rk gSA Hkkjr esa vkSlr [kk|kUu mRikndrk foÙkh; o"kZ 2018 esa ek=k 2233 fdxzk- izfr gsDVs;j Fkh
tks fd phu 6029 fdxzk- izfr gsDVs;j dh rqyuk esa yxHkx ,d frgkbZ gSA
zzÑf"k Lo:i dk leL;kxzLr gksuk % Hkkjrh; Ñf"k Hkkjh o"kkZ ,oa lw[ks dh fLFkfr ls Hkh izHkkfor gksrh gS ftlls
fdlkuksa dks ½.kxzLrrk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA iwath dh deh] e`nk vijnu] jksxksa ,oa dhVksa dk izdksi] flapkbZ
dh deh] Hkwfe lqèkkjksa dh deh vkfn leL;kvksa ls fdlku xzflr gSaA NSSO dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vkaèkz izns'k
esa lokZfèkd 92.9% fdlku ifjokj d”kZnkj gSA
zzlajpukRed leL;k ls xzLr% Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ijaijkxr fu;eksa] lk[k dh deh] xq.koÙkk dh ctk; ek=kkRedrk
ij T;knk tksj] jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud mnklhurk tSlh lajpukRed leL;k ls xzLr gSA
Ñf"k lk[k (Agriculture Credit)

Ñf"k ½.k dk izokg (Agricultural credit flow)
Ñf"k mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk dks c<+kus ds fy;s ½.k ,d egÙoiw.kZ fuos'k vkSj vkxr gksrk gSA Ñf"k ½.k izokg
dks csgrj cukus ds fy;s ½.k dk y{; foÙkh; o"kZ 2017–18 esa 10 yk[k djksM+ fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;kA bl y{; osQ
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fy;s o"kZ 2017–18 rd 5.88 yk[k djksM+ (flracj 2017 rd) dk y{; gkfly dj fy;k x;k FkkA ctV 2020&21
ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa o`Qf"k ½.k dk y{; 15 yk[k djksM+ j[kk x;k gSA
Ñf"k dher uhfr (Agriculture price policy)

Ñf"k dher uhfr ds varxZr fdlkuksa ls [kk|kUuksa dh ykHkizn ewY;ksa ij [kjhn] ciQj LVkWd dks dk;e j[kuk] HkaMkj.k]
ifjogu] [kk|kUuksa ds ewY; esa fLFkjrk ykuk bR;kfn 'kkfey gksrs gSaA bl mn~ns'; dh iw£r ds fy;s ljdkj Ñf"k oLrqvksa
dk U;wure leFkZu ewY; (MSP) iQly cqvkbZ ekSle 'kq: gksus ls igys gh ?kksf"kr djrh gS] ftlls fdlku iQly mxkus
ds lacaèk esa fu.kZ; ys ldsA
Ñf"k ykxr ,oa ewY; vk;ksx (Commission for agricultural costs and prices–CACP)
Ñf"k ykxr ,oa ewY; vk;ksx Hkkjr ljdkj ds Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; dk ,d layXu dk;kZy; gSA ;g
vk;ksx tuojh 1965 esa vfLrRo esa vk;kA ;g Ñf"k mRiknksa dh larqfyr ,oa ,dhÑr ewY; lajpuk rS;kj djus ds mn~ns';
ls LFkkfir fd;k x;kA Ñf"k ykxr ,oa ewY; vk;ksx Ñf"k mRiknksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij lykg nsrk gSA bl vk;ksx
osQ }kjk 23 Ñf"k iQlyksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY; tkjh fd;s tkrs gaSA blds vfrfjDr xUus ds fy;s U;wure leFkZu ewY;
dh txg ^mfpr ,oa ykHkdkjh ewY;* (FRP) dh ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gSA xUus dk ewY; fuèkkZj.k vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh
eaf=keaMyh; lfefr }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa blds }kjk ykxr ewY; dk 150 izfr'kr ekud dks U;wure
leFkZu ewY; dk vkèkkj cuk;k tk jgk gSA
mn~ns';
zzÑf"k ewY;ksa dk fLFkjhdj.kA
zzÑ"kdksa ds fy;s lkFkZd okLrfod vk; dks lqfuf'pr djukA
zzyksd forj.k i¼fr ds ekè;e ls miHkksDrkvksa dks vko';d Ñf"k i.; mfpr dher ij miyCèk djokukA
U;wwure leFkZu ewY; (Minimum support price)

U;wure leFkZu ewY; og U;wure ewY; gksrk gS] ftl ij ljdkj fdlkuksa }kjk csps tkus okys vukt dh iwjh ek=kk
Ø; djus ds fy;s rS;kj jgrh gSA tc ck”kkj esa Ñf"k mRiknksa dk ewY; fxj jgk gks rc ljdkj fdlkuksa ls U;wure leFkZu
ewY; ij Ñf"k mRiknksa dks Ø; dj muds fgrksa dh j{kk djrh gSA ljdkj U;wure leFkZu ewY; dh ?kks"k.kk iQly cksus
ls igys djrh gSA U;wure leFkZu ewY; dh ?kks"k.kk ljdkj }kjk Ñf"k ykxr ,oa dher vk;ksx dh laLrqfr ij o"kZ esa nks
ckj jch vkSj [kjhiQ ds ekSle esa dh tkrh gSA
[kjhn ewY;@Ø; ewY; (Procurement price)
[kjhn ewY; og ewY; gS] ftldh ?kks"k.kk ljdkj o"kZ eas jch vkSj [kjhiQ dh iQlyksa dks Ø; djus ds le; djrh
gSA blds fuèkkZj.k esa ;g è;ku j[kk tkrk gS fd ,d vksj Ñ"kdksa dks vxys o"kZ oLrqvksa ds mRiknu ds fy;s izsj.kk feys
rFkk nwljh vksj de”kksj oxZ dks Hkh mfpr ewY; ij Ñf"k oLrq,¡ izkIr gks ldsaA lkekU;r% [kjhn ewY; [kqys ck”kkj ewY;
ls de vkSj U;wure leFkZu ewY; ls vfèkd gksrk gSA
fudklh ewY; (Issue price)
fudklh ewY; og ewY; gksrk gS] ftl ij ljdkj lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ds varxZr dsanzh; HkaMkj x`gksa (Hkkjrh;
[kk| fuxe) ls mfpr ewY; dh nqdkuksa (Fair Price Shops) dks vukt fuxZfer djrh gSA
300
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Ñf"k foi.ku (Agriculture marketing)
Ñf"k foi.ku esa mu lHkh xfrfofèk;ksa] ,tsafl;ksa vkSj uhfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] ftuds }kjk Ñf"k mRiknksa dks
fdlku ds [ksr ls ysdj vafre miHkksDrkvksa rd igq¡pk;k tkrk gSA Ñf"k foi.ku esa cgqr lkjh xfrfofèk;k¡ ,d&nwljs ls
varl±c¼ gksrh gSa] tSls& iQly dk mxkuk] dkVuk] Ñf"k mRikn dk Js.khdj.k ,oa foHkktu djuk] iSfdax] ifjogu]
HkaMkj.k] foKkiu] forj.k ,oa foØ; djukA
lgdkjh foi.ku
Ñf"k mRiknksa dh foi.ku iz.kkyh dh dk;Zdq'kyrk dk Lrj Å¡pk djus vkSj fdlkuksa dks eè;LFkksa ds diViw.kZ O;ogkj
ls cpkdj mUgsa mudh iQly dk mfpr ewY; fnykus ds fy;s lgdkjh foi.ku ,d vPNk fodYi gSA lgdkjh foi.ku
lfefr;k¡ vius lnL;ksa ds FkksM+s&FkksMs+ foi.ku vkfèkD; dks ,d=k dj eafM;ksa esa Fkksd O;kikfj;ksa ds lkFk izfr;ksfxrk
djrs gq, csp ldrh gSaA lgdkjh foi.ku laLFkkvksa dh lgk;rk ls fdlkuksa dks viuh mit dk mfpr ewY; fey
ldrk gSA lgdkjh foi.ku lfefr;k¡ fdlkuksa dh mit dks cspus ds vfrfjDr mUgsa mUur fdLe ds cht] moZjd]
Ñf"k midj.k vkfn vU; vfuok;Z oLrq,¡ miyCèk djkrh gSaA
Hkkjr esa lkekU;r;k NksVs ,oa eè;e Js.kh ds fdlku gSaA ,sls esa fdLkku vius Ñf"k mRikn dks xk¡o esa gh fdlh
O;kikjh] lkgwdkj ;k egktu dks foØ; dj nsrs gSaA ;fn dksbZ fdlku vius Ñf"k mRikn dk foØ; xk¡o ds lkekU;
ck”kkj] gkV ;k LFkkuh; eafM;ksa esa djrk gS rks mls vusd izdkj ds 'kqYd nsus iM+rs gSa ,oa eè;LFkksa dh ,d Ükà[kyk ds
dkj.k mls vius mRikn dk mfpr ewY; ugha fey ikrkA
us'kuy ,xzhdYpjy dks&vkWijsfVo ekdsZfVax isQMjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM
(National Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.–NAFED)
Ñf"k mitksa ds foi.ku gsrq lgdkjh {ks=k esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ukisQM dh LFkkiuk 2 vDVwcj] 1958 dks dh xbZA ukisQM
dh LFkkiuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; Ñf"k mRiknksa ds lgdkjh foi.ku dks c<+kok nsdj fdlkuksa dks ykHk igq¡pkuk gSA ukisQM
dk mn~ns'; Ñf"k] ckxokuh vkSj ou mitksa dk foi.ku] izlaLdj.k vkSj HkaMkj.k djuk gSA ;g vko';d Ñf"k e'khujh
dk forj.k djrk gS vkSj fdlkuksa dks vko';d vknku] tSls& cht] moZjd] dhVuk'kd vkfn iznku djrk gSA ;g Ñf"k
mRiknksa ds varjkZT;h; O;kikj vkSj vk;kr&fu;kZr dks O;ofLFkr djrk gSA
Vªkbcy dks&vkWijsfVo ekdsZfVax MsoyiesaV isQMjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM
(Tribal Co-operative Marketing Development Federation of India Ltd.–TRIFED)
tutkrh; yksxksa dks 'kks"k.kdkjh futh O;kikfj;ksa ls NqVdkjk fnykus vkSj muds }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ oLrqvksa dk vPNk
ewY; fnykus ds mn~ns'; ls Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1987 esa VªkbisQM dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA vçSy 1988 ls dk;Zjr VªkbisQM
dks isM+ksa rFkk ouksa ds mRiknksa ds ,d=khdj.k] izlaLdj.k] HkaMkj.k vkSj fodkl dh izeq[k ,tsalh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
xsgw¡ vkSj èkku dh ljdkjh [kjhn ds fy;s VªkbisQM Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe ds ,tsaV rFkk eksVs vuktksa] nkyksa vkSj fryguksa
dh [kjhn esa Ñf"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx ds ,tsaV ds :i esa dke djrk gSA Ñf"k mRiknksa ds ewY;ksa ds mrkj&p<+ko
ls gksus okys uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ds fy;s Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; bls vuqnku nsrk gSA bldk eq[;ky; ubZ
fnYyh esa gSA
vkn'kZ Ñf"k mRikn foi.ku lfefr vfèkfu;e (Model APMC Act)

Hkkjr esa Ñf"k mRiknksa ds ck”kkj dks jkT;ksa }kjk vfèkfu;fer Ñf"k mRikn foi.ku lfefr vfèkfu;e] 2003 ds
vèkhu fofu;fer fd;k tkrk gSA vizSy 2017 esa Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj us u, vkn'kZ ,-ih-,e-lh-
dkuwu dh ?kks"k.kk dh ftlesa jkT; ljdkjksa dks NwV gS fd os mlesa viuh vko';drkuqlkj cnyko dj ldrh gSaA ekWMy
,-ih-,e-lh- dkuwu ds rgr fuEufyf[kr O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS&
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzmiHkksDrkvksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds fy;s ck”kkj dk fuekZ.k djuk] ftlesa fdlku izR;{k :i ls vius Ñf"k mRiknksa dks lhèks
miHkksDrkvksa dks csp lds_
zzck”kkj esa eè;orhZ laLFkkvksa ds leku iathdj.k dh vuqefr nsdj Ñf"k mRikn ds ck”kkj esa izfrLi¼kZ dks c<+kok nsuk_
zzfdlku vius Ñf"k mRiknksa dks lhèks Bsds ij Ñf"k izk;kstdksa dks csp ldrs gSa_
zzck”kkj {ks=k esa csps tk jgs Ñf"k mRiknksa ij ,d ck”kkj 'kqYd dh O;oLFkk djuk_
zzck”kkj esa dk;Z dj jgs yksxksa ds ykblsal dh txg iathdj.k dh O;oLFkk djuk] rkfd mUgsa ,d ;k ,d ls vfèkd
ck”kkj esa lapkyu dh vuqefr fey lds_
zz,-ih-,e-lh- ds ”kfj;s dek, x, jktLo ls ck”kkj ds vkèkkjHkwr <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k djukA
;g vkn'kZ dkuwu jkT; ljdkjksa dks ,-ih-,e-lh- ck”kkjksa (eafM;ksa) ds xBu dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA buesa ls cgqr lkjs
jkT;ksa us vkn'kZ ,-ih-,e-lh- dkuwu ds izkoèkkuksa dks vkaf'kd rkSj ij viuk;k gS vkSj vius ,-ih-,e-lh- dkuwu esa vko';d
cnyko Hkh fd;s gSaA
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj (National agriculture market)

zzbysDVªkWfud jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj (eNAM) ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWfud VªsfMax iksVZy gS] tks Ñf"k ls lacafèkr mitksa
ds fy;s ,d ,dhÑr jk"Vªh; ck”kkj dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy;s ekStwnk Ñf"k mit foi.ku lfefr;ksa (APMC) ,oa
Ñf"k eafM;ksa dk ,d izlkj gSA bZ&uSe iksVZy lHkh Ñf"k mit foi.ku lfefr;ksa ls lacafèkr lwpuk vkSj lsokvksa ds
fy;s flaxy foaMks lsok iznku djrk gSA bleas vU; lsokvksa ds chp mit ds vkxeu vkSj dherksa] O;kikj izLrkoksa dks
[kjhnus vkSj cspus] O;kikj izLrkoksa ij izfrfØ;k ds fy;s izkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj us ekStwnk Ñf"k mit
foi.ku lfefr;ksa vkSj vU; Ñf"k eafM;ksa dks ,d usVodZ ls tksM+dj ,d fo'kky ck”kkj dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA jk"Vªh;
Ñf"k ck”kkj dgus dks rks ,d ôpqZvy* (vkHkklh) ck”kkj gS] ysfdu ;g fdlh Hkh fdlku ,oa O;kikjh dks ns'k esa
fdlh Hkh Ñf"k eaMh esa Ñf"k mRiknksa (ftalksa) dks [kjhnus o cspus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrk gSA jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj dk
fodkl Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
eNAM dh VSx ykbu & ^mÙke iQly] mÙke buke*
jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj ds ykHk
zzfdlkuksa dks jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj ds ekè;e ls Ñf"k mRiknksa ds foØ; ls mfpr ewY; izkIr gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
zzLFkkuh; O;kikfj;ksa dks vius gh izns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa rFkk vU; jkT;ksa esa Ñf"k mRikn [kjhnus ,oa cspus ds volj
izkIr gks ldasxsA
zzxzkgdksa dks Ñf"k mit vklkuh ls miyCèk gksxh rFkk Ñf"k mRiknksa dk ewY; Hkh fLFkj jgsxkA
zzns'k dh lHkh eafM;ksa ds èkhjs&èkhjs jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj usVodZ ls tqM+us ds iQyLo:i Hkkjr eas igyh ckj ,d jk"Vªh;
Ñf"k ck”kkj fodflr gksxkA
zzjk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj ls Ñf"k mitksa ds ewY; ds lacaèk eas lwpuk fo"kerk lekIr gksxhA
zzjk"Vªh; Ñf"k ck”kkj ls lapkyu n{krk vkSj eafM;ksa ds lapkyu esa ikjnf'kZrk c<s+xhA
iwjs ns'k esa 585 Fkksd o`Qf"k mit foi.ku lfefr;ksa ,oa eafM;ksa dks tksM+k tk pqdk gSA lu~ 2019 esa ljdkj us ;g
?kks"k.kk dh 2021&22 rd laiw.kZ Hkkjr dh 22000 eafM;ksa dks blds nk;js esa yk;k tk,xkA è;krO; gS fd bZ&uke dks 1
tqykbZ] 2015 dks vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k Fkk tcfd izèkkuea=kh }kjk bldk vkSipkfjd mn~?kkVu 14 vizSy] 2016 dks fd;k
x;k FkkA
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[kk| lqj{kk ,oa ciQj LVkWd (Food Security and Buffer Stock)
jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e] 2013 (National food security Act, 2013)
zz;g 10 fnlacj] 2013 ls ykxw gqbZA
zzblesa [kk| lqj{kk dks dY;k.k dh ctk; ,d dkuwuh vfèkdkj ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k x;kA buesa lkekftd ,oa
vkfFkZd nksuksa vlekurkvksa dks de djus dk mn~ns'; fufgr gSA
zzblesa 75 izfr'kr xzkeh.k vkcknh rFkk 50 izfr'kr 'kgjh vkcknh dks doj djus dks yf{kr fd;k x;k gSA
zzblesa ik=k O;fDr dks eksVk vukt 1½] xsgw¡ 2½ rFkk pkoy 3 ½ izfr fdyksxzke nsus dk izkoèkku gSA Hkkjr dh vkiwfrZ
u gksus ij [kk| lqj{kk HkÙkk dk izkoèkku gSA
zzblls vUr;ksn; vUu ;kstuk okys ifjokjksa dks 35 fdyksxzke rFkk izkFkfedrk izkIr ifjokjksa dks vfrfjDr 5 fdyksxzke
izfr ekg izfr ifjokj nsus dks izkoèkku gSA
zzloZizFke NÙkhlx<+ }kjk [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;kA
zzdbZ jkT;ksa tSls paMhx<+] iqnqpsjh esa blds fy;s izR;{k ykHkvarj.k dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;kA
zzblesa APL ifjokj Hkh 'kkfey ftuds jk'ku dk ewY; MSP ds 50» ls T;knk ugha gks ldrk gSA
zzxHkZorh ,oa Lruiky djkus okyh efgykvksa dks xHkkZoLFkk o izlo i'pkr~ 6 ekg rd Hkkstu vkSj 6000 #i;s ekrÒ;
ykHkA
zzflracj 2019 rd blds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa jktLFkku ds xzkeh.k {ks=k dk 69 izfr'kr 2019 tcfd 'kgjh {ks=k ds 53
izfr'kr yksx doj izkIr dj pqds gSA
zzizR;sd jkT; ^jkT; [kk| vk;ksx* xBu djsxk ftlesa de&ls&de nks efgyk,¡ gksxhA
lhek,¡
zzblesa [kk|kUu fn;k tkrk gS ij nkysa] [kk| rsy vkfn oLrq,¡ 'kkfey ugha gSA
zzog Hkw[k feVkus ij dsafnzr gS u fd dqiks"k.k feVkus ijA
zzbldh fozQ;kUo;u leL;k,¡ gSA
zzHkaMkj.k dh dehA
zz[kk|kUuksa dh fuEu xq.koÙkkA
zz[kk|kUu dk 2020&21 ds ctV esa de fd;k tkukA
ciQj LVkWd (Buffer stock)

ciQj LVkWd dk eq[; mn~ns'; [kk| lqj{kk iznku djuk gSA vkikr fLFkfr esa fdlh oLrq dh deh dks iwjk djus ds
fy;s oLrq dk HkaMkj.k djus dks ciQj LVkWd dgk tkrk gSA ck<+ ,oa lw[ks dh fLFkfr esa ;k iQly [kjkc gksus ij vdky
tSlh leL;k dks nwj djus ds fy;s ;gk¡ ls vukt dh vkiwfrZ dh tkrh gSA
vizSy 2005 esa [kk|kUuksa gsrq ciQj LVkWd ds ekinaM dks yf{kr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh }kjk r; fd;k tkrk
FkkA ckn esa tqykbZ 2013 ls ykxw jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e ds rgr ciQj LVkWd ds ekinaMksa esa ifjorZu fd;k
x;kA
303
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o"kZ 2019 ds vuqlkj
fnukad vkWijs'kuy LVkWd j.kuhfrd HkaMkj
pkoy xsgw¡ dqy pkoy xsgw¡
1 vizSy 115.8 44.6 160.4 20 30
1 tqykbZ 115.4 245.8 361.2 20 30
1 vDVwcj 82.5 175.2 257.7 20 30
1 tuojh 66.1 108 164 20 30
o"kZ 2019–20 dh fLFkfr (yk[k fefy;u Vu esa)

fnukad pkoy xsgw¡ dqy
1 vizSy 293.94 169.92 463.86
1 tqykbZ 284.21 458.31 742.52
1 vDVwcj 249.16 393.16 642.32
1 tuojh] 2020 237.15 327.96 565.11
lzksr% ,iQ-lh-vkbZ- ds vk¡dM+ksa ij vkèkkfjr
zzciQj LVkWd lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ,oa vU; tudY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa ds lapkyu esa lgk;d gSA
zzfo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd ciQj LVkWd eqnzkLiQhfr dks fu;af=kr djus] [kk| lqj{kk esa deh ykus] ck”kkj ds eqDrhdj.k
esa lgk;d gSA
lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh % mn~ns'; ,oa lhek,¡

(Public Distribution System : Objective and Limitations)
,d ns'k ,d jk'ku dkMZ ;kstuk (One Nation One Ration Card)

,d vizSy 2018 esa ¶lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dh ,dho`Qr izcaèku iz.kkyh (IM-PDS)¸] dks laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa ykxw
fd;k x;k ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; jk"Vªh; [kk|~; lqj{kk vfèkfu;e 2013 ds varxZr ,d ns'k ,d jk'ku dkMZ dh iksVZcsyVh
dks ykxw djuk FkkA ftlds rgr~ lHkh izoklh tks dgh Hkh Hkkjr esa jgsa oks fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud forj.k dh nqdkuksa ls
jk'ku ys ldsaA blds fy;s lHkh nqdkuksa dks ÎokabV vkWiQ lsy* e'khuksa ls tksM+k tk jgk gSA 2019 esa blds fy;s pkj
jkT;ksa esa ik;yV izkstDV pyk;k x;kA
bl ;kstuk dk iw.kZ :i ls fozQ;kUo;u 1 twu] 2020 ls fd;s tkus dk y{; cuk;k x;k gS gkyk¡fd 12 jkT;ksa esa
;g ;kstuk 1 tuojh] 2020 ls ykxw gks pqdh gSA ftlesa jktLFkku] xksok] xqtjkr] gfj;k.kk] dsjy vkfn 'kkfey gSA
bl ;kstuk ds ykHk
zzxjhc jk'ku ls oafpr ugha gksaxsA
zzykHkkFkhZ igpku gsrq vkèkkj dk O;kid mi;ksxA
zzHkz"Vkpkj ij ÎoknaV vkWiQ lsy fMokbl* ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k yxke yxsxhA
zz10 vadksa dk jk'kudkMZ tkjh gksxk (iqjkus dk viMsV gksxk) blesa laiw.kZ fooj.k gksxk tSls ;fn vad A B C D E F
G H I J gS rks A B - jkT; dksM] CD - jk'ku dkMZ uacj EF lnL; dk fooj.k nsxkA
zzblls 63 djksM+ ykHkkFkhZ ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
304
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
bl ;kstuk dh leL;k,¡
zzdbZ jkT; vius ;gk¡ vyx ls [kk|kUu miyCèk djkrs gS tSls rfeyukMq esa 20 fdxzk- vfrfjDr eqÝr pkoy nsuk tks
fd ;s jkT; vU; jkT;ksa ds fuokfl;ksa dks ugha nsuk pkgsaxsA
zzifjokj ds lnL; dbZ jkT;ksa esa jg ldrs gS] tSls csVk&cgq eqacbZ esa dekus x, rks cw<+s ek&cki fcgkj esa jgsaxs oSlh
ifjfLFkfr esa ,d txg [kk|kUu ysus ij nwljh txg ds yksx ykHkkfUor ugha gks ik,axsA
zzdqN jkT;ksa esa IokabV vkWiQ lsy e'khuksa ds fozQ;kUo;u esa vuko';d nsh dh tk jgh gSA
udn gLrkaj.k ,oa vU; lacaèkh eqn~ns

(Cash Transfer and Other Related Issues)
udn gLrkarj.k iz.kkyh ds varxZr ljdkj }kjk lfClMh dh jkf'k dks lhèks gh ik=k ifjokjksa ds cSad [kkrksa esa gLrkarj.k
dj fn;k tkrk gSA ik=k ifjokjksa }kjk vko';d [kk|kUuksa dk Ø; cktkj ls dj fy;k tkrk gSA bl fofèk ls gLrkarj.k
djus ls lfClMh xyr gkFkksa esa tkus dh laHkkouk dkiQh de crkbZ tk jgh gS] ijarq dqN fo'ks"kK bls fcuk foÙkh;
lekos'ku ds vèkwjk ekurs gSaA
uxn gLrkraj.k ds ykHk (Benefits of Cash Transfer)

zzlfClMh dk udn gLrkarj.k djus ij cM+h ek=kk esa [kk|kUuksa dk ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij ;g gLrkraj.k ugha djuk
iMs+xk
zzik=k ifjokj viuh bPNkuqlkj [kk|kUuksa dk Ø; dj ldrs gSaA
zzblls [kk| lafClMh vkSj [kk|kUuksa dk fjlko de gksxkA
zzblls [kk| lfClMh lhèks ik=k ifjokjksa rd vklkuh ls igq¡p ldrh gSA
zzblls foÙkh; lekos'ku dks Hkh c<+kok feyrk gSA
udn gLrkarj.k lEcUèkh vU; eqís (Other related issues of cash transfer)
çR;{k udn gLrkarj.k ftls ik;yV ifj;kstuk ds rkSj ij 1 tuojh] 2013 dks 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA blls lacafèkr
vU; eqís fuEufyf•r ifjyf{kr gq, gSa &
zzHkz"Vkpkj esa deh vkbZ rFkk udn gLrkarj.k çfØ;k dh ykxr Hkh ?kVhA
zzokLrfod ykHkkfFkZ;ksa rd ykHk igq¡pkA
zzftu enksa dk ykHk çnku fd;k tk jgk Fkk mudk ewY; vc lgkf;dh ls ckgj dj fn;k x;k blls bu enksa ds
ewY; esa o`f¼ gqbZA
zzftl en ds fy;s èku dk gLrkarj.k fd;k x;k mlh en esa ml iSls dk ç;ksx gqvk gks ;g lqfuf'pr ugha gks ldkA
zzokLrfod ik=k dks bldk ykHk feys ;g lqfuf'pr ugha gks ldk tSls – Ñf"k ds lanHkZ esa moZjd lgkf;dh dk
iSlk Hkw&èkkjd ds •krs esa Hksts tkus ls ml Hkwfe ij caVkbZnkj ;k fdjk, ij •srh djusokys okLrfod fdlku dks
ykHk ugha gqvkA
zzHkkjr esa çR;sd jkT; ;k {ks=k esa ek=kkRed fo"kerk gksus ds dkj.k ,dy nj dk fuèkkZj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk] tSls
iqíqPpsjh vkSj jktLFkku ds Ñf"k esa ç;qDr çfr gsDVs;j moZjd dh ek=kk esa varj gksukA
zzgky gh esa dksfoM&19 ds nkSjku ^çèkkueU=kh xjhc dY;k.k ;kstuk* ds rgr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds •krs esa çR;{k ykHk@udn
gLrkarj.k ds ”kfj;s jkf'k çnku dh tk jgh gSA
zztc ;g ik;yV ifj;kstuk ds rkSj ij (uanu uhyds.kh lfefr dh vuq'kalk ij) 'kq: gqbZ rks vkèkkj dkMZ ,oa cSad
•krksa dh lHkh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa rd igq¡p ugha Fkh ysfdu vc bu eqíksa esa dkiQh gn rd deh vkbZ gSA
305
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lfClMh % [kk| lfClMh] izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k lfClMh
(Subsidy : Food Subsidy, Direct and Indirect Subsidy)
lfClMh (Subsidy)
dsanzh; ctV] 2020–21 (lfClMh)
zzctV 2020–21 esa dqy 2,27,793.89 djksM+ #i;s lgkf;dh ds fy;s izLrkfor gSA tks fiNys ctV ds vuqeku ls
8000 djksM+ de vkSj la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls yxHkx 0-23 izfr'kr vfèkdA
zzeq[; lkgf;fd;ksa ,oa muds fy;s vkoafVr jkf'k;k¡ bl izdkj gS&
zz[kk| lgkf;dh (ihMh,l)& 1]15569-68 djksM+ tks fiNys lky ds ctV vuqeku ls 70 gtkj djksM+ #i;s de
gSa tcfd la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls 6-3 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
zzmoZjd lkfg;dh& 71]309 djksM+ tks fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa de gSA
zzisVªksfy;e lgkf;dh fiNys ctV dh rqyuk esa 6-1 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ ds lkFk 40915 djksM+ gS ftlesa ,yihth ij
37256 djksM+ vkSj dsjkslhu ij 3659 djksM+ fn;k tk,xkA
zzvU; lgkf;dh ds fy;s 1987 djksM+ dk izkoèkku gSA
lfClMh ls vk'k; ljdkj }kjk vkfFkZd {ks=k] laLFkk] O;olk; ;k O;fDr dks nh xbZ foÙkh; lgk;rk ls gSA ,d
yksdrkaf=kd ns'k esa ljdkj dk iz;kl jgrk gS fd tks Hkh ;kstuk pykbZ tk,] og xjhcksa dh igq¡p rd lqfuf'pr gks ldsA
,d dY;k.kdkjh jkT; esa lfClMh ds ekè;e ls gh lekt esa fo|eku fo"kerk dks nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
lfClMh vkerkSj ij vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd {ks=kksa dks ykHk igq¡pkus vkSj c<+kok nsus ds mn~ns'; ls nh tkrh gSA
[kk| lfClMh (Food subsidy)

lfClMh&izkIr [kk|kUuksa ds ekè;e ls U;wure iks"kkgkj lgk;rk ,oa fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa dher fLFkjrk lqfuf'pr djuk
[kk| lqj{kk ds nks izeq[k mn~ns'; gSaA ljdkj leqfpr forj.k dk nkf;Ro iwjk djrs gq, [kk| lfClMh xjhcksa dks miyCèk
djokrh gSA Ñf"k {ks=k esa lfClMh nsus dh izÑfr nks izdkj dh gksrh gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&
izR;{k lfClMh
izR;{k lfClMh esa fdlkuksa dks izR;{k udn izksRlkgu dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS ftlls Ñ"kd izfrLi¼kZ ds nkSj esa
ck”kkj esa viuh igpku lqfuf'pr dj ldsA ”;knkrj fodflr ns'k Ñf"k ,oa eRL;u ij ,d cM+h èkujkf'k lfClMh osQ
:i esa [kpZ djrs gSaA izR;{k lfClMh fdlkuksa ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls lgk;d gS&
zzØ;'kfDr {kerk esa o`f¼A zzlkoZtfud fufèk ds nq#i;ksx ij fu;a=k.k j[kus esa lgk;dA
zzxzkeh.k xjhcksa ds thou Lrj esa lqèkkjA zzykHkkFkhZ dh igpku lqfuf'pr djus esa lgk;dA
vizR;{k lfClMh fiNys ctV 2019&20 ds ctV vuqeku ls

vizR;{k lfClMh ds varxZr lLrh ½.k lqfoèkk] 2020&21 esa varj izfr'kr esa
d”kZ ekiQh] moZjd ,oa dhVuk'kdksa ij lfClMh] fctyh
zz[kk| lgkf;dh & 6-3» o`f¼
fcy esa deh] fdlku izf'k{k.k rFkk i;kZoj.kh; lgk;rk
zzmoZjd lgkf;dh & 10-9» deh
dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA vizR;{k lfClMh dk mn~ns';
oSf'od ck”kkj esa Ñf"k mRiknksa dks vfèkd izfrLi¼kZRed zzisVªksfy;e & 6-1» o`f¼
cukuk gSA izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k lfClMh dks ,d mnkgj.k zzvU; & 5-5» deh
ls le>k tk ldrk gSA moZjd dh dher esa iznku dh zzdqy & 0-5» deh
306
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
xbZ NwV vizR;{k lfClMh ds rgr vkrh gS tcfd ljdkj tc moZjdksa ds ewY; esa deh djus ds fy;s udn lgk;rk
iznku djrh gS rks ;g izR;{k lfClMh ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gSA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu us fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa }kjk nh tk jgh izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k lfClMh dh vkykspuk
djrs gq, dgk fd ,slh lfClMh eq[; ck”kkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dks vo#¼ djrh gSA
Hkkjr esa izfro"kZ yxHkx 2 yk[k jksM+ #i, lfClMh ij [kpZ dh tkrh gSA ;g ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx 1.5%
gksrk gSA lfClMh ls lacafèkr egÙoiw.kZ ekeys fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzizR;{k lfClMh ls ”;knkrj cM+s fdlkuksa dks ykHk fey jgk Fkk] NksVs fdlku blls oafpr jg tkrs FksA
zzcM+s fdlku cM+h ek=kk esa lfClMh;qDr moZjd mBk ysrs Fks ftldks ck”kkj esa mPp ewY; ij csp nsrs FksA
zzvizR;{k lfClMh ds ekè;e ls mRikndksa dh dk;Zdq'kyrk dks izksRlkfgr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA lfClMh fcy dks de
djus esa bldk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA
Ñf"k ls lacafèkr vU; egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kd

(Other Important Areas Related to Agriculture)
Ñf"k ls lacafèkr {ks=kd ds varxZr i'kqikyu] eRL;u] ckxokuh vkfn {ks=k vkrs gSa ftudk foLrkj ls o.kZu fuEufyf[kr gS&
i'kqikyu (Animal husbandry)

i'kq tux.kuk
zzizR;sd 5 o"kZ ij dh tkrh gSA
zzigyh 1919 esa dh xbZA
zz20oha tux.kuk 2018 esa 'kq: gqbZA
zz20oha tux.kuk esa vkWuykbu MkVk ,d=k.k dks viuk;k x;k gSA
20oha i'kq tux.kuk ds eq[; rF;

zzdqy i'kq 535 fefy;u ftlesa 110 fefy;u HkSal] 133 fefy;u cdjh] 63 fefy;u HksM+ vkfnA
zzfo'o dk 3 izfr'kr ehV] 5-65 izfr'kr v.Mk mRikndA
zzizFke LFkku& dqy i'kq] nwèk mRiknu] HkSal tula[;k] Others
HkSalk chiQ] cdjh nwèk mRiknu] dqy lkaMA Goat 27.6% 0.23%
zzizfr O;fDr miyCèkrk& nwèk 194 xzke] ehV 11
fdxzk@o"kZ] v.Mk 182 izfr o"kZA Cattle
zzizfr i'kq nqXèk mRiknu& ladj xk; 7-71 fdxzk@fnu] 35.94%
ns'kh xk; 2-93 fdxzk@fnu] HkSal 5-47 fdxzk@fnu] cdjh
0-47 fdxzk@fnuA Sheep
zzlokZfèkd nqXèk mRiknd jkT;& mÙkj izns'k] nwljk LFkku 13.87%
jktLFkku tks fd Hkkjr dk 12-7» nwèk mRiknu djrk gSA
zzlokZfèkd izfr O;fDr nqXèk miyCèkrk& iatkcA
Buffalo 20.45%
zz2020&21 ctV ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa dqy nqXèk
izklaLdj.k {kerk fefy;u fefVªd Vu gS ftldks 2025 rc c<+kdj 108 fefy;u fefVªd Vu djuk gS lkFk gh izfr
O;fDr nqXèk miyCèkrk dks Hkh orZeku 394 xzke@fnu ls nks xquk djus dk y{; gSA
307
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zzè;krO; gS fd 1950 dk fefy;u fefVªd dh rqyuk esa orZeku esa Hkkjr esa nqXèk mRiknu 10 xquk c<+k gS tk 2018&19
esa 187 fefy;u fefVªd Vu FkkA
zzuhfr vk;ksx ds 2033 fotu ds vuqlkj nqXèk mRiknu dks c<+kdj 330 fefy;u fefVªd Vu dk y{; gSA
20oha i'kq tux.kuk esa egÙoiw.kZ rF;

dqy i'kq èku 425 tula[;k orZeku 53-6 djksM+ 2012 ls varj 2012 ls 4-6» vfèkd
cksokbu tula[;k i'kq (Cattle) $ HkSal $ feFkqu $ ;kd 30-3 djksM+ ls vfèkd
xk; tula[;k 14-5 djksM+ 18 izfr'kr vfèkd
cdjh tula[;k 15 djksM+ 10 izfr'kr vfèkd
HksM+ tula[;k 7-4 djksM+ 14-1 izfr'kr vfèkd
eqxhZ tual[;k 85-2 djksM+ 16-8 izfr'kr vfèkd
HkSal tula[;k 11 djksM+ 1 izfr'kr vfèkd
lqvj tula[;k 90 yk[k 12 izfr'kr deh
xèkk tula[;k 1-2 yk[k 61 izfr'kr deh
mQ¡V tula[;k 2-5 yk[k 37 izfr'kr deh
uksV%
zzlokZfèkd i'kqèku esa mÙkj izns'k (67-8 fefy;u) igys vkSj jktLFkku (56-8 fefy;u) nwljs LFkku ij gSaA
zzHkkjr iq#"k HkSalksa dh la[;k o`f¼ efgyk HkSlksa dh o`f¼ nj 8-61 izfr'kr dh rqyuk esa dkiQh vfèkd 42-35 izfr'kr jghA
zzjktLFkku esa 2012 dh rqyuk esa dqy i'kqèku esa 1-66 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZA
i'kq lokZfèkd i'kq okys jkT; ozQe'k%

HkSal mÙkj izns'k] jktLFkku] xqtjkr
Cattle if'pe caxky] mÙkj izns'k] eè; izns'k
HksM+ rsyaxkuk] vkaèkz izns'k] dukZVd] jktLFkku
cdjh jktLFkku] if'pe caxky] mÙkj izns'k
lqvj vle] >kj[kaM] es?kky;
mQ¡V jktLFkku (34-69 izfr'kr dh deh)] xqtjkr] gfj;k.kk
ckxokuh (Horticulture)
iQy lCth] elkyk ,oa ckxokuh iQlyksa ds 'kh"kZ rhu mRiknd jkT; (2016&17)
iQly izFke f}rh; r`rh;
dqyiQy vkaèkz izns'k egkjk"Vª mÙkj izns'k
vke mÙkj izns'k vkaèkz izns'k dukZVd
iihrk vkaèkz izns'k xqtjkr dukZVd
iQyiQwy rfeyukMq vkaèkz izns'k dukZVd
iQylCth mÙkj izns'k if'pe caxky eè; izns'k
308
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
VekVj vkaèkz izns'k eè; izns'k dukZVd
I;kt egkjk"Vª eè; izns'k dukZVd
cSaxu if'pe caxky vksfM'kk xqtjkr
ukfj;y dsjy dukZVd rfeukMq
mRiknu esa 'kh"kZ jkT;

iQly 'kh"kZ jkT; iQly 'kh"kZ jkT;
pkoy i- caxky] iatkc] m- iz- cktjk jktLFkku] m- iz-] xqtjkr
xsgw¡ m- iz-] iatkc] e- iz- eksVs vukt jktLFkku] dukZVd] egkjk"Vª
eDdk dukZVd] egkjk"Vª] e- iz- puk e- iz-] egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku
rwj@vjgj egkjk"Vª] e- iz] dukZVd dqy nkysa e- iz- jktLFkku] egkjk"Vª
dqy [kk|kUu m- iz-] e- iz-] iatkc ewaxiQyh xqtjkr] jktLFkku] vkaèkz izns'k
lwjteq[kh dukZVd] fcgkj] vksfM'kk jsilhM vkSj ljlks jktLFkku] gfj;k.kk] e- iz-
dikl xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª] rsyaxkuk dqy frygu e- iz-] jktLFkku] xqtjkr
xUuk m- iz- egkjk"Vª] dukZVd lks;kchu e- iz-] egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku
vkyw m- iz-] ia- caxky] fcgkj elkys e- iz-] jktLFkku] vkaèkz izns'k
eRL;u (Fishery)
eRL;u m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy;s jk"Vªh; eRL;u fodkl cksMZ dh LFkkiuk gSnjkckn esa dh xbZ FkhA eRL;u rVh;
izns'kksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dk egÙoiw.kZ O;olk; gSA Hkkjr esa 2017 esa dqy eRL; mRiknu 12-6 fefy;u fefVªd Vu jgk
tks fo'o mRiknu dk 6-3 izfr'kr rFkk ftlesa ls yxHkx 65 izfr'kr varnsZ'kh; FkkA Hkkjr fo'o esa eNyh dk rhljk
lcls cM+k mRiknd ns'k gS rFkk varnsZ'kh; eRL; ikyu dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd ns'k gSA Hkkjr esa
lokZfèkd eNyh if'peh rVksa esa idM+h tkrh gSA dsjy eNyh idM+us dh n`f"V ls vxz.kh jkT; gSA
Ñf"k ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡ (Agriculture Related Schemes)

Ñf"k ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
C;kt vuqnku ;kstuk (Interest subvention scheme)

dsanzh; eaf=keaMy us izèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh dh vè;{krk esa o"kZ 2016-17 esa C;kt vuqnku ;kstuk dks viuh ea”kwjh
nhA ljdkj us bl ;kstuk ds fy, 18,276 djksM+ #i, dk izkoèkku fd;kA bl ;kstuk esa fdlkuksa dks dsoy 4% okf"kZd
C;kt nj ij 1 o"kZ ds Hkhrj Hkqxrku ;ksX; vfèkdre 3 yk[k #i, rd dk y?kqdkfyd iQly ½.k izkIr djus dk
y{; r; fd;k x;kA ukckMZ rFkk Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad bl ;kstuk dks dk;kZfUor dj jgs gSaA bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ns'k
esa Ñf"k mRikndrk vkSj mRiknu ij ”kksj nsus ds fy, fdiQk;rh nj ij y?kqdkfyd iQly ½.k ds fy, Ñf"k ½.k
miyCèk djkuk gSA
orZeku cktkj C;kt ljdkj Hkjsxh fdlku dks Hkqxrku
C;kt vuqnku ;kstuk
C;kt nj djuk gS
de vofèk okys Ñf"k ½.k 9% 5% 4%
½.k vnk;xh u djus ij 9% 2% 7%

309
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
izkÑfrd vkink dh fLFkfr esa iQly u"V gksus ij 9% 2% 7%
laxfz gr iQly ds Ñf"k ½.k ij 9% 2% 7%
bl ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1. dsanz ljdkj 1 o"kZ ds fy, vfèkdre 3 yk[k #i, ds y?kqdkfyd iQly ½.k dk le; ij Hkqxrku djus okys
lHkh fdlkuksa dks izfro"kZ 5% C;kt vuqnku nsxhA bl rjg fdlkuksa dks dsoy 4% C;kt nsuk gksxkA ;fn fdlku
le; ij y?kqdkfyd iQly ½.k dk Hkqxrku ugha djrk gS rks mls 2% C;kt vuqnku gh feysxkA
2. ,sls y?kq vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa dks jkgr iznku djus ds Øe esa] ftUgksaus vius mRikn ds iQly i'pkr~ HkaMkj.k ds
fy, 9% dh nj ij d”kZ fy;k gS] dsanz ljdkj vfèkdre 6 ekg ds d”ksZ ds fy, 2% C;kt vuqnku ;kuh 7%
dh izHkkoh C;kt nj dks ea”kwjh nsxhA
3. izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls izHkkfor fdlkuksa dks jkgr iznku ds fy, Hkqxrku jkf'k ij igy o"kZ ds fy, cSadksa dks 2%
C;kt vuqnku fn;k tk,xkA
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk (Kisan credit card scheme)
ukckMZ }kjk Ñf"k lk[k miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk 1998 esa ykbZ xbZA blds fØ;kUo;u
esa okf.kfT;d cSad] {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSad ,oa lgdkjh cSadksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA
;kstuk ds mn~ns';
zzizkÑfrd vkink] chekjh ;k dhVksa }kjk iQly [kjkc gksus dh fLFkfr esa fdlkuksa dks foÙkh; enn ds lkFk&lkFk chek
miyCèk djkukA
zzfdlkuksa dks Ñf"k dk;ks± gsrq vkèkqfud rduhdksa ds iz;ksx dks c<+kok nsus gsrq izLrqr djukA
zzvkink okys le; esa Hkh ,d fuf'pr Ñf"k vk; dks lqfuf'pr djukA
zz[kk| inkFkks± ds mRiknu gsrq izksRlkgu nsukA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
zz;g dkMZ fdlkuksa dks mudh Hkwfe tksr ds vkèkkj ij tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA
zzvkgj.k dk Hkqxrku ,d o"kZ esa djuk gksrk gSA
zz½.k lhek dk fuèkkZj.k cSadksa ds foosdkèkhu gSA
zziQly ykxr esa o`f¼ ;k iQly iSVuZ esa ifjorZu gksus dh fLFkfr esa ½.k lhek esa ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA
zzdkMZ ,oa iklcqd lkFk gksus dh fLFkfr esa vkgj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzlkekU;r% dkMZ 3 o"kZ ds fy;s tkjh fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk budh okf"kZd leh{kk dh tkrh gSA
zzfdlku bldk mi;ksx cht] moZjd ;k dhVuk'kd tSlh vko';d lkexzh dh [kjhn esa dj ldrs gSaA
zzlHkh fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ èkkjd dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ O;fDrxr nq?kZVuk chek ;kstuk dk ykHk fn;k
tk jgk gSA
Hkw&èkkfjrk ds vkèkkj ij ukckMZ us 40% fdlkuksa dks ik=k ik;kA bl ;kstuk ls ;g iQk;nk gqvk fd Ñf"k fuos'k c<+
x;kA blds dkj.k Ñf"k lao`f¼ c<+hA tqykbZ 2004 esa ,d ubZ Ñf"k lk[k uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ vkSj y{; j[kk x;k
Fkk fd vxys rhu o"kks± esa Ñf"k lk[k dh ek=kk dks de&ls&de nksxquk dj fn;k tk,xkA bl ;kstuk esa okf.kfT;d cSadksa
dk fgLlk yxHkx 45.6%] lgdkjh cSadksa dk fgLlk yxHkx 39.4% vkSj {ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSadksa dk fgLlk 15.1% gSA
310
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fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk ds nks"k
zz,slk ik;k x;k fd dqN fdlku de C;kt ij bl dkMZ dh lgk;rk ls cSad }kjk ½.k ysdj mls vfèkd C;kt ij
nwljksa dks nsus yx x, vkSj bl izdkj egktuh is'ks dks c<+kok feykA ftu fdlkuksa dks dkMZ izkIr ugha gks ldk]
mudk bl izdkj ls 'kks"k.k gksus yxkA
zzdqN fdlku bl dkMZ dh lgk;rk ls miHkksDrk lkexzh [kjhnus ds iz;kl esa yx x,] ftlls miHkksDrkokn dh izo`fÙk c<+hA
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk (Pradhanmantri krishi sinchayee yojana)

;g ;kstuk 1 tqykbZ] 2015 dks izkjaHk dh xbZ FkhA bl ;kstuk esa Rofjr flapkbZ ykHk dk;ZØe] lesfdr okVj'ksM
izcaèku dk;ZØe rFkk ty izcaèku dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ls lacafèkr egÙoiw.kZ fcanq fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzflapkbZ ds fy;s fuos'k Lrj ij ,d:irk izkIr djuk ,oa Ñf"k ;ksX; {ks=k dk foLrkj djukA
zzo"kZ 2017–18 ds nkSjku lw{e flapkbZ ds varxZr 12 yk[k gsDVs;j {ks=k ykus dk y{; gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr 5 o"kZ ds nkSjku 50,000 djksM+ #i, ds O;; dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzty cpr izkS|ksfxdh dks viukuk ,oa lrr~ ty laj{k.k iz.kkfy;ksa dks mi;ksx esa ykukA
zzbl ;kstuk esa dsanz ,oa jkT; ds O;; dk vuqikr 75 : 25 gksxk rFkk dqN fo'ks"k jkT;ksa esa ;g 90 : 10 gksxkA
zzvkfFkZd losZ{k.k] 2017-18 ds vuqlkj ih-,e-ds-,l-okbZ- ;kstuk fnlacj 2019 rd pj.kc¼ :i esa 76.0 yk[k
gsDVs;j doj djus okyh 99 eq[; vkSj eè; flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s dekaM {ks=k fodkl dh
lgk;rk ls fe'ku ds :i esa dk;kZfUor dh tk jgh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk esa ?kjsyw] Ñf"k vkSj m|ksx tSls lHkh {ks=kksa gsrq okVj ctfVax dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
uhjkapy jk"Vªh; okVj'ksM izksxzke (Neeranchal national watershed programme)

bl ;kstuk dks 7 vDVwcj] 2015 dks izèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh dh vè;{krk esa eaf=keaMy us ea”kwjh nhA bl ;kstuk ds
fy;s yxHkx ` 2,142 djksM+ ifjO;; dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k x;k FkkA
mn~ns';
zzokVj'ksM ?kVd dks e”kcwrh ,oa rduhdh lgk;rk iznku djukA
zzty dk dq'ky mi;ksx ,oa izR;sd [ksr rd ty dh igq¡pA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
zz;g ;kstuk dsanz ljdkj }kjk fo'o cSad ds lg;ksx ls pykbZ tk jgh gSA
zztylaHkj dk;ZØeksa vkSj o"kkZ flafpr flapkbZ izcaèku iz.kkfy;ksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsrs gq, csgrj rjhds ij cy fn;k x;k gSA
zztylaHkj ls tqM+s igyw rFkk iQkWjoMZ fydsat ds ekè;e ls csgrj vkthfodk ,oa vk; esa enn lacaèkh leL;kvksa dks
nwj djuk rFkk lekos'kh fodkl esa LFkkuh; yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djukA
ijaijkxr Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk (Traditional agricultural development scheme)

;g ;kstuk Ñf"k ea=kky; ds Ñf"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk o"kZ 2015–16 ls fdlkuksa dks tSfod Ñf"k gsrq izksRlkfgr
djus ,oa Ñf"k esa c<+rs jklk;fud [kkn ,oa dhVuk'kd ds mi;ksx dks fu;af=kr djus gsrq izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
mn~ns';
tSfod mRiknksa ds izek.khdj.k ,oa foi.ku dks izksRlkfgr djukA
311
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;kstuk lacaèkh egÙoiw.kZ igyw
zz;g DyLVj [ksrh ij vkèkkfjr ,d ;kstuk gS] ftlesa 50 ;k mlls vfèkd fdlkuksa dks ,d DyLVj ds :i esa 50
,dM+ Hkwfe ij Ñf"k djuh gksxhA
zz;kstuk ds varxZr rhu o"kks± ds nkSjku tSfod [ksrh gsrq 5 yk[k ,dM+ {ks=k esa 10,000 lewg cukus dk y{; j[kk x;kA
zzDyLVj esa 'kkfey izR;sd fdlku dks rhu o"kks± esa fofHkUu [kpks± (cht iSfdax] ifjogu) gsrq izfr ,dM+ ` 20,000
fn;s tk,axs rFkk 'ks"k #i, vkWxsZfud [ksrh] e`nk ijh{k.k] Vªsfuax l=k] ,Dlikstj foftV] fyfDoM ck;ksiQfVZykb”kj ,oa
isLVhlkbM uhe rsy] oehZ oaQiksLV ,oa Ñf"k ;a=k vkfn ij [kpZ fd;s tk,axsA
fØ;kUo;u
Ñf"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk {ks=kh; ifj"kn ds :i esa jk"Vªh; tSfod [ksrh dsanz xkf”k;kckn ls iathdj.k djokdj
;kstuk ykxw djus lacaèkh dk;Zokgh ds fy;s f”kyk lfefr;ksa dks vfèkÑr fd;k x;k gSA ;kstuk dk izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u
jkT; ljdkjksa dh f”kEesnkjh gSA
esjk xk¡o] esjk xkSjo (Mera gaon, mera gaurav)

fnlacj 2015 esa mÙkj izns'k ds eqtÝiQjuxj ds xk¡o dkdM+k ls êsjk xk¡o] esjk xkSjo* dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA
mn~ns';
zzoSKkfudksa dks viuh lqfoèkkuqlkj xk¡oksa dk p;u djds mlds laidZ esa cus jguk rFkk fdlkuksa dks rduhdh ,oa vU;
egÙoiw.kZ tkudkjh le;≤ ij miyCèk djkrs jgukA
;kstuk ls lacafèkr egÙoiw.kZ igyw
zzHkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR) ds fofHkUu dsanzksa vkSj laLFkkuksa esa dk;Zjr 6000 oSKkfud lfEefyr fd;s x,
rFkk jkT; Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; esa 15,000 ls vfèkd oSKkfud dk;Zjr gSaA
zzblds ekè;e ls ôSKkfudksa dk lewg* cuk;k tk,xkA
zzizR;sd lewg dks vfèkdre 100 fdeh- ds vanj ik¡p xk¡oksa dks xksn ysuk gksxkA
vè;k;&6
^m|ksx ,oa lsok {ks= * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
izeq[k vkfFkZd leL;k,¡ ,oa ljdkj dh igy

(Major Economy Problem and Initiative of Government)
izeq[k vkfFkZd leL;k,¡ (Major Economy Problems)

zziwath fuekZ.k dh fuEu njA
zztula[;k o`f¼A
zzfuEu izfr O;fDr vk;A
zzrduhdh fiNM+kiuA
zzcsjks”kxkjh ,oa xjhchA
zzvkS|ksfxd fiNM+kiuA
zzvlhfer vko';drk,¡ ,oa lhfer lkèkuA
zzlalkèkuksa dk oSdfYid iz;ksxA
zzp;u dh leL;k ftldk lkeuk mRiknd vkSj miHkksDrk nksuksa dks gh djuk iM+rk gSA
zzlalkèkuksa ds vkcaVu dh leL;kA
312
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
1980 ds n'kd ds var rd ljdkj dk O;; mlds jktLo ls bruk vfèkd gks x;k fd Í.k ds }kjk O;; èkkj.k
{kerk ls vfèkd ekuk tkus yxk ftlds dkj.k eqnzkLiQhfr rsth ls c<+h vkSj [kkM+h ;q¼ vkfn dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr dk isVªksfy;e
Hkqxrku dkiQh c<+ x;kA ifjfLFkfr ;g vk x;h fd Hkkjr ds ikl varjkZ"Vªh; dtZnkrkvksa dk C;kt pqdkus yk;d iSlk
Hkh ugha cpk u gh dksbZ fons'kh fuos'kd ,d Mwcrh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fuos'k djus dks rS;kj FkkA Hkkjr ds ikl nks lIrkg
ds vk;kr vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds yk;d Hkh fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj ugha cpk Fkk vr% Hkkjr us varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZek.k vkSj
fodkl cSad (IBRD) ftls fo'o cSad ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF) ds ikl xqgkj yxk;h
iQyr% l'krZ 7 vjc MkWyj dk Í.k feykA
bl Í.k ds lkFk dqN 'krs± Hkkjr ij yknh x;h Fkha tSls mnkjhdj.k] futh {ks=k ds izfrcaèk gVkuk] ljdkjh gLr{ksi
esa deh djuk] fons'kh O;kikj ds izfrcaèkksa dks lekIr djukA Hkkjr }kjk bu 'krks± dks eku fy;k x;k vkSj ûbZ vkfFkZd
uhfr* dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;hA bls ^jko&eueksgu* ekWMy Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
bl ûbZ vkfFkZd uhfr* dh uhfr;ksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS igyk LFkkf;Rodkjh ;k vYidkfyd
mik; ftudk mn~ns'; Hkqxrku larqyu lgh djuk] eqnzkLIQhfr fu;a=k.k djuk Fkk rFkk nwljk lajpukRed ;k nh?kZdkfyd
mik; ftudk mn~ns'; vFkZO;oLFkk dks dq'ky cukuk] fofHkUu {ks=kdksa dh dBksjrk nwj djds varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij izfrLi¼hZ
cukuk Fkk] blds fy;s rhu uhfr;k¡ viuk;h x;ha ftUgsa mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj oS'ohdj.k dgk tkrk gSA
vkfFkZd lqèkkj ,oa mnkjhdj.k

(Economic Reform and Liberalization)
mnkjhdj.k (Liberalization)
vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa ds izfrcaèkksa ,oa fu;euksa esa f'kfFkyrk ykuk gh mnkfjdj.k gSA blesa vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr esa
f'kFkyu] rduhdh mUu;u ds lqèkkjksa dks vkxs c<+k dj vkS|ksfxd {ks=kd] foÙkh; {ks=kd] dj&lqèkkj] fons'kh fofue;
cktkj O;kikj rFkk fuos'k {ks=kd ,d foLrkfjd fd;k x;kA blesa 'kkfey gSa&
vkfFkZd lqèkkj (Economic Reform)

vkS|ksfxd {ks=kd dk fofu;ehdj.k
zzykblsal iz.kkyh esa f'kfFkyrk yk;h x;hA orZeku esa vfuok;Z ykblsal esa ek=k 6 {ks=k tcfd lkoZtfud {ks=kd gsrq ek=k
nks m|ksx gh vkjf{kr gSaA
zzorZeku esa lkoZtfud {ks=k gsrq vkjf{kr pkj m|ksx vL=k&'kL=k ,oa lac¼ mRikn] j{kk ,;jØkÝV ,oa ;q¼iksr] vk.kfod
mQtkZ] jsyos rFkk vfuok;Z ykblsal esa 6 {ks=kksa ,Ydksgy ;qDr is; inkFkZ] flxkj vkSj flxjsV rFkk rackdw ds mRikn
,oa izfrLFkkiu lHkh izdkj ds bysDVªksfuDl ,;jksLisl vkSj j{kk midj.k vkS|ksfxd foLiQksVd ftlesa MsVksusVj] lsÝyh
Ý;wt] xu ikmMj] ukbVªkslsY;wyksl] vkSj ekfpl 'kkfey gSaA
zz[krjukd jlk;u
zzMªXl ,oa iQkekZLiwfVdYl
foÙkh; {ks=kd lqèkkj

Hkkjr esa bl {ks=kd dk fu;a=k.k fjtoZ cSad vkWiQ bafM;k ds ikl gS blesa 'kkfey gSa 'ks;j cktj] fons'kh eqnzk cktkj
cSad O;oLFkk] bl esa lqèkkj }kjk fjtoZ cSad dh Hkwfedk dks fu;a=kd dh ctk; lgk;d ds :i esa yk;h x;h rFkk fons'kh
fuos'k laLFkkvksa] O;kikjh cSadksa] E;wpqvy iaQM] is'ku dks"k esa fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr iznku dh x;hA
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dj O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj
budk rkRi;Z ljdkj ds djkèkku vkSj lkoZtfud O;; uhfr;ksa vFkkZr jktdks"kh; uhfr ls gSaA blds varxZr yxkrkj
dj dh njksa esa deh dh x;h gS vkSj ljyhÑr fd;k x;k gS tSls oLrq ,oa lsokdj (th,lVh) dk ykxw fd;k tkuk
fons'kh fofue; lqèkkj
Hkqxrku larqyu dks lgh djus ds fy;s Hkkjrh; eqnzk dk voewY;u (1991 esa) fd;k x;kA ftlls ns'k esa fons'kh
eqnzk ds vkxeu esa o`f¼ gq;hA vkSj eqnzk ds ewY; fuèkkZj.k dks Hkh cktkj ij NksM+ fn;k x;kA
O;kikj ,oa fuos'k uhfr lqèkkj
zzvk;kr dh lhek rFkk mPp iz'kqYd dks lekIr fd;k x;k D;ksafd blls izfrLi¼kZ ,oa dq'kyrk esa deh vkrh Fkh
,oa blls fofuekZ.k m|ksxksa dh lao`f¼ nj de gq;ha blesa vk;kr ykblsal izfØ;k lekIr dj nh x;h gkyk¡fd Ñf"k
inkFkks± ,oa vkS|ksfxd miHkksDrk inkFkks± ls ek=kkRed izfrcaèk dks lu~ 2001 esa eqDr fd;k x;k rFkk izfrLi¼kZ c<+kus
gsrq fu;kZr 'kqYd dks lekIr dj fn;k x;kA
zzNksVh 'kfDr pkfyr bZdkbZ;ksa ftuds deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k 50 ls de gks vkSj fcuk 'kfDr pkfyr bdkbZ;k ftudh
deZpkjh la[;k 100 ls de gks ds fy;s fdlh ykblsal dh t:jr ughaA
futhdj.k (Privatization)
blls rkRi;Z gS fdlh lkoZtfud miØe ds LokfeRo ;k izcaèku dk ljdkj }kjk R;kx djukA blesa nks rjhds viuk;s
x;s daiuh esa 'ks;j èkkfjrk de djuk rFkk daiuh dks laiw.kZr% csp nsuk vkSj fdlh lkoZtfud m|e }kjk tulkekU; dks
bfDoVh dh fcØh ds ekè;e ls futhdj.k dh izfozQ;k dks fofuos'k dgk tkrk gSA bldk eq[; è;s; foÙkh; vuq'kklu
,oa vkèkqfudhdj.k dks etcwr djuk gksrk gSA
blh futhdj.k ds ,d vyx Lo:i esa lkoZtfud m|eksa dks Lok;Ùkrk iznku dh x;h rFkk egkjRu] uojRu] y?kqjRu ds
:i esa of.kZr dj foÙkh; ,oa izoaèkukRed Lok;Ùkrk iznku dj budks lqèkkjus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 2020–21 foÙkh; o"kZ gsrq fofuos'khdj.k ds }kjk nks yk[k djksM+ ls vfèkd jkf'k tqVkus dk y{;
j[kk x;k gS gkyk¡fd fofuos'k ls izkIr jkf'k dk miØeksa] lkekftd vkèkkfjd lajpuk dks etcwr djus esa mi;ksx djus
dh txg ljdkj ds ctV jktLo ?kkVs dh iwfrZ djus esa yxk;h x;h ftlds dkj.k blds visf{kr ifj.kke izkIr ugha
gq,A
oS'ohdj.k (Globalization)
fdlh vFkZO;oLFkk dk fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk ds lkFk ,dhdj.k gks tkukA mu lHkh uhfr;ksa dk ifj.kke gS] ftudk
mn~ns'; gS fo'o dks ijLij fuHkZj vkSj vfèkd ,dhÑr djukA Hkkjr esa Hkh ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr esa bls viuk;k x;kA blds
izeq[k midj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzcká izki.k (out saursing)&lwpuk Økafr ds ckn bldk O;kid foLrkj gqvk blesa fdlh dk;Z dks vLFkk;h rkSj ij
fu;qDr O;fDr daiuh dks lkSaik tkrk gS pkgs og fdlh vU; ns'k esa gh D;ksa ugha oLrqr% blesa lLrk Je ,oa Jfed
dq'kyrk dks egÙo iznku fd;k tkrk gSA tSls dkWy lsaVj] ys[kkadu] cSad lsok,¡] fpfdRlk lsok,¡ vkfnA Hkkjr ds lLrs
,oa dq'ky Je us Hkkjr dks lqèkkjksa ds ckn fo'oLrjh; cká izki.k dk xarO; LFky cuk fn;k gSA
zzfo'o O;kikj laxBu& O;kikj vkSj lhek'kqYd (xSj) ds ijorhZ laxBu ds :i esa 1995 esa xfBr fo'o O;kikj laxBu
dk è;s; euekus <ax ls O;kikj ekxZ esa ck¡èkk,¡ Mkyus ls jk"Vªksa dks jksduk rFkk lsokvksa ds l`tu ,oa O;kikj dks
izksRlkgu nsuk gS rkfd fo'o ds lalkèkuksa dk dq'kyre mi;ksx gks ldsA blesa oLrqvksa ds lkFk lsokvksa ds fofue;
dks Hkh LFkku fn;k x;k gSA vkSj bl gsrq lHkh lnL; ns'kksa us iz'kqYd vkSj viz'kqYd vojksèkdksa dks gVkdj ,oa vius
cktkj vU;ks gsrq [kksydj leFkZu fn;k gSA
314
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fofuos'k (Disinvestment)
fofuos'k og izfØ;k gS] ftlosQ }kjk ljdkj lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dk foØ; futh {ks=k dks
;k vke turk dks djrh gSA fofuos'k foHkkx dh LFkkiuk 10 fnlacj] 1999 dks ,d vyx foHkkx osQ :i esa dh xbZ
Fkh vkSj 06 flracj] 2001 dks bldk uke cnydj fofuos'k ea=kky; dj fn;k x;k FkkA 27 ebZ] 2004 ls fofuos'k
foHkkx foÙk ea=kky; osQ vèkhu ,d foHkkx FkkA 14 vizSy] 2016 ls fofuos'k foHkkx dk uke cnydj fuos'k vkSj yksd
ifjlaifÙk izcaèku foHkkx (Department of Investment and Public Asset Management) dj fn;k x;k gSA
fofuos'k osQ izdkj (Types of disinvestment)

lkaosQfrd fofuos'k (Token disinvestment)
Hkkjr esa fofuos'k dh 'kq#vkr lkaosQfrd fofuos'k osQ lkFk gqbZA blesa ljdkj dh uhfr ;g Fkh fd lkoZtfud {ks=k
osQ miØeksa dk ,d cgqr NksVk&lk Hkkx gh foØ; fd;k tk, ,oa lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ miØeksa ij ljdkjh fu;a=k.k cuk,
j[kk tk,A lkaosQfrd fofuos'k osQ varxZr 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 49% rd 'ks;jksa dk foØ; fd;k tkrk FkkA
lkefjd fofuos'k (Strategic disinvestment)
lkefjd fofuos'k] fofuos'k dh ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS] ftlosQ }kjk lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa futh {ks=k osQ fu;a=k.k
dks c<+k;k tkrk gSA lkefjd fofuos'k esa ljdkj lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ vfèkdka'k Hkkx (yxHkx 74%) dk futh {ks=k dks
foØ; dj nsrh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ m|eksa dks lkefjd rFkk xSj&lkefjd m|eksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k gSA
ljdkj us ekpZ 1999 esa fu.kZ; fd;k fd xSj&lkefjd m|eksa esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dks ?kVkdj 26 izfr'kr ;k mlls Hkh
de dj nsxhA ;fn vko';d gqvk rks lkefjd m|eksa esa (vFkkZr~ vL=k&'kL=k ,oa ;q¼ ls lacafèkr midj.k] ijek.kq ÅtkZ
o lac¼ fØ;k,¡ rFkk jsy) ljdkj viuh vfèkdka'k lk>snkjh dks dk;e j[ksxhA
o"kZ y{; (` djksM+) miyfCèk (` djksM+)
2018–19 80,000 84,972.16
2019–20 1,05,000 34845
2020–21 2,10,000 blesa ls 90,000 lkoZtfud
{ks=kd cSadksa ds 'ks;j fcØh (eq[;r%
LIC vkSj IDBI vkSj 1,20,000 dsafnz;
lkoZtfud {ks=kd miØeksa esa)
jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k (National investment fund)

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk uoacj 2005 esa jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k dk xBu fd;k x;k ,oa osaQæh; ljdkjh {ks=k osQ m|eksa osQ
fofuos'k ls izkIr èkujkf'k jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k esa tek djokus dk izkoèkku fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k dk laxzg LFkk;h
izÑfr dk Fkk vkSj bldh izcaèk O;oLFkk is'ksoj rjhosQ ls dh tkuh Fkh] rkfd laxzg dks de fd;s fcuk ljdkj dks LFkk;h
vk; izkIr gks ldsA ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k ls gksus okyh 75 izfr'kr vk; dk mi;ksx lkekftd {ks=k dh
pqfuank Ldheksa] tks f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj jks”kxkj dks c<+kok ns] ds foÙkiks"k.k osQ fy;s fd;k tkuk Fkk rFkk 'ks"k 25 izfr'kr
vk; dk mi;ksx ykHkizn rFkk iqu#¼kj ;ksX; ljdkjh {ks=k osQ m|eksa esa iawth fuos'k osQ fy;s fd;k tkuk FkkA
jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k dks fofuos'k uhfr osQ vuq:i cukus osQ mn~ns'; ls ljdkj us (tuojh 2013 ls) fu.kZ; fy;k
fd foÙk o"kZ 2013-14 ls fofuos'k ls izkIr èkujkf'k jk"Vªh; fuos'k dks"k esa tek djkbZ tk,xh] tks ljdkjh ys[ks osQ vèkhu
,d yksd ys[kk gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jk"Vªh; fuos'k ,oa volajpuk fufèk (National investment and infrastructure fund)
Hkkjr ljdkj us can iM+h ifj;kstkvksa lesr xzhuiQhYM vkSj czkmQuiQhYM nksuksa gh okf.kfT;d :i ls O;ogk;Z ifj;kstukvksa
esa cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds ekè;e ls eq[; :i ls vkfFkZd izHkko dks vfèkdre cukus ds n`f"Vdks.k ls jk"Vªh; fuos'k ,oa
volajpuk fufèk (NIIF) dk l`tu fd;kA bldk mn~ns'; ?kjsyw vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; nksuksa gh lzksrksa ls fuos'k dks vkdZf"kr djuk
gS] rkfd cqfu;knh <k¡ps dk fodkl gksA
jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k ”kksu (National investment and manufacturing zone)
fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh o`f¼ nj dks rhoz xfr ls c<+kus osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k ”kksu ,d egÙoiw.kZ vL=k
gSA fofuekZ.k m|ksx gsrq lgk;d okrkoj.k iznku djus osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k ”kksu esa vR;kèkqfud volajpuk
okys ,dhÑr vkS|ksfxd Vkmuf'ki] ”kksfuax osQ vkèkkj ij Hkwfe mi;ksx] LoPN ,oa ÅtkZ n{k izkS|ksfxdh] vko';d lkekftd
volajpuk] dkS'ky fodkl lqfoèkkvksa vkfn dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k ”kksu dks Lo'kklh ,oa
Lok;Ùk fudk; osQ :i esa dk;Z djus osQ fy;s l{ke cukus gsrq bls jkT; ljdkj }kjk lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 243 Fk (1)
(x) osQ rgr vkS|ksfxd Vkmuf'ki osQ :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks=k vkdkj] volajpuk]
vk;kstu osQ Lrj] fofu;ked izfØ;kvksa ls lacafèkr vfèk'kklh <k¡ps] cfgxZeu uhfr;ksa] foÙkh; izksRlkguksa dh n`f"V ls fo'ks"k
vk£Fkd {ks=k ls vyx gSA jkT;ksa ls jk"Vªh; fuos'k rFkk fofuekZ.k ”kksuksa dh LFkkiuk osQ fy;s Hkwfe cSadksa dh igpku djus
rFkk jkT; Lrjh; O;kikj fofu;eksa osQ ;qfDrdj.k rFkk ljyhdj.k dh izfØ;k 'kq: djus dk vuqjksèk fd;k x;k gSA
fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj ifj;kstuk osQ lkFk vkB fuos'k {ks=kksa dk jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks=k osQ rkSj
ij vuqeksnu fd;k x;k gS] ftudk C;ksjk fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls gS&
zzvgenkckn&èkkSysjk fuos'k {ks=k] xqtjkr
zzihreiqj&èkkj&egw fuos'k {ks=k] eè; izns'k
zz'ksaæk&fcMdhu vkS|ksfxd ikdZ flVh] vkSjaxkckn egkjk"Vª osQ lehi
zzfn?kh canjxkg vkS|ksfxd {ks=k] egkjk"Vª
zzekuslj&ckoy fuos'k {ks=k] gfj;k.kk
zz[kq'k[ksM+k&fHkokM+h&uhejk.kk fuos'k {ks=k] jktLFkku
zztksèkiqj&ikyh&ekjokM+ {ks=k] jktLFkku
zznknjh&uks,Mk&xkf”k;kckn fuos'k {ks=k] mÙkj izns'k
fnYyh&eaqcbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs {ks=k osQ ckgj 14 jk"Vªh; fuos'k vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks=kksa osQ fy;s Hkh fl¼karr% vuqeksnu
iznku fd;k x;k gSA
fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk (Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor)
fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk ifj;kstuk 2006 esa Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk tkiku ljdkj osQ chp gLrk{kfjr le>kSrk
Kkiu osQ vuqlj.k esa 'kq: dh xbZA fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk dks nknjh (m-iz-) vkSj tokgjyky usg: iru U;kl
(uoh eqacbZ) osQ chp 1504 fdyksehVj yacs osLVuZ MsfMosQfVM jsy iszQV dkWfjMksj dh lhèk esa nksuksa vksj fodflr fd;k
tk jgk gSA ;g ifj;kstuk LFkkuh; okf.kT; oQks lfØ; djus] fuos'k c<+kus vkSj lrr~ fodkl gkfly djus osQ fy;s oSf'od
:i ls izfrLièkhZ okrkoj.k rFkk vR;kèkqfud volajpuk ls ;qDr e”kcwr vk£Fkd vkèkkj cukus osQ fy;s gSA bl ifj;kstuk
esa 6 jkT; mÙkj izns'k] gfj;k.kk] eè; izns'k] jktLFkku] xqtjkr rFkk egkjk"Vª 'kkfey gSaA fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj
osQ leku gh Hkkjr osQ vU; 'kgjksa dks Hkh tksM+us dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls O;kikj vkSj okf.kT; dks c<+kok fey
losQA ns'k ds izeq[k 'kgjksa dks tksM+us okys ;s dkWfjMksj gSa&

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzpsUubZ&caxyq# vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj
zzve`rlj&dksydkrk vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj
zzcaxyq#&eqacbZ vk£Fkd dkWfjMksj
zzfo”kkx&psUubZ vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj
lw{e] y?kq o eè;e m|ksx (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises)

lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|e vfèkfu;e] 2006 (izHkkoh frfFk&vDVwcj 2006) ds varxZr lw{e] y?kq vkSj eè;e
m|eksa dks fofuekZ.k ,oa lsok m|eksa ds :i eas oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS] tks fuEukafdr gSa&
lekIr ekunaM % lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx
oxhZdj.k fofuekZ.k m|e lsok m|e
lw{e ` 25 yk[k rd ` 10 yk[k rd
y?kq ` 25 yk[k ls vfèkd vkSj ` 5 djksM+ rd ` 10 yk[k ls vfèkd vkSj ` 2 djksM+ rd
eè;e ` 5 djksM+ ls vfèkd vkSj ` 10 djksM+ rd ` 2 djksM+ ls vfèkd vkSj ` 5 djksM+ rd
izèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh ds êsd bu bafM;k* dk;ZØe dks liQy cukus ds fy;s lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|eksa gsrq
` 20,000 djksM+ dh ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk 25 flracj] 2014 dks dh xbZA
bl ;kstuk ds izeq[k fcanq fuEukafdr gSa&
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr lwjr esa VsDlVkby] caxyq# esa e'khu VwYl rFkk iatkc esa vkWVks gsrq fo'ks"k dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk dh
xbZ gSA
zzblds igys pj.k dk dk;Zdky <kbZ o"kks± dk FkkA
zzigys pj.k esa ` 930 djksM+ ls
u, ekunaM % fuos'k okf"kZd VuZvksoj
fof'k"VhÑr iz k S | ks f xfd;ks a dk oxhZdj.k fofuekZ.k m|e ,oa lsok m|e
fodkl djus dh ;kstukA lw{e (Micro) fuos'k ` 1 djksM+ rd vkSj VuZvksoj ` 5 djksM+ rd
zzlw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksxksa ds y?kq (Small) fuos'k ` 10 djksM+ rd vkSj VuZvksoj ` 50 djksM+ rd
oxhZdj.k dk u;k vkèkkj vFkkZr~ eè;e (Medium) fuos'k ` 50 djksM+ rd vkSj VuZvksoj ` 250 djksM+ rd
la'kksfèkr oxhZdj.k (1 tqykb]
2020 esa ykxw)A
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud m|e % egkjRu] uojRu ,oa feuhjRu

(Public Enterprises in India– Maharatna, Navaratna and Miniratna)
lkoZtfud m|e (Public enterprises)
,sls vkfFkZd o vkS|ksfxd m|e ftudk LokfeRo ,oa fu;a=k.k jkT; ;k ljdkj ds vèkhu gks] lkoZtfud m|e
dgykrs gSaA Hkkjr eas Lora=krk ds i'pkr~ fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k] tks lektoknh ekWMy ij vkèkkfjr gSA
oLrqr% lkoZtfud m|e dk mn~ns'; lkekftd vkSj lkoZtfud fgr dks c<+kok nsuk gS u fd ykHk vtZu djukA
Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud {ks=k ds m|e dks eq[;r% rhu Hkkxksa eas foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS&
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lkoZtfud m|e
foHkkxh; laxBu daiuh vfèkfu;e fuxfer daiuh

1956 vFkok yksd fuxe
jsyos] nwjlapkj] Mkdrkj
lsy] Hksy vks-,u-th-lh-] Mh-oh-lh-] ,u-Vh-ih-lh-
buds ykHk ,oa gkfu;k¡
lafpr fufèk ls lacafèkr gSaA ;s ykHk ,oa gkfu;ksa ds bueas izR;sd daiuh ds fy;s vyx&
fy;s Lo;a mÙkjnk;h gSaA vyx dkuwu gSaA
ykHk ,oa gkfu ds fy;s Lo;a mÙkjnk;h gSaA

egkjRu] uojRu ,oa feuhjRu
egkjRu uojRu feuhjRu Js.kh–I feuhjRu Js.kh–II
zzoaQiuh dk okf"kZd usV zzfdlh lkoZtfud {ks=k dh daiuh dks zz,slh daiuh ftlus zzblesa yxkrkj 3
izkWfiQV rhu o"kks± rd uojRu dk ntkZ izkIr djus ds fy;s dqy fdlh ,d o"kZ esa o"kks ± rd ykHk
` 5000 djks M + ls 100 eas ls 60 vad izkIr djus gksrs gSaA ` 30 djks M + ls vtZu djus okyh
vfèkd gksuk pkfg;sA ;s vad N% ekinaMksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr gksrs vfèkd ykHk ds daifu;ksa dks j[kk
zzrhu o"kks± rd mldk gSa] ;s gSa& lkFk yxkrkj rhu tkrk gSA
vkSlr okf"kZd fuoy 1. dqy ifjlaifÙk dh rqyuk esa fo'kq¼ equkiQkA o"kks± rd equkiQk zz;s daifu;k¡ vius
ewY; (usVoFkZ) vkSlru 2. dqy mRiknu ykxr o lsok ykxr dh dek;k gksA 'kq¼ ewY; ds
` 15,000 djksM+ ls rqyuk eas dqy Je'kfDr ykxrA zz;s daifu;k¡ `500 50% vFkok
vfèkd jgk gksA 3. iwath fu;ksT; dh rqyuk eas ewY; ßkl djks M + ;k vius ` 150 djksM+
zzfiNys rhu o"kks± eas daiuh ls iwoZ ykHk] C;kt o djA 'kq¼ ewY; ds cjkcj fcuk ljdkj dh
dk vkSlr lkykuk VuZ 4. VuZvksoj dh rqyuk eas ewY; ßkl ls iwoZ jkf'k fcuk ljdkj vuqefr ds O;;
vksoj 25,000 djksM+ ykHk] C;kt o djA dh vuqefr ds O;; dj ldrh gSaA
ls vfèkd gksuk pkfg;sA 5. var{ksZ=kd izn'kZuA dj ldrh gSaA
zzoaQiuh osQ ikl uojRu 6. izfr 'ks;j vtZuA
dk ntkZ gksA
egkjRu ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr o"kZ fiNys 3 o"kks± esa vkSlr
2009 ls dh xbZ FkhA bldk mn~ns'; gS] cM+s vkdkj
fiNys 3 o"kks± esa vkSlr
Vªuvksoj ` 25000 djksM+ usVoFkZ ` 15000
ds uojRu m|eksa dk lapkyu ?kjsyw ck”kkj ds lkFk gh
oSf'od ck”kkj eas Hkh gks ldsA orZeku esa budh la[;k
10 gSA fiNys 3 o"kks± esa vkSlr
'ks;j cktkj esa egkjRu
uojRu ;kstuk% uojRu lkoZtfud m|eksa dk ,d lwfpc¼ gSA usVoFkZ ` 5000 djksM+A
fof'k"V oxZ gS] ftleas ljdkj Xykscy daiuh gksus dh uojRu dk ntkZ izkIr
laHkkO; {kerk ns[krh gSA ljdkj us uojRu ;kstuk dk gksA
izkjaHk o"kZ 1997 eas fd;kA orZeku esa budh la[;k 14 gSA cgq j k"Vª h ; da i uh cukus
dh {kerk gSA
318
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
feuhjRu ;kstuk% ljdkj us o"kZ 1997 esa feuhjRu ;kstuk izkjaHk dh FkhA ljdkj us uojRu ds vfrfjDr ykHk vtZu
dj jgs vU; m|eksa dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy;s dqN 'krks± ds lkFk bUgsa foÙkh;] lapkyu ,oa izcaèku lacaèkh Lok;Ùkrk iznku
dh gSA orZeku eas budh la[;k 74 gSA
ns'k dh egkjRu ,oa uojRu daifu;k¡
zzHkkjr gSoh bysfDVªDl fyfeVsM (BHEL)
zzHkkjr isVªksfy;e dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM (BPCL)
zzdksy bafM;k fyfeVsM (CIL)
zzxsy bafM;k fyhfeVsM (GAIL)
zzfgaqnqLrku isVªksfy;e dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM (HPCL)
zzbafM;u vkW;y dkjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM (IOCL)
zzjk"Vªh; rki fo|qr fuxe (NTPC)
zzrsy ,oa izkÑfr xSl fuxe (ONGC)
zzikoj xzhM dkWisfj'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM
zzHkkjrh; bLikr izkfèkdj.k fyfeVsM
uojRu&14
zzHkkjr bysDVªkWfu;e fyfeVsM (BEL)
zzdaVsuj dkiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (CONCOR)
zzfganqLrku ,;jksukWfVDl fy- (HAL)
zzbathfu;fjax bfM;k fyfeVsM (EIL)
zzegkuxj VsyhiQksu fuxe fyfeVsM (MTNL)
zzus'kuy ,Y;wfefu;e daiuh fy- (NALCO)
zzus'kuy fcfYMax daLVªD'ku dkWiksjsZ'ku fyfeVsM (NBCCL)
zzjk"Vªh; [kfut fodkl fuxe (NMDC)
zzuosyh fyXukbV dkWiksjsZ'ku fyfeVsM (NLC)
zzvkW;y bafM;k fyfeVsM (OIL)
zzikoj iQkbusal dkWiksjs'ku fyfeVsM (PFCL)
zzjk"Vªh; bLikr fuxe fyfeVsM (RINL)
zzxzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k fuxe fyfeVsM (RECL)
zzf'kfiax dkWisfj'ku vkWiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM (SCIL)
feuhjRu
Js.kh I – dqy 62– egÙoiw.kZ gS& ,;jiksVZ vFkkWfjVh vkWiQ bafM;k] ,UVªhDl dkWiksZjs'ku fyfeVsM] BSNL, dksfpu f'ki;kMZ vkfnA
Js.kh&II dqy – 12 egÙoiw.kZ gS& MECON fyfeVsM] jktLFkku bysDVªkWfuDl ,oa baLVwesaVl] fyfeVsM+ vkfnA
uojRu gsrq ;ksX;rk
zzfefujRu Js.kh&I esa gksA
zzfiNys 5 lkyksa esa de ls de 3 o"kZ mRÑ"V ;k cgqr vPNk jsfVax ik;h gksA
zzfuEufyf[kr ekunaMksa esa de ls de 60 Ldksj ik;k gks&
izfr 'ks;j dekbZA
mRikn vkSj ekuoJe (Man Power) vuqikrA

319
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
iwathvuqikr esa ßkl] C;kt] dj iwoZ ykHkA
varj{ks=kh; fu"iknu (Intersecotral Performance)
fuoy ewY; vkSj fuoy ykHk vuqikrA
foØ; vuqikr esa ál] C;kt] dj ls iwoZ ykHkA
uojRu ds ykHk
zzfØ;kRed ,oa foÙkh; Lok;ÙkrkA
zzfuoy laiÙkh dk 30% ;k ` 1000 djksM+ ;k ,d ifj;kstuk esa fuoy ewY; dk 15% rd O;; dh Lok;ÙkrkA
zzfuth {ks=k ls lg;ksx dh Lok;ÙkrkA
egkjRu ds ykHk
zzfØ;kRed ,oa foÙkh; Lok;rrk T;knkA
zzfuoy ewY; (lerk va'k + fjtoZ) ds 50% rd fofu;ksx dk vfèkdkjA
zzfdlh ,d ifj;kstuk esa ` 5000 djksM+ ;k fuoy ewY; dk 25% tks Hkh de gks] fcuk ljdkj dh vuqefr ds fofu;ksx
dk vfèkdkjA
zzfuth {ks=k ds lkFk la;qDr m|e dh Lok;ÙkrkA
zzfeuhjRu 1997 esa 'kq: fd;k x;k blesa yxkrkj y kHk dek jgh daifu;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA budks 2 Hkkxksa
Js.kh vkSj Js.kh&II esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gSaA orZeku esa 74 m|ku blesa 'kkfey gSA
zzfeuhjRu I& og m|e ftlus fiNys 3 o"kZ yxkrkj ykHk dek;k gks vkSj fdlh ,d lky esa ` 30 djksM+ ls T;knk
dk 'kq¼ ykHk dek;k gksA orZeku esa (ekpZ 2020) budh la[;k 62 gSA
ykHk
zz` 500 djksM+;k vius 'kq¼ ewY; ds cjkcj (tks Hkh de gks) iSlk fcuk ljdkj dh vuqefr ds [kpZ dh Lok;ÙkrkA
zzfeuhjRu II– yxkrkj rhu o"kks± ls ykHk dekus okyh daiuh@m|e gSA orZeku esa blesa 12 m|e 'kkfey gSaA
ykHk
` 150 djksM+ ;k vius 'kq¼ ewY: dk 50% tks Hkh de gks ds O;; dh Lok;ÙkrkA
fo'ks"k vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs

fnYyh&eqacbZ vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk
Hkkjr&tkiku fo'ks"k vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh esa vko';d <k¡pk fodflr djus rFkk fuos'k dks c<+kok nsus ds mn~ns'; ls
bl xfy;kjs dks LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
psUubZ&caxyq# vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk
o"kZ 2011 eas Hkkjr&tkiku f'k[kj okrkZ ds nkSjku nksuksa ns'kksa ds izèkkueaf=k;ksa us psUubZ&caxyq# vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjs
dks fodflr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k FkkA bl xfy;kjs dk foLrkj vkaèkz izns'k] rfeyukMq vkSj dukZVd rd gSA
caxyq#&eqacbZ vkfFkZd xfy;kjk
iQjojh 2013 esa Hkkjr vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe ds eè; bl xfy;kjs ij lgefr cuhA bl xfy;kjs dks varjkZ"Vªh;
ekudksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA
ve`rlj&fnYyh&dksydkrk vkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk
bl xfy;kjs esa varnsZ'kh; ty iz.kkyh fodflr dh tk jgh gS] ftlls bykgkckn ls ysdj gfYn;k rd jk"Vªh;
tyekxZ&1 fodflr fd;k tk,xkA bl xfy;kjs ds ekè;e ls mÙkjh vkSj iwohZ jkT;ksa esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks rhoz djus
esa lgk;rk feysxhA
320
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr eas m|ksx (Industry in India)
Hkkjr esa m|ksxksa dk LFkkuh;dj.k dbZ HkkSxksfyd dkjdksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ,sls esa m|ksxksa osQ fy;s dPps eky dh
miyCèkrk] ifjogu osQ lkèku] lLrk ,oa oqQ'ky Je ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgrk gSA tgk¡ ;s dkjd laHko
gSa ogk¡ vkS|ksxhdj.k ij ldkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gSA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk esa lgk;d m|ksx vFkkZr~ dksj m|ksx@{ks=kd ftlesa 8 {ks=kd 'kkfey gSa& fo|qr]
bLikr] izlaLÑr mRikn] dPpk rsy] dks;yk] flesaV] izkÑfrd xSl vkSj moZjdA budk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad esa
Hkkjka'k 40.27 izfr'kr (tuojh 2020 rd) gSA fofHkUu m|ksxksa dk foLrkj ls o.kZu fuEufyf[kr gS&
diM+k m|ksx (Cloth industry)

diM+k m|ksx
zzdqy fu;kZr (2017–18) $ 39 vjc] vizSy 2019 – iQjojh 2020–14370 feyh;u MkWyj 2020–21 esa $ 82 vjc
vuqekfurA
zzdqy cktkj& 2017–18 –150 vjcA
zzGDP esa Hkkxnkjh&2 izfr'krA
zzjkstxkj&45 fefy;u] Ñf"k ds ckn lokZfèkdA
zzdqy fu;kZr ls izkIrvk; esa Hkkxhnkjh 2018–19–15 izfr'krA
zzFDI (2000–2019 twu) – $3.19 vjc – 100% FDI vkVks esfVd :V lsA
zzljdkj ds iz;kl&SITP(Ldhe iQkWj baVhxzsVsM VsDl Vkby ikdZ) $ 184.98 feyhiu vkSj TUFS (VsDuksykWth vixzsMs'ku
iaQM Ldhe&$ 216.25 feyh;u dk fuos'k 2017 esa rkfd dkexkjksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k tk ldsA)
zzHkkjr esa izFke vkèkqfud lwrh diM+k fey o"kZ 1818 esa dksydkrk (dydÙkk) ds fudV iQksVZ XyksLVj eas yxkbZ xbZ
Fkh] foaQrq ;g fey y{; izkfIr eas liQy u gqbZ] f}rh; fey cacbZ fLifuax ,aM ohfoax daiuh o"kZ 1854 esa cacbZ
(eqacbZ) eas dokl th-,u- Mkcj }kjk LFkkfir dh xbZ] ftlus Hkkjr ds vkèkqfud lwrh diM+k m|ksx dh uhao j[khA
zzo"kZ 1947 esa ns'k ds foHkktu us lwrh oL=k m|ksx ij udkjkRed izHkko MkykA 13 vxLr] 1947 dks Hkkjr esa 394
lwrh oL=k dkj[kkus Fks] ysfdu 14 vxLr] 1947 dks 14 feyksa ds ikfdLrku eas pys tkus ls Hkkjr eas 15 vxLr]
1947 dks 380 feysa jg xbZ FkhaA
zzlwrh@Ñf=ke èkkxksa dh vfèkdka'k dkj[kkus egkjk"Vª] rfeyukMq vkSj xqtjkr esa gSaA oL=k m|ksx mRiknu eas egkjk"Vª izFke
LFkku ij gS tcfd lokZfèkd dkj[kkus rfeyukMq esa gSaA
ykSg ,oa bLikr m|ksx (Iron and steel industry)

varjkZ"Vªh; LVsuysl LVhy iQksje vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2019 esa phu ds ckn Hkkjr fo'o dk nwljk lcls cM+k
bLikr mRiknd ns'k gSA Hkkjr esa mRiknu lu~ 2019 esa 111.2 (MT) (fefy;u Vu) jgk tks phu (996.3 MT) ds ckn
nwljk lokZfèkd gS rhljs LFkku ij tkiku gSA fo'o ds dqy LVhy mRiknu esa phu dk fgLlk 53.3 izfr'kr gS tcfd
Hkkjr dk fgLlk 5.9 izfr'kr gS tcfd ;wjksih;u ;wfu;u dk fgLlk 8.5 izfr'kr (dqy 28 ns'kksa dk gSA)
Hkkjr eas yksgk ,oa bLikr m|ksx dk vkjaHk o"kZ 1870 esa gqvk FkkA Hkkjr ds dqN izeq[k m|ksx fuEufyf[kr gSa&
321
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
m|ksx LFkkiuk LFkku
1. caxky vk;ju oDlZ daiuh fczfV'k laLFkk }kjk
1870 >fj;k ds fudV dqYVh uked LFkku (if'pe caxky)
[kksyh xbZ ysfdu vliQy jghA
2. VkVk vk;ju ,aM LVhy daiuh (TISCO) 1907 flagHkwe f”kyk te'ksniqj (>kj[kaM)
3. bafM;u vk;ju ,oa LVhy daiuh (IISCO) 1918 cuZiqj (if'pe caxky)
4. fo'os'ojS;k vk;ju ,aM LVhy daiuh 1923 Hknzkorh (dukZVd)
lhesaV m|ksx (Cement industry)

zzHkkjrh; lheasV m|ksx u dsoy mRiknu ykSg ,oa bLikr ds izeq[k mRiknd
ds Lrj ij fo'o esa nwljk LFkku j[krk zznqxkZiqj ,dhÑr bLikr la;a=k] nqxkZiqj (i- caxky)
gS cfYd fo'oLrjh; xq.koÙkk dk lhesaV zzjkmjdsyk ,dhÑr bLikr la;a=k] jkmjdsyk (vksfM'kk)
mRikfnr djrk gSA Hkkjr esa 2019 ds var zzfHkykbZ ,dhÑr bLikr la;a=k] fHkykbZ (NÙkhlx<+)
rd 145 flesaV daifu;k dk;Zjr gSaA zzcksdkjks ,dhÑr bLikr la;a=k] cksdkjks (>kj[kaM)
zzbafM;u vk;ju ,aM LVhy daiuh] cuZiqj (i- caxky)
ftlesa ls lokZfèkd eè; izns'k esa 23 gS
zzfo'ks"k vkSj feJ bLikr rFkk ykSg feJ dkj[kkuk] nqxkZiqj (i- caxky)
tcfd jktLFkku esa 15 IykaVl flesaV ds
zzfo'ks"k vkSj feJ bLikr rFkk ykSg feJ dkj[kkuk] lsye (rfeyukMq)
gSa (iQjojh 2019 rd)A
zzegkjk"Vª bysDVªks Lyse fy- paæiqj (egkjk"Vª)
zzlhesaV m|ksx us VsDuksykWth ds fodkl
zzfo'os'ojS;k vk;ju ,aM LVhy daiuh] Hkækorh (dukZVd)
vkSj vkèkqfudhdj.k ds lkFk iw.kZ leUo; zzVkVk vk;ju ,aM LVhy daiuh (fVLdks)] te'ksniqj (futh {ks=k)
LFkkfir fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; lhesaV us zzjk"Vªh; bLikr fuxe fy- (RINL) (lkoZtfud {ks=k)
ckaXYkkns'k] baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k] usiky] zzfo'kk[kkiÙkue~ bLikr la;a=k] fo'kk[kkiÙkue~ (vkaèkz izns'k)
eè;&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa] E;k¡ekj] vÚhdk
vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds ck”kkj esa viuh igq¡p cuk yh gSA
zzeè; izns'k eas lruk] dVuh] tcyiqj ,oa jryke esa lhesaV m|ksx LFkkfir gSaA 2019 esa phu 2200 fefy;u fefVªd
Vu mRiknu ds lkFk izFke rks Hkkjr 320 fefy;u fefVªd Vu mRiknu ds lkFk nwljs LFkku ij jgkA
phuh m|ksx (Sugar industry)

zzphuh m|ksx Ñf"k ij vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa esa ls ,d gSA Ñf"k vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa esa lwrh oL=k m|ksx ds ckn phuh m|ksx
f}rh; o`gÙke m|ksx gSA
zzHkkjr esa 1950 –51 esa 138 phuh feys dk;Zjr Fkha tks 15 tuojh 2020 rd c<+dj 440 gks x;ha rFkk budk mRiknu
108.85 yk[k Vu phuh jgk tks 15 tuojh 2019 dh fjiksVZ esa of.kZr 511 phuh feyksa rFkk 147.4 yk[k Vu mRiknu
ls de jgk gSA
zzfo'o esa 2019&20 esa phuh mRiknu esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj ;g 174 fefy;u Vu gks x;k gS ftlesa lokZfèkd czk”khy
(29.4 MT) ds ckn Hkkjr (29.3 MT) jgkA tcfd Hkkjr esa phuh dk miHkksx Lrj c<+ (28.5 MT) dj gks x;h gSA
rhljs ,oa pkSFks LFkku ij ;wjksih;u ;wfu;u vkSj FkkbySaM gSA (lzksr USDA)
zzHkkjr esa phuh m|ksx nwljk lcls cM+k Ñf"k m|ksx gSA
zzmÙkj izns'k egkjk"Vª] dukZVd dk dqy mRiknu esa yxHkx 80 izfr'kr fgLlk gSA
zzlokZfèkd mRiknu (15 ebZ 2019) mÙkj izns'k (11.68 MT) egkjk"Vª (10.72 MT) dukZVd (4.33 MT)A

322
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktLFkku dh izFke fey 1932 esa LFkkfir fpÙkkSM+x<+ esa ^nh esokM+ 'kqxj feYl* FkhA jktLFkku dk Hkkjr ds dqy phuh
mRiknu esa fgLlk yxHkx 1 izfr'kr gSA
zzHkkjr fo'o eas czk”khy ds ckn phuh mRiknu djus okyk nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gS] tcfd phuh dh [kir esa bldk
igyk LFkku gSA orZeku esa ns'k eas phuh mRiknu esa igyk LFkku mÙkj izns'k (2016) dk gS vkSj ns'k esa phuh feyksa
dh lokZfèkd la[;k egkjk"Vª esa gSA
dks;yk m|ksx (Coal industry)

Hkkjrh; dks;yk m|ksx ,d vkèkkjHkwr m|ksx gS ftl ij vU; m|ksxksa dk fodkl fuHkZj djrk gSA [kkM+h ladV ds
ckn ls bldk egÙo vkSj c<+ x;k gSA orZeku le; esa 'kfDr ds lkèku ds :i esa gekjs ns'k esa dks;ys dk iz;ksx dks;yk
m|ksx ds egÙo dk ifjpk;d gSA ogha dqy dks;yk mRiknu esa xSj&dksfdax dksy dk Hkkx yxHkx 92% gSA
zzHkkjr esa dks;yk ls izkIr mQtkZ dqy mQtkZ dk vkèkk fgLlk j[krh gSA
zzHkkjr dk dks;yk HkaMkj esa USA :l] vkWLVªsfy;k ds ckn pkSFkk LFkku tcfd mRiknu esa phu ds ckn nwljk (727
fefy;u Vu) gSA
zzfyXukbV dks;yk ds HkaMkj esa jktLFkku nwljk (rfeyukMq izFke) LFkku tcfd mRiknu esa rhljk LFkku j[krk gSA (Hkkjr
dks;yk lalkèku 2018 fjiksVZ)
Hkkjr esa mQtkZ mRiknu ds lzksr&29–02–2020 rd
b±èku dqy mQtkZ esa Hkkxhnkjh (» esa) mRiknu (MW)
dqy rkih;@FkeZy 62.8 2,30,701
dks;yk 54.2 1,98,495
fyXukbV 1.7 6760
xSl 6.9 24,937
Mhty – 510
2 – ty (iqu% uohdj.kh;) – 45,699
3 – ukfHkdh; – 6,780
4– RES (iqu%uohdj.kh; lzksr) ftlesa – 86,759
[ks r h ty fo|q r ck;ks e kl
xSlhiQk;j vkSj ikoj] dpjs ls
mQtkZ] lkSj mQtkZ] iou mQtkZ
'kkfeyA
lzksr% Powermin.nic.in C
js'ke m|ksx (Silk industry)

izkphudky ls gh js'ke Hkkjr dk izeq[k m|ksx jgk gSA Hkkjr fo'o dk ,dek=k ns'k gS tgk¡ js'ke ds pkjksa izdkjksa
(eyojh] bZjh] n'kj vkSj eawxk) dk mRiknu gksrk gSA blls 76 yk[k ls vfèkd jkstxkj feyrk gSA Hkkjr ls yxHkx 360
fefy;u MkWyj dk js'ke mRikn fu;kZr gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ds dqy js'ke mRiknu esa 'kgrwr@eyojh dk fgLlk lokZfèkd (yxHkx
70 izfr'kr) gSA Hkkjr dk dqy oSf'od js'ke mRiknu esa fgLlk yxHkx 22 izfr'kr gSA jktLFkku dk iVksyk js'ke oL=k
dkiQh izfl¼ gS vkSj jktLFkku eas 'kgrwr js'ke dk mRiknu lhfer ij gksrk gSA
fo'o esa js'ke dk izpyu loZizFke phu ls izkjaHk gqvkA phu ds ckn Hkkjr js'ke mRIkknu djus okyk nwljk lcls
cM+k ns'k gSA js'ke mRiknu eas Hkkjr ds eq[;r% 5 jkT;&dukZVd] vkaèkz izns'k] rfeyukMq] if'pe caxky rFkk tEew&d'ehj
vxz.kh gSaA
323
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ns'k ds dqy js'ke mRiknu dk vkèks ls vfèkd vdsys dukZVd esa gh mRIkkfnr gksrk gSA ubZ fdLe ds js'keksa dk
lokZfèkd mRiknu ef.kiqj ,oa tEew&d'ehj ds iBkjh {ks=kksa eas fd;k tkrk gSA
dkx”k m|ksx (Paper industry)

zzdkx”k dk fuekZ.k loZizFke phu esa fd;k x;k FkkA
zzHkkjr esa dkx”k dk izFke vkèkqfud dkj[kkuk o"kZ 1832 esa if'pe caxky
ds Jhjkeiqj esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA dkx”k mRiknd 'kh"kZ rhu jkT;
zzHkkjr esa loZizFke dkx”k m|ksx dk liQyre dkj[kkuk o"kZ 1867 esa
jkT; mRiknu (%) esa
dksydkrk osQ ckyhxat esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA zzvkaèkz izns'k 18.0
zzfo'o esa 'kh"kZ rhu dkx”k mRIkknd ns'k Øe'k% phu] ;w-,l-,- ,oa tkiku zzegkjk"Vª 13.0
gSaA zzi- caxky 10.5
zzfo'o esa dkx”k mRiknd ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 15ok¡ gSA
zzdkx”k ds lokZfèkd dkj[kkus egkjk"Vª esa gSaA
Hkkjr esa loZizFke m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk] le; ,oa LFkku
zzeè; izns'k osQ gks'kaxkckn esa uksV Nkius rFkk usikuxj
m|ksx LFkkiuk LFkku
esa v[kckjh dkx”k cukus osQ dkj[kkus yxk, x, gSaA o"kZ
zzljdkj }kjk dkx”k m|ksx dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy;s 1818
lwrh oL=k iQksVZ XykWLVj (dksydkrk)
lgkjuiqj esa osaQnzh; yqXnh ,oa dkx”k vuqlaèkku 1812
dkx”k fljkeiqj (if'pe caxky)
laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
lhesaV 1904 psUubZ
zzdkx”k m|ksx esa 100% izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh
twV 1855 fj'kjk (if'pe caxky)
vuqefr nh xbZA
ykSg&bLikr 1874 oqQYVh (if'pe caxky)
twV m|ksx (Jute industry) ,Y;qehfu;e 1937 ts-osQ- uxj (if'pe caxky)
zzHkkjr esa izFke twV dkj[kkuk o"kZ 1859 esa dydÙkk Hkkjh bathfu;fjax 1958 jk¡ph (>kj[kaM)
osQ fj'kjk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
zzHkkjr twV ls cuh oLrqvksa esa lcls cM+k mRiknd ns'k gS rFkk fu;kZrdksa esa nwljk vxz.kh ns'k gSA
zztwV mRiknu esa if'pe caxky dk izFke LFkku gSA
zztwV m|ksx osQ fodkl dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, o"kZ 1969 esa VsDlVkbYl lykgdkj ifj"kn] o"kZ 1971 esa Hkkjrh; twV
fuxe rFkk o"kZ 1984 esa varjkZ"Vªh; twV laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
dksj baMLVªht (Core industries)

vkB izeq[k volajpuk lg;ksxh m|ksxksa esa dks;yk] dPpk rsy] izkÑfrd xSl] isVªksfy;e ifj'kksèku mRikn] moZjd]
bLikr] lhesaV rFkk fo|qr dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
vkB egÙoiw.kZ m|ksxksa ds lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (vkbZvkbZih) ds u, vkèkkj o"kZ ds
vuqlkj vizSy 2017 ls o"kZ 2004 – 05 ls cnydj 2011 – 12 dj fn;k x;k gSA vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (vkbZvkbZih)
esa la'kksfèkr vkB egÙoiw.kZ m|ksxksa dk la;qDr Hkkjka'k 40.27 izfr'kr gSA bl la'kksfèkr Hkkjka'k esa lcls vfèkd Hkkjka'k
fjiQk;ujh mRikn dks fn;k x;k gS] tcfd lcls de Hkkjka'k moZjd m|ksx dks fn;k x;k gSA
blls iwoZorhZ O;oLFkk esa tc vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (vkbZ-vkbZ-ih-) ds fy;s vkèkkj o"kZ 2004 – 05 Fkk rc
bu vkB izeq[k m|ksxksa dk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad esa dqy Hkkjka'k yxHkx 38 izfr'kr FkkA bu vkB izeq[k m|ksxksa esa
lcls vfèkd Hkkjka'k fo|qr m|ksx ,oa lcls de Hkkjka'k moZjd m|ksx dks fn;k x;k FkkA
324
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ekpZ&vizSy (2018–19) (izfr'kr Hkkjka'k
esa) (fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa)
dks;yk 7.3 (o`f¼) 10.33
dPpk rsy 4.1 (ál) 8.98
izkÑfrd xSl 0.8 (o`f¼) 6.88
fjiQk;ujh mRikn 3.1 (o`f¼) 28.04
moZjd 0.3 (o`f¼) 2.63
bLikr 4.7 (o`f¼) 17.92
lhesaV 13.3 (o`f¼) 5.37
fo|qr 5.1 (o`f¼) 19.85
dqy 4.7 (o`f¼) 100
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (Index of industrial production–IIP)

osaQæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (CSO) }kjk vkS|ksfxd izn'kZu ,oa fodkl ds ekiu gsrq vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad
tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA vkS|ksfxd {ks=k osQ fu"iknu dk rqyukRed vè;;u djus ,oa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k ls lacafèkr uhfr fuekZ.k
djus osQ fy;s vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA osaQæh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; us vkS|ksfxd mRiknu
lwpdkad osQ fy;s vkèkkj o"kZ esa ifjorZu djrs gq, 2004–05 osQ LFkku ij 2011–12 dj fn;k gSA o"kZ 2011–12 dh
ubZ Üka`[kyk ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2017–18 ds nkSjku vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dh o`f¼ nj tgk¡ 4.4 izfr'kr Fkh og 2018–19 esa
?kVdj 3.6 izfr'kr jg x;hA dksj {ks=kd dh o`f¼ nj 4.7 izfrkr FkhA
vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx

(Department of industrial policy and promotion)
vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1995 esa dh xbZ Fkh vkSj o"kZ 2000 esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl foHkkx
osQ lkFk bldk foy; djosQ bldk iquxZBu fd;k x;kA vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx dk dk;Z Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd
{ks=k dks izksRlkfgr djuk rFkk m|ksxksa osQ larqfyr fodkl dks ljy cukuk gSA vkS|ksfxd {ks=k osQ fofu;eu vkSj iz'kklu
dh Hkwfedk ls c<+dj vkt ;g foHkkx fons'kh fuos'k rFkk rduhdh izokg vkSj vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ fy;s iz;kl djrk gSA
vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx osQ dk;Z (Functions of Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion)
zzvkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k osQ fy;s vkS|ksfxd uhfr cukrk gS ,oa mls dk;kZfUor
djrk gSA
zzfoÙkh;] volajpukxr rFkk vU; lgk;rk miyCèk djkdj ;g foHkkx vkS|ksfxd o`f¼ dks xfr iznku djrk gSA
zzizR;{k fons'kh fuos'k uhfr cukuk rFkk izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k vkSj vfuoklh Hkkjrh; fuos'kksa dks vklku cukdj c<+kok
nsuk Hkh bldk dk;Z gSA
zz;g isVsaV] O;kikj fpÉ] vkS|ksfxd fM”kkbu rFkk eky (Goods) osQ HkkSxksfyd laosQr osQ {ks=k esa ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkjksa
ls lacafèkr uhfr;k¡ cukrk gSA
zz;g vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad cukus esa bLrseky djus osQ fy;s Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad rFkk ekfld vkS|ksfxd mRiknu
vk¡dM+ksa dk ladyu djrk gSA
325
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
u, vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (vkbZ-vkbZ-ih-) Üka`[kyk 2011–12 esa ifjorZu
(Changes in New IIP Series 2011–12)
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad ds fy;s oLrqvksa vkbZ-vkbZ-ih- dh ubZ vkSj iqjkuh Üka`[kyk ds Hkkjka'k
ds lewg dk vkèkkj o"kZ 2004–05 ls la'kksfèkr
djds 2011–12 dj fn;k x;k gSA vkèkkj o"kZ 2004-05 vkèkkj o"kZ 2011-12
{ks=k
'kq: fd;s x, dk;Z ,oa fofèkxr ifjorZuksa Hkkjka'k (%) Hkkjka'k (%)
dk lkj bl izdkj gS& [kuu 14.157 14.373
ubZ Üka`[kyk esa vkbZ-vkbZ-ih- ds rhu ?kVd fofuekZ.k 75.527 77.633
vFkkZr~ [kuu] fofuekZ.k vkSj fctyh 'kkfey gSaA fctyh 10.316 7.994
407 enksa ds u, lewg esa iqjkus lewg dh 259 ensa
dqy 100 100
'kkfey gSaA {ks=kh; Lrj ij ubZ Üka`[kykvksa ds fy;s
Hkkjka'k vkèkkj o"kZ 2011–12 ds lkFk ys[kk lkaf[;dh (,u,,l) ds thoh, vk¡dM+ksa dk iz;ksx djds ifjdfyr fd;s x,
gSaA ;gk¡ {ks=kh; Lrj ij nks vkèkkj o"kks± ds chp rqyukRed Hkkjka'k n'kkZ, x, gSa&
la'kksfèkr vkbZ-vkbZ-ih- lewg esa dqy 109 en lewgksa ds vk¡dM+s ek=kk ds ctk; ewY; ds vuqlkj ,d=k fd;s x, gSaA
,slk blfy;s fd;k x;k gS] rkfd vk¡dM+ksa esa mNky ls cpk tk lds] D;ksafd buesa ls cgqr ls mRiknksa dh mi;ksfxrk
vofèk ,d eghus ls ”;knk gSA ,sls enksa dks ^dk;Z izxfr ij* ds :i esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gSA bu en lewgksa ds fy;s
lax`ghr fd;s x, ewY; vk¡dM+s mRiknd ewY; lwpdkad ds vHkko esa Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (MCY;w-ih-vkbZ-) 2011-12 dk
mi;ksx djds viLiQkf;r (Deflated) fd;s x, gSaA
mi;ksx vkèkkfjr oxhZdj.k us vkèkkjHkwr oLrqvksa ds LFkku ij izkFkfed oLrqvksa dks egÙo fn;k gSA volajpuk@fuekZ.k
oLrq,¡ uked u;k lewg cuk;k x;k gSA
iqjkus mi;ksx vkèkkfjr oxhZdj.k dh rqyuk esa u, mi;ksx vkèkkfjr oxhZdj.k ds Hkkjka'k ;gk¡ n'kkZ, x, gSa&
u, vkSj iqjkus mi;ksx ij vkèkkfjr Hkkjka'k ds fy;s oxhZdj.k
vkèkkj o"kZ 2004–2005 vkèkkj o"kZ 2011–12
en lewg Hkkjka'k (%) en lewg Hkkjka'k (%)
cqfu;knh oLrq,¡ 88 45.7 izkFkfed oLrq,¡ 15 34.05
varLFk eky 106 15.7 varLFk oLrq,¡ 110 17.22
iwathxr eky 73 8.8 iwathxr oLrq,¡ 67 8.22
vuqiyCèk __ __ volajpuk@fofuekZ.k oLrq,¡ 29 12.34
fVdkÅ miHkksDrk oLrq,¡ 43 8.5 miHkksDrk oLrq,¡ 86 12.84
xSj&fVdkÅ miHkksDrk oLrq,¡ 89 21.3 xSj&fVdkÅ miHkksDrk 100 15.33
oLrq,¡
oqQy 399 100 oqQy 407 100
vkS|ksfxd vLoLFkrk@#X.krk (Industrial Sickness)

oaQiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 osQ vuqlkj vxj fdlh vkS|ksfxd oaQiuh osQ 50 izfr'kr ls vfèkd cdk;k Í.k osQ ekfyd
Í.k dh ekax djrs gaS] ijarq ;g oaQiuh uksfVl feyus osQ 30 fnuksa osQ Hkhrj Hkh u rks Í.k vnk dj ikrh gS vkSj u gh
Í.k ekfydksa dks dksbZ larks"ktud mÙkj ns ikrh gS rks ml vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ dks vLoLFk vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ ekuk tk,xkA
326
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vkS|ksfxd vLoLFkrk@#X.krk ls lacafèkr lfefr;k¡
zzHkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd #X.krk dh leL;k ij fopkj djus gsrq o"kZ 1981 esa Vh- frokjh dh vè;{krk esa lfefr xfBr
dh xbZA lfefr dh fliQkfj'k ij o"kZ 1985 esa #X.k vkS|ksfxd oaQiuh (fo'ks"k micaèk) vfèkfu;e] 1985 [Sick
Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985–SICA] ikfjr fd;k x;kA
zzvkS|ksfxd #X.krk dh leL;k osQ lekèkku gsrq tuojh 1987 esa vkS|ksfxd ,oa foÙkh; iqufuZekZ.k cksMZ (Board for
Industrial and Financial Reconstruction–BIFR) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ,oa 15 ebZ] 1987 ls blus viuk dk;Z
izkjaHk dj fn;kA
zzvkS|ksfxd #X.krk ij fopkj djus osQ fy;s viSzy 1993 esa vksadkj xksLokeh dh vè;{krk esa ,d lfefr xfBr dh
xbZ FkhA bl lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esa vkS|ksfxd #X.krk dh ifjHkk"kk dks cnyus osQ lkFk&lkFk SICA vkSj BIFR esa
Hkh ifjorZu dh fliQkfj'k dhA
zzoaQifu;ksa osQ fnokfy;kiu osQ lacaèk esa lq>ko nsus osQ fy;s oh- ckyÑ".k bjkMh dh vè;{krk esa ,d lfefr xfBr
dh xbZ] ftlus viuh fjiksVZ 31 vxLr] 2000 dks izLrqr dhA lfefr us ,d us'kuy oaQiuh ykW fVªC;wuy osQ xBu
rFkk bls oaQiuh ykW cksMZ osQ vfèkdkj dks lkSais tkus dh fliQkfj'k dhA lfefr ds lq>koksa osQ vuq:i o"kZ 2002 esa
u;k oaQiuh foèks;d yk;k x;kA blosQ izHkkoh gksus osQ lkFk gh #X.k vkS|ksfxd daiuh vfèkfu;e (SICA)] vkS|ksfxd
,oa foÙkh; iqufuZekZ.k cksMZ (BIFR) rFkk vkS|ksfxd ,oa foÙkh; iquxZBu vihyh; izkfèkdj.k dk vfLrRo lekIr gks
x;k ,oa budk dk;`Z ûs'kuy oaQiuh ykW fVªC;wuy* dks lkSai fn;k x;kA
Hkkjr esa fons'kh iwath varokZg (Inflow of foreign capital in India)

zzljdkjh lzksr% blesa f}i{kh; ljdkjh O;oLFkk rFkk cgqmn~ns'kh; foÙkh; laLFkk,¡ ljdkjh fons'kh iwath dh vkiwfrZ Í.k]
migkj] vuqnku vkfn osQ }kjk djrh gSaA bl lzksr ls lkekU;r;k ljdkjh rFkk lkoZtfud {ks=k dh ifj;kstukvksa dk
foÙkh;u gksrk gSA
zzfuth {ks=k% futh fons'kh iwath futh O;fDr;ksa rFkk laLFkkxr fuos'kdksa ls O;kikfjd 'krZ ij izkIr gksrh gSA lkekU;r;k
fons'kh iwath fons'kh O;kikfjd mèkkj] Í.k] va'k iwath] iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k] izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k] fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'k
vkfn :iksa esa izkIr gksrh gSA
zzizR;{k fons'kh fuos'k% fons'kh fuos'kdksa ;k daifu;ksa }kjk ,d Hkkjrh; oaQiuh esa HkkSfrd iwath ,oa laifÙk;ksa esa] IykaV
,oa e'khujh esa] Hkwfe ,oa Hkou esa vFkok mRiknu dh izfØ;k esa fuos'k îzR;{k fons'kh fuos'k* dgykrk gSA fjtoZ
cSad vkWiQ bafM;k ds vuqlkj 2018–19 esa Hkkjr esa dqy FDI varokZg 38744 fefy;u MkWyj jgk ftlesa lokZfèkd
fgLlk flaxkiqj] dk rRi'pkr~ ekWjh'kl vkSj l-jk- vesfjdk dk jgkA
fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k (Foreign Portfolio Investment)
fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k esa fuos'k foÙkh; laifÙk;ksa] tSls& 'ks;j] Í.k i=k] ckW.M vkfn esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj
osQ fuos'k dk eq[; mn~ns'; vfèkdre ykHk dekuk gksrk gSA ;fn dksbZ fuos'kd fdlh foÙkh; o"kZ esa 10 izfr'kr ls de
fuos'k djs rks mls ^fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k* dgrs gSaA
fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kd (Foreign Institutional Investors)
fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kdksa esa fons'kh daifu;ksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dks fy;k tkrk gS] tks Hkkjr osQ foÙkh; ck”kkj (izkFkfed
ck”kkj vkSj f}rh;d ck”kkj) esa fuos'k djrh gSaA fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'kdksa dks foÙkh; ck”kkj esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy;s Hkkjrh;
izfrHkwfr vkSj fofue; cksMZ (SEBI) esa iathÑr gksuk vko';d gSA buesa lkekU;r;k gstiQaM] isa'ku iQaM] E;wpqvy iQaM]
chek oaQifu;k¡ vkfn lfEefyr gksrh gSaA
327
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2018–19 esa izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (feyh;u MkWyj esa) (eq[; {ks=k)
{ks=k jkf'k
foÙkh; lsok 7919
foÙkh; lsok 6372
nwjlapkj lsok 5365
[kqnjk ,oa Fkksd O;kikj 4311
O;kikj lsok 3453
zzHkkjr esa 2019 esa dqy izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k 49 vjc MkWyj izkIr gqvk (lzksr vadVkM fjiksVZ) tks fd fiNys o"kZ ls
16 izfr'kr T;knk gSA
zzHkkjr esa vkus okys izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k nks izdkj@:V@jkLrs gSa&
Lor% :V (Automatic Route) blesa fcuk ljdkj dh vuqefr ds izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ljdkjh jkLrk (Goverment Route)– blds varxZr os fuos'k vkrs gSa ftuds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj dh vuqefr
vko';d gksrh gSA
zzHkkjr esa dqN {ks=kd esa 100 izfr'kr rks fdlh {ks=k esa 49 ;k vU; izfr'kr ds ekud r; fd;s x;s gSa os muesa eq[;
{ks=kdksa dks FDI dk fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS&
vkWVksesfVd :V ljdkjh :V
zzlsE;qfjVh cktkj esa volajpuk zzcSafdx ,oa lkoZtfud {ks=kd 20%
daiuh&49% zzczkbdkfLVax daVsV lsok&49%
zzchek 49% zzdksj fuos'k daiuh&100%
zzfpfdRlk midj.k 100% zz[kk| mRikn iqqQVdj fcØh&100%
zzisa'ku 49% (Food Products Retial Troding)
zzisVªksfy;e fjiQkbfux 49% zz[kuu ,oa èkkrq fu"d"kZ.k&100%
zz'kfDr forj.k (ikoj zzeYVh czkaM fjVsM VªsfMax&51%
,Elpsau) 49% zzfizaV ehfM;k (rduhdh izlkj.k] fons'kh Hkk"kk ds v[kcjksa dk ns'kh izlkj.k)&100%
zzfizaV ehfM;k (U;wtisij ekeyk)&26%
zzmixzg&100%
vksVksesfVd + ljdkjh :V
vkVksesfVd ljdkjh + vkWVksesfVd
,;jiksVZ VªkaliksVZ lsok 49% 49% ls T;knk
cSafdx (futh {ks=k) 49% 49% ls T;knk
ck;ksVsDuksykWth (ckzmufiQYM) 74% 74% ls T;knk
j{kk 74% [ebZ 2020 ls] 74% ls T;knk
LokLF; (czkmufiQYM) 74% 74% ls T;knk
futh lqj{kk ,tsalh 74% 74% ls T;knk
nwjlapkj lsok 49% 49% ls T;knk
iQkekZL;wfVdYl (czkmufiQYMj) 74% 74% ls T;knk

328
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
uksV% czkmufiQYMj fuos'k ekStwnk mRiknu O;oLFkk esa gh (tSls fdlh daiuh vfèkxzg.k ;k foy;) fd;k x;k fuos'k
gS tcfd xzhu fiQYM vfrfjDr mRiknu {kerk cukrk gS ;kuh u;s {ks=k ;k daiuh dh LFkkiuk djuk gSA
dkWiksZjsV lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro (Corporate social responsibility)

^dkWiksZjsV lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro* ls vfHkizk; fdlh vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ dk mlosQ lHkh i{kdkjksa] tSls&laLFkkidksa]
fuos'kdkas] Í.knkrkvksa] izcaèkdksa] deZpkfj;kas] vkiwfrZdÙkkZvksa] xzkgdksa] ogk¡ osQ LFkkuh; lekt ,oa i;kZoj.k osQ izfr uSfrd
nkf;Ro ls gSA Hkkjr igyk ns'k gS ftlus dkiksZjsV lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro dks vfuok;Z cuk;kA Hkkjr esa dkWiksZjsV lkekftd
mÙkjnkf;Ro dh voèkkj.kk dks daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 dh èkkjk 135 osQ vèkhu fu;af=kr fd;k tkrk gSA dkWiksZjsV lkekftd
mÙkjnkf;Ro dk izkoèkku mu daifu;ksa ij ykxw gksrk gS] ftu daifu;ksa dk fuoy ewY; (Net Worth) ` 500 djksM+ ls
vfèkd gks ;k oqQy dkjksckj (Turnover) ` 1000 djksM+ ls vfèkd gks ;k 'kq¼ ykHk (Net Profit) ` 5 djksM+ ls vfèkd gksA
bl vfèkfu;e osQ vuqlkj daifu;ksa dks vius fiNys rhu o"kks± osQ 'kq¼ ykHkksa osQ vkSlr dk 2 izfr'kr dkWiksZjsV
lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro (CSR) xfrfofèk;ksa ij [kpZ djuk iM+sxk] tSls& f'k{kk dk izlkj] Hkw[k] oqQiks"k.k ,oa xjhch dks
de djuk] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k bR;kfnA gky gh esa dksfoM&19 ok;jl ls fuiVus gsrq fd;s x;s [kpZ dks Hkh lkkeftd
mÙkjnkf;Ro esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk bldk Toyar mnkgj.k gSA
daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 (Companies Act, 2013)

oaQiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 us oaQiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 dks izfrLFkkfir fd;k gSA u;k dkuwu tgk¡ oaQifu;ksa dks igys
ls vfèkd tokcnsg cuk,xk] ogha muosQ izcaèku dks Hkh ;g e”kcwrh iznku djsxkA u, oaQiuh dkuwu osQ ”kfj;s ,slh iz.kkyh
fodflr djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS] ftlls èkks[kkèkM+h dh ?kVuk,¡ gksus ls iwoZ gh mu ij jksd yxkbZ tk losQA
izeq[k fcanq
zzoaQifu;ksa osQ fy;s vius rhu o"kks± osQ vkSlr ykHk dk U;wure 2% dkWiksZjsV lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro osQ fy;s [kpZ djuk
vfuok;Z gSA
zzizR;sd 5 o"kks± osQ varjky osQ i'pkr~ vkWfMVj (vaosQ{kd) cnyuk vfuok;ZA
zz,d vkWfMVj ,d le; esa vfèkdre 20 oaQifu;ksa dks gh viuh lsok,¡ ns losQxkA
zzfdlh izkbosV oaQiuh osQ funs'kd eaMy esa funs'kdksa dh vfèkdre la[;k vc 12 osQ LFkku ij 15 gks losQxhA
zzfuns'kd eaMy esa U;wure ,d&frgkbZ Lora=k funs'kdksa gksuk vfuok;Z gSA
zzfuns'kd eaMy esa de&ls&de ,d efgyk lnL; dk gksuk vko';d gSA
zzykWd vkmV@dkjksckj can djus dh fLFkfr esa deZpkfj;ksa dks nks o"kks± dk osru nsuk vfuok;Z gksxkA
zzoaQifu;ksa dks vius deZpkfj;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys vkSlr osru dh tkudkjh lkoZtfud djuh gksxhA
zzlkoZtfud fgr esa Lor% laKku ysrs gq, osaQæ ljdkj oaQifu;ksa dh tk¡p dk vkns'k ns ldrh gSA
uksV% oaQiuh (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2015 osQ }kjk futh oaQiuh ,oa lkoZtfud oaQiuh osQ fy;s U;wure Hkqxrku dh xbZ
'ks;j iwt
a h Øe'k% ` 1 yk[k vkSj ` 5 yk[k dh ckè;rk dks lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSA
zzbl la'kksèku ds }kjk daiuh dh lkekU; eqgj ds izR;sd LFkku ij iz;ksx dks oSdfYid cuk fn;k x;k gSA
zzdaiuh viuh lHkh gkfu;ksa dk lek;kstu djus ds ckn gh vfrfjDr cps ykHkksa esa ls ykHkka'k forj.k dh ?kks"k.kk
dj ldrh gSA
zzfoÙk ea=kky; }kjk lh ,l vkj la'kksèku gsrq ekpZ 2020 esa ,d MªkÝV tkjh fd;k x;k gS ftlds vuqlkj [kp± u
gks ikus okyh jkf'k ds fy;s jk"Vªh; iQaM (National Unspent Corporate Social Responsibility Fund) ds xBu
dk izLrko gSA
329
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzCSR dks c<+kok nsus gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jk"Vªh; CSR iqjLdkj Hkh iznku fd;k tkrk gSA tks rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa
uokpkj ,oa lrr o lekos'kh fodkl gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gS os rhu Jsf.k;k¡ gS igyh&CSR [kpZ jkf'k vkèkkj
(4 iqjLdkj), nwljh&vkdka{kh ftyksa esa ifj;kstuk ij (5 iqjLdkj) vkSj rhljh& jk"Vªh; izkFkfedrk izkIr {ks=k esa
ifj;kstuk ij (11 iqjLdkj) blds vykok rhu iqjLdkj lw{e eè;e ,oa y?kq m|ksx gsrq vkjf{kr gSA budk eq[;
è;s; CSR gsrq izksRlkgu nsuk gSA
vkS|ksxhdj.k ls lacafèkr izeq[k ;kstuk,¡

(Major Schemes Related to Industrialization)
jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr] 2011 (National manufacturing policy, 2011)
fofuekZ.k {ks=kd Hkkjr ds dqy vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dk 75.5 izfr'kr tcfd dqy GDP esa 18 izfr'kr Hkkxhnkjh ds
lkFk gh Hkkjr ds 12 izfr'kr tula[;k dks izR;{k jkstxkj iznku djus ds dkj.k vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSA fofuekZ.k {ks=k ds
fodkl gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 4 uoacj] 2011 dks jk"Vªh; fofuekZ.k uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA
uhfr osQ izeq[k mn~ns';
zz2022 rd ,d n'kd esa 100 fefy;u vfrfjDr jks”kxkj osQ volj l`ftr djukA
zz2022 rd ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa fofuekZ.k osQ fgLls dks 25% rd c<+kukA
zzfofuekZ.k {ks=k esa 12–14% dh fodkl nj izkIr djukA
zzleqfpr uhfr;k¡ cukdj Hkkjrh; fofuekZ.k {ks=k dh izfrLièkkZ dks c<+kukA
bl uhfr esa xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks vko';d dkS'ky iznku djosQ mUgsa jks”kxkj ;ksX; cukus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gSA fVdkÅ
fodkl bl uhfr dk vfHkUu Hkkx gS rFkk fofuekZ.k esa izkS|ksfxdh; ewY; o¼Zu ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k x;k gSA ;g uhfr
jkT;ksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh ls vkS|ksfxd o`f¼ osQ fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr gSA
uhfr osQ egÙoiw.kZ lkèku@fo'ks"krk,¡
zzjk"Vªh; fuos'k rFkk fofuekZ.k ”kksuA zzvkS|ksfxd izf'k{k.k ,oa n{krk mUu;u mik;A
zzO;kikj fofu;eksa dk ;qfDrdj.k rFkk ljyhdj.kA zzgfjr izk|
S ksfxfd;ksa lesr izk|
S ksfxdh fodkl osQ fy;s foÙkh;
zzfofuekZ.k bdkb;ksa osQ fy;s cfgxZeu ra=k dks vklku cukuk rFkk lkaLFkkfud ra=kA
rFkk Rofjr djukA zzljdkjh [kjhn dks O;kogkfjd cukukA
zzy?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksxksa osQ fy;s izksRlkgu nsukA zzfo'ks"k è;ku nsus ;ksX; {ks=kksa ds fy;s ;kstuk fuekZ.kA
esd bu bafM;k (Make in India)

25 flracj] 2014 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkkjr osQ fuekZ.k {ks=k dks c<+kok nsus osQ mn~ns'; ls êsd bu bafM;k* igy
dh 'kq#vkr dhA bl dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; Hkkjr dks ,d fuos'k LFky osQ :i esa iznf'kZr djuk gSA
eq[; fcanq
zzbl dk;ZØe osQ rgr Hkkjr ljdkj ds okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=kky; ds vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx }kjk ^fuos'k
Hkkjr* (Invest India) uked vkfèkdkfjd lao¼Zu rFkk lqfoèkk lsok ,tsalh dk izorZu fd;k x;k gSA ^fuos'k Hkkjr*
osQ ekè;e ls fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks fu;ked vkSj uhfr lacaèkh eqn~nksa osQ lHkh igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh nh tk,xh
vkSj fu;ked lacaèkh ea”kwjh izkIr djus esa lgk;rk Hkh dh tk,xhA
zzêsd bu bafM;k* igy pkj LraHkksa ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftUgsa Hkkjr esa m|ferk dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy;s fpfÉr fd;k
x;k gSA
330
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zzubZ çfØ;k,¡% bldk mn~ns'; gS fd fdlh dkjksckj rFkk O;olk; osQ laiw.kZ thou pØ osQ fy;s m|ksx dks ykblsal
eqDr ,oa fofu;eu eqDr fd;k tk,A
zzubZ volajpuk% bldk mn~ns'; vkèkqfud gkbZ&LihM lapkj vkSj ,dhÑr ykWftfLVDl O;oLFkk osQ vkèkqfudre
izkS|ksfxdh ij vkèkkfjr baizQkLVªDpj miyCèk djkus osQ fy;s vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj rFkk LekVZ flVh”k fodflr djuk gSA
zzu, {ks=k% êsd bu bafM;k* osQ rgr fofuekZ.k] volajpuk vkSj lsok dk;Zdykiksa esa 25 {ks=k fpfÉr fd;s x, gSaA
zzu;k n`f"Vdks.k% m|ksxksa }kjk ljdkj dks fofu;ked dh Hkwfedk esa ns[kus dh vknr gSA ljdkj blesa vkewy&pwy
cnyko yk,xhA ljdkj ns'k osQ vk£Fkd fodkl esa m|ksxksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh djsxh u fd fofu;ked dh Hkwfedk
esa gksxhA
zzêsd bu bafM;k* igy osQ rgr fons'kh fuos'kdksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mu pqfuank ?kjsyw daifu;ksa ij Hkh è;ku osaQfær fd;k
tk,xk] tks uokpkj vkSj ubZ rduhd osQ ekeys esa vxz.kh gSaA blosQ rgr i;kZoj.k vuqdwy ,oa mUur fuekZ.k dks
c<+kok nsus ij è;ku osaQfær fd;k tk,xkA lkFk gh bu daifu;ksa dks ôSf'od oSY;w psu* dk egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk cukus
esa Hkh enn nh tk,xhA
zzljdkj dk mn~ns';, fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa eè;kofèk dh rqyuk esa 12–14 izfr'kr o`f¼ nj] izfro"kZ ns'k osQ ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn esa fofuekZ.k dh fgLlsnkjh 16–25 izfr'kr rd c<+kuk vkSj eq[; :i ls vosQys fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa Hkh 2022
rd 100 fefy;u vfrfjDr ukSdfj;k¡ l`ftr djuk gSA
zzljdkj us ,sls 25 egÙoiw.kZ {ks=kksa dh igpku dh gS] ftuesa ns'k fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh cu ldrk gSA buesa fuEufyf[kr
{ks=kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS&
1. vkWVkseksckby 10. [kk| izlaLdj.k 19. uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ
2. vkWVkseksckby osQ ?kVd 11. lwpuk rduhd 20. lM+d o jktekxZ
3. mîó;u 12. peM+k 21. varfj{k
4. tSo&izkS|ksfxdh 13. ehfM;k vkSj euksjatu 22. oL=k m|ksx
5. jlk;u 14. [kuu 23. i;ZVu o vkfrF;
6. fofuekZ.k {ks=k 15. rsy vkSj xSl 24. rkih; ÅtkZ
7. j{kk fuekZ.k 16. iQkekZL;qfVdy 25. LokLF;
8. fo|qr midj.k 17. canjxkg
9. bysDVªkWfud lkeku 18. jsyos
zzljdkj us ,e-,l-,e-bZ- {ks=k esa fofuekZ.k ls lacafèkr izkS|ksfxdh; fodkl dks xfr iznku djus osQ fy;s ,d îzkS|ksfxdh
vfèkxzg.k ,oa fodkl dks"k* (TADF) dk Hkh 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k gSA bl ;kstuk esa isVsaV iwy ds ”kfj;s izkS|ksfxdh gLrkarj.k
osQ fy;s vizR;{k lgk;rk nh tk,xh vkSj iznw"k.k jksdus rFkk ÅtkZ dh [kir de djus osQ fy;s mRiknu esa dke vkus
okys midj.kksa esa lqèkkj yk;k tk,xkA
zz;g dks"k ,d Lo'kkflr isVsaV iwy vkSj ykblsal nsus okys izkfèkdj.k osQ :i esa Hkh dk;Z djsxkA ;g isVsaV èkkjdksa ls
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj [kjhnsxkA
zzêsd bu bafM;k* igy dk mn~ns'; u, vkfo"dkj vkSj ubZ izkS|ksfxdh osQ {ks=k esa vxz.kh ?kjsyw daifu;ksa dh igpku
dj mUgsa fo'o esa loksZÙke cukuk gSA blesa gfjr ,oa vR;kèkqfud fuekZ.k dks c<+kok nsus (”khjks fMiQsDV, ”khjks biQsDV)
vkSj daifu;ksa dks oSf'od ewY; Ükà[kyk esa Hkkx ysus esa enn djus ij eq[; :i ls è;ku fn;k tk,xkA
zzj{kk {ks=k esa fons'kksa ij fuHkZjrk de djus vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk izkIr djus osQ mn~ns'; ls j{kk {ks=k esa Hkh êsd bu bafM;k*
igy dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA j{kk {ks=k esa ,iQMhvkbZ uhfr dks mnkj cuk;k x;k gSA orZeku esa ,iQMhvkbZ O;oLFkk
osQ varxZr Lopkfyr ekxZ ls ,d daiuh dks 49 izfr'kr Hkkxhnkjh dh vuqefr gSA vc 49 izfr'kr ls vfèkd dh
Hkkxhnkjh dh vuqefr ljdkjh vuqeksnu osQ ekè;e ls izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA vR;kèkqfud çkS|ksfxdh osQ fy;s j{kk
{ks=k esa 100 çfr'kr ,iQMhvkbZ dh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA
331
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzj{kk {ks=k gsrq ljdkj us ykblsal uhfr dks mnkj cuk;k gS vkSj blosQ oqQN izeq[k ?kVdksa] ;Fkk& dPpk eky] ijh{k.k
midj.k, mRiknu e'khujh, dkWfLVax rFkk iQks²tx vkfn dks ykblsal osQ nk;js ls ckgj j[kk x;k gSA vxys 7–8 o"kks±
esa êsd bu bafM;k* dh orZeku uhfr osQ rgr lSU; cyksa osQ vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ fy;s 130 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj
dk fuos'k fd;k tk,xkA
zzjsy cqfu;knh <k¡pk ifj;kstukvksa esa fuekZ.k] lapkyu vkSj j[k&j[kko esa Lopkfyr ekxZ osQ rgr 100 çfr'kr ,iQ-Mh-
vkbZ- dh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA
eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
zzO;olk; djus dh lqxerkA zzlqxedÙkkZ ,oa mRizsjd osQ :i esa ljdkj dh HkwfedkA
zzljy ykblsaflax ,oa fu;eu iz.kkyhA zzijfeV tkjh djus okys izkfèkdkjh dks vxzlfØ; lk>snkj
zzlwpuk, lapkj ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dk vuqiz;ksxA osQ :i esa ifjofrZr djukA
zzlksp esa cnykoA zz,iQMhvkbZ osQ fy;s j{kk, fofuekZ.k ,oa jsyos tSls egÙoiw.kZ
{ks=kksa dks [kksyukA
êsd bu bafM;k* osQ rgr cuus okyh ubZ vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk,¡
zzvkS|ksfxd xfy;kjk zzgkbZ LihM jsy ,oa esVªks jsy
zzvkS|ksfxd DyLVlZ zzikuh ,oa xSl fxzM~l
zzLekVZ 'kgj
bZ&fc”k fe'ku ifj;kstuk (E-Biz Mission Mode Project)

ljdkj }kjk fuos'kdksa vkSj O;kikfjd ?kjkuksa dks iQkby djus, Hkqxrku lsok,¡ iznku djus osQ fy;s jk"Vªh; bZ&xous±l
ifj;kstuk osQ varxZr vkWuykbu iathdj.k dh O;oLFkk djus osQ mn~ns'; ls bZ&fc”k fe'ku ifj;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh
xbZ gSA
eq[; fcanq
zzjk"Vªh; bZ&xous±l ;kstuk osQ varxZr bZ&fc”k fe'ku eksM ifj;kstuk, vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx }kjk rS;kj dh
xbZ gSA
zzbl ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ,d ,slh ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh l`ftr djuk gS] ftlosQ ekè;e ls O;kikj vkSj fuos'k osQ
ckjs esa osaQæ] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; iz'kklu ls lacafèkr lHkh fu;ked lsokvksa dh tkudkjh ,dy iksVZy ij miyCèk djkbZ
tk losQA
zz;g ifj;kstuk lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh ekWMy osQ vkèkkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
zzbZ&fc”k Hkkjr osQ xouZesaV&Vw&fc”kusl (th2ch) iksVZy dh voèkkj.kk caxyw: fLFkr baiQksfll fyfeVsM }kjk fodflr
dh xbZ gSA
zz;g ifj;kstuk 10 o"kks± dh vofèk osQ fy;s fodflr dh xbZ gSA igys 3 o"kZ ik;yV pj.k osQ fy;s gSa] tcfd 'ks"k
7 o"kZ foLrkjhdj.k osQ fy;s gSaA
zzik;yV pj.k osQ nkSjku 50 lsok,¡ (26 osaQæh; o 24 jkT;Lrjh;) 10 ik;yV jkT;ksa esa fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSaA
vkaèkz izns'k, fnYyh, gfj;k.kk, egkjk"Vª, rfeyukMq, vksfM'kk, iatkc, jktLFkku, mÙkj izns'k vkSj if'pe caxky bu ik;yV
jkT;ksa esa 'kkfey gSaA
zzbZ&fc”k fe'ku ifj;kstuk Hkkjr ljdkj osQ jk"Vªh; bZ&xous±l ;kstuk osQ vèkhu 27 fe'ku eksM ifj;kstukvksa esa ls ,d gSA
332
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
us'kuy oSQfiVy xqM~l ikWfylh] 2016 (National Capital Goods Policy, 2016)
oSQfiVy xqM~l osQ {ks=k esa ûs'kuy oSQfiVy xqM~l ikWfylh* viuh rjg dh igyh uhfr gS] ftldk mn~ns'; oSQfiVy
xqM~l osQ mRiknu dks c<+kuk gSA bldk fotu Hkkjr dks fo'oLrjh; gc (Building India as the World Class hub for
Capital Gods) cukuk gSA oSQfiVy xqM~l osQ {ks=k esa 2014-15 esa ` 2,30,000 djksM+ dk mRiknu gqvk] ftls 2025 rd
` 7,50,000 djksM+ djus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA blls 8.4 fefy;u ls 30 fefy;u rd izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k jks”kxkj osQ
volj Hkh iSnk gksaxsA bl uhfr osQ }kjk fu;kZr dks orZeku Lrj 27 izfr'kr ls c<+kdj 2025 rd 40 izfr'kr djus dh
ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA blls Hkkjr dh oqQy ekax esa ?kjsyw mRiknu esa fgLlsnkjh 60 izfr'kr ls c<+dj 80 izfr'kr gks
tk,xhA bl uhfr esa lHkh mi{ks=kksa esa rduhdksa esa lqèkkj] dkS'ky miyCèkrk dks c<+kok] vko';d ekunaMksa dk ikyu djus
o ,e-,l-,e-bZ- osQ iwathxr fodkl o o`f¼ dks c<+kok nsus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA bl uhfr osQ mn~ns';ksa dks iwjk djus
,oa uhfr dks fØ;kfUor djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro Hkkjh m|ksx foHkkx dk gSA
izèkkuea=kh [kfut {ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk (ih-,e-ds-ds-okbZ)

dasnz ljdkj us izèkkuea=kh [kfut {ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA ;g ,d u;k dk;ZØe gS] ftldk mn~ns'; [kuu
ls lacafèkr ifjpkyuksa ls izHkkfor yksxksa rFkk {ks=kksa dk dY;k.k djuk gSA ih-,e-ds-ds-ds-okbZ ls [kuu {ks=k esa jgus okys
izHkkfor yksxksa ds thou esa vkus okyh dfBukb;k¡ de gksaxhA
izeq[k mn~ns';
zz[kuu ls izHkkfor {ks=kksa esa fofHkUu fodkl rFkk dY;k.kdkjh ifj;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw djuk] tks jkT; vkSj dsanz
ljdkj dh orZeku esa py jgh ;kstukvksa@ifj;kstukvksa ds lEiwjd gksaxsA
zz[kuu okys f”kyksa esa yksxksa ds LokLF; vkSj lkekftd vFkZO;oLFkk] i;kZoj.k ij [kuu ds nkSjku vkSj ckn esa iM+s
izfrdwy izHkko dks de djukA
zz[kuu {ks=kksa esa izHkkfor yksxksa ds fy;s nh?kkZofèk fVdkÅ thou;kiu lqfuf'pr djukA
zzthou dh xq.koÙkk esa Bksl lqèkkj lqfuf'pr djrs gq, thou ds lHkh igyqvksa dks 'kkfey djukA
zzblesa fMfLVªDV feujy iQkmaMs'ku (Mh-,e-,iQ-) }kjk miYkCèk djkbZ xbZ fufèk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
lsok {ks=k esa Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; (Indian Scenario in Service Sector)

lsok {ks=kd ls rkRi;Z gS nwjlapkj] gksVy vkSj i;ZVu] vLirky] ifjogu] lwpuk&izlkj.k] gkMZos;j ,oa lkÝVos;j] cSafdx
vkfn ls lafcèkr ÑR;A Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy;s lsok {ks=k fuEufyf[kr dkj.k ls egÙoiw.kZ gSA
zzdqy vFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkkxhnkjh 55 izfr'kr gSA
zzyxHkx nks frgkbZ izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k lsok {ks=k esa vkrh gSA
zzdqy fu;kZr esa 38 izfr'kr Hkkxhnkjh gSA
zz31.45 izfr'kr jkstxkj esa fgLlk (2018)
eq[; lsok {ks=kd vkdkj MkVk&o"kZ fo'o esa LFkku o"kZ

lwpuk rduhd vkSj 177 vjc MkWyj ekpZ 2019 –
O;olk; izfØ;k izcaèku
i;ZVu 26.95 vjc MkWyj (vuqekfur) 2019 34ok¡
fpfdRlk i;ZVu 9 vjc MkWyj (vuqekfur) 2019 esfMdy VwfjTe baMsDl 2016 esa
f'k"kZ 41 ns'kksa esa 5oka LFkku
varjh{k {ks=k 1.5 vjc MkWyj 2018 –

333
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
nwjlapkj {ks=k 23 vjcMkWyj 2019 zzfo'o esa lokZfèkd miHkksDrk
(2017 xzkl ,MtLV jsosU;w) nwljs
zzizfr O;fDr@ekg MkVk
miHkksDrk 9.8 GB
fpfdRlk 110 vjcMkWyj (2020 rd 2018 –
280 vjc MkWyj vuqekfur)
ykWthfLVd 115 vjc blds 2032 rd $ 2018–19 –
360 vjc MkWyj dk vuqeku
lsok {ks=k ,oa vU; {ks=kksa dh oSf'od rqyuk (izfr'kr esa)

{ks=k Hkkjr iw-,l-,- phu
GDP esa fgLlk jkstxkj esa GDP esa fgLLkk j k s t x k j e s a GDP esa fgLlk j k s t x k j e s a
fgLlk fgLlk fgLlk
Ñf"k ,oa laca¼ 15.4 53 8 2 7 26
{ks=k
fofuekZ.k vkSj 23 22 12 19 40 28
m|ksx
lsok 55 30 80 79 52 46
lzksr% National Investment promotion and Facilition Agency 16 may 2019
Hkkjr esa lsok {ks=k ls lacafèkr pqukSfr;k¡ (Challenges of service sector in India)
Hkkjr lsok{ks=k ds lanHkZ esa dkiQh csgrj fLFkfr esa gS fdarq blds le{k dbZ pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh fo|eku gSaA os pqukSfr;k¡
fuEufyf[kr gS&
zz:X.k daifu;ksa dh c<+rh la[;k& Hkkjr esa :X.k daifu;ksa ds c<+us ls Hkkjrh; lsok {ks=kd dh lk[k udkjkRed vlj iM+rk gSA
zzdq'ky Jfedksa dh deh& Hkkjr ls ^czsu Mªsu* gksuk ,d cM+h leL;k gS vksj lsok {ks=k Je cy ls T;knk dq'kyrk
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
zzc<+rh Je ykxrs& Hkkjr lsok {ks=k esa T;knk ykHk blh fy;s ys ik;k gS d;ksafd ;gk¡ ij fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk
esa Je ykxrs dkiQh de gSA orZeku le; esa ckaXykns'k] fo;ruke] fiQfyfiUl tSls ns'kksa dh rjiQ ls lsok {ks=k esa
Hkkjr dks dfBu izfrLi¼kZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS D;ksafd Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa ogk¡ ij Je ykxrs dkiQh de gSA
zzHkz"Vkpkj& ;g ,d vizR;{k dkj.k gS ftlds dkj.k Hkkjr viuh {kerk dk iw.kZ nksgu ugha dj ikrk gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy;s bljks dh okf.kfT;d lk[kk ,afVªDl dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS] Hkkjrh; iz{ksi.k eku (PSLV) fo'o dk lcls
fo'oluh; iz.kkyh gS fdarq blds ckotwn bldk okf.kT;d mi;ksx csgrj ugha gks ik;k gSA
zzfu;e@dkuwu& Hkkjr esa lsok {ks=k dks dkuwuh tfVyrk,¡ udkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor djrh gsaA ogha dqN fu;e udkjkRed
izHkko Mkyrs gSa tSls orZeku esa peM+k m|ksx ij iM+rk izHkkoA
zzjktuSfrd dkjd& Hkkjr ds lsok{ks=k ds iw.kZ {kerk dk nksgu u dj ikus dk ,d dkj.k jktuSfrd dkj.k Hkh gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s fpfdRlk i;zVu dks fy;k tk ldrk gS ftles nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa lcls csgrj fLFkfr rks gS fdarq
ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku] bZjku] eè; ,f'k;k] E;kaekj vkfn ds yksxksa ds fy;s Hkkjr egÙoiw.kZ fpfdRlk xarO; cu
ldrk gS ij jktuSfrd lgefr u gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr bl laHkkouk dk nksgu ugha dj ikrk gSA
zzHkkjrh; lsok cktkj esa dqN {ks=kksa dk gh T;knk izlkj gksuk o fuos'k vkuk tSls nwj lapkjA

334
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjrh; lsok {ks=k ds eqn~ns (Issues of Indian service sector)
lek;ksftr ldy vk; (,thvkj)
gky gh esa Hkkjr esa nwjlapkj daifu;ksa dh fLFkfr esa fxjkoV vk;h gS vkSj bldk izeq[k dkj.k ,thvkj dks ekuk tk
jgk gS ftlds rgr loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk yxHkx 94,000 djksM+ MkWyj nwjlapkj daifu;ksa ls olwyh djus dk vkns'k fn;k
x;k gSA ;g jkf'k C;kt dks tksM+us ij yxHkx 1.3 yk[k djksM+ gks tkrh gSA blds ckn dbZ daifu;ksa ds fnokyk gksus dh
laHkkouk oDr dh tk jgh gSA
D;k gS ,thvkj\
lek;ksftr ldy vk; (Adjusted Gross Revenue) Hkkjr ljdkj ds nwjlapkj foHkkx (lapkj ea=kky;) ds }kjk
nwjlapkj daifu;ksa ls olwyk tkus okyk ;wtst vkSj ykblsaflax 'kqYd gSA blesa nks Hkkx gSa igyk LisDVªe ;wtst pktZ vkSj
nwljk ykblsaflax 'kqYd ftudh nj Øe'k% 3 ls 5 izfr'kr vkSj 8 izfr'kr gSA
fookn D;ksa gS\
ljdkj ds }kjk daiuh dh ldy vk; ij ;g dj yxk;k tk jgk gS ftlesa nwjlapkj ls izkIr vk; ds lkFk gh
cpr ls izkIr C;kt vkSj laifÙk;ksa dh fcØh dks Hkh ,thvkj esa 'kkfey fd;k tk jgk gS tcfd nwjlapkj diafu;k blesa
nwjlapkj lsok ls izkIr vk; dks gh 'kkfey djus dks dg jgh gS D;ksafd ljdkjh rjhds ls ,thvkj ls daifu;ksa ij dkiQh
T;knk cks> iM+sxkA
lsok {ks=k ls lacafèkr izeq[k uhfr;k¡ ,oa ;kstuk,¡

(Major Policies and Schemes Related to Service Sector)
jk"Vh; fMftVy lapkj uhfr&2018 (National Digital Communications Policy–2018)

bl uhfr esa jk"Vªh; nwjlapkj uhfr 2012 dk LFkku fy;kA blds egÙoiw.kZ fcanq fuEufyf[kr gS&
fo'ks"krk,¡
zzblesa ^froz xfr czkMcSaM lsok ij eq[; è;s; fd;k x;k gS ftlds rgr 5G lsok vkSj vkWIVhdy iQkbcj ds iz;ksx ls
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa oguh; nj ij rhoz lapkj lsok miyCèk djkuk gSA
zz50 esxkckbV izfr lsadM dh nj ls baVjusV miyCèk djkukA
zzdaifu;ksa dks de nj ij vfrfjDr LisDV~e miyCèk djkus dk y{;A
zznwjlapkj vk;ksx dks fMftVy nwjlapkj vk;skx ds :i esa iquxfBr fd;k x;kA
zzubZ rduhdksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k tk,xk tSls 5G vkbZ vksVh (IOT) e'khu Vw e'kuh yfu±x vkfnA
zzlHkh xzke iapk;rksa dks 2020 rd 1 GBPS tcfd 2022 rd 10 GBPS LihM ls dusfDVfoVh iznku djukA
zz100 vjc MkWyj fuos'k vkdf"kZr djukA
zzbaVjusV vkWiQ fFkaXl ds rgr 5 vjc midj.kksa dks 'kkfey djukA
zzfMftVy volajpuk vkSj lsok dks lqjf{kr djukA
eq[; mn~ns';
zzlcls fy;s czkMcSaMA
zz40 yk[k jkstxkj l`tu nwjlapkj {ks=k esaA

335
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zz2017 esa Hkkjr ds GDP esa fMftVy lapkj dk fgLlk 6 izfr'kr FkkA ftldks 2022 rd c<+kdj 8 izfr'kr rd djukA
zzfo'o ds f'k"kZ 50 ns'kksa eas vkbZlhVh Hkkjr dks 'kfkey djuk tks fd varjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj laxBu ds 2017 lwpdkad
esa 134 ok¡ FkkA
zzoSf'od ewY; o Üka`[kyk (Global Value Chains) esa Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kukA
zzfMftVy laizHkqrk lqfuf'pr djukA
j.kuhfr D;k gS\

bl uhfr esa fuEufyf[kr j.kuhfr;k¡ cu;kh x;h gS&
zzjk"Vªh; iQkbcj izkfèkdj.k }kjk ,d jk"Vªh; fMftVy xzhM dh LFkkiukA
zzlk>h ykbusa (Ducts) vkSj cgqi;ksxh xfy;kjksa dk lHkh u;s 'kgjksa ,oa egkekxZ (Highway) lM+d ifj;kstukvksa esa cukukA
zzdsanz jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij Lkk>snkjhiw.kZ laLFkkxr O;oLFkk ewY;ksa ,oa eq[; fcanqvksa ds ekudhdj.k gsrq cukukA
zzvxyh ih<+h ds usVodZ dk foLrkj djukA
Hkkjr usV ifj;kstuk

Hkkjr usV ifj;kstuk 2011 esa 'kq: fd;s x;s ,uvks,iQ ,u (us'kuy vkWfIVdy iQkbcj usVodZ) dk u;k czkaM uke
gSA ;g fo'o dh lcls o`gr ckMcSaM dusfDVfoVh ;kstuk gS tks 'kr izfr'kr esd bu bafM;k ds rgr fØ;kfUor gks jgk
gSA bldk mn~ns'; vkWfIVdy iQkbcj usVodZ dks izR;sd xk¡o rd+ ig¡qpkuk gs rkfd oguh; dherksa ij xzkeh.k czkMcSaM
dusfDVfoVh dks etcwr fd;k tk lds gSA
bl ;kstuk ds rhu pj.k gS&
zzigyk& ;g o"kZ 2011 ls 2015 rd pyh ftlesa 1 yk[k ls vfèkd xzke iapk;rksa rd bls fØ;kfUor fd;k x;kA
zznwljk& ;g o"kZ 2016 ls 2018 rd pykA
zzrhljk pj.k& ;g 2019 ls 2023 rd izLrkfor gSA blds eq[; izkoèkku fuEufyf[kr gS&
O;FkZ lapj.k dks jksdus ds fy;s fjax VksiksykWth (Ring Topology) dk iz;ksxA
iQkbcj dscy }kjk ftyk ,oa iz[kaMksa dks tksM+ukA
rduhdh [kjkch u vk;s bl gsrq ,d vR;kèkqfud usVodZA
ykHk
zzLFkkuh; iz'kklu dk l'kDrhdj.kA
zzlcds fy;s oguh; czkaMcSaM dusfDVfoVhA
zzbZ&xous±l ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj jksdFkkeA
zzxzkeh.k Lrj rd igq¡pA
zzdbZ ifj;kstukvksa tSls Hkkjrekyk] vkS|ksfxd dkWfjMksj vkfn esa lgk;dA
zzfMftVy varj eas dehA
leL;k,¡@ pqukSfr;k¡
zzvR;fèkd ykxrA
zzfoØe HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;k¡A
zzlkbcj lqj{kkA

336
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S ksfxdh vkSj uoksUes"k uhfr&2013 (Science, Technology and Innovation Policy–2013)
foKku] izk|
Hkkjr us 2010-20 ds n'kd dks ûoksUes"k n'kd* ds :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA 2020 rd Hkkjr dks fo'o dh ik¡p
oSKkfud 'kfDr;ksa esa ls ,d ds :i eas LFkkfir djus ds mn~ns'; ls izsfjr ;g uhfr ekpZ 2013 esa ykxw dh xbZA bl
uhfr dk eq[; y{; Hkkjr ds fy;s mPp izkS|ksfxdh funsZf'kr ekxZ ds fuekZ.k gsrq O;ogk;Z foKku] 'kksèk ,oa uoksUes"k
iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk djuk gSA
bl uhfr dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡
zzlekt ds lHkh oxks± ds chp oSKkfud izo`fÙk dks c<+kok nsuk_
zzizfrHkk'kkyh yksxksa ds fy;s foKku] vuqlaèkku ,oa uoksUes"k esa oWQfj;j dks i;kZIr :i ls vkd"kZd cukukA
zzfoKku ds dqN izeq[k {ks=kksa esa fof'k"Vrk izkIr djus ds fy;s vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl gsrq fo'oLrjh; lajpuk LFkkfir djukA
zzvuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl esa futh {ks=k dh Hkkxhnkjh dks vkSj vfèkd izksRlkgu iznku djus gsrq ldkjkRed okrkoj.k
rS;kj djukA
zz,d lqn`<+ jk"Vªh; uoksUes"k iz.kkyh dk l`tu djukA
zzo"kZ 2018 rd vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl gsrq dqy O;; dks thMhih ds 2 izfr'kr rd djuk rFkk bl {ks=k esa futh
fuos'k dks vfèkdkfèkd vkdf"kZr djukA
zzvuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl esa mRÑ"Vrk rFkk izklafxdrk dks izksRlkfgr djukA
zzf'k{kk] izf'k{k.k vkSj ekxZn'kZu ds ekè;e ls ;qok uoksUes"kdksa vkSj m|fe;ksa ij fuos'k djukA
zzrhoz] èkkj.kh; vkSj lekos'kh fodkl ds fy;s foKku vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa dh [kkst vkSj izfriknu dh xfr dks c<+kuk
bl uhfr dk n`f"Vdks.k gSA
jk"Vªh; i;ZVu uhfr&2002 (National Tourism Policy–2002)

i;ZVu {ks=k eas fodkl dks c<+kok nsus rFkk bl {ks=k esa oSf'od fuos'kdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus gsrq jk"Vªh; i;ZVu uhfr&
2002 ykxw dh xbZA
bl uhfr ds izeq[k y{;

zzi;ZVu dks vk£Fkd fodkl ds eq[; ?kVd ds :i esa LFkkfir djukA
zzjks”kxkj l`tu] vk£Fkd fodkl vkSj xzkeh.k i;ZVu dks xfr iznku djus gsrq i;ZVu ds izR;{k vkSj cgqxq.kd izHkko eas
o`f¼ djukA
zzi;ZVu fodkl ds eq[; lapkyu gsrq ?kjsyw i;ZVu ij è;ku dsafnzr djukA
zzi;ZVu ds {ks=k esa futh {ks=k ds ;ksxnku dks egÙoiw.kZ ekurs gq, ljdkj }kjk lfØ; lqlkè;dÙkkZ vkSj mRizsjd dh
Hkwfedk vnk djukA
zzrs”kh ls c<+rs oSf'od ;k=kk O;kikj rFkk xarO; ds :i esa Hkkjr dh O;kid viz;qDr {kerk dk ykHk mBkus ds fy;s
Hkkjr dks oSf'od czkaM ds :i esa LFkkfir djukA
zzjkT;ksa] futh {ks=kksa vkSj vU; ,tsafl;ksa dh lgHkkfxrk ls Hkkjr dh vf}rh; lH;rk] èkjksgj vkSj laLÑfr ij vkèkkfjr
,dhÑr i;ZVu l£dVksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj fodkl djukA
zz;g lqfuf'pr djuk fd Hkkjr vkus okys i;ZVd 'kkjhfjd LiwQ£r] ekufld uothou] lkaLÑfrd le`f¼ rFkk vkè;kfRed
mUufr izkIr djsa rFkk ^Lo;a ds vanj Hkkjr dks eglwl djsa*A
zz2022 rd Hkkjr eas i;ZVu dks 50 vjc MkWyj rd igq¡pkus dk y{; ljdkj }kjk r; fd;k x;k lkFk gh fo'o ds
lokZfèkd i;ZVu xarO; dh fyLV esa f'k"kZ 100 esa mij dh rjiQ c<+kus dk y{; gSA blh y{; dh izkIrh ds fy;s
337
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
25 fnlacj 2018 ls vrqY; Hkkjr (Incredible India) dk vxyk pj.k fØ;kUo;u fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk dsanzh; i;ZVu
ea=kky; }kjk tYn gh ubZ jk"Vªh; i;ZVu uhfr ykxw djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA bl lanHkZ esa fofHkUu foHkkxksa ,oa
,tasfl;ksa ls fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k tk jgk gSA
Lons'k n'kZu ;kstuk (Swadesh Darshan Scheme)

Hkkjr ljdkj ds i;ZVu ea=kky; }kjk fof'k"V fo"k;ksa ds vkl&ikl i;ZVu ifjiFkksa ds ,dhÑr fodkl ds fy;s Lons'k
n'kZu uked ;kstuk ds l`tu dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA èkeZ] laLÑfr vkSj fojklr vkfn ls lacafèkr fo"k;] tks {ks=k ds fy;s
vuqie vkSj fo'ks"k gSa] bl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey fd;s x, gSaA bl ;kstuk ds rgr iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr ifjiFk] ckS¼ ifjiFk] fgeky;u
ifjiFk] rVh; ifjiFk] Ñ".k ifjiFk] xzkeh.k ifjiFk] oU;tho ifjiFk] tutkrh; ifjiFk] jkek;.k ifjiFk] vkè;kfRed
ifjiFk] e#LFky ifjiFk] fojklr LFky rFkk bZdks ifjiFk dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA
bl ;kstuk ds izeq[k mn~ns';
zz;kstukc¼ vkSj izkFkfedrk ds vkèkkj ij i;ZVd {kerk okys ifjiFkksa dks fodflr djukA
zzns'k ds lkaLÑfrd ,oa ikjaifjd ewY;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk igpkus x, Fkhe vkèkkfjr ifjiFkksa esa volajpuk dk
,dhÑr fodkl djukA
zzifjiFk xaRkO;ksa esa fo'o Lrjh; volajpuk ds fodkl }kjk lrr~ :i ls i;ZVdksa ds fy;s vkd"kZ.k c<+kukA
zzfpfÉr fd;s x, ifjiFk {ks=kksa esa vkthfodk iSnk djus ds fy;s LFkkuh; dyk] laLÑfr] gLrf'kYi vkSj O;atu vkfn
dks c<+kok nsukA
zzvk; ds lzksrksa esa o`f¼] thou Lrj ds ekudksa esa lqèkkj vkSj {ks=k ds lexz fodkl ds lanHkZ esa LFkkuh; yksxksa esa i;ZVu
ds egÙo ds izfr tkx:drk mRiUu djukA
zzleqnk; vkèkkfjr fodkl vkSj xjhcksUeq[kh i;ZVu ladYiuk dk fodkl djukA
zzi;ZVu {kerk dk jks”kxkj l`tu vkSj vk£Fkd fodkl esa izR;{k vkSj csgrj izHkko ds fy;s mfpr <ax ls nksgu djukA
zzlkoZtfud iwath vkSj fo'ks"kKrk dk ykHk mBkukA
izlkn ;kstuk
(Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spirituality Augmentation Drive–PRASAD Scheme)
Hkkjr esa ?kjsyw i;ZVu dk fodkl o`gn~ :i ls rhFkZ ;k=kk i;ZVu ij fuHkZj djrk gSA bl {kerk dk nksgu djus ds
fy;s p;fur rhFkZ LFky xarO;ksa ds lexz fodkl dh vko';drk gSA blhfy;s ljdkj }kjk 2014&15 ds ctV Hkk"k.k esa
^rhFkZ ;k=kk dk;kdYi rFkk vkè;kfRed lao¼Zu vfHk;ku* (izlkn) dks 'kq: djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA èkkfeZd xarO;ksa esa
lrr~ rjhds ls i;ZVdksa ds vkd"kZ.k dks c<+kdj mUgsa laiw.kZ i;ZVu vuqHko iznku djuk] lrr~ rhFkZ ;k=kk i;ZVu dks
izksRlkfgr djuk rFkk rhFkZ ;kf=k;ksa ds lqj{kk mik;ksa dks e”kcwr djrs gq, mUgsa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ i;ZVu lsok iznku djuk bl
;kstuk dk è;s; gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr izlkn ;kstuk eas 12 'kgjksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSAk p;u fd;k x;k gS&
vejkorh (vkaèkz çns'k)] x;k (fcgkj)] }kjdk (xqtjkr)] ve`rlj (iatkc)] vtesj (jktLFkku)] dkaphiqje (rfeyukMq)]
osykaduh (rfeyukMq)] iqjh (vksfM'kk)] okjk.klh (mÙkj izns'k)] eFkqjk (mÙkj izns'k)] dsnkjukFk (mÙkjk[kaM)] dkek[;k
(vle)A orZeku le; esa 16 jkT;ksa ls 25 'kgjksa (lkbV) dks blds varxZr 'kkfey fd;k tk pqdk gSA
;kstuk ds izeq[k mn~ns';
zzlaiw.kZ èkk£ed i;ZVu vuqHko iznku djus ds fy;s O;ofLFkr] ladsafnzr vkSj lrr~ rjhds ls rhFkZ LFky xarO;ksa dk
,dhÑr fodkl djukA
zzèkkfeZd xarO;ksa esa fo'o Lrjh; volajpuk fodflr djukA
338
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjkT; ljdkj ,oa dsanz ljdkj ds lkFk gh futh {ks=k dks Hkh bl {ks=k esa fodkl gsrq izksRlkfgr djukA
zzfpfÉr LFkyksa esa i;ZVdksa dh vko';drk ds vuq:i O;kid {ks=k fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djukA
uksV% îzlkn ;kstuk* ds varxZr 2016-17 pj.k ds fy;s 12 u, rhFkZ LFkyksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS& v;ksè;k (mÙkj izn's k)]
cæhukFk (mÙkjk[kaM)] csyjw (if'pe caxky)] nso?kj (>kj[kaM)] xq#o;wj (dsjy)] g”kjrcy vkSj dVjk (tEew&d'ehj)]
vksd
a kjs'oj (eè; izn's k)] lkseukFk (xqtjkr)] Jh'kSye vkSj fr#ifr (vkaèkz izn's k) rFkk =;acds'oj (egkjk"Vª)A
lsokvksa esa O;kikj ij lkekU; le>kSrk (General Agreement on Trade in Services–GATS)

le>kSrk lsokvksa eas varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ds fy;s varjk"ZVªh; fu;eksa dk igyk leqPp; gSA Hkkjr 1995 esa bl le>kSrs
ds izHkko esa vkus ds lkFk ls gh bldk gLrk{kjdÙkkZ gSA GATS us lsokvksa esa fo'o O;kikj ds izorZu dks dkuwuh :i
ls ckè;dkjh fu;eksa }kjk 'kkflr djus gsrq ,d :ijs[kk rS;kj dh gSA ;g O;fDrxr :i ls fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds lnL;ksa
}kjk dh xbZ izfrc¼rkvksa dh dbZ vuqlwfp;ksa }kjk le£Fkr gSA bu izfrc¼rkvksa ls tqMs+ lnL;ksa dks vkSj vfèkd izfrcaèkkRed
fu;eksa dks ykxw ugha djuk pkfg;s] ftuls O;kikj ij izfrdwy izHkko iMs+A Hkkjr us bl le>kSrs ds izHkko esa vkus ds lkFk
gh izkjafHkd izfrc¼rk trkbZ FkhA
bl le>kSrs ds rgr fuEufyf[kr lsokvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS& O;olk;] lapkj] fuekZ.k] forj.k] 'kSf{kd]
i;kZoj.kh;] foÙkh; (chek vkSj cSa¯dx)] LokLF; lacaèkh] lkekftd] i;ZVu o ;k=kk] euksjatu vkSj [ksydwn] ifjogu rFkk
vU;A
GATS ds varxZr lsokvksa dks vkiw£r ds vkèkkj ij 4 izdkjksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS
zzfons'kksa esa lsokvksa dh vkiw£r& blds varxZr fdlh lnL; ns'k }kjk lsokvksa dh vkiw£r vU; lnL; ns'k dks dh
tkrh gS] tSls& VsyhiQksu dkWyA
zzfons'kksa esa miHkksx& blds varxZr lsok miHkksDrk lsok izkIr djus ds fy;s fdlh nwljs lnL; ns'k esa tkrk gS]
tSls& i;ZVuA
zzokf.kfT;d fLFkfr& blds varxZr lsok iznkrk fdlh vU; lnL; ns'k esa viuh 'kk[kkvksa ds ekè;e ls lsokvksa dh
vkiw£r djrk gS] tSls& fons'kh cSad] gksVyA
zzO;fDr;ksa dk vkokxeu& blds varxZr fdlh lnL; ns'k dk dksbZ O;fDr] fdlh vU; lnL; ns'k esa tkdj viuh
lsok,¡ iznku djrk gS] tSls& Hkkjrh; lkWÝVos;j is'ksoj] MkWDVj] vè;kid vkfnA
GATS ds rgr nks izdkj ds fu;e gSa
zzlkekU; fu;e% ;s lHkh lsokvksa esa O;kikj ds fy;s lHkh Hkkxksa esa ykxw gksrs gSa] tSls& lokZfèkd ojh;rk izkIr ns'kA
zzjk"Vªh; izfrc¼rk ds fy;s izHkkoh fu;e% ;s fof'k"V lsok {ks=kksa esa ykxw gksrs gSa] tSls& ck”kkj igq¡p vkSj jk"Vªh; mik;A
eksLV&isQoMZ&us'ku (Most Favured- Nation)

xSV le>kSrs ds vuqlkj ;fn ,d ns'k fdlh lsok ds fy;s ,d volj fons'kh jk"Vªksa ds fy;s fufeZr djrk gS rks og
fdlh [kkl ns'k ;k lewg dks vuqefr ugha iznku dj ldrk oju~ lHkh fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) ln~L;ksa dks ;g
volj iznku djuk iM+sxkA
blh fu;e ls NwV dqN ekeyksa esa iznku fd;k x;k gS ftlds rgr~ fdlh ns'k }kjk fdlh fo'ks"k ns'k dks dksbZ NwV]
izkFkfedrk] vU;ksa dh vis{kk de izfrjksèkdrk iznku dh tkrh gS ;g WTO ds fu;ekuqlkj gSA Hkkjr }kjk ikfdLrku]
viQxkfuLrku vkfn dks ;g ntkZ iznku fd;k x;k gSA
339
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Hkkjr esa lsok {ks=k esa dh xbZ ljdkjh igysa
(Government initiatives made in service sector in India)
Hkkjr ljdkj us lsok {ks=k esa lao`f¼ lao¼Zu ds egÙo dks ns[krs gq, O;kid fofHkUurk okys {ks=kksa] ;Fkk& LokLF;
ns[kHkky] i;ZVu] f'k{kk] bathfu;fjax] lapkj] ifjogu] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh] cSa¯dx] foÙk] izcaèku vkSj vU; esa dbZ izksRlkgu
jkf'k;k¡ iznku dh gSaA ljdkj dh izkFkfedrk Hkfo"; esa lsokvksa ds fy;s O;kikj lqxerk le>kSrs (Vh,iQ,) dh vksj dk;Z
djus dh gS] tks fd is'ksojksa ds lqxe vkokxeu esa ennxkj gksxkA Hkkjr ljdkj us chrs fnuksa esa dqN izeq[k igyksa dks
viuk;k gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzbysDVªkWfudh vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; us ,d lsok iksVZy dh 'kq#vkr dh gS] ftldk y{; f'k{kk] LokLF;]
fo|qr] ty ,oa LFkkuh; lsok,¡_ U;k; ,oa fofèk isa'ku ,oa ykHk ls lacafèkr ljdkjh lsokvksa dh fuckZèk igq¡p ,dy
f[kM+dh ds ekè;e ls miyCèk djkuk gSA
zzns'k esa vkWuykbu iksVZy ds ekè;e ls ljdkj ls O;kikj (G2B) lsokvksa rd rs”kh ls vkSj dq'ky igq¡p dks l{ke
djds dkjksckjh ekgkSy esa lqèkkj djus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ds ^vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx* (DIPP) okf.kT;
vkSj m|ksx ea=kky; rFkk futh daiuh baiQksfll }kjk ^bZ&fct ;kstuk* 'kq: dh xbZA ;g ;kstuk Hkkjr ljdkj dh jk"Vªh;
bZ&'kklu ;kstuk ds rgr ,dhÑr lsokvksa dh ifj;kstukvksa esa ls ,d gS rFkk 31 fe'ku eksM ifj;kstukvksa dk fgLlk
gSA bl ;kstuk dk y{; Hkkjr esa ,d fuos'kd vuqdwy dkjksckjh okrkoj.k rS;kj djuk gS] tgk¡ lacafèkr fofHkUu
fgrèkkjdksa dks O;kikj 'kq: djus] mlds ifjpkyu rFkk ;gk¡ rd fd mlds lekiu ls lacafèkr lHkh fofu;ked
lwpuk,¡ vklkuh ls miyCèk gksaA
zzHkkjr ljdkj us egÙoiw.kZ :i ls O;kikfjd oh”ks dh vuqefr lfgr viuh oh”kk iz.kkyh dks mnkjhÑr djus dh
;kstuk cukbZ gS] ftlls Hkkjr ds lsok fu;kZrksa dks xfr feyus dh mEehn gSA
zzlapkj ,oa bysDVªkWfudh vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; us xzke Lrj ds m|fe;ksa ds funsZ'ku gsrq jk"Vªh; fo'ks"kKksa ls
ckrphr djus esa l{ke cukus ds fy;s bZ&lsok forj.k dsanz ds dk;Zjr gksus ds lkFk gh lkekU; lsok dsanz ;k bZ&lsok
dsanzksa dh la[;k dks orZeku ds 1,50,000 ls c<+kdj 2,50,000 djus dh ;kstuk ?kksf"kr dh gSA
zzHkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad us FkMZ ikVhZ OgkbV yscy ,Vh,e dks LohÑfr ns nh gS] ftlds }kjk varjkZ"Vªh; izhisM dkMZ lfgr
varjkZ"Vªh; dkMks± dks Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr gksxh] lkFk gh OgkbV yscy ,Vh,e dks udnh vkiw£r ds fy;s fdlh
Hkh okf.kfT;d cSad ls le>kSrs dh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA
zzlsokvksa ij vfrfjDr djksa dks de djus ds fy;s rFkk iwjs ns'k esa ,d izdkj osQ dj dh nj lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s
oLrq ,oa lsok dj dks ykxw fd;k x;k gSA
zzljdkj us ns'k esa 'kksèk ,oa vuqlaèkku ds lao¼Zu gsrq bl {ks=k esa fd;s x, O;; ij 200 izfr'kr ,drjiQk dj jkgr
iznku djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA ljdkj }kjk vVy vUos"k.k fe'ku (,vkbZ,e) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS] ftlds rgr
vUos"k.k dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, fo'o Lrjh; vUos"k.k Ükà[kyk fodflr djus dk y{; gSA lkFk gh lsrq (Self
Employment and Talent Utilisation–SETU) dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr fo'o Lrjh; izkS|ksfxdh; O;olk; dks enn
igq¡pkus rFkk LVkVZvi fc”kusl dks izksRlkgu iznku djus ds fy;s dh xbZ gSA
zzfoxr dqN o"kks± esa Hkkjr us lsokvksa esa O;kikj ds izksRlkgu gsrq flaxkiqj] nf{k.k dksfj;k] tkiku vkSj eysf'k;k ds lkFk
foLr`r f}i{kh; O;kikj le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s gSaA
zzO;kikj uhfr mik;ksa eas ^lOMZ izQkWe bafM;k Ldhe* dks izfrLFkkfir djrs gq, ^l£olst ,DliksV~lZ izQkWe bafM;k Ldhe*
dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA blds lkFk gh i;ZVu vkSj tgk”kjkuh tSls {ks=kksa ds fy;s izo£rr Ldhesa vkSj lsok {ks=k ds
fy;s fMftVkbts'ku rFkk ,iQMhvkbZ mnkjhdj.k bR;kfn mik; fd;s tk jgs gSaA
oLrq ,oa lsok dj ds dj nj fuèkkZj.k gsrq gq;h 39oha GST lfefr dh cSBd eas (14 ekpZ 2020) dj dh u;h
njsa fuèkkZfjr dh x;h tks 1 vizSy 2020 ls ykxw gks x;hA orZeku esa nj fuEufy[fkr gS&
340
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
oLrq iqjkuh nj (% esa) ubZ njsa (% esa)
ekskcbZy iQksu ,oa ikVZl 12 18
,;jØkÝV esaVfual] fjis;j] vksojgkWfyax 18 5
gksVy 750 izfrfnu ls T;knk fdjk;k 28 18
gks V y 1001–7500 #i;s iz f rfnu 18 12
fdjk;k
bZ&okgu 12 5
frFkZ;kf=k grq ok;qekxZ ;k=kk 28 18
vè;k;&7
^jktLFkku vFkZO;oLFkk % lao`f¼ ,oa o`gn~ ifjn`'; * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
jktLFkku&Hkkjr dk rqyukRed fooj.k

(Comparative Description of Rajsthan India)
jktLFkku dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk vf[ky Hkkjr ls rqyukRed fooj.k
lwpd o"kZ bdkbZ jktLFkku Hkkjr
HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy 2011 yk[k oxZ fdeh- 3.42 32.87
tula[;k 2011 djksM+ 6.85 121.09
n'kdh; o`f¼ nj 2001–2011 izfr'kr 21.3 17.7
tula[;k ?kuRo 2011 tula [ ;k iz f r oxZ 200 382
fdeh-
dq y tula [ ;k dks 2011 izfr'kr 24.96 31.1
'kgjh tula[;k dk
izfr'kr
vuqlwfpr tkfr dh 2011 izfr'kr 17.8 16.6
tula[;k
vuqlwfpr tutkfr dh 2011 izfr'kr 13.5 8.6
tula[;k
fyaxkuqikr 2011 efgyk,¡ iz f r gtkj 928 943
iq#"k
cky fyaxkuqikr (0–6 2011 cfydk,¡ izfr gtkj 888 919
o"kZ) ckyd
lk{kjrk nj 2011 izfr'kr 66.1 73.0
lk{kjrk nj (iq#"k) 2011 izfr'kr 79.2 80.9
lk{kjrk nj (efgyk) 2011 izfr'kr 52.1 64.6
dk;Z lgHkkfxrk nj 2011 izfr'kr 43.6 39.8

341
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
tUe nj 2017 izfr gtkj tula[;k 24.1 20.2
e`R;q nj 2017 izfr gtkj tula[;k 6.0 6.3
f'k'kq e`R;q nj 2017 izfr gtkj thfor tUe 38 33
ekr` e`R;q vuqikr 2015–17 izfr yk[k thfor tUe 186 122
tUe ds le; thou 2013–17 o"kZ 68.5 69.0
izR;k'kk
jktLFkku ds vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lao`f¼ ds eq[; lwpd

(Main Indicator of Economic Development and Growth of Rajasthan)
Øa-l- fooj.k bdkbZ 2018–19 2019–20
1 2 3 4 5
1. lady jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn (v) ` djksM+ 677428 711627
fLFkj (2011–12) dherksa ij (c) 942586 1020989
izpfyr dherksa ij
2. lady jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vkfFkZd izfr'kr 6.97 5.05
o`f¼ nj 12.86 8.32
(v) fLFkj (2011–12) dherksa ij

(c) izpfyr dherksa ij
3. ldy jkT; ewY; oèkZu fLFkj izfr'kr 25.04 25.19
(2011–12) cqfu;knh ewY;kas dk 31.59 30.67
43.37 44.14
{ks=kokj ;ksxnku
(v) Ñf"k
(c) m|ksx
(l) lsok,¡
4. ldy jkT; ewY; oèkZu izpfyr izfr'kr 25.16 25.56
cqfu;knh ewY;ksa dk {ks=kiQy ;ksxnku 29.09 27.81
45.75 46.63
(v) Ñf"k
(c) m|ksx
(l) lsok,¡
5. 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ` djksM+ 600435 630695
916014 916014
6. izfr O;fDr vk; ` djksM+ 78570 81355
110606 118159
342
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
7. ldy LFkkbZ iwath fuekZ.k izpfyr ` djksM+ 256731 –
dherksa ij (@)
8. Ñf"k mRiknu lwpdkad* (vkèkkj o"kZ 184.25 –
2005–06 ls 2007–08 = 100)
9. dqy [kk|kUu mRiknu* yk[k eS- Vu 231.25* 249.88*
10. vkS | ks f xd mRiknu lw p dka d 140.37 127.76$$
(vkèkkjo"kZ 2011–12 = 100)
11. Fkksd Hkko lwpdkad (vkèkkjo"kZ 301.74 313.63$
1999–2000 = 100 ) iz f r'kr 3.22 3.94
ifjorZu
12. vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy;s miHkksDrk 282 312#
ewY; lwpdkad** 272 291#
278 295
(vkèkkj o"kZ 2001= 100)
(v) t;iqj dsanz
(c) vtesj dsanz
(l) HkhyokM+k dsanz
13. vfèk"Bkfir {kerk (mQtkZ) esxokV 21078 21176$
14. okf.kfT;d cSad lk[k (flracj) ` djksM+ 267523 315149
* Ñf"k o"kZ ls lacafèkr gSA
+ vafre
** dSys.Mj o"kZ ls lacafèkr gSA
@ izkoèkkfud
$ fnlacj] 2019 rd
$$ fnlacj] 2019 rd (izkoèkkfud)
# tuojh ls uoacj] 2019 rd
jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn (State Domestic product : SDP)

jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vuqeku jkT; esa mRikfnr leLr oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ewY; dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] tks fd jkT;
dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl dks ekius ds iz;qDr fd;s tkus okys egÙoiw.kZ lwpdksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g vuqeku jkT; esa
fd;s x, uhfrxr fu.kZ;ksa] fuos'k rFkk miyCèk djk, x, voljksa ds ifj.kkeksa dh o`gn~ rLohj izLrqr djrk gSA
jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn jkT; ds vkfFkZd fodkl dk izfrfcac gS rFkk blls rS;kj dh xbZ izfr O;fDr vk;] tu lewg ds
dY;k.k dk mi;qDr ekinaM gSA vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;] jktLFkku }kjk fu;fer :i ls jkT; ds ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn ds vuqeku rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk jk"Vªh; ys[kk izHkkx] dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy;] lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;ZØe
dk;kZUo;u ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iznÙk fn'kk&funsZ'kkas vkSj dk;Ziz.kkyh (esFkMksykWth) ds vuqlkj le;≤ ij v|ru
fd;k tk jgk gSA
ldy vuqeku = ldy ewY;
'kq¼ vuqeku = ldy ewY; – LFkk;h iwath miHkksx ewY;
343
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku ds jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vuqeku izpfyr ,oa fLFkj nksuksa dherksa ij rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSaA jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn
vuqeku vFkZO;oLFkk ds lHkh {ks=kksa ds fy;s ldy ,oa 'kq¼ nksuksa vkèkkj ij rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSaA bu nksuksa ds eè; ;g
varj gS fd ldy vuqekuksa esa ls LFkk;h iwath dk miHkksx (lh-,iQ-lh-), tks fd mRiknu dh izfØ;k esa iz;qDr gksrk gS]
?kVk;k ugha tkrk gS] tcfd 'kq¼ vuqekuksa ds fy;s ldy ewY;ksa ds leadksa esa ls LFkk;h iwath dk miHkksx (lh-,iQ-lh-)
?kVk;k tkrk gSA
ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn (Gross State Domestic product)

jkT; vFkZO;oLFkk ds varxZr fcuk nksgjh x.kuk fd;s gq, ,d fuf'pr vofèk esa mRikfnr leLr oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa
ds ekSfnzd ewY; dks ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dgk tkrk gSA ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vuqekuksa dks ck”kkj ewY;ksa ij izpfyr
,oa fLFkj nksukas dherksa ij vuqekfur fd;k tkrk gSA
ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn (izpfyr dherksa ij )
izpfyr dherksa ij ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ds vuqeku Kkr djus ds fy;s o"kZ ds nkSjku mRikfnr fofHkUu mRiknksa
ds izpfyr ewY;ksa dk ewY;akdu djds fd;k tkrk gSA izpfyr dherksa ij ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vuqeku le; ds lkFk
okLrfod vkfFkZd fodkl dks izdV ugha djrk gS] D;ksafd blesa fuEufyf[kr dkjdksa dk lkewfgd izHkko lfEefyr gS]
(i) oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh ek=kk esa ifjorZu rFkk (ii) oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ewY; esa ifjorZuA
vfxze vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] lkadsfrd vFkok izpfyr dherksa ij ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn o"kZ 2019–20 esa
` 10.21 yk[k djksM+ vuqekfur gS tks o"kZ 2018–19 esa 9.43 yk[k djksM+ FkkA tks fd o"kZ 2018–19 ds 12.86 izfr'kr
fd rqyuk esa 2019–20 esa 8.52 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ n'kkZrk gSA
ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn fLFkj (2011–12) dherksa ij
ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn vuqekuksa esa ewY; ifjorZu@eqnzkLiQhfr ds izHkko dks 'kwU; djus ds fy;s] oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa
ds ewY; dh x.kuk gsrq vkèkkj o"kZ ds :i esa fuf'pr o"kZ dh dherksa dk mi;ksx djds fLFkj ewY;ksa ij th,lMhih dh
x.kuk dh tkrh gSA
o"kZ 2019–20 esa okLrfod@fLFkj 2011–12 dherksa ij ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ` 7.12 yk[k djksM+ gksus dk vuqeku gS
tks o"kZ 2018–19 ds ` 6.77 yk[k djksM+ dh rqyuk esa 5.05 izfr'kr o`f¼ O;Dr djrk gSA
jktLFkku dk ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ,oa Hkkjr dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
(GSDP of Rajathan & GDP of India)
izpfyr dherksa ij jkT; dk ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dk va'k] vf[ky Hkkjrh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ls o"kZ 2011&12
esa 4-98% Fkk] ftlds c<+dj o"kZ 2017&18 esa 5-05% gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
jktLFkku dk 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn
o"kZ fLFkj 2011– 12 izpfyr dherksa ij
dherksa ij
'kq: jkT; ?kjsyw xfr o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyq xrZ o"kZ dh rqyuk esa
mRikn varj (% esa) mRikn (% esa) va{kk
2017–18 560787 5.77 748555 9.63
2018–19 600435 7.07 845247 12.92
2019–20 (vuqekfur) 630695 5.04 916014 8.37

344
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vf[ky Hkkjrh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa jktLFkku dk vuqikr izpfyr dherksa ij
(` djksM+)
jktLFkku vf[ky Hkkjr vf[ky Hkkjr esa
o"kZ ldy jkT; ?kjsyw er o"kZ ls o`f¼ ldy jkT; ?kjsyw er o"kZ ls o`f¼ va'k (izfr'kr)
mRikn (izfr'kr) mRikn (izfr'kr)
2014–15 615642 11.73 12467959 10.99 4.94
2015–16 681482 10.69 13771874 10.46 4.95
2016–17 760750 11.63 15362386 11.55 4.95
2017–18 835170 9.78 17095005 11.28 4.89
2018–19 942586 12.86 19010164 11.20 4.96
2019–20 (v) 1020989 8.32 20442233 7.53 4.99
jkT; ds fy;s o"kZ 2017–18 la'kksfèkr vuqeku&III o"kZ 2018–19 la'kksfèkr vuqeku&I vkSj
o"kZ 2019–20 vfxze vuqeku (va)
vf[ky Hkkjr ds fy;s o"kZ 2018–19 izkoèkkfud vuqeku vkSj o"kZ 2019–20 vfxze vuqeku
vf[ky Hkkjrh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa jktLFkku dk vuqikr fLFkj (2011&12) dherksa ij (` djksM+)
jktLFkku vf[ky Hkkjr vf[ky Hkkjr esa
o"kZ ldy jkT; ?kjsyw er o"kZ ls o`f¼ ldy jkT; er o"kZ ls o`f¼ va'k (izfr'kr)
mRikn (izfr'kr) ?kjsyw mRikn (izfr'kr)
2014–15 521509 7.26 10527674 7.41 4.95
2015–16 563340 8.02 11369493 8.00 4.95
2016–17 597267 6.02 12298327 8.17 4.86
2017–18 633278 6.03 13179857 7.17 4.80
2018–19 677428 6.97 14077586 6.81 4.81
2019–20 (v) 1020989 8.32 20442233 7.53 4.99
jkT; ds fy;s o"kZ 2017–18 la'kksfèkr vuqeku&III o"kZ 2018–19 la'kksfèkr vuqeku&I vkSj
o"kZ 2019–20 vfxze vuqeku (va)
vf[ky Hkkjr ds fy;s o"kZ 2018–19 izkoèkkfud vuqeku vkSj o"kZ 2019–20 vfxze vuqeku
'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn (,u-,l-Mh-ih-)

ldy ewY; leadksa esa ls LFkk;h iwathxr miHkksx dks ?kVkdj 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dk vuqeku izkIr fd;k tkrk
gSA LFkk;h iwath miHkksx iwathxr Ldaèk ds ml fgLls ds izfrLFkkiu ewY; dks ekirk gS] ftldk mi;ksx o"kZ ds nkSjku
mRiknu izfØ;k esa fd;k tkrk gSA
ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu (th-,l-oh-,-)

ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu (th-,l-oh-,-)
th ,l oh , vFkZO;oLFkk dh mRikndrk ekius dk iSeku gSA tks vFkZO;oLFkk esa mRiknd@vkiwfrZ i{k ds dqy mRiknu
vkSj vk; dks O;Dr djrk gS blesa dqy mRiknu ewY; eas ls ykxr vkSj dPps eky dh dherksa dks ?kVk fn;k tkrk gSA
;g {ks=kokj o`f¼ tSls m|ksx] Ñf"k vkfn ds vkèkkj ij Hkh Li"V fd;k tkrk gSAA
345
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fLFkj (2011–12) cqfu;knh ewY;ksa ij {ks=kokj th ,l oh , (jktLFkku)
o"kZ Ñf"k m|ksx (%) lsok (%) th,loh, (ldy)
(dqy th,loh, esa
fgLlk » esa)
2017–18 151803.09 196066 247408.49 595277.82
(25.5%) (32.94%) (41.56%) (100%)
2018–19 159347.97 201065.82 275988.82 6364020.62
(25.04%) (31.59%) (43.37%) (100%)
2019–20 (vuqekfur) 168352.49 205040.45 295011.99 668404.92
(25.19%) (30.67%) (44.14%) (100%)
{ks=kokj o`f¼ nj (» esa) fLFkj dherksa (2011&12) ij

{ks=k 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 (vuqekfur)
Ñf"k 2.04 4.97 5.65
m|ksx 5.02 2.55 1.98
lsok,¡ 8.44 11.55 6.89
Li"Vhdj.k&
Ñf"k & blesa iQly] i'kqikyu] okfudh rFkk eRL;u 'kkfeyA bldk jkT;ldy ewY;o¼Zu esa fgLlk yxkrkj de
gqvk gS ftlds 2019-20 eas xro"kZ dh rqyuk esa T;knk gksus dk vuqeku gSA
m|ksx& blesa [kuu] fofuekZ.k] fo|qr] xSl] tykiwfrZ] mipkjkRed lsok,¡ rFkk fuekZ.k 'kkfey gSA bldk fgLlk Hkh
ldy ewY;o¼Zu esa de gks jgk gSA
lsok,¡& besa O;kikj gksVy ,oa jsLVksjsaV] ifjogu] HkaMkj.k ,oa lapkj] foÙkh; lsok,¡] LFkkoj] laink] x`g LokfeRo
is'ksoj lsok,¡] yksd iz'kklu] jsyos ,oa vU; lsok,¡ vkrh gS mudk ;ksxnku yxkrkj c<+rk tk jgk gSA
izpfyr ewY;ksa ij {ks=kokj th-,l-oh-,-
(` djksM+ esa)
o"kZ Ñf"k ew Y ; (dq y m|ksx ewY; (fgLlk) lsok ewy fgLlk dqy ;ksx
GSVA esa fgLlk)
2017–18 208422.98 233147.24 348768.9 790339.13
(26.37%) (29.5%) (44.13%) (100%)
2018–19 224515.27 259513.42 408211.79 892240.49
(25.16%) (29.09%) (45.75%) (100%)
2019–20 (vuqekfur) 247175.81 268968.89 450873.95 967018.65

(25.56%) (27.81%) (46.63%) (100%)
izfr O;fDr vk; (Per Capita Income)

izfr O;fDr vk; dh x.kuk 'kq¼ jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dks jkT; dh dqy tula[;k ls foHkkftr dj izkIr dh tkrh gSA
izfr O;fDr vk; yksxksa ds thou Lrj ,oa dY;k.k dk lwpd gSA
346
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
;fn jktLFkku dh izfrO;fDr vk; dk Hkkjr ds izfr O;fDr vk; ls rqyuk djsa rks&
zz2018–19 esa tgk¡ jktLFkku dh izfr O;fDr vk; ` 92,565 gksus dk vuqeku gS tks xr o"kZ 2017–18 ls 5.55 izfr'kr
o`f¼ dks O;Dr dj jgk rks ;g vk¡dM+k Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa ` 92.565 ,oa o`f¼ nj 5.64 izfr'kr jgk vFkkZr~ jktLFkku
dh izfr O;fDr ,oa o`f¼ nj vk; jk"Vªh; vk; ,oa o`f¼ nj ls de FkhA
zz2019–20 ds lanHkZ esa jktLFkku dh izfr O;fDr vk; 81355 ,oa o`f¼ nj 3.54 jgus dk vuqeku gS tks Hkkjr ds lanHkZ
esa 96563 ,oa nj 4.32 izfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku gS vFkkZr jktLFkku dh o`f¼ nj Hkkjr ds vkSlr o`f¼ nj ls de gksxhA
jktLFkku dh izfr O;fDr vk;
iz.kkyh o"kZ 2018–19 2019–20 (vuqekfur) o`f¼ nj % esa
fLFkj ewY; ij (2011–12) ` 78,570 ` 81,355 3.54
izpfyr ewY; ij ` 1,10,606 ` 1,18,158 6.83
ldy LFkk;h iwath fuekZ.k (Gross fixed Capital formation)

ldy LFkk;h iwath fuekZ.k dks o"kZ ds nkSjku mRiknudÙkkZ }kjk l`ftr dh xbZ ifjlaifÙk;ksa esa ls fuLrkfjr laifÙk;ksa
dks ?kVkus ds ckn rFkk x.kuk vofèk esa xSj&mRikfnr ifjlaifÙk;ksa dks mRiknu xfrfofèk;ksa esa mi;ksx dh dher ds vkèkkj
ij ekik tkrk gSA
izpfyr dherksa ij o"kZ 2018–19 esa dqy laifÙk;k¡ ` 256731 djksM+ vuqekfur gS tks ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dk
27.24 izfr'kr gS og 2017–18 dh rqyuk esa 10.63 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ n'kkZrk gSA
ldy LFkk;h iwath fuekZ.k (izkoèkkfud)
(` djksM+)
{ks=k 2017–18 2018–19
futh 170504 188189
lkoZtfud 61559 68542
dqy 232063 256731
{ks=kokj ldy LFkkbZ iwath fuekZ.k (izkoèkkfud)

(` djksM+)
Ø- l- {ks=k 2017–18 2018–19
1. Ñf"k 10260 11581
2. okfudh 177 124
3. eRL; 4 3
4. [kuu 2724 2939
5. iathÑr fofuekZ.k 14327 15471
6. fuekZ.k 79633 89135
7. fo|qr xSl tykiwfrZ 14826 17713
8. jsyos 1120 1159
9. lapkj 8429 8121
10. viathÑr fofuekZ.k VsªM] gksVy] jsLVksjsaV] 11113 1272
;krk;kr ,oa vU; lsok,¡
347
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11. cSafdx ,oa chek 848 883
12. LFkkoj laink 57907 63358
13. yksd iz'kklu 30697 34072
;ksx 232063 256731
jktLFkku ds Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (MCY;w-ih-vkbZ-) (vkèkkj o"kZ 1999-2000 = 100)

Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad ,d ,slk lkekU; lwpdkad gS tks Fkksd ewY;ksa ds mrkj&p<+ko (ifjorZu) dks O;kid :Ik ls
O;Dr djrk gS vkSj lHkh izdkj ds O;kikj ,oa ysu&nsuksa esa oLrqvksa ds ewY; ds ifjorZu dks O;Dr djus dk ,d ladsrd
gSA ewY; lwpdkad lead dbZ mn~ns';ksa ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gaSA jkT; Lrjh; Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad ldy jkT;
?kjsyw mRikn dh x.kuk esa ,d izkFkfed lwpd ds :Ik esa mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA budks vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqnzkLiQhfr nj
dks ekius esa Hkh mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA ;s lwpdkad fofHkUu oLrq lewg] tSls& izkFkfed oLrqvksa] Ñf"k oLrqvksa] dPps
eky dh dherksa] vkS|ksfxd mRiknkas dh dherksa] [kk|kUu o v[kk|kUu oLrqvksa dh dherksa esa gksus okys lkis{k ifjorZuksa
dh fuxjkuh esa Hkh mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA ewY; lwpdakd jkT; Lrj ij dherksa esa gq, ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; ,oa oSf'od
Lrj ij dherksa dh rqyuk esa lgk;d gSA
Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad (vkèkkj o"kZ 1999-2000 = 100) ljdkj dh O;kikj] jktLo] ekSfnzd ,oa vU; vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa
ds fuekZ.k esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ fuèkkZjd ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA bls cSadksa] m|ksxksa o O;kikj txr ds }kjk O;kid :i
ls mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gSA bls ekfld vkèkkj ij tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA blesa 154 oLrqvksas dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS]
ftlesa ls 75 izkFkfed oLrq lewg esa] 69 fofufeZr mRikn lewg esa rFkk 10 b±èku ,oa ÅtkZ lewg esa lfEefyr gSaA izkFkfed
oLrq lewg dks 33.894] fofufeZr mRikn lewg dks 49.853 rFkk b±èku ,oa ÅtkZ lewg dks 16.253 Hkkjkadu fn;k x;k gSA
jkT; dk lkekU; Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad o"kZ 2018 esa 300.27 ls 3.43 izfr'kr c<+dj o"kZ 2019 esa 310.56 jgk gSA
miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad (lh-ih-vkbZ-)

vc miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad ij vkèkkfjr eqnzkLiQhfr ij vfèkd è;ku fn;k tk jgk gS] tcfd iwoZ esa Fkksd ewY;
lwpdkad vkèkkfjr eqnzkLiQhfr ij vfèkd è;ku fn;k tkrk FkkA Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad Ükà[kyk esa O;kid :i ls oLrqvksa
dks lfEefyr dj oLrqvksa dks Hkkj fn;k x;k gS] ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqnzkLiQhfr dks csgrj :i ls iznf'kZr fd;k tk
ldsA ;|fi ljdkj miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad dks Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad ls vfèkd egÙo nsrh gS] D;ksafd ;g gj miHkksDrk
dks izHkkfor djrk gSA p;fur lewg ds O;fDr;ksa }kjk miHkksx esa yh tk jgh oLrqvksa ,oa mi;ksxh lsokvksa ds vkbVEl
ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa esa vk jgs ifjorZu ds vè;;u gsrq pkj fofHkUu izdkj ds miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad izfrekg rS;kj fd;s
tk jgs gSa& (v) vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa gsrq (lh-ih-vkbZ-&vkbZ-MCY;w-) (c) Ñf"k Jfedksa gsrq (lh-ih-vkbZ-&,-,y-) (l)
xzkeh.k Jfedksa gsrq (lh-ih-vkbZ-&vkj-,y-) vkSj (n) xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh gsrq (lh-ih-vkbZ-&vkj-,.M ;w-)A izFke rhu izdkj
ds lwpdkad Je C;wjks] f'keyk rFkk prqFkZ lwpdkad dsanzh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (lh-,l-vks-)] ubZ fnYyh }kjk rS;kj dj
tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA
vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy;s miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad

(lh-ih-vkbZ-&vkbZ-MCY;w-) (vkèkkkj o"kZ 2001=100)
;g miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad ns'k esa vkSlr vkS|ksfxd Jfed ifjokj }kjk miHkksx dh tk jgh oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa
ds LFkk;h ckLdsV ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa esa gksus okys lkef;d ifjorZuksa dks ekius dk lkèku gS vkSj bl izdkj ;g vkS|ksfxd
348
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Jfedksa ds miHkksx Lrj esa gksus okys ifjorZu gsrq ,d egÙoiw.kZ lwpd gSA miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad&vkbZ-MCY;w- ds yf{kr
lewg esa dkj[kkus] [kuu {ks=k] o`{kkjksi.k] eksVj ifjogu] iksr] jsYkos ,oa fo|qr {ks=k (mRiknu o forj.k) esa fu;ksftr
Jfed 'kkfey gSaA ;g lwpdkad eq[;r% lkoZtfud ,oa futh {ks=k ds deZpkfj;ksa ds eg¡xkbZ HkÙks ds fuèkkZj.k ds mi;ksx
esa yk;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij dsanzh; Ük`[kayk dk miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad&vkbZ-MCY;w- ns'k Hkj ds vkS|ksfxd :i ls
fodflr 78 p;fur dsanzksa ds fy;s rS;kj fd;s tk jgs gSa] ftlesa jkT; ds rhu dsanz (t;iqj] vtesj o HkhyokM+k) 'kkfey
gSaA vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ 2001=100 gSA jkT; ds t;iqj] vtesj o HkhyokM+k
dsanzksa ds vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy;s miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad Je C;wjks] f'keyk }kjk rS;kj dj tkjh fd;s tkrs gSaA
o"kZ 2019 ds nkSjku lHkh rhuksa dsanzksa ij o"kZ 2018 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019 esa o`f¼ nj ntZ dh x;h gS ,oa dherksa
esa c<+r dh izo`fÙk cuh jghA vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij okf"kZd vkèkkj ij miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad o"kZ 2018 ds fnlacj
rd 295 ls c<+dj o"kZ 2019 uoacj ekg rd 316 gks x;h ogha vkSlr okf"kZd vkèkkj ij eqnzk LiQhfr nj uoacj 2019
rd 7.12 izfr'kr jgh gS tks xr o"kZ 4.98 izfr'kr FkhA lkekU; miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad o"kZ 2019 esa fiNys o"kZ dh
rqyuk esa t;iqj dsanz ij 10.64%, vtesj 6.99%, rFkk HkhyokM+k dsanz ij 6.12 nj vfèkd jgkA
Ñf"k Jfedksa ds fy;s lkekU; miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad

(lh-ih-vkbZ-&,-,y-) (vkèkkj o"kZ 1986–87 = 100)
Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k Jfedksa ds fy;s Hkh miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad Je C;wjks f'keyk }kjk vkèkkj o"kZ 1986–87=100
ij rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSaA jktLFkku jkT; ,oa vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ds o"kZ 2015–16 ls Ñf"k Jfedksa ds fy;s miHkksDrk
ewY; lwpdkad fuEufyf[kr rkfydk esa n'kkZ, x, gSa&
vkèkkj o"kZ 1986–87 = 10 (Ñf"k o"kZ 1 tqykbZ ls 31 twu )
o"kZ jktLFkku Hkkjr
2017–18 899 950 846 893
2018–19 951 997 863 920
2019–20 1039 1071 938 983
(vuqekfur)
lkekU; miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad (xzkeh.k] 'kgjh ,oa la;qDr) (vkèkkj o"kZ 2012 = 100)
jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh dk;kZy; (,u-,l-vks)] lkaf[;dh vkSj dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=kky; }kjk xzkeh.k] 'kgjh rFkk la;qDr
ds fy;s vf[ky Hkkjr rFkk jkT;@l- jkT; gsrq vyx&vyx miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad tkjh fd;s tk jgs gSA tuojh 2011
ls uohu vkèkkj o"kZ 2012 dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gSA gkfy;k o"kks± dk lkekU; miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkad fuEufyf[kr
lkj.kh esa fn;k x;k gS&
o"kZ jktLFkku vf[ky Hkkjr
Ø-l-
la;qDr 'kgjh la;qDr xzkeh.k 'kgjh la;qDr
1. 2017 137.29 132.96 135.73 135.63 131.03 133.5
2. 2018 139.33 138.56 139.05 140.23 136.5 138.77
3. 2019 (vuqekfru) 144.7 143.65 144.34 144.22 142.32 147.35

349
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jktLFkku esa fodkl ds izeq[k {ks=k
(Main Sector Development in Rajasthan)
mQtkZ (Energy)
jktLFkku jkT; esa LFkkfir dqy mQtkZ (fnlacj 2019 rd) 21175 esxkokV gS ftlesa 'kkfey gSa&rkih; mQtkZ (8380
esxokV) ijek.kq mQtkZ (456 esxkokV)] ty fo|qr mQtkZ (1757 esxokV)] lkSj mQtkZ] iou mQtkZ] xSl] ck;ksxSl mQtkZA
v{k; mQtkZ
v{k; mQtkZ lacaèkh fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzlkSj mQtkZ& uohdj.kh; mQtkZ ea=kky; ds vuqlkj jktLFkku esa lkSj lzksrksa ls 142 xhxkokV {kerk mRiknu dh miyCèkrk
gSA jkT; esa fnlacj 2019 rd 4,637 esxkokV ds lkSj mQtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir gks pqds Fks lkFk gh jkT; ljdkj }kjk blesa
fuos'k c<+kus ds fy;s jktLFkku lkSj mQtkZ uhfr] 2019 tkjh dh x;h gSA
zziou mQtkZ& uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ea=kky; Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vè;;uksa ls ;g O;Dr fd;k x;k gS fd jktLFkku esa
120 ehVj m¡QpkbZ ij iou mQtkZ {kerk yxHkx 1,27,750 esxkokV rd gSA fnlacj 2019 rd jkT; esa 4310.5 esxkokV
{kerk ds iou mQtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gSaA
zzckW;ksekal mQtkZ& jktLFkku esa ck;ksekl ds izeq[k lzksr ljlksa dh rwM+h ,oa twyhÝyksjk gSA fnlacj 2019 rd jkT; esa
120.45 esxkokV {kerk ds 13 ck;ksekl mQtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gSaA
mQtkZ ls lacafèkr dqN uhfr;k¡

zzizèkkuea=kh lkSHkkX; ;kstuk& lHkh ifjokjksa rd fo|qr igq¡pkus ds fy;s izèkkuea=kh lgt fctyh gj ?kj ¶lkSHkkX; ;kstuk¸
11 vDVwcj 2017 dks 'kq: dh x;hA
zzjktLFkku mQtkZ laj{k.k iqjLdkj&o"kZ 2009 ls mQtkZ laj{k.k gsrq fd;s x;s dk;ks± ds fy;s izR;sd o"kZ 14 fnlacj dks
^jktLFkku mQtkZ laj{k.k iqjLdkj* lekjksg dk vk;kstu jktLFkku v{k; mQtkZ fuxe }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
lM+d (Road)
vPNh lM+dsa ifjpkyu ykxr esa 30 ls 40 izfr'kr dh deh ykrh gSa ;s mQtkZ ladV ,oa isVªksfy;e b±èku ds laj{k.k
dh n`f"V ls cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSaA jktLFkku es izFke okj o"kZ 2001 dh tux.kukuqlkj xkaoksa dks lM+dksa ls tksM+us dh 'kq:vkr
dh x;hA o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku 324 xkaoksa dks yf{kr fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa lM+dksa dh yackbZ ekpZ 2019 rd 2,64,244.05 fdeh- FkhA
zzlM+d ?kuRo jkT; esa 77.21 fdeh- gS tks jk"Vªh; vkSlr 143.08 fdeh- izfr 100 oxZ fdeh- ls de gSA
zzjkT; dh dqy lM+dksa esa 'kkfey gS& jk"Vªh; jktekxZ (10599 fdeh-) jkT; jktekxZ (15517 fdeh-) eq[; ftyk
lM+d (8757 fdeh-) vU; ftyk lM+d (53431) rFkk xzkeh.k lM+d (175937) fdehA
zzjktLFkku esa lM+dksa ls tqM+s xkaoksa dk izfr'kr 89.9 rd (la[;k 35737 xkao) igq¡p x;k gSA
lsok {ks=k (Service sector)

zzlsok {ks=k esa lokZfèkd 28.4% (2019–20) ;ksxnku O;kikj] gksVy rFkk tyiku x`g dk jgkA
zzi;ZVu& o"kZ 2019 esa jktLFkku esa dqy 538.26 yk[k i;ZVu dks vkxeu gqvk ftlesa ls 522 yk[k Lons'kh tcfd
16.06 yk[k fons'kh i;ZVd 'kkfey gSaA

350
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zzo"kZ 2019 esa VªSoy ,oa yhtj bafM;k }kjk jktLFkku dks ^csLV osfMax MsfLVus'ku* iqjLdkj ls iqjLÑr fd;k x;kA
zzckM+esj] tksèkiqj] tSlyesj] chdkusj esa vewrZ lkaLÑfrd fojklr ds fodkl grq jktLFkku i;ZVu foHkx }kjk ;wusLdksa
ds lkFk le>kSrk vDVwcj 2019 esa fd;k x;k gSA
cSafdax (Banking)
zzjktLFkku jkT; dh 764.4 yk[k tula[;k (vuqekfur 2019) ds vuqlkj vkSlru 10,204 O;fDr;ksa ij ,d cSad 'kk[kk
rFkk vkSlru 46 oxZ fdeh ij ,d cSad 'kk[kk dk;Zjr gSA
zz2019 esa jkT; esa tekvksa dh izfr'kr o`f¼ 11.97% rFkk Í.k forj.k (17.8 izfr'kr o`f¼) jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls vfèkd gSA
jktLFkku esa cSad 'kk[kk ds vuqlkj

cSad dk izdkj 'k[kkvksa dh la[;k
{ks=kh; xzkeh.k cSad 21941
fons'kh cSad 298
futh {ks=k ds cSad 32887
lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad 88400
y?kq foÙk cSad 3684
lHkh vuqlwfpr okf.kT; cSad 147210
zzLVSaM vi ;kstuk% ;g ,l lh vkSj ,l-Vh- rFkk efgyk m|fe;ksa ds fy;s lefiZr gS blesa 10 yk[k ls 1 djksM+ rd
dh Í.k lqfoèkk iznku dh tk jgh gS ftldks 7 o"kZ esa okil djuk gksrk gSA ;g jkf'k xSj Ñf"k {ks=k esa gfjr (u,)
{ks=k ds m|eksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy;s fn;k tkrk gSA jktLFkku jkT; esa 31 fnlacj 2019 rd ` 1212 yk[k fn;s x;s gSA
ljdkj dh egÙoiw.kZ tuksi;ksxh igy (lsok {ks=k)&
zzjktLFkku laidZ iksVZy dk mi;ksx dsafnz;Ñr f'kdk;r fuokj.k eap ds :i esa fd;k tk jgk gSA Vksy izQh uacj 181
Hkh blh fy;s tkjh gqvkA
zzjktusV&jktLFkku okbM ,fj;k usVodZ (jktLoku) ds }kjk iapk;r Lrj rd dusfDVfoVh gsrq fd;k tk jgk dk;ZA
zzjktLFkku Hkkjr dk igyk o ,dek=k jkT; gS ftlus fuokfl;ksa ds fganh esa bZ&esy miyCèk djok;k gSA
zzjktLFkku tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk& ^,d uacj] ,d dkMZ] ,d igpku* ds mn~ns'; ls 2019–20 esa 'kq: fd;k x;kA budk
mn~ns'; lkoZtfud dY;k.k ds ykHk dh ;kstukvksa dks ,dhÑr djuk gSA
Ñf"k ,oa laca¼ {ks=k (Agriculture & related sector) h 0.37%

okfud eRL;u
zzjktLFkku esa izpfyr ewY; ij bl {ks=k dk th,loh, esa ;ksxnku ,oa
2019–20 esa 2.47 yk[k djksM+ jgk gSA tks dqy th,loh, esa 25.56 ykWfxax
10.5%
izfr'kr fgLlk j[krk gSA
zzjktLFkku ds dqy {ks=kiQy 342.87 yk[k gsDVs;j eas ls 'kq¼ cks;k x;k 47.54%
{ks=kiQy 52.22 izfr'kr (183.49 yk[k gsDVs;j) gS tcfd 8.02 (27.56
41.54% iQlys
yk[k gsDVs) okfudh ds varxZr vkrk gSA
i'kqèku
zzjkT; esa dqy tksrksa dh la[;k 76.55 yk[k gSA
zzjkT; esa vkSlr tksr dk vkdkj 2.73 gsDVs;j gSA
zztksrksa dk vkdkj NksVk gksuk (x.kuk 2015–16) ;g O;Dr dj jgk gS izpfyr ewY;ksa ij Ñf"k ,oa laca¼ {ks=k
fd jktLFkku esa ikfjokfjd fo?kVu gks jgk gSA ds mi{ks=kksa dk ;ksxnku (2019–20 esa)
zzjkT; esa efgyk izpfyr Hkwfe tksrksa dh la[;k c<+h gS tks vc 7.75 yk[k (2010–11 esa ;g 5.46 yk[k Fkh) gSA
351
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Ñf"k x.kuk (2015–16) tksr vkdkj ds vuqlkj % esa
Js.kh izfr'kr
lhekUr (1 gsDVs;j ls de) 40.12
y?kq (1–2 gsDVs) 21.9
v¼Z eè;e (2–4 gsDVs) 18.5
eè;e (4–10 gsDVs) 14.79
c`gr vkdkj (10 gsDVs ls T;knk) 4.69
jktLFkku esa iQly mRiknu (yk[k fefVªd Vu)

Ø- iQly o"kZ 2018–19 vafre 2019–20 izkoèkkfud
v vukt (jch + [kjhiQ) 193.66 (127.79 + 65.8) 204.98(133.19 + 71.79)
c ngyu ([kjhiQ + jch) 37.59 (18.6 + 18.91) 44.9 (17.461 + 27.44)
v+c [kk|kUu ([kjhiQ + jch) 231.25 (84.55 + 146.7) 249.88 (89.25+ 160.63)
l frygu 76.57 65.79
n xUuk 4.48 2.5
; dikl 20.27 26.64
* dikl mRiknu yk[k xkaBks esa ,d xk¡B esa 170 fdyksxzkeA
jktLFkku mRiknu o"kZ&2018–19

iQy lfCt;k¡ elkys
{ks=kiQy gsDVs- esa 57933 166175 916848
mRiknu fefVªd Vu esa 956430 1602294 1096838
mRikndrk (fdxzk@gsDVs) 16509 9642 1196
jktLFkku dk dqy cks;k x;k {ks=k 123-49 yk[k gsDVs;j gS ftldk 75 izfr'kr o"kkZ ij fuHkZj tcfd ek=k 25 izfr'kr
(66-61 yk[k gsDVs;j) gh flafpr gSA ;g 25 izfr'kr flafpr {ks=k gh 50 izfr'kr mRiknu Hkkxhnkjh j[krs gSA
flapkbZ ds eq[; lkèku Tube-wells (V;wc osy) – 41.91%
zzlkèku ,oa cM+h flapkbZ 2-75A Open wells (dwaNh) – 31.62%
zzNksVh flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ 2-37 ftlesa lrg (Surface) ty dk Canals (ugj) – 24.45%
fgLlk 0-6 feyh- gsDVs;j tcfd Hkw&ty (Ground water) 1-77 Tanks (rkykc) – 0.84%
feyh- gsDVs;j 'kkfeyA Others (vU;) – 1%
352
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Fooder crops Other Crops
Drugs and Narcotics (pkjk) (vU; iQly)

(vkS"kfèk ,oa u'khys inkFkZ) 0.07%
Vegetable (lCth) 4.63%

Fruits (iQy) 0.35% 1.6
2.
7%
7%
Sugar cane (xUuk) 0.7%
42%
3.75% Cereals
Fiber (vukt)
(js'kk) 28.53%
7.28%
Oilseeds
(frygu)
Pulses
(nkysa)
Ñf"k foi.ku (Agriculture Marketing)

jktLFkku Ñf"k izlaLdj.k] Ñf"k O;olk; ,oa Ñf"k fu;kZr izksRlkgu uhfr&2019 (fnukad 17 fnlacj 2019 ls 'kq:)%
bladh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzlewg vkèkkfjr dk;Z iz.kkyh }kjk iQly i'pkr~ gkfu;k¡ jksdukA
zzÑ"kdksa ,oa Ñ"kd laxBuksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kukA
zzÑ"kdksa dks ewY;o¼Zu esa izksRlkgu nsukA
zzfof'k"V iQlyksa tSls vukj] Xokj] vktokbu] thjk vkfn ds fu;kZr ,oa ewY; laoèkZu dks lqfuf'pr djukA
zzdkS'ky fodkl djukA
zzÑ"kdksa dks lk[k] lgkf;dh] izf'k{k.k iznku djukA
Ñf"k ls lacafèkr jkT; dh dqN egÙoiw.kZ ;kstuk,

(Some important schems of agriculture of Rajasthan)
zzjktho xkaèkh Ñ"kd lkFkh ;kstuk& ;g Ñ"kdksa] [ksfrgj etnwjksa ,oa gEekyksa vkfn dks dk;ZLFky ij nq?kZVuko'k e`R;q
gksus ij 2 yk[k #i;s dh lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA
zzfdlku dysok ;kstuk& Ñ"kdksa dks vuqnkfur nj ij xq.koÙkkiw.kZ Hkkstu miyCèk djkrk gSA
zzegkRek T;ksfrck iqQys eaMh Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk& 2015 bl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gSa&
izlqfr lgk;rk
fookg gsrq lgk;rk
esèkkoh {kk=k iqjLdkj ;kstuk
fpfdRlk lgk;rk
fiÙk`Ro vodk'k

353
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzÑf"k ` 1000 djksM+ fd jkf'k ls Ñ"kd dY;k.k dks"k dk xBu 16 fnlacj 2019 dks fd;k x;kA
zzjktho xkaèkh ty lap; ;kstuk& jktLFkku esa izR;sd 5 o"kZ esa ls 3 o"kZ lw[kk@vkdky ls xzLr gksrk gS jkT; esa dqy
tylzksrksa ls miyCèk ty dh ek=kk ek=k 1.16 izfr'kr gh gS vkSj o"kkZ if'pe100 fe-eh- rks nf{k.k iwoZ esa 900 feeh
rd gksrh gS blfy;s ty dh deh nwj djus gsrq tyxzg.k fodkl gsrq bl ;kstuk dks 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA ;g ;kstuk
tkx:drk ty lzksrksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa laj{k.k Hkw&ty&laHkj.k l?ku o`{kkjksi.k dks c<+kok iznku djsxhA
jkT; esa egÙoiw.kZ mRiknu
o"kZ nqXèk (gtkj Vu) ekal (gtkj Vu) vaMk (nl yk[k) mQu (yk[k fdxzk-)
2016–17 20805 180 1363 143
2017–18 22427 188 1455 143
2018–19 (vuqekfur) 23668 192 1662 145
jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku (National livestock mission)

zzblds rgr jktLFkku dks HksM+ o cdjh dh uLy lqèkkj dk dk;ZØe pyk;k tk jgk gS blesa dsanz dk 60 izfr'kr ,oa
jkT; dk 40 izfr'kr dk ;ksxnku gSA
zzxks oa'k ds laj{k.k gsrq xksikyu foHkkx dk xBu fd;k x;k gS lkFk gh uanh xkS'kkyk tu lg;ksx ;kstuk ds varxZr
xkS'kkykvksa dks ok;ksxSl la;a=k ls tksM+k tk jgk gSA
zzo"kZ 2019–20 esa chl lw=kh dk;ZØe ds varxZr 24427 gsDVs;j Hkwfe ij okfudh dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
zzfdlku lsok iksVZy] jkt lgdkjh iksVZy] fdlkuksa dks vkWuykbu lekèkku iznku djk jgs gSaA
zzxkS vH;kj.; ;kstuk ds rgr~ chdkusj esa 221 gsDVs;j Hkwfe dks vkjf{kr fd;k x;k gSA
xzkeh.k fodkl (Rural development)

zzjktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk fodkl ifj"kn~ dh LFkkiuk jkT; ljdkj }kjk vDVwcj 2010 esa ,d Lok;Ùk ifj"kn~ ds :i
esa dh x;h ;g lkslk;Vh iathdj.k vfèkfu;e 1958 ds varxZr iathÑr gSA bldk ewy dk;Z laxBu fuekZ.k] {kerk
o¼Zu] foÙkh; lekos'ku] vkthfodk fodkl vkSj ikyu djkukA
zzeujsxk% ;g 100 fnolh; jkstxkj miyCèk djkus ls lacafèkr gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa ` 5735.66 djksM+ [kpZ djds
2661.92 yk[k ekuo jkstxkj l`ftr fd;k x;kA
zzMkax {ks=k (nL;q izo.k {ks=k) fodkl dk;ZØe 8 ftyksa (lokbZ ekèkksiqj] djkSyh] èkkSyiqj] ckjka] >kykokM+] Hkjriqj] dksVk
,oa cwanh) esa pyk;k tk jgk gSA
zzck;ksÝ;wy izkfèkdj.k ds }kjk 20 ftyks (12 esa jrutksr + 8 esa djat) esa bl gsrq dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSa] è;krO;
gS fd jktLFkku ck;ksÝ;wy uhfr 2007 (la'kksfèkr 2018) viukus okyk igyk jkT; gSA
zziape jkT; foÙk vk;ksx (2015–2020) ds vuq'kalk ds vuqlkj jkT; dqy 'kq¼ jktLo ds 7.182 izfr'kr fgLlk dk
forj.k 75.10 ,oa 24.9 ds vuqikr esa Øe'k% iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ,oa uxjh; LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa forj.k gks jgk
gSA o"kZ 2019–20 esa blds fy;s 1600 djksM+ #i;s dk izkoèkku fd;k x;kA
zzxzkeh.k xSj Ñf"k fodkl vfèkdj.k (:Mk)&uoacj 1995 esa bldk xBu xzkeh.k xSj Ñf"k {ks=k ds fodkl gsrq fd;k
x;k Fkk ;g Lojkstxkj] LFkk;h vkthfodk gsrq dk;Zjr~ gSA ;g izn'kZuh ,oa esyksa dks vk;ksftr djrk gS vkSj jktLFkku
ds dkjhxjksa dks jk"Vªh; igq¡p rFkk ckSf¼d laj{k.k dk laj{k.k Hkh djrk gSA ;g eq[;r% rhu mi {ks=kksa peM+k] mQu
,oa oL=k] y?kq [kfut esa xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr djrk gSA ckSf¼d laink gsrq iksdj.k iksVjh] CY;w iksVjh] dksVk Mksfj;k
rFkk laxkusj ,oa cx: gS.M Cykd fizafVax tksM+s f'kYiksa gsrq HkkSxksfyd ladsrd iathdj.k :M+k us izkIr fd;k gSA
354
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
'kgjh fodkl (Urban development)
zzla;qDr jk"Vª lrr fodkl fjiksVZ] 2019 ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2007 ls fo'o dh vkèkh ls vfèkd tula[;k 'kgjksa eas fuokl
dj jgh gS vkSj oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa bldk ;ksxnku yxHkx 60 izfr'kr gSA jktLFkku dh dqy 31.14 izfr'kr
tula[;k (2011 tux.kuk) 'kgjksa esa fuokl djrh gSA jktLFkku eas 33 f”kyks eq[;ky;ksa lfgr 222 'kgj@dLcs gSaA
zz'kgjh fodkl ds Øe esa jkT; esa rhu fodkl izkfèkdj.k (t;iqj] vtesj] tksèkiqj) 14 'kgjh U;kl] jktLFkku vkokl
eaMy] t;iqj esVªksjsy dkWiksZsj'ku fyfeVsM dk;Zjr gSA
zzt;iqj esVªks&
izFke pj.k&
(a) isQt&1 – ekuljksoj ls pkaniksy rd 03 twu rdA 2015 ls 'kq: gqbZA

(b) isQt&1 ch& pkaniksy ls cM+h pkSi.k rd&fnlacj 2019 rd Vªk;y 'kq: gSaA blds fy;s ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad
ds lkFk ` 969 djksM+ dk Í.k le>kSrk gqvk FkkA
f}rh; pj.k&(isQt&2)& blesa lhrkiqj ls vackckM+h rd 23.8 fdeh- dh ifj;kstuk izLrkfor gS ftldh ykxr
` 110,394 djksM+ gSA vuqekfur gSA
zzjktLFkku ds nks ftys vyoaj ,oa Hkjriqj jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k (,u-lh-vkj-) esa 'kkfey gSA
zzjktLFkku 'kgjh fodkl dks"k (vkj-;w-Mh-,iQ) ;g 26 ekpZ 2010 dks ` 400 djksM+ dh iwath ds lkFk LFkkfir fd;k
x;k Fkk tks vc c<+dj ` 1000 djksM+ gks x;k gS] ftlesa ` 375 djksM+ jkT; dk tcfd ` 625 djksM+ LFkkuh; fudk;ksa@
foÙkh; laLFkkvksa@cSadks dk gSA
zzLekVZ flVh fe'ku ftls twu 2015 esa 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk mlesa jktLFkku ds 4 'kgjksa&t;iqj] mn;iqj] dksVk ,oa
vtesj dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk bl ;kstuk ds varxrZ 6 fnlacj 2019 rd ` 637.48 djksM+ O;; fd;k x;k gSA
zzve`r ;kstuk dks twu 2015 esa dasnz ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA bldk mn~ns'; Hkkjr ds 500 'kgjksa esa tykiwfrZ]
flojst LVkWeZ okVj] 'kgjh ifjogu] gjs eSnkuksa dk fodkl 'kkfey FkkA mlesa jktLFkku ds 29 'kgj 'kkfey fd;s x;s
vkSj blds fodkl gsrq vc rd ` 1388.98 djksM+ [kpZ fd;s x;s gSA
zzvUuiw.kkZ jlksbZ ;kstuk& lrr fodkl y{;&2 (thjks gaxj) dh iwfrZ ds fy;s 15 fnlacj 2016 dks jktLFkku ds 12
'kgjksa esa ;g ;kstuk 'kq: dh x;h FkhA
zzlcdks vkokl gsrq jktLFkku vkoklu eaMy dk;Zjr gS blls bZ&fuykeh] cq¼okj fuykeh izfØ;k 'kq: dh gSA
f'k{kk (Education)
zzizkjafHkd f'k{kk esa jkT; esa 35,235 jktdh; izkFkfed fo|ky; 19,796 jktdh; mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; ,oa 14,898
ekè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky; gSaA lkFk gh 98 bathfu;fjaax laLFkku 58 ,ech, laLFkku 136 ikWyhVsfDud 8 efgyk
260 vkbZVhvkbZ rFkk 22 fpfdRlk egkfo|ky; lapkfyr gks jgs gSaA
zzjk"Vªh; miyfCèk losZ{k.k 2017 tks ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ds }kjk djk;k x;k mlesa jktLFkku us jk"Vªh; Lrj ij izeq[k LFkku
izkIr fd;k vkSj blh losZ{k.k ds 2018 l=k esa jkT; dk fo"k;okj ,oa fyax vkèkkj ij vkSlr jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls T;knk jgkA
zzjkT; esa f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj ykxw gSA
LokLF; (Health)
zzjkT; esa dqy 22 fpfdRlk egkfo|ky; gSa ftuesa ls 8 futh {ks=k }kjk lapkfyr gSaA
zzfujksxh jktLFkku vfHk;ku&bldks 17 fnlacj 2019 dks 'kq: fd;k x;k gS blesa fcekfj;ksa ls cpko gsrq dk;Z fd;s
tk,axsA bu dk;ks± esa 'kkfey gS&tula[;k fu;a=k.k] o`¼ksa dh ns[kHkky] efgyk LokLF;] lapkjh jskx fu;a=k.k] vlapkjh
355
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jksx fu;a=k.k] Vhdkdj.k] O;lu jksxksa ls eqfDr ('kjkc xqVdk vkfn ls mRiUu) [kk| inkFkZ ,oa feykoV jksduk iznw"k.k
fu;a=k.k vkfnA
zzeq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd nok ;kstuk o"kZ 2011 ls lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS o"kZ 2019 esa ` 637 djksM+ ewY; dh nok,¡ blds
rgr forfjr gq;hA
zzvk;q"eku Hkkjr&egkRek xkaèkh jktLFkku LokLF; chek;kstukA
zzgky esa dksfoM&19 ls fuiVus ds fy;s jktLFkku ds HkhyokM+k ekWMy dks Hkkjr Hkj esa ykxw fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzjkT; esa vk;qosZn foHkkx o"kZ 1950 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k orZeku esa 120 vk;qosZn fpfdRlky; o 3 ;ksx ,oa izkÑfrd
fpfdRlky; gSA
is;ty@tykiwfrZ (Drinking water/water supply)

zzjkT; esa xzkaeh.k {ks=kksa esa 1 vizSy 2019 rd 61,641 cfLr;ksa@<kf.k;ksa (dqy gSa 1,21,526) esa iw.kZ :i ls is;ty
miyCèk djk fn;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; dh o`gn is;ty ifj;kstuk,¡ gSa& bafnjk xkaèkh ugj ifj;kstuk (5485 xzke] 39 dLcs) pacy unh (5,334 xzke]
29 dLcs)] ueZnk unh (902 xzke 3 dLcs) tokbZ ckaèk (785 xzke] 10 dLcs) bR;kfnA jkT; eas 126 o`gn is;ty
ifj;kstuk,¡ py jgh gSA
m|ksx (Industry)
zzjktLFkku Hkkjr eas mRikfnr dPps rsy dk 22 ls 23 izfr'kr mRiknu djds nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd jkT; gSA
zzjkT; esa fofuekZ.k {ks=k dk fgLlk ldy ewY; lao¼Zu esa fgLlk ` 9.82 izfr'kr (2019–20) gSA j[krk gS ftldk ewY;
` 94914 djksM+ gSA
zzvkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad& ;g jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fu"iknu dk ,d izeq[k ladsrd gS] bls rhu o`gn lewgksa fofuekZ.k]
[kuu ,oa fo|qr dks 'kkfey djds ekfld vkèkkj ij (vkèkkj o"kZ 2011–12) rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad
{ks=k 2018–19 2019–20 (vuqlkj)
fofuekZ.k 143.39 126.62
[kuu 134.76 126.69
fo|qr 137.7 136.42
lkekU; lwpdkad 140.37 127.76
zzjkT; ls o"kZ 2018–19 esa dqy fu;kZr ` 51,178.81 djksM+ dk jgk tks 2017–18 dh rqyuk esa 10.11 izfr'kr dh
o`f¼ dks O;Dr dj jgk gSA
jktLFkku esa vkS|ksfxd fodkll gsrq lefiZr laxBu@laLFkk
zzfuos'k lao¼Zu C;wjks (ch-vkbZ-ih-)& ;g fuos'k dks c<+ok nsus grq iz;kl jr gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl ,oa fofu;kstu fuxe fyfeVsM (jhdks)& ;g jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks
xfr iznku djus gsrq 'kh"kZ laLFkk gSA blds }kjk jkT; esa fo'ks"k ikdks± dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh x;h gSa os gSa&
(a) ,xzks iwQM ikDlZ& pkj iwQM ikDlZ uker% cksjkukM (tksèkiqj) dksVk] vyoj ,oa Jhxaxkuxj esa LFkkfir fd;s x;s gSA
(b) tkikuh {ks=k@tksu& ;g uhejkuk vkS|ksfxd {ks=k] ftyk vyoj jktLFkku esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS blesa 45 bdkbZ;k¡
dk;Zjr gSA
(c) fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k (lst)& nks lst tsEl ,aM ToSyjh izFke ,oa f}rh; lhrkiqj vkS|ksfxd {ks=k t;iqj esa tcfd
nwljk efganzk oYMZ flVh (t;iqj) esa LFkkfir gSA
356
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktLFkku foÙk fuxe (vkj ,iQ lh)& jkT; foÙkh; fuxe vfèkfu;e 1951 ds varxZr 1955 esa LFkkiuk dh x;h
;g m|ksxksa dks ` 20 djksM+ rd dh foÙkh; lgk;rk miyCèk djkrk gSA
zzjktLFkku y?kq m|ksx fuxe fyfeVsM (jktlhdks)& ;g y?kq m|ksxksa ,oa dkfjxjksa dks lgk;rk ,oa foi.ku lqfoèkk
iznku djus ds fy;s twu 1961 esa LFkkfir dh x;hA bldk VuZvksoj 2018–19 esa ` 97.38 djksM+ jgk tks o"kZ 2019–20
esa ek=k ` 15.97 djksM+ jgus dk vuqeku gS bldk dkj.k dPps eky dh [kjhn ,oa fcØh ij yxh jksd gSA
zzfnYyh&eqacbZ baMfLVª;y dkWfjMksj& nknjh mÙkj izns'k ls tokgj yky usg: iksVZ (eqacbZ) rd cuus okys 1483
fdeh- ds izsQV dkWfjMksj dk 39 izfr'kr fgLlk jktLFkku eas fLFkr gSA bldks nksuksa rjiQ 150 fdeh {ks=k esa jkT; esa
nks bMfLVª;y dkWfjMksj izFke [kq'k[ksMk& fHkokM+h&uhejk.kk fuos'k {ks=k rFkk nwljk tksèkiqj&ikyh ekjokM+ vkS|ksfxd {ks=k
fodflr fd;k tk jgk gSA
[kuu (Mining)
zzjktLFkku [kfut lalkèkuksa ls ifjiw.kZ jkT; gS tgk¡ 81 izdkj ds [kfut ik;s tkrs gS vkSj buesa ls 57 dk [kuu fd;k
tk jgk gSA
zzHkkjr esa lhlk] tLrk] lsysukbV] okysLukbV dk ,dek=k mRiknd jkT; jktLFkku gSA
zzpkanh] dsYlkbV] ftIle esa Hkkjr dk yxHkx laiw.kZ jktLFkku esa mRikfnr gksrk gSA
zzcky Dys] iQkLiQksjkbV] vksdj] fLV,jkbV] isQYlikj] iQk;j Dys dk izeq[k mRiknu jktLFkku gSA
zzlhesaV xzsM o LVhy xzsM ykbe LVksu dk izeq[k mRiknd jkT; jktLFkku gSA
zzo"kZ 2019 esa jkT; dks [kuu ls ` 3076.98 djksM+ (fnlacj rd) jktLo izkIr gqvkA
isVªksfy;e ,oa izkÑfrd xSl (Petroleum & natural gas)

Hkkjr fo'o dk rhljk lcls cM+k dPps rsy dk miHkksDrk gS tgk¡ fo'o dk 5 izfr'kr dPpk rsy miHkksx fd;k
tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa dqy [kir dk 16 izfr'kr dPpk rsy mRiknu gksrk gS vksj 84 izfr'kr vk;kr fd;k tkrk gSA
jktLFkku Hkkjr dk nwljk lcls cM+k (eqacbZ gkbZ ds ckn) dPpk rsy mRiknd jkT; gS tks Hkkjr ds dqy mRiknu
34 (MMTPA) dk 22–23 izfr'kr (7.5 MMTPA) mRikfnr djrk gSA jkT; esa isVªksfyiQsjl mRiknd pkj isVªksyhisQjl
csflu gSa tks 14 f”kyksa rd foLr`r gSa os pkj gSa
1. ckM+esj&lapksj csflu (ckMesj] tkykSj ftyk)
2. tSlyesj csflu (tSlyesj)
3. chdkusj&ukxkSj csflu (chdkusj] ukxkSj] Jhxaxkuxj] guqekux<+ pw: ftys)A
zzjkT; eas ckM+esj ls dPps rsy dk mRiknu 2009 esa rFkk izkÑfrd xSl dk mRiknu 2012 ls 'kq: gqvkA
zztslyesj ls izkÑfrd xSl dk mRiknu 1994 esa 'kq: gqvkA
zzeaxyk rsy {ks=k ls mRiknu 2009 ls 'kq: gqvk vkSj orZeku esa 12 {ks=kksa ;Fkk&eaxyk] HkkX;e] ,s'o;kZ] ljLorh] jkxs'ojh]
dkes'ojh ,oa vU; ls 140000 cSjy izfrfnu mRiknu gks jgk gSA
zzck?ksokyk {ks=k (tSlyesj) esa 130 cSjy izfrfnu mRiknu gks jgk gSA
zzjktLFkku fjiQkbujh ifj;kstuk&9 fefy;u Vu okf"kZd {kerk okyh bl ifj;kstuk dks 16 tuojh 2018 dks ipinjk]
ftyk ckMesj esa 'kq: fd;k x;k bldh egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gS&
(a) fganqLrku isVªksyfy;e dkWiksZjs'ku (74 izfr'kr) rFkk jkT; ljdkj (26 izfr'kr) dk la;qDr m|e gSA
(b) izFke ifj;kstuk gSftlesa fjiQkbujh isVªksdsfedy dkWEiysDl dk lfEeJ.k gSA
(c) budh ykxr ` 43,129 djksM+ tcfd Í.k bfDoVh vuqikr 2 : 1 gSA
(d) blds mRikn&Hkkjr LVst&VI gSaA
357
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
laxfBr {ks=k (futh ,oa lkoZtfud) esa jkstxkj
o"kZ dqy laLFkku fu;ksftr O;fDr (yk[k esa)
2017 21206 13.74
2018 21642 14.07
2019 (vuqekfur) 21435 13.95
vè;k;&8
^jktLFkku % vkfFkZd fu;kstu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks
bl izdkj gSa&
lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjoh{k.kh; y{;
Ø-la- lkekftd ladsrd bdkbZ ckjgoha ;kstuk esa
jktLFkku ds fy;s y{;
1. f'k'kq e`R;q nj (vkbZ-,e-vkj-) izfr g”kkj thfor tUeksa ij 40
2. ekr` e`R;q vuqikr (,e-,e-vkj-) izfr yk[k thfor tUeksa ij 200
3. ldy iztuu nj (Vh-,iQ-vkj-) tUe izfr efgyk 2.5
4. 3 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k izfr'kr esa 25.3
5. efgykvksa esa jDr vYirk (15-49 o"kZ) izfr'kr esa 24.3
6. fyax vuqikr (0-6 o"kZ) ckfydk,¡ izfr g”kkj ckydksa ij 912
7. dqy lk{kjrk nj izfr'kr esa 79.57
8. iq#"k lk{kjrk nj izfr'kr esa 91.89
9. efgyk lk{kjrk nj izfr'kr esa 66.22
okf"kZd ;kstuk] 2020-21 (Annual Plan, 2020-21)

jkT; foèkku lHkk esa izLrqr vk;&O;;d vuqeku 2020–21 esa ;kstuk@ifj;kstukvksa dk ifjO;; gSA (jkf'k ` djksM+
esa) ` 110200 djksM+ izLrkfor gSA bu O;;ksa dk eq[; 'kh"kZokj fooj.k jkf'k djksM+ esa gSA
Ø-l- {ks=k izLrkfor O;; dqy O;; dk izfr'kr
1. lkekftd ,oa leqnkf;d lsok,¡ 54767.76 49.70
2. fo|qr 18505.06 16.79
3. xzkeh.k fodkl 11878.04 10.78
4. Ñf"k ,oa laca¼ lsok,¡ 9363.89 8.50
5. ;krk;kr 6834.38 6.2
6. flapkbZ ,oa ck<+ fu;a=k.k 3620.25 3.28
7. lkekU; lsok,¡ 2508.78 2.28
8. vkfFkZd lsok,¡ 1681.87 1.53
9. m|ksx ,oa [kfut 951.82 0.86
10. fo'ks"k {ks=k dk;ZØe 76.2 0.07
11. oSKkfud lsok,¡ 12.77 0.01

358
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vè;k;&9
^jktLFkku esa fodkl ds fofo/k vk;ke * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
lkekftd fodkl ds vk;ke

(Dimensions of Social Development)
lekt ds lHkh oxks± dk lexz fodkl djuk jkT; ljdkj dk izFke mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA vf'k{kk] fuèkZurk] csjks”kxkjh ,oa
LokLF; lacaèkh pqukSfr;k¡ lkekftd fodkl ds fy;s loZizeq[k ckèkk,¡ gSaA ljdkjksa }kjk lkekftd fodkl dks xfr nsus ds
fy;s fujarj dne mBk, x, gSaA
Hkkjr esa fuèkZurk (Poverty in India)

Hkkjr Hkw[k lwpdkad esa tgk¡ 2010 esa 95osa LFkku ij Fkk ogha 2019 esa ;g ?kVdj 102osa LFkku ij pyk x;kA
gkyk¡fd Hkkjr us 2005 ls 2016 ds chp 27 djksM+ yksxksa dks xjhch ls ckgj fudkyk gSA Hkkjr esa 2005&06 esa tgk¡
;w,uMhih ds cgqvk;keh xjhch lwpdkad ds nk;js esa 55-1 izfr'kr Hkkjrh; vkrs Fks] tks 2015&16 esa ?kVdj 27-9 izfr'kr
jg x,A fdarq vHkh Hkh fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj yxHkx 36 djksM+ Hkkjrh; rhu ckj Hkkstu dk [kpZ ogu ugha
dj ikrs gSaA jaxjktu fjiksVZ ds ckn uhfr vk;ksx }kjk xjhch fuèkkZj.k gsrq ,d VkLd iQkslZ dk xBu fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh;
xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku }kjk xjhcksa dks rhu Js.kh esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gS] osa gSa& vR;ar xjhc (ikfjokfjd vk; `
50]000 izfr o"kZ ls de gks) xjhc (` 50,000 ls 1 yk[k rd vk;) vkSj xjhc ugha (ftl ifjokj dh vk; 1 yk[k
izfr o"kZ ls vfèkd gks)A
lrr~ fodkl y{;& ftlesa xjhch ,oa Hkq[kejh dk lHkh :iksa esa var djus dk y{; gSA blds rn~uq:i uhfr
vk;ksx }kjk jktLFkku ds ftysokj Ldksj esa 60 ls vfèkd vad dbZ ftyksa us ik;kA blesa lokZfèkd ukxkSj (69-99)] èkkSyiqj
(65-07)] djkSyh (61-55) loksZPp LFkkuA tcfd lcls de Ldksj Mwaxjiqj (12.24) dk jgk gSA
jktLFkku esa fuèkZurk (Poverty in Rajasthan)

fo'o cSad dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 27 djksM+ ls vfèkd vkcknh xjhc gS] muesa ls 62% xjhc O;fDr lkr
jkT;ksa mÙkj izns'k] eè; izns'k] jktLFkku] >kj[kaM] NÙkhlx<+] fcgkj vkSj vksfM'kk esa gSaA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ns'k dh 80%
xjhc vkcknh xzkeh.k bykdksa esa jgrh gSA
rsanqydj fofèk jaxjktu
(2011-12) (izfr'kr) (2011-12) (izfr'kr)
dqy xzkeh.k 'kgjh dqy xzkeh.k 'kgjh
jktLFkku 14.7 16.1 10.7 21.7 21.4 22.5
Hkkjr 21.9 25.7 13.7 29.5 30.9 26.4
xjhch fuokj.k ds fy;s dsanz o jkT; ljdkj dh izeq[k ;kstuk,¡

(Main plans of centre & state government for poverty removal)
jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk ifj;kstuk (RRLP)
bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; jktLFkku ds 18 yf{kr f”kyksa ds 51 [kaMksa esa xjhc xzkeh.kksa] misf{kr lewg o efgykvksa dk
l'kDrhdj.k ,oa muds lalkèkuksa dks c<+kuk gSA
359
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f”kyk fuèkZurk igy izkstsDV (DPIP)
o"kZ 2000 esa fo'o cSad dh lgk;rk ls jktLFkku ds lkr f”kyksa (ckjk¡] pw:] nkSlk] èkkSyiqj] >kykokM+] jktlean]
Vksad) ds 7039 xk¡oksa esa fuèkZuksa dks ykHk igq¡pkus ds fy;s lapkfyr dh xbZA
if'peh jktLFkku esa xjhch mi'keu ifj;kstuk (MPOWER)
jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl dks"k ,oa lj jru VkVk VªLV dh lgk;rk ls if'peh jktLFkku xjhch
mi'keu ifj;kstuk if'peh jktLFkku ds Ng [kaMksa Øe'k% tksèkiqj] tSlyesj] ckM+esj] ikyh] fljksgh vkSj tkykSj] izR;sd
esa ls ,d [kaM esa ifj;kstuk LohÑr dh xbZ gS rFkk nks u, CykWd fljksgh f”kys esa fiaMokM+k o tksèkiqj f”kys esa ckyslj
dks Hkh o"kZ 2016-17 ls bl ;kstukarxZr thou Lrj ds lao¼Zu gsrq p;fur fd;k x;k gSA bl ifj;kstuk dk nwjxkeh
mn~ns'; if'peh jktLFkku ds p;fur [kaMksa] tks fd lcls xjhc gSa] esa xjhcksa dh vk; esa o`f¼ djds xjhch dks de
djuk gSA
bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr 215 xzke iapk;rksa ds 1,055 xzkeksa ds yxHkx 84,000 ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dks lhèks rkSj
ij ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA ifj;kstuk esa 5,152 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa] 447 xzke laxBu ,oa 16 isQMjs'kal dk xBu
fd;k tk pqdk gS] ftuesa 50,000 ls vfèkd xjhc efgykvksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k tk pqdk gSA Lo;a lgk;rk lewg esa
dqy cpr ` 44.46 djksM+ gSA 4,954 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds [kkrs cSadksa esa [kqyok, tk pqds gSa vkSj 4,647 Lo;a
lgk;rk lewgksa dks ½.k ds fy;s cSadksa ls tksM+k tk pqdk gS ftUgsa fnlacj 2017 rd ` 29.81 djksM+ cSad ½.k miyCèk
djk;k tk pqdk gSA 4,952 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks fjokWfYoax iQaM ds :i esa ` 7.42 djksM+ rFkk 2,692 Lo;a lgk;rk
lewgksa dh vkthfodk gsrq jkf'k ` 23.16 djksM+ izkjafHkd iwath miyCèk djokbZ xbZA
bl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr 5,126 ;qokvksa (2,126 iq#"kksa ,oa 3,000 efgykvksa) dks fofHkUu fo"k;ksa esa] ;Fkk&flD;ksfjVh
xkMZ] flykbZ e'khu vkWijsVj ,oa daI;wVj vkWijsVjksa bR;kfn dks {kerk lao¼Zu dk;ZØe ds varxZr izf'kf{kr dj jks”kxkj
{ks=k ls tksM+k x;k gSA 49,329 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dh efgykvksa dks muds d"Vizn ifjJe dh xfrfofèk;ksa esa deh gsrq
fofHkUu midj.kksa dk forj.k fd;k x;kA
67 xksV DyLVj vkSj 3 Ms;jh DyLVj xfrfofèk;ksa ds }kjk 24,450 ifjokjksa ,oa 299 Ñf"k DyLVlZ xfrfofèk;ksa ds
}kjk 45,060 ifjokjksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k x;k gSA
egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jks”kxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk (,e-th-,u-vkj-bZ-th-,l-)
xzkeh.k yksxksa dks jks”kxkj miyCèk djkus ,oa lekos'kh fodkl c<+kus ds mn~ns'; ls ;g ;kstuk iwjs jkT; esa lapkfyr
gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; xzkeh.k {ks=k esa vkthfodk lqj{kk esa o`f¼ ds fy;s ,sls izR;sd ifjokj dks ,d foÙkh;
o"kZ ds nkSjku 100 fnu dk lqfuf'pr jks”kxkj miyCèk djkuk gS] ftlds o;Ld lnL; vdq'ky 'kkjhfjd Je djus dks
rS;kj gSaA ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEukuqlkj gSa&
zzxzke iapk;r ds lHkh LFkkuh; fuoklh bl ;kstuk ds varxZr iathdj.k gsrq ;ksX; gSaA
zzykHkkfUorksa esa de&ls&de ,d&frgkbZ efgyk,¡ gksaxhA
zzjftLVªs'ku ds 15 fnol esa ifjokj ds lHkh o;Ld lnL;ksa dks iQksVks;qDr tkWcdkMZ fu%'kqYd tkjh gksaxsA
zzjks”kxkj ds vkosnu dh fnukad lfgr izkfIr jlhn nh tk,xhA
zzvkosnu ds fnukad ls 15 fnol esa jks”kxkj miyCèk djokus dh xkjaVh gSA
zzvkosnu ds 15 fnol dh vofèk esa jks”kxkj miyCèk ugha gksus ij jkT; ljdkj }kjk csjks”kxkjh HkÙks dk Hkqxrku
fd;k tk,xkA
zzxzke ls 5 fdeh- dh ifjfèk esa dk;Z miyCèk djok;k tk,xkA 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd nwjs gksus ij 10% vfrfjDr e”knwjh
ns; gksxhA
zzfd;s x, dk;Z ds vkèkkj ij e”knwjh dk HkqxrkuA

360
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzdk;ZLFky ij ihus dk ikuh] Nk;k] izkFkfed fpfdRlk lqfoèkk ,oa f'k'kq ikyuk x`g dh O;oLFkk vko';d gSA
zzdk;ks± ds p;u ,oa okf"kZd dk;Z ;kstuk rS;kj fd;s tkus gsrq xzkelHkk eq[; :i ls vfèkÑr gSA
zzBsdsnkj ,oa e'khuksa ls dk;Z dh vuqefr ugha gSA
zzxzkelHkk }kjk lkekftd vads{k.kA
zzlHkh izdkj dh e”knwjh dk Hkqxrku cSad@Mkd?kj ds ekè;e lsA
zzdk;Z dh xq.koÙkk ,oa ;kstuk dh izxfr ds i;Zos{k.k gsrq xzkelHkk vfèkÑr gSA
zzizHkkoh tu vHkko vfHk;ksx fujkdj.k iz.kkyhA
zzfoÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 ds nkSjku fnlacj rd jktLFkku us dqy ` 5735.66 djksM+ dh jkf'k O;; djds 51.62 yk[k
ifjokjksa dks jkstxkj miyCèk djok;k x;kA ftlls 26.61 djksM+ ekuo jkstxkj fnolksa dk l`tu gqvkA
izèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk
xzkeh.k igys ls fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk dks iqul±jafpr djds bl ;kstuk dks 'kq: fd;k x;k
gSA blesa izeq[k fcanq fuEufyf[kr gS&
zzbldh 'kq:vkr 20 uoacj 2016 dks vkxjk ls dh x;hA
zzfnlacj 2016 rd 1 djksM+ iDds xzkeh.k vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA rFkk lHkh dPps edkuksa dks 2022 rd iDds
edkuksa ds :i esa cnyuk gSA
zzblesa dsanz jkT; dh Hkkxhnkjh 60 : 40 izfr'kr gS tcfd iqoks±Ùkj ,oa fgeky;u jkT;ksa ds ekeys esa ;g 90 : 10 gSA
zzblds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds p;u gsrq lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa tkfrxr tux.kuk 2011 dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
zzykHkkFkhZ bZ-MCY;w ,l (vk; vfèkdre 3 yk[k) rFkk de vk; lewg (vk; vfèkdre 3–6 yk[k lkykuk) dh
efgyk,¡] fiNMk oxZ (OBC) vuq- tkfr ,oa tutkfr ifjokjA
zzblesa ` 1.2 Ykk[k ?kj cukus rFkk ` 12000 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k gsrq fn;k tk jgk gSA
zzjktLFkku esa 2019–20 esa 86,134 vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k bl ;kstuk eas fd;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku esa csjks”kxkjh (Unemployment in Rajasthan)

csjks”kxkjh ml fLFkfr dks dgk tkrk gS tc dke pkgus okys l{ke O;fDr;ksa dh iwfrZ mudh ekax dh vis{kk vfèkd
gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ tc O;fDr fdlh rjg dk mRiknd dk;Z ugha djrk gSA jktLFkku esa csjks”kxkjh ,d tfVy leL;k gS
vkSj ;g leL;k fnuksfnu fodjky :i èkkj.k djrh tk jgh gSA jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh èkheh xfr] c<+rh tula[;k
rFkk Ñf"kxr fodkl ds mrkj&p<+ko vkfn csjks”kxkjh dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA csjks”kxkjh dh leL;k rHkh mRiUu gksrh gS
tc c<+rh tula[;k ds vuq:i jks”kxkj ds lkèkuksa esa o`f¼ u gks ik,A
us'kuy lSaiy losZ dh fjiksVZ] 2015-16 ds vuqlkj jkT; esa csjks”kxkjh dh nj bl izdkj ls gS&
csjks”kxkjh dh nj
lsDVj iq#"k efgyk VªkaltsaMj dqy
xzkeh.k 4.2 7.8 2.1 5.1
'kgjh 3.3 12.1 10.3 4.9
dqy 4.0 8.7 4.3 5.0
Ïksr% (okf"kZd losZ fjiksVZ] 2015-16)
361
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tux.kuk ds vuqlkj jkT; esa Jfedksa dk {ks=k ,oa ¯yxkuqlkj oxhZdj.k
tux.kuk o"kZ
fooj.k bdkbZ
1981 1991 2001 2011
dqy Jfed (xzkeh.k) 106 143 199 244
iq#"k la[;k yk[kksa esa 73 89 114 138
efgyk 33 54 85 106
dqy Jfed ('kgjh) 20 28 39 55
iq#"k la[;k yk[kksa esa 18 25 33 45
efgyk 2 3 6 10
dqy Jfed (xzkeh.k + 'kgjh) la[;k yk[kksa esa 126 171 238 299
dk;Z lgHkkfxrk nj dqy 36.6 38.9 42.1 43.6
iq#"k çfr'kr esa 50.9 49.3 50.0 51.5
efgyk 21.1 27.4 33.5 35.1
csjks”kxkjh fuokj.k ds fy;s dsanz o jkT; ljdkj dh izeq[k ;kstuk,¡

(Main plans of centre & state government for unemployment removal)
jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl fuxe (vkj-,l-,y-Mh-lh-)
jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl fuxe dks daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 dh èkkjk&25 ds varxZr xSj&ykHkizn
daiuh ds :i esa iathÑr fd;k x;k FkkA jkT; esa 350 ls vfèkd dkS'ky Hkkxhnkj laLFkkvksa dks lfEEkfyr djrs gq, laiw.kZ
jkT; esa izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dks fØ;kfUor djus gsrq dkS'ky izf'k{k.k ra=k LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA fiNys pkj o"kks± dh
vofèk esa 2.21 yk[k ls vfèkd O;fDr;ksa@;qokvksa dks fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa izf'k{k.k fn;k x;kA
jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl fuxe dh izeq[k ;kstuk,¡
jkT; esa jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl fuxe }kjk dkS'ky ,oa m|ferk fodkl gsrq fuEufyf[kr ;kstuk,¡@
ifj;kstuk,¡ fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSa&
zziafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kY; ;kstuk (Mh-Mh-;w-&th-ds-okbZ-)% iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k
dkS'kY; ;kstuk xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh dkS'ky çf'k{k.k vkSj jks”kxkj ;kstuk gSA bl ;kstuk dk
mn~ns'; xzkeh.k fuèkZu ;qokvkas dks dkS'ky izf'k{k.k iznku djuk ,oa mudks fu;fer :i ls U;wure ekfld e”knwjh ds
leku ;k mlls vfèkd ekfld e”knwjh ds lkFk dk;Z miyCèk djokuk gSA ;g ;kstuk o"kZ 2014 esa izkjaHk dh xbZ
FkhA xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh ubZ ;kstuk ^ykbiQ eujsxk* dks Hkh iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k
dkS'kY; ;kstuk esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA
zz,EIykW;esaV fyaDM fLdy Vªsafux izksxzke (bZ-,y-,l-Vh-ih)% ,EIykW;esaV fyaDM fLdy Vªsafux izksxzke (bZ-,y-,l-Vh-ih)
dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dks jks”kxkj ds lkFk tksM+us ds mn~ns'; ls o"kZ 2012 esa izkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA lHkh izf'k{k.k
dk;ZØeksa dh czkafMax] forj.k ,oa ekWfuVfjax esa ,d:irk ykus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkekU; fu;eksa dks fuxe
}kjk bl ;kstuk esa iw.kZr% xzg.k fd;k x;k gSsA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fØ;kfUor lHkh izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øeksa dks jk"Vªh;
dkS'ky ;ksX;rk izsQeodZ ds varxZr Js.khc¼ fd;k tk pqdk gSA
zzjsxqyj fLdy Vsªfuax izksxzke (vkj-,l-Vh-ih-)% fu;fer dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe (vkj-,l-Vh-ih-) ,d vYikofèk
dk vkthfodk vkèkkfjr dk;ZØe gS vkSj ;g dk;ZØe o"kZ 2005&06 ls vkjeksy (RMOL– Rajasthan Mission
on Livlihood) ds rgr jkT; esa dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk vkèkkj jgk gSA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa
362
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
esa ;qok] efgyk,¡] fnO;kaxtu] tsy dSfn;ksa ,oa fd'kksj x`g dSnh bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA bl ;kstuk dks m|ferk fodkl
vkèkkfjr vkthfodk dk;ZØeksa ,oa izf'k{k.kksa ds fy;s la'kksfèkr fd;k x;k gS vkSj VªkaltsaMj ds izf'k{k.k ds fy;s jks”kxkj
ds ekunaMksa dks Hkh bl ;kstuk ds rgr la'kksfèkr fd;k x;k gSA
zzizèkkuea=kh dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk% dkS'ky fodkl ,oa m|ferk ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 64,526 ;qokvksa dks
izf'kf{kr djus ds fy;s dsanz izk;ksftr jkT; izcafèkr (lh-,l-,l-,e-) ;kstuk ds ,d ?kVd izèkkuea=kh dkS'ky fodkl
;kstuk 2-0 dks vkj-,l-,y-Mh-lh- }kjk fØ;kUo;u gsrq LohÑr fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ds izFke pj.k esa lwphc¼
21 izf'k{k.k lgHkkfx;ksa rFkk 10,550 ;qokvksa dks prqFkZ Js.kh ds dk;ks± ds izf'k{k.k gsrq vkj-,l-,y-Mh-lh- }kjk
izkoèkkfud foÙkh; LohÑfr vkns'k tkjh fd;k tk pqdk gSA
^dkS'ky jktLFkku* ds y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy;s vU; uokpkj ;kstuk,¡
zzizFke jktdh; dkS'ky fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk
zzfuth dkS'ky fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk
zzr`rh; i{k ewY;kadu ,oa izek.ku
zzi;ZVu {ks=k esa izf'k{k.k gsrq mRÑ"Vrk dk dsanz
zzizèkkuea=kh eqnzk ;kstuk dks dkS'ky izf'k{k.kksa ds lkFk tksM+uk
zzikjaifjd ,oa fojklr dkS'ky fodkl ds fy;s izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ;kstuk
zztsy dSfn;ksa] fd'kksjksa ,oa fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu gsrq izf'k{k.k
duots±l Ldhe ds varxZr dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dh foHkkx@;kstukokj izxfr dk fooj.k (31 fnlacj] 2017 rd)
Ø-la- foHkkx dk uke ;kstuk dk uke izf'kf{kr ;qok
1. lkekftd U;k; ,oa vfèkdkfjrk jktLFkku vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr foÙk 5279
,oa fodkl lgdkjh fuxe
2. LFkkuh; fudk; jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku 15391
3. xzkeh.k fodkl ckWMZj ,fj;k MsoyIkesaV izksxzke (ch-,-Mh-ih-) 4571
4. jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk fodkl jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk ;kstuk 5673
ifj"kn
5. tutkfr {ks=k fodkl Vh-,-Mh- izkstsDV 9893
6. Je foHkkx Hkou ,oa vU; fuekZ.k Jfed 25
7. vYila[;d foHkkx vYila[;d ;kstuk 3840
8. ou foHkkx ou èku ;kstuk 140
9. efgyk ,oa cky fodkl 1- Lokoyacu ;kstuk] 2. Lo;a lgk;rk lewg efgyk 393
izf'k{k.k
dqy 45,205
zzfo'o ;qok dkS'ky fnol dk vk;kstu
zzfoÙkh; lk{kjrk vfHk;ku
zzfLdy vkbdu vkWiQ nh eaFk
zzvkWuykbu fLdy dSysaMj
zzykboyhgqM osc iksVZy

363
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk fodkl ifj"kn (vkj-th-,-oh-ih-)
jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk xzkeh.k fodkl fOkHkkx ds iz'kklfud fu;a=k.k ds vèkhu jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk fodkl
ifj"kn (vkj-th-,-oh-ih-) dh LFkkiuk ,d Lok;Ùk'kklh laLFkk ds :i esa dh xbZ gSA vkj-th-,-oh-ih- dk mn~ns'; jkT; esa
Lo;a lgk;rk lewg vkèkkfjr vkthfodk dk;ZØe] ifj;kstuk fufèk vkSj cSad fyads”k ds ekè;e ls foÙkh; lekos'ku ykxw
djuk gSA jktLFkku xzkeh.k vkthfodk fodkl ifj"kn }kjk vkj-vkj-,y-ih-] ,u-vkj-,y-ih- ,oa ,u-vkj-,y-,e- ds varxZr
fnlacj 2017 rd yxHkx 9.9 yk[k ifjokjksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, 85,042 Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ,oa 6,190 xzkeh.k
laxBuksa dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk& jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (Mh-,-okbZ-&,u-;w-,y-,e-)

vkokl ,oa 'kgjh xjhch mUewyu ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh dsanz izofrZr ^Lo.kZ t;arh 'kgjh jks”kxkj ;kstuk* dks
nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk&jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (Mh-,-okbZ-&,u-;w-,y-,e-) ds :i esa iqu% lajfpr fd;k x;kA
bl ;kstuk dks jkT; ds lHkh 191 uxjh; fudk;ksa esa ykxw fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; 'kgjh xjhc ifjokjksa
dh vjf{krrk o xjhch dks de djuk gS ,oa ,d LFkk;h vkèkkj ij mudh vkthfodk esa lqèkkj djuk gSA
nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk&jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkthfodk fe'ku (Mh-,-okbZ-&,u-;w-,y-,e-) fuEufyf[kr ?kVdksa ds ekè;e
ls viuk mn~ns'; izkIr djsxh&
zzLojks”kxkj dk;ZØe (,l-bZ-ih-)A
zzdkS'ky izf'k{k.k o IyslesaV ds ekè;e ls jks”kxkj (bZ-,l-Vh- ,oa ih-)A
zzlkekftd tqM+ko vkSj laLFkkxr fodkl (,l-,e- ,oa vkbZ-Mh-)A
zz'kgjh cs?kjksa ds vkJ; ds fy;s ;kstuk (,l-;w-,p-)A
zz{kerk fuekZ.k vkSj izf'k{k.k (lh-ch- ,oa Vh-)A
zz'kgjh lM+d osaMj ds fy;s leFkZu (,l-;w-,l-oh-)A
zzvfHkuo vkSj fo'ks"k ifj;kstuk,¡A
eq[;ea=kh fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu Lojkstxkj ;kstuk& bl ;kstk esa ` 5 yk[k rd dk Í.k] Lojkstxkj gsrq ,sls fo'ks"k
;ksX;tuksa dks fn;k tkrk gS ftudh ikfjokfjd vk; esa 2 yk[k@o"kZ ls de gksA o"kZ 2019–20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd 1035
yksxksa dks bl ;kstuk ds rgr~ ` 4.74 djksM+ iznku fd;k x;kA
{ks=kh; fodkl ds vk;ke

(Dimensions of Regional Development)
jktLFkku {ks=kiQy dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k jkT; gSA brus cM+s izns'k esa HkkSxksfyd rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl dh
n`f"V ls i;kZIr {ks=kh; fofoèkrk ekStwn gSA jkT; esa fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd izns'kksa esa {ks=kh; fodkl dh pqukSfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu
gSaA bUgsa ns[krs gq, dsanz o jkT; ljdkj }kjk {ks=kh; fodkl gsrq vyx&vyx dk;ZØe cuk, x, gSaA dqN dk;ZØe
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
lhek {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe (ch-,-Mh-ih-)
lhek {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe (ch-,-Mh-ih-) lkroha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku ,d dsanz izofrZr dk;ZØe ds :i esa
ykxw fd;k x;kA lhek {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe dsanzh; ljdkj dh uhfrxr igy gS] ftlds vuqlkj lhekorhZ f”kyksa dk
larqfyr fodkl fd;k tkuk gSA bldk mn~ns'; yksxksa esa lqj{kk dh Hkkouk lqn`<+ djuk o {ks=k esa okafNr lkekftd ,oa
HkkSfrd vkèkkjHkwr <k¡pk rS;kj djuk gS rkfd lkekU; fodkl dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks xfr iznku dh tk ldsA ;g dk;ZØe
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jkT; ds pkj lhekorhZ f”kyksa& ckM+esj] chdkusj] Jhxaxkuxj rFkk tSlyesj ds 16 [kaMksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA
bl ;kstuk ds varxZr vfèkdka'k jkf'k lqj{kk xfrofèk;ksa ij O;; dh tkrh gSA lkFk gh] lhekorhZ f”kyksa dk lkekftd ,oa
vkfFkZd <k¡pk de”kksj gksus ds dkj.k fodkl dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks Hkh i;kZIr egÙo iznku fd;k x;k gSA
Mkax {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe
chgM+ {ks=k rFkk ladqfpr ?kkVh ;qDr nL;qxzLr {ks=k dks ^Mkax {ks=k* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;s fiNM+s gq, {ks=k gSa
vkSj buesa fodkl dks xfr iznku djus gsrq vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dks c<+kus ds fy;s fuos'k dh vko';drk gSA bl mn~ns';
dh iwfrZ gsrq Mkax {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe o"kZ 2004-05 esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk iqu% izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g dk;ZØe 8 f”kyksa
(lokbZ ekèkksiqj] djkSyh] èkkSyiqj] ckjk¡] >kykokM+] Hkjriqj] dksVk ,oa cw¡nh) dh26 iapk;r lfefr;ksa dh 394 xzke iapk;rksa
ds 2206 xkaoksa esa fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA 2019–20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd dqy ` 34.2 djksM+ U;k; djds 765 dk;Z
iw.kZ fd;s x;sA
exjk {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe
jktLFkku dk nf{k.kh&eè; Hkkx] tks fd igkM+h {ks=k ls f?kjk gqvk gS] fo'ks"kr% vtesj] HkhyokM+k] ikyh] fpÙkkSM+x<+]
,oa jktlean] tks tutkfr {ks=kh; fodkl ds varxZr ugha vkrk gS] exjk {ks=k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl {ks=k esa fodkl
ds lzksr] ;Fkk& Hkwfe] ikuh ,oa i'kqèku de gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ;gk¡ fuokfl;ksa dk Hkkjh ekSleh iyk;u gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ds
fuokfl;ksa ds vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd Lrj esa lqèkkj gsrq exjk {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe o"kZ 2005-06 esa mijksDr 5 f”kyksa ds
14 [kaMksa esa 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku esa ;g dk;ZØe mijksDr f”kyksa ds 16 [kaMksa esa fØ;kfUor gSA bl {ks=k ds fodkl
ds fy;s tyxzg.k fodkl] y?kq flapkbZ] i'kqikyu] ihus dk ikuh] fo|qrhdj.k] f'k{kk] LokLF; ,oa lM+d fuekZ.k dh
xfrfofèk;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2019 esa ` 25 djksM+ [kpZ djds 528 dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s x;sA
esokr {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe
eso leqnk; eq[;r% vyoj o Hkjriqj f”kys ds 12 [kaMksa esa cgqyrk ls fuokl djrk gSA eso leqnk; vkt Hkh
lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd :i ls fiNzM+k gqvk gSA bl eso ckgqY; okys {ks=k dks esokr {ks=k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl
{ks=k ds laiw.kZ fodkl ds fy;s jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk o"kZ 1987-88 ls esokr {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØ; fØ;kfUor fd;k tk
jgk gSA bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; esokr {ks=k ds yksxksa ds fy;s vko';d vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa rFkk vfrfjDr jks”kxkj
ds voljksa dk l`tu dj {ks=k ds vkfFkZd fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djuk rFkk esokr {ks=k esa jgus okys yksxksa ds thou Lrj
esa xq.kkRed lqèkkj ykuk gSA
xq# xksyoydj xzkeh.k tu&Hkkxhnkjh fodkl ;kstuk (th-th-ts-oh-okbZ-)
xq# xksyoydj xzkeh.k tu&Hkkxhnjh fodkl ;kstuk jkT; ds lHkh 33 f”kyksa esa 30.9.2014 ls izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl
;kstuk dk mn~ns'; xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fodkl] jks”kxkj l`tu rFkk lkeqnkf;d laifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa j[kj[kko ds fy;s
ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr gS] tks dsoy jkT; ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ykxw dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 'e'kku@dfczLrku
dh pkjnhokjh ds fuekZ.k gsrq 90% jkf'k ,oa vU; lkeqnkf;d ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq 70% rFkk vkfnoklh {ks=k mi
;kstukarxZr 80% jkf'k jkT; ljdkj }kjk miyCèk djokbZ tkrh gSA 'ks"k jkf'k dk ladyu turk ls udn vkSj fMekaM
MªkÝV ls fd;k tkrk gSA
Lo&foosd f”kyk fodkl
LFkkuh; leqnk; dh vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj dk;ks± dks iw.kZ djus ds fy;s U;wure vko';drkvksa ,oa fo|eku
fLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj ;g ;kstuk o"kZ 2005-06 ls fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA {ks=k ds fodkl gsrq fofHkUu xfrfofèk;k¡]
;Fkk& tyxzg.k fodkl] y?kq flapkbZ] i'kqikyu] is;ty] f'k{kk] fo|qrhdj.k] LokLF;] lM+d fuekZ.k dks lfEefyr fd;k
x;k gSA ;kstukarxZr xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa djk, tkus okys dk;ks± ds fy;s f”kyk dysDVj vfèkÑr gSaA bl ;kstukarxZr o"kZ 2017-
18 ds nkSjku ` 3.00 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
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foèkk;d LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstuk (,e-,y-,-,y-,-Mh-)
bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; LFkkuh; vko';drkuqlkj vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dk fodkl] tuksi;ksxh ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk fuekZ.k
vkSj {ks=kh; fodkl ds vlarqyu dks nwj djuk gSA ;g ;kstuk jkT; ds 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh
gSA izR;sd foèkk;d vius fuokZpu {ks=k ds fy;s izfro"kZ ` 2.25 djksM+ rd ds dk;ks± dh vuq'kalk djus ds fy;s vfèkÑr
gSaA okf"kZd vkoaVu jkf'k dh de ls de 20% jkf'k vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds yksxksa ds fodkl ij vuq'kaflr djuk
vfuok;Z gSA dqy vkoaVu dk 25% ;k foèkkulHkk {ks=k esa eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu ;kstuk ds vèkhu fd;s x, dqy dk;Z
(izLrkfor@LohÑfr@izpfyr) dk 25% okf"kZd] tks Hkh de gks] eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu ;kstuk ds vèkhu djus ds izLrko
dh vuq'kalk dh xbZ gSA
is;ty ls lacfèkr dk;Z] laidZ lM+dsa] vkcknh {ks=k esa ty fudklh iz.kkyh] 'kgjh {ks=k esa lhojst dk dk;Z] jktdh;
f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds Hkou fuekZ.k] ikuh ds VSadksa dh liQkbZ] ikjaifjd ty lzksrksa dk fodkl dk;Z] i;ZVu LFkyksa dk
vkèkkjHkwr fodkl] i'kqvksa ds fy;s is;ty dh lqfoèkk] i'kqvksa ds LokLF; ds fy;s fpfdRlky;@vkS"kèkky;ksa ds Hkou
fuekZ.k] jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa ds fy;s fpfdRlk midj.k] fpfdRlky;@vkS"kèkky; Hkou fuekZ.k] cl LVSaM] lkeqnkf;d
dsanz] [ksy eSnku] fo|qrhdj.k] 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa esa daI;wVlZ] vnkyr ds Hkou vkfn dk;Z bl ;kstuk ds varxZr j[ks
x, gSaA
lkaln LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstuk (,e-ih-,y-,-Mh-)
jktLFkku jkT; ls 25 yksdlHkk ,oa 10 jkT;lHkk lnL; gSaA bl ;kstukarxZr izR;sd lkaln vius lalnh; {ks=k ds
fy;s izfro"kZ ` 5 djksM+ rd dh jkf'k ds dk;ks± gsrq f”kyk dysDVj dks vuq'kalk dj ldrk gSA laiw.kZ jkT; dk izfrfufèkRo
djus okys jkT;lHkk ds fuokZfpr lkaln ,d vFkok vfèkd f”kyksa dk p;u dj dk;ks± dh vuq'kalk dj ldrs gSaA ^xaHkhj
izkÑfrd vkink* dh fLFkfr esa lkaln ns'k esa dgha Hkh iquokZl gsrq fuèkkZfjr fn'kk&funsZ'k ds vuqlkj izR;sd vkink ds
fy;s vfèkdre ` 1.00 djksM+ rd dh LFkk;h laifÙk dk fuekZ.k djok ldrs gSaA
bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; {ks=k ds fodkl ds fy;s lkekftd ,oa vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa rFkk tuksi;ksxh ifjlaifÙk;ksa
dk l`tu djuk gSA bl ;kstuk esa LFkkuh; vko';drkvksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, fodklkRed izd`fr ds dk;Z fd;s tkrs
gSaA ;kstuk esa tu lewg }kjk nh?kZ vofèk rd mi;ksx esa yh tkus okyh LFkk;h@tuksi;ksxh ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k ij fo'ks"k
è;ku j[kk tkrk gSA lkaln LFkkuh; {ks=k fodkl ;kstukarxZr l`ftr ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk LokfeRo ljdkj esa fofgr gksrk gSA
dk;Z gsrq p;fur {ks=k esa ifjorZu lkaln dh lgefr ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA tgk¡ rd laHko gks] lacafèkr
lkaln ls izkIr izLrkoksa ds vuqlkj dk;ks± dh lHkh Lohd`fr;k¡ izLrko izkfIr ds 75 fnol esa iznku dh tkrh gSaA è;krO;
gS fd vizSy 2020 ls dksfoM 19 egkekjh ds dkj.k bldks nks o"kZ ds fy;s fuyafcr dj fn;k x;k gSA
ekuo fodkl ds vk;ke (Dimensions of Human Development)

jkT; ekuo fodkl izfrosnu (Report of state human development)
jktLFkku dk igyk ekuo fodkl izfrosnu o"kZ 2002 esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA bldk eq[; fo"k; ôS'ohdj.k ds
;qx esa LFkk;h vkthfodk dks c<+kok nsuk* FkkA ;g izfronsu tgk¡ ,d vksj Ñf"k ij dsafnzr Fkk] ogha nwljh vksj blesa
fofHkUu {ks=kksa ds vlarqyu dks Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k FkkA bleas tsaMj o LokLF; ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa dks fpfÉr dj fo'ks"k egÙo
fn;k x;k FkkA blesa jktdks"kh; lqèkkj dh vko';drk] lef"V vFkZO;oLFkk ds LFkkf;Ro ,oa LFkk;h ekuo fodkl O;wg
jpuk dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ FkhA jkT; ds ekuo fodkl izfrosnu dk v|ru o"kZ 2008 esa rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA jkT;
dk ekuo fodkl izfrosnu] 2015 'kh?kz gh izdkf'kr fd;k tk,xkA bl izfrosnu dk fo"k; ^lekurk ,oa LFkkf;Ro* gSA
366
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vkthfodk
jktLFkku dks mldh HkkSxksfydrk] vkthfodk] Hkw&izcaèku iz.kkyh ,oa lkekftd igpku esa vR;fèkd fofoèkrk dh
fo'ks"krkvksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ vk; ,oa ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk forj.k Hkh vleku gSA jkT; esa Ñf"k ,oa i'kqikyu vkthfodk
ds izeq[k Ïksr gSa] rFkkfi izns'k esa ekulwu dh vfu;ferrk ds dkj.k Ñf"k mRiknu esa O;kid mrkj&p<+ko gksrk gSA
jkT; esa vkthfodk ds Lrj ds vkdyu gsrq] ,d fuèkkZfjr vofèk esa] izfr O;fDr vk; ,d egÙoiw.kZ ladsrd gSA
jkT; esa] o"kZ 2011–12 ls 2017–18 (vfxze vuqeku) ds nkSjku izfr O;fDr vk; izpfyr dherksa ij ` 57,192 ls
c<+dj ` 1,00,551 gks xbZ gS ,oa fLFkj (2011–12) dherksa ij ` 57,192 ls c<+dj ` 76,146 gks xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj] jktLFkku eas 299 yk[k Jfed gSa] ftueas ls 244 yk[k xzkeh.k {ks=kksa rFkk 55
yk[k 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa fuokl djrs gSaA jkT; esa dk;Z lgHkkfxrk nj o"kZ 1981 dh 36.6% ls c<+dj o"kZ 2011 esa 43.6%
gks xbZ gSA tux.kuk o"kZ 2011 esa dk;Z lgHkkfxrk nj dqy tula[;k dk 43.6% Fkh] ;g iq#"kksa ds fy;s 51.5% o
efgykvksa ds fy;s 35.1% FkhA xr n'kd esa dk;Z 'kfDr esa 1.5% dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl fuxe (vkj-,l-Mh-lh-)
jktLFkku esa vkthfodk fe'ku dh 'kq:vkr lu~ 2004 esa dh x;h FkhA jktLFkku dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl
fuxe dks daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 dh èkkjk&25 ds varxZr xSj&ykHkizn daiuh ds :i esa iathÑr fd;k x;k FkkA jkT;
esa 350 ls vfèkd dkS'ky Hkkxhnkj laLFkkvksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, laiw.kZ jkT; esa izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dks fØ;kfUor djus
gsrq dkS'ky izf'k{k.k ra=k LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA fiNys pkj o"kks± dh vofèk esa 2.21 yk[k ls vfèkd O;fDr;ksa@;qokvksa
dks fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa izf'k{k.k fn;k x;kA
vè;k;&10
^cSafdax rFkk foÙkh; iz.kkyh * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa&
fons'kh cSad (Foreign bank) : ,sls cSad ftudk vfèkdka'k LokfeRo ,oa izcaèku&fu;a=k.k fons'kh ukxfjdksa ;k muds
izfrfufèkd laLFkkvksa ds gd esa gks] fons'kh cSad dgykrs gSaA
u, fu;eksa ds rgr fons'kh cSadksa dks Hkkjr esa viuh igyh 'kk[kk [kksyrs le; dsoy 10 fefy;u MkWyj dh iwath
lkFk ysdj vkuk gksrk gS] tcfd nwljh o rhljh 'kk[kk ds fy;s vfrfjDr iwath vko';drk Øe'k% 10 fefy;u MkWyj
o 5 fefy;u MkWyj gksxhA
lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad (Public sector bank) : ,sls cSad ftudk vfèkdka'k LokfeRo o izcaèku&fu;a=k.k izR;{kr%
ljdkj ds gkFk esa gks] tSls jk"Vªifr ds uke ls iathd`r gks ;k jk"Vªifr dh laLFkk (Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe] foÙk
ea=kky; vkfn) ds uke ls iathd`r gks] lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad dgykrs gSaA
1 vizSy] 2020 ls 10 cSadksa dks feykdj 4 cM+s cSadks ds :i eas laxfBr fd;k x;k gS blds ckn vc lkoZtfud
{ks=k ds cSadksa dh la[;k ?kVdj 12 gks x;h gSA
lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad (1 vizSy 2020)
Øe-l- cSad dk uke cSadksa esa LFkku lkoZtfud {ks=k ds blesa fofyr cSad (gky esa) uke
1. LVsV cSad vkWiQ bafM;k (SBI) izFke (lcls cM+k Hkkjrh; cSad) LVsV cSd a vkWiQ (ifV;kyk] =kko.kdksj]
(eq[;ky;& eqacbZ) chdkusj ,oa t;iqj] gSnjkckn] eSlwj)
vkSj Hkkjrh; efgyk cSad (2017 esa)
2. iatkc us'kuy cSad (PNB) f}rh; vksfj,aVy cSad vkWiQ dkWelZ rFkk
(eq[;ky;& ubZ fnYyh) ;qukbVsM cSad vkWiQ bafM;k (1 vizSy]
2020 ls)

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3. cSad vkWiQ cMkSnk (eq[;ky;& r`rh; nsuk cSad vkSj fot;k cSad (1 vizSy]
cM+kSnk) 2019 ls)
4. dsujk cSad (eq[;ky;& caxyq:) pkSFkk flfMdsV cSad (1 vizSy] 2020 ls)
5. ;wfu;u cSad vkWiQ bafM;k ik¡pok vkaèkzk cSad rFkk dkWiksZjs'ku cSad (1
(eq[;ky;& eqacbZ) vizSy] 2020 ls)
6. bafM;u cSad (eq[;ky;& psUuS) lkrok¡ bykgkckn cSad (1 vizSy] 2020 ls)
7. lsaVªy cSad vkWiQ bafM;k – –
(eq[;ky;& eqacbZ)
8. ;wdks cSd
a (eq[;ky;& dksydkrk) – –
9. bafM;u vksojlht cSad – –
(eq[;ky;& psUuS)
10. cSad vkWiQ bafM;k (eq[;ky;& – –
eaqcbZ)
11. cSad vkWiQ egkjk"Vª (eq[;ky;& – –
iw.ks)
12. iatkc ,aM flaèk cSad (eq[;ky;& – –
ubZ fnYyh)
futh {ks=k ds cSad (Private sector bank) : ftu cSadksa dk vfèkdka'k LokfeRo ,oa izcaèku&fu;a=k.k izR;{kr% ;k
ijks{kr% futh Lo:i ls Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds ikl gks] mls futh {ks=k ds cSad dgrs gSaA
Hkqxrku cSad (Payment bank)
Hkqxrku cSadksa dk ewy mn~ns'; de vk; okys ifjokjksa] y?kq O;olk;ksa] vlaxfBr {ks=k dh vU; bdkb;ksa rFkk Jfedksa
bR;kfn ds [kkrs [kqyokdj ,oa Hkqxrku çs"k.k lsok,¡ çnku djds] foÙkh; lekos'ku dk vfèkd çlkj djuk gSA ;g ,d
fo'ks"k izdkj dk cSad gS ftls lhfer nk;js esa cSa¯dx dk;Z djus dh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA ;s cSad tekvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSa
tks xzkgdksa dks Í.k ugha ns ldrsA izkjaHk esa ;s cSad izR;sd xzkgd ls vfèkdre `1 yk[k tek Lohdkj dj ldrs gSa rFkk
bu tek jkf'k;ksa dks udnh ;k ljdkjh izfrHkwfr;ksa esa gh fuos'k dj ldrs gSaA blds lkFk gh ;s cSad ,Vh,e] MsfcV dkMZ
rks tkjh dj ldrs gSa fdarq ØsfMV dkMZ tkjh ugha dj ldrsA E;wpqvy iaQMksa] chek tSls mRiknksa dk forj.k dj ldrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa fjtoZ cSad }kjk 24 uoacj 2014 dks budh LFkkiuk gsrq LohÑfr iznku dh x;h orZeku (vizSy 2020) esa
Hkkjr esa 6 Hkqxrku cSad dk;Zjr gS os gSa& ,;jVsy isesaV cSad] bafM;k iksLV isesaV cSad fyfeVsM] fiQuks isesaV cSad fyfeVsM]
isVh,e isesaV cSad fyfeVsM] ,u ,l Mh ,y isesaV cSad fyfeVsM] th;ks isesaV cSad fyfeVsMA
cSM cSad (Bad bank)
lHkh vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh c<+rh gqbZ xSj&fu"iknudkjh ifjlaifÙk;ksa (NPAs) dh leL;k dks lekIr djus
ds fy;s cSM cSad dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gSA ;g ,d ,slk cSad gksxk tks lHkh laLFkkvksa ds Mwcrs ½.k ,oa tksf[keiw.kZ ½.k
dks vPNs ls çcafèkr djsxkA cSM cSad vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh lHkh xSj&fu"iknuh; ifjlaifÙk;ksa dks O;ofLFkr djds
mUgsa cSa¯dx O;oLFkk esa iqu% ykus dk ç;kl djsxk] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i cSadksa dh ½.k nsus dh {kerk esa iqu% o`f¼
gks ldsxhA
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cSM cSad dh vko';drk ds ihNs dkj.k (Reasons behind the need for bad bank)
zzvuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh xSj&fu"iknuh; ifjlaifÙk;ksa esa gks jgh o`f¼_
zzf}&rqyu i=k dh c<+rh gqbZ leL;k_
zzcSadksa }kjk u, ½.k çnku djus ds fy;s miyCèk iwath esa deh_
zzcsly&III ekudksa ds ikyu djus gsrq_
zzcSadksa dks gksus okyh gkfu;ksa vkSj fnokfy;kiu ls cpkus ds fy;sA
?kjsyw ç.kkyhc¼ egÙoiw.kZ cSad (Domestic Systemically Important Banks–D-SIBs)

Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad us lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad ^Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad* rFkk futh {ks=k ds cSad ^vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ* o
,pMh,iQlh (HDFC) dks ?kjsyw ç.kkyhc¼ egÙoiw.kZ cSadksa ds :i esa igpku dh gSA ns'k ds dqN cM+s cSadksa dks ?kjsyw
ç.kkyhc¼ egÙoiw.kZ cSad (D-SIBs) ekuk tkrk gSA bu cSadksa dks ‘Too Big to Fail’ dh laKk nh tkrh gS] D;ksafd
vFkZO;oLFkk esa bu cSadksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ljdkj }kjk bu cSadksa dks çksRlkgu fn;k tkrk gSA ;s eq[;r;k nks
çdkj ds gksrs gSa&
zzoSf'od SIBs% budh igpku csly desVh vkWu cSa¯dx lqijfo”ku }kjk dh tkrh gSA
zz?kjsyw SIBs% budh igpku ns'k ds dsanzh; cSad }kjk dh tkrh gSA
yhM cSad ;kstuk (Lead Bank Scheme)

yhM cSad ;kstuk dk lapkyu Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad }kjk 1969 esa fd;k x;kA bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; f”kyksa dh
vFkZO;oLFkk esa lqèkkj djuk FkkA blds varxZr çR;sd f”kys ds fy;s ,d cSad dks yhM cSad ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
ftl cSad dks yhM cSad ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS og f”kyk Lrj ij ½.kksa dh ;kstuk cukus] ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa ls lacafèkr
foÙk çcaèku djus] fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa esa vU; cSadksa dks lg;ksx djus] ml {ks=k esa foÙkh; laLFkkuksa esa leUo; dk;e djus
,oa ml {ks=k esa cSa¯dx ç.kkyh dks lqpk# :i ls pykus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k 'ks;j ck”kkj (Major share markets in India)

Hkkjr ds izeq[k 'ks;j ck”kkj fuEufyf[kr gSa&
jk"Vªh; 'ks;j ck”kkj (National stock exchange) : isQjokuh lfefr dh fliQkfj'k ij o"kZ 1992 esa jk"Vªh; 'ks;j
ck”kkj dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd fodkl cSad (IDBI) dks gh jk"Vªh; 'ks;j ck”kkj dk izeq[k izorZd ekuk
tkrk gSA bl ck”kkj ds fy;s vkjafHkd vfèko`Qr iwath ` 25 djksM+ FkhA bldk eq[;ky; nf{k.k eqcabZ esa gSA è;krO; gS fd
LVkWd ,Dlpsatksa esa 49% rd izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr gksrh gSA
ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat (Bombay stock exchang–BSE) : o"kZ 1875 esa ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat dh LFkkiuk dh
xbZA 19 vxLr] 2005 dks bls ifCyd daiuh esa :ikarfjr dj fn;k x;kA blesa ik¡p g”kkj ls Hkh vfèkd daifu;ksa dks
iatho`Qr fd;k x;kA ;g nf{k.k ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k ,oa fo'o dk rhljk lcls cM+k LVkWd ,Dlpsat gSA BSE dk
lsalsDl 'ks;j lwpdkad ck”kkj dh izo`fÙk;ksa vkSj fn'kk dks O;Dr djus dk lcls izeq[k lwpd cuk gqvk gSA
SEBI (lsch) esa iathÑr LVkWd ekdsZV (15 vizSy 2020)
Øe la- uke LFkku dc rd oSèkrk
1. ch-,l-bZ- fyfeVsM nyky LVªhV eqacbZ LFkk;h
2. dksydkrk LVkWd ,Dlpsat fyfeVsM dksydkrk LFkk;h
3. bafM;u (INDIAINX) baVjus'kuy ,Dlpsat xk¡èkhuxj 28 fnlacj 2020 rd
4. bafM;u deksfMVh ,Dlpst fyfeVsM uoh eaqcbZ LFkk;h
5. esVªksiksfyVu LVkWd ,Dlpsat vkWiQ bafM;k ckanzk] eqacbZ 15 flracj] 2020 rd

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
6. eYVh deksfMVh ,Dlpsat vkWiQ bafM;k vaèksjh] eaqcbZ LFkk;h
7. us'kuy deksfMVh MsjhosfVo ,Dlpsat eqacbZ LFkk;h
8. us'kuy LVkWd ,Dlpsat vkWiQ bafM;k ckanzk] eqacbZ LFkk;h
9. NSEIFSC fyfeVsM xkaèkhuxj] xqtjkr 28 ebZ 2020 rd
o"kZ 1994 esa ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat esa nks 'ks;j ewY; lwpdkad ch-,l-bZ- 200 vkSj MkWysDl&200 dks pkyw fd;k
x;k FkkA è;krO; gS fd ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat dk jk"Vªh; lwpdkad 100 'ks;jksa dk gksrk gS] tcfd mldk laosnh 'ks;j
lwpdkad (Sensex stock index) 30 'ks;jksa dk gksrk gSA laosnh lwpdkad (Sensex) dh jpuk o"kZ 1986 esa dh xbZ FkhA
laosnh lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ 1978–79 gS rFkk jk"Vªh; lwpdkad dk vkèkkj o"kZ 1983–84 gSA
foeqnzhdj.k (Demonetisation)
foeqnzhdj.k og izfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk fdlh Hkh ns'k dh ljdkj viuh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fofue; ds ekè;e ds :i
esa izpfyr eqnzk ds ekSfnzd ewY; (uksV) dks dkuwuh :i ls izfrcafèkr ;k lekIr dj nsrh gSA izfrcaèk ds ckn ml eqnzk
dh dksbZ dher ugha jg tkrh ,oa ml eqnzk ls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh [kjhn&fcØh] ysu&nsu ,oa mls lafpr djuk vijkèk
ekuk tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ljdkj ubZ eqnzk pkyw djrh gSA
Hkkjr esa loZizFke 1946 esa foeqnzhdj.k fd;k x;k FkkA blds ckn 1978 esa turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj us dkys èku dh
leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy;s ` 1000 rFkk blls mQij ds uksVksa dks pyu ls ckgj dj fn;k FkkA iqu% vDVwcj 2000 ls `
1000 ds uksV pyu esa yk, x,A blh rjg tqykbZ 2011 esa ljdkj us 25 iSls ds flDds rFkk blls NksVs flDdksa dks pyu
ls ckgj dj fn;k FkkA orZeku ljdkj }kjk 8 uoacj] 2016 dks ` 500 rFkk ` 1000 ds uksVksa ij izfrcaèk yxk, x,]
rRi'pkr~ ` 500 ,oa ` 2000 ds uksVksa dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
foeqnzhdj.k ds ykHk (Benefits of demonetisation)
zzfoeqnzhdj.k ls lcls vfèkd iQk;nk ns'k esa dkys èku] Hkz"Vkpkj rFkk tkyh uksVksa dh leL;k ls fuiVus esa feyrk gSA
zzbl izfØ;k ds ekè;e ls vkradokn] uDlyokn rFkk vU; vkijkfèkd xfrfofèk;ksa ij jksd yxrh gSA
zzfoeqnzhdj.k ls cSadksa dh lk[k c<+rh gS ftlls C;kt njsa lLrh gksus yxrh gSaA
zzfoeqnzhdj.k ds ckn ljdkj ds ikl vkbZ jkf'k ls yksd dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dk nk;jk c<+rk gSA
zzfoeqnzhdj.k ds dkj.k udnh dh leL;k ls tw>rs yksx ,oa ljdkj dS'kysl vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj rs”kh ls vxzlj gksrh gSA
foeqnzhdj.k ds iQk;nksa ds lkFk bl izfØ;k esa y?kq vofèk gsrq dqN uqdlku Hkh gksrs gSa] tSls& ns'k ds i;ZVu m|ksx
dks èkDdk yxrk gS D;ksafd ns'k esa LFkkuh; eqnzk dh deh ls fons'kh i;ZVd vkdf"kZr ugha gksrs gSaA blds vykok foeqnzhdj.k
dk udkjkRed izHkko ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) ij Hkh iM+us dh vk'kadk trkbZ tkrh gSA blls ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn dh o`f¼ nj esa deh gks ldrh gS] ftlls vFkZO;oLFkk esa lqLrh Hkh vk ldrh gSA
fu"d"kZr% foeqnzhdj.k fdlh Hkh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk gsrq nh?kkZofèk dk iQk;nk gh ysdj vkrk gSA
½.kkRed C;kt nj
zztc vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kus ds mn~ns'; ls dsanzh; cSad viuh C;kt njksa dks ?kVkdj 0 ds vklikl dj nsrk gSA
rks bls ½.kkRed C;kt nj dgrs gSA
1. C;kt nj ldkjkRed (tSlk Hkkjr esa gSa) rFkk Í.kkRed nksuksa izdkj dh gksrh gS Í.kkRed C;kt nj ls rkRi;Z gS
fd ;fn ge cSad esa iSlk tek djrs gSa rks cSad iSlk lqjf{kr j[kus tSlh lsok ds cnys gels iSlk ysxk u fd C;kt
nsxkA ;fn ` 100 tek djsa vkSj 5 izfr'kr o"kZ Í.kkRed C;kt nj okf"kZd gks rks ,d o"kZ ckn ges ` 95 feysaxsA
;wjksih;u dsafnz; cSad }kjk loZizFke 2014 esa bls viuk;h x;k Fkk gky gh esa tkiku us bls viuk;k gSA
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Hkkjr ,oa jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk (Hkkx&2)
vè;k;&11
^yksd foÙk] jktdks"kh; uhfr ,oa ctV O;oLFkk * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k
yksd foÙk (Public Finance)

vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk (Meaning and Definition)
yksdfoÙk vFkZ'kkL=k dh og 'kk[kk gS tks ljdkj ds vk;&O;; dk vè;;u djrh gS vFkkZr~ yksd foÙk dk lacaèk
dsanz ljdkj] jkT; ljdkj ,oa LFkkuh; ljdkj ds vk; ,oa O;; ls gksrk gSA yksd foÙk dk lacaèk yksd lÙkkvksa dh
foÙkh; O;oLFkk ds foKku ,oa dyk ls gksrk gSA fofHkUu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us yksd foÙk dks fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k gSA
MkW- MkYVu ds vuqlkj] ¶yksd foÙk mu fo"k;ksa esa ls ,d gS tks vFkZ'kkL=k ,oa jktuhfr 'kkL=k dh lhek js[kk ij
fLFkr gSA bldk lacaèk yksd lÙkkvksa ds vk;&O;; rFkk muds ikjLifjd lek;kstu vkSj leUo; ls gSA
izks-lh-,y- cSLVsy ds vuqlkj] ^yksdfoÙk jkT; dh yksdlÙkkvksa ds vk;&O;;] muds ikjLifjd lacaèk] foÙkh; iz'kklu
,oa fu;a=k.k dk vè;;u djrk gSA lexzrk ls yksd foÙk ewy :i ls ljdkjksa ds vk;&O;; ls lacafèkr gS rFkk ljdkjksa
dk vFkZ dsanz ljdkj] jkT; ljdkjksa rFkk LFkkuh; ljdkjksa ls gSA orZeku esa yksd foÙk dk {ks=k vfèkd O;kid gks x;k
gS] blds varxZr ljdkj ds vk;&O;; ds vfrfjDr foÙkh; iz'kklu] ys[kk fujh{k.k] lkoZtfud Í.k izcaèku ,oa foÙkh;
fu;a=k.k vkfn dk;ks± dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
yksd foÙk dh fo"k;&lkexzh (Subject Matter of Public Finance)

yksd foÙk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dh foospuk bfrgkl esa Hkh feyrh gSA ,Me fLeFk us viuh iqLrd 'Wealth of
Nation' (1776) ds [kaM 5 esa yksd foÙk ds fofHkUu vaxksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA bl [kaM esa rhu vè;k; gaS tks Øe'k%
ljdkj ds O;;] ljdkj ds jktLo rFkk yksd Í.k dk foospu djrs gSaA yksd foÙk vFkZ'kkL=k dk og Hkkx gS tks fdlh
ns'k dh foÙk O;oLFkk rFkk mlls lacafèkr iz'kklfud ,oa vU; leL;kvksa dk vè;;u djrk gS vkSj varr% bldk mís';
fLFkjrk ds lkFk vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfr dks cuk, j[kuk gksrk gSA yksd foÙk ds vè;;u dks fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa
foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
lkoZtfud O;;
lkoZtfud Í.k lkoZtfud vk;
yksd foÙk
foÙkh; iz'kklu jktdks"kh; ;k foÙkh; uhfr
1. lkoZtfud O;; (Public Expenditure): bldss varxZr ;g vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd lkoZtfud O;; fdu&fdu
enksa ij djuk vko';d gS\ lkoZtfud O;; dk Lo:i ,oa ifj.kke D;k gks\ lkoZtfud O;; djrs le; fdu&fdu
fu;eksa ,oa fl¼karksa dk ikyu fd;k tk,\
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lkoZtfud izkfèkdj.kksa] ;Fkk& dsanzh;] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; ljdkjksa }kjk yksxksa dh lkewfgd lkekftd vko';drkvksa
dh iwfrZ gsrq fd;s tkus okys O;; dks lkoZtfud O;; dgk tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa 1986-87 rd dqy lkoZtfud O;;
dks fodklkRed O;; rFkk xSj&fodklkRed O;; ds :i esa ck¡Vk tkrk Fkk] ijarq vc 1987-88 ls dqy lkoZtfud
O;; dks fuEufyf[kr nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk jgk gS&
;kstukxr O;; ;k vk;kstu O;; xSj&;kstukxr O;; ;k vk;kstu fHkUu O;;A
2. lkoZtfud vk; (Public Revenue): blds varxZr ;g vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd ljdkj viuh vk; fdu&fdu
lzksrksa ls izkIr djrh gSA blesa vk; ds fofHkUu lzksrksa dk fo'ys"k.k] oxhZdj.k] lkèkuksa dh xfr'khyrk rFkk muds
lkisf{kd egÙo ,oa fl¼kar dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr vk; ds bu lzksrksa dk ns'k ds miHkksx]
mRiknu forj.k] cpr rFkk fofu;ksx ij D;k izHkko iM+k gS] dk Hkh vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
la{ksi esa] ljdkj dh dqy izkfIr;ksa ls vfHkizk; ,d foÙkh; o"kZ esa ljdkj dh lHkh lzksrksa ls izkIr gksus okyh vuqekfur
ekSfnzd vk; ls gSA ljdkj dh dqy izkfIr;ksa dk nks Hkkxksa esa oxhZdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
jktLo izkfIr;k¡ iwathxr izkfIr;k¡
3. lkoZtfud Í.k (Public Debt): bl vax ds varxZr ;g vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd lkoZtfud Í.k D;ksa vkSj
fdl mn~ns'; gsrq fy;s tkrs gSaA fdu fl¼karksa ds vkèkkj ij lkoZtfud Í.kksa dks izkIr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk bu
Í.kksa dk Hkqxrku fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gS\
lkoZtfud Í.k fdlh Hkh foÙkh; o"kZ esa ctsVjh O;ogkjksa ls mRiUu jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dh iwfrZ ds fy;s vkarfjd ,oa
ckgjh lzksrksa ls izkIr fd;s x, Í.k dks dgrs gSaA
orZeku esa Hkkjrh; ctsVjh O;ogkj ds vuqlkj dsanz ljdkj ds lkoZtfud Í.k ds varxZr rhu izdkj dh ns;rk,¡
vkrh gSaA
lkoZtfud Í.k
vkarfjd Í.k fons'kh Í.k vU; ns;rk,¡

4. foÙkh; iz'kklu (Financial Administration): blds varxZr ;g vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd ljdkj fdl izdkj
ls foÙkh; fØ;kvksa dk izcaèku djrh gSA blesa ctV fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k] mís';ksa ,oa lajpuk dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k
tkrk gSA blesa ?kkVs ds ctV ,oa vkfèkD; ds ctV dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
5. jktdks"kh; ,oa foÙkh; uhfr (Fiscal Policy): yksd foÙk ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa jktdks"kh; uhfr ds egÙo
dks vkèkqfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us Lohdkj fd;k gSA fLFkjrk ds lkFk vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr iznku djus ds fy;s
bldk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA blds }kjk ns'k esa mRiknu fØ;kvksa dks fu;fer djds] jk"Vªh; vk; ds forj.k dks
U;k;iw.kZ cukdj rFkk dherksa esa fLFkjrk ykdj vkfFkZd fodkl ds y{; dks izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
yksd foÙk ,oa futh foÙk (Public Finance and Private Finance)
yksd foÙk ,oa futh foÙk esa varj
varj dk vkèkkj yksd foÙk futh foÙk
izÑfr yksd foÙk dk lacaèk ljdkj ds vk; ,oa O;; ls futh foÙk O;fDrxr vk; ,oa O;; ls lacafèkr
gksrk gSA gksrk gSA
mís'; yksd foÙk dk mís'; lkekftd vko';drkvksa dh futh foÙk dk mís'; ekuoh; vko';drkvksa
larfq "V izkIr djuk gS vFkkZr~ ljdkj ds dk;ks± dk dh larqf"V izkIr djuk gS vFkkZr~ futh&foÙk
mís'; lkekftd dY;k.k dks vfèkdre djuk gksrk O;oLFkk esa O;fDr viuh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq
gSA yksd foÙk tu dY;k.k esa fo'okl j[krk gSA iz;kl djrk gSA futh foÙk dk y{; vfèkdre
ykHk izkIr djuk gksrk gSA
372
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mi;ksfxrk yksd foÙk izk;% tu dY;k.k dks è;ku esa j[kdj futh foÙk esa izk;% le&lhekar mi;ksfxrk ds
fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ljdkj dks jktuhfrd vkèkkjksa fu;e dk ikyu djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk
ij O;; djuk iM+rk gSA blls O;; dh mi;ksfxrk gS] rkfd O;fDr viuh fuf'pr vk; ls
ij è;ku ugha fn;k tkrk gSA vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr dj ldsA
{ks=k yksd foÙk dk {ks=k vR;fèkd O;kid gksrk gSA futh foÙk dk {ks=k lhfer gksrk gSA yksd foÙk
futh foÙk dh rqyuk esa yksd foÙk ds lkèku dh rqyuk esa futh foÙk ds lkèku vfèkd
vfèkd foLr`r gksrs gSaA ljdkj dh ;kstuk,¡ ladqfpr gksrs gSaA O;fDr fo'ks"k dh ;kstuk,¡
vR;fèkd foLr`r gksrh gaSA cgqr y?kq Lrj dh gksrh gSaA
vofèk esa varj ljdkj ,d fuf'pr vofèk lkekU;r;k ,d O;fDr ,oa ifjokj fdlh ,slh fuf'pr vofèk
o"kZ ds fy;s vk;&O;; dk ctV rS ; kj ds fy;s vk;&O;; dk ys[kk rS;kj ugha
djrh gS A djrs gSaA
ctV dh izÑfr esa ljdkj dk vkfèkD; ctV gksuk lkekU;r;k lgh O;fDr@ifjokj dk vkfèkD; ctV gks u k
varj ;k vPNk ugha ekuk tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gksrk gS& lkekU;rk vPNk ekuk tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS
mPp Lrjh; djkèkku rFkk fuEu Lrjh; O;;A fd mPp vk; vftZr djuk ,oa vk; dk
dq'kyre mi;ksx djukA
yksd foÙk dk egÙo (Importance of Public Finance)

fdlh Hkh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa yksd foÙk dk egÙo mldh vkfFkZd fØ;kvksa ls lacafèkr gksrk gSA izkphu dky
esa yksd foÙk dk egÙo cgqr gh de gksrk Fkk D;ksafd ml le; jkT; ds dk;Z cgqr gh lhfer gqvk djrs FksA jktk
vFkok jkT; dk izeq[k dk;Z U;k; lqfuf'pr djuk] cká vkØe.kksa ls lqj{kk djuk ,oa vU; lkekU; dk;ks± ,oa lqfoèkkvksa
rd gh lhfer FkkA le; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ifjorZu ds vuqlkj jkT; ds dk;ks± ,oa muds ;ksxnku esa ifjorZu gqvkA
orZeku esa jkT;ksa ds dk;ks± ,oa dÙkZO;ksa esa o`f¼ gqbZA jkT; dk dk;Z U;k; lqfuf'pr djuk ,oa cká vkØe.kksa ls j{kk
djuk rd lhfer ugha jgdj ,d dY;k.kdkjh jkT; ds :i eas dk;Z djuk gks x;k gSA orZeku esa ljdkj vkfFkZd fodkl
dks c<+kok nsus] lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerk dks de djus] tudY;k.kdkjh dk;ks± dk liQyrkiwoZd lapkyu djus] lkekftd
tu mi;ksxh lsok,¡ lqfuf'pr djus] vkèkkjHkwr volajpukRed <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k djus] vkarfjd ,oa ckgjh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr
djus] xjhch ,oa csjks”kxkjh mUewyu djus ds fy;s egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z djrh gSA bu lHkh dk;ks± esa jktdks"kh; uhfr dh
egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA bu lHkh dk;ks± ds laiknu ds fy;s vR;fèkd foÙk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA bl izdkj jkT; rFkk
ljdkj ds dk;ks± esa o`f¼ gksus ls yksdfoÙk ds egÙo esa Hkh vR;fèkd o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
yksd foÙk ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa izR;{k :i ls lgHkkxh gksrk gSA orZeku esa izR;sd jk"Vª rhoz vkfFkZd fodkl
izkIr djuk pkgrk gS ftlds fy;s miyCèk lalkèkuksa dk vuqdwyre mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djuk] vfrfjDr lalkèkuksa dk izcaèku
djuk vR;ar vko';d gSA orZeku esa izR;sd ns'k dh ljdkj }kjk tu dY;k.k gsrq cgqr lh dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,¡ pykbZ
tkrh gSaA blds lkFk gh jkT; ds }kjk vius ukxfjdksa dks cgqr lh tuksi;ksxh lsok,¡ iznku dh tkrh gSaA blds fy;s jkT;
dks vR;fèkd foÙk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
jkT; foÙk dh izkfIr dj vk; rFkk dsanz ljdkj ls Í.k izkfIr ds ekè;e ls djrk gSA Hkkjr ds lafoèkku ds vuqlkj
;fn fdlh jkT; ds ikl dsanz ljdkj dks cdk;k ns;rk,¡ gSa rks Hkh og jkT; dsanz ljdkj dh lgefr ls nksckjk Í.k izkIr
dj ldrk gSA
orZeku esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu fofHkUu jk"Vªksa dh vkfFkZd uhfr dk izeq[k vax cu x;k gSA bl mís'; dh iwfrZ gsrq Hkh
ljdkjksa dks Hkkjh ek=kk esa èku O;; djuk iM+rk gSA bu lc dh iwfrZ gsrq ljdkj dj yxkrh gS] vko';drk iM+us ij
Í.k ysrh gS ,oa ?kkVs dk ctV cukrh gSA bl izdkj foÙk dh O;oLFkk yksdfoÙk ds ekè;e ls dh tkrh gSA Hkkjr esa
yksd foÙk ds ekè;e ls cpr ,oa fuos'k dks izksRlkgu nsdj iwath fuekZ.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA blds ekè;e ls eqnzkLiQhfr
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dh nj ij fu;a=k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA yksd foÙk ds dq'ky izcaèku }kjk lalkèkuksa dk mfpr vkoaVu ,oa dq'kyre
mi;ksx lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds lkFk gh lekos'kh fodkl ds y{; dks izkIr djus ds fy;s Hkh yksd foÙk
dkiQh vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSA
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ cuke futh oLrq,¡ (Public Goods V/s Private Goods)
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ futh oLrq,¡
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ os oLrq,¡ gksrh gSa ftu ij ljdkj dk futh oLrq,¡ os oLrq,¡ gksrh gSa ftu ij LokfeRo futh vFkkZr~
,oa iwjs lekt dk lk>k LokfeRo gksrk gS vkSj lHkh yksx fdlh O;fDr vFkok laLFkk dk gksrk gS vkSj ml laifÙk ds
mudk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSa] tSls& lM+dsa] ikdZ] jsy] fctyh Lokeh gh mudk Lo;a miHkksx vFkkZr~ iz;ksx djrs gS]a tSl&s
bR;kfnA ?kM+h] diM+]s dkj] iQuhZpj bR;kfnA
lkoZtfud oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx vko';drkuqlkj dksbZ Hkh futh oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx dsoy mlds Lokeh dh
O;fDr dqN fuf'pr iz'kqYd vnk djds dj ldrk gS] vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s gh fd;k tkrk gS] tSls&
tSls& jsy esa lhV vkjf{kr djds liQj djukA dkj dk viuh vko';drkuqlkj mi;ksx djukA
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ lekt ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds fy;s fcuk futh oLrqvksa ij mlds Lokeh dk gh izHkqRo gksrk gSA dksbZ
fdlh HksnHkko ds lqyHk gksrh gaSA budk mi;ksx fdlh ds Hkh vU; O;fDr fcuk mlds Lokeh dh vuqefr ds mudk
fy;s Hkh oftZr ugha gksrkA mi;ksx ugha dj ldrkA
lkoZtfud oLrqvksa ds mi;ksx esa ckjackjrk dh izo`fÙk ns[kh futh oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx lhfer vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ
tkrh gSA budk iz;ksx vusdksa ckj vusd O;fDr;ksa }kjk fd;k ds fy;s gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tk ldrk gSA
jktdks"kh; uhfr (Fiscal Policy)

vFkZ'kkL=kh dhal dh iqLrd n tujy F;ksjh vkWiQ baIykW;esaV ,aM euh esa izfrikfnr fopkjksa esa ,d fopkj ;g Hkh
gS fd ljdkj dks jktdks"kh; uhfr dk iz;ksx fuxZr vkSj jks”kxkj dks fLFkj djus ds fy;s fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA dhal ds
vuqlkj ljdkj dks djksa rFkk O;; esa ifjorZuksa ds ekè;e ls jktdks"kh; uhfr }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk esa fLFkjrk ykus dk iz;kl
djuk pkfg;sA
jktdks"kh; uhfr ls rkRi;Z dj] lkoZtfud O;; vkSj lkoZtfud ½.k dk izcaèk fdUgha lqfuf'pr mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIr
djus ls gSA
Hkkjr dh jktdks"kh; uhfr ds o`gn~ mn~ns';ksa ds varxZr larqfyr ,oa rhoz fodkl] dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh LFkkiuk
vkSj lektoknh <ax osQ lekt dh jpuk djuk bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA bu mn~ns';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr
jktdks"kh; uhfr;k¡ viukbZ xb±µ
zzxzkeh.k vkèkkjh; lajpuk ij iwathxr O;; esa o`f¼ djuk rkfd Ñf"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl dks c<+k;k tk ldsA
zziw.kZ jks”kxkj dh fLFkfr izkIr djus ds fy;s iz;kl djukA
zzlkoZtfud {ks=k dh ?kkVs esa py jgh bdkb;ksa esa fofuos'k dh izfØ;k tkjh j[kukA
zzjktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks fudV Hkfo"; esa ;FkklaHko 'kwU; djukA
zzjktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks la?k vkSj jkT; ds fy;s Øe'k% 3% vkSj 2% ls de djukA
zzegÙoghu oLrqvksa (Non Merit Goods) ij nh tk jgh lfClMh dks de djuk ,oa oSlh fNih gqbZ lfClMh Hkh ?kVkuk
tks leFkZ yksxksa dks vfèkd ykHk igq¡pk jgh gSA
zzHkqxrku larqyu dh fLFkfr izkIr djus ds fy;s iz;kl djukA
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voèkkj.kk (Concept)
lkoZtfud vk;] lkoZtfud O;;] lkoZtfud Í.k] djkjksi.k] ctV ?kkVs] lfClMh vkSj ghukFkZ izcaèku ;k ?kkVs dh
foÙk O;oLFkk ls lacafèkr uhfr;k¡ ^jktdks"kh; uhfr* dgykrh gSA djkjksi.k] lkoZtfud O;; rFkk lkoZtfud ½.k jktdks"kh;
uhfr ds çeq[k ?kVd gksrs gSaA ljdkj jktdks"kh; uhfr ds }kjk futh {ks=kksa ds fy;s lalkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk] lalkèkuksa dk
vkoaVu rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl esa lkoZtfud {ks=k dh Hkwfedk bR;kfn dks çHkkfor djrh gSA bl uhfr dk lapkyu ljdkj
foÙk ea=kky; dh lgk;rk ls Lo;a djrh gSA jktdks"kh; uhfr ds rgr vR;fèkd eqnzkLiQhfr dh fLFkfr esa de&ls&de
?kkVs dk ctV cukus rFkk de&ls&de ghukFkZ izcaèku dk lgkjk ysus dh uhfr viukbZ tkrh gS] lkFk&gh&lkFk vko';d
oLrqvksa ij yxs dj dks de ;k lekIr dj fn;k tkrk gSA lfClMh dks Hkh c<+k fn;k tkrk gS] rkfd vkèkkjHkwr oLrqvksa
rd vke turk dh igq¡p Hkh gks ldsA
tc vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz ekax ,oa O;; dh deh ds dkj.k eanh tSlh fLFkfr gks rc ljdkj jktdks"kh; uhfr dh
lgk;rk ls djksa esa deh rFkk lkoZtfud O;;ksa esa o`f¼ ds }kjk lexz ekax ,oa O;; dks c<+kus dk ç;kl djds eanh ls
fudyus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA blds foijhr tc vFkZO;oLFkk esa lexz ekax ,oa O;; dh vfèkdrk ds dkj.k vfHko`f¼
dh fLFkfr gks rks ljdkj jktdks"kh; uhfr ds ekè;e ls lkoZtfud O;;ksa esa deh djds rFkk djkjksi.k esa o`f¼ djds
vFkZO;oLFkk dks larqfyr djus dk ç;kl djrh gSA
jktdks"kh; uhfr ds mís'; (Purpose of Fiscal Policy)

1. lalkèkuksa dks xfr'khy djuk (Mobilisation of Resources): jktdks"kh; uhfr dk izeq[k mn~ns'; ns'k dh rhoz
vkfFkZd o`f¼ vkSj fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djuk gksrk gSA bl mn~ns'; dks iwjk djus ds fy;s dsanz rFkk jkT; ljdkjsa
jktdks"kh; uhfr }kjk vius foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dks xfr'khy djus dk iz;kl djrh gSaA izR;{k rFkk vizR;{k djksa]
lkoZtfud cpr] futh cpr vkfn ekè;eksa ls ljdkjsa foÙkh; lalkèkuksa dks xfr'khyrk iznku djrh gSaA
2. vk; vkSj laifÙk dh vlekurkvksa esa deh (Reduction in Inequality of Income and Wealth): jktdks"kh;
uhfr dk mn~ns'; lekt ds fofHkUu oxks± ds chp vk; vkSj laifÙk dh vlekurkvksa dks lekIr dj lekurk ;k
lkekftd U;k; dks izkIr djuk gksrk gSA bl mn~ns'; dh izkfIr ds fy;s ljdkj }kjk mPp vk; oxZ ls vk; dj
dh olwyh rFkk dj jktLo dk xjhch fuokj.k ,oa vU; lekt lqèkkj ;kstukvksa ij vfèkd [kpZ djus tSls mik;
fd;s tkrs gSaA
3. ewY; fLFkjrk vkSj eqnzkLiQhfr dk fu;a=k.k (Price Stability and Control of Inflation): jktdks"kh; uhfr ds
mn~ns';ksa esa ,d izeq[k mn~ns'; ?kjsyw ck”kkj esa oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds ewY;ksa dks fLFkj j[kuk rFkk eqnzkLiQhfr dks
fu;af=kr djuk gksrk gSA bl gsrq ljdkj foÙkh; ?kkVs dks de djus] dj cpr ;kstukvksa rFkk foÙkh; lalkèkuksa ds
mRiknd mi;ksx dks c<+kus dk iz;kl djrh gSA
4. jks”kxkj l`tu (Employment Generation): izHkko'kkyh jktdks"kh; uhfr }kjk ljdkj jks”kxkj l`tu dk gj
laHko iz;kl djrh gSA blds fy;s ljdkj }kjk fofuekZ.k {ks=k esa fuos'k dks c<+kok nsus] NksVs m|ksxksa dks dj rFkk
'kqYd esa jkgr nsus tSls mik; fd;s tkrs gSaA
5. larqfyr {ks=kh; fodkl (Balanced Regional Development): ljdkj }kjk {ks=kh; vlekurk dks nwj djus ds
fy;s vusd izkstsDV] tSls fd lM+d fuekZ.k] fo|qr vkiwfrZ] Ldwy] m|ksxksa dks izksRlkgu vkfn pyk, tkrs gSaA budk
foÙkh;u yksd foÙk ds rgr fd;k tkrk gSA
6. Hkqxrku larqyu esa ?kkVs dks de djuk (Reducing the Deficit In Balance of Payment): ljdkj fu;kZr dks
c<+kok nsus ds fy;s fu;kZrdksa dks izksRlkgu nsrh gS rFkk vk;kr dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy;s mik; djrh gSA bl
izdkj Hkqxrku larqyu dh vlekurk dks de djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
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7.jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ (Increase In National Income): izHkko'kkyh jktdks"kh; uhfr vFkZO;oLFkk esa okafNr
cnyko ykrh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk; rFkk izfrO;fDr vk; esa o`f¼ ns'k ds izR;{k rFkk ijks{k dj
laxzg dks c<+k nsrh gSA
8. cqfu;knh <k¡ps dk fodkl (Development of Basic Infrastructure): jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ gksus ls ljdkj
cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fodkl dks lefiZr ;kstukvksa esa ”;knk [kpZ dj ikrh gSA cqfu;knh <k¡ps esa fodkl gksus ls ns'k
ds vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr feyrh gSA
9. fons'kh eqnzk dh vk; (Foreign Exchange Earning): ljdkj }kjk ns'k esa fuos'k dks izksRlkgu nsus ls ?kjsyw
{ks=k esa fons'kh fuos'k esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
mi;qZDr ds vykok lalkèkuksa dk mfpr vkoaVu] futh {ks=k ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsuk vkfn Hkkjr dh jktdks"kh;
uhfr ds mn~ns';ksa esa 'kkfey gSaA
dsanzh; ctV 2020-21 (Central Budget 2020-21)

1 iQjojh 2020 dks foÙkea=kh fueZyk lhrkje.k us foÙk o"kZ 2020-21 dk ctV is'k fd;k tks vc rd dk lcls
yack ctV Hkk"k.k FkkA bl ctV dk y{; yksxksa dks jkstxkj miyCèk djkuk] dkjksckj etcwr djuk vkSj vYila[;dksa]
vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ,oa lHkh efgykvksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djuk crk;k x;kA
ctV dh eq[; >yfd;k¡
zzO;;% 2020&21 esa ljdkj us 30]42]230 djksM+ #i, ds O;; dk çLrko j•k gS] tksfd 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr
vuqeku ls 12-7» vfèkd gSA
zzçkfIr;ka% fofuos'k ls vfèkd vuqekfur jktLo ds dkj.k çkfIr;ksa ('kq¼ mèkkfj;ksa ds vfrfjÙkQ) ds 16-3» c<+dj
22]45]893 djksM+ #i, gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zzthMhih dk fodkl% 2020&21 esa ljdkj us 10» dh ukWfeuy thMhih o`f¼ nj (;kuh okLrfod o`f¼ tek
eqækLiQhfr) dk vuqeku yxk;k gSA 2019&20 esa ;g vuqeku 12» FkkA
zz?kkVs% jktLo ?kkVk thMhih ds 2-7» ij yf{kr gS tksfd 2019&20 ds 2-4» ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls vfèkd gSA
jktdks"kh; ?kkVk thMhih ds 3-5» ij yf{kr gS tksfd 2019&20 ds 3-8» ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls de gSA mYys•uh;
gS fd ljdkj dk 2019&20 esa jktdks"kh; ?kkVs (3-3») vkSj 2020&21 esa eè;e vofèk ds 3» ds y{; ls vkxs
fudyus dk vuqeku gSA blesa vkWiQ ctV mèkkfj;ka 'kkfey ugha gSa (2020&21 esa thMhih dk 0-9»)A
zzea=kky;ksa dk vkcaVu% ftu 13 ea=kky;ksa dks lcls vfèkd vkcaVu fd;k x;k gS] muesa lapkj ea=kky; (129»)
vkSj blds ckn Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; (30») vkSj x`g ea=kky; (20») ds vkcaVuksa esa lcls vfèkd
c<+ksrjh ntZ dh xbZ gSA
iQkbukal fcy esa VSDl çLrko
VSDl dkuwuksa esa ifjorZu ds vfrfjÙkQ iQkbukal fcy] 2020 esa csukeh laifÙk ysunsu ij çfrcaèk ,DV] 1988 esa dqN
xSj dj ifjorZuksa dks Hkh çLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
zzbude VSDl dh njksa esa ifjorZu% bude VSDl dh njksa esa ifjorZu fd;k x;k gSA rkfydk 1 esa ekStwnksa VSDl njksa
dh rqyuk çLrkfor VSDl njksa ls dh xbZ gSA mYys•uh; gS fd ubZ O;fÙkQxr VSDl njsa oSdfYid gSa vkSj vxj O;fÙkQ
dqN 'krks± dks iwjk djrk gS rks og mudk ykHk mBk ldrk gS] tSls vxj og dqN NwVksa ;k dVkSfr;ksa dk ykHk ugha
mBkrkA buesa lkekU; dVkSfr;ka] vodk'k ;k=kk HkÙkk] ?kj fdjk;k HkÙkk] gkse yksu ij C;kt Hkqxrku vkSj vè;k; VI&,
ds varxZr vkus okyh dVkSfr;ka (çkWfoMsaV iQaM esa fuos'k] chek çhfe;e] èkekZFkZ laLFkkvksa dks pank] bR;kfn) 'kkfey
gSaA ,d ckj bl fodYi dk bLrseky djus ij ckn ds o"kks± esa ;gh ykxw gksxkA
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vk; ekStwnk VSDl nj çLrkfor VSDl nj
5 yk• #i, rd 'kwU; 'kwU;
5 yk• #i, vkSj 7-5 yk• #i, ds chp 10»
20»
7-5 yk• #i, vkSj 10 yk• #i, ds chp 15»
10 yk• #i, vkSj 12-5 yk• #i, ds chp 20»
12-5 yk• #i, vkSj 15 yk• #i, ds chp 30» 25»
15 yk• #i, ls vfèkd 30»
zzfuEu VSDl njksa dk fodYi% gky gh esa bude VSDl ,DV us ?kjsyw daifu;ksa dks ;g fodYi fn;k gS fd vxj os
dqN dVkSfr;ksa dk nkok u djsa rks 22» dh VSDl njksa dk ykHk mBk ldrh gSaA dqN vkSj dVkSfr;ksa dks 'kkfey djus
ds fy, bl lwph dks c<+k;k x;k gS] tSls lsD'ku 80th ds varxZr vkus okyh dVkSfr;ka (èkekZFkZ laLFkkvksa dks pank) A
blds vfrfjÙkQ lgdkjh laLFkkvksa dks Hkh ;g lqfoèkk çnku dh xbZ gSA
zzdkWjiksjsV~l dks ykHk% orZeku esa ?kjsyw eSU;wiQSDpfjax daifu;ksa ds ikl ;g fodYi gS fd vxj os ,DV ds varxZr
dqN dVkSfr;ksa dk nkok u djsa rks 15» dh nj ij bude VSDl pqdk ldrh gSaA vc fctyh mRiknu esa yxh ?kjsyw
daifu;ksa dks Hkh ;g ykHk feysxkA
zzykHkka'k forj.k VSDl% orZeku esa daifu;ksa dks vius 'ks;jgksYMlZ dks fn, tkus okys ykHkka'k ij 15» dh nj ij
VSDl pqdkuk gksrk gSA bls gVk fn;k x;k gS vkSj vc ykHkka'k vk; ij çkIrdrkZvksa dks VSDl pqdkuk gksxkA
zzlkekftd lqj{kk va'knku ds fy, dVkSfr;ksa dh lhek% orZeku esa ekU;rk çkIr çkWfoMsaV iQaM] ,d LohÑr lqijuq,'ku
iQaM vkSj jk"Vªh; isa'ku ;kstuk esa fu;ksÙkQk }kjk fn, x, va'knku dh jkf'k ij dVkSfr;ksa dh dksbZ la;qÙkQ lhek ugha gSA
vc dVkSfr;ksa ij 7-5 yk• #i, dh la;qÙkQ lhek r; dh xbZ gS ftldk bu va'knkuksa ds fy, nkok fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzHkkjr esa fuokl% bude VSDl] 1961 esa Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ;k Hkkjrh; ewy ds O;fÙkQ ds fuokl ds LFkku dks fuèkkZfjr
djus okyh fofHkUu 'krks± dks fufnZ"V fd;k x;k gSA ,d O;fÙkQ dks fuoklh ekuk tk,xk] vxj Hkkjr esa mldh Xykscy
bude dj ;ksX; gS vkSj vxj og Hkkjr esa 182 fnuksa ls vfèkd le; ls gSA vc bl le; lhek dks ?kVkdj 120
fnu dj fn;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ dksbZ Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd tks vfèkokl ;k fuokl ds dkj.k fdlh vU; ns'k
;k {ks=k esa VSDl ds fy, nk;h ugha gS rks mls Hkkjr dk fuoklh ekuk tk,xkA
zzbZ&dkWelZ ysunsu ij VhMh,l% bZ&dkWelZ ysunsu ij 1» VhMh,l olwyk tk,xkA
zzgkmflax bulsafVo% orZeku esa vxj lLrs edkuksa okys çkWtsDV~l dks 31 ekpZ] 2020 rd eatwj dj fy;k x;k gS rks
muds fuekZ.k ls gksus okys ykHkksa ij NwV nh tkrh gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ vxj 31 ekpZ] 2020 rd yksu eatwj dj fy;k
x;k gS rks vius dCts okys edku ds ekfydksa dks yksu ij pqdk, tkus okys C;kt ij 1]50]000 #i, dh vfrfjÙkQ
VSDl dVkSrh çnku dh xbZ gSA nksuksa ekeyksa esa ;g le; lhek 31 ekpZ] 2021 dj nh xbZ gSA
zzLVkVZ&vIl ds fy, VSDl esa cnyko% vxj LVkVZ&vIl dks 1 vçSy] 2016 vkSj 31 ekpZ] 2021 ds chp fuxfer
fd;k x;k gS vkSj vxj mudk VuZvksoj 25 djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd dk ugha gS rks os lkr o"kks± esa ls yxkrkj rhu
o"kks± ds ykHk ij iw.kZ dj NwV dk ykHk ys ldrs gSaA vc bl le;kofèk dks lkr ls nl o"kZ dj fn;k x;k gSA blds
vfrfjÙkQ VuZvksoj dh lhek Hkh 25 djksM+ #i, ls c<+kdj 100 djksM+ #i, dj nh xbZ gSA
zz blds vfrfjÙkQ LVkVZ&vIl ds deZpkfj;ksa dks vius bZ,lvksiht (LVkWd vkWI'ku) ij VSDl pqdkuk gksrk gSA vc os
(i) vkdyu o"kZ ds var ls 4 o"kZ •Re gksus rd] (ii) vkWI'ku dh fcØh ij] ;k (iii) deZpkjh ds daiuh NksM+us
rd] buesa ls tks Hkh igys gks] VSDl ds Hkqxrku dks LFkfxr dj ldrs gSaA
zz,Dlkbt% dqN rackdw mRiknksa] tSls flxjsV] P;qbax VkscSdks vkSj VkscSdks ,DlVªSDV ij lsaVªy ,Dlkbt MÔwVh dks c<+k
fn;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, P;qbax VkscSdks ij MÔwVh dh nj çfr fdyks ij 10» ls c<+kdj 25» dj nh xbZ gSA
blds vfrfjÙkQ dPps isVªksfy;e dks 50 #i, çfr Vu dh MÔwVh ds nj ds lkFk 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
377
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzdLVEl% dqN oLrqvksa] tSls Vscyos;j vkSj fdpuos;j] iQqVfo;j] ia•ksa vkSj f•ykSuksa ij dLVe MÔwVh c<+k nh xbZ gSA
zzdLVEl ij gsYFk lsl% dqN esfMdy midj.kksa ij gsYFk lsl olwyk tk,xk (dLVe MÔwVh ds vfrfjÙkQ)] tSls Hkkjr
esa vk;kr gksus okyh ,Dl&js e'khusaA bl lsl dks LokLF; baÚkLVªDpj vkSj lsokvksa ds foÙk iks"k.k ij •pZ fd;k tk,xkA
zzèkekZFkZ laLFkkvksa dks panksa ij ckè;rk,a% èkekZFkZ laLFkkvksa dks lsD'ku 12,, ds varxZr dj ls NwV feyrh gS vkSj
mUgsa feyus okys panksa dks lsD'ku 10(23lh)] 35 vkSj 80th ds varxZr NwV feyrh gSA vc bu lsDla'k ds varxZr
eatwfj;ka vfèkdre ikap o"kks± ds fy, oSèk gksaxhA eatwjh çkIr laLFkkvksa dks bUgsa nksckjk ls tkjh djuk gksxkA
zzdeksfMVh VªkatSD'ku VSDl% orZeku esa deksfMVh MsjsosfVOl ij 0-01» dk deksfMVh VªkatSD'ku VSDl yxrk gSA fcy
rhu VSDl njksa dh jpuk djrk gS% (i) ewY;ksa ;k ewY; lwpdkad ds vkèkkj ij deksfMVh MsjsosfVOl dh fcØh ij
foØsrk }kjk 0-01» ns;] (ii) vkWI'ku dh fcØh ij Øsrk }kjk 0-0001» ns;] ftldk ifj.kke eky dh fMfyojh esa
gks] vkSj (iii) vkWI'ku dh fcØh ij Øsrk }kjk 0-125» ns;] ftldk ifj.kke udn Hkqxrku gksA
zzHkkjrh; LVkEi ,DV] 1899% LVkd ,Dlpsat vkSj fo'ks"k vkfFkZd tksUl ,DV] 2005 ds varxZr LFkkfir varjjk"Vªh;
iQkbukaf'k;y lsaVlZ esa LFkkfir LVkWd ,Dlpsat vkSj fMikWftVjh esa ysunsu ds ekeys esa LVkEi MÔwVh ugha yxsxhA
zzlksofju osYFk iQaM~l% vcw èkkch buosLVesaV vFkkWfjVh }kjk fd, x, fuos'k vkSj dqN baÚkLVªDpj dsaæksa esa vU;
vfèklwfpr lksofju osYFk iQaM~l ls gksus okyh vk; dks VSDl ls NwV nh tk,xhA vxj fuos'k 31 ekpZ] 2024 ls igys
fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj rhu lky dh U;wure ykWd&bu vofèk gS rks ;g NwV miyCèk gSA
zzcsukeh laifÙk ysunsu ij çfrcaèk ,DV] 1988% ,DV csukeh laifÙk;ksa ls lacafèkr eqíksa ij ,d ,M~twfMdsfVax vFkkWfjVh
dh LFkkiuk djrk gSA vFkkWfjVh ds ps;jilZu vkSj lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk ;g gS fd os% (i) bude VSDl deh'uj ;k
mlds cjkcj ds in okys Hkkjrh; jktLo lsok ds lnL; gksus pkfg,] ;k (ii) TokbaV lsØsVjh ;k mlds cjkcj ds in
okys Hkkjrh; fofèk lsok ds lnL; gksus pkfg,A fcy dgrk gS fd ftyk U;k;kèkh'k ds in ds fy, ;ksX; O;fÙkQ Hkh
ps;jilZu ;k vFkkWfjVh dk lnL; gks ldrk gSA
zzdqN HkÙkksa ij VSDl NwV dks gVkuk% dsaæh; yksd lsok vk;ksx ;k fuokZpu vk;ksx ds ekStwnk ;k iwoZ lnL;ksa dks
dqN lqfoèkkvksa] tSls fdjk;k eqÙkQ vkokl] okgu HkÙkk vkSj esfMdy lqfoèkkvksa ij VSDl dh NwV gSA bl NwV dks gVk
fn;k x;k gSA
uhfr;ksa dh >yd (At a Glance of Policy)

zzfoèkk;h ifjorZu% cSafdax jsxqys'ku ,DV] 1949 dks lgdkjh cSadksa ds csgrj ç'kklu ds fy, la'kksfèkr fd;k tk,xkA
ljiQslh ,DV] 2002 ds varxZr ½.k fjdojh ds fy, ik=k ,uch,iQlht dh lhek dks de fd;k tk,xkA ,lsV lkbt
dks 500 djksM+ ls ?kVkdj 100 djksM+ fd;k tk,xk vkSj yksu lkbt dks ,d djksM+ #i, ls 50 yk• #i, dj fn;k
tk,xkA fMikWftV ba';ksjsal vkSj ØsfMV xkjaVh dkWjiksjs'ku dks tekdrkZ ds fy, fMikWftV ba';ksjsal dojst dks c<+kus dh
vuqefr nh xbZ gS tksfd vc çfr fMikWftVj ,d yk• #i, dh ctk; ikap yk• #i, gksxkA iQSDVj jsxqys'ku ,DV]
2011 dks la'kksfèkr fd;k tk,xk rkfd ,uch,iQlht ,e,l,ebZt dk foÙk iks"k.k dj ldsaA ih,iQvkjMh,vkbZ ds
fy, ljdkj deZpkfj;ksa gsrq ,uih,l VªLV dks vyx djus ds fy, ih,iQvkjMh,vkbZ ,DV esa la'kksèku fd;k tk,xkA
ftu ekeyksa esa nhokuh ÑR;ksa dks vkijkfèkd urhtksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSa] muls lacafèkr dkuwuksa dh tkap dh
tk,xh vkSj muesa la'kksèku fd, tk,axsA dkWUVªSDV~l ,DV] 1872 dks ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, etcwr fd;k tk,xk
fd dkWUVªSDV~l fn, tk,aA
zzth,lVh eqvkotk% 2016&17 vkSj 2017&18 ds fy, th,lVh eqvkotk nks fdLrksa esa pqdk;k tk,xkA vc ls th,lVh
eqvkotk iQaM dk VªkaliQj dsoy eqvkotk lsl ds tfj, fd;k tk,xkA
zzfofuos'k% ljdkj buhf'k;y ifCyd vkWiQj ds tfj, ,yvkbZlh esa viuh gksfYMaXl dk ,d fgLlk cspsxhA ljdkj
vkbZMhchvkbZ cSad esa viuh gksfYMax ds cSysal dks cspus dh Hkh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSA
378
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfuos'k% vfuoklh fuos'kdksa ds fy, ljdkjh flD;ksfjVht dh dqN fufnZ"V Jsf.k;ka iwjh rjg ls •ksyh tk,axhA dkWjiksjsV
ckWUM esa fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k dh lhek dks dkWjiksjsV ckWUM ds cdk;k LVkWd ds 9» ls 15» rd c<+k;k tk,xkA
blesa ,d buosLVesaV Dyh;jsal lsy LFkkfir djus dk çLrko fd;k x;k gS tksfd ,aM Vw ,aM lqfoèkk vkSj leFkZu
çnku djsxk tSls dsaæh; vkSj jkT; Lrj ij fuos'k iwoZ lykg nsukA
zzdkWelZ vkSj m|ksx% eksckby iQksu] bysDVªkWfud midj.k vkSj lseh&daMDVj iSdsftax dh eSU;wiQSDpfjax dks çksRlkfgr
djus ds fy, ,d ;kstuk çLrkfor dh xbZ gSA jk"Vªh; VsfDudy VsDlVkby fe'ku dks 2020&21 ls 2023&24 rd
1]480 djksM+ #i, ds ifjO;; ds lkFk ykxw fd;k tk,xkA fu;kZr mRiknksa ij MÔwVht vkSj djksa ds fjiQaM ds fy,
,d ;kstuk 'kq: dh tk,xh ftUgsa fdlh vU; ekStwnk ra=k ds varxZr NwV ugha fey jghA
zzbaÚkLVªDpj vkSj 'kgjh fodkl% ljdkj jk"Vªh; baÚkLVªDpj ikbiykbu ds varxZr 6]500 çkWtsDV~l rS;kj djsxhA bu
çkWtsDV~l esa gkmflax] lkiQ ist ty vkSj LokLF; ns•Hkky bR;kfn 'kkfey gSXA jk"Vªh; ykWftfLVDl uhfr dks tkjh
fd;k tk,xk tksfd dsaæ ljdkj] jkT; ljdkjksa vkSj eq[; jsxqysVlZ dh Hkwfedkvksa dks Li"V djsxkA blds vfrfjÙkQ og
flaxy foaMks bZ&ykWftfLVDl ekdZsV rS;kj djsxkA jkT;ksa ds lkFk lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh ds tfj, ikap u, LekVZ
'kgjksa dks fodflr fd;k tk,xkA
zzifjogu vkSj ÅtkZ% lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh ds tfj, pkj jsyos LVs'kuksa dk iquZfodkl çkWtsDV 'kq: fd;k tk,xk
vkSj 150 ;k=kh xkfM+;ksa dks ifjpkfyr fd;k tk,xkA ljdkj jkT;ksa dks bl ckr ds fy, çksRlkfgr djsxh fd os 2023
rd fctyh ds ijaijkxr ehVjksa ds tfj;s çhisM LekVZ ehVjksa dk bLrseky djsaA jk"Vªh; xSl fxzM dks 16]200 fdeh
ls c<+kdj 27]000 fdeh djus dk çLrko gSA
zzÑf"k vkSj lac¼ xfrfofèk;ka% ljdkj 20 yk• fdlkuksa dks LVSaM ,yksu lksyj iai yxkus esa enn djus gsrq çèkkuea=kh
fdlku ÅtkZ lqj{kk ,oa mRFkku egkfHk;ku ;kstuk dk foLrkj djsxhA CykWd Lrj ij xksnkeksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy,
ok;fcfyVh xSi iQafMax dh tk,xhA çèkkuea=kh fdlku lEeku fufèk ds lHkh ik=k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ
;kstuk ds varxZr doj fd;k tk,xkA ljdkj ikuh dh deh okys 100 ftyksa ds fy, O;kid mik;ksa dk çLrko j•sxhA
zzrduhd% MsVk lsaVj ikdZ cukus gsrq futh {ks=k dks l{ke djus ds fy, ,d uhfr is'k dh tk,xhA HkkjrusV ds ekè;e
ls iQkbcj Vw n gkse dusD'kal 2020 esa ,d yk• xzke iapk;rksa dks tksM+saxsA vkfèkdkfjd LVSfVfLVDl ij ,d ubZ
jk"Vªh; uhfr çLrkfor dh xbZ gS ftlesa vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal lfgr uohure rduhd dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
ikap o"kks± dh vofèk esa jk"Vªh; fe'ku ds fy, DokaVe VsDuksykWtht ,aM ,Iyhds'ku ij 8]000 djksM+ #i, dk ifjO;;
çLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
zzf'k{kk% ubZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh tk,xhA f'k{kk ds fy, ckgjh okf.kfT;d mèkkj vkSj fons'kh çR;{k fuos'k
ds lzksrksa dks l{ke djus ds fy, dne mBk, tk,axsA fMxzh Lrj ij vkWuykbu f'k{kk dk;ZØe mu laLFkkuksa }kjk 'kq:
fd;k tk,xk tks jk"Vªh; laLFkkxr jSafdax <kaps esa 'kh"kZ 100 esa 'kkfey gSaA
zzLokLF;% tuvkS"kfèk dsaæ ;kstuk dk foLrkj lHkh ftyksa esa fd;k tk,xk vkSj 2024 rd 2]000 nokvksa vkSj 300
lftZdYl dh is'kd'k dh tk,xhA lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh ds tfj, vLirkyksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ok;fcfyVh
xSi iQafMax foaMks dks çLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
zzlkekftd U;k;% ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, foèkk;h vkSj laLFkkxr ifjorZu fd, tk,axs fd lhost flLVEl ;k
lSfIVd VSaDl dh eSuqvy liQkbZ ugha dh tk,xhA efgyk dk;ZØeksa ds fy, 28]600 djksM+ #i, vkcafVr fd, x, gSaA
zzjk"Vªh; fjØwVesaV ,tsalh% ljdkjh vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSadksa esa xSj xStsVsM inksa ij HkfrZ;ksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; fjØwVesaV
,tsalh cukbZ tk,xhA
zz2019&2020 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa 2020&21 ds ctV vuqeku
zzdqy O;;% ljdkj }kjk 2020&21 esa 30]42]230 djksM+ #i, ds O;; dk vuqeku gSA ;g 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr
vuqekuksa ls 12-7» vfèkd gSA dqy O;; esa ls jktLo O;; ds 26]30]145 djksM+ #i, (11-9» dh o`f¼) vkSj
iwathxr O;; ds 4]12]085 djksM+ #i, (18-1» dh o`f¼) gksus dk vuqeku gSA
379
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzdqy çkfIr;ka% ljdkj dh çkfIr;ka 22]45]893 djksM+ #i, vuqekfur gSa (mèkkfj;ksa ds vfrfjÙkQ)] ftlesa 2019&20
ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls 16-3» dh o`f¼ gSA çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; esa bl varjky dks mèkkfj;ksa ds tfj, de fd;k tk,xk
tksfd 7]96]337 djksM+ #i, vuqekfur gSaA 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa blesa 3-8» dh o`f¼ gSA
zzjkT;ksa dks gLrkarj.k% dsaæ ljdkj }kjk 2020&21 esa jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dks 13]90]666 djksM+ #i,
gLrkarfjr fd, tk,axsA ;g 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa ls 17-1» vfèkd gS vkSj blesa (i) jkT;ksa dks dsaæh; djksa
ls 7]84]181 djksM+ #i, dk gLrkarj.k fd;k tk,xk] vkSj (ii) 6]06]485 djksM+ #i, vuqnkuksa vkSj ½.kksa ds :i
esa fn, tk,axsA
zz?kkVs% 2020&21 esa jktLo ?kkVk thMhih ds 2-7» ij vkSj jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 3-5» ij yf{kr gSA çkFkfed ?kkVk (tksfd
C;kt Hkqxrkuksa ds vfrfjÙkQ jktdks"kh; ?kkVk gksrk gS) thMhih ds 0-4» ij yf{kr gSA
zzthMhih dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku% 2020&21 esa ukWfeuy thMhih ds 10» dh nj ls c<+us dk vuqeku gSA 2019&20 esa
ukWfeuy thMhih dh o`f¼ nj 12» FkhA
ctV 2020&21 ,d utj esa (#i, djksM+ esa)
okLrfod ctVh; la'kksfèkr\ ctVh; ifjorZu dk »
2018&19 2019&20 2019&20 2020&21 (lav 2019&20
ls cv 2020&21)
jktLo O;; 20]07]399 24]47]780 23]49]645 26]30]145 11-9»
iwathxr O;; 3]07]714 3]38]569 3]48]907 4]12]085 18-1»
dqy O;; 23]15]113 27]86]349 26]98]552 30]42]230 12-7»
jktLo çkfIr;ka 15]52]916 19]62]761 18]50]101 20]20]926 9-2»
iwathxr çkfIr;ka 1]12]779 1]19]828 81]605 2]24]967 175-7»
buesa ls%
yksUl dh fjdojh 18]052 14]828 16]605 14]967 &9-9»
vU; çkfIr;ka (fofuos'k lfgr) 94]727 1]05]000 65]000 2]10]000 223-1»
dqy çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa ds fcuk) 16]65]695 20]82]589 19]31]706 22]45]893 16-3»
jktLo ?kkVk 4]54]483 4]85]019 4]99]544 6]09]219 22-0»
thMhih dk » 2-4 2-3 2-4 2-7
jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 6]49]418 7]03]760 7]66]846 7]96]337 3-8»
thMhih dk » 3-4 3-3 3-8 3-5
çkFkfed ?kkVk 66]770 43]289 1]41]741 88]134 &37-8»
thMhih dk » 0-4 0-2 0-7 0-4
uksV% çR;sd foÙkh; o"kZ ds çkjaHk esa ?kksf"kr fd, x, ctVh; vkcaVuksa dks ctVh; vuqeku dgk tkrk gSA foÙkh;
o"kZ ds var esa çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; dh vuqekfur jkf'k dks la'kksfèkr vuqeku dgk tkrk gSA
okLrfod jkf'k;ka o"kZ esa O;; vkSj çkfIr;ksa ds vkWfMV fd, gq, ,dkmaV~l gksrs gSaA
zzljdkj ds ,lsV~l vkSj nsunkfj;ksa (tSls lM+d dk fuekZ.k ;k yksu dh fjdojh) esa cnyko djus okys O;; dks iwathxr
O;; dgrs gSa vkSj vU; lHkh O;; jktLo O;; gksrs gSa (tSls osru dk Hkqxrku ;k C;kt Hkqxrku)A
380
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz2020&21 esa fiNys o"kZ ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa iwathxr O;; esa 18-1» dh o`nfèk dk vuqeku gS tksfd
4]12]085 djksM+ #i, gSA nwljh vksj jktLo O;; esa Hkh 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa 11-9» dh
c<+ksrjh dk vuqeku gS] tksfd 26]30]145 djksM+ #i, gSA
zz2010&11 ls 2020&21 ds chp iwathxr O;; esa 10-2» dh okf"kZd vkSlr o`f¼ gqbZ] tcfd jktLo O;; esa 9-7»
dh okf"kZd vkSlr o`f¼ gqbZA
zzljdkj }kjk lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeksa (ih,l;wt) esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dks cspus dks fofuos'k dgk tkrk gSA 2019&20
esa ljdkj }kjk vius fofuos'k ds 62» y{; dks gkfly djus dk vuqeku gSA 2020&21 ds fy, fofuos'k dk y{;
2]10]000 djksM+ #i, fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA
2020&21 esa çkfIr;ksa dh >yd
zz2020&21 esa dqy çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa lfgr) 30]42]230 djksM+ #i, ij vkSj 'kq¼ çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa dks NksM+dj)
22]45]893 djksM+ #i, ij vuqekfur gSaA 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa çkfIr;ksa (mèkkfj;ksa ds fcuk)
esa 16-3» dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku gSA
zz2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa ldy dj jktLo esa 12» dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku gS tksfd 2020&21
esa ukWfeuy thMhih dh 10» dh vuqekfur o`f¼ ls vfèkd gSA 2020&21 esa ljdkj dk 'kq¼ dj jktLo (VSDlksa esa
jkT;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh dks gVkdj) 16]35]909 djksM+ #i, vuqekfur gSA
zz2020&21 esa dsaæh; dj jktLo esa jkT;ksa dk gLrkarj.k 7]84]181 djksM+ #i, vuqekfur gSA 2019&20 esa ctVh;
pj.k esa 8]09]133 djksM+ #i, ds gLrkarj.k dk vuqeku Fkk ftlesa 19» dh deh gqbZ vkSj ;g la'kksfèkr pj.k esa
6]56]046 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA
zz2020&21 esa xSj dj jktLo ds 3]85]017 djksM+ #i, gksus dk vuqeku gSA ;g 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa ls
11-4» vfèkd gSA
zz2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa iwathxr çkfIr;ksa (mèkkfj;ksa ds fcuk) esa 175-7» dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku
gSA bldk dkj.k fofuos'k gS ftlds 2020&21 esa 2]10]000 djksM+ #i, gksus dh mEehn gSA 2019&20 esa fofuos'k
dk la'kksfèkr vuqeku 65]000 djksM+ #i, FkkA
2020&21 esa dsaæ ljdkj dh çkfIr;ksa dk czsdvi (djksM+ #i, esa)
okLrfod ctVh; la'kksfèkr ctVh; ifjorZu dk
2018&19 2019&20 2019&20 2020&21 »(lav
2019&20
ls cv
2020&21)
d- ldy dj jktLo 20]80]465 24]61]195 21]63]423 24]23]020 12-0»
ftlesa ls%
dkWjiksjs'ku VSDl 6]63]572 7]66]000 6]10]500 6]81]000 11-5»
bude VSDl 4]73]003 5]69]000 5]59]500 6]38]000 14-0»
oLrq ,oa lsok dj 5]81]560 6]63]343 6]12]327 6]90]500 12-8»
dLVEl 1]17]813 1]55]904 1]25]000 1]38]000 10-4»
;wfu;u ,Dlkbt MÔwVht 2]31]982 3]00]000 2]48]012 2]67]000 7-7»
381
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lfoZl VSDl 6]904 & 1]200 1]020 &
dsaæ dk 'kq¼ dj jktLo 13]17]211 16]49]582 15]04]587 16]35]909 &0-8»
jkT;ksa dks gLrkarj.k 7]61]454 8]09]133 6]56]046 7]84]181 19-5»
•- xSj dj jktLo 2]35]704 3]13]179 3]45]513 3]85]017 11-4»
ftlesa ls%
C;kt çkfIr;ka 12]145 13]711 11]027 11]042 0-1»
d ykHkka'k vkSj ykHk 1]13]420 1]63]528 1]99]893 1]55]395 &22-3»
vU; xSj dj jktLo 1]10]139 1]35]940 1]34]593 2]18]580 62-4»
x- iwathxr çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa ds fcuk) 1]12]779 1]19]828 81]605 2]24]967 175-7»
ftlesa ls%
fofuos'k 94]727 1]05]000 65]000 2]10]000 223-1»
çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa ds fcuk) (,$ch$lh) 16]65]694 20]82]589 19]31]705 22]45]893 16-3»
mèkkfj;ka 6]49]418 7]03]760 7]66]846 7]96]337 3-8»
dqy çkfIr;ka (mèkkfj;ksa ds lkFk) 23]15]113 27]86]349 26]98]552 30]42]230 12-7»
zzvçR;{k dj% 2020&21 esa 10]96]520 djksM+ #i, dk dqy vçR;{k dj tek gksus dk vuqeku gSA blesa ls ljdkj
dks th,lVh ls 6]90]500 djksM+ #i, çkIr gksus dk vuqeku gSA th,lVh ds varxZr tek fd, x, dqy djksa esa ls
84» (5]80]000 djksM+ #i,) dsaæh; th,lVh vkSj 16» (1]10]500 djksM+ #i,) eqvkotk lsl ls çkIr gksus dh
mEehn gSA
zzdkWjiksjs'ku VSDl% daifu;ksa ij VSDlksa ds dysD'ku ds 2020&21 esa 11-5» c<+dj 6]81]000 djksM+ #i, gksus dh
mEehn gSA 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ladsr nsrs gSa fd 2019&20 ds ctV vuqekuksa ls dkWjiksjs'ku VSDl esa 20-
3» dh deh gks ldrh gSA bl deh dk dkj.k ;g gks ldrk gS fd foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku dkWjiksjsV VSDl esa dVkSrh
dh xbZ FkhA
zzbude VSDl% bude VSDl ds dysD'ku ds 2020&21 esa 14» c<+dj 6]38]000 djksM+ #i, gksus dh mEehn gSA
VSDl njksa esa dVkSrh ds ckotwn 14» dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ;kuh VSDl dh njksa esa deh ds dkj.k 40]000 djksM+ #i, ds
jktLo ds u tqM+us ds ckotwn bude VSDl ds 21» dh nj ls c<+us dk vuqeku gSA
zzxSj dj çkfIr;ka% xSj dj çkfIr;ksa esa dsaæ }kjk fn, x, ½.kksa ij C;kt] ykHkka'k vkSj ykHk] ckgjh vuqnku vkSj
lkekU;] vkfFkZd] lkekftd lsokvksa bR;kfn ls feyus okyh çkfIr;ka 'kkfey gksrh gSaA 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa
dh rqyuk esa xSj dj jktLo esa 11-4» dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku gS (3]85]017 djksM+ #i,)A
zzfofuos'k ds y{;% 2020&21 dk fofuos'k y{; 2]10]000 djksM+ #i, gSA ;g y{; 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku
ls 223-1» vfèkd gS (65]000 djksM+ #i,)A
2020&21 esa O;; dh >yd
zz2020&21 esa dqy O;; ds 30]42]230 djksM+ #i, gksus dk vuqeku gS tksfd 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls 12-
7» vfèkd gSA blesa ls] (i) 8]31]825 djksM+ #i, dsaæh; {ks=k dh ;kstukvksa esa (2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls
7-6» dh o`f¼)] vkSj (ii) 3]39]894 djksM+ #i, dsaæ }kjk çk;ksftr ;kstukvksa esa (2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku
ls 7-3» dh o`f¼) •pZ fd;k tkuk çLrkfor gSA
zz2020&21 esa ljdkj }kjk isa'ku ij 2]10]682 djksM+ #i, •pZ djus dh mEehn gS tksfd 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr
vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 14-4» vfèkd gSA blds vfrfjÙkQ 2020&21 esa C;kt Hkqxrku ij 7]08]203 djksM+ #i, •pZ
gksus dk vuqeku gS tksfd ljdkj ds O;; dk 23» gSA
382
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2020&21 esa dsaæ ljdkj ds O;; dk czsdvi (djksM+ #i, esa)
okLrfod ctVh; la'kksfèkr ctVh; ifjorZu dk »
2018&19 2019&20 2019&20 2020&21 (lav 2019&20
ls cv 2020&21)
dsaæh; O;;
dsaæ dk bLVScfy'kesaV O;; 5]21]247 5]46]296 5]67]133 6]09]585 7-5»
dsaæh; {ks=k dh ;kstuk,a 6]38]495 8]70]794 7]73]196 8]31]825 7-6»
vU; O;; 6]77]403 7]72]129 7]41]553 8]87]574 19-7»
dsaæ }kjk çk;ksftr ;kstuk,a vkSj vU; gLrkarj.k
dsaæ }kjk çk;ksftr ;kstuk,a 2]96]029 3]31]610 3]16]816 3]39]894 7-3»
foÙk vk;ksx ds vuqnku 93]704 1]20]466 1]23]710 1]49]925 21-2»
ftuesa ls%
xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk; 35]064 52]558 58]616 69]925 19-3»
'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk; 14]400 23]359 25]843 30]000 16-1»
lgk;rkuqnku 9]658 10]344 10]938 20]000 82-9»
forj.k ds ckn jktLo ?kkVk vuqnku 34]582 34]206 28]314 30]000 6-0»
vU; vuqnku 8]235 1]76]144 2]23]427 26-8»
dqy O;; 23]15]113 27]86]349 26]98]552 30]42]230 12-7»
lfClMh ij O;; (Expenditure on Subsidy)

2020&21 esa lfClMh ij dqy •pZ ?kVdj 2]62]109 djksM+ #i, gksus dk vuqeku gS tksfd 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr
vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 0-5» de gSA bldk dkj.k moZjd lfClMh ij gksus okys O;; esa fxjkoV gSA fooj.k fuEufyf•r gS%
zz•k| lfClMh% 2020&21 esa •k| lfClMh ds fy, 1]15]570 djksM+ #i, dk vkcaVu fd;k x;k tksfd 2019&20
ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 6-3» vfèkd gSA 2019&20 ds ctV esa •k| lfClMh ds fy, 1]84]220 djksM+
#i, vkcafVr fd, x, Fks] gkykafd la'kksfèkr vuqeku] ctV vuqeku ls 1]08]688 djksM+ #i, de FksA bldk dkj.k
2019&20 ds ctV pj.k ls la'kksfèkr pj.k esa •k| lfClMh ds vkcaVu esa 41» dh dVkSrh gS (75]532 djksM+
#i, dh jkf'k)A
zzmoZjd lfClMh% 2020&21 esa moZjd lfClMh ij 71]309 djksM+ #i, ds O;; dk vuqeku gSA ;g 2019&20 ds
la'kksfèkr vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 8]689 djksM+ #i, dh fxjkoV gS (10-9»)A
zzisVªksfy;e ij lfClMh% 2020&21 esa isVªksfy;e lfClMh ij gksus okys O;; esa 40]915 djksM+ #i, dh o`f¼ (6-1»)
dk vuqeku gSA isVªksfy;e lfClMh esa ,yihth (37]256 djksM+ #i,) vkSj dsjksflu (3]659 djksM+ #i,)] nksuksa ij
nh tkus okyh lfClMh 'kkfey gSA 2020&21 esa fiNys o"kZ ds eqdkcys ,yihth lfClMh esa 3]170 djksM+ #i, dh
o`f¼ dk vuqeku gS] dsjksflu lfClMh esa 824 djksM+ #i, dh fxjkoV dk vuqeku gSA
zzvU; lfClMht% vU; lfClMht ij fd, tkus O;; esa fofHkUu ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds fy, C;kt lfClMh] Ñf"k iSnkokj
ds fy, ewY; leFkZu ;kstuk vkSj •jhn ds fy, jkT; Lrjh; ,tsafl;ksa dks lgk;rk bR;kfn 'kkfey gSaA 2019&20 ds
la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa 2020&21 esa vU; lfClMht ij O;; esa 1]987 djksM+ #i, dh fxjkoV (5-5») gqbZA
383
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
2020&21 esa lfClMh (djksM+ #i, esa)
2018&19 2019&20 2019&20 2020&21 (lav 2019&20
ls lav 2020&21)
•k| lfClMh 1]01]327 1]84]220 1]08]688 1]15]570 6-3»
moZjd lfClMh 70]605 79]996 79]998 71]309 &10-9»
isVªksfy;e lfClMh 24]837 37]478 38]569 40]915 6-1»
vU; lfClMh 26]185 36]460 36]302 34]315 &5-5»
dqy 2]22]954 3]38]154 2]63]557 2]62]109 &0-5»
ea=kky;ksa ds O;; (Expenditure of Ministry)

2019&20 esa ftu 13 ea=kky;ksa dks lcls vfèkd vkcaVu fd, x,] mldh jkf'k dqy vuqekfur O;; dk 53» gSA
buesa ls j{kk ea=kky; dks lcls vfèkd 4]71]378 djksM+ #i, dh jkf'k vkcafVr dh xbZA ;g dsaæ ljdkj ds dqy ctVh;
O;; dk 15» gSA vU; ea=kky;] ftUgsa lcls vfèkd vkcaVu fd, x,] muesa fuEufyf•r 'kkfey gSa% (i) x`g ekeys]
(ii) Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k] (iii) miHkksÙkQk ekeys] •k| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky;] vkSj (iv) xzkeh.k fodklArkfydk
5 esa 2020&21 esa lokZfèkd vkcaVu okys 13 ea=kky;ksa dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA lkFk gh 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa
dh rqyuk esa vkcaVuksa esa ifjorZu dks Hkh çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA
2020&21 esa ea=kky; ij O;; (djksM+ #i, esa)
2018&19 2019&20 2019&20 2020&21 (lav 2019&20
ls cv 2020&21)
j{kk 4]03]457 4]31]011 4]48]820 4]71]378 5-0»
x`g ekeys 1]12]189 1]19]025 1]39]108 1]67]250 20-2»
Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k 53]620 1]38]564 1]09]750 1]42]762 30-1»
miHkksÙkQk ekeys] •k| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k 1]08]848 1]94]513 1]17]290 1]24]535 6-2»
xzkeh.k fodkl 1]13]706 1]19]874 1]24]549 1]22]398 &1-7»
ekuo lalkèku fodkl 80]345 94]854 94]854 99]312 4-7»
lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ 77]301 83]016 83]016 91]823 10-6»
lapkj 35]395 38]637 35]749 81]957 129-3»
jsyos 54]913 68]019 69]967 72]216 3-2»
jlk;u ,oa moZjd 71]414 80]534 80]968 71]897 &11-2»
LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k 54]682 64]559 64]609 67]112 3-9»
vkokl ,oa 'kgjh ekeys 40]612 48]032 42]267 50]040 18-4»
isVªksfy;e ,oa çkÑfrd xSl 32]371 42]901 42]901 42]901 0-0»
vU; ea=kky; 10]76]261 12]62]809 12]44]703 14]36]648 13-8»
dqy O;; 23]15]113 27]86]349 26]98]552 30]42]230 12-7»
384
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzx`g ekeyksa dk ea=kky;% 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa dh rqyuk esa 2020&21 esa x`g ekeyksa ds ea=kky; dk
vkcaVu 28]142 djksM+ #i, c<+ x;k gS (20-2»)A ;g eq[; :i ls ea=kky; }kjk u, xfBr tEew ,oa d'ehj
(30]757 djksM+ #i,) rFkk yík• (5]958 djksM+ #i,) dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dks fn, x, vuqnkuksa ds dkj.k gSA
zzlapkj ea=kky;% lapkj ea=kky; dk vkcaVu Hkh 2020&21 esa 46]208 djksM+ #i, c<+ x;k (129-3») gSA ;g fiNys
o"kZ ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls vfèkd gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k 4 th LisDVªe ds fy, ch,l,u,y vkSj ,eVh,u,y esa
20]410 djksM+ #i, Mkyuk vkSj LoSfPNd lsokfuo`fÙk ;kstuk ds fy, 13]184 djksM+ #i, dh jkf'k nsuk gSA
zzÑf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky;% Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; dk vkcaVu fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 30-1»
c<+dj 1]42]762 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA ;g ih,e fdlku ;kstuk ds vkcaVu esa 20]630 djksM+ #i, dh c<+ksrjh ds
dkj.k gqvkA 2019&20 esa ea=kky; dks 1]38]564 djksM+ #i, dk vkcaVu fd;k x;k ftls 21» de djds 1]09]750
djksM+ #i, dj fn;k x;k (ih,e&fdlku esa vuqekfur 20]630 djksM+ #i, de •pZ ds dkj.k)A
zzmiHkksÙkQk ekeys] •k| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k% ea=kky; dk vkcaVu fiNys o"kZ ds eqdkcys 7]245 djksM+ #i,
(6-2») c<+ x;kA 2019&20 esa ea=kky; }kjk 1]94]513 #i, •pZ djus dk vuqeku Fkk tksfd 40» de djds
1]17]290 djksM+ #i, dj fn;k x;k (•k| lfClMh esa 75]532 djksM+ #i, dh dVkSrh ds dkj.k)A
eq[; ;kstukvksa ij O;; (Expenditure or Main Planning)

zz2020&21 esa ih,e&fdlku ;kstuk (fdlkuksa dks vk; leFkZu) dks lokZfèkd vkcaVu fd;k x;k tksfd 75]000 djksM+
#i, gSA bl ;kstuk dk vkcaVu 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls 37-9» gSA gkykafd 2019&20 esa ctV pj.k ls
la'kksfèkr pj.k esa ;kstuk ds vkcaVu esa 20]630 djksM+ #i, dh dVkSrh dh xbZ (28»)A 2018&19 esa ;kstuk ds
O;; esa 94» dh dVkSrh dh xbZA ;kstuk ds la'kksfèkr pj.k esa 20]000 djksM+ #i, dk vuqeku Fkk] tcfd okLrfod
O;; 1]241 djksM+ #i, FkkA
zzegkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk (eujsxk) dks 2020&21 esa nwljk lcls vfèkd vkcaVu fd;k x;k
tksfd 61]500 djksM+ #i, gSA ;g 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls 9]502 djksM+ #i, de (13-4») gSA 2019&20
esa ;kstuk ds vkcaVu esa ctVh; pj.k ls la'kksfèkr pj.k esa 18» dh c<+ksrjh gqbZA ;g 60]000 djksM+ #i, ls c<+dj
71]002 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA
zzçèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk dk vkcaVu 2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku ls c<+dj 19]500 djksM+ #i, gks x;k] ;g
38-6» dh c<+ksrjh gSA 2019&20 esa ;kstuk ds vkcaVu esa ctVh; pj.k ls la'kksfèkr pj.k esa dVkSrh gqbZ Fkh] ;g
dVkSrh 4]930 djksM+ #i, (26») FkhA
vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr mi ;kstukvksa
vkSj efgykvksa] cPpksa vkSj iwokZsÙkj {ks=k dh ;kstukvksa ij O;;
zz2020&21 esa efgyk ,oa cky dY;k.k lacaèkh dk;ZØeksa ds fy, 2]39]504 djksM+ #i, dk vkcaVu fd;k x;k] tksfd
2019&20 ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 3-8» vfèkd gSA bl vkcaVu esa lHkh ea=kky;ksa ds varxZr vkus okys
dk;ZØe 'kkfey gSaA
zz2019&20 esa vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr mi ;kstuk ds fy, dqy 1]36]909 djksM+ #i, vkcafVr fd,
x,A blesa fiNys o"kZ ds la'kksfèkr vuqeku dh rqyuk esa 12» dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
jktdks"kh; nkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku ds y{; (Goal of FRBM)

zzjktdks"kh; nkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku (,iQvkjch,e) ,DV] 2003 ds varxZr ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd dsaæ ljdkj
cdk;k ½.k] jktLo ?kkVs vkSj jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks èkhjs&èkhjs de djsxhA gj o"kZ dsaæ ljdkj viuk ctV çLrqr djrs
gq, buds fy, rhu o"kZ ds vkorhZ y{; nsrh gSA rkfydk 8 esa eè;kofèk jktdks"kh; ?kkVk uhfr oÙkQO; esa fn, x,
jktLo ?kkVs vkSj jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dks çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA
385
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktdks"kh; ?kkVk mu mèkkfj;ksa dk ladsr nsrk gS ftuls ljdkj vius O;; dks foÙk iksf"kr djrh gSA 2020&21 ds
fy, vuqekfur jktdks"kh; ?kkVk thMhih dk 3-5» gSA
zzjktLo ?kkVk ljdkj dh jktLo çkfIr;ksa vkSj O;; ds chp dk varj gksrk gSA bldk ;g vFkZ gksrk gS fd ljdkj
dks viuk O;; iwjk djus ds fy, mèkkj ysus dh t:jr gS ftuls Hkfo"; esa çkfIr;ka ugha gks ldrhaA 2020&21 ds
fy, vuqekfur jktLo ?kkVk thMhih dk 2-7» gSA
zzçkFkfed ?kkVk jktdks"kh; ?kkVs vkSj C;kt Hkqxrku ds chp dk varj gksrk gSA 2020&21 ds fy, vuqekfur çkFkfed
?kkVk thMhih dk 0-4» gSA
zzvfrfjÙkQ ctVh; lalkèku% ctV esa çnf'kZr O;; ds vfrfjÙkQ ljdkj vfrfjÙkQ ctVh; lalkèkuksa ds tfj, Hkh •pZ
djrh gSA bu lalkèkuksa dks ckWUM tkjh djds ;k us'kuy LekWy lsfoaXl iQaM (,u,l,l,iQ) ls yksu ds tfj, tqVk;k
tkrk gSA 2020&21 esa ljdkj }kjk ,sls vfrfjÙkQ ctVh; lalkèkuksa ds tfj, 1]86]100 djksM+ #i, ds O;; dk
vuqeku gSA blesa Hkkjrh; •k| fuxe }kjk 1]36]600 djksM+ #i, dk O;; 'kkfey gS ftls ,u,l,l,iQ ls yksu ds
tfj, foÙk iksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA
zzpwafd ,sls O;; ds fy, mèkkj yh xbZ jkf'k ctV ls ckgj gksrh gS] mUgsa ?kkVs vkSj ½.k ds vkadM+ksa esa 'kkfey ugha
fd;k tkrkA vxj vfrfjÙkQ ctVh; lalkèkuksa ds :i esa yh xbZ mèkkfj;ksa dks Hkh ys•s esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS rks o"kZ
2020&21 ds fy, jktdks"kh; ?kkVs dk vuqeku thMhih ds 3-5» ls c<+dj 4-4» gks tk,xkA blh çdkj 2019&20 ds
fy, jktdks"kh; ?kkVk thMhih ds 3-8» ls c<+dj 4-6» gks x;k ftldk dkj.k 1]72]699 djksM+ #i, dh vfrfjÙkQ
ctVh; mèkkfj;ka FkhaA
zzfiNys 15 o"kks± ds nkSjku ljdkj O;kid :i ls ?kkVs ds Lrj dks ctV Lrj ls uhps j•us esa liQy jgh gSA 2018&19
esa ljdkj ds 3-3» ds ctVh; y{; ls vkxs fudyus dh mEehn gS] pwafd jktdks"kh; ?kkVk 3-4» gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zz2019&20 esa ljdkj us jktdks"kh; ?kkVs ds fy, 3-3» vkSj jktLo ?kkVs ds fy, 2-3» ds ctV vuqeku dks fuèkkZfjr
fd;k FkkA la'kksfèkr vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] nksuksa ?kkVs 2019&20 ds ctV y{; ls vkxs fudy x,A
zzfiNys dbZ o"kks± dh cdk;k mèkkfj;ka feydj cdk;k ½.k cu tkrs gSaA mPp ½.k dk vFkZ ;g gS fd vkus okys
o"kks± esa ljdkj ij ½.k pqdkus dh vfèkd ckè;rk gksxhA
zzljdkj dh dqy cdk;k nsunkfj;ka 2000&01 esa thMhih ds 55-5» ls fxjdj 2020&21 esa 50-1» gks xbZa (ctV
vuqeku)A ,iQvkjch,e ,DV ½.k&thMhih vuqikr ds y{; dks 40» ij fuèkkZfjr djus dk ç;kl djrk gS ftls
2024&25 rd gkfly djuk gSA
Hkkjr esa dj lqèkkj (Tax Reform in India)

fdlh Hkh djkèkku iz.kkyh dks mfpr] fu"i{k vkSj xSj&HksnHkkoiw.kZ gksuk pkfg;s rkfd izR;{k dj pqdkus okys vke
yksx vkSj vizR;{k dj pqdkus okyh daifu;k¡ vkSj m|ksx èkaèks u dsoy djkèkku iz.kkyh dk vuqikyu djsa cfYd eglwl
djsa fd VSDl dk Hkqxrku djuk mudk lkekftd vkSj ukxfjd dÙkZO; gS] D;ksafd VSDl gh fdlh Hkh ljdkj ds fy;s
fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dks 'kq: djus vkSj lapkfyr djus dk eq[; lkèku gksrk gSA
izR;{k dj lqèkkj (Direct Tax Reform)

vko';d D;ksa\
,slk dj ftldh nsunkjh lhèks rkSj ij fdlh daiuh lewg ;k O;fDr ds mQij gksrh gS] mls izR;{k dj dgk tkrk
gSA dqN izeq[k dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa tks izR;{k djksa esa lqèkkj dh vko';drk dks n'kkZrs gSa&
zz,d vklku] le> esa vkus okys ysfdu izHkko'kkyh dj dkuwu dh vko';drk gSA orZeku esa izHkkoh dj dkuwuksa esa
cgqr lkjh tfVyrk,¡ gSa] tSls&vk;dj esa ;g Li"V djus dh ”k:jr gS fd vk;dj laiw.kZ vk; (Gross Income)
ij yxk;k tk jgk gS ;k 'kq¼ vk; (Net Income) ijA
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zzdj vkèkkj dks c<+kus dh vko';drk gSA ns'k dh 130 djksM+ dh tula[;k ds dsoy 1.5–2.0% yksx gh vk;dj
vnk dj jgs gSaA dj vkèkkj foLr`r gksus dh ctk; fldqM+k gSA
zzvkSipkfjd {ks=k ds osruHkksxh deZpkjh nkf;RoiwoZd vk;dj vnk djrs gSa ysfdu vukSipkfjd {ks=k ds O;kikjh vkfn
cM+s Lrj ij dj pksjh djrs gSaA bls jksds tkus dh vko';drk gSA
zzde vk;dj vkèkkj gksus dk ,d izeq[k vk;dj dh mQ¡ph nj dk gksuk gSA vk;dj dh nj dks de djus rFkk NwV
lhek ?kVk, tkus dh vko';drk gSA
zzizR;{k dj O;oLFkk esa O;kIr vfu;ferrkvksa dks nwj fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ;s vfu;ferrk,¡ eq[;r% ykHkka'k forj.k dj]
eSV] vfèkHkkj@midj] dj Hkqxrku rFkk nsjh ls èkuokilh ls lacafèkr gSaA
zz,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj fofHkUu vihyh; eapksa ij 3.9 yk[k ls ”;knk ekeys yafcr gSaA ;fn dkuwuksa dks vklku cuk
fn;k tk, rks yafcr ekeyksa dh la[;k de gks ldrh gSA Hkqxrku ds vkWiQykbu eksM dks grksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk
pkfg;sA blds vykok dj vkdyu vihy] lquokbZ vkfn dh izfØ;kvksa dks vklku cuk;k tkuk pkfg;sA
lqèkkj (Reform)
izR;{k dj lafgrk (Direct Tax Code)
izR;{k dj lafgrk eas lHkh izR;{k djksa] uker% vk;dj] ykHkka'k forj.k dj] vuq"kaxh ykHk dj vkSj laifÙk dj ls
lacafèkr dkuwuksa dks lesfdr rFkk la'kksfèkr fd;k tkuk gS] rkfd ,d fdiQk;rh :i ls n{k] izHkkoh vkSj lkE; ;ksX;
izR;{k dj iz.kkyh LFkkfir dh tk lds] tks blds LoSfPNd ikyu dh lqfoèkk iznku djs ,oa dj&ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
vuqikr dks c<+kus esa lgk;rk djsA bldk ,d vU; mís'; fooknksa ds foLrkj dks de djuk vkSj eqdneksa dks U;wure
j[kuk gSA
;g bl izdkj ladfYir dh xbZ gS fd dj O;oLFkk esa LFkkf;Ro iznku fd;k tk lds vkSj ;g djkèkku ds HkyhHkk¡fr
LohÑr fl¼karksa vkSj loksZÙke varjkZ"Vªh; izFkkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA var% blls ,dy ,dhÑr dj nkrk fjiksfV±x iz.kkyh dk
ekxZ iz'kLr gksxkA
zzo"kZ 2009 esa rRdkyhu izèkkuea=kh }kjk izR;{k dj lafgrk dk izLrko fd;k x;kA
zzvusd ifjorZuksa ls xq”kjus ds mijkar varr% o"kZ 2013 esa lafgrk dk vafre elkSnk is'k fd;k x;kA
zz22 uoacj] 2017 esa foÙk ea=kky; }kjk ,d u;k izR;{k dj dkuwu rS;kj djus ds fy;s Jh vjfcan eksnh dh vè;{krk
esa ,d dk;Z ny (Task Force) dk xBu fd;k x;kA
lafgrk dh vko';drk
Hkkjr dh dj lajpuk ds vR;fèkd tfVy gksus ds dkj.k izR;{k dj lafgrk dh vko';drk iM+hA bl tfVyrk ds
dqN izeq[k dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1. vk;dj ,oa vU; dj dkuwuksa eas NwV vkSj fj;k;rksa rFkk buls lacafèkr izkoèkkuksa dk vR;fèkd gksukA
2. dj izkoèkkuksa dk tfVy gksukA
3. djksa ds dkLdsfMax izHkko dk gksukA
4. dj lacaèkh okn rFkk U;k;ky;ksa ds fu.kZ;ksa ls mRiUu tfVyrk dh leL;kA
lafgrk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj gSa

zzizR;{k djksa ds fy;s ,dy lafgrk% lHkh izR;{k djksa dks ,dy lafgrk ds rgr yk;k x;k gS vkSj ikyu dh izfØ;k
fofèk;ksa dks ,d leku cuk;k x;k gSA blls varr% ,d ,dhÑr dj nkrk fjiksfV±x iz.kkyh dk ekxZ iz'kLr gksxkA
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zzljy Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx% bldk izk:i rS;kj djus esa ljy Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS] rkfd dkuwu ds izkoèkku dk
vk'k;] dk;Z{ks=k vkSj bldk foLrkj Li"V :i ls le>k;k tk ldsA tgk¡ rd laHko gqvk] lHkh funsZ'k vkSj vfèkns'kksa
dks izR;{k :i ls crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA blh izdkj izkoèkkuksa vkSj O;k[;kvksa dks gVk fn;k x;k gS] D;ksafd
bUgsa xSjµfo'ks"kK O;fDr;ksa }kjk le>k ugha tk ldrkA ,d izkoèkku esa fufgr fofHkUu 'krks± dks Hkh lesfdr fd;k
x;k gSA lHkh vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ] bl rF; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fd dj dk ,d dkuwu vfuok;Zr% ,d okf.kfT;d
dkuwu gS] lw=kksa vkSj rkfydkvksa dk O;kid mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
zzeqdnesck”kh dh laHkkouk dks de djuk% tgk¡ dgha laHko gqvk mu izkoèkkuksa esa vLi"Vrk ls cpus dk iz;kl
fd;k x;k gS ftuls vfuok;Zr% vkilh fojksèkh O;k[;k,¡ fudy ldrh gSaA bldk mn~ns'; ;g gS fd dj iz'kkld
vkSj djnkrk dkuwu ds izkoèkkuksa ij lger gksa rFkk vkdyu ,d djnkrk dh dj ns;rk esa ifj.kr gksA bl mís';
dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy;s izfØ;kxr eqíksa ij nh?kZdkfyd eqdnesck”kh ls cpus ds fy;s dsanz ljdkj@cksMZ dks vfèkdkj
Hkh lkSais x, gSaA
zzyphykiu% foèkku dh lajpuk bl izdkj fodflr dh xbZ gS] tks ckjµckj ckj la'kksèku dk vkJ; u ysrs gq, ,d
c<+rh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkk esa gksus okys lajpuk ds ifjorZuksa dks lek;ksftr djus esa l{ke gSA vr% laHko lhek rd
bl foèkku esa vfuok;Z rFkk lkekU; fl¼kar iznf'kZr fd;s x, gSa vkSj fooj.k ds ekeys fu;eksa@vuqlwfp;ksa esa 'kkfey
fd;s x, gSaA
zz;g lqfuf'pr djuk fd dkuwu ,d izi=k esa n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS% vfèkdka'k djnkrkvksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k :i ls
NksVs vkSj misf{kr oxZ ds djnkrkvksa ds fy;s dj dkuwu ogh gS tks izi=k esa n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA vr% dj dkuwu dh
lajpuk bl izdkj rS;kj dh xbZ gS fd bls ,d izi=k ds :i esa ;qfDr laxr :i ls iqu% mRikfnr fd;k tk ldsA
zzizkoèkkuksa dk lesdu% dj foèkkuksa dh csgrj le> iznku djus ds fy;s] ifjHkk"kkvksa ls lacaèkh izkoèkkuksa] izksRlkguksa]
izfØ;kfofèk;ksa vkSj djksa dh njksa dks lesfdr fd;k x;k gSa iqu%] fofHkUu izkoèkkuksa dks bl izdkj iqu% O;ofLFkr fd;k
x;k gS fd ;s vfèkfu;e dh lkekU; ;kstuk ds vuq:i gksaA
zzfofu;ked dk;ks± dk foyksiu% ikjaifjd :i ls dj foèkku dks ,d fofu;ked lkèku ds :i esa Hkh mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA tcfd vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa LFkkfir fd;s tk jgs fofu;ked izkfèkdj.kksa ds lkFk dj foèkku ds
fofu;ked dk;Z okil ys fy;s x, gSaA blls ljyhdj.k ds dk;Z esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku feyk gSA
zzLFkkf;Ro iznku djuk% orZeku esa djksa dh njsa laxr o"kZ ds foÙk vfèkfu;e esa fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gSaA vr% djksa dh
orZeku njksa esa vfuf'prrk vkSj vLFkkf;Ro dk ,d fo'ks"k Lrj gSA bl lafgrk ds varxZr djksa dh lHkh njsa lafgrk esa
igyh ls pkSFkh vuqlwph rd fuèkkZfjr djus dk izLrko gS vkSj bl izdkj ,d okf"kZd foÙk foèks;d dh vko';drk
lekIr gks tk,xhA njksa esa ifjorZu] ;fn dksbZ gks] ,d la'kksèku foèks;d ds :i esa laln ds lkeus vuqlwph esa mi;qDr
la'kksèkuksa ds ekè;e ls fd;k tk,xkA
zzlafgrk ls laHkkfor ykHk
fdiQk;rh] dq'ky vkSj fu"i{k izR;{k dj lafgrk dk mn~ns'; ,d izR;{k dj iz.kkyh LFkkfir djuk gSA dqN vU;
laHkkfor ykHk fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1. dj&thMhih vuqikr esa o`f¼
2. ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (thMhih) esa o`f¼
3. vuqikyu ykxr esa deh
4. iz'kklfud cks> esa deh
5. foosdkfèkdkj (Discretion) esa deh
6. lHkh dj nkrkvksa ds fy;s dj dh eè;e nj

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bZ'oj desVh dh fjiksVZ (Report of Easwar Committee)
vk;dj ds izkoèkkuksa dks ljy cukus ds mn~ns'; ls dsanz ljdkj us vDVwcj 2015 esa ,d nl lnL;h; desVh dk
xBu fd;kA fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds iwoZ U;k;kèkh'k vkj-ih-bZ'oj dks desVh dk vè;{k cuk;k x;kA
desVh xBu ds mn~ns';
zzeqdnesck”kh dks tUe nsus okys vk;dj vfèkfu;e ds izkoèkkuksa@okD;ka'kksa dk vè;;u ,oa igpku djukA
zz^b±”k vkWiQ Mqbax fc”kusl* dks izHkkfor djus okys izkoèkkuksa dk vè;;u ,oa igpku djukA
zzljyhdj.k ds fy;s vfèkfu;e ds izkoèkkuksa dk vè;;u ,oa igpku djukA
zzVSDl csl ;k jktLo laxzg dks izHkkfor fd;s fcuk dj dkuwuksa esa fuf'prk vkSj iwokZuqeku ds lanHkZ eas fodYi ;k
la'kksèkuksa ij lq>ko nsukA
desVh dh vuq'kalk,¡
zzeqdneksa dh jksdFkke] tk¡p ;k rs”kh ls fuiVku Hkh lqfoèkk lacaèkh vuq'kalk,¡&
,sls ekeys esa lqèkkj fd;k tkuk ftuesa ,d lky ;k mlls de 'ks;j iwathxr laifÙk ds :i esa fn[kk, tkrs gSaA
vk;dj vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk&14A esa la'kksèku }kjk ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk, fd fuos'k dk Ïksr lhèks dj ;ksX;
vk; ls lacafèkr gksus ij dksbZ C;kt u fn;k tk,A vLi"Vrk dks nwj djus ds fy;s èkkjk&14A esa vko';d lqèkkj
fd;s tk,¡A
fcØh ewY; vkSj LVkEi&M~;wVh ewY; ds varj dh ek=kk ij laifÙk ds [kjhn ij yxus okys dj dks lekIr fd;k
tk,A
fookfnr vk; x.kuk vkSj izdVhdj.k ekudksa dks jn~n fd;k tk, rFkk dj okilh dh izfØ;k dks rs”k fd;k tk,A
vk;dj vfèkfu;e] 1961 dh èkkjk 143(ID) dks lekIr fd;k tk, ftlls fd dj okilh esa gksus okyh vokaNuh;
nsjh ls cpk tk ldsA
vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk&254 (2) esa ifjorZu dj fVªC;wuy ds vkns'kksa esa lqèkkj dh le;&lhek dks 120 fnu dj
fn;k tk,A
zz^bZ”k vkWiQ Mqbax fc”kusl* dks c<+kok nsus rFkk izfØ;kvksa dks ljy cukus ds fy;s vuq'kalk,¡&
VhMh,l jsV esa deh rFkk FkszlgksYM lhekvksa esa o`f¼ dj mls rdZlaxr cuk;k tk,A
vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk&197 dks ljy rFkk rdZlaxr cuk;k tkuk pkfg;sA
djksa dh de dVkSrh ds fy;s tkjh fd;s x, izek.k i=kksa ls lacafèkr izk;ksfxd leL;kvksa ls cpk tk ldsA
vk;dj fu;e] 1962 ds fu;e 37BA esa lqèkkj fd;k tk, ftlls fd èkkjk 199 ds rgr dVkSrh fd;s x, dj
ds fy;s lk[k (Credit) dh ekax esa vkus okyh leL;kvksa dks lekIr fd;k tk ldsA
VhMh,l iQkby djus esa yxus okys le;] fooj.k rFkk Hkqxrku ds ekè;e ls lacafèkr fu;e 30 vkSj 31 esa
ifjorZu fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
[kkrs rFkk ys[kk ijh{kk ls lacafèkr fjdkWMks± ds j[k&j[kko ls lacafèkr izkoèkkuksa dks rdZlaxr cuk;k tk,A
is'ksojksa ds fy;s ,d vuqekfur vk; ;kstuk gksuh pkfg;sA
C;kt ds lkFk le; ij èku rFkk èku okilh esa nsjh gksus ij mPp C;kt ds lkFk Hkqxrku dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh
pkfg;sA
,sls xSj&fuokfl;ksa dks ftudh [kkrk la[;k (PAN) ugha gS mUgsa mPp VhMh,l esa NwV iznku djuk pkfg;s ftuds
ikl vius ns'k dh dj igpku la[;k (TIN) gksA

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çR;{k dj lafgrk lfefr ds lq>ko
gky gh esa çR;{k dj dkuwu (Direct Tax Legislation) ds u, çLrkfor laLdj.k ds çk:i ij lq>ko nsus ds fy;s
xfBr iSuy us viuh fjiksVZ ljdkj dks çLrqr dh gSA
çeq• fcanq
zzçR;{k dj dkuwu (DTC) ij xfBr bl iSuy us O;fÙkQxr vk;dj LySc (slab) esa cnyko] daifu;ksa ds fy;s dkWikZsjsV
VSDl (Corporate Tax) esa 2% dh deh] çfØ;kvksa vkSj fofèkd dk;Zokfg;ksa ds ljyhdj.k }kjk vuqikyu cks> dks
de djus ds çkoèkku vkfn ds lacaèk esa lq>ko çLrqr fd;s gSA
zziSuy us ykHkka'k forj.k dj (Dividend Distribution Tax) vkSj U;wre oSdfYid dj (Minimum Alternate Tax-
MAT) esa dqN cnykoksa dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k gSA
zzbl iSuy dk xBu o"kZ 2017 esa vk;dj vfèkfu;e (Income-tax Act) dh leh{kk djus o çR;{k dj dkuwu ds
çk:i ij ljdkj dks lq>ko nsus gsrq fd;k x;kA
zzlafgrk esa çLrkoksa dk mís'; O;fÙkQxr] dkWikZsjsV vk; vkSj iwathxr ykHk ds djkèkku esa fuf'prrk ykuk gSA
zzdj dkuwu esa lqèkkj dk mís'; Ô;kikj lqxerk* (Ease of Doing Business) dks çksRlkfgr djuk] vuqikyu cks>
(Compliance Burden) vkSj dj fooknksa (Tax Disputes) dks de djuk gSA
iSuy ds lq>ko
zzbl iSuy us dkuwuh fooknksa ds çcaèku ds fy;s vk;dj dkuwu dh èkkjk 147 vkSj 148 esa la'kksèku dk lq>ko fn;k
gSA bu èkkjkvksa esa la'kksèku ls vfèkdkfj;ksa dks iwoZfuèkkZfjr ekunaMksa ds vkèkkj ij dj fuèkkZj.k ds ekeyksa dks fiQj ls
'kq: djus ds fy;s l'kÙkQ fd;k tk ldsxkA orZeku esa 40% eqdnesa djnkrk (Assessee) }kjk dj vfèkdkjh ds dj
fuèkkZj.k ds ekeys dks fiQj ls 'kq: djus ds fu.kZ; dks pqukSrh nsus ls lacafèkr gSaA dj vfèkdkjh 6 o"kZ rd djnkrk
(Assessee) ds •krksa dh tk¡p dj ldsxkA
zziSuy us dj lacaèkh ekeyksa dks etcwr dkj.kksa ds vkèkkj ij gh iqu% 'kq: djus dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA lkekU;r% dj
lacaèkh ekeyksa dh tk¡p cSadksa] foÙkh; laLFkkuksa rFkk vU; lzksrksa ds vkèkkj ij 'kq: dj nh tkrh gSA
zziSuy us dj lacaèkh ekeyksa dks iqu% 'kq: djus ds fy;s dj jkf'k dh lhek dks c<+kus dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA orZeku
esa ;g jkf'k ,d yk• #i, gSA
zziSuy us Central Board of Direct Taxes-CBDT dks djnkrkvksa ds çfr vfèkd tokcnsg cukus dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA
zziSuy us dj vuqikyu ds cks> (Reduced Burden of Tax Compliance) dks de djus dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA lkFk
gh dj vuqikyu dks lokZsÙke çfØ;k;qÙkQ] oSf'od #>kuksa ds laxr vkSj djnkrkvksa ds vuqdwy cukrs gq, dj vkèkkj
(Tax Base) esa o`f¼ dh fliQkfj'k dh gSA
zziSuy us dj vuqikyu o ç'kklfud mís';ksa ds fy;s Ñf=ke cqfnèkeÙkk (Artificial Intelligence) ds ç;ksx dh
fliQkfj'k dh gSA
zziSuy us çR;{k dj ç'kklu esa lg;ksxh vuqikyu (introducing collaborative compliance in direct tax administration)
dks 'kq: djus dh fliQkfj'k dh gS blds rgr cSadksa] foÙkh; laLFkkuksa o GST usVodZ ds MsVk dks ,dhÑr dj bldk
mi;ksx ^dj ;ksX; vk;* dk irk yxkus esa fd;k tk ldsxkA
vizR;{k dj lqèkkj (Indirect Tax Reform)
vko';drk D;ksa\
Hkkjr esa dj iz.kkyh esa lqèkkj dh vko';drk dh ekax cgqr igys ls gh dh tk jgh FkhA Hkkjr esa izR;{k dj dk
vkèkkj cgqr lhfer gS tcfd vizR;{k dj dk vkèkkj ”;knk foLr`r gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd Hkkjr dk dj
jktLo laxzg.k cgqr de gksrk gSA
390
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vizR;{k djksa dh izo`fÙk vkxs dh vksj gLrkarfjr gksus okyh gS vFkkZr~ ftl O;fDr ij dj yxrk gS vkSj tks vafre
:i ls dj pqdkrk gS oks nksuksa vyx&vyx O;fDr gksrs gSaA ,sls esa tks dj pqdk;k Hkh tkrk gS mldk vfèkdrj Hkkx
eè;eoxhZ; ifjokjksa }kjk pqdk;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh lsokvksa vkSj oLrqvksa ds nkeksa esa c<+ksrjh gksrh gS] tcfd foHksfnr lsok
vkSj oLrqvksa ds nke lcds fy;s leku (vFkkZr vehj xjhc ds Hksn dks fofHkfnr ugha djrh gS) gksrs gSaA tcfd izR;{k
dj ds ekeys esa de vehj O;fDr dks de VSDl vkSj ”;knk vehj O;fDr dks ”;knk VSDl nsuk gksrk gSA
vizR;{k dj esa fufgr reke [kkfe;ksa dks nwj djus vkSj bldks lqn`<+ djus gsrq ¶oLrq ,oa lsok dj (GST)¸ yk;k
x;kA
dsanzh; mRikn ,oa lhek 'kqYd cksMZ (CBEC) ds uke esa cnyko
foÙk o"kZ 2018–19 ds ctV esa th,lVh dks ykxw fd;s tkus ds ifjizs{; esa dsanzh; mRikn 'kqYd vkSj lhek 'kqYd
cksMZ (CBEC) dk uke cnydj dsanzh; vizR;{k dj vkSj lhek 'kqYd cksMZ (CBIC) djus ds fy;s dkuwu esa vko';d
ifjorZukas dk izLrko foÙk foèks;d esa fd;k x;kA
djkèkku fofèk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 [The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2019]
djkèkku fofèk (la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 vk;dj vfèkfu;e] 1961 vkSj foÙk (la[;kad 2) vfèkfu;e] 2019
esa la'kksèku djrk gSA ;g vfèkfu;e 1 vçSy] 2020 ls var%LFkkfir fd;k tk,xkA
çeq[k fcanq
zzorZeku esa] ` 400 djksM+ rd ds okf"kZd VuZvksoj okyh ?kjsyw daifu;k¡ 25 çfr'kr dh nj ls vk;dj pqdkrh gSa
,oa vU; ?kjsyw daifu;ksa ds fy;s vk;dj dh nj 30 çfr'kr gSA bl vfèkfu;e esa ?kjsyw daifu;ksa dks 22 çfr'kr
dh nj ls vk;dj pqdkus dk fodYi fn;k x;k gS] c'krsZ os vk;dj vfèkfu;e (IT Act) ds varxZr dqN dVkSfr;ksa
dk nkok u djsaA
zzbl vfèkfu;e esa çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn ubZ ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k daifu;k¡ (New Domestic Manufacturing
Companies) fdlh çdkj dh NwV ;k dVkSfr;ksa dk nkok ugha djrh gSa] rks os 15 çfr'kr dh nj ls vk;dj pqdkus
dk çkoèkku dj ldrh gSaA c'krsZ ;s ?kjsyw fofuekZ.k daifu;k¡ 30 flracj] 2019 ds ckn LFkkfir vkSj iathÑr gqbZ gksa
,oa 1 vçSy] 2023 ls igys fofuekZ.k dk;Z 'kq: dj nsaA
zzdksbZ daiuh foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 (;kuh vkdyu o"kZ 2020–21) ;k vkxs ds foÙkh; o"kks± ds fy;s ubZ dj dh njksa
dk fodYi pqu ldrh gSA ,d ckj fodYi pquus ds ckn vkxkeh o"kks± esa Hkh ;g fodYi ykxw gksxkA dqN ekeyksa
esa] ftu daifu;ksa ds fy;s 15 çfr'kr dj dh nj dk fodYi vekU; gks tkrk gS] os 22 çfr'kr dj dh nj dk
fodYi pqu ldrh gSaA
zzbl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk U;wure oSdfYid dj dh nj 18.5 çfr'kr ls de djds 15 çfr'kr dh xbZ gS] tks fd
foÙkh; o"kZ 2020–21 ls ykxw gksxhA
zzU;wure oSdfYid dj (MAT) vkSj U;wure oSdfYid dj ØsfMV (MAT Credit) ds çkoèkku mu daifu;ksa ij ykxw
ugha gksaxs ftUgksaus ubZ dj dh njksa dk fodYi pquk gSA
dj iz'kklu lqèkkj vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ

(Report of Tax Administration Reforms Commission –TARC)
dj iz'kklu esa lqèkkj vkSj ikjnf'kZrk ykus ds fy;s MkW- ikFkZlkjFkh 'kkse dh vè;{krk esa ,d deh'ku dk xBu fd;k
x;kA bUgksaus viuh igyh fjiksVZ ebZ 2014 esa ljdkj dks lkSaihA bl deh'ku us dj iz'kklu esa lqèkkj ds fy;s dqy 4
fjiksVZ lkSaih gSaA buesa fuEufyf[kr fliQkfj'ksa dh xbZ gaSµ
391
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzdj <k¡ps esa cnykoA
zzdjnkrk lsokvksa esa lqèkkjA
zzdj iz.kkyh esa lwpuk vkSj lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx dks c<+kukA
zzlwpukvksa dk vU; ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk vknku&iznku djukA
zzekuo lalkèku izcaèku dks e”kcwr djukA
zzdj vkèkkj dk foLrkj djukA
zzdj {kerk dk fodkl djukA
zzdj 'kklu esa vuqlaèkku djuk vkSj mldk vkxkeh fo'ys"k.k djukA
zzjktLo dk iwokZuqeku yxkukA
zzvk;dj vko`fÙk (okilh) iQkWeZ esa laifÙk dj dh tkudkjh Hkh gksuh pkfg;sA
zziSuy us lq>ko fn;k fd dj dkuwu esa iwoZorhZ la'kksèku fl¼kar ls cpuk pkfg;sA
zzjktLo lfpo dk in lekIr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
zzlhchMhVh vkSj lhchbZlh dk foy; fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
zzLora=k dj iz'kklu dh dk;Ziz.kkyh lqèkkjus] tokcnsfgrk dks c<+kus] dj uhfr;ksa ds izHkko dk ewY;kadu djus ds fy;s
Lora=k ewY;kadu dk;kZy; dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg;sA
zzlk>k dj uhfr] izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k dj ds foèkku ds fo'ys"k.k ds fy;s ,d dj ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dh tk,A
vè;k;&12
^fons'kh O;kikj * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
fons'kh O;kikj % lkekU; ifjp; (Foreign Trade : General Introduction)

Hkkjr esa fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`fÙk ,oa fLFkfr (Trend and position of foreign trade in India)
zzfdlh ns'k ds fons'kh O;kikj ls mldh vFkZO;oLFkk dh izÑfr vkSj vkdkj dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA ;fn fdlh ns'k
dk fu;kZr mlds dqy vk;kr ls vfèkd gksrk gS rks fons'kh O;kikj esa og O;kikj vfèk'ks"k (Trade Surplus) dh
fLFkfr esa gksrk gS] ijarq vk;kr vfèkd ,oa fu;kZr de gksus dh
fLFkfr esa fons'kh O;kikj ds lanHkZ esa og ns'k O;kikj ?kkVs (Trade vizSy&uoacj 2019-20 esa Hkkjr ds
Deficit) dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gSA lcls cM+ s 10 f'k"kZ O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj ns'k
zz;fn fdlh ns'k ds dqy fu;kZr esa ewY; ds vuqlkj] izkFkfed Øe ns'k fgLlsnkjh
mRiknksa ([kk|kUu] [kfut vkfn) dh mifLFkfr vfèkd gksrh gS] (%)
rks lkekU;r% mldh vFkZO;oLFkk vYi fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy 1. la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk 11.3
izÑfr dh ekuh tkrh gSA fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk esa vkS|ksfxd 2. phu ihvkjih 10.9
mRiknuksa ,oa lsok {ks=k ds fu;kZr dh izèkkurk gksrh gSA 3. la;qDr vjc vehjkr 7.3
Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj esa igys dPps eky dk fu;kZr vkSj 4. lÅnh vjc 4.1
rS;kj eky dk vk;kr fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu vc lkekU;r% Hkkjr 5. gkWUxdkWUx 3.7
ds }kjk iwathxr oLrqvksa esa dPps eky dk vk;kr vkSj rS;kj eky 6. bjkd 3.1
dk fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gSA ns'k ds [kk|kUuksa ,oa miHkksDrk oLrqvksa esa 7. 3.0
flaxkiqj
Ñf"k rFkk vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds ifj.kkeLo:i vkRefuHkZj gks tkus
8. teZuh 2.6
ds dkj.k buds vk;kr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS] tcfd isVªksfy;e rsy
9. dksfj;k x.kjkT; 2.6
vkSj Lusgdksa (POL) dh varjkZ"Vªh; dher esa rhoz o`f¼ vkSj ns'kh;
ekax rs”k gksus ds dkj.k vk;kr esa Hkkjh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA Hkkjrh; fu;kZr 10. LohVtjyS.M 2.5

392
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dk <k¡pk fufeZr oLrqvksa ds i{k esa ifjofrZr gks jgk gSA bathfu;fjax oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr esa ykSg&bLikr] bysDVªkWfud oLrq,¡
vkSj lkWÝVos;j 'kkfey fd;s tkrs gSa] bl {ks=k esa fjdkWMZ fu;kZr ,d miyfCèk gSA
zzfiNys dqN o"kks± ls vesfjdk Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj cuk gqvk gSA orZeku esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
ds vfrfjDr phu ,oa la;qDr vjc vehjkr Hkh Hkkjr ds izeq[k O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj cus gq, gSaA {ks=kh; :i ls
,f'k;k&vks'kfu;k ns'kksa esa Hkkjr dk lokZfèkd fons'kh O;kikj gksrk gSA O;kikfjd lewgksa ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ;wjksih; la?k
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj lewg gSA blds ckn vkfl;ku dk LFkku vkrk gSA
fo'o O;kikj vk¡dM+s (Foreign trade figures)

Xykscy dkWef'kZ;y lfoZlst& 2018-19 esa vxz.kh fu;kZrd ns'kksa dk ?kVrk Øe gSµ
1. l-jk- vesfjdk 4. izQk¡l 7. vk;jySaM
2. ;wukbVsM fdaxMe 5. phu 8. Hkkjr
3. teZuh 6. uhnjySaM
Xykscy dkWef'kZ;y l£olst& 2018-19 esa vxz.kh vk;krd ns'k&
1. l-jk- vesfjdk 5. uhnjySaM 9- flaxkiqj
2. phu 6. ;wukbVsM fdaxMe 10- Hkkjr
3. teZuh 7. vk;jySaM
4. izQk¡l 8. tkiku
zzo"kZ 2019 esa oSf'od mRiknu esa 2.9 izfr'kr vuqekfur o`f¼ ds vuq:i oSf'od O;kikj 1.0 izfr'kr dh nj ij
c<+us dk vuqeku gS] tcfd o"kZ 2017 esa ;g 5.7 izfr'kr ds f'k"kZ Lrj ij igq¡p x;k FkkA
zzgkyk¡fd oSf'od xfrfofèk esa fjdojh ds lkFk o"kZ 2020 esa blds 2.9 izfr'kr rd fjdoj gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zzo"kZ 2009-14 ls ysdj o"kZ 2014-19 rd Hkkjr dh eps±VMkbt oLrqvksa ds O;kikj larqyu esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA gkyk¡fd
ckn dh vofèk esa ”;knkrj lqèkkj o"kZ 2016-17 esa ØwM dh dher esa 50 izfr'kr ”;knk fxjkoV ds dkj.k gqvkA
zzHkkjr ds f'k"kZ ik¡p O;kikfjd lk>snkj vesfjdk] phu] la;qDr vjc vehjr (;w,bZ) lÅnh vjc vkSj gkWUxdkWUx gSA
(lzksr& vk£Fkd losZ{k.k 2019-20)
izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (FDI)

fons'kh fuos'kdksa ;k daifu;ksa }kjk ,d Hkkjrh; daiuh esa HkkSfrd iwath ,oa laifÙk;ksa esa IykaV ,oa e'khujh esa] Hkwfe
,oa Hkou esa vFkok mRiknu dh izfØ;k esa fuos'k îzR;{k fons'kh fuos'k* dgykrk gSA lkekU;r% ekuk tkrk gS fd fdlh
fuos'k dks ,iQMhvkbZ dk ntkZ fnykus ds fy;s de&ls&de ml daiuh esa fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks 10 iQhlnh 'ks;j [kjhnuk
iM+rk gSA
zzekpZ 2014 ls ekpZ 2019 rd Hkqxrku larqyu (ch-vks-ih-) dh fLFkfr esa tks izHkko'kkyh lqèkkj vk;k gS] mldk eq[;
f”kEesnkj o"kZ 2009-14 ls o"kZ 2014-2019 rd ns'k esa fuoy ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ- ds yxHkx nksxquk gksuk gSA
zzHkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2019-20 esa crk;k x;k gS fd o"kZ 2009-14 ds
eè; ns'k esa fuoy ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ- 92.51 vjc MkWyj Fkk tks o"kZ 2014-19 dh vofèk esa 163.87 vjc MkWyj jgkA
zzo"kZ 2018-19 esa fuoy ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ- 30.7 vjc MkWyj Fkk] tks 2019-20 ds igys 6 eghuksa esa gh 21.3 vjc MkWyj
jgk gSA
zzo"kZ 2019-20 ds 'kq: ds vkB eghuksa esa fuoy ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ- 24.4 vjc MkWyj jgkA
393
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dkjksckj lqxerk lwpdkad 2019 (Ease of Doing Business Index, 2019)
o"kZ 1991 esa mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj oS'ohdj.k (LPG) dks viukus ds ckn ls gh Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl
dks ,d ubZ fn'kk izkIr gqbZA Hkkjr esa rhoz vk£Fkd lao`f¼ izkIr djus ds fy;s ljdkj yxkrkj futh fuos'k ,oa fons'kh
fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr dj jgh gSA blds fy;s ljdkj us vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa fons'kh O;kikj uhfr dks dkiQh mnkj cuk;k
gSA Hkkjr esa fons'kh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s dkiQh NwVsa ,oa fj;k;rsa iznku dh xbZ gSaA ljdkj us vusd {ks=kksa
esa izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k dh lhek esa Hkh o`f¼ dh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj vusd dk;ZØeksa] tSls& esd bu bafM;k] LVkVZ&vi
bafM;k] LVSaM&vi bafM;k] fo'ks"k vk£Fkd {ks=kksa ds fuekZ.k ds }kjk Hkkjr esa vkS|ksxhdj.k dh nj dks c<+kdj rhoz vk£Fkd
lao`f¼ izkIr djuk pkgrh gSA ljdkj vusd dk;ZØeksa ds rgr m|fe;ksa dks foÙk ,oa ½.k iznku dj jgh gS] ftlls
”;knk&ls&”;knk m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk gks lds] yksxksa dks jks”kxkj ds volj izkIr gks lds ,oa oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds
mRiknu esa o`f¼ gks ldsA
fo'o cSad lewg (World Bank Group) dh 17oha ¶Mwbax fc”kusl 2020% fjiksVZ esa fofHkUu ekunaMksa ds vkèkkj ij
Hkkjr 190 ns'kksa esa 63osa LFkku ij gSA Hkkjr dk bZt vkWiQ Mwbax fc”kusl Ldksj 71.0 gSA Hkkjr dh fLFkfr esa fiNys lky
ds eqdkcys 14 LFkkuksa dk lqèkkj gqvk gS] fiNys lky 190 ns'kksa dh lwph esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 77ok¡ FkkA
fo'o cSad lewg dh fjiksVZ Mwbax fctusl 2020 esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr rF; izLrqr fd;s x, gSa&
vyx&vyx {ks=kksa esa Hkkjr dh jSa¯dx
{ks=k jSad
fc”kusl 'kq#vkr djus dk ekgkSy 136
daLVªD'ku ijfeV esa lqxerk 27
fc”kusl ds fy;s bysfDVªflVh dusD'ku 22
jftLVªs'ku vkWiQ çksiVhZ 154
fc”kusl ds fy;s ØsfMV miyCèk djkus ds ekeys esa 25
vYila[;d fuos'kdksa dh j{kk djus ds ekeys esa 13
VSDl Hkjus esa 115
lhek ikj O;kikj ds ekeys esa 68
dkWUVªSDV~l ykxw djus ds ekeys esa 163
fnokfy;k ekeyksa dk lekèkku 52
uksV% ^Mwbax fc”kusl fjiksVZ 11 iSjkehVlZ@ekudksa ds vkèkkj ij rS;kj dh tkrh gS ftlesa mi;qZDr 10 ekudksa ds vykok
,d vU; ekud ^yscj ekdsZV jsX;wys'ku* gSA è;krO; gS fd ^yscj ekdsZV jsX;wys'ku* esa fdlh ns'k dh jSa¯dx ugha nh
tkrh gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dk bZ”k vkWiQ Mwbax fctusl Ldksj 0 ls 100 rd ds Ldsy ij vk¡dk tkrk gS] ;gk¡ ^0 Ldksj*
dk vFkZ fuEure çn'kZu tcfd ^100 Ldksj* dk vFkZ mPpre çn'kZu gksrk gSA Mwbax fc”kusl baMsDl ds 10 iSjkehVlZ@
ekudksa esa ls 6 iSjkehVlZ@ekudksa esa Hkkjr dh jSad esa lqèkkj gqvk gSA
Mwbax fc”kusl jSafdax, 2020
ns'k jSad
U;w”khySaM 1
flaxkiqj 2
izFke ik¡p ns'k gkWUxdkWUx ,l,vkj] phu 3
MsuekdZ 4
dksfj;k x.kjkT; 5

394
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
:l 28
nf{k.k vÚhdk 84
fczDl ns'k phu 31
czk”khy 124
Hkkjr 63
HkwVku 89
usiky 94
Jhyadk 99
nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds ns'k ikfdLrku 108
ckaXykns'k 168
viQxkfuLrku 173
ekynho 147
uksV% fo'o cSad dh bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj mPp jSa¯dx dk vFkZ gS fd ml fof'k"V ns'k dh ljdkj us dkjksckj djus
ds fy;s vuqdwy fofu;ked ekgkSy miyCèk djk;k gS tcfd fuEu jSa¯dx O;kikj ds çfrdwy ekgkSy dks n'kkZrh gSA
oSf'od çfrLièkkZ fjiksVZ] 2019 (The Global Competitiveness Report, 2019)
vkt ds bl vkS|ksfxd ;qx esa fo'o pkSFkh vkS|ksfxd Økafr ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gSA bl ;qx esa vkS|ksfxd {ks=k ds
fodkl] O;kikj ,oa okf.kT; ds fy;s vusd laHkkouk,¡ ,oa volj fo|eku gSaA o"kZ 2018 esa oYMZ bdksukWfed iQksje
}kjk ubZ oSf'od izfrLièkkZ lwpdkad 4.0 tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk oSf'od izfrLièkkZ lwpdkad 4.0 dk nwljk laLdj.k
oYMZ bdksukWfed iQksje }kjk o"kZ 2019 esa tkjh fd;k x;kA oSf'od izfrLièkkZ lwpdkad 12 ladsrdksa ij vkèkkfjr gSa&
zzlaLFkku
zzmi;qDr vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk
zzfLFkj lef"V vkfFkZd <k¡pk
zzvPNk LokLF; ,oa izkFkfed f'k{kk
zzmPp f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k
zzdq'ky eky ck”kkj
zzdq'ky Je ck”kkj
zzfoÙkh; ck”kkjksa dk fodkl
zzekStwnk izkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx djus dh {kerk
zzck”kkj vkdkj&?kjsyw vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; nksuksa
zzlcls ifj"Ñr mRiknu izfØ;kvksa dk mi;ksx djds fofHkUu ?kjsyw vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; oLrqvksa dk mRiknu
zzuokpkj
oSf'od izfrLièkkZ lwpdkad] 2019 dh izeq[k fcanq

zzdqy 141 ns'kksa dh lwph esa Hkkjr dks 68ok¡ LFkku (Ldksj 61.4) izkIr gqvk gSA o"kZ 2018 esa Hkkjr 58osa LFkku (Ldksj
62.0) ij FkkA
zzflaxkiqj us la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dks izfrLFkkfir dj bl lwpdkad esa izFke LFkku izkIr fd;k gSA bl lwph esa rhljs]
pkSFks ,oa ikposa LFkku ij Øe'k% gkWUxdkWUx] uhnjyS.M ,oa fLoV~tjyS.M gSA
zzfczDl ns'kksa esa phu 28osa] :l 43osa] nf{k.k vÚhdk 60osa ,oa czkthy 71osa LFkku ij gSA
zznf{k.k ,f'k;k ns'kksa esa Jhyadk 84osa] ckaXykns'k 105osa] usiky 108osa ,oa ikfdLrku 110osa LFkku ij gSA
zzbl lwpdkad esa lcls fupys LFkku ij pkM (141osa)] ;eu (140osa) rFkk dkaxks (13osa) gSaA

395
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fo'o ds fofHkUu laLFkkuksa }kjk tkjh lwpdkad ,oa muls lacafèkr fo"k;&oLrq
lwpdkad lacafèkr laLFkku@,tsalh fo"k;&oLrq
ekuo iwath lwpdkad fo'o vk£Fkd eap fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa }kjk vius ekuo iwath@lalkèku
dk fodkl ,oa oqQ'kyre mi;ksx
cgqvk;keh xjhch la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa cgqvk;keh xjhch dk vè;;u
lwpdkad djuk
lrr~ fodkl lwpdkad la;qDr jk"Vª ds lrr~ fodkl lekèkku lrr~ fodkl ds y{;ksa dh izxfr ij u”kj j[kuk
usVooZQ vkSj cVZYleSu fLViQVax
oSf'od 'kkafr lwpdkad baLVhV~;wV iQkWj bdksukWfeDl ,aM ihl fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa 'kkafr ds Lrj dk vè;;u djuk
fo'o [kq'kgkyh fjiksVZ la;qDr jk"Vª lrr~ fodkl lekèkku fo'o esa [kq'kgkyh ds Lrj dk ekiu djuk ,oa fofHkUu
usVooZQ ns'kksa dh yksduhfr dk iFk izn'kZu djuk
gSIih IySusV baMsDl U;w bdksukWfeDl iQkmaMs'ku lrr~ [kq'kgkyh iw.kZ thou Lrj dk vè;;u djuk
,oa blds fy;s izko`Qfrd lalkèkuksa dk ferO;;h mi;ksx
oSf'od Hkw[k lwpdkad daluZ oYMZokbM ,oa osYV gaxj fgYiQ oSf'od] {ks=kh; ,oa fofHkUu ns'kksa ds Lrj ij Hkw[k
dk ewY;kadu djuk
lkekftd izxfr lwpdkad lks'ky izksxzsl baisjsfVo vk£Fkd fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd fodkl dk
ekiu djuk
ekuo fodkl lwpdkad la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe lexz ekuo fodkl dk vè;;u djus ds fy;s rhu
ewyHkwr vk;keksa& yack ,oa LoLFk thou] Kku dh
miyfCèk] ,d vPNk thou Lrj dk vè;;u djuk
usVoDMZ jsfMusl baMsDl fo'o vk£Fkd eap dh oSf'od lwpuk fMftVyh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj lekt esa ifjorZuksa dh
izkS|ksfxdh fjiksVZ ds ,d Hkkx }kjk tkjh fLFkfr dk vè;;u djuk
ysxkVe le`f¼ lwpdkad ysxkVe laLFkku fo'o esa gksus okyh le`f¼ ds Lrj dk vè;;u djuk
dkjksckj lqxerk lwpdkad fo'o cSad fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa O;kikj djus lacaèkh okrkoj.k
dk vè;;u djuk
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ (MNCs)

cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh@fuxe (Multinational Company/Corporation)
cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh ,slh daifu;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS tks ,d ls vfèkd ns'kksa esa mRiknu ij fu;a=k.k vFkok LokfeRo
j[krh gSa ,oa lhèks fons'kh fuos'k izkIr djrh gSaA ,slh daifu;ksa dks ^varjkZ"Vªh; daifu;k¡* ;k ^jk"Vª ikj fuxe* Hkh dgk
tk ldrk gSA bu daifu;ksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;s eq[; fu.kZ; O;kid lanHkZ esa ysrh gSa blfy;s buds lapkyu
lacaèkh fu.kZ; ns'kksa ls ckgj fy;s tkrs gSaA ;s daifu;k¡ ftu varjkZ"Vªh; dk;ks± dks djrh gSa] mUgsa buds fofoèk izdkj ds
lkaLFkkfud :iksa }kjk laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ;s daifu;k¡ vius vkS|ksfxd ,oa foi.ku dk;ks± dks viuh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa
vFkok muds êstksfjVh vksUM iQkWjsu ,iQhfy;sV* (MOFA) }kjk c<+krh gSaA
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of MNCs)

cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds izeq[k y{k.k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
396
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; dk;Z: bu cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk fu;a=k.k ,d laLFkk (daiuh) ds gkFk esa jgrk gS] ysfdu buds dk;Z vkSj
fgr jk"Vªh; lhekvksa ds ckgj foLr`r vFkkZr~ iSQys gksrs gSaA ;s daifu;k¡ vius ns'k esa ,d ewy daiuh }kjk dk;Z djrh gSaA
zzLokHkkfod mRifÙk: cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh mRifÙk izk;% LokHkkfod gh gksrh gSA ;s daifu;k¡ ^jsaxrh gqbZ o`f¼* }kjk c<+rh
gSaA cgqr&lh daifu;k¡ rks ,slh gSa tks la;ksxo'k varjkZ"Vªh; cu xbZ gSaA
zzcM+k vkdkj : cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds ikl fo'kky HkkSfrd ,oa foÙkh; laifÙk gksrh gSA budh fcØh vkSj laifÙk vusd
fcfy;u MkWyjksa dh gksrh gSa ftlls ;s lkekU; ls dgha vfèkd ykHk vftZr djrh gSaA
zzvYikfèkdkfjd <k¡pk: cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh vU; daifu;ksa ds foy; ;k mUgsa vius vfèkdkj {ks=k esa ysdj vfèkdkfèkd
'kfDr izkIr dj ysrh gSA bl izdkj dh izfØ;k ls mUgsa ^vYikfèkdkfjd Lo:i* izkIr gks tkrk gSA
zzlkèkuksa dk lk>k LFkkukarj.k: ,d cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh lkèkuksa ds lk>k (cgqi{kh;) LFkkukarj.k dks lqxe ,oa lqfoèkkiw.kZ
cukrh gSA blesa dPpk eky] rduhdh Kku] rS;kj oLrq,¡ rFkk izcaèkdh; lsok,¡ vkfn 'kkfey gksrh gSaA lkFk gh blesa
tfVy vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxdh (mRiknu ls ysdj foi.ku] foÙk vkSj izcaèk) Hkh lfEefyr gksrh gSA
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds izdkj (Types of MNCs)

cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSa&
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; dkWiZ: blds varxZr daiuh ;k vfuèkkZfjr daiuh] ftlesa ewy daiuh vkSj muds fons'kh lg;ksxh lfEefyr
gksrs gSa] vkrh gSA
zzvfHkHkkod daiuh: ;g daiuh vius ?kj ds vykok vU; ns'kksa esa vU; laLFkkvksa dh laifÙk;ksa dks fu;af=kr djrh gS]
vkerkSj ij ,d fuf'pr bfDoVh iwath jkT; (vkerkSj ij 10% ;k vfèkd) ds LokfeRo esaA
zzfons'kh lac¼ daiuh: bl izdkj dh daiuh ,d fuxfer ;k vfuxfer (vfuèkkZfjr) daiuh gksrh gS] ftlesa ,d fuos'kd
tks fdlh vU; ns'k (vFkZO;oLFkk) dk fuoklh gS] ml fgLlsnkjh dk ekfyd gS tks ml daiuh ds izcaèku esa LFkk;h
#fp dh vuqefr nsrk gS] blesa ,d lgk;d] lg;ksxh vkSj 'kk[kk,¡ lHkh fons'kh lg;ksxh ds :i esa lanfHkZr gSaA
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh o`f¼ ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h dkjd

(Responsible Factor for growth of MNCs)
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh o`f¼ ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h dkjd fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzck”kkj Js"Brkvksa dh miyCèkrk : cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;kas dks jk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa vusd izdkj dh ck”kkj Js"Brk,¡
miyCèk gksrh gSa] tSls& fo'oluh; ck”kkj lwpuk] n{k eky xksnke lsok,¡] ck”kkj esa dhfrZ rFkk izHkkoh izpkj ,oa lao¼Zd
rduhdsa vkfnA
zzck”kkj foLrkj dh lqfoèkk: ,d cM+s vkdkj dh daiuh gksus ds dkj.k cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh foLr`r ck”kkj esa vius dk;ks±
dk foLrkj djrh gS ftlds dkj.k mls varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr Hkh izkIr gksrh gS ftlls ;s daifu;k¡ viuh xfrfofèk;ksa dk
fuxfer ns'k dh HkkSfrd lhek ds ckgj izpkj&izlkj djrh gaSA bl izdkj fofHkUu ns'kksa esa O;kikj&foLrkj dh ykylk Hkh
budh o`f¼ ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h dkjd gSA
zzmRiknksa dh [kkst: jk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds ikl mRiknu ds csgrj volj gksrs gSa rFkk buds
ikl i;kZIr vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl dh lqfoèkk,¡ Hkh gksrh gSaA blfy;s ;s u, mRiknksa ds fodkl vkSj orZeku mRiknksa ds
csgrj uewuksa dh jpuk ds dk;Z esa O;Lr jgrh gSaA
zzizkS|ksfxdh; Js"Brkvksa dh lqfoèkk: vYifodflr ns'k cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks mudh rduhdh Js"Brkvksa ds dkj.k
vius vkS|ksfxd fodkl esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s mRlkfgr djrs gSa D;ksafd ;s ns'k izkS|ksfxd LFkkukarj.k dks viuh vkfFkZd
mUufr ds fy;s ykHkizn le>rs gSaA
zzfoÙkh; Js"Brk,¡: cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh o`f¼ dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkj.k jk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh vis{kk budh foÙkh; Js"Brk
Hkh gS] tSls& mPpLrjh; dks"k dk mi;ksx] Hkkjh foÙkh; lkèku] ckgjh iwath ck”kkj rd ljy igq¡p rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr
vkfnA
397
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk egÙo (Importance of MNCs)
varjkZ"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk egÙoiw.kZ ,oa Økafrdkjh izHkko jgk gSA buds egÙo dks fuEu
fcanqvksa }kjk le>k tk ldrk gS&
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk egÙo
ekuo lkèku iwath dk jks”kxkj ds volj Js"B rduhd ds iwath ds LFkkukarj.k

fodkl miyCèk djokuk :ikarj.k esa lg;ksxh esa lgk;rk djuk
es”kcku ns'kksa esa la;kstd izHkko mRiUu ns'k ds Hkqxrku larqyu ij
dj lgk;rk djuk fgrdj izHkko Mkyuk
zzcgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ vYifodflr ns'kksa esa csgrj izkS|ksfxdh ds LFkkukarj.k ds fy;s ,d vfHkdÙkkZ dk dk;Z djrh gSa]
D;ksafd ;s ns'k fodflr izkS|ksfxdh ds ekeys esa fiNM+s gq, gSa rFkk buds ikl 'kksèk ,oa fodkl dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks tkjh
j[kus ds fy;s dq'ky lkèkuksa dk vHkko gSA
zz;s daifu;k¡ fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh lgk;rk ds fy;s iwath cgqy fodflr ns'kksa ls iwath dk LFkkukarj.k djrh gSaA
zzcgqjk"Vªh; daiuh ds dk;ks± dk ns'k ds Hkqxrku larqyu ij fgrdj izHkko gksrk gS D;kasfd muds ikl O;kid foi.ku
laxBu gksrs gSa ftlls os fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls fu;kZrksa dk lao¼Zu dj ldrh gSaA
zzcgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ fiNM+s rFkk vYifodflr ns'kksa esa mRiknd dk;ks± esa fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr djds cM+s Lrj ij jks”kxkj
ds volj mRiUu djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSaA
zz;s daifu;k¡ vYifodflr ns'kksa dks la'kksfèkr izf'k{k.k] ifj'kq¼ rduhd rFkk Kku miyCèk djokrh gSaA
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds tksf[ke (Risk of MNCs)

cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds tksf[ke
izkS|ksfxdh dk LFkkukarj.k vokaNuh; ,oa Hkz"V {ks=kh; vkfFkZd

,d eg¡xk dk;Z O;ogkj dk vkJ; ysuk eq[; :i ls ykHk vlekurkvksa dk
izko`fÙkd gksuk lao¼Zu djuk
cgqy mi;ksx okyh o vuko';d
oLrqvksa ds mRiknu dks izksRlkgu
ns'k ds Hkqxrku larqyu ij Jfedksa dk 'kks"k.k djuk
fgrdj izHkko Mkyuk
cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;kas dks vusd tksf[keksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzcgqjk"Vªh; daiuh dh izkS|ksfxdh îwath xgu izkS|ksfxdh* gksrh gS tks mUur ns'kksa ds fy;s gh vfèkd izklafxd gksrh gSA
zzvYifodflr ns'kksa eas LFkkfir jk"Vªh; daiuh }kjk lLrs esa miyCèk Jfedksa dk 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA
zz;s daifu;k¡ {ks=kh; vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa dks izksRlkfgr djrh gSa rFkk vYi&fodkl ds lkxj esa le`f¼ vkSj fodkl ds
Hkhrjh izns'k dk fuekZ.k djrh gaSA
zz;s daifu;k¡ vuko';d oLrqvksa ,oa cgqy mi;ksx okyh oLrqvksa ds mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr djrh gSaA
zzbu daifu;ksa }kjk izkS|ksfxdh dk LFkkukarj.k ,d eg¡xk dk;Z gSA ;s 'kqYd] jkW;YVh rFkk vU; [kpks± ds :i esa vR;fèkd
èku olwy djrh gaSA
zzcgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ eq[; :i ls ykHk izko`fÙkd gksrh gSaA budh lexz fodkl esa #fp ugha gksrh gSA
zz;s daifu;k¡ vius O;kikfjd O;ogkj eas vokaNuh; ,oa Hkz"V O;ogkj dk vkJ; ysrh gSaA
398
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vè;k;&13
^Hkqxrku larqyu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
fons'kh izR;{k fuos'k (,iQ-Mh-vkbZ) [Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)]

2019&20 ds 'kq: ds vkB eghuksa esa fuoy fons'kh izR;{k fuos'k 24-4 vesfjdh fcfy;u MkWyj FkkA fuoy fons'kh
izR;{k fuos'k esa o`f¼ ls chvksih fLFkfr eas lqèkkj gksrk gSA
zzekpZ 2014 ls ekpZ 2019 rd chvksih fLFkfr eas tks izHkko'kkyh lqèkkj vk;k gS] mldk eq[; ftEesnkj 2009&14 ls
2014&2019 rd ns'k eas fuoy ,iQMhvkbZ- ds yxHkx nqxquk gksuk gSA
zzfuoy ,iQ-Mh-vkbZ- dk mNky tkjh jgus ls igyh Nekgh eas gh fiNys lky ls ipkl izfr'kr T;knk èkujkf'k vkdf"kZr
gqbZ gSA
zzns'k esa fons'kh fuos'k ds c<+rs izokg ds fy;s ,iQMhvkbZ fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk yxkrkj mnkjhdj.k ftEesnkj jgk gSA
fuoy ,iQMhvkbZ (;w,l MkWyj fcfy;u esa)

2009-14 2014-19 2018-19 2019-20-
H1
92.51 163.87 30.7 21.3
lzksr% Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad
zzfuoy ,iQ-MhvkbZ esa o`f¼ pkyw [kkrs ds ?kkVs (lh,Mh) ds fufèkdj.k dk ,d vfèkd mi;qDr lzksr iznku djrh gS]
vkSj bl fygkt ls vU; iwath izokg dh rqyuk esa chvksih fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ds fy;s vfèkd fLFkjrk iznku djrh gSA
zzns'k esa 2019&20 dh izFke Nekgh esa fuoy izR;{k fons'kh fuos'k }kjk pkyw [kkrk ?kkVs dk foÙkh; o"kZ 2018&19 dh
lerqY; vofèk ls vfèkd jgk gSA
fons'kh iksVZiQksfy;ks fuos'k (,iQihvkbZ) (Foreign Portfolio Investment)

ns'k esa o"kZ 2019&20 ds igys 8 eghuksa esa fuoy ,iQihvkbZ izokg 12-6 fcfy;u vesfjdh Mkyj jgkA fuoy
,iQihvkbZ izokg esa o`f¼ ls chvksih (Hkqxrku 'ks"k) fLFkfr eas lqèkkj gksrk gS vkSj izR;{k fuos'k ;k vkjf{kr laifÙk;ksa ds
vykok] lhek ij ysu&nsu eas 'kkfey Í.k vkSj bfDoVh izfrHkwfr;ksa ds dkj.k mRiUu gqbZ gSA fdarq ,iQihvkbZ dks vDlj
mldh ,d vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqlhcr ds igys ladsr ij ;k nqfu;k esa dgha vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls vesfjdk esa isQMjy fj”koZ
ds gkFkksa fuos'k vkd"kZ.k eas c<+kok ns[kdj Hkkx tkus dh izo`fÙk ds dkj.k ^gkWV euh* dgk tkrk gSA 2009&14 dh 45-6
izfr'kr dh rqyuk eas 2014&19 dh 17-1 izfr'kr] fuoy ,iQMhvkbZ ds lacaèk eas] lh,Mh dks foÙk iznku gsrq fuoy
,iQihvkbZ ij fuHkZjrk de gSA 2018&19 esa ns'k ls fuoy iksVZiQksfy;ks cfgZokZg jgk ftls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij
fuos'kdksa ds fo'okl dh de”kksjh ds :i esa ns[kk x;kA gkykafd 2019&20 ds izFke Nekgh eas iksVZiQksfy;ks izokg dk
ldkjkRed cuus ds fy;s vesfjdk dh ekSfnzd uhfr] oSf'od ck”kkj esa rjyrk esa o`f¼ vkSj ctV ?kks"k.kk ds i'pkr~
Hkkjr ds fodkl dh izcy laHkkoukvksa dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA
fuoy ,iQihvkbZ (fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj)
2009-14 2014-19 2018-19 2019-20H1
59.1 67.18 -0.62 7.3
399
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fons'kh okf.kfT;d mèkkj (bZlhch) [External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs)]
fuoy fons'kh okf.kfT;d mèkkjksa esa o`f¼ ls Hkqxrku 'ks"k dh fLFkfr eas lqèkkj gqvk gSA fdarq blls 2018&19 esa fuoy
bZlhch esa mNky vk;k vkSj 2019&20 dh igyh Nekgh eas ns'k esa yxHkx bruh gh jkf'k dk igys gh izokg gks pqdk gSA
fuoy fons'kh okf.kfT;d mèkkj (fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj)
2009-14 2014-19 2018-19 2019-20H1
42.80 -4.24 9.77 9.76
tcfd gkfy;k o"kks± esa ?kjsyw cSad Í.k o`f¼ eas fxjkoV vkbZ gS] 2017&18 ls bZlhch ekxZ ds tfj;s Í.k esa vR;fèkd
o`f¼ ns[kus esa vkbZ gSA bZlhch ekxZ ds fy;s dkWiksZjsV dh c<+rh rjthg dk dkj.k fuEu oSf'od C;kt njsa vkSj fons'k esa
csgrj rjyrk gks ldrk gSA
fons'kh Í.k (External Debt)

thMhih vuqikr dh rqyuk esa oSnsf'kd Í.k esa o`f¼ Í.k dh vnk;xh rFkk fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj ij vkgj.k dks c<+krh
gS] ftlls Hkqxrku larqyu fcxM+rk jgk gSA 2009&2014 dh rqyuk eas 2014&2019 esa izeq[k fxjkoV ds i'pkr~ thMhih
dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr dk oSnsf'kd Í.k okf.kfT;d mèkkfj;ksa] xSj fuokfl;ksa }kjk dh xbZ tekvksa rFkk y?kq vkofèkd O;kikj
Í.k esa c<+ksÙkjh ds dkj.k eq[; :i ls ekpZ var 2019 ds vius Lrj ls 2020 dh igyh Nekgh ds var rd 0-3
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ FkhA rFkkfi ;g c<+ksÙkjh vkaf'kd :Ik ls Hkkjrh; #i;s ds vesfjdh MkWyj rFkk 2019&20 dh nwljh
frekgh esa izeq[k eqnzkvksa ds izfr vfèkewY;u ds ifj.kkeLo:i ewY; o`f¼ }kjk gqbZ FkhA fo'o cSad dh varjkZ"Vªh; Í.k
lkaf[;dh] 2020 ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dk fons'kh Í.k lHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds thMhih ds lkFk vuqikr dh rqyuk esa
(25-6 izfr'kr) fuEu cuk jgkA
fons'kh Í.k (thMhih ds izfr'kr ds :i esa)
2009-14 2014-19 2018-19 2019-20H1
23.9 19.7 19.8 20.1
lzksr% Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad] frekgh fons'kh Í.k fjiksVZ
vkfFkZd dk;Z foHkkx] foÙk ea=kky;
y?kq vofèk Í.k dk c<+rk gqvk fgLlk Hkqxrku larqyu dh fLFkfr dks vkSj vfèkd de”kksj dj nsrk gS D;kasfd ,slh
mèkkfj;ksa esa vis{kkÑr C;kt dh nj mPp gksrh gSA
oSnsf'kd nsunkfj;k¡ (Í.k$bfDoVh) [External Liabilities (Debt+Equity)]
zzthMhih ds vuqikr esa oSnsf'kd nsunkfj;k¡ (Í.k$bfDoVh)
oSnsf'kd nsunkfj;ksa dk vfèkd O;kid iSekuk gS D;kasfd ;g
ykHkka'k vnk;xh vkSj C;kt dks tksM+rk gSA
zzbl vuqikr esa c<+ksÙkjh cgqr gn rd fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj dks
fxjkrh gS rFkk Hkqxrku fLFkfr dks fcxkM+rk gSA
zzthMhih ds vuqikr esa Hkkjr dh oSnsf'kd nsunkfj;ksa es 2009&14
dh rqyuk esa 2014&19 ds nkSjku izeq[k fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ gSA
zz2018&19 esa detksfj;ksa esa c<+ksRrjh dks ns[kus ds i'pkr~] ftlus

400
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj dh lkèkkj.k fxjkoV dh Fkh] Hkkjr ds oSnsf'kd {ks=k us Hkqxrku larqyu dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ds
lkFk 2019&20 dh igyh Nekgh esa fLFkjrk izkIr dh Fkh tks fd ,iQMhvkbZ] ,iQihvkbZ ,oa bZlhch] etcwr èkuizs"k.k
dh izkfIr rFkk thMhih ds vuqikr esa lh,Mh ds ladqpu ds tfj, iawth izokg dh gkyr lqèkjus dk ifj.kke FkhA
zzoSnsf'kd Í.k thMhih ds 20 izfr'kr ds fuEu Lrj ij gSA
zz10 tuojh] 2020 ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dk fons'kh eqnzk HkaMkj 2019&20 dh igyh Nekgh esa 27-5 fcfy;u vejhdh
Mkyj dh vfHko`f¼ ntZ djrs gq, 461-2 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj gks xbZA
vè;k;&14
^varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa&
varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad] fo'o O;kikj laxBu

(International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade
Organisation)
varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k (International Monetary Fund)
varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ,oa LFkk;h oSf'od <k¡ps dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s 'kh"kZ laLFkku varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh LFkkiuk
dh xbZ gSA la;qDr jk"Vª vesfjdk }kjk izLrkfor ÔgkbV Iyku* (1943) rFkk fczVsu }kjk izLrkfor ^dhal ;kstuk* ij
fopkj&foe'kZ ds fy;s o"kZ 1944 esa okf'kaxVu esa gq, ^czsVuoqM~l lEesyu* esa varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k
,oa fodkl cSad dh LFkkiuk dh uhao j[kh xbZA bldk mn~?kkVu 27 fnlacj] 1945 dks okf'kaxVu esa gqvk ijarq blus 1
ekpZ] 1947 ls dk;Z djuk izkjaHk fd;kA Hkkjr blds laLFkkid lnL;ksa esa 'kkfey gSA
uoacj 1947 esa ;g la;qDr jk"Vª dk fof'k"V vfHkdj.k cukA bldk eq[;ky; okf'kaxVu Mh-lh- esa gSA orZeku esa
blesa dqy 189 lnL; jk"Vª gSaA 12 vizSy] 2016 dks ukS: x.kjkT; bldk 189ok¡ lnL; cukA Úk¡l dh foÙk ea=kh
fozQfLVuk ysxkWMZ varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh izcaèk funs'kd gSaA
varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k dk dk;Zdkjh eaMy blds fnu&çfrfnu ds dk;Zdykiksa dh ns[kHkky djrk gSA dk;Zdkjh eaMy
eas dqy 24 dk;Zdkjh funs'kd gksrs gSa] ftudk p;u xouZj eaMy }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA dk;Zdkjh eaMy esa lHkh 189 ns'kksa
dk çfrfufèkRo gksrk gSA blds fy;s lnL; ns'kksa dks 24 lewgksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk çR;sd lewg ls dk;Zdkjh
funs'kd fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] tks ml lewg dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k ds xouZj eaMy dks nks eaf=keaMyh; lfefr;ksa dh lykg çkIr gksrh gS&
varjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd ,oa foÙkh; lfefr (International Monetary and Financial Committee–IMFC)
fodkl lfefr (Development Committee)
fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj (Special Drawing Right–SDR)

zzfo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k }kjk tfur varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; fufèk gSA
zzbls o"kZ 1969 esa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij rjyrk dh leL;k dks gy djus esa orZeku lalkèkuksa dh vi;kZIrrk dh deh
dks iwjk djus ds fy;s 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA
zzbl O;oLFkk esa ,d fo'ks"k vkgj.k vfèkdkj dk ewY; 1 MkWyj fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k] tks ml le; 0.88671 xzke
lksus ds ewY; ds cjkcj FkkA bl O;oLFkk ds czsVu oqM~l O;oLFkk dgk x;k tks 1973 esa èoLr gks xbZA
zz;g varjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd {ks=k esa Lo.kZ eqæk dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA
zzblfy;s bls dkx”kh Lo.kZ (Paper Gold) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ds lHkh ysu&nsu dks"k dh ubZ eqæk ,l-Mh-vkj- (SDR) esa O;Dr fd;s tkus yxsA
401
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvDVwcj] 2016 ds ckn ls ,l-Mh-vkj- (SDR) ds ewY; dk fuèkkZj.k fo'o dh ik¡p izeq[k eqækvksa dh ckWLdsV
vesfjdh MkWyj (41.73%)] ;wjks (30.93%)] tkikuh ;su (8.33%)] phuh ;qvku (10.92%) rFkk ikmaM LVfy±x
(8.09%) ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
zzvkbZ-,e-,iQ- (IMF) ds dksVs dks lnL; ns'kksa }kjk Lo.kZ (dksVs dk 25%) rFkk Lons'kh eqæk (dksVs dk 75%)
esa tek djuk iM+rk gSA
zzvc rd dqy 11 ckj dksVs esa ifjorZu fd;k tk pqdk gSA
zzorZeku esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds ikl lokZfèkd dksVk gS rFkk Hkkjr dk LFkku 8ok¡ gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k dh 14oha lkekU; leh{kk ykxw fd;s tkus ds i'pkr~ blesa Hkkjr dk dksVk 2.76 izfr'kr rFkk
erkfèkdkj dksVk 2.64 izfr'kr gSA
zz,l-Mh-vkj- (SDR) ysu&nsu dh dksbZ HkkSfrd bdkbZ ugha gS] O;ogkj ds ckn fofHkUu ns'kksa ds [kkrs esa ;g ,d
lek;kstu bdkbZ gSA
IMF esa SDR èkkfjrk ds lkis{k IMF esa VkWi 10 ns'kksa dh fgLlsnkjh rFkk oksfVax vfèkdkj (izfr'kr ds :i
esa)
Ø-lans'k 'ks;j èkkfjrk oksfVax vfèkdkj
1. vesfjdk 17.46 16.52
2. tkiku 6.48 6.15
3. phu 6.41 6.09
4. teZuh 5.60 5.32
5. izQk¡l 4.24 4.03
6. fczVsu 4.24 4.03
7. bVyh 3.17 3.02
8. Hkkjr 2.76 2.64
9. :l 2.71 2.59
10. czk”khy 2.32 2.22
fo'o cSad (World Bank)

varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad ;k fo'o cSad dh LFkkiuk ^czsVuoqM~l lEesyu* esa gq, le>kSrs ds rgr o"kZ
1944 esa gqbZ FkhA fo'o cSad us 25 twu] 1946 ls dk;Z djuk vkjaHk fd;kA ;g varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh lg laLFkk gSA
fo'o cSad ,oa vkbZ-,e-,iQ- dks czsVuoqM~l dh ;qXe larkusa dgk tkrk gSA orZeku esa bldh lnL; la[;k Hkh 189 gSA
bldk eq[;ky; okf'kaxVu Mh-lh- esa gSA
varjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad
(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development–IBRD)
zz^varjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad* fo'o cSad lewg dh çeq[k laLFkk gS] ftldh LFkkiuk 1944 esa laiUu gq,
czsVu oqM~l lEesyu ds i'pkr~ gqbZA blus o"kZ 1946 ls dk;Z djuk çkjaHk fd;kA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad esa orZeku esa dqy 189 lnL; gSaA ukS: x.kjkT; (Republic of Nauru) 12
vçSy] 2016 dks bldk 189ok¡ lnL; cukA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad dh LFkkiuk ds le; bldk eq[; mís'; f}rh; fo'o;q¼ ds i'pkr~ ;q¼ esa
'kkfey ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dk iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl FkkA
402
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzmi;qZDr mís'; dh iw£r ds fy;s cSad }kjk igyh ckj 1947 esa izQk¡l ds volajpuk fodkl ds fy;s 250 fefy;u
MkWyj dk ½.k çnku fd;k x;kA 1950 ds n'kd esa cSad }kjk vU; if'peh ;wjksih; ns'kksa dh ckaèk ifj;kstukvksa]
fo|qr mRiknu ifj;kstukvksa] bLikr m|ksx ,oa vU; ifj;kstukvksa gsrq ½.k çnku fd;k x;kA
zz1948 esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk }kjk if'peh ;wjksi ds ns'kksa ds fodkl gsrq vk£Fkd lgk;rk çnku djus ds fy;s çkjaHk
fd;s x, ek'kZy Iyku ds dkj.k ;wjksih; ns'kksa }kjk cSad }kjk çnku fd;s tkus okys ½.k ds lanHkZ esa fo'ks"k vfHk#fp
çn£'kr ugha dh xbZ] ftlds iQyLo:i cSad dks vius mís';ksa esa ifjorZu djuk iM+kA
zzmlds i'pkr~ cSad us uo Lora=k ns'kksa esa xjhch mUewyu dks viuk eq[; mís'; cuk;kA
zzorZeku esa varjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad (IBRD) varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl la?k (IDA) ds lkFk feydj fodkl'khy
,oa vYifodflr vFkZO;oLFkk okys lnL; ns'kksa esa ekuo lalkèku fodkl] Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k]
volajpuk fodkl ,oa ç'kklfud lqèkkj gsrq foÙkh;u esa è;ku dsafær fd;s gq, gSA
zz^fo'o fodkl fjiksVZ* dk ok£"kd izdk'ku varjkZ"Vªh; iqu£uekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad }kjk gh fd;k tkrk gSA
fo'o cSad lewg dh fjiksV~lZ (Reports of World Bank Group)

fo'o cSad lewg }kjk le;≤ ij fofHkUu fjiksVks± dk çdk'ku fd;k tkrk gS ftuesa çeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzMwbax fctusl fjiksVZ (Doing Business Report)
zzfo'o fodkl fjiksVZ (World Development Report)
zzoSf'od vk£Fkd laHkkouk fjiksVZ (Global Economic Prospect Report)
zzdeksfMVh ekdsZV vkmVyqd (Commodity Market Outlook)
zzoSf'od foÙkh; fodkl fjiksVZ (Global Financial Development Report)
zzfo'o fodkl ladsrd (World Development Indicators)
fo'o cSad esa VkWi 8 ns'kksa dh 'ks;j èkkfjrk rFkk oksfVax vfèkdkj (izfr'kr esa)
Ø-lans'k 'ks;j èkkfjrk oksfVax vfèkdkj
1. vesfjdk 17.25 15.68
2. tkiku 7.42 7.89
3. phu 4.78 4.37
4. teZuh 4.33 3.96
5. fczVsu 4.06 3.71
6. izQk¡l 4.06 3.71
7. Hkkjr 3.13 3
8. dukMk 3.10 2.9
uksV% 'ks;j&èkkfjrk fo'o cSad fjiksVZ 2017 ds vkèkkj ij] oksfVax vfèkdkj& vkbZ-ch-vkj-Mh- ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij
fo'o cSad lewg ds vU; laxBuksa dk fooj.k

(Details of other organizations of the World Bank group)
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; fodkl la?k (International Development Association–IDA) % varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn ;k la?k]
fo'o cSad dh ,d lg;ksxh bdkbZ gSA bldh LFkkiuk 24 flracj 1960 dks gqbZA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh jktèkkuh
okf'kaxVu esa dh xbZA ;g o"kZ 1961 esa la;qDr jk"Vª dk vfHkdj.k cukA dkuwuh vkSj foÙkh; :i ls ;g laLFkk fo'o
cSad ls vyx gS ijarq okLro esa ;g fo'o cSad dh lg;ksxh laLFkk gSA bls ^lqyHk Í.k f[kM+dh* (Soft Loan Window)
dgk tkrk gSA fo'o cSad dh iwjd laLFkk ds :i esa dk;Z djrs gq, bldk mn~ns'; fodklksUeq[k ns'kksa ds fy;s vklku

403
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
'krks± ij lLrs nh?kZdkyhu Í.k miyCèk djkuk gSA bl la?k dh lnL;rk fo'o cSad ds lHkh lnL; ns'kksa ds fy;s [kqyh
gqbZ gSA orZeku esa bl la?k ds lnL; ns'kksa dh la[;k 173 gSA fo'o cSad dk vè;{k bldk insu vè;{k gksrk gSA
fodkl la?k }kjk fn;s tkus okys Í.kksa dh vofèk izk;% 30–38 o"kZ dh gSA izkjafHkd NwV dh vofèk 5-10 o"kZ rd
gSA bu Í.kksa ij C;kt ugha fy;k tkrk gS] dsoy vkoafVr jkf'k ij 0.75% okf"kZd lsok 'kqYd fy;k tkrk gSA ;g
la?k ifj;kstukxr ,oa xSj&ifj;kstukxr nksuksa izdkj dh Í.k miyCèk djkrk gSA
zzvarjkZ"Vªh; foÙk fuxe (International Finance Corporation–IFC) % varjkZ"Vªh; foÙk fuxe fo'o cSad ls lac¼
,d vU; laLFkk gS] ftldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1956 esa gqbZA ;g o"kZ 1961 esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dk vfHkdj.k cukA bl
laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dk mn~ns'; fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa futh {ks=k ds fy;s iwath tqVkus ds dk;Z djuk FkkA futh {ks=kksa
dks iwath vkèkkj miyCèk djkdj ;g muds va'k [kjhndj muds fy;s iwath dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA bldk eq[;ky;
okf'kaxVu Mh-lh- (la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk) esa gSA
zzcgqi{kh; fuos'k xkjaVh laLFkk (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency–MIGA) % ;g fo'o cSad lewg
dh uohure laLFkk gS] ftldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1988 esa gqbZA bldk eq[; mn~ns'; lnL; fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa izR;{k
fuos'k ds izokg dks izksRlkfgr djuk gSA ;g fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks izksRlkgu ,oa ijke'kZ nsus okyh lsok,¡
Hkh iznku djrh gS] ftlls fd fuos'k okrkoj.k dk vkd"kZ.k c<+k;k tk ldsA ehxk ls lgk;rk izkIr djus ds fy;s
mldk lnL; cuuk vfuok;Z gSA orZeku esa ehxk ds dqy 181 lnL; gSaA bldk eq[;ky; okf'kaxVu Mh-lh- (la;qDr
jkT; vesfjdk) esa gSA
zzfuos'k lacaèkh fookn fuiVku gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; dsanz (International Center for Settlement of Investment
Disputes–ICSID) % fo'o cSad us jk"Vªksa ds ukxfjdksa ds fuos'k lacaèkh >xM+s fuiVkus ds fy;s ,d varjkZ"Vªh; dsanz
LFkkfir fd;k gS ftls ^fuos'k lacaèkh fookn fuiVku gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; lekèkku dsanz* dgk tkrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk o"kZ
1966 esa gqbZA ;g dsanz lnL; ns'kksa dh ljdkj ,oa futh fuos'kdksa ds eè; fuos'k lacaèkh fooknksa ds gy ds le>kSrs
;k iap&fu.kZ; }kjk fuiVkjs dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkrk gSA dsanz us fofHkUu varjkZ"Vªh; >xM+s tSls&Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ds
chp unh ty fookn] felz vkSj baXySaM esa Lost ugj fookn vkfn lqy>kus esa liQyrkiwoZd eè;LFkrk dh gSA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu (World Trade Organization –WTO)

fo'o O;kikj laxBu ,d varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu gS tks fofHkUu ns'kksa ds eè; oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds eqDr O;kikj lacaèkh
fu;e cukrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1 tuojh] 1995 dks f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ ds ckn cuk, x, iz'kqYd ,oa O;kikj lacaèkh
lkekU; djkj O;oLFkk (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade–GATT) ds LFkku ij uohu O;oLFkk ykus ds fy;s
dh xbZ FkhA bldk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~”kjySaM) esa gS rFkk dqy lnL; la[;k 164 gSA MCY;w-Vh-vks- dk lnL; cuus
ds ckn vkilh O;kikj esa dksbZ ns'k ,d&nwljs ls HksnHkko ugha dj ldrkA ;g fo'o cSad ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ds
led{k gh dk;Z djrk gS ijarq ;g la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dk lac¼ vfHkdj.k ugha gSA
O;kikj lqfoèkk le>kSrk (Trade Facilitation Agreement)

zzfo'o O;kikj laxBu ds ukSosa eaf=kLrjh; lEesyu ftldk vk;kstu baMksusf'k;k ds ckyh esa fd;k x;k Fkk] esa O;kikj
lqfoèkk le>kSrs dks viuk;k x;kA bl le>kSrs ds ykxw djus ds fy;s U;wure nks&frgkbZ lnL;ksa ds vuqleFkZu
(Ratification) dh vko';drk FkhA 22 iQjojh] 2017 dks jokaMk] vkseku] pkM ,oa tkWMZu }kjk le>kSrs dk vuqleFkZu
djrs gh le>kSrk ykxw gks x;kA
404
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz;g le>kSrk fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds vèkhu igyk egÙoiw.kZ cgqi{kh; le>kSrk gS] tks lnL; ns'kksa ds eè; oLrqvksa
ds vkokxeu (Movement)] fjgkbZ (Release) rFkk fudklh (Clearance) esa rhozrk ykus esa lgk;d gksxkA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu ,oa Hkkjr (World Trade Organization and India)
Hkkjr fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk laLFkkid lnL; gS rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds lewg dk izfrfufèkRo djrk gSA
MCY;w-Vh-vks- dk lnL; gksus ls Hkkjr dks fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds yxHkx lHkh lnL; ns'kkssa ds lkFk ^lokZfèkd ilanhnk@
ojh;rk izkIr* (Most Favoured Nation –MFN) dk ntkZ feyk gqvk gSA bl rjg ojh;rk izkIr ns'k esa lfEefyr gksus
ls Hkkjr dks lHkh lnL; ns'kksa ds lkFk leku O;kikfjd O;ogkj ,oa izfØ;k,¡ viukuh gksaxhA vius O;kikfjd lnL;ksa esa
ls izR;sd ds lkFk f}i{kh; okrkZvksa esa izos'k ds fy;s dkiQh Je okyk dk;Z djuk iM+sxkA lnL; jk"Vª ds :i esa Hkkjr
dks Hkh lHkh izfØ;k,¡ viukuh gksaxhA
lokZfèkd ilanhnk jk"Vª (Most Favoured Nationa–MFN)
zzHksnHkko jfgr ;k xSj&foHksndkjh varZjk"Vªh; O;kikj O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk eq[; mn~ns'; gSA blh
mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ ds fy;s fo'o O;kikj laxBu }kjk lokZfèkd ilanhnk jk"Vª dh voèkkj.kk dk izfriknu fd;k x;k gSA
zz,d jk"Vª }kjk fdlh vU; jk"Vª dks lokZfèkd ilanhnk jk"Vª dk ntkZ iznku fd;s tkus dh fLFkfr esa tks fj;klrsa ml
jk"Vª dks iznku dh tkrh gSa] ogh fj;klrsa vU; lHkh lnL; jk"Vªksa dks iznku fd;k tkuk vfuok;Z gSA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) ds Ñf"k lacaèkh le>kSrs esa Ñf"kxr O;kikj fu;ekoyh dk izHkko cgqr vfèkd iM+kA
bl le>kSrs ds varxZr lHkh lnL; ns'kksa dks ck”kkj igq¡p] fu;kZr lgk;rk (lfClMh) ,oa ljdkjh lgk;rk dks Ñf"k
oLrqvksa ds lanHkZ esa de djuk gksxk rkfd fo'o O;kikj esa eqDr ,oa izfr;ksxh okrkoj.k esa o`f¼ gks ldsA ftlds iQyLo:i
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k mRiknksa dks fons'kh ck”kkj izkIr gks lds ,oa mRiknksa dh xq.koÙkk c<+ ldsA blds ckn ls Hkkjr ,oa vU;
fodkl'khy ns'k Ñf"k {ks=k esa dqy mRikn ewY; dk 10% rd rFkk fodflr ns'k 5% rd lfClMh ns ldrs gSaA bl
fu;e dh o”kg ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa [kk| lqj{kk vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djus okys dk;ZØeksa esa ckèkk vkus dh
laHkkouk gS D;ksafd lfClMh ds eqn~ns ij fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds fodflr ns'kksa ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa vlgefr dk
nkSj 'kq: gks x;k gSA Hkkjr us lfClMh ds lanHkZ esa la'kksèku izLrko j[kk tks [kkfjt gks x;kA vHkh Hkh bl fo"k; ij
xfrjksèk tkjh gSA
fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh 'krks± ds vuq:i Hkkjr us 1 tuojh] 2005 ls [kk| inkFkks±] nok ,oa jlk;u rFkk lkWÝVos;j
lacaèkh mRiknksa ds fy;s ^mRikn isVsaV iz.kkyh* dks viuk fy;k gSA bl iz.kkyh esa tufgr dh lqj{kk dk iwjh rjg è;ku
j[kk x;k gSA
1 tuojh] 2005 esa cgq&iQkbcj le>kSrs ds lekIr gksus ds lkFk gh ^fo'o diM+k vkèkkj dksVk iz.kkyh* Hkh lekIr
gks xbZ gSA Hkkjr diM+k fu;kZr ds 'kh"kZ ns'kksa esa lfEefyr gS blfy;s Hkkjrh; diM+k m|ksx ds fy;s dksVk eqDr okrkoj.k
esa u;k ck”kkj ,oa ubZ laHkkouk,¡ miyCèk gks ldsaxhA
Hkkjr us fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds fu.kZ; ds ifjizs{; esa ns'k esa vk;kr gksus okyh lHkh oLrqvksa ij ls ifjek.kkRed
izfrcaèkksa (Quantitative Restrictions) dks lekIr dj fn;k gSA 29 fnlacj] 1999 dks gq, bl le>kSrs us tks fd Hkkjr
vkSj vesfjdk ds chp laiUu gqvk Fkk] cgqr vfèkd izHkko MkykA fu;a=k.keqDr fd;s x, mRiknksa esa ls 300 mRiknksa dks
vfr laosnu'khy crk;k x;k gS] ftuds vk;kr ij fuxjkuh j[kus ds fy;s mPpLrjh; okWj :e dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds fu.kZ;ksa] uhfr;ksa rFkk cgqi{kh;&,di{kh; le>kSrksa dk fuf'pr :i ls
xgu izHkko iM+k gSA Hkkjr esa oL=k m|ksx] peM+k m|ksx] VsDlVkby {ks=k] [kk| {ks=k] [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks=k vkfn esa mRiknu
o`f¼ rFkk fu;kZr fodkl dh vlhe laHkkouk,¡ ekStwn gSaA bl :i esa oSf'od ck”kkj esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh Hkwfedk
vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gks tkrh gSA Hkkjr dks vius O;kikfjd fgrksa ds lkFk lkeatL; cukdj n`<+rk ds lkFk gksdj bl fn'kk
esa c<+us dh vko';drk gSA
405
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu] vadVkM] ;wusLdks] ;w-,u-Mh-ih-] th&20
(World Intellectual Property Organization, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNDP,
G–20)
fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu (World Intellectual Property Organization–WIPO)

fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu (ohiks) dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1967 esa 51 ns'kksa }kjk LVkWdgkse (LohMu) esa MCY;w-vkbZ-ih-
vks- lafèk ds iQYkLo:i gqbZA ;g lafèk 1970 ls ykxw gqbZA ohiks dk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~”kjySaM) esa gSA ;g o"kZ 1974
esa la;qDr jk"Vª dk vfHkdj.k cukA orZeku esa blds 193 lnL; ns'k gSaA la;qDr jk"Vª ds lHkh lnL; ns'k blds lnL;
cu ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;g ckè;dkjh ugha gSA Hkkjr 1975 esa ohiks dk lnL; ns'k cuk FkkA
fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu ,oa Hkkjr (World Intellectual Property Organization and India)
orZeku esa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ^fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu* rFkk ^fVªIl le>kSrk* (Agreement on trade–related
aspects of intellectual property rights–TRIPs) uhfrxr mik; rFkk j{kk ra=k ds :i esa viuh Hkwfedk vnk dj jgs
gSaA bu laxBuksa dk lnL; gksus ds pyrs Hkkjr ij budh uhfr;ksa ,ao y{;ksa dk izHkko gSA 12 ebZ] 2016 dks Hkkjr ljdkj
}kjk ^jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr (National intellectual property rights policy) dks ea”kwjh nh xbZ gSA jk"Vªh;
ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr ls Hkkjr esa ckSf¼d laink ds fy;s Hkkoh jksMeSi rS;kj djus esa enn feysxhA bl uhfr ds
varxZr ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj laxBu ds vuq:i Hkkjrh; fgrksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ckSf¼d laink ls lacafèkr lHkh
fn'kk&funsZ'k] Hkkoh fodkl dk;ZØe] dk;kZUo;u vkSj laj{k.k lacaèkh izkoèkku fd;s x, gSaA jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj
uhfr jpukRed Hkkjr] vfHkuo Hkkjr (Creative India, Innovative India) ds fy;s dke djsxhA
MCY;w-vkbZ-ih-vks- ds varxZr varjkZ"Vªh; ckèkkvksa dks Lohdkjus ds fy;s Hkkjr dks fofHkUu tkjh ?kjsyw ckSf¼d laink
vfèkdkj dkuwuksa dks le;≤ ij la'kksfèkr djuk iM+k gSA Hkkjrh; isVsaV vfèkfu;e] 1970 esa igyk la'kksèku 1999 ls
izHkkoh gqvkA la'kksfèkr vfèkfu;e esa vkS"kfèk] nok rFkk o`Qf"k jlk;uksa ds {ks=k esa mRikn isVsaV ds fy;s vkosnu dk izkoèkku
gSA ckn esa o"kZ 2002 esa bl dkuwu esa iqu% la'kksèku dj oqQN izkoèkku tksM+s x, gSaA Hkkjrh; dkWihjkbV vfèkfu;e] 1957
esa Hkh la'kksèku fd;s x, gSaA ijarq vc jk"Vªh; ckSf¼d laink vfèkdkj uhfr bl lcaèk esa lHkh rjg ds ekeyksa dks ,d
fo”ku iznku djsxhA
la;qDr jk"Vª O;kikj ,oa fodkl lEesyu (vadVkM)
(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development[-UNCTAD])
la;qDr jk"Vª O;kikj ,oa fodkl lEesyu (vadVkM) la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh ,d laLFkk gSA vadVkM dh LFkkiuk fnlacj
1964 esa la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk ikfjr izLrko ds varxZr dh xbZ FkhA bldh LFkkiuk fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa
esa O;kIr vlarks"k vkSj O;kikfjd varjky o`f¼] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa lgk;rk rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd lg;ksx esa lqèkkj
ykus ds fy;s dh xbZ FkhA
vadVkM la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh egklHkk dk ,d LFkk;h vax gS ijarq mldh Lo;a dh lgk;d laLFkk,¡ ,oa Lora=k
lfpoky; gSA bldk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~”kjySaM) esa gS rFkk orZeku esa bldh lnL; la[;k 195 gSA eq[khtk fdrqbZ
(dsU;k) blds orZeku izeq[k gSaA lEesyu dk vk;kstu izR;sd pkj o"kks± esa gksrk gSA blds lHkh lEesyuksa esa
vkbZ-,e-,iQ- dks LFkk;h izfrfufèkRo izkIr gSA vadVkM }kjk ikfjr izLrkoksa dks vkbZ-,e-,iQ- viuh uhfr;ksa esa iz;ksx djrk
jgk gSA ijarq vadVkM ds lq>ko ek=k jpukRed gksrs gSa] blds ikyu ds fy;s fdlh dks Hkh ckè; ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
vadVkM ds dqy 14 lEesyu gks pqds gSaA 14ok¡ lEesyu tqykbZ 2016 esa dsU;k dh jktèkkuh uSjksch esa vk;ksftr fd;k
x;k FkkA bldk 15ok¡ lEesyu 18 ls 23 vDVwcj 2020 dks fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k Fkk ysfdu dksjksuk egkekjh ds
dkj.k bl ij jksd yxk nh xbZ gSA
406
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
la;qDr jk"Vª 'kSf{kd] oSKkfud ,oa lkaLo`Qfrd laxBu (;wusLdks)
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation–UNESCO)
la;qDr jk"Vª 'kSf{kd] oSKkfud rFkk lkaLo`Qfrd laxBu (;wusLdks) ^la;qDr jk"Vª* dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd gSA ;wusLdks
dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1945 esa dh xbZ FkhA la;qDr jk"Vª iz.kkyh ds vU; vfHkdj.kksa esa ekuo fodkl dks c<+kok nsus rFkk
f'k{kk] izo`Qfr] lekt foKku] laLo`Qfr] oSKkfud 'kksèk ,oa lapkj ekè;eksa ls varjkZ"Vªh; 'kkafr rFkk lw>cw> dks c<+kok nsus
esa ;wusLdks dh izeq[k Hkwfedk gSA orZeku esa buds 193 lnL; ns'k rFkk 11 lg;ksxh ns'k gSaA bldk eq[;ky; isfjl (izQk¡l)
esa gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us ;wusLdks ds lg;ksx ds fy;s o"kZ 1949 esa ,d varfje ^Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vk;ksx* dk xBu fd;k gS]
ftls o"kZ 1951 esa LFkk;h Lo:i fn;k x;kA jk"Vªh; vk;ksx ;wusLdks ds dk;Z{ks=k esa vkus okys lHkh fo"k;ksa esa jk"Vªh; Lrj
ij lykgdkj] la;kstd vkSj laidZ ,tsalh ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA orZeku esa ;wusLdks dh Mk;jsDVj tujy ^vkanzs
vtksys* gSA
;wusLdks vkSj Hkkjr (UNESCO and India)
Hkkjr ;wusLdks dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh o"kZ 1946 ls dk;Zdkjh cksMZ ds lnL; ds :i esa yxkrkj fuokZfpr gksrk jgk
gSA ;wusLdks dk ubZ fnYyh dk;kZy; ,f'k;k esa bl laxBu dk izFke fodsanzho`Qr dk;kZy; gSA gkyk¡fd Hkkjr dks ,d
fodkl'khy ns'k dk ntkZ izkIr gS fiQj Hkh Hkkjr blds ctV esa Hkkjh ;ksxnku djrk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dk okf"kZd foÙkh;
;ksxnku ;wusLdks ds dqy ctV dk 0.5% gSA
bl le; Hkkjr ;wusLdks ds 19 vfHkle;ksa dk lnL; gS ftlesa izko`Qfrd ,oa lkaLo`Qfrd fojklr] f'k{kk rFkk ckSf¼d
laink vfèkdkj ls lacafèkr vfHkle; 'kkfey gSaA Hkkjr vkSj ;wusLdks] f'k{kk] foKku] laLo`Qfr] fojklr ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
ds ekè;e ls vfèkd 'kkafriw.kZ ,oa laiks"k.kh; fo'o dk fuekZ.k djus dk LokHkkfod lk>snkj gSaA
fo'ks"k rF;
zz;wusLdks fo'o fojklr LFky (World heritage site) ,sls fo'ks"k laj{k.k izkIr LFkkuksa dks dgk tkrk gS tks fo'o
fojklr LFky lfefr }kjk p;fur gksrs gSa vkSj ;gh lfefr bu LFkyksa dh ns[kjs[k ;wusLdks ds rÙoèkku esa djrh gSA
zzbl dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; fo'o ds ,sls LFkyksa dks p;fur ,oa lajf{kr djuk gksrk gS tks fo'o laLo`Qfr dh n`f"V
ls ekuork ds fy;s vlkèkkj.k :i ls egÙoiw.kZ gSA oqQN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,sls LFkyksa dks bl lfefr }kjk
vkfFkZd lgk;rk Hkh nh tkrh gSA
zzHkkjr dks fo'o èkjksgj lwph esa 14 uoacj] 1977 dks LFkku feykA
zzo"kZ 2016 rd ;wusLdks dh bl lwph esa Hkkjr ds 35 LFky lajf{kr FksA o"kZ 2017 esa bl lwph esa xqtjkr ds
vgenkckn 'kgj dks Hkkjr ds igys fo'o fojklr 'kgj ds :i esa 'kkfkey fd;k x;kA o"kZ 2018 esa eqacbZ dh
^foDVksfj;u xksfFkd* vkSj ^vkVZ Msdks* dks bl lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA orZeku esa ;wusLdks dh bl lwph esa
Hkkjr ds dqy 37 LFky gSaA buesa ls 29 dks lkaLo`Qfrd Js.kh tcfd 7 dks izko`Qfrd vkSj ,d dks fefJr Js.kh
esa LFkku izkIr gqvk gSA
zzeè; izns'k ds rhu LFky fo'o fojklr lwph esa 'kkfey gSa&
[ktqjkgks (o"kZ 1986 esa)
lk¡ph dk Lrwi (o"kZ 1989 esa)
HkhecsVdk dh xqiQk,¡ (o"kZ 2003 esa)
la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (United Nations Development Programme–UNDP)

la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (;w-,u-Mh-ih-) la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk ikfjr izLrko ds ckn o"kZ 1965 dks vfLrRo
esa vk;kA ;w-,u-Mh-ih- dk fuekZ.k ^rduhdh lgk;rk esa la;qDr jk"Vª dk foLrkfjr dk;ZØe (EPTA) rFkk ^la;qDr jk"Vª
407
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fo'ks"k dks"k* ds foy; ls gqvk gSA ;w-,u-Mh-ih- laiw.kZ ,f'k;k] vizQhdk] ySfVu vesfjdk] vjc txr rFkk ;wjksfi;u Hkkxksa
esa thou Lrj lqèkkjus rFkk vkfFkZd o`f¼ dh nj dks rhoz djus ds fy;s 188 ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa rFkk 36 varjkZ"Vªh;
vfHkdj.kksa ds lkFk feydj dk;Z djrk gSA bldk eq[;ky; U;w;kWdZ esa gSA
fo'ks"k rF;
zzla;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (UNDP) izfro"kZ ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ (Human Development Report) dk izdk'ku
djrk gSA
zzeè; izns'k Hkkjr dk igyk jkT; gS] ftlus o"kZ 1995 esa loZizFke jkT;Lrjh; ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ izdkf'kr dhA
zzekuo fodkl fjiksVZ 2019 (HDR–2019) esa Hkkjr us 189 ns'kksa dh lwph esa 129ok¡ LFkku izkIr fd;k gSA
zz2019 dh fjiksVZ esa ukWosZ 'kh"kZ ij gSA
zzekuo fodkl fjiksVZ (HDR) rhu vkèkkjksa ij cukbZ tkrh gS&
thou izR;k'kk
f'k{kk dk Lrj
thou dk Lrj
zzo"kZ 1990 esa ikfdLrkuh vFkZ'kkL=kh egcwc&my&gd us HDI lwpdkad fodflr fd;k FkkA izks- veR;Z lsu Hkh bl
lwpdkad ds fodkl esa lg;ksxh jgs gSaA
th&20 (G–20)
th–20 dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1999 esa foÙkh; LFkkf;Ro dks cuk, j[kus ds lkFk czsVuoqM~l laLFkkxr iz.kkyh dh :ijs[kk
ds Hkhrj vkus okys O;ofLFkr ,oa egÙoiw.kZ vkS|ksxhÑr vkSj fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk okys ns'kksa dks ,d eap ij ykdj
vukSipkfjd ckrphr ,oa lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s dh xbZ FkhA th–20 vius lnL; ns'kksa ds varjkZ"Vªh; vkfFkZd
lg;ksx vkSj foÙkh; eqn~nksa ij fu.kZ; djus ds fy;s izeq[k eap gSA blesa 19 ns'k vkSj ;wjksih; la?k lfEefyr gSaA
zzth–20 ds lnL; gSa& vts±Vhuk] vkWLVªsfy;k] czk”khy] dukMk] phu] Úk¡l] teZuh] Hkkjr] baMksusf'k;k] bVyh] tkiku] nf{k.k
dksfj;k] esfDldks] :l] lÅnh vjc] nf{k.k vÚhdk] rqdhZ] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] ;wjksih; la?kA
zzth–20 ds lnL; oSf'od ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx 85%] oSf'od O;kikj dk 75% vkSj fo'o dh vkcknh ds
nks&frgkbZ ls vfèkd dk izfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA
zzth–20 varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] vkfFkZd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu] la;qDr jk"Vª] fo'o O;kikj laxBu] fo'o cSad vkSj
foÙkh; fLFkjrk cksMZ ds lkFk feydj dk;Z djrk gSA vU; {ks=kh; laxBuksa dks Hkh th–20 dh izeq[k cSBdksa esa fgLlk
ysus ds fy;s vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA
th–20 f'k[kj lEesyu
1. 14–15 uoacj] 2008 okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
2. 2 vizSy] 2009 yanu] ;wukbVsM fdaXkMe
3. 24–25 flracj] 2009 fiV~lcxZ] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
4. 26–27 twu] 2010 VksjaVks] dukMk
5. 11–12 uoacj] 2010 fl;ksy] nf{k.k dksfj;k
6. 3–4 uoacj] 2011 dkUl] Úk¡l
7. 18–19 twu] 2012 ykWl dkcksl] esfDldks
8. 5–6 flracj] 2013 lsaV ihVlZcxZ] :l
408
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
9. 15–16 uoacj] 2014 fczlcsu] vkWLVªsfy;k
10. 15–16 uoacj] 2015 vaVkY;k] rqdhZ
11. 4–5 flracj] 2016 gkax>kÅ] phu
12. 7–8 tqykbZ] 2017 gSEcxZ] teZuh
13. 30 uoacj& 11 fnlacj 2018 C;wul vk;lZ] vts±Vhuk
14. 28–29 twu] 2019 vkslkdk] tkiku
15. 21–22 uoacj] 2020 (laHkkfor) fj;kn] lmQnh vjc
lkdZ] fczDl] fcElVsd] vkfl;ku] ,isd] 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu

(SAARC, BRICS, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, APEC, SCO)
nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx laxBu (lkdZ)
(South Asian Association for Regional Co–operation–SAARC)
nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx laxBu (n{ksl) nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds vkB ns'kksa dk vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd {ks=kh; laxBu
gSA bldh LFkkiuk 8 fnlacj] 1985 dks <kdk esa Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k] Jhyadk] usiky] ekynho] ikfdLrku vkSj HkwVku us
feydj ikjLifjd lacaèkksa dks lqèkkjus] {ks=kh; leL;kvksa ds lekèkku rFkk eq[; :i ls vkfFkZd lg;ksx ,oa lgvfLrRo
fodkl ds fy;s lkewfgd iz;kl ds :i esa dhA vizSy 2007 esa lkdZ ds 14osa f'k[kj lEesyu esa viQxkfuLrku bldk
vkBok¡ lnL; cu x;k gSA bldk eq[;ky; dkBekaMw (usiky) esa fLFkr gSA vkWLVªsfy;k] phu] ;wjksih; la?k] bZjku] tkiku]
ekWjh'kl] E;kaekj] nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dks lkdZ esa i;Zos{kd jk"Vª dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA
lkdZ % fo'ks"k rF;
zzlkdZ fnol izR;sd o"kZ 8 fnlacj dks euk;k tkrk gSA
zzn'kd 2010–20 dks ^var{ksZ=kh; laidZ n'kd* ds :i esa euk;k tk jgk gSA
zznf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ fo'ofo|ky; & ubZ fnYyh
zzlkdZ vkink izcaèku dsanz & xkaèkhuxj] xqtjkr
zzlkdZ ÅtkZ dsanz & bLykekckn (ikfdLrku)
zzlkdZ lwpuk dsanz & usiky
zzlkdZ ekuo lalkèku fodkl dsanz & bLykekckn (ikfdLrku)
zzlkdZ LFkkfir djus dk izLrko ckaXykns'k ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr ft;k&mj&jgeku us fn;k FkkA mUgsa lkoZQ dh LFkkiuk dk
Js; fn;k tkrk gSA
zzvetn gqlSu ch- flvky (ikfdLrku) lkdZ ds orZeku lsØsVjh tujy gSaA
zzo"kZ 2016–17 dks ^lkaLÑfrd fodkl ds n{ksl o"kZ* (SAARC Year of Cultural Heritage) ds :i esa eukus
dk iQSlyk fy;k x;k FkkA
zzlkoZQ dk 19ok¡ f'k[kj lEesyu o"kZ 2016 esa ikfdLrku dh jktèkkuh bLykekckn esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk fdarq
lnL; ns'kksa osQ eè; ruko osQ pyrs LFkfxr gks x;kA
fczDl (BRICS)
fczDl ik¡p izeq[k mHkjrh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkk okys ns'kksa dk lewg gS] tgk¡ fo'oHkj dh yxHkx 43% vkcknh jgrh gS]
fczd dk ukedj.k blds lnL; ns'kksa ds uke ds igys v{kj ;Fkkµ B–Brazil, R–Russia, I–India, C–China ls gqvk]
ckn esa o"kZ 2011 esa nf{k.k vÚhdk (SA) ds bl laxBu ds tqM+us ds lkFk gh bldk uke fczDl gks x;kA
409
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fczd 'kCn dk igyh ckj iz;ksx o"kZ 2001 esa xksYMeSu lS'k ds fte vks- uhy us fd;kA ,d vkSipkfjd vkfFkZd
lewg ds :i esa lsaV ihV~lcxZ esa tqykbZ 2006 esa th&8 vkmVjhp f'k[kj lEesyu ds volj ij :l] Hkkjr vkSj phu
ds usrkvksa dh cSBd ds ckn fczd dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA U;w;kWdZ esa flracj 2008 esa la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk ds volj ij fczd
lewg ds fons'k eaf=k;ksa dh izFke cSBd esa fczd dks vkSipkfjd :i iznku fd;k x;kA ^fczd izFke f'k[kj lEesyu* dk
vk;kstu :l ds ;sdkVsfjucxZ (:l) 'kgj esa 16 twu] 2009 dks fd;k x;kA
Ø-la- fiNys f'k[kj lEesyuksa dk C;kSjk
1. izFke fczd f'k[kj lEesyu & 16 twu] 2009] :l (;sdkVsfjucxZ)
2. f}rh; fczd f'k[kj lEesyu & 16 vizSy] 2010] czk”khy (czklhfy;k esa)
3. r`rh; fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 14 vizSy] 2011] phu (lkU;k)
4. pkSFkk fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 29 ekpZ] 2012] Hkkjr (ubZ fnYyh)
5. ik¡pok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 26–27 ekpZ] 2013] nf{k.k vÚhdk (McZu)
6. NBk fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 14–16 tqykbZ] 2014 czk”khy (iQksVZystk)
7. lkrok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 8–9 tqykbZ] 2015] :l (ÅiQk)
8. vkBok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 15–16 vDVwcj] 2016] Hkkjr (xksok)
9. ukSok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 3–5 flracj 2017] f'k;kesu (phu)
10. nlok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 25–27 tqykbZ 2018] tksgkalcxZ (nf{k.k vÚhdk)
11. X;kjgok¡ fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu & 13&14 uoacj 2019] czkflfy;k (czk”khy)
uksV% 2020 esa 12osa fczDl f'k[kj lEesyu dk vk;kstu lsaVfiV~lcxZ (:l) esa fd;k tk,xkA
* izR;sd lnL; ns'k o.kkZuqØe ds pØh; O;oLFkk }kjk vè;{krk ,oa f'k[kj lEesyu dh es”kckuh izkIr djrk gSA
fcElVsd (BIMSTEC)
fcElVsd dh LFkkiuk twu] 1997 esa cSadkd lEesyu esa pkj lnL; ns'k Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k] Jhyadk ,oa FkkbZySaM }kjk
dh xbZA izkjaHk esa bls fcLVsd (BISTEC) dgk tkrk FkkA uoacj 1997 esa E;k¡ekj ds 'kkfey gksus ij fcElVsd (Bangladesh,
India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Co–operation) dgk tkus yxkA o"kZ 2004 esa usiky ,oa HkwVku
ds 'kkfey gksus ds ckn bldk uke cnydj caxky dh [kkM+h cgq&{ks=kh; rduhdh vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx miØe (Bay
of Bengal Initiative for Multi–sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) fd;k x;k gSA blesa 'kkfey 7
lnL;ksa esa ls 5 ns'k n{ksl ds Hkh lnL; gSaA
fcElVsd lkr ns'kksa dk ,d mi&{ks=kh; eap gS] ftlls vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd] rduhdh ,oa lkekftd {ks=k esa nf{k.k
,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds eè; ,d lsrq ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy;s xfBr fd;k x;k gSA bldk lfpoky;
<kdk (ckaXykns'k) esa fLFkr gSA
nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ jk"Vª la?k (vkfl;ku)

(Association of South–East Asian Nations– ASEAN)
vkfl;ku nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa }kjk xfBr ,d vlSfud] vkfFkZd xSj&lqj{kkRed rFkk lkaLÑfrd {ks=kh; laxBu
gSA bldh LFkkiuk cSadkd ?kks"k.kki=k ds }kjk 8 vxLr] 1967 dks gqbZA bldk eq[;ky; tdkrkZ] baMksusf'k;k esa gSA orZeku
410
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
esa blds dqy 10 lnL; gSa& eysf'k;k] flaxkiqj] baMksusf'k;k] fiQyhihal] FkkbZySaM] dacksfM;k] E;k¡ekj] czqusbZ] ykvksl ,oa
fo;rukeA Hkkjr] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] phu vkSj :l lfgr blds 10 iw.kZ okrkZ Hkkxhnkj ns'k] 4 {ks=kh; okrkZ Hkkxhnkj
ns'k vkSj 1 fodkl Hkkxhnkj ns'k lnL; gSaA bldk xBu nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa vkfFkZd fodkl rhoz djus] lkekftd vkSj
lkaLÑfrd fodkl lqfuf'pr djus rFkk 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk dks izksRlkfgr djus ds mn~ns'; ls fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr 90 ds n'kd ls gh îwoZ dh vksj ns[kks* (Look East Policy) uhfr dk voyacu djrk vk jgk gSA bl uhfr
ds rgr gh Hkkjr] vkfl;ku dks egÙoiw.kZ O;kikj lk>hnkj ekurs gq, ldkjkRed lacaèk LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl djrk
jgk gSA blh dM+h esa o"kZ 2002 ls izfro"kZ Hkkjr&vkfl;ku lEesyu gksrk jgk gSA
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds vkdkj ds vkèkkj ij orZeku esa vkfl;ku dh la;qDr vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dh NBh lcls cM+h
vFkZO;oLFkk gS rFkk bldh oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 3.3 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA izfl¼ izcaèku ijke'kZnkrk eSfdUls
ds vuqlkj 2050 esa vkfl;ku dh la;qDr vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dh pkSFkh cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gksxhA vkfl;ku orZeku esa phu
,oa Hkkjr ds i'pkr~ rhljk lcls cM+k Je ck”kkj (Labour Market) gSA vkfl;ku dh tula[;k yxHkx 65 djksM+ gS]
tks ;wjksih; la?k ,oa mÙkj vesfjdk dh tula[;k ls Hkh vfèkd gSA vkfl;ku orZeku esa ;wjksih; la?k] mÙkj vesfjdk ,oa
phu ds i'pkr~ pkSFkk cM+k fu;kZrd {ks=k gSA bldk fo'o O;kikj esa 7 izfr'kr ls vfèkd ;ksxnku gS] tks blds c<+rs
vk£Fkd egÙo dh vksj ladsr djrk gSA
,f'k;k&iz'kkar vkfFkZd lg;ksx (,isd) (Asia–Pacific Economic Co–operation–APEC)

,f'k;k&iz'kkar vkfFkZd lg;ksx dh LFkkiuk uoacj 1989 esa gqbZ FkhA bldk eq[;ky; flaxkiqj esa fLFkr gSA ,isd esa
,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks=k ds eè; dqy 21 ns'k lnL; gSaA Hkkjr vHkh bl laxBu dk lnL; ugha cuk gSA ,isd us o"kZ 2020
rd ,f'k;k iz'kkar {ks=k dks Lora=k O;kikj {ks=k cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS tks fo'o dk lcls cM+k Lora=k {ks=k gksxkA
,isd ds lnL; ns'k
vkWLVªsfy;k] cqzusbZ] dukMk] baMksusf'k;k] tkiku] nf{k.k dksfj;k] eysf'k;k] U;w”khySaM] fiQyhihUl] flaxkiqj] FkkbySaM]
vesfjdk] rkboku] gkWUxdkWUx] phu] eSfDldks] ikiqvk] U;wfxuh] fpyh] iw:] :l ,oa fo;rukeA
'ak?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu (Shanghai Co–operation Organisation–SCO)

'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu dh LFkkiuk {ks=kh; vkradoknh [krjksa ls fuiVus vkSj ;wjsf'k;kbZ {ks=k esa jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd]
lSU; vkSj lqj{kk lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds mn~ns'; ls o"kZ 2001 esa dh xbZ FkhA 'kq#vkr esa :l] phu] d”kkfdLrku]
fdfxZLrku] r”kkfdLrku vkSj m”csfdLrku blds laLFkkid lnL; cusA
mTcsfdLrku dh jktèkkuh rk'kdan esa 23–24 twu] 2017 dks 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu ds nkSjku Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku
nksuksa dks bldh lnL;rk fey xbZ gSA phu ds izHkqRo okys laxBu dh lnL;rk ls Hkkjr dks vkradokn ls eqdkcyk djus
ds lkFk gh lqj{kk vkSj j{kk ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa ij O;kid rjhds ls viuh ckr dgus esa enn feysxhA
nqfu;k esa lokZfèkd ÅtkZ [kir okys ns'kksa esa 'kkfey Hkkjr ,l-lh-vks- dk lnL; cuus ds ckn eè; ,f'k;k esa cM+h
xSl vkSj rsy vUos"k.k ifj;kstukvksa esa viuh iSB c<+k ldrk gS] ;g {ks=k rsy izpqj {ks=k gSA
zzbldk eq[;ky; chftax] phu esa gSA
zzorZeku esa jkf'kn vyhekso 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu ds egklfpo gSaA
zz'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu dk 18ok¡ f'k[kj lEesyu twu] 2018 ds phu ds fdaxnkvks izkIr esa vk;ksftr fd;k FkkA 19osa
f'k[kj lEesyu dk vk;kstu twu 2019 esa fdfxZLRkku esa gksxkA
411
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
U;w MsoyiesaV cSad (fczDl cSad)] ,f'k;kbZ volajpuk fuos'k cSad]
,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad [New Development Bank (BRICS Bank), Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank– (AIIB), Asian Development Bank–
(ADB)]
U;w MsoyiesaV cSad (fczDl cSad)
[New Development Bank (BRICS Bank)]
U;w MsoyiesaV cSad (NDB) ftls igys fczDl cSad (BRICS
Banks) ds vukSipkfjd uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk] fczDl lewg ds
}kjk LFkkfir uohu fodkl cSad dk vkfèkdkfjd uke gSA bldh
LFkkiuk tqykbZ 2014 esa czk”khy ds iQksVZys”kk esa gqbZA 100 vjc
MkWyj dh izkjafHkd vfèkÑr iwath ds lkFk u;k cSad LFkkfir fd;k U;w fodkl cSad (fczDl cSad) esa dkSu fdruk iaQM nsxk (lHkh
x;kA bldk eq[;ky; 'ka?kkbZ (phu) esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA jkf'k fcfy;u MkWyj esa)
bldk ,d {ks=kh; dk;kZy; nf{k.k vÚhdk ds tksUlcxZ esa Hkh
fLFkr gSA bldk izFke vè;{k Hkkjr osQ ds-oh- dkeFk dks cuk;k x;k gSA cSad dk eq[; iz'kklfud vfèkdkjh bldk
vè;{k gksrk gS] ftldk fu;qfDr 5 o"kks± ds fy;s tkrh gSA vU; lnL; ns'kksa }kjk ,d&,d mikè;{k dh fu;qfDr Hkh dh
tkrh gSA
U;w MsoyiesaV cSad dk mn~ns'; fczDl ns'kksa vkSj vU; mHkjrh ,oa fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh lrr~ fodkl dh
ewyHkwr ifj;kstukvksa dks foÙkh; lalkèku miyCèk djkuk gSA
,f'k;kbZ volajpuk fuos'k cSad

(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank–AIIB)
zz^,f'k;kbZ volajpuk fuos'k cSad* ,d cgqi{kh; varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkku gS] ftldk eq[; mís'; ,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks=k
esa volajpuk fodkl dks izksRlkgu iznku djuk gSA cSad }kjk fuEu nks è;s; fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSa%&
laiks"k.kh; vk£Fkd lao`f¼ dks c<+kok nsuk] volajpuk rFkk vU; mRiknd {ks=kksa esa fuos'k ds ekè;e ls ,f'k;k esa
laink dk l`tu rFkk volajpuk laidZ esa lqèkkj djukA
{ks=kh; lg;ksx ,oa Hkkxhnkjh dks izksRlkgu iznku djukA
zz,f'k;kbZ volajpuk fuos'k cSad dh LFkkiuk dk izLrko igyh ckj pkbuk lsaVj iQkWj baVjus'kuy bdksukWfeDl uked
phuh ¯Fkd VSad ds mikè;{k }kjk vizSy 2009 esa cksvkoks iQksje (Boao Forum) esa izLrqr fd;k x;kA
zz,f'k;kbZ volajpuk fuos'k cSad dk eq[;ky; phu dh jktèkkuh chftax esa fLFkr gSA orZeku esa cSad esa dqy esacjf'ki 102
gS] ftuesa 80 esaclZ vkSj 22 çksLisfDVo esaclZ 'kkfey gSa rFkk vU; ns'kksa }kjk cSad dh lnL;rk ds fy;s fopkj&foe'kZ
py jgk gSA vesfjdk ,oa tkiku dks NksM+dj fo'o ds yxHkx lHkh fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk okys ns'k
cSad esa 'kkfey gSaA
,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (Asian Development Bank, ADB)

,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad ,d cgqi{kh; foÙkh; laLFkku gSA bldh LFkkiuk 19 fnlacj] 1966 dks ,f'k;k vkSj iz'kkar {ks=kksa
esa vkfFkZd fodkl dks izksRlkgu nsus ds mn~ns'; ls dh xbZ gSA bldk eq[;ky; euhyk (fiQyhihal) esa fLFkr gSA ;g
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
cSad ,f'k;k vkSj lqnwj iwoZ {ks=k ds fy;s la;qDr jk"Vª vk£Fkd vk;ksx (UN Economic Commission for Asia & the Far
East) vkSj xSj {ks=kh; fodflr ns'kksa dks lnL; ds :i esa 'kkfey djrk gSA orZeku esa ,-Mh-ch- esa dqy 68 lnL;
(49,f'k;k iz'kkar {ks=k rFkk 19 ckgjh) ns'k gSaA o"kZ 2019 esa iz'kkar egklkxj esa fLFkr }hih; ns'k fu;w (Niue) bl
laLFkku dk uohure (68ok¡) lnL; cukA
,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (ADB) esa Hkh oYMZ cSad ds leku Hkkfjr oksV iz.kkyh dh O;oLFkk gS] ftlesa oksVksa dk forj.k
lnL;ksa dh iwath vuqnku vuqikr ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa vesfjdk vkSj tkiku ds ikl 'ks;jksa dk lcls
cM+k Hkkx gSA ,-Mh-ch- dk vè;{k in fdlh tkikuh dks gh fn;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa blds vè;{k rkdsfgdks ukdkvks gSaA
lajpuk (Structure)
cSad dh loksZPp uhfr fuèkkZjd laLFkk lnL; ns'kksa ds izfrfufèk;ksa ls feydj cuk cksMZ vkWiQ xouZlZ gSA xouZj cksMZ
ds vfèkdka'k vfèkdkj 12 lnL;ksa okys funs'kd cksMZ dks izR;k;ksftr dj fn;s tkrs gSaA 12 lnL;ksa esa ls 8 lnL;
,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks=k ls vkSj 'ks"k 4 vU; {ks=kksa ls pqus tkrs gSaA cSad ds vè;{k dk pquko cksMZ vkWiQ xouZj gh djrk gSA
cSad vè;{k dk dk;Zdky 5 o"kZ dk gksrk gSA
Hkkjr vkSj ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (India and Asian Development Bank)
o"kZ 1966 ls gh Hkkjr ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad dk laLFkkid lnL; gSA Hkkjr us o"kZ 1986 ls volajpuk fodkl ,oa
xjhch mUewyu djus ds uhfrxr iz;klksa esa lgk;rk izkIr dh gSA tkiku] vesfjdk vkSj phu ds i'pkr~ Hkkjr ,-Mh-ch- dk
pkSFkk lcls cM+k 'ks;jèkkjd (yxHkx 6.3%) gSA foÙk ea=kky; ,-Mh-ch- ls tqM+s ekeyksa dks ns[krk gSA Hkkjr] cSad ds
funs'kd eaMy dk dk;Zdkjh funs'kd gSA blds vfèkdkj {ks=k esa Hkkjr] HkwVku] ckaXykns'k] ykvks ih-Mh-vkj- vkSj r”kkfdLrku
Hkh 'kkfey gSaA Hkkjr ds foÙk ea=kh ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad ds cksMZ vkWiQ xouZlZ esa Hkkjr ds xouZj gSaA orZeku esa Hkkjr esa
,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad ds lg;ksx ls 699 ls vfèkd ;kstuk,¡ py jgh gSaA o"kZ 1986 ls ,-Mh-ch- us Hkkjr dks 38.9
fcfy;u MkWyj ds 229 laizHkq Í.k miyCèk djk, gSaA orZeku esa daVªh ikVZujf'ki LVªSVsth] 2018–2022 (Country
Partnership Strategy, 2018–2022) ds vkèkkj ij ,-Mh-ch- Hkkjr dks lg;ksx ns jgk gSA ;g j.kuhfr (Strategy) N%
{ks=kksa (ifjogu] ÅtkZ] 'kgjh] lkoZtfud {ks=k dk izcaèku] Ñf"k ,oa izkÑfrd xSl) ds fodkl ij vkèkkfjr gSA
xqV&fujis{k vkanksyu] ukVks (Non–Aligned Movement, NATO)

xqV&fujis{k vkanksyu (Non–Aligned Movement–NAM)
fdlh Hkh ns'k }kjk lkekU; ;k fof'k"V rkSj ij fdlh vU; ns'k ;k ns'kksa ds xqVksa ds lkFk lSU; le>kSrs ls [kqn dks
vyx j[kus dh uhfr dks xqVfujis{krk dh uhfr dgk tkrk gSA viuh Lora=krk dks v{kq..k cuk, j[kus ds fy;s uo Lora=k
jk"Vªksa us vesfjdk o lksfo;r la?k ds 'khr ;q¼ esa fdlh Hkh xqV (lSU; egk'kfDr) ls u tqM+dj i`Fkd~ jgus dh uhfr
viukbZA Hkkjr ds izFke izèkkuea=kh tokgjyky usg:] ;wxksLykfo;k ds rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr tkslsiQ VhVks] baMksusf'k;k ds iwoZ
jk"Vªifr lqd.kks±] ?kkuk ds izFke jk"Vªifr Dokes uØwekg] feJ ds jk"Vªifr teky vCnsy ukflj vkSj fo;ruke ds gks ph
feUg us xqVfujis{k vkanksyu dh vxqokbZ dhA
xqVfujis{k vkanksyu esa vÚhdk] ,f'k;k] ySfVu vesfjdh ns'k 'kkfey gSa tks mifuos'kokn dk f'kdkj jgs gSaA bldh
vkèkkjf'kyk 1955 esa ckaMqx lEesyu esa j[kh xbZ FkhA orZeku esa bldh lnL; la[;k 120 rFkk 17 jk"Vªksa dks i;Zos{kd
jk"Vª dk ntkZ iznku fd;k x;k gSA bl vkanksyu dk ukedj.k 1961 bZ- esa csyxzsM esa ^xqV&fujis{k vkanksyu* (Non
Alighned Movement–NAM) j[kk x;kA o"kZ 1961 ls izR;sd rhu o"kZ ds varjky ij bldk lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k
tkrk gSA o"kZ 2016 esa iksjykekj] osustq,yk esa 17osa xqVfujis{k lEesyu dk vk;kstu gqvk FkkA 18osa xqV fujis{k lEesyu
dk vk;kstu o"kZ 2019 esa vtjcStku esa fd;k tk,xkA
413
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mÙkjh vVykafVd lafèk laxBu (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation–NATO)
mÙkjh vVykafVd lafèk laxBu (UkkVks) lSfud] vkfFkZd vkSj oSKkfud {ks=kksa esa lg;ksx ,oa ijke'kZ ds ekè;e ls ;wjksi
vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk ds 30 ns'kksa dks mudh lkewfgd lqj{kk ds fy;s ,dtqV djrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk 4 vizSy] 1949
dks okf'kaxVu lafèk ij gLrk{kj djus ds lkFk gqbZA bldk eq[;ky; czqlsYl] csfYt;e esa gSA orZeku esa oqQy 30 lnL;
ns'k gSaA lkE;oknh lkezkT;okn dk Hk; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk cuk, j[kus ds fy;s lksfo;r la?k ds foLrkjokn
ds fo#¼ la;qDr jk"Vª dh liQyrk ds izfr xaHkhj 'kadk eq[; :i ls lSfud laxBu ukVks dks tUe nsus ds fy;s mÙkjnk;h
dkjd cusA vesfjdk bl laxBu dk lcls 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª gSA
lnL; ns'k (Members country)
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] vyckfu;k] csfYt;e] cqYxkfj;k] dukMk] Øks,f'k;k] psd x.kjkT;] MsuekdZ] ,LVksfu;k] izQk¡l]
teZuh] ;wuku] gaxjh] vkblySaM] bVyh] fyFkqvkfu;k] ykVfo;k] yD”kecxZ] uhnjySaM] ukWosZ] iksySaM] iqrZxky] jksekfu;k]
Lyksokfd;k] Lyksosfu;k] Lisu] rqdhZ] ;wukbVsM fdaXkMe vkSj mÙkjh eSlhMksfu;kA
vU; izeq[k varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu ,oa lewg

(Other Major International Organizations and Groups)
fo'o vk£Fkd eap (World Economic Forum)

zzfo'o vk£Fkd eap lkoZtfud&futh lg;ksx (Public-Private Cooperation) ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu gSA
zz;g eap ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh laLFkk gS] ftldh LFkkiuk teZuh esa tUes tsusok fo'ofo|ky; ds çksisQlj Dykml 'okc
(Klaus Schwab) }kjk o"kZ 1971 esa ;wjksih; çcaèku iQksje ds :i esa fLoV~”kjySaM ds tsusok esa dh xbZA
zzeap dh LFkkiuk ds le; bldk eq[; mís'; vesfjdh daifu;ksa dh Hkk¡fr ;wjksih; daifu;ksa esa csgrj çcaèku laLÑfr
dk fodkl djuk FkkA
zz1973 esa vjc&b”kjkby ;q¼ rFkk czsVu oqM~l fLFkj fofue; nj ra=k (Fixed Exchange Rate Mechanism) dh
foiQyrk ds dkj.k tuojh 1974 esa bldh ok£"kd cSBd esa igyh ckj jktusrkvksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;k x;kA o"kZ 1987
esa bl laLFkk dk uke fo'o vk£Fkd eap j[kk x;kA bldk eq[;ky; tsusok esa fLFkr gSA
zzfo'o vk£Fkd eap dh ok£"kd cSBd dk vk;kstu fLoV~”kjySaM ds nkoksl esa çR;sd o"kZ tuojh esa fd;k tkrk gS]
ftlesa fo'o ds fofHkUu ns'kksa ds jktusrk eq[;r% foÙk ,oa O;kikj ea=kh] dsanzh; cSadksa ds xouZj] vFkZ'kkL=kh] futh
daifu;ksa ds çeq[k rFkk ukxfjd lekt ds lnL; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
zzok£"kd cSBd esa oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh orZeku fLFkfr rFkk fofHkUu jktuhfrd] vk£Fkd ,oa lkekftd eqn~nksa ij
fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k tkrk gSA
zzfo'o vk£Fkd eap dh 49oha ok£"kd cSBd dk vk;kstu 22 ls 25 tuojh] 2019 ds eè; nkoksl esa fd;k x;kA bl
cSBd dh Fkhe (Theme) Fkh& “Globalization 4.0 : Shaping a Global Architecture in the Age of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution”A blesa dbZ fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ dh xbZ tSls fd vFkZO;oLFkk dk Hkfo";] i;kZoj.k ds eqís]
fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk] ehfM;k Lora=krk vkSj MsVk ç'kkluA
zzfo'o vk£Fkd eap }kjk le;≤ ij fofHkUu fjiksVks± dk çdk'ku fd;k tkrk gS] tks fHkUu&fHkUu fo"k;ksa] tSls&
fodkl] ÅtkZ] lekos'ku] çfrLièkkZ bR;kfn ls lacafèkr gksrh gSaA bl laxBu }kjk fiNys dqN le; esa çdkf'kr fjiksV~lZ
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
;k=kk vkSj i;ZVu çfrLièkkZRedrk fjiksVZ&2017 (The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report–2017)

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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lekos'kh
fodkl lwpdkad fjiksVZ–2018 (The Inclusive Development Index Report–2018)
oSf'od ySafxd varjky fjiksVZ&2018 (The Global Gender Gap Report–2018)
oSf'od tksf[ke fjiksVZ&2019 (The Global Risks Report–2019)
vk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu

(Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development–OECD)
zzvk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu ,d varj&ljdkjh vk£Fkd laxBu gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1961 esa vk£Fkd izxfr ,oa
fo'o O;kikj dks izksRlkgu iznku djus ds mís'; ls dh xbZ FkhA orZeku esa blds 37 lnL; ns'k gSa] tks fo'o dh
izeq[k fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk okys gSaA laxBu dk eq[;ky; izQk¡l ds isfjl 'kgj esa fLFkr gSA
zzvkfFkZd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu ,d fFkad VSad vFkok ekWuhVfjax lewg dh Hkk¡fr dk;Z djrk gSA blds dk;ks±
esa lnL; ns'kksa esa jgus ds ekudksa esa o`f¼] fo'o O;kikj dk foLrkj] vk£Fkd fLFkjrk dks c<+kok] xjhch mUewyu]
lkekftd fodkl ds i;kZoj.kh; izHkkoksa dk vkdyu bR;kfn izeq[k gSaA
zzvk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu us ;wjksih; vk£Fkd lg;ksx laxBu dks izfrLFkkfir fd;k gS] ftldh LFkkiuk
1948 esa ek'kZy ;kstuk ds varxZr ;wjksih; vFkZO;oLFkk ds iqu#¼kj ds iz;klksa dks lefUor djus ds mís'; ls dh
xbZ FkhA ;g iw.kZr% ;wjksih; laxBu Fkk] ftlesa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ,oa dukMk ek=k lgHkkxh lnL; Fks] 1961 esa
tc vk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ rks blds ekè;e ls iwoZorhZ laxBu dh lajpuk ,oa
izÑfr esa ifjorZu fd;k x;kA
zzorZeku esa fuEufyf[kr ns'k vk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu ds lnL; gSa%& vkWfLVª;k] csfYt;e] dukMk] MsuekdZ]
izQk¡l] xzhl] teZuh] vkWLVsªfy;k] fpyh] psd x.kjkT;] ,LVksfu;k] fiQuySaM] gaxjh] vkblySaM] vk;jySaM] b”kjkby]
bVyh] tkiku] nf{k.k dksfj;k] yD”kecxZ] ykrfo;k] fyFkqvkfu;k] esfDldks] uhnjySaM] U;w”khySaM] ukWosZ] iksySaM] iqrZxky]
Lyksosfu;k] Lyksokfd;k] Lisu] LohMu] fLoV~”kjySaM] rqdhZ] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,oa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdkA
uksV% OECD Countries agree to invite colombia as 37th member.
zzOECD orZeku esa foÙkh; dk;Zokgh dk;Zcy (Financial Action Task Force) ds lkFk feydj èku 'kksèku (Money
Laundering) ,oa vkradh foÙkiks"k.k (Terrorist Funding) ds fu;a=k.k gsrq iz;kljr gSA
zzOECD us cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa }kjk dj oapu (Tax Evasion) ds iz;klksa dks jksdus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
OECD }kjk ch-bZ-ih-,l- (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) dh leL;k ds lekèkku ds fy;s 15 lw=kh dk;Z;kstuk
izLrqr dh xbZ gSA OECD ds vuqlkj ch-bZ-ih-,l- dh o”kg ls fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk dks izfr o"kZ yxHkx 100–200
fcfy;u MkWyj dk uqdlku gksrk gSA
zzorZeku esa Hkkjr OECD dk lnL; ugha gSA ysfdu Hkkjr ,oa OECD ds eè; vc rd ldkjkRed lacaèk jgs gSaA
Hkkjr OECD ds lnL; ns'kksa ds vfrfjDr mu xSj&lnL; ns'kksa esa ,d gS] ftlds OECD ls dk;Zdkjh lacaèk gSaA
OECD Hkkjr ds lkFk 1995 ls lg;ksx dj jgk gSA
foÙkh; dk;Zokgh dk;Zcy

(Financial Action Task Force–FATF)
zzfoÙkh; dk;Zokgh dk;Zcy ,d varj&ljdkjh fudk; (Inter-governmental Body) gS] ftldh LFkkiuk 1989 eas
lewg&7 (G–7) ds f'k[kj lEesyu esa èku 'kksèku (Money Laundering) dh leL;k ds lekèkku ds fy;s dh xbZ FkhA
o"kZ 2001 esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa gq, vkradoknh geys ds i'pkr~ bls vkradh foÙkiks"k.k ,oa lacafèkr xfrfofèk;ksa
dh jksdFkke dk vfèkns'k iznku fd;k x;k gSA
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zzorZeku esa FATF ds 37 ns'k rFkk 2 {ks=kh; laxBu (;wjksih; vk;ksx ,oa [kkM+h lg;ksx ifj"kn~) lnL; gSaA
zzFATF dk eq[;ky;] ftls ^lfpoky;* dgk tkrk gS vk£Fkd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBu (OECD) ds isfjl fLFkr
eq[;ky; esa gSA
zzèku 'kksèku] vkradh foÙkiks"k.k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; iz.kkyh dh v[kaMrk (Integrity) ls lacafèkr vU; [+krjksa ls
fuiVus ds fy;s ekudksa dk fuèkkZj.k djuk rFkk oSèkkfud] fu;kedh; ,oa ifjpkyu mik;ksa ds izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u dks
izksRlkgu nsuk foÙkh; dk;Zokgh dk;Zcy (FATF) dk eq[; mís'; gSA
zzHkkjr dks o"kZ 2006 esa dk;Zcy ds i;Zos{kd lnL; dk rFkk o"kZ 2010 esa iw.kZ lnL; dk ntkZ iznku fd;k x;kA
varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; O;oLFkk esa Hkkjr dh cM+h Hkwfedk ds fy;s dk;Zcy esa Hkkjr dh lnL;rk cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA ;g
Hkkjr dks vkradokn ls fuiVus rFkk vkradh èku dk irk yxkus] èku 'kksèku rFkk vkradh foÙkiks"k.k vijkèkksa dh tk¡p
djus ,oa eqdnek pykus esa lgk;d gksxkA
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu (Food and Agriculture Organization–FAO)

zz^[kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu* la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh fof'k"V ,tsalh gS] tks varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkw[k (Hunger) dh leL;k
ls fuiVus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
zzlaxBu dk eq[;ky; bVyh ds jkse esa fLFkr gSA laxBu esa orZeku esa 194 lnL; ns'k] ,d lnL; laxBu ;wjksih;
la?k ,oa 2 vU; i;Zos{kd lnL; ns'k 'kkfey gSaA
zzvkSipkfjd :i ls FAO dh LFkkiuk 16 vDrwcj] 1945 dks dukMk ds D;wcsd esa FAO lEesyu ds çFke vfèkos'ku
ds nkSjku dh xbZA
zz[kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu }kjk fuEufyf[kr rhu y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSa&
Hkw[k] [kk| vlqj{kk ,oa oqQiks"k.k dk mUewyu_
xjhch mUewyu rFkk lHkh ds fy;s vk£Fkd ,oa lkekftd izxfr dks c<+kok nsuk_
orZeku rFkk Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa (Future Generations) ds ykHk ds fy;s izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa] tSls&Hkwfe] ty] ok;q ,oa
vkuqoaf'kd lalkèkuksa dk laiks"k.kh; izcaèku ,oa mi;ksxA
zzlaxBu }kjk fd;s tkus okys dk;ks± dks laxBu ds lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn&1 esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] ftlds vuqlkj
laxBu }kjk fuEu dk;ks± dk laiknu fd;k tkrk gS&
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k ls lacafèkr lwpukvksa dk laxzg.k] fo'ys"k.k ,oa izpkj_
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k ls lacafèkr uhfr;ksa ds fuekZ.k rFkk fu;kstu gsrq ljdkjksa dks lykg iznku djuk_
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa ij fopkj&foe'kZ gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; eap dh Hkwfedk fuHkkuk_
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k ls lacafèkr varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa dks vuqefr iznku djuk_
Ñf"k ds fodkl gsrq izR;{k lgk;rk iznku djuk_
ekuo fufeZr vFkok izkÑfrd vkinkvksa] tSls& ;q¼] lw[kk] dhV laØe.k tSls ladV ds le; [kk|kUu mRiknu
,oa forj.k ckfèkr gksus ij jkgr iznku djukA
mi;qZDr dk;ks± ds vfrfjDr laxBu Ñf"k esa fuos'k dks izksRlkgu] i'kq laink ,oa iQlyksa dh mRikndrk esa lqèkkj]
Ñf"k 'kksèk dk foLrkj rFkk fodkl'khy ,oa vYifodflr ns'kksa dks Ñf"k rduhdh ds gLrkarj.k esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkk jgk gSA
zz[kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu }kjk fofHkUu fo"k;ksa] tSls& Ñf"k ck”kkj] [kk| lqj{kk] i'kqikyu] eRL; ikyu] e`nk lalkèku] ou
lalkèku bR;kfn ij fjiksVks± dk izdk'ku fd;k tkrk gSA laxBu }kjk izdkf'kr izeq[k fjiksV±s fuEufyf[kr gSa&
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Ñf"k mRikn ck”kkj fLFkfr fjiksVZ (The State of Agriculture Commodity Market Report)
[kk| ,oa Ñf"k fLFkfr fjiksVZ (The State of Food and Agriculture Report)
fo'o ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ (The State of the World's Forest Report)
fo'o [kk| vlqj{kk fLFkfr fjiksVZ (The State of Food Insecurity In the World Report)
la;qDr jk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu

(United Nations Industrial Development Organization–UNIDO)
zz^la;qDr jk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu* la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh fof'k"V laLFkk gS tks xjhch fuokj.k] lekos'kh oS'ohdj.k
rFkk i;kZoj.kh; laiks"k.kh;rk ds fy;s vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks izksRlkgu iznku djrk gSA o"kZ 2013 esa is: ds yhek esa
viukbZ xbZ yhek ?kks"k.kk (Lima Declaration) ds ekè;e ls lekos'kh vkSj laiks"k.kh; vkS|ksfxd fodkl (Inclusive
and Sustainable Industrial Development) dks laxBu dk fe'ku fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA
zzla;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk us 1966 esa ,d izLrko ds ekè;e ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa vkS|ksxhdj.k dks xfr ,oa izksRlkgu iznku
djus ds mís'; ls ,d Lok;Ùk laLFkk ds :i esa la;qDr jk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu dh LFkkiuk dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
zzlaxBu dk eq[;ky; vkWfLVª;k ds fo;uk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k] tgk¡ blus 1969 esa dk;Z djuk izkjaHk fd;kA laxBu
dks la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk 1975 esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh fo'ks"khÑr laLFkk (Specialised Agency) dk ntkZ iznku
fd;k x;kA laxBu lnL;ksa us fopkj&foe'kZ ds dbZ pj.kksa ds i'pkr~ vke lgefr ls o"kZ 1985 esa vius lafoèkku
dks vuqeksfnr] Lohdkj ,oa ykxw fd;kA
zzorZeku esa laxBu esa 170 lnL; ns'k (1 vizSy 2019 dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj) 'kkfey gSaA iwoZ esa vkWLVsªfy;k] csfYt;e]
dukMk] izQk¡l] fyFkqvkfu;k] U;w”khySaM] iqrZxky] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] MsuekdZ] xzhl bR;kfn ns'kksa
us laxBu dh lnL;rk R;kx nh gSA
zzlaxBu }kjk lnL; ns'kksa dks vkS|ksxhdj.k dh izfØ;k ds fofHkUu igyqvksa esa izf'k{k.k] lwpuk forj.k] lkaf[;dh tfVyrk
fo'ys"k.k ,oa 'kksèk ls tqM+h xfrfofèk;ksa esa lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA laxBu }kjk laiw.kZ fo'o esa fuos'k lao¼Zu dks
c<+kok fn;k tkrk gS] tks fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa O;kikj rFkk ljdkj ds eè; laidZ dks izksRlkfgr djrk gSA
zzlaxBu }kjk 21 twu] 1985 dks Hkkjr dks lnL;rk iznku dh xbZA rc ls ysdj vHkh rd laxBu us Hkkjr dks vkS|ksfxd
fodkl ifj;kstuk esa lg;ksx iznku fd;k gSA laxBu }kjk Hkkjr dks vc rd yxHkx 70 fefy;u MkWyj dk vuqnku
iznku fd;k tk pqdk gSA
zz^vkS|ksfxd fodkl fjiksVZ* laxBu }kjk izdkf'kr izeq[k fjiksVZ gSA
;wjksih; la?k (European Union)

zz^;wjksih; la?k* ;wjksi egk}hi ds 28 ns'kksa dk ,d fof'k"V vk£Fkd ,oa jktuhfrd la?k gS] tks laiw.kZ ;wjksi ds ”;knkrj
fgLlksa dks lekfgr djrk gSA ;wjksih; la?k dk eq[;ky; csfYt;e ds czqlsYl esa fLFkr gSA
zz;wjksih; la?k ds 19 ns'kksa }kjk leku eqnzk ^;wjks* (EURO) iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA ;wjks iz;ksxdÙkkZ ns'kksa dks lkewfgd :i
ls ^;wjks”kksu* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
zz;wjksih; la?k lkewfgd :i ls fo'o dh nwljh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF) ds vuqlkj
2016 esa oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa ;wjksih; la?k dh fgLlsnkjh 22.8 izfr'kr gSA
fgan egklkxj rVh; la?k (Indian Ocean Rim Association–IORA)

zz^fgan egklkxj rVh; la?k* fgan egklkxj ds rV ij fLFkr 22 ns'kksa dk laxBu gSA fgan egklkxj fo'o dk rhljk
lcls cM+k egklkxj gS] ftlds ekè;e ls fo'o ds yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ eky (Cargo) rFkk nks&frgkbZ rsy (Oil) dk
ifjogu fd;k tkrk gSA
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zzfgan egklkxj ds rVh; ns'kksa ds laxBu dk izLrko igyh ckj nf{k.k vizQhdk ds rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr usYlu eaMsyk
}kjk 1995 esa mudh Hkkjr ;k=kk ds nkSjku j[kk x;k] ftls è;ku esa j[kdj fgan egklkxj rVh; {ks=kh; lg;ksx la?k
dk pkVZj Lohdkj fd;k x;kA 2013 esa la?k dk uke ifjofrZr djds fgan egklkxj rVh; la?k (IORA) j[kk x;kA
zzfgan egklkxj rVh; la?k eq[;r% vk£Fkd laxBu gS] ftldk mís'; lnL; ns'kksa esa lrr~ vkSj larqfyr fodkl dks
izksRlkgu] lk>s fgr ,oa ykHk ls tqM+s vk£Fkd {ks=kksa esa lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsuk gSA blds lkFk gh lnL; ns'kksa ds eè;
O;kikfjd mnkjhdj.k dh laHkkoukvksa dks ryk'kus vkSj {ks=k esa oLrqvksa] lsokvksa] fuos'k rFkk rduhdksa ds izokg dh
ckèkkvksa dks de djus] O;kikj vkSj m|ksx] 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa] fo}kuksa vkSj lnL; ns'kksa dh turk ds eè; esy&tksy
dks izksRlkgu iznku djus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuk gSA
lnL; ns'k (Member Countries)
vkWLVªsfy;k] ckaXykns'k] Hkkjr] baMksusf'k;k] bZjku] esMkxkLdj] eysf'k;k] ekWjh'kl] eks”kkafcd] vkseku] flaxkiqj] nf{k.k
vizQhdk] Jhyadk] ra”kkfu;k] FkkbZySaM] la;qDr vjc vehjkr] ;eu] dkseksjksl] lksekfy;k] dsU;k] ls'kYlA
isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa dk laxBu&vksisd

(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries–OPEC)
zzisVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa ds laxBu dks ^vksisd* (OPEC) ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA vksisd isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd
ns'kksa dk LFkk;h varj&ljdkjh (Inter-Governmental) laxBu gS] ftldh LFkkiuk 10–14 flracj] 1960 ds eè;
bjkd ds cxnkn esa vk;ksftr cxnkn lEesyu ds nkSjku bZjku] bjkd] dqoSr] lÅnh vjc ,oa osus”kq,yk }kjk dh xbZA
zzorZeku esa vksisd 13 lnL;h; laxBu gS] ftlesa laLFkkid lnL;ksa ds vfrfjDr yhfc;k] la;qDr vjc vehjkr]
vYthfj;k] ukbthfj;k] bDokMksj] vaxksyk] xScu] bDosVksfj;y fxuh vkSj dkWUxks 'kkfey gSaA vksisd dk orZeku eq[;ky;
vkWfLVª;k ds fo;uk esa fLFkr gSA
zzvksisd dh lafofèk (Statute) ds vuqlkj blds mís'; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
vius lnL; ns'kksa dh isVªksfy;e uhfr;ksa dk leUo; ,oa ,dhdj.k_
miHkksDrkvksa ds fy;s isVªksfy;e dh dq'ky (Efficient), ferO;;h (Economical) rFkk fu;fer (Regular) vkiw£r
ds fy;s rsy ck”kkjksa dh fLFkjrk dks lqfuf'pr djuk_
isVªksfy;e mRiknksa ds fy;s LFkk;h (Steady) vk; rFkk isVªksfy;e m|ksx esa fuos'k djus okyksa dh iwath ij mfpr
izfriQy lqfuf'pr djukA
zzvksisd ns'k orZeku esa oSf'od isVªksfy;e mRiknu dk yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ mRikfnr djrs gSaA lkFk gh budk isVªksfy;e
HkaMkj oSf'od isVªksfy;e HkaMkj dk yxHkx nks&frgkbZ gSA
{ks=kh; O;kid vk£Fkd Hkkxhnkjh

(Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership–RCEP)
zz^{ks=kh;O;kid vk£Fkd Hkkxhnkjh* vkfl;ku rFkk mlds 6 eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk okys ns'kksa ds eè; izLrkfor eqDr
O;kikj le>kSrk gSA bl le>kSrs ds lanHkZ esa 16 lnL;h; okÙkkZ ds vc rd 27 nkSj (27th RCEP Auckland Round
from 2019) gks pqds gSaA le>kSrs esa fuEu ns'k lfEefyr gSa&
vkfl;ku ns'k& czqusbZ] dacksfM;k] baMksusf'k;k] ykvksl] eysf'k;k] E;k¡ekj] fiQyhihal] flaxkiqj] FkkbZySaM] fo;rukeA
vkfl;ku ds lkFk eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk okys ns'k& vkWLVªsfy;k] phu] Hkkjr] tkiku] nf{k.k dksfj;k] U;w”khySaMA
zzorZeku esa {ks=kh; O;kid vk£Fkd Hkkxhnkjh esa 'kkfey ns'kksa dk oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa ;ksxnku yxHkx 32
izfr'kr gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ijk&iz'kkar Hkkxhnkjh (Trans-Pacific Partnership-TPP)
zzijk&iz'kkar Hkkxhnkjh (TPP) iz'kkar egklkxj ds vkl&ikl fLFkr 12 ns'kksa dk ,d lewg Fkk] ftls 4 iQjojh] 2016
dks ijk&iz'kkar Hkkxhnkjh le>kSrs dk :i ns fn;k x;kA
zzle>kSrs esa Hkkxhnkj ns'k% flaxkiqj] czqusbZ] U;w”khySaM] fpyh] vkWLVªsfy;k] is:] fo;ruke] eysf'k;k] esfDldks] dukMk]
tkiku rFkk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk FksA ysfdu 23 tuojh] 2017 dks vesfjdh jk"Vªifr MksukYM Vªai }kjk bl le>kSrs
ls ckgj gksus ds jk"Vªifr vkns'k ij gLrk{kj djus ls vc le>kSrs esa 'kkfey ns'kksa dh la[;k 11 jg xbZ gSA
zzvesfjdk ds le>kSrs ls ckgj fudyus ls iwoZ ;g ekuk tkrk Fkk fd ;g le>kSrk vc rd dk lcls cM+k eqDr
O;kikj le>kSrk gS] ftldk y{; le>kSrs dks gLrk{kj djus okys ns'kksa esa& vk£Fkd fodkl dks c<+kok nsuk_ jks”kxkj
l`tu rFkk voèkkj.k (Retention) dks leFkZu_ uokpkj] mRikndrk rFkk izfrLièkkZ dks c<+kok_ thou Lrj dks mBkuk]
xjhch esa deh ykuk_ ikjnf'kZrk ,oa lq'kklu dks izksRlkgu iznku djuk rFkk Je ,oa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dks c<+kok nsuk
fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;kA
zzebZ 2017 esa Hkkxhnkjh esa 'kkfey vU; 11 ns'kksa us le>kSrs dks vesfjdk ds fcuk vkxs c<+kus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA
G–7 (The Group of Seven)

zz^G–7* fo'o dh lkr izeq[k vkS|ksfxd vFkZO;oLFkkvksa& izQk¡l] teZuh] bVyh] dukMk] tkiku] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
rFkk ;wukbVsM fdaxMe dk lewg gSA
zzG&7 ns'kksa dh oSf'od laifÙk esa yxHkx 64 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA blds lkFk gh ;s ns'k mPp ekuo fodkl
lwpdkad okys ns'k gSa ftudh oSf'od ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa yxHkx 50 izfr'kr dk ;ksxnku gSA
zzG&7 ds xBu dh vkèkkjf'kyk 1975 esa izQk¡l ds isfjl esa izQk¡l] teZuh] bVyh] tkiku] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe rFkk la;qDr
jkT; vesfjdk ds foÙk eaf=k;ksa dh vukSipkfjd cSBd ds ekè;e ls j[kh xbZA bl cSBd dk eq[; mís'; rRdkyhu
rsy ladV (Oil Crisis) dh leL;k ds lekèkku ij fopkj djuk FkkA
zzè;krO; gS fd 1976 esa dukMk lewg dk 7ok¡ lnL; cukA rc ls ;g G&7 ds uke ls tkuk tkus yxkA 1998 esa
:l dks Hkh lewg esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k vkSj bls G&8 ds uke ls tkuk x;k] ysfdu 2014 esa :l }kjk ;wØsu ds
Øhfe;k dk rFkkdfFkr vfèkxzg.k djus ds dkj.k :l dks lewg ls ckgj dj fn;k x;kA bl izdkj orZeku esa ;g
G&7 ds :i esa gh izfrf"Br gSA
zzG&7 dk izeq[k mís'; fofHkUu vk£Fkd vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfrd fo"k;kas ij fopkj&foe'kZ djuk gSA
bClk (IBSA)
zz^bClk* Hkkjr (India), czk”khy (Brazil) ,oa nf{k.k vizQhdk (South Africa) dk okÙkkZ eap gSA bldh LFkkiuk 2003
esa bu ns'kksa ds fons'k eaf=k;ksa ds }kjk czk”khy ds czklhfy;k esa ^czklhfy;k ?kks"k.kki=k* ij gLrk{kj ds ekè;e ls gqbZA
zzbClk ,d cgqmn~ns'kh; lg;ksxkRed lewg gS] tks lnL; ns'kksa ds eè; O;kikj] Ñf"k] fuos'k] f'k{kk] ekuokfèkdkj] [kk|
lqj{kk] LokLF; bR;kfn {ks=kksa esa lg;ksx dks izksRlkgu iznku djrk gSA
zzbClk dk eq[; y{; nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksx dks izksRlkgu iznku djuk rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; egÙo ds eqn~nksa ij vke lgefr
cukuk gSA
csfld (BASIC)
zz^csfld* pkj uo vkS|ksxhÑr ns'kksa (New Industrialized Countries) – czk”khy (Barzil ), nf{k.k vizQhdk (South
Africa), Hkkjr (India) ,oa phu (China) dk lewg gSA
zzbl lewg dk fuekZ.k 28 uoacj] 2009 dks nf{k.k vizQhdk ds dksisugsxsu esa ,d le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;kA
zzcsfld dk eq[; mís'; tyok;q ifjorZu ls lacafèkr okÙkkZ esa ,d&nwljs dks lg;ksx iznku djuk FkkA

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mÙkj vesfjdh eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk (NAFTA)
zzmÙkj vesfjdh eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk (North American Free Trade Agreement-NAFTA) ,d O;kid O;kikj
le>kSrk gS tks dukMk] la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj esfDldks ds chp O;kikj rFkk fuos'k ds fu;e fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA
zzpw¡fd ;g le>kSrk 1 tuojh] 1994 ls ykxw gqvk Fkk] blfy;s ukÝVk us rhuksa ns'kksa ds chp eqDr O;kikj vkSj fuos'k
ds fy;s vfèkdrj VSfjiQ vkSj xSj&VSfjiQ ckèkkvksa dks O;ofLFkr :i ls gVk fn;kA
zzbl le>kSrs ds dkj.k bu rhuksa ns'kksa ds chp eky dh <qykbZ ij yxus okys dj dks lekIr dj fn;k x;kA VªsMekdZ]
isVsaV vkSj djsalh dks ysdj rhuksa ns'kksa ds chp O;kikj lacaèkh dkiQh lqxe fu;e cuk, x,A
vesfjdk] dukMk] esfDldks }kjk u, O;kikj le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj
gLrk{kj fd;s tkus dh iwoZ laè;k rd lkSns ds vafre fooj.k dks ysdj tkjh vfLFkjrk ds ckn gky gh esa esfDldks]
dukMk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds usrkvksa us mÙkjh vesfjdh O;kikj lafèk ij gLrk{kj fd;sA
çeq• fcanq
zzMs<+ o"kZ rd pyh xaHkhj okrkZ ds ckn 30 flracj dks rhuksa ns'kksa ds usrkvksa us mÙkj vesfjdh eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs
(NAFTA) dks çfrLFkkfir djus ds fl¼kar ds vuq:i ,d lkSns ij lgefr O;Dr dh Fkh] tks fd 1 fVªfy;u MkWyj
ls vfèkd ds ikjLifjd O;kikj dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA
zzrhuksa i{kksa ds eè; lkSns ds csgrj fØ;kUo;u gsrq bldh ckjhfd;ksa vkSj 'kCnkoyh dks ysdj dkiQh fnuksa ls vkil esa
uksad&>ksad py jgh Fkh vkSj C;wul vk;lZ esa th&20 f'k•j lEesyu ds 'kq: gksus ls dqN ?kaVs igys rd rhuksa i{k
bl ij lger ugha Fks tc rd fd vfèkdkfj;ksa us cSBdj bls gLrk{kfjr ugha dj fn;kA
zzrhuksa ns'kksa ds uhfr fu;kedksa }kjk vHkh Hkh bl le>kSrs dks eatwjh fn;k tkuk ckdh gSA mÙkj vesfjdh eqDr O;kikj
le>kSrs (NAFTA) ds LFkku ij ykxw gksus ds ckn vkfèkdkfjd rkSj ij bls la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk&esfDldks&dukMk
le>kSrs (USMCA) ds :i esa tkuk tk,xkA
zzdukMkbZ çèkkuea=kh }kjk bl le>kSrs dks û, NAFTA* ds :i esa lanfHkZr fd;k x;kA bl ij gLrk{kj djus ls igys]
dukMkbZ çèkkuea=kh tfLVu VªwMks us vesfjdh jk"Vªifr Vªai dks crk;k fd nksuksa ns'kksa dks bLikr vkSj ,Y;wehfu;e 'kqYd
dks •Re djus ds fy;s feydj ç;kl djuk pkfg;sA
zzvesfjdh jk"Vªifr MksukYM Vªai us 2016 ds vius jk"Vªifr pquko vfHk;ku ds nkSjku NAFTA dks fiQj ls cnyus dh
dle •kbZ FkhA mUgksaus dbZ ckj okrkZ ds nkSjku bl le>kSrs dks iQkM+us vkSj vesfjdk }kjk iwjh rjg ls bl le>kSrs
ls vyx gksus dh èkedh nh] ftlls rhuksa iM+ksfl;ksa ds chp O;kikj vo#¼ gks tkrkA
zzvesfjdh jk"Vªifr Vªai us dukMk vkSj esfDldks dks 24 o"khZ; le>kSrs ij iqufoZpkj djus ds fy;s etcwj dj fn;k
D;ksafd mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd ekStwnk le>kSrs us vesfjdh daifu;ksa dks de etnwjh okys esfDldks esa ukSdfj;k¡ LFkkukarfjr
djus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr fd;k FkkA
zzMs;jh mRiknksa ds fy;s dukMk ds lajf{kr vkarfjd ck”kkj ds lacaèk esa vesfjdh vkifÙk;k¡ okrkZ ds nkSjku okrkZdkjksa ds
le{k ,d cM+h pqukSrh Fkha vkSj MksukYM Vªai us ckj&ckj fj;k;rksa dh ekax dh rFkk dukMk ij vesfjdh fdlkuksa dks
uqdlku igq¡pkus dk vkjksi yxk;kA
zzvesfjdk&esfDldks&dukMk le>kSrk (USMCA)
zz;g ewyr% ukÝVk dk nwljk laLdj.k gSA blds varxZr dkjksa] Je lacaèkh uhfr;ksa] i;kZoj.k ekudksa] ckSf¼d laink]
lqj{kk o dqN fMftVy O;kikj çkoèkkuksa ij fd;s x, cM+s ifjorZu 'kkfey gSaA
zzbl le>kSrs ds rgr 500 fefy;u fuokfl;ksa dk {ks=k lekfgr gksxk vkSj ,d o"kZ esa yxHkx 1 fVªfy;u MkWyj dk
O;kikj gksxkA
420
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zzbl le>kSrs ds rgr dukMk vc vius Ms;jh ck”kkj dks vesfjdh mRikndksa ds fy;s •ksy nsxk vkSj cnys esa vesfjdk
us fookn fuiVku çkoèkkuksa dks vifjofrZr NksM+ fn;kA
zzblds vykok] ;g O;kikj fu;eksa ds ^gsjiQsj* dks jksdus ds fy;s eqæk ewY; dks 'kkfey djus lfgr çkoèkkuksa dks tksM+rk
gS vkSj 'kqYd eqDr ck”kkj dk ykHk mBkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs ckgjh ns'kksa ij fu;a=k.k djrk gSA
fofHkUu varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa@laLFkkvksa }kjk izdkf'kr fjiksV~lZ
(Reports Published by Various International Organizations/Institutions
varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku@laxBu fjiksVZ
varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF) fo'o vk£Fkd ifjn`'; fjiksVZ (World Economic Outlook)] oSf'od foÙkh;
fLFkjrk fjiksVZ
fo'o cSad lewg Mwbax fc”kusl] fo'o fodkl fjiksVZ] oSf'od vk£Fkd laHkkouk fjiksVZ] deksfMVh
ekdsZV vkmVyqd] oSf'od foÙkh; fodkl fjiksVZ] fo'o fodkl ladsrd
fo'o O;kikj laxBu fo'o O;kikj lkaf[;dh leh{kk] fo'o O;kikj fjiksVZ
fo'o vk£Fkd eap ;k=kk ,oa i;ZVu izfrLièkkZRedrk fjiksVZ] lekos'kh lao`f¼ ,oa fodkl fjiksVZ]
oSf'od tksf[ke fjiksVZ] oSf'od ySafxd varjky fjiksVZ
la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe (UNDP) ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ (HDR)
foÙkh; dkjZokbZ dk;Zcy (FATF) oSf'od èku 'kksèku ,oa vkradh foÙkiks"k.k [+krjk ewY;kadu
varjkZ"Vªh; [kk| uhfr vuqlaèkku laLFkku oSf'od Hkw[k lwpdkad] oSf'od [kk| uhfr fjiksVZ
(IFPRI)
varjkZ"Vªh; ÅtkZ ,tsalh fo'o ÅtkZ ifjn`';
vksisd fo'o rsy ifjn`';
la;qDr jk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu vkS|ksfxd fodkl fjiksVZ
fo'o ckSf¼d laink laxBu fo'o ckSf¼d laink fjiksVZ] oSf'od uokpkj lwpdkad
varjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu fo'o lkekftd lqj{kk fjiksVZ] oSf'od e”knwjh fjiksVZ] fo'o jks”kxkj ,oa
lkekftd ifjn`';
vè;k;&15
^jktLFkku vFkZO;oLFkk % izkFkfed {ks= * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
Ñf"k (Agriculture)
jktLFkku ds xBu ds le; jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ewyr% ,d Ñf"k vFkZO;oLFkk Fkh] D;ksafd vkS|ksfxd vkSj lsok
{ks=k esa fodkl dk Lrj cgqr de FkkA Ñf"k xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh xq.kkRed :i ls cgqr [kjkc vkSj Ñf"k leqnk;ksa dh thou
'kSyh dkiQh n;uh; FkhA jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k ds egÙo dks ns[krs gq, jkT; esa Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ lqfuf'pr
djus] Ñf"k ,oa lac¼ xfrfofèk;ksa esa layXu cM+h vkcknh ds fy;s csgrj thou 'kSyh ,oa Ñf"k dks ekulwu dh vfuf'aprrkvksa
vkSj izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls cpkus ds fy;s dbZ dk;ZØe pyk, tk jgs gSaA bl ;ksxnku dks fuEu izdkj ls le>k tk
ldrk gS&
421
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ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu esa fLFkj dherksa ij ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu ij esa izpfyr
Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku dherksa ij Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku (` djksM+ esa)s
fLFkj dherksa ij izpfyr dherksa ij dqy GVA esa
(2011-12) Ñf"k dqy GVA o"kZ Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku ;ksxnku
o"kZ
dk ;ksxnku dk izfr'kr (` djksM+ esa)s (izfr'kr esa)
(` djksM+)
2015-16 136526.52 26.16% 2017-18 208422.98 26.37%
2016-17 140402.58 25.29% 2018-19 224515.27 25.16%
2017-18 151803.09 25.5% 2019-20 247175.81 25.56%
2018-19 159347.97 25.04% o"kZ 2018&19 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019&20 esa o`Qf"k {ks=k esa
5-56 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ nj jghA
2019-20 168352.49 25.19%
'kq¼ jkT; ewY;o¼Zu esa Ñf"k dk ;ksxnku

fLFkj dherksa ij (2011-12) dqy th-oh-,- izpfyr dher ij izfr'kr dqy
o"kZ
(` djksM+ esa) esa » (` djksM+ esa) th-oh-,- dk
2017-18 141564.01 27.08% 194713.11 27.67%
2018-19 148631.92 26.57% 209514.21 26.36%
2019-20 vuqlkj 157006.05 26.72% 230034.25 26.68%
Hkw&mi;ksx (Land utilisation)

jkT; dk dqy izfrosfnr {ks=kiQy o"kZ 2017&19 esa 342-87 yk[k gsDVs;j gSA blesa ls {ks=kokj Hkwfe ,oa izfr'kr dk
oxhZdj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa&
okfudh o`Qf"k ds vfrfjDr

vU; mi;ksxh Hkwfe
%
8%
04
mQlj
8.
5.7
%
6.95
52.22% pkjkxkg
4.88%
'kq¼ cks;k 0.07% ckx
x;k {ks=k 11.17%
catj
5.8
5.08
1%
%
vU; pkyw iM+r Hkwfe

pkyw iM+r Hkwfe

422
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzokfudh& 8-07 izfr'kr {ks=kiQy dk ;kuh 27-56 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzo`Qf"k ds vfrfjDr vU; mi;ksxh Hkwfe& 5-78 izfr'kr vFkkZr~ 18-83 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzmQlj rFkk o`Qf"k v;ksX; Hkwfe& 6-95 izfr'k vFkkZr~ 23-83 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzLFkk;h pkjkxkg rFkk vU; xkspj Hkwfe& 4-88 izfr'kr ;kuh dqy 16-73 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzo`{kksa ds >q.M rFkk ckx& 0-07 izfr'kr ;kuh 0-24 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzcatj Hkwfe& 11-17 izfr'kr vFkkZr~ dqy 38-31 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzvU; pkyw iM+r Hkwfe& 5-81 izfr'kr ;kuh 19092 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zzpkyw iM+r Hkwfe& 5-08 izfr'kr vFkkZr~ 17-42 yk[k gsDVs;jA
zz'kq¼ cks;k x;k {ks=k& 52-22 izfr'kr ;kuh 173-03 yk[k gsDVs;jA
ekulwu (Monsoon)
jktLFkku esa Ñf"k eq[; :i ls o"kkZ ij fuHkZj gS rFkk ekulwu dh vofèk Hkh de gSA vfLFkj ekSle dh fLFkfr
gksus ds dkj.k fdlkuksa dks Ñf"k gsrq o"kkZ vkSj Hkwfexr ty nksuksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA ;|fi jkT; esa Ñf"k ds
fodkl ds fy;s dbZ mYys[kuh; iz;kl fd;s x, gSa] rFkkfi jkT; ds vfèkdka'k Hkkxksa esa ;g vHkh Hkh ekulwu ij gh
fuHkZj gSA
Hkkjrh; ekSle foKku foHkkx ds vuqlkj jkT; esa 1 twu ls 30 flracj] 2019 rd dh le;kofèk esa okLrfod o"kkZ
774.38 feeh- ntZ gqbZ] tks fd lkekU; o"kkZ 530.08 feeh- dh rqyuk esa 46.09 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA
gkyk¡fd iwjs jktLFkku esa o"kZ 2019 esa o"kkZ lkekU; ;k lkekU; ls vfèkd jgh fdarq Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux<+ ,oa
vyoj esa o"kkZ lkekU; ls de gqbZA
Ñf"k mRiknu (Agriculture production)

jkT; esa Ñf"k dk mRiknu eq[;r% ekulwu ds mfpr le; ij vkus ij fuHkZj djrk gSA [kjhiQ iQlyksa dk mRiknu
,oa mRikndrk dsoy o"kkZ dh ek=kk ij gh fuHkZj ugha gS] vfirq ;g i;kZIr le;kofèk esa o"kkZ ds mfpr ,oa leku forj.k
vkSj l?kurk ij Hkh fuHkZj djrh gSA
xr rhu o"kks± dh [kjhiQ vkSj jch iQlyksa ds mRiknu dk foLr`r fooj.k fuEu rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
jkT; esa [kjhiQ vkSj jch iQlyksa dk {ks=kiQy ,oa mRiknu
{ks=kiQy (yk[k gsDVs;j esa) mRiknu (yk[k fefVªd Vu esa)
iQly 2019-20 2019-20
2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19
(izkoèkkfud) (izkoèkkfud)
(v) vukt 91.76 89.95 96.93 184.71 193.66 204.98
[kjhiQ 58.05 57.69 59.94 62.78 65.87 71.79
jch 33.26 32.26 36.99 121.93 127.79 133.19
(c) nygu 58.61 59.06 60.18 36.34 37.59 44.09
[kjhiQ 42.04 42.75 38.39 18.70 18.68 17.46
jch 16.21 16.31 21.79 17.64 18.91 27.44
(v $ c) [kk|kUu 150.37 149.01 157.11 221.05 231.25 249.88
[kjhiQ 100.09 100.44 98.33 81.48 84.55 89.25

423
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jch 49.47 48.57 58.78 139.57 146.07 160.63
(l) frygu 41.05 48.07 48.62 61.14 76.57 65.79
[kjhiQ 19.27 19.84 23.17 25.68 28.36 24.63
jch 22.23 28.23 25.45 35.46 48.21 41.16
(n) xUuk 0.05 0.05 0.04 3.82 4.48 2.50
dikl xk¡B (yk[k
xk¡B esa mRiknu) 1 5.84 6.29 7.60 18.93 20.27 26.64
xk¡B = 170 fdxzk-)
jkT; esa o`Qf"k dk mRiknu eq[;r% ekulwu ds mfpr le; ij vkus ij fuHkZj djrk gSA [kjhiQ iQlyksa dk mRiknu
u dsoy o"kkZ dh ek=kk ij cfYd o"kkZ ds forj.k ,oa le; ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA
zzo"kZ 2019&20 esa [kk|kUu dk dqy mRiknu 249-88 yk[k fefVªd Vu gksus dk vuqeku gS tks o"kZ 2018&19 esa 231-
25 yk[k fefVªd Vu Fkk vFkkZr~ blea 8-09» o`f¼ gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zzo"kZ 2019&20 esa dqy frygu dk mRiknu 65-79 yk[k fefVªd Vu gksus dk vuqeku gS tks o"kZ 2018&19 ds 76-57
yk[k fefVªd Vu ls 14-08 izfr'kr dh deh dks n'kkZrk gSA frygu ds varxZr [kjhiQ iQlyksa ds varxZr ewaxiQyh]
fry] lks;kchu o vj.Mh rFkk jch iQlyksa esa jkbZ] ljlksa] rkjkehjk ,oa vylh 'kkfey gSaA
zzjkT; esa xUuk dk cksvkbZ {ks=k vR;ar de (0-04 izfr'kr) gS o"kZ 2018&19 ds 48-21 yk[k fefVªd Vu xUuk mRiknu
gqvk Fkk ftlds o"kZ 2017&20 esa mRiknu esa 14-62 izfr'kr fxjkoV vkus dk vuqeku gS ;g 2-5 yk[k fefVªd Vu
gksus dk vuqeku gSA
zzjkT; esa dikl dk mRiknu o"kZ 2018&19 ds 20-27 yk[k xk¡Bksa dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019&20 esa 26-64 yk[k xk¡B
gksus dk vuqeku gS tks fd fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 31-43 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ dks O;Dr djrk gSA è;krO; gS] fd
dikl xk¡B 170 fdyksxzke dk gksrk gSA

424
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mRikndrk (Productivity)
Ñf"k iQlyksa dh mRikndrk (fdyksxzke@
Ñf"k foHkkx izeq[k iQlyksa dh mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy;s gsDVs;j)
xaHkhj iz;kl dj jgk gSA jkT; ljdkj ds lrr~ iz;klksa ,oa dsanz
2018-19
ljdkj dh foÙkh; lgk;rk ls cM+s iSekus ij Ñf"k mRikndrk iQly 1991-92 2017-18
(vafre)
ds ifj.kkeksa esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ gqbZ gSA Ñf"k mRikndrk dk
rqyukRed fooj.k fuEu rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vukt 835 2013 2153
rkfydk ls ;g Li"V gS fd o`Qf"k esa mRikndrk esa o`f¼ nygu 324 620 636
gqbZ gSA o"kZ 1991&92 ls o"kZ 2018&19 esa vukt ds mRiknu [kk|kUu 707 1470 1552
esa 157-84 izfr'kr] nygu esa 96-03 izfr'kr] frygu esa 109-06 frygu 762 1473 1593
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ gS tcfd dikl ds mRiknu esa 80-86 xUuk 43871 70365 83448
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ dks O;Dr djrk gSA dikl (:bZ) 303 551 548
Xokj 131 369 334
m|kfudh (Horticulture)
jktLFkku esa m|kfudh fodkl dh foiqy laHkkouk,¡ gSaA ;g xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ñf"k izlaLdj.k ,oa vU; xkS.k
xfrfofèk;ksa ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k yksxksa dks vfrfjDr jks”kxkj ds volj miyCèk djkrh gSA m|kfudh fodkl dh foiqy
laHkkoukvksa dks ns[krs gq, lqfu;ksftr <ax ls {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼] iQy] lfC”k;ksa] elkyksa] iwQyksa o vkS"kèkh; ikSèkksa ds mRiknu
,oa mRikndrk esa o`f¼ ds mn~ns'; ls jkT; esa o"kZ 1989-90 esa i`Fkd~ ls m|ku funs'kky; dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA
ctV 2019&20 esa m|kfudh ds fy;s jkT; vk;kstuk en esa Loho`Qr ` 369-96 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS
blesa o"kZ fnlacj 2019 rd ` 160 djksM+ [kpZ djds 7 gsDVs;j iQy cxhpksa dh LFkkiuk] 617 gsDVs;j {ks=k esa ikSèks
laj{k.k mik; ,oa lCth ds 2072 izn'kZu yxk, x, gSaA
jkT; ds m|kfudh foHkkx dh LFkkiuk ds ckn ckxokuh iQlyksa ds {ks=kiQy] mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk esa mYys[kuh;
o`f¼ gqbZ gSA iQy] lfC”k;ksa vkSj elkyksa dk {ks=kiQy] mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk dk fooj.k fuEu rkfydk eas n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
iQy] lfC”k;k¡ vkSj elkyksa dk {ks=kiQy] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk
iQy lfC”k;k¡ elkys
mRikndrk
{ks=kiQy mRiknu mRikndrk {ks=kiQy mRiknu mRikndrk {ks=kiQy mRiknu
o"kZ (fdxzk-@
(gsDVs;j (ehfVªd (fdxzk-@ (gsDVs;j (ehfVªd (fdxzk-@ (gsDVs;j (ehfVªd
gsDVs;j
esa) Vu esa) gsDVs;j esa) esa) Vu esa) gsDVs;j es)a esa) Vu esa)
esa)
2012–13 ls
2016–17 41726 712658 16987 160320 1450711 8870 891384 916568 1006
vkSlr
2017–18 54207 736350 13584 166234 1699584 10224 902650 1392301 1542
2018–19 57933 956430 16509 166175 1602294 9642 916848 1096838 1196
jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku& jkT; ds p;fur 24 f”kyksa esa ;g ;kstuk fofHkUu m|kfudh iQlyksa ;Fkk iQy] elkyk ,oa
iQwyksa ds mRiknu] mRikndrk ,oa {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ ds fy;s pykbZ tk jgh gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa ` 71-75 djksM+ [dsanz
` 43-05 djksM+ $ ` 28-7 jkT; dk va'k] vkoafVr fd;s x, FksA blds }kjk xzhu gkml] 'ksMusV] IykfLVd] Vuy] IykfLVd
efYpax] oxhZ dEiksLV] I;kt HkaMkj.k] ty laxzg.k lzksrksa vkfn dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA
425
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
Ñf"k foi.ku (Agriculture marketing)
jkT; ds Ñ"kdksa dks mudh mit dk mfpr ewY; fnykus gsrq vPNh foi.ku dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkus rFkk jkT; esa
eaMh fu;ked ,oa izcaèku dks izHkkoh <ax ls ykxw djus gsrq jkT; esa Ñf"k foi.ku funs'kky; dk;Zjr gSA
^jktho xkaèkh Ñ"kd lkFkh ;kstuk* ds varxZr Ñ"kdksa@[ksfrgj e”knwjksa ,oa gEekyksa vkfn dks dk;Z LFky ij nq?kZVuko'k
e`R;q gksus ij lgk;rk jkf'k ` 1.00 yk[k ls c<+kdj ` 2.00 yk[k dj nh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2019-20 esa 2087 fdlkuksa dks
fnlacj 2019 rd ` 30-26 djksM+ dk Hkqxrku fd;k x;kA jkT; esa *lqij*] *v* ,oa *c* Js.kh dh eafM;ksa ds izkax.k eas
viuh mit dk foØ; djus gsrq vkus okys Ñ"kdksa dks vuqnkfur nj ij xq.koÙkkiw.kZ Hkkstu miyCèk djkus ds mís'; ls
^fdlku dysok ;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 2019&20 esa 23-91 yk[k o`Q"kdksa ,oa etnwjksa dks e.Mh
izkax.k esa vuqnkfur njksa ij Hkkstu miyCèk djk;k x;kA
40 Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr;ksa esa rsy ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSaA
jkT; esa êgkRek T;ksfrck iqQys eaMh Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk&2015* ykxw dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
zzizlwfr lgk;rk% vuqKfIrèkkjh Jfed efgykvksa dks vfèkdre nks izlwfr;ksa ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk vdq'ky Jfed
ds :i esa fuèkkZfjr izpfyr e”knwjh nj ds vuqlkj 45 fnol dh e”knwjh ds lerqY; lgk;rk jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fd;k
tk jgk gSA uotkr f'k'kq ds firk dks jkT; ljdkj }kjk vdq'ky Jfed ds :i esa fuèkkZfjr izpfyr e”knwjh nj ds
vuqlkj 15 fnu dh e”knwjh ds lerqY; jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzfookg ds fy;s lgk;rk% vuqKfIrèkkjh Jfed efgykvksa dh iqf=k;ksa ds fookg ds fy;s `50,000 dh lgk;rk jkf'k
ns; gksxhA ;g lgk;rk vfèkdre nks iqf=k;ksa ds fy;s gh ns; gksxhA
zzNk=ko`fÙk@esèkkoh Nk=k iqjLdkj ;kstuk% eaMh esa ,sls vuqKfIrèkkjh Jfedksa ds iq=k@iqf=k;ksa] tks 60 izfr'kr ,oa mlls
vfèkd vad izkIr djrs gSa] dks bl ;kstuk ds varxZr Nk=ko`fÙk nh tk,xhA
zzfpfdRLkk lgk;rk% vuqKfIrèkkjh Jfedksa dks xaHkhj chekjh (dSalj] gkVZ vVSd] yhoj] fdMuh vkfn) gksus dh n'kk
esa ljdkjh vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus ij foÙkh; lgk;rk ds :i esa vfèkdre `20,000 dh jkf'k LohÑr dh tk,xhA
jktLFkku o`Qf"k izlaLdj.k] o`Qf"k O;olk; ,oa o`Qf"kfu;kZr izksRlkgu uhfr 2019% ;g 17 fnlacj] 2019 dks
'kq: fd;k x;k bl ;kstuk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa&
zziQly dVkbZ ds ckn gksus okyh gkfu;ksa dks lewg vkèkkfjr dk;Z iz.kkyh }kjk de djukA
zzo`Q"kdksa ,oa o`Q"kd laxBuksa dh lgHkkfxrk c<+kuk rFkk blds }kjk vkiwfrZ ,oa ewY; lao¼Zu Üka`[kyk dks c<+kukA
zzmRiknu cgqyrk okyh iQlyksa tSls& thjk] èkfu;k] lkSaiQ] vktokbu] Xokj] bZlcxksy] nygu] lsUuk] vukj vkfn ds
ewY; lao¼Zu rFkk fu;kZr dks izksRlkgu nsukA
zz[kk| izlaLdj.k esa izf'k{k.k }kjk jks”kxkj dk l`tu djukA
zzblds fy;s foÙkh; izkoèkku ds rgr~ jktLFkku jkT; lgdkjh cSad fyfeVsM esa ` 500 djksM+ ds iQaM dh O;oLFkk
dh xbZ gSA
zzfdlku ,oa fdlku laxBuksa dks o`Qf"k izlaLdj.k gsrq ifj;sktuk ykxr dk 50 izfr'kr ;k ` 1 djksM+ dk izkoèkku gSA
zzo`Q"kd dY;k.k dks"k dk xBu& 16 fnlacj] 2019 dks fdlkuksa ds fy;s O;kikj vkSj [ksrh djus esa vklkuh ds fy;s
` 1000 djksM+ dk o`Q"kd dY;k.k dks"k dk xBu fd;k x;k gS bl dks"k dks fdlkuksa dks muds mRiknksa dk ;Fkksfpr
ewY; fnykus gsrq dke esa yk;k tk,xkA
;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u jkT; lgHkkfxrk dk;ZØe (European Union Rajya Sahbhagita Karyakram)
;wjksfi;u deh'ku ls vuqnkfur ;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u jkT; lgHkkfxrk dk;ZØe jkT; ds ty {ks=k esa uhfr vkèkkfjr lqèkkjksa
gsrq ,d egÙoiw.kZ iz;kl gS] ftldk mn~ns'; jktLFkku ljdkj dks ty {ks=k esa lqèkkjksa dks viukus esa lgk;rk iznku djuk
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,oa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkuksa dks ty izcaèku ds {ks=k esa l{ke cukuk gSA ,dhÑr ty lalkèku izcaèku (vkbZ-MCY;w-vkj-,e-)
ds varxZr 26 xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA bu p;fur xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa (,u-th-vks-) ds ekè;e ls
p;fur 11 f”kyksa (;Fkk& ikyh] tksèkiqj] ukxkSj] ckM+esj] lhdj] >qa>quw¡] jktlean] chdkusj] tkykSj] tSlyesj o pw:) ds
82 CykWdksa (fodkl [k.Mksa) dh 3,182 xzke iapk;rksa dks ,dhÑr ty lalkèku izcaèku ;kstuk dk izf'k{k.k nsdj xzke
iapk;r Lrj ij Iyku rS;kj dj fØ;kUo;u djokuk] ty miHkksDrk lewgksa dh {kerk o`f¼] iapk;rh jkt laLFkkuksa dk
laLFkkxr fodkl ,oa ty izcaèku esa miHkksDrk lgHkkfxrk dks izksRlkfgr djus ls lacafèkr dk;Z djk, tk jgs gSaA
flafpr {ks=k fodkl (Irrigated field development)

flafpr {ks=k fodkl ,oa Hkkjr ljdkj ds ty lalkèku ea=kky; ds ty izcaèku (lh-,-Mh-MCY;w-,e-) dk;ZØe ds
varxZr fl¼eq[k uksgj flapkbZ ifj;kstuk] vej flag mi 'kk[kk ifj;kstuk ,oa xax ugj izFke ,oa f}rh; pj.k] Hkk[kM+k
ugj ifj;kstuk izFke pj.k] chlyiqj vkSj pacy ifj;kstuk {ks=k esa Hkwfe fodkl dk;ks± ds varxZr iDdh [kkyksa dk fuekZ.k
dk;Z djok;k tk jgk gSA bu ifj;kstukvksa ds varxZr 2019&20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd 6143 gsDVs;j {ks=k esa iDds [kkyksa
dk fuekZ.k iw.kZ djk;k x;k gSA
pacy ifj;kstuk esa fdlkuksa dks iQlyksa ls lacafèkr leL;kvksa dh fo'ks"kK lykg miyCèk djkus ds fy;s jkT; esa
igyh ckj fizfaLØI'ku (iphZ) lsok ûkUrk Ñf"k lykg iphZ* dks vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA tuojh 2014 ls fnlaCkj 2017
rd 6,831 Ñ"kdksa dks ;kstuk ls ykHkkfUor fd;k tk pqdk gSA
tyxzg.k fodkl (Water conservation development)

Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vkbZ-MCY;w-,e-ih- ;kstuk dk uke ifjofrZr djds îzèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk* (tyxzg.k
?kVd) dj fn;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 60 izfr'kr jkf'k dsanz ljdkj ,oa 'ks"k 40 izfr'kr jkf'k jkT; ljdkj
}kjk ogu dh tkrh gSA
iQksj okVj voèkkj.kk (Concept of four water)

iQksj okVj voèkkj.kk jkT; ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr lefUor tylaj{k.k dk;ZØe dk vfHkUu fgLlk gSA ty lalkèku
foHkkx }kjk y?kq HkaMkj.k VSad ,oa ugj ra=k fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k gSA ou ,oa xSj&ou {ks=k esa tyxzg.k {ks=k mipkj dk;Z
Øe'k% tyxzg.k foHkkx o ou foHkkx }kjk lapkfyr fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2017-18 esa 59 y?kq flapkbZ VSadksa ds dSpesaV
{ks=k mipkj gsrq c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA
eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu vfHk;ku (,e-ts-,l-,-)

[Mukhya Mantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan (MJSA)]
bl vfHk;ku dk eq[; mn~ns'; fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds lkFk leUo;] tu Hkkxhnkjh ,oa nkunkrkvksa ds lg;ksx ls vkxkeh
pkj ls ik¡p o"kks± esa jkT; ds yxHkx 21,000 xk¡oksa dks ty vkRefuHkZj cukdj is;ty dk LFkk;h lekèkku fd;k tkuk
gSA bu leL;kvksa ds en~nsu”kj fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds leUo; ,oa jkT; Lrj ls i`Fkd~ ctV miyCèk djkdj eq[;ea=kh ty
Lokoyacu vfHk;ku 27 tuojh] 2016 dks izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA bl vfHk;ku ds izFke pj.k esa 3,529 xk¡oksa esa 95,192
dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s tk pqds gaSA f}rh; pj.k esa 9 fnlacj] 2016 dks vfHk;ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk dj 4,213 xk¡oksa esa yxHkx
1,29,231 ty laj{k.k dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s x, gSaA f}rh; pj.k esa 55 yk[k ikSèkkjksi.k fd;k x;k gSA jkT; ds lHkh CykWdksa
ds yxHkx 4,240 xk¡oksa dks bl vfHk;ku ds r`rh; pj.k esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
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jkT; HkaMkj.k O;oLFkk (State storage system)
jktLFkku jkT; HkaMkj fuxe (vkj-,l-MCY;w-lh-) dk eq[; dk;Z fdlkuksa] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa] O;kikfj;ksa] ljdkj ,oa
vU; laLFkkvksa ds Ñf"k mRiknksa] jklk;fud moZjd] cht] [kkn] Ñf"k ;a=k ,oa vU; fufnZ"V oLrqvksa dk oSKkfud i¼fr
ls HkaMkj.k gsrq jkT; esa xksnkeksa ,oa HkaMkj&x`gksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA fuxe dh vfèkÑr va'k iwath `800 yk[k rFkk iznÙk
va'k iwath `785.26 yk[k gSA
fnlacj 2019 rd vkSlr HkaMkj.k {kerk 14-44 yk[k fefVªd Vu jgh gS tks HkaMkj.k {kerk dh dqy vkSlr mi;ksfxrk
dk 101 izfr'kr gSA o"kZ 2019&20 ds nkSjku fuxe }kjk 16]350 fefVªd Vu HkaMkj.k {kerk dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA
i'kqikyu (Animal Husbandry)

jktLFkku esa i'kqikyu] fo'ks"kdj 'kq"d o v¼Z 'kq"d {ks=kksa jkT; esa i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkk,a
esa Ñf"k dh lgk;d xfrfofèk ugha gS cfYd ,d izeq[k vkfFkZd 2019
xfrfofèk gS] tks fd vdky dh fLFkfr esa Ñ"kd dks vR;fèkd laLFkk,¡ 2017
fnlacj
lqj{kk iznku djrh gSA Ñf"k mRiknu ds lkFk&lkFk i'kqikyu cgqmís'kh; i'kq fpfdRlky; 35 35
jktLFkku dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ xfrfofèk gSA i'kqikyu 'kq"d Ñf"k izFke Js.kh i'kq fpfdRlky; 785 786
dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ vax gSA i'kqikyu o"kkZ vkèkkfjr {ks=k esa Ñf"k 1710 1709
i'kq fpfdRlky;
iz.kkyh dh vkfFkZd O;ogk;Zrk vkSj LFkkf;Ro dks c<+krk gSA 'kq"d
i'kq vkS"kèkky; 198 198
if'peh {ks=k esa i'kqikyu] lw[ks ,oa vdky dh ekj ds fo#¼
i'kq fpfdRlk mi dsanz 5067 5293
lqj{kk dop dk dke djrk gS vkSj xjhc xzkeh.kksa dks lrr~ ,oa
LFkk;h vkthfodk iznku djrk gSA f”kyk py i'kq fpfdRlk bdkbZ 102 102
*fnlacj] 2019 rd] (vkfFkZd losZ{k.k jktLFkku
jkT; esa 'kq"d {ks=k esa nwèk nsus okyh mUur uLy (jkBh] xhj]
2019&20
lkghoky rFkk Fkkjikjdj)] nwèk o [ksrh nksuksa dk;Z ds fy;s dkadjst
o gfj;k.kk uLy ds xkSoa'k rFkk ukxkSjh o ekyoh dh ladj uLy izpqj ek=kk esa gSaA jktLFkku i'kq laink eas le`¼ jkT;
gSA ns'k ds loksZÙke xkSoa'k] HksM+] cdjh] ?kksMk+ o Å¡V dh uLysa jkT; esa gSaA
i'kq&x.kuk 2019 ds vuqlkj] jkT; esa dqy 567-76 yk[k i'kqèku ,oa 146-23 yk[k dqDdqV gSaA ns'k ds dqy i'kqèku
dk 10-6 izfr'kr jktLFkku esa gSA ;gk¡ ij ns'k dk 7-23 izfr'kr xkSoa'k] 12-47 izzfr'kr HkSal] 14 izfr'kr cdfj;k¡] 10-64
izfr'kr HksM+ rFkk 84-43 izfr'kr mQ¡V gSaA nqXèk mRiknu esa ns'k dk 12-72 izfr'kr rFkk mQu dk 34-46 izfr'kr jkT; esa
gksrk gSA nwèk dk mRiknu o"kZ 2018&19 esa 23]668 gtkj Vu gksx;k gS ogha v.Mksa dk mRiknu 1662 fefy;u gks x;k
gSA ekal mRiknu esa Hkh jktLFkku vxz.kh gS ;gk¡ o"kZ 2018&19 esa ekal mRiknu 192 gtkj Vu gks x;kA
i'kqvksa esa jksx fu;a=k.k gsrq o"kZ 2019&20 esa 348-68 yk[k Vhdkdj.k fd;s x,A i'kqvksa esa mUur uLyksa ds fy;s
fnlacj 2019 rd 2-42 yk[k cM+s i'kqvksa ,oa 4-05 yk[k NksVs i'kqvksa dk cè;kdj.k rFkk 27-22 yk[k o`Qf=ke xHkkZèkku
fd;s x,A
i'kqèku mRikn mRiknu
nqXèk mRiknu ek¡l mRiknu vaMk mRiknu Åu mRiknu
o"kZ
(g”kkj Vu) (g”kkj Vu) (nl yk[k) (yk[k fdxzk-)
2016-17 20850 180 13630 143
2017-18 22427 188 14550 143
2018-19 23668 199 16620 145
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o"kZ 2019-20 ds nkSjku i'kqikyu foHkkx }kjk mBk, x, izeq[k dne
zzjkT; esa i'kqikydksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s ^Hkkek'kkg i'kq chek ;kstuk* dk;kZfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl chek ;kstuk
ds varxZr] vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@ch-ih-,y- i'kqikydksa dks eos'kh chek izhfe;e ij 70 izfr'kr vuqnku
vkSj lkekU; i'kqikydksa dks eos'kh chek izhfe;e ij 50 izfr'kr vuqnku iznku fd;k x;k gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2017-18
esa fnlacj 2017 rd 32,673 i'kqikydksa dh 81,000 eos'kh bdkb;ksa ds y{; ds fo#¼] 59,620 eos'kh bdkb;ksa
ds chek izhfe;e ij ` 491.23 yk[k vuqnku ds :i esa mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa HksM+ikydksa ds dY;k.k ds fy;s ^vfodk dop chek ;kstuk* dk;kZfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl chek ;kstuk
ds varxZr] vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr@ch-ih-,y- HksM+ikydksa dks HksM+ksa ds chek izhfe;e ij 80 izfr'kr vuqnku vkSj
lkekU; HksM+ikydksa dks HksM+ksa ds chek izhfe;e ij 70 izfr'kr vuqnku iznku fd;k x;k gSA
zzo"kZ 2019-20 esa 400 uohu i'kq fpfdRlk midsanz [kksys tkus gSa] buesa ls fnlacj 2019 rd 226 uohu i'kq fpfdRlk
midsanz [kksys tk pqds gSaA
zz8 CykWd Lrj ds i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa dks vkSj 2 rglhy eq[;ky; esa i'kq fpfdRlk vLirkykas dks izFke Js.kh i'kq
fpfdRlk vLirkykas esa ØeksUur fd;k x;kA
zzjkT; ds xkS ,oa HkSal oa'kh; i'kqvksa dks ,iQ-,e-Mh- ([kqjidk ,oa e¡qgidk jksx) jksx ls eqDr fd;s tkus ds fy;s dsanz
ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls pyk, tk jgs jkT;O;kih Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,d o"kZ esa nks ckj Vhdkdj.k vfHk;ku
pyk, tk jgs gSaA bl dk;ZozQe ds varxZr o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj rd 163-28 yk[k i'kqvksa dk Vhdkdj.k fd;k
x;k gSA
zzi'kqèku fu%'kqYd vkjksX; ;kstuk lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS vkSj ;kstuk leLr foHkkxh; i'kq fpfdRlk laLFkkvksa ,oa
leLr mipkj f'kfojksa esa miyCèk gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj ds jk"Vªh; i'kqèku fe'ku ds rgr~ jkT; esa HksM+ ,oa cdjh oa'k dh uLy lqèkkj (thvkbZth,l) ;kstuk
lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS buesa dsanz ,oa jkT; dh foÙkh; lk>snkjh 60%40 dh gS ;g jkT; ds vtesj] t;iqj] lhdj]
jktlean] fpÙkkSM+x<] pq:] fljksgh ,oa dqpkeuflVh (ukxkSj) ftyksa esa lapkfyr gSA
zzi'kqèku fu%'kqYd vkjksX; ;kstuk ds varxZr i'kqikydksa dks fu;fer ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzuLy lqèkkj dk;ZØe dk Hkh {kerko¼Zu fd;k tk jgk gSA futh ,dhÑr fodkl dsanzksa ds foLrkj ds ekè;e ls iztuu
lsokvksa esa lqèkkj fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzi'kqikyd fdlkuksa ds fy;s izf'k{k.k lqfoèkkvksa esa lqèkkj dj foLrkj fd;k x;k gSA
Ms;jh fodkl (Dairy development)

jktLFkku esa Ms;jh fodkl dk;ZØe] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds ekè;e ls fØ;kfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA bl dk;ZØe ds
varxZr 15,017 nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks jkT; esa 21 f”kyk nqXèk mRiknd lgdkjh la?kksa ,oa jkT; Lrj ij 'kh"kZLFk
laLFkku] jktLFkku lgdkjh Ms;jh isQMjs'ku (vkj-lh-Mh-,iQ-) fyfeVsM] t;iqj ls lac¼ fd;k x;k gSA
fofHkUu ;kstukvksa esa miyCèk foÙkh; lgk;rk ,oa Lo;a ds lalkèkuksa ls f”kyk nqXèk la?k la;a=kksa dh nqXèk izlaLdj.k
{kerk c<+dj 31.6 yk[k yhVj izfrfnu gks xbZ gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019-20 esa vkj-lh-Mh-,iQ- ls lac¼ lHkh nqXèk la?kksa us
izfrfnu vkSlru 24.23 yk[k fdxzk- nqXèk ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA orZeku esa] jkT; Hkj esa 8.2 yk[k nqXèk mRiknd lgdkfjrk
ij vkèkkfjr Ms;jh fodkl dk;ZØe lac¼ gSa ,oa o"kZ i;±r nqXèk mRiknu dk ikfjJfed izkIr dj jgs gSaA Ms;jh fodkl
{ks=k dh eq[; xfrfofèk;ksa dh miyfCèk;k¡ fuEu rkfydk esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSaA
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o"kZ 2019-20 ds nkSjku Ms;jh xfrfofèk;k¡
en bdkbZ y{; miyfCèk;k¡
vkSlr nqXèk ladyu yk[k fdxzk- izfrfnu 30.83 24.23
vkSlr nqXèk foi.ku yk[k yhVj izfrfnu 23.89 21.11
i'kq vkgkj foØ; (la?k) gtkj ehfVªd Vu 295.22 202.82
iquthZfor lfefr;k¡ la[;k 695 565
ubZ lfefr;k¡a la[;k 555 202
Ñf=ke ,oa izkÑfrd xHkkZèkku gtkj la[;k 393 272
*fnlacj] 2019 rd (vkfFkZd losZ{k.k jktLFkku 2019&20)
jktLFkku lgdkjh Ms;jh isQMjs'ku }kjk ikSf"Vd i'kq vkgkj Hkh miyCèk djk;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj
rd 2]97]936 ehfVªd Vu i'kq vkgkj dk mRiknu fd;k x;k Fkk jkT; ds nqXèk mRikndksa dks 2]96]126 ehfVªd Vu i'kq
vkgkj cspk x;kA Ms;jh isQMjs'ku }kjk ?kh] NkN] yLlh] Jh[kaM] iuhj] ngh] ph”k bR;kfn mRiknksa dk mRiknu Hkh fd;k
tk jgk gSA jktLFkku lgdkjh Ms;jh isQMjs'ku }kjk o"kZ 2019-20 ds nkSjku yxHkx 17,257 ehfVªd Vu ?kh dk foi.ku
fd;k x;kA
jkT; esa i'kqikyu dks c<+kus gsrq fuEufyf[kr xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSa&
zzljl lqj{kk dop& i'kqikydksa dks chek doj fn;k tkukA
zzjkt ljl lqj{kk dop chek ;kstuk& ;g nq?kZVuk chek ds Lo:i Hkh gSA
zzljl lkewfgd vkjksX; chek& blesa nqXèk la?kksa ,oa ;qukbVsM bafM;k ba';ksjsal daiuh ds lkFk vuqcaèk djds i'kqikydksa
dks chek fn;k tk jgk gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh nqXèk mRiknd lEcy ;kstukA
eRL; (Fishery)
eRL; {ks=k }kjk jkT; esa miyCèk ty lalkèkuksa esa eRL; fodkl ds dk;Z ds vykok eNyh ds :i esa izksVhu ;qDr
vkgkj rFkk de”kksj xzkeh.k oxZ dks jks”kxkj miyCèk djk;k tk jgk gSA jktLFkku esa i;kZIr ek=kk esa tylzksr miyCèk gS]
tks yxHkx 4.23 yk[k gsDVs;j esa iSQyk gqvk gSA blds vfrfjDr jkT; esa yxHkx 80 yk[k gsDVs;j ufn;ksa ,oa ugjksa ds
:i esa tyeXu {ks=k miyCèk gSA ty lalkèkuksa ds vkèkkj ij jktLFkku ns'k esa X;kjgosa LFkku ij gSA dsanzh; efRL;dh
f'k{k.k laLFkku] eqacbZ (2010) }kjk fd;s x, vè;;u ds vuqlkj] jkT; esa 80,000 ehfVªd Vu ls vfèkd okf"kZd eRL;
mRiknu {kerk gS] tcfd jkT; esa o"kZ 2019&20 esa eRL; mRiknu dsoy 35256-16 ehfVªd Vu gqvk gSA jkT; esa eRL;
ikyu ds fodkl ds fy;s vPNh laHkkouk,¡ gSA
fofHkUu o"kksZa esa eRL; mRiknu dks fuEu rkfydk ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gS&
eRL; mRiknu
Ø-la- o"kZ eRL; mRiknu (ehfVªd Vu) eRL; cht mRiknu (fefy;u izQkbZ)
1. 2016-17 50199.37 1098.33
2. 2017-18 54035.34 1094.01
3. 2018-19 55848.99 1032.93
4. 2019-20 (fnlacj rd) 35256.16 974.70
430
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
eRL; foHkkx }kjk vkfnoklh eNqvkjksa ds mRFkku gsrq egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk ^vkthfodk ekWMy*] tks 'kwU; jktLo ekWMy
gS] jkT; ds rhu tyk'k;ksa t;lean (mn;iqj)] ekgh ctkt lkxj (ck¡lokM+k) ,oa dMkuk cSd okVj (M¡wxjiqj) esa izkjaHk
dh xbZ gSA bl u, ekWMy ds vuqlkj fyÝV vuqcaèk lcls vfèkd cksyhnkrk dks fn;k tkrk gSA vkfnoklh eNqvkjksa dks
eNyh idM+us dh laiw.kZ dher LFkkukarfjr djuk ,d egÙoiw.kZ 'krZ gS vkSj eNyh idM+us dh nj ns'k esa lokZfèkd gSA
56 eNqvkjk lfefr;ksa ds 7193 eNqvkjs ykHkkfUor fd;s tk jgs gSa rFkk fu;fer vkèkkj ij dk;Z djus okys vkfnoklh
eNqvkjksa dh vkenuh esa dbZ xquk c<+ksrjh gqbZ gSA
us'kuy fe'ku iQkWj izksVhu lIyhesaV ;kstuk ds varxZr ` 3-44 djksM+ dYpj ;kstuk ckaèk ekgh ctkt lkxj
(ckalokM+k) esa vkèkqfud eRL; rduhdksa ds izkS|ksfxdh foLrkj ,oa izn'kZu gsrq Loho`Qr dh xbZ gS ftlds varxZr 56 rSjrs
fiatjs LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gS blds rhljs pj.k esa LFkkfir fiatjksa dks vkfnoklh eNqvkjk lgdkjh lfefr cLlhikM+k
(ckalokM+k) dks vkoafVr fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa ltkoVh eNyh ifj;kstuk ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s ` 3-64 djksM+ Loho`Qr fd;s x, gSaA
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk iwoZ esa py jgh eRL; fodkl dh ykHkdkjh ;kstukvksa dks Loho`Qr dj ` 3000 djksM+ dh uhyh
ozQkafr ;kstuk vkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2022 rd fdlkuksa dh vk; nksxquh djus dh ;kstuk

(Plan to Double the Income of Farmers by Year 2022)
fdlkuksa dh vk; dk fuEu Lrj vkSj blesa izfro"kZ mrkj&p<+ko Ñf"k lacaèkh ladV dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA ;g
ladV c<+ jgk gS vkSj le; ds lkFk&lkFk xaHkhj gks jgk gS vkSj ns'k dh yxHkx ipkl izfr'kr tula[;k ij vlj Mky
jgk gS tks viuh vkthfodk ds fy;s Ñf"k ij fuHkZj gSA fdlkuksa dh vk; dk fujarj fuEu Lrj ns'k esa Ñf"k ds Hkfo";
ij xaHkhj izfrdwy izHkko dk dkj.k Hkh cu ldrk gSA Ñf"k ds Hkfo"; dks lqjf{kr djus vkSj Hkkjr dh tula[;k ds
vkèks Hkkx dh vkthfodk lqèkkj ds fy;s fdlkuksa ds dY;k.k esa lqèkkj vkSj Ñf"k vk; esa o`f¼ dh vksj i;kZIr è;ku nsus
dh vko';drk gSA bl y{; dh izkfIr ls Ñf"k vkSj xSj&Ñf"k vk; ds eè; LFkk;h vlekurk de gksxh] Ñf"k lacaèkh
ladV ?kVsaxs] lekos'kh fodkl dks izksRlkgu feysxk vkSj Ñf"k {ks=kd esa xfr'khyrk dk lekos'k gksxkA Ñf"k {ks=k esa vPNh
vk; ;qokvksa dks Ñf"k lacaèkh O;olk; dh vksj vkdf"kZr Hkh djsxh vkSj xSj&Ñf"k ukSdfj;ksa (dk;ks±) ij cks> de gksxk]
tks vk'kk ds vuq:i ugha c<+ jgh gSaA
fdlkuksa dh okLrfod vk; dks 2015-16 ds vkèkkj o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 2022-23 rd nqxquk djus ds fy;s fdlkuksa
dh vk; esa 10.41 izfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f¼ nj visf{kr gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd Ñf"k vk; dh orZeku vkSj iwoZ esa
gkfly dh xbZ o`f¼ nj dks rs”kh ls c<+kuk gksxkA vr% Ñf"k {ks=kd ds vanj vkSj ckgj fdlkuksa dh vk; dks c<+kus ds
lHkh laHkkfor lzksrksa dk lnqi;ksx djus ds fy;s l'kDr mik;ksa dh ”k:jr gksxhA Ñf"k {ks=kd ds varxZr o`f¼ ds izeq[k
Ïksr fuEukuqlkj gSaA
zzmRikndrk esa lqèkkj] zziQly xgurk esa o`f¼]
zzlalkèku mi;ksx dq'kyrk vFkok mRiknu ykxr esa cpr] zzmPp ewY; okyh iQlyksa esa fofoèkhdj.kA
Ñf"k {ks=kd ls ckgj ds Ïksrksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa&
zzÑ"kdksa dks Ñf"k ls xSj&Ñf"k O;olk;ksa esa yxkukA
zzfdlkuksa ds fy;s O;kikj dh 'krks± esa lqèkkj vFkok fdlkuksa }kjk izkIr dh xbZ okLrfod dherksa esa lqèkkjA
2022 rd fdlkuksa dh vk; dks nqxquk djuk fu'p; gh pqukSrhiw.kZ gS ysfdu bldh vko';drk gS vkSj ;g izkI;
gSA fdlkuksa dh vk; dks nqxquk djus ds fy;s Ñf"k {ks=k esa (i) fodkl igyksa (ii) izkS|ksfxdh vkSj (iii) uhfrxr lqèkkjksa
ij dsafnzr rhu lw=kh dk;Zuhfr;ksa dh vko';drk gSA y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy;s mRiknu dks c<+kus okys lalkèkuksa dh
431
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
o`f¼ njksa esa 33 izfr'kr rd dh c<+ksrjh djus dh vko';drk gSA ns'k esa xq.koÙkk ;qDr cht] moZjd ds mi;ksx vkSj
Ñf"k {ks=k esa fctyh dh vkiwfrZ esa Øe'k% 12.8, 4.4 vkSj 7.6 izfr'kr izfro"kZ c<+ksrjh djus dh vko';drk gSA flafpr
{ks=k esa 1.78 fefy;u gsDVs;j dk foLrkj vkSj nksgjh iQly okys {ks=k esa 1.85 fefy;u gsDVs;j dh c<+ksrjh izfro"kZ dh
tkuh pkfg;sA blds vfrfjDr iQyksa vkSj lfC”k;ksa ds mRiknu okys {ks=k esa 5 izfr'kr izfro"kZ o`f¼ dh tkus dh vko';drk
gSA i'kqèku ds lacaèk esa i'kqvksa dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj] csgrj pkjk] Ñf=ke xHkkZèkku esa c<+ksrjh] cPps nsus ds varjky esa
deh] igyh ckj cPpk nsus dh vk;q esa deh djuk] o`f¼ ds laHkkfor lzksr gSaA
vuqlaèkku laLFkkuksa dks izkS|ksfxdh lacaèkh egÙoiw.kZ [kkst djuh pkfg;s rkfd mRiknu esa lhekvksa dks ikj fd;k tk
lds vkSj fuos'k lkexzh ds mi;ksx esa dq'kyrk ykbZ tk ldsA mRiknu vkSj fdlkuksa dh vk; dks i;kZIr :i ls c<+kus
ds fy;s Ñf"k foKku lacaèkh i¼fr;ksa tSls ifj'kq¼ Ñf"k ds dk;Z{ks=k ds O;kid gksus ds lk{; c<+ jgs gSaA blh izdkj
vkèkqfud e'khuksa tSls Hkwfe ler djus dh ys”kj e'khu] ifj'kq¼ cqvkbZ vkSj jksi.k e'khu vkSj i¼fr;ksa tSls ,lvkjvkbZ
(èkku xgurk iz.kkyh)] izR;{k cks;k x;k èkku] 'kwU; tqrkbZ] Åij mBh D;kfj;ksa esa jksi.k vkSj es<+jksi.k ls rduhdh :i
ls mPp dq'ky Ñf"k gksrh gSA rFkkfi] lkoZtfud {ks=kd }kjk fodflr bu izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh foØ; {kerk cgqr [kjkc gSA
fdlkuksa }kjk mudks viuk;k tk,] blds fy;s mudk izpkj&izlkj djus dh vko';drk gSA vkj ,aM Mh laLFkkuksa dks
muds iSds”kksa esa ”kehuh Lrj dh uoksUes"k vkSj ijaijkxr i¼fr;ksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djuk pkfg;s tks ykspnkj] laèkkj.kh;
vkSj vk; esa o`f¼ djus okyh gSaA
vkbZlh,vkj vkSj izns'kksa ds Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks Ñf"k vk; ij è;ku nsrs gq, ,d iSds”k esa mudh lHkh izkS|ksfxfd;ksa
dks 'kkfey dj fofHkUu izdkj dh lkekftd vkSj tSo HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy;s Ñf"k iz.kkyh ds izfr:i fodflr
djus pkfg;sA blesa vU; mi&iz.kkfy;ksa tSls iQly Øe] iQy feJ.k] i'kqèku] ckxokuh] okfudh ds lkFk lHkh mi&iz.kkfy;ksa
ds fy;s mRiknu] laj{k.k vkSj iQly dVkbZ mijkar ewY;oèkZu dks djrs gq, izkS|ksfxdh vkSj mÙke i¼fr;k¡ 'kkfey gksaxhA
,sls ifjorZu ds fy;s lHkh fo"k;ksa ij Kku ds vkèkkj dks c<+kus ds fy;s varfoZ"k;d mikxe dh vko';drk gSA
fdlkuksa dh vk; esa yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ o`f¼ csgrj dher izkfIr] iQly dVkbZ mijkar dq'ky izcaèku izfrLièkkZRed
ewY; lao¼Zu vkSj lac¼ dk;Zdykiksa dks viukus ds ekè;e ls ljyrk ls izkI; gSA blds fy;s ck”kkj esa O;kid lqèkkj]
Hkwfe iV~Vk vkSj futh Hkwfe ij o`{kkjksi.k dh vko';drk gSA vkèkqfud iwath vkSj vkèkqfud Kku ds vHkko esa Ñf"k ij
izfrdwy izHkko iM+k gSA mRiknu vkSj ck”kkj esa mÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ futh fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s Ñf"k dks mnkj
cukus dh vko';drk gSA blh izdkj ,iQihvks vkSj ,iQihlh y?kq Ñf"k O;olk; dks c<+kok nsus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk
ldrs gSaA izfrLièkkZRed ck”kkj ;k ljdkjh gLr{ksi ds ekè;e ls Ñf"k mRikn ds fy;s ,e,lih lqfuf'pr djus ek=k ls
gh cgqr ls jkT;ksa esa fdlkuksa dh vk; esas dkiQh o`f¼ gksxhA
Ñf"k ds fy;s vfèkdka'k fodklkRed igysa vkSj uhfr;k¡ jkT;ksa }kjk dk;kZfUor dh tkrh gSaA jkT; flapkbZ tSls cgqr
ls fodklkRed dk;Zdykiksa ij dsanz }kjk ifjO;; dh rqyuk esa cgqr vfèkd fuos'k djrs gSaA ck”kkj vkSj Hkwfe iV~Vksa ls
lacafèkr fofHkUu lqèkkjksa dh izxfr Hkh jkT;ksa dk fo"k; gSA blfy;s fdlkuksa dh vk; dks nqxquk djus ds y{; dks viukus
vkSj mls gkfly djus ds fy;s jkT;ksa vkSj la?k jkT;&{ks=kksa dks la?kfVr djuk vfuok;Z gSA ;fn dsanz vkSj lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj
la?k jkT;&{ks=kksa }kjk laxfBr vkSj vPNh rjg ls lefUor iz;kl fd;s tkrs gSa rks ns'k o"kZ 2022 rd fdlkuksa dh vk;
dks nqxquk djus dk y{; gkfly dj ldrk gSA
2020-21 ds ctV esa Ñf"k ,oa Ñf"k lacafèkr xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy;s izkoèkku
(Provision for Agriculture and Agricultural Activities in 2020‑21 Budget)
zzctV 2020&21 esa o`Qf"k ,oa lac¼ {ks=kd ds fy;s ` 9363-89 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa ijaijkxr o`Qf"k dks c<+kok nsus gsrq ` 41-67 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa lkSj mQtkZ pkfyr iailsV dks izksRlkgu iznku fd;k tk jgk gS blds fy;s ` 267 djksM+ dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
432
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjkT; esa 5 o`Qf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh ladYiuk dh xbZ gS blds fy;s ` 181-88 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k
x;k gSA
zzi'kqikyu ds fy;s ` 304 djksM+ dk izkoèkku gS ftlesa i'kq fpfdRlky; fu%'kqYd nok] uLy lqèkkj rFkk i'kq fpfdRlk
,oa i'kq fdlku fo'ofo|ky;] chdkusj gsrq (` 91 djksM+) vuqnku 'kkfey gSA
zzjkT; esa xksikyu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ` 713-6 djksM+ dk izkoèkku 'kkfey gS ftlesa eq[;ea=kh nqXèk mRiknd lEcy
;kstuk ds fy;s ` 200 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fn;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa e#LFky jksdFkke dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kk x;k gS blds fy;s ` 35-77 djksM+ dk izkoèkku
fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; esa mRiknu ds fy;s dqN y{; fuèkkZfjr dh xbZ gS os gSa&
iQly mRiknu y{; (yk[k ehfVªd Vu) cks;k {ks=kiQy (yk[k gsDVs;j)
[kk|kUu 214.17 151.71
frygu 70.91 49.5
xUuk 3.6 0.05
dikl (1 xk¡B = 170 fdxzk-) 20-42 yk[k xk¡B 6.2
zzvU; y{; gSa& o`Qf=ke xHkkZèkku 67-05 yk[k] caè;kdj.k 6-6 yk[k] eRL; cht mRiknu 1050 fefy;u] eRL; mRiknu
61]000 ehfVªd VuA
zzokfudh ds varxZr o"kZ 2020&21 ds fy;s 50 yk[k ikSèks forj.k rFkk 21-191 gsDVs;j ikSèkkjksi.k dk y{; fuèkkZfjr
dh xbZ gSA
Ñf"k vkSj lac¼ fozQ;kdykiksa ij O;;
zz (` yk[k esa)
vk;&O;;d
ys[ks l- v-
Ø-e- fooj.k (Particulars) vuqeku
(2018-19) (2019-20)
(2020-21)
1. Ñf"k dk;Z (Crop Husbandry) 231232.04 282801.01 331808.72
2. e`nk rFkk ty laj{k.k (Soil and Water Conservation) 7001.32 6068.37 6369.04
3. i'kq ikyu (Animal Husbandry) 117360.86 146119.85 158237.05
4. Ms;jh fodkl (Dairy Development) 3913.14 20000.00 20029.63
5. eNyh ikyu (Fisheries) 1370.06 1453.12 1683.81
6. okfudh rFkk oU; izk.kh (Forestry and Wild Life) 74956.49 77397.53 75198.17
7. [kk|] HkaMkj.k rFkk HkaMkjx`g (Food, Storage and Warehousing) 0.00 0.00 0.01
8. Ñf"k vuqlèa kku rFkk f'k{kk (Agriculture Research and Education) 27860.02 29326.82 32239.56
9. lgdkfjrk (Co-operative) 372780.27 520013.22 483424.48
10. vU; Ñf"k dk;ZØe (Other Agriculture Programmes) 1159.43 3358.74 9194.34
;ksx 837634.17 1086538.66 1118211.81

433
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lgdkfjrk (Cooperative)
lgdkjh lk[k lajpuk (Cooperative credit structrue)
orZeku esa lgdkfjrk {ks=k esa 'kh"kZ Lrj ij 29 dsanzh; lgdkfjrk lgdkjh lk[k lajpuk lgdkjh cSad] 21 nqXèk la?k]
37 miHkksDrk Fkksd HkaMkj] 36 izkFkfed Hkwfe fodkl cSad] 6,645 izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lgdkjh lfefr;k¡] 271 iQy ,oa
lC”kh foi.ku lfefr;k¡ ,oa 35,292 lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ izns'k esa iathÑr gSaA jkT; ds Ñ"kdksa dks iQly mRiknu gsrq
vYidkyhu Ñf"k ½.k iznku fd;s tk jgs gSaA o"kZ 2019&20 ds nkSjku ` 230 djksM+ ds y{; ds fo#¼ ` 41-35 djksM+
ds nh?kZdkyhu ½.k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA 7-98 yk[k fdlkuksa dks fnlacj 2019 rd 216-14 djksM+ ds eè;dkyhu o`Qf"k
½.k ,oa 7215-97 djksM+ ds vYidkyhu o`Qf"k ½.k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ (ds-lh-lh-) [Kisan credit card (KCC)]

jkT; esa vYidkyhu Ñf"k ½.k fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ ds ekè;e ls forfjr fd;s tk jgs gSaA fnlacj 2017 rd 34.24
yk[k fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ tkjh fd;s tk pqds gSaA
zzjktLFkku o`Q"kd ½.k ekiQh ;kstuk 2019% jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;g ;kstuk lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA bl ;kstuk ds
rgr fnlacj 2019 rd y?kq vofèk ds ` 7443-48 djksM+ ds ½.k tcfd eè;e vofèk ,oa nh?kZdkfyd vofèk ds
` 245-96 djksM+ ds ½.k ekiQ fd;s x, blesa yxHkx 28 yk[k fdlkuksa dks ykHk feykA
zzfdlku lsok iksVZy% jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlkuksa ls tqM+h lsokvksa tSls& ½.k vkosnu] lgkf;dh vkfn ds fy;s ,d
eap ds :i esa ;g 'kq: dh xbZ gS orZeku esa 61 yk[k ls vfèkd fdlku bl ij iatho`Qr gS ftudks izèkkuea=kh
fdlku fufèk ds rgr lR;kfir fd;k x;k gSA
zzjkT; lgdkjh iksVZy% ;g ,d ,dho`Qr eap gS tks lgdkfjrk foHkkx dh ;kstukvksa ds fozQ;kUo;u dks ljy cuk jgk gSA
Kku lkxj ½.k ;kstuk (Gyan sagar loan scheme)

jkT; esa xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks O;kolkf;d o rduhdh ikB~;Øeksa esa izos'k ysus ,oa Nk=kksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa
dks foÙkh; lgk;rk miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls ;g ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA Hkkjr esa f'k{kk izkIr djus ij ½.k dh
vfèkdre lhek ` 6.00 yk[k rFkk fons'k esa ` 10.00 yk[k fuèkkZfjr gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks C;kt nj esa 0.50 izfr'kr NwV
dk izkoèkku gSA
izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k chek ;kstuk (Pradhan Mantri krishi bima yojana)

jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkT; esa o"kZ 2016 esa izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k chek ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ] ftlds varxZr lwphc¼ {ks=k esa
iQly mxkus okys fdlkuksa dh iQly dk chek vfuok;Z :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA bl gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk Hkh leqfpr
va'knku lgk;rk ds :i esa fn;k tkrk gSA jch ekSle] 2017-18 esa lHkh dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa (lh-lh-ch-) dks jkT;
ljdkj ls izkIr vè;kns'k ds vkèkkj ij iQlyh chek djus gsrq funsZf'kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA
jkt lgdkj O;fDrxr nq?kZVuk chek ;kstuk (Raj Sahkar personal accident insurance scheme)
jktLFkku LVsV dks&vkWijsfVo cSad dh 'kk[kkvksa ds ½.kèkkjdksa dk vko';d :i ls rFkk deZpkfj;ksa o va'kèkkjdksa
dk ,sfPNd vkèkkj ij `6.00 yk[k rd dk O;fDrxr nq?kZVuk chek djok, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA
Lojks”kxkj ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk (Swarojgar credit card yojana)

jk"Vªh; cSad }kjk izk;ksftr Lojks”kxkj ØsfMV dkMZ ;kstuk ds varxZr xSj&Ñf"k lfefr;ksa gsrq ` 50,000 rd ds ½.k
miyCèk djok, x, gSaA izkFkfed Hkwfe fodkl cSadksa (ih-,y-Mh-ch-) }kjk o"kZ 2016-17 esa 279 ekeyksa esa ` 1.83 djksM+
ds ½.k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA
434
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
efgyk fodkl ½.k ;kstuk (Women development loan scheme)
efgykvksa dks vk; ds lkèku tqVkus dh n`f"V ls Hkwfe fodkl cSadksa }kjk efgyk fodkl ½.k ;kstuk ds varxZr
efgykvksa dks xSj&Ñf"k mn~ns';ksa rFkk Ms;jh O;olk; gsrq vfèkdre ` 50,000 dk ½.k fcuk Ñf"k Hkwfe dh izfrHkwfr ds
nks O;fDr;ksa dh xkjaVh ij miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa 37 ekeyksa ds 21 yk[k ds ½.k forfjr fd;s x,A
lgdkjh thou lqj{kk chek ;kstuk (Sahakari jeevan suraksha beema yojana)
jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu i'pkr~ lgdkjh cSadksa] izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa (iSDl) ds ½.kèkkjdksa]
va'kèkkjdksa o LVkiQ dks thou chek dk ykHk iznku djus ds fy;s 13 vDVwcj] 2008 ls ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
jktLFkku jkT; lgdkjh cSad (vkj-,l-lh-ch-) us LVsV cSad vkWiQ bafM;k (,l-ch-vkbZ-) ykbiQ ds lkFk 31 ekpZ] 2018
rd ds fy;s 19 tqykbZ] 2017 dks vuqcUèk fd;k gSA
iQly ½.k forj.k dh vkWu&ykbZu izfozQ;k% [kjhiQ] 2019 ls lgdkjh iQlyh ½.k vkWuykbZu iath;u ,oa forj.k
;kstuk] 2019 dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k gS ;g ukckMZ ds lg;ksx ls lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA
lgdkjh fdlku dY;k.k ;kstuk (Sahakari kisan kalyan yojana)

jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlkuksa dh iQlyh ½.kksa ds vfrfjDr Ñf"k lk[k vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq dsanzh; lgdkjh
cSadksa (lh-lh-ch-) ds Lrj ij mudh 'kk[kkvksa ,oa izkjafHkd Ñf"k lk[k lfefr;ksa ds ekè;e ls ½.k forj.k gsrq lgdkjh
fdlku dY;k.k ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstukarxZr Ñf"k ,oa xSj&Ñf"k iz;kstuksa gsrq dsanzh; lgdkjh cSadksa }kjk
vflafpr Hkwfe gksus ij vfèkdre `5 yk[k rd dh ½.k lqfoèkk miyCèk djokbZ tkrh gSA
lgdkjh foi.ku lajpuk (Sahakari marketing structure)

jkT; esa izR;sd eaMh ;kMZ ij vkSj ,isDl Lrj ij Ø;&foØ; lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ (jktiSQM) dk;Zjr gSaA ;s lfefr;k¡
jkT; esa fdlkuksa dks mit dk mfpr ewY; fnyokus] Ñf"k mRiknu esa c<+ksrjh ds fy;s mUur fdLe ds izekf.kr cht]
[kkn ,oa dhVuk'kd nokb;k¡ mfpr ewY; ij miyCèk djkus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA
lgdkjh miHkksDrk lajpuk (Sahakari consumer structure)

miHkksDrkvksa dks dkyk ck”kkjh vkSj ck”kkj esa d`f=ke vHkko ls cpkus ds fy;s lgdkjh laLFkk,¡ izHkkoh :i ls dk;Z
dj jgh gSa] tSls& miHkksDrk mRiknksa dks mfpr ewY; ij miyCèk djokukA bl mn~ns'; ds fy;s f”kyk Lrj ij jkT; esa
37 lgdkjh miHkksDrk gksylsy HkaMkj iathÑr rFkk 'kh"kZ laLFkk ds :i esa jktLFkku jkT; lgdkjh miHkksDrk la?k dk;Zjr gSA
feuh migkj ck”kkj (Mini uphaar market)

mn;iqj laHkkx esa izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lfefr;k¡ (iSDl)@o`gn~ {ks=kh; cgq&mn~ns'kh; lfefr;ksa (ySEl) dk p;u dj
30 feuh lqij ck”kkj [kksys tk pqds gSaA bl izdkj jkT; esa dqy 127 feuh lqij ck”kkj x, gaSA
lgdkjh vkokl ;kstuk (Sahkari aawas yojana)

jktLFkku lgdkjh vkoklu la?k dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1970 esa gqbZ] ftldk mn~ns'; x`g fuekZ.k lfefr;ksa@izkjafHkd Ñf"k
lk[k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds lnL;ksa dks vkokl fuekZ.k gsrq nh?kZdkyhu ½.k miyCèk djkuk ,oa lqfu;ksftr vkoklh;
dkWyksfu;ksa dk fodkl dj O;fDr;ksa dks lLrh nj ij edku miyCèk djkuk gSA
orZeku esa] la?k }kjk vius mi fu;eksa esa la'kksèkku ds i'pkr~ O;fDrxr vkokl ½.k lhèks vkosnd dks bl ;kstuk
esa euksuhr lnL; cukdj miyCèk djk, tk jgs gaSA bl ;kstuk esa ` 15.00 yk[k rd dk ½.k edku cukus] Ø; djus
435
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
,oa edku ds foLrkj ds fy;s 15 o"kZ rd dh vofèk ds fy;s miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 1998 ls edku ejEer@j[kj[kko
gsrq csch CysadsV ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk esa fufeZr Hkouksa dh ejEer ,oa j[kj[kko gsrq ` 3.00 yk[k rd
dk ½.k 7 o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA jkT; ljdkj }kjk vkoklu la?k dks ` 108.60 yk[k fgLlk
jkf'k ds :Ik esa fn;s x, gSaA dqy fgLlk iwath ` 252.18 yk[k gSA o"kZ 2016-17 ds nkSjku ` 101.55 yk[k dk ½.k
forfjr fd;k x;kA o"kZ 2019&20 esa ` 175 yk[k dk ½.k forj.k fd;k x;k gSA
vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad (Urban co-operative bank)

jkT; esa 33 vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad dk;Zjr gaS] ftuesa 3 jsyos lSysjh vjuj lgdkjh cSad gSa ,oa 6 cSad efgyk
vjcu dks&vkWijsfVo cSad dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA eYVhLVsV dks&vkWijsfVo ,DV o"kZ 2002 ds rgr vkn'kZ dks&vkWijsfVo
cSad ,oa fiQuxzksFk dks&vkWijsfVo cSad fyfeVsM jftLVMZ gaSA bu cSadksa esa ` 7,200.00 djksM+ dh tek,¡ gSa] ftu ij
okf.kfT;d cSadksa ls yxHkx ,d izfr'kr C;kt vfèkd fn;k tkrk gS rFkk tek jkf'k ij chek dh lqfoèkk Hkh miyCèk
djkbZ tkrh gSA vjcu lgdkjh cSadksa ds ekè;e ls ekpZ 2019 dks bu cSadksa dk ½.k cdk;k ` 3900 djksM+ rFkk dk;Z'khy
iwath ` 8500 djksM+ gS rFkk 'kq¼ ykHk ` 85 djksM+ jgk ;s cSad yxHkx 4 yk[k yksxksa dks cSafdax lqfoèkk iznku dj
jgs gSA
HkaMkj.k (Storage)
jkT; esa lgdkjh laLFkkvksa@lfefr;ksa ds varxZr 8,522 xksnke fufeZr gaSA bu xksnkeksa dk mi;ksx Ñf"k mit ,oa
lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (ih-Mh-,l-) rFkk xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr [kk|kUu HkaMkj.k
gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA 100 uoxfBr izkFkfed Ñf"k lk[k lfefr;k¡ (iSDl)@o`gn~ {ks=kh; cgq&mn~ns';h; lfefr;ksa (ySEIl)
esa xksnke ,oa dk;kZy; Hkou ds fuekZ.k gsrq dqy ` 1,000.00 yk[k miyCèk djk, x,A
[kku ,oa [kfut (Mines and Minerals)

jktLFkku esa [kfut lalkèku (Mineral resources in Rajasthan)
jktLFkku [kfut miyCèkrk vkSj ns'k esa [kfut dh fofoèkrk ds ekeys esa lokZfèkd le`¼ gSA ;gk¡ 81 [kfutksa ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds HkaMkj gSa] ftlesa ls 57 [kfutksa dk orZeku esa [kuu fd;k tk jgk gSA jktLFkku lhlk] tLrk v;Ld]
lsysukbV vkSj okWysLVksukbV dk ,dek=k mRiknd jkT; gSA ns'k esa pkanh] dsYlkbV vkSj ftIle dk yxHkx iwjk mRiknu
jktLFkku esa gksrk gSA jktLFkku ckWyDys] iQkLiQksjkbV] vksdj] LVh,VkbV] isQYLkiQkj ,oa iQk;j Dys dk ns'k esa izeq[k mRiknd
gSA vk;keh vkSj ltkoVh iRFkj ;Fkk& laxejej] lsaMLVksu] xzsukbV vkfn ds mRiknu esa Hkh jkT; dk izeq[k LFkku gSA jkT;
lhesaV xzsM o LVhy xzsM ykbe LVksu ds mRiknu esa ns'k esa vxz.kh gSA orZeku esa [kuu iV~Vksa dks bZ&uhykeh izfØ;k ds
varxZr fn;k tk jgk gSA jkT; esa o"kZ 2019 esa dqy ` 3076-98 djksM+ dk jktLo [kuu ls izkIr gqvkA
[kku ,oa Hkw&foKku funs'kky; ds eq[; dk;Z fuEukuqlkj gSa&
l?ku [kfut losZ{k.k (Intensive mineral survey)

bl ;kstuk ds varxZr [kfutksa dh [kkst ,oa vkdyu fd;k tkrk gSA losZ{k.k ,oa iwosZ{k.k ds vuqeksfnr iQhYM
dk;ZØe ds varxZr foÙkh; o"kZ 2019-20 esa 14 vUos"k.k dk;ZØeksa ds varxZr dqy 44 ifj;kstukvksa dks Hkw&oSKkfud
tk¡p ds fy;s j[kk x;k gSA ekg fnlacj 2019 rd okf"kZd y{; ,oa miyfCèk;k¡ fuEu rkfydk esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSaA
436
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
[kku ,oa [kfut dh izxfr (fnlacj 2019 rd)
dk;Z dh izÑfr okf"kZd y{; miyfCèk;k¡
{ks=kh; [kfut losZ{k.k (oxZ fdeh-) 300 175
{ks=kh; Hkw&xHkhZ; ekufp=k.k (oxZ fdeh-) 336 219.48
foLr`r Hkw&xHkhZ; ekufp=k.k (oxZ fdeh-) 82 52.41
fNnz.k (ehVj) 8900 1907.05
Hkw&HkkSfrdh losZ{k.k (ykbu fdeh-) 70 55
[kuu {ks=k esa lM+d fuekZ.k dk;Z ;kstuk (Road construction work scheme in mining area)
[kfut {ks=kksa esa [kfut ifjogu gsrq foHkkx mi lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx ds ekè;e ls djokrk gSA
[kfut iz'kklu ,oa [kfut lalkèkuksa dk fodkl

(Mineral administration and mineral resources development)
[kfut fj;k;rsa nsus] jktLo dh olwyh] [kku ,oa [kfut laifÙk;ksa ds leqfpr fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djus] i;kZoj.k
laj{k.k ,oa iV~Vk èkkjdksa ds fu;fer fujh{k.k ,oa mfpr ekxZn'kZu ds ekè;e ls [kfutksa ds laj{k.k ds dk;ks± gsrq [kfut
iz'kklu foax lfØ; :i ls dk;Zjr gSA
jkT; esa izèkku [kfutksa ds 193 [kuu iV~Vs rFkk vizèkku [kfutksa ds 15,257 [kuu iV~Vs ,oa 17,912 [knku ykblsal gSaA
jktLFkku jkT; [kku ,oa [kfut fyfeVsM (vkj-,l-,e-,e-,y-)

[Rajasthan state mines and minerals limited (RSMML)]
jktLFkku jkT; [kku ,oa [kfut fyfeVsM jkT; dk lkoZtfud {ks=k dk izeq[k miØe gSA ;g eq[; :i ls jkT; ds
[kfut ,oa vkS|ksfxd [kfutksa ds foi.ku ds dk;ks± esa dk;Zjr gSA daiuh dk eq[; mn~ns'; ykxr izHkkoh rduhd dk
iz;ksx djrs gq, [kfut laink dk vkèkqfud rduhdksa ls nksgu djuk gSA izkjaHk ls gh vkj-,l-,e-,e-,y- }kjk [kfut {ks=k
esa [kfutksa ds vUos"k.k@[kqnkbZ ds fy;s ubZ fn'kk esa iz;kl fd;s x,A iQyr% daiuh c<+rs mRiknu rFkk Å¡ps ykHkksa dh vksj
vxzlj gksrh xbZA
jkT; esa miyCèk [kfutksa ds vUos"k.k] mR[kuu ds mn~ns'; ls 30 vDVwcj] 1974 dks jktLFkku jkT; [kku ,oa [kfut
fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk daiuh vfèkfu;e] 1956 ds rgr~ dh xbZ FkhA
HkkSfrd ,oa foÙkh; izxfr 2019-20
fooj.k ifjpkyu jktLo (fnlacj 2019 rd)
,l-ch-;w- ,aM ih-lh- jkWd iQkLiQsV 36798.88
,l-ch-;w- ,aM ih-lh- ykbe LVksu 14690.27
,l-ch-;w- ,aM ih-lh- ftIle 2276.76
,l-ch-;w- ,aM ih-lh- fyXukbV 11230.27
106.3 esxkokV iou ÅtkZ ,oa 5 esxkokV lksyj mQtkZ la;a=k 3711.17
zzjktLFkku Hkkjr ds dqy dPps rsy ds mRiknu esa 22&23 izfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS tks ckEcs gkbZ (40 izfr'kr) ds
ckn nwljk loksZPp gSA jkT; dk dqy okf"kZd mRiknu yxHkx 7-5 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gSA jkT; esa dqy 4 isVªksyhiQsjl
csflu (14 ftyksa esa foLr`r) gS ftudk dqy {ks=kiQy yxHkx 1-5 yk[k oxZ fdeh- gSA 4 isVªksyhiQsjl csflu gSa&
437
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ckM+esj&lkapsj (ckM+esj ,oa tkykSj ftyk)A
tSlyesj csflu (tSlyesj ftyk)A
chdkusj&ukxkSj csflu (chdkusj] ukxkSj] Jhxaxkuxj] pq: vkSj guqekux<+ ftyk)A
foaè;;u csflu (dksVk] cwanh] ckjka] >kykokM+] HkhyokM+k ,oa fpÙkkSMx<+ ftyk)A
zzjkT; esa ckM+esj ls dPps rsy dk mRiknu 29 vxLr] 2009 dks vkjaHk gqvkA
zzckM+esj ls izko`Qfrd xSl dk mRiknu 2012 ls 'kq: gqvkA
zztSlyesj ls izko`Qfrd xSl dk mRiknu o"kZ 1994 ls izkjaHk gqvkA
zzjkT; ds izeq[k rsy mRiknd {ks=k gSa& eaxyk] HkkX;e] ,s'o;kZ] ljLorh] jkxs'ojh] dkes'ojh] ckèksokyk vkfnA
zzckM+esj&lkapsj csflu ds 38 {ks=kksa esa dqy 5-7 vjc cSjy] (1 cSjy = 159 yhVj) rsy ds HkaMkj dk vuqeku
fd;k x;k gSA
zzfoÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 (fnlacj 2019 rd) rsy ,oa xSl mR[kuu ls dqy ` 2559-77 djksM+ dk jktLo izkIr gqvkA
jktLFkku fjiQkbZujh ifj;kstuk

16 tuojh] 2018 dks ckM+esj ftyk esa ipinjk esa 9 fefy;u Vu okf"kZd {kerk okyh fjiQkbujh lg&isVªksdsfedy
dkWEiysDl ifj;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ifj;kstuk esa ,p-ih-lh-,y- dh 74 izfr'kr tcfd jkT; ljdkj dh 26 izfr'kr Hkkxhnkjh gSaA
zz;g Hkkjr dh izFke ,slh ifj;kstuk gS ftlesa fjiQkbujh isVªksdsfedy dkWEiysDl dk lfEeJ.k gSA
zzfjiQkbujh ds mRikn oh-,l&VI ekud ds gSaA
isVªksfy;e {ks=k ls vftZr jktLo ,oa mRiknu

ØwM vkW;y izkÑfrd xSl
mRiknu ih-bZ-,y- iQhl
mRiknu mRiknu dqy
o"kZ jkW;YVh (yk[k jkW;YVh vfuok;Z fdjk;k
(fefy;u ,e-,e-,l- ( ` djksM+)
(` djksM+) ehfVªd (` djksM+) vkfn (` djksM+)
cSjy) lh-,e-
Vu)
2018-19 3766.04 75.58 50.66 100.47 708.94 16.69 3883.22
2019-20 2465.52 51.08 37.35 85.28 807.71 8.97 2559.77
*fnlacj] 2019 rd
vè;k;&16
^jktLFkku vFkZO;oLFkk % f}rh;d {ks= * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
^vFkZO;oLFkk dk f}rh;d {ks=k* ml {ks=k dks dgk tkrk gS ftlesa izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dks fofuekZ.k iz.kkyh ds tfj;s
vU; :iksa esa ifjo£rr fd;k tkrk gSA bls ^vkS|ksfxd {ks=k* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blesa lw{e] y?kq ,oa nh?kZ rhuksa Lrj ds
m|ksx lfEefyr gksrs gSaA lw{e ,oa y?kq Lrj esa tgk¡ diM+s] eksecÙkh] peM+k] gSaMywe vkrs gSaA ogha nh?kZLrj esa LVhy]
Hkkjh e'khujh] jlk;u] iQ£Vykbtj] tgkt vkfn tSls m|ksx 'kkfey gksrs gSaA jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds ldy jkT; ?kjsyw
mRikn es f}rh;d {ks=k dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA
m|ksx (Industry)
ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu dk ewy fLFkj (2011–12) dherksa ij m|ksx {ks=k dk ;ksxnku%
438
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fLFkj ewY; (2011&12) ij jkT; esa ewY;o¼Zu esa m|ksx {ks=k
o"kZ@{ks=k ` (djksM+ esa) ldy ewY;o¼Zu esa izfr'kr ;ksxnku
2017–18 196066.04 32.94%
2018–19 201065.82 31.59%
2019–20 (vuqekfur) 205040.45 30.67%
fo'ks"krk% m|ksx {ks=k esa [kuu] fofuekZ.k] fo|qr] xSl] tyiw£r ,oa mipkjkRed lsok,¡ rFkk fuekZ.k {ks=k lfEefyr
gSa] dk ldy ewY; lao¼Zu o"kZ 2017&18 ds 32-94 izfr'kr dh rqyuk esa yxkrkj de gqvk gS vkSj ;g o"kZ 2019&20
esa 30-67 izfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku gS gkyk¡fd ` ewY; esa bldh o`f¼ gqbZ gS fdarq vU; {ks=kdksa dh rqyuk esa o`f¼ nj
de jgus ds dkj.k ldy ewY;o¼Zu esa Hkkxhnkjh de gqbZ gSA
ldy jkT; ewY; lao¼Zu dk izpfyr dherksa ij m|ksx {ks=k dk ;ksxnku%
o"kZ ` (djksM+ esa) ldy ewY;o¼Zu esa Hkkxhnkjh (izfr'kr esa)
2017–18 233147.24 29.05%
2018–19 259513.42 29.09%
2019–20 268968.89 27.81%
izpfyr ewY;ksa ij m|ksx {ks=k dk ldy jkT; ewY;o¼Zu esa ;ksxnku o"kZ 2011&12 esa 32-69 izfr'kr Fkk tks 2019&20
esa ?kVdj 27-81 izfr'kr jgus dh laHkkouk gSA
m|ksx foHkkx
jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl] gLrdyk ds fodkl ,oa vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk;ksa ds lapkyu esa vko';d ekxZn'kZu iznku
djus] m|ksxksa dks lgk;rk rFkk lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkus dk nkf;Ro m|ksx vk;qDrky; dk gSA orZeku esa m|fe;ksa dks
buiqV rFkk vU; lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkus gsrq m|ksx foHkkx ds vèkhu 36 f”kyk m|ksx dsanz ,oa 8 midsaæ dk;Zjr gSaA
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e vkS|ksfxd bdkb;k¡ (,e-,l-,e-bZ-)

[Micro, small & medium enterprises (MSME)]
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e vkS|ksfxd bdkb;k¡ jkT; ds vkS|ksfxd m|ksx foHkkx mRiknu] fu;kZr] jkstxkj rFkk m|ferk ds
vkèkkj fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa ;ksxnku }kjk vFkZO;oLFkk esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrh gSA vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds
varxZr fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa@;kstukvksa dh miyfCèk;k¡ bl izdkj gSa%
zzlw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dk iath;u@m|ksx vkèkkj eseksjsaMe (UAM)
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e miØeksa dh m|ksx vkèkkj Kkiu vfèklwpuk vfèkfu;e] 2015 jktLFkku jkT; esa ykxw dh
xbZ gS vkSj vkWuykbu iath;u 18 flracj] 2015 ls izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj rd 1]05]334 vkS|ksfxd bZdkb;k¡ iatho`Qr dh xbZ gSa ftuds }kjk 4]47]326
O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s jks”kxkj mRiUu fd;k x;k gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh y?kq m|ksx izksRlkgu ;kstuk
;g ;kstuk 13 fnlacj] 2019 dks jkT; esa m|eksa ds vkèkqfudhdj.k ,oa fodkl ds fy;s 'kq: dh xbZ gS] blesa
` 10 djksM+ rd dk ½.k foÙkh; laLFkkuksa }kjk miyCèk djkus dk izkoèkku gSA blesa y?kq m|ksxksa dk ` 25 yk[k
(C;kt nj 8»)] ` 5 djksM+ (C;kt nj 6») rFkk ` 10 djksM+ (C;kt nj 5») ds ½.k Js.kh dk vuqnkfur
½.k miyCèk djk;k jgk gSA
439
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvkS|ksfxd izksRlkgu f'kfoj
vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks c<+kok nsus rFkk turk dks vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ LFkkfir djus ls lacafèkr fu;eksa dh tkudkjh
nsus ds fy;s f”kyk ,oa iapk;r lfefr Lrj ij vkS|ksfxd izksRlkgu f'kfoj vk;ksftr fd;s x,A o"kZ 2017&18 esa
fnlacj] 2017 rd 83 f”kyk Lrjh; ,oa 316 iapk;r lfefr Lrjh; f'kfoj vk;ksftr fd;s x,A
zzpeZ m|ksx izf'k{k.k
peZ m|ksx ds izksRlkgu gsrq (peZ jaxkbZ@peZ lqèkkj lacaèkh rduhd) o"kZ 2017&18 esa 195 O;fDr;ksa dks izf'k{k.k
nsus ds okf"kZd y{; dh rqyuk esa fnlacj 2019 rd 1451 O;fDr;ksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k x;kA
zzjktLFkku lw{e] y?kq o eè;e m|e vfèkfu;e 2019
jkT; esa ,e,l,ebZ lsDVj ds m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dks vklku cukus ds fy;s bls vfèkfu;e dks 17 tqykbZ] 2019
dks vfèklwfpr fd;k x;kA blesa jkT; m|ksx fe=k iksVZy ij uohu lw{e y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk dk
izkoèkku gS rFkk jkT; ds lHkh (jktLFkku ljdkj ds) fu;eksa tSls& eatwjh] fujh{k.k vkfn ls 3 o"kZ rd NwV
izkIr gSA
zzjktLFkku fuos'k izksRlkgu ;kstuk&2014
bl ;kstuk esa o"kZ 2017&18 esa ekg fnlacj 2019 rd ` 23,260 djksM+ ds fuos'k ds fy;s 908 vkosnu izkIr
gq,A buesa ls 690 vkosndksa dks ` 21,820.45 djksM+ ds fy;s NwV izek.ki=k tkjh fd;s x,A
zzvU; ;kstuk,¡
nLrdkj ifjp; Ik=k
fu;kZr lao¼Zu ;kstuk
ued Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk
dkWjiksjsV lkekftd nkf;Ro (lh-,l-vkj-) jktLFkku [Corporate social Responsibility (CSR) Rajasthan]
daiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 dh èkkjk&135 ds vuqlkj] ,slh daiuh] ftudh okf"kZd vkèkkj ij usVoFkZ ` 500 djksM+ ;k
vfèkd vFkok VuZ vksoj ` 1,000 djksM+ ;k vfèkd vFkok 'kq¼ ykHk ` 5.00 djksM+ ;k vfèkd gks rks ;g lqfuf'pr
djsa fd daiuh izR;sd foÙkh; o"kZ esa foxr rhu foÙkh; o"kks± ds vkSlr 'kq¼ ykHk dk de ls de 2% fofHkUu dkWjiksjsV
lkekftd nkf;Roksa esa O;; djrh gSA bu daifu;ksa dh igpku ,oa lh-,l-vkj- leUo; djus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj
}kjk lh-,l-vkj- iksVZy csrrajasthangov.in dk fuekZ.k djok;k x;k gSA r`rh; ¶jktLFkku lh,lvkj lEesyu&2019¸
dk vk;kstu 4 twu] 2019 dks t;iqj esa fd;k x;k ftlesa lh,lvkj vokMZl&2019] dks 9 dkWjiksjsV~l ,oa 8 fozQ;kUo;u
vfèkdj.kksa dks iznku fd;k x;kA 149 lh,lvkj ifj;kstukvksa esa ` 573-1 djksM+ ds O;; dk vuqeku gSA
jkT; esa lh,lvkj ds iQ.M ds lnqi;ksx gsrq jktLFkku dkWiksZjsV lkekftd nkf;Ro vfèkdj.k dk xBu 6 uoacj] 2019
dks fd;k x;k gSA
xzkeh.k xSjµd`f"k fodkl vfHkdj.k (:Mk)

[Rural non-farm development agency (RUDA)]
jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk xzkeh.k xSj d`f"k fodkl vfHkdj.k (:Mk) dh LFkkiuk ekg uoacj 1995 esa ,d Lora=k
vfHkdj.k ds :Ik esa jkT; esa xzkeh.k xSjµd`f"k {ks=k dks c<+kok nsus ds mn~ns'; ls dh xbZA :Mk] nLrdkj ifjokjksa dks
Lojks”kxkj iznku djus ds volj dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s mi {ks=kh;] ,dhd`r ,oa DyLVj vkèkkfjr n`f"Vdks.k ls fodkl
ds ekè;e dks viukrk gSA :Mk cgqrk;r esa miyCèk lalkèkuksa dks mi;ksx esa ysrs gq, Åu] peZ ,oa y?kq [kfut mi {ks=kksa
ds fodkl dks ;g vfHkdj.k c<+kok nsrk gSA bldh dk;Z'kSyh ck”kkj vkèkkfjr ekax ds vuq:i gLrf'kYi mRiknksa dh
mRiknu Ükà[kyk esa ewY; lao¼Zu ij vkèkkfjr gSA blds varxZr xzkeh.k nLrdkjksa dks laxfBr djus] muds izf'k{k.k ds }kjk
{kerko¼zZu djus] xzkeh.k gLrf'kYi dk rduhdh mRFkku djus] xzkeh.k y?kq m|e mRiknksa dk fodkl rFkk vkèkqfud
440
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj fM”kkbuksa dk fodkl rFkk foi.ku O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djus gsrq ljl esyk] gse VsDlVkby
isQ;j&ubZ fnYyh] xk¡èkh f'kYi cktkj] jk"Vªh; gSaMhØkÝV ,Dliks] vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-,iQ-&ubZ fnYyh] ySnj isQ;j&psUubZ] lh-vkbZ-
vkbZ-&paMhx<+] f'kYikaxu&ubZ fnYyh] vkxk[kku&ubZ fnYyh] oL=k t;iqj] LVksu ekVZ&t;iqj] LVksuk&cSaxyq# vkfn esa jkT;
ds nLrdkjksa us Hkkx fy;kA bu xfrfofèk;ksa ds }kjk cM+h la[;k esa nLrdkjksa] cqudjksa] dqaHkdkjksa ,oa ewfrZdkjksa dks LFkk;h
jkstxkj miyCèk djk;k x;kA
:Mk ds bu fØ;kdykiksa dk izHkko jktLFkku tSls lw[kk izHkkoh jkT; esa Åu] peZ] y?kq [kfut vkfn mi {ks=kksa esa
Hkkx ysus okys nLrdkjksa ds Lojks”kxkj }kjk vfrfjDr lrr~ vk; esa o`f¼ rFkk {kerkvksa esa o`f¼ ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk
gSA Hkkjr esa ;g laLFkk xSj d`f"k {ks=k dks fodflr djus ds {ks=k esa vuwBh gSA
uokpkj (Innovation)
HkkSxksfyd ladsrd (th-vkbZ-) iathdj.k
:Mk }kjk CY;w ikWVjh mRiknksa] iks[kj.k iksVjh dksVk Mksfj;k oL=kksa vkSj lkaxkusj ,oa cx: gSaM CykWd fiza¯Vx ds laj{k.k
,oa izlkj ds fy;s th-vkbZ- iathdj.k vkjaHk fd;k tk pqdk gS rFkk iksdj.k ikWVjh ØkÝV ds iathdj.k dh th-vkbZ-
(HkkSxksfyd ladsrd) çkjaHk djus dh dk;Zokgh Hkkjr ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA
:Mk izeq[k :i ls rhu mi {ks=kksa ds varxZr viuh xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr djrk gS%&
zzpeM+k zzÅu ,oa oL=k zzy?kq [kfut (,l-lh-ih-)
bu lcds vfrfjDr {ks=kh; ck”kkj ds lg;ksx ,oa leUo;d :Mk dh nwljh izeq[k xfrfofèk gSA
vU; ;kstuk,¡
zzdksVk Mksfj;k DyLVj fodkl ifj;kstuk zzdksVk Mksfj;k gkM+kSrh {ks=k DyLVj fodkl ifj;kstuk
zz'ks[kkokVh VkbZ ,aM MkbZ DyLVj zzckM+esj d'khnkdkjh lh-,l-vkj- izkstsDV
:Mk }kjk iks[kj.k iksVjh] CY;w iksVjh] dksVk Mksfj;k] laxkusj rFkk cx: gS.M CykWd fizfVax tSls f'kYiksa gsrq HkkSxksfyd
ladsrd iathdj.k izkIr fd;k x;k gSA
fuos'k lao¼Zu C;wjks (ch-vkbZ-ih-): bldh LFkkiuk 1 twu] 2016 dks dh xbZ Fkh ;g ,d vkWuykbu lsok tks Hkkjr
ljdkj ds fuos'k ,oa izksRlkgu foHkkx }kjk fozQ;kfUor dh tk jgh bysDVªkWfud fctusl (bZ&fct) ls Hkh lg;ksx LFkkfir
djrh gSA bldk eq[; dk;Z miyCèk fuos'k voljksa dh vksj ?kjsyw ,oa fons'kh daifu;ksa ds fuos'kdks ds fuos'k dks jkT;
dh rjiQ vkdf"kZr djuk gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 (fnlacj 2019 rd) blds }kjk ` 7819-41 djksM+ ds fuos'k ds 14
izLrkoksa dks fozQ;kfUor fd;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl ,oa fofu;kstu fuxe fyfeVsM (jhdks)

[Rajasthan state industrial development and investment corporation (RIICO)]
jktLFkku jkT; vkS|ksfxd fodkl ,oa fofu;kstu fuxe fyfeVsM (jhdks)] jkT; ds vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks xfr nsus
okyh 'kh"kZ laLFkk gSA jhdks dk eq[; mn~ns'; fofu;kstu lao¼Zu ds fy;s vkS|ksfxd vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dk fodkl ,oa
foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA
jkT; esa fuxe }kjk lapkfyr ;kstuk,¡@dk;ZØe

(Scheme/Programme run by the corporation in the state)
vkèkkjHkwr fodkl
;g fuxe vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa dh LFkkiuk ,oa vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa gsrq vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkrk gSA jhdks }kjk
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd 805-27 ,dM+ Hkwfe fodflr dh xbZ rFkk 365 Hkw[k.M vkoafVr fd;s x,A
441
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
foÙkh; lgk;rk
;g fuxe jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl gsrq y?kq] eè;e ,oa o`gn~ Js.kh dh bdkb;ksa ds fy;s foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku
djrk gSA jktLFkku esa ;g y?kq] eè;e ,oa o`gn~ Js.kh dh bdkb;ksa dks NwV ,oa fj;k;rsa Hkh iznku djrk gSA lkFk gh
m|fe;ksa dks rduhdh rFkk izcaèkdh; lwpuk,¡@lsok,¡ Hkh iznku djrk gSA
fuxe eq[; xfrfofèk ds :i esa jktLFkku jkT; esa LFkkfir vkS|ksfxd ifj;kstukvksa dks lkofèk ½.k iznku djrk gSA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 esa (fnlacj] 2019 rd) lkofèk ½.k dh Loho`Qfr ` 18-84 djksM+] ½.k forj.k ` 65-15 djksM+
,oa olwyh ` 92-8 djksM+ jgh gSA
jkT; esa dsanzh; izofrZr ;kstuk,¡ (Promoted plannings by central government in state)
zz,lkbZM ;kstuk,¡
dsanz ljdkj dh lgk;rk ls fu;kZr lao¼Zu gsrq vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl ds fy;s ,lkbZM ;kstukvksa ds
varxZr fofHkUu ;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSaA orZeku esa 31 ;kstukvksa esa ls 30 ;kstuk,¡ iw.kZ dh tk pqdh
gSa o 'ks"k 1 ifj;kstuk dsanz }kjk vlkbZM ;kstuk dks can dj nsus ds dkj.k can gks xbZA bu ;kstukvksa ij foÙkh;
o"kZ 2019&20 esa dqy ` 377-97 djksM+ O;; fd;k x;kA
zzy?kq fodkl dsanz
y?kq m|ksxksa ds fodkl ds fy;s xzkeh.k rFkk vfodflr {ks=kksa esa ,dhd`r lajpuk iznku djus ds fy;s y?kq fodkl
dsanzksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA orZeku esa jkf'k ` 50.04 djksM+ ds vuqnku ds lkFk ` 130-91 djksM+ ifj;kstuk
ykxr dh 20 ifj;kstuk,¡ Loho`Qr dh xbZ gSaA bu ifj;kstukvksa gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ` 35-8 djksM+ tkjh fd;s
x, gSaA bu 20 ifj;kstukvksa esa ls 15 iw.kZ gks pqdh gSa ,oa foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 esa (fnlacj 2019 rd) `
106-06 djksM+ ` O;; fd;s gSA
jhdks }kjk fodflr fo'ks"k ikDlZ (Special parks developed by RIICO)

zz,xzks
iwQM ikDlZ
jhdks }kjk ` 4,965.17 yk[k dh ykxr ls pkj ,xzks iwQM ikDlZ Øe'k% cksjkukMk (tksèkiqj)] dksVk] vyoj ,oa
Jhxaxkuxj esa fodflr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
zztkikuh ikdZ
jhdks }kjk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij tkikuh laLFkk ^tkiku ,DlVuZYl VªsM vkWxZsukbts'ku* (tsVªks) ds lkFk ,e-vks-;w
gLrk{kfjr fd;k x;k gS] ftlds varxZr tsVªks ds lg;ksx ls jktLFkku ds vyoj f”kys ds uhejkuk vkS|ksfxd {ks=k
esa tkikuh bdkb;k¡ LFkkfir dh tk,axhA fofHkUu cgqjk"Vªh; tkikuh daifu;k¡ ;Fkk& fulhu] feRlqbZ] Mkbfdu ,oa
Mkbfuph dyj vkfn dks bl vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa bdkbZ LFkkfir djus ds fy;s igys gh ”kehu vkoafVr dj nh
xbZ gSA
mDr ikdZ dh liQyrk dks ns[krs gq, ,d vU; tkikuh tksu 500 ,dM+ Hkwfe ij vyoj f”kys ds f?kyksV
vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
zzfuxe }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ egÙoiw.kZ xfrfofèk;k¡@vfHkuo ;kstuk,¡
jhdks }kjk tSEl ,aM ToSyjh vkèkkfjr 2 fo'ks"k vk£Fkd {ks=k lhrkiqjk vkS|ksfxd {ks=k] t;iqj esa LFkkfir fd;s x,
gSaA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj 2019 rd yxHkx ` 1112.65 djksM+ dk fu;kZr gqvk gS ,oa yxHkx 11,094
O;fDr;ksa gsrq jks”kxkj l`tu gqvk gSA
efganzk xzqi us jhdks ds lkFk feydj efganzk oYMZ flVh (t;iqj) esa fo'ks"k vkfFkZd tksu (lst) dh LFkkiuk dh
gS] ftlesa ` 4461 djksM+ dk fuos'k fd;k x;kA o"kZ 2019 esa (vizSy&fnlacj) esa ` 1281-46 djksM+ dk fu;kZr
gqvk rFkk yxHkx 39-669 O;fDrvksa ds fy;s jks”kxkj dk l`tu gqvkA
442
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vyoj f”kys ds lykjiqj esa fLFkr fuxe ds vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa bysDVªkWfud flLVe fMtkbu ,oa fofuekZ.k (bZ-,l-
Mh-,e-) esa fuos'k vkdf"kZr djus gsrq Hkkjr bysDVªkWfud m|ksx la?k (bZ-,y-lh-vkbZ-,u-,-) ds ekè;e ls 50 ,dM+
Hkwfe ij bysDVªkWfud eSU;qisQDpfjax DyLVj fodflr fd;s tk jgs gSaA
orZeku esa jktLFkku esa fljsfed ,oa dk¡p m|ksx esa mi;ksx esa vkus okyk dPpk eky izpqj ek=kk esa miyCèk gSA
vr% bl m|ksx dks Rofjr xfr ls fodflr djus dh n`f"V ls jhdks }kjk uhejkuk ds f?kyksV Xykl ,oa fljsfed
gc esa 2,86,997 oxZ ehVj Hkwfe vkoafVr dh xbZ gSA blds vfrfjDr jhdks }kjk vtesj f”kys ds lFkkuk esa
1,55,000 oxZehVj Hkwfe ij fljsfed ,aM dk¡ap gsrq vkS|ksfxd {ks=k dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
Xykscy LVksu VsDuksykWth iQksje [GSTF] ds lg;ksx ls varjkZ"Vªh; iRFkj izkS|ksfxdh lEesyu (8ok¡ laLdj.k) dk
vk;kstu 19&20 fnlacj] 2019 dks mn;iqj esa fd;k x;kA
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad (Index of industrial production)
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad vkèkkj o"kZ dh rqyuk esa vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkekU; Lrj ij gqbZ vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk;ksa esa
o`f¼@deh dks n'kkZrk gSA vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad jkT; esa vkS|ksfxd izxfr dk eq[; lwpd gS] tks ekfld vkèkkj
ij ladfyr fd;k tkrk gSA ekStwnk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad Ükà[kyk dk vkèkkj o"kZ 2011&12 gS] tks fd 154 oLrqvksa@
mRikn lewg ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;s lwpdkad rhu izeq[k lewgksa ;Fkk& fofuekZ.k] [kuu ,oa fo|qr ds {ks=k esa rS;kj fd;s tk
jgs gSaA vkbZ-vkbZ-ih- osciksVZy esa f”kyk lkaf[;dh vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk ekfld mRiknu dh lwpukvksa dk vkWuykbu bUnzkt
fd;k tk jgk gSA
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad }kjk ifjyf{kr lexz vkS|ksfxd izxfr foÙkh; o"kZ 2014&15 ls 2017&18 rd rkfydk
,oa fp=k esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu lwpdkad
(2019–20 vuq-)
{ks=k 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20
fofuekZ.k 134.71 143.39 126.62
[kuu 132.85 134.76 126.69
fo|qr 124.96 137.07 136.42
LkkekU; lwpdkad 133.08 140.37 127.76
[kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx (Khadi and rural industry)

jkT; esa [kknh rFkk xzkeks|ksx ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa Lojkstxkj miyCèk djkus esa jktLFkku [kknh rFkk xzkeks|ksx
cksMZ dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx cksMZ dh LFkkiuk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa vlaxfBr {ks=k ds nLrdkjksa dks
jkstxkj iznku dj mPp xq.koÙkk;qDr oLrqvksa ds mRiknu esa lg;ksx djus] dkjhxjksa dks izf'k{k.k fnykus ,oa Lons'kh mRikn
ds mi;ksx djus dh Hkkouk tkx`r djus gsrq dh xbZ FkhA jkT; esa orZeku esa fuEufyf[kr ;kstuk,¡ [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx
foHkkx }kjk fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSa%
zzizèkkuea=kh
xzkeh.k jks”kxkj l`tu dk;ZØe (ih-,e-bZth-ih-)
izèkkuea=kh xzkeh.k jkstxkj l`tu dk;ZØe (ih-,e-bZ-th-ih-) [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj ds varxZr
[kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx cksMZ }kjk lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr fnlacj 2019 rd 196 xkzeks|ksx
bdkbZ;k¡ Loho`Qr dh xbZ ,oa 1]719 O;fDr;ksa dks jks”kxkj izkIr gqvkA
443
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzizf'k{k.k
xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh ;qokvksa dks iq"dj (vtesj)] lkaxkusj (t;iqj) ,oa ekmaV vkcw (fljksgh) ds izf'k{k.k dsanzksa ij
izf'k{k.k fn;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 (fnlacj 2019 rd) esa 264 ;qokvksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k x;kA blds
fy;s ` 58 yk[k O;; fd;k x;kA
zzvfHkuo ;kstuk,¡
varjkZ"Vªh; iSQ'ku fMtkbuj lqJh chch jlSy (<kdk] ckaXykns'k) dks jkT; ljdkj dh lgefr ls [kknh esa xq.koÙkk
lqèkkj gsrq iSQflysVj de dalyVsaV ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA dalyVsaV ds fujh{k.k esa iSQ'ku&'kks ds fy;s
u, fM”kkbu rS;kj fd;s tk pqds gSaA o"kZ 2017&18 esa iSQ'ku&'kks fnukad 7&10 fnlacj] 2017 rd fMXxh iSysl]
t;iqj esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA
jktLFkku [kknh rFkk xzkeks|ksx cksMZ ds lg;ksx ls lh-vkbZ-vkbZ- ds lkFk t;iqj ck; ukbV dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k]
ftlds }kjk ukbV Vwfj”e dks c<+kok fnyokus gsrq 9 flracj vkSj 15&16 flracj] 2017 dks vk;kstu fd;k x;kA
jk"Vªh;rk egkRek xkaèkh dh 150oha t;arh ds volj ij ljdkj }kjk 2 vDVwcj] 2019 ls 20 iQjojh] 2020 rd
[kknh oL=kksa ij 35 izfr'kr dh NwV iznku dh xbZA bl nkSjku fczozQh esa vizR;kf'kr o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZA
Je (Labour)
Je foHkkx m|ksxksa esa 'kkar lkSgknzZiw.kZ okrkoj.k cuk, j[kus ,oa Jfedksa dks le; ls osru ,oa HkÙks lqfuf'pr djus]
muds fgrksa dh j{kk djus rFkk Je dkuwuksa dk izHkkoiw.kZ fØ;kUo;u djus ds fy;s fØ;k'khy gSA
jkT; ljdkj }kjk fnukad 03 tqykbZ] 2017 dks vfèklwpuk tkjh dj 01 tuojh] 2017 ls U;wure et+nwjh dh njksa
esa la'kksèku dj vdq'ky] v¼Z dq'ky] dq'ky ,oa mPp dq'ky Jfed dh U;wure et+nwjh Øe'k% ` 207] ` 217] ` 227
,oa ` 277 izfrfnu dj nh xbZ gSA
jkT; esa vlaxfBr {ks=k ds Jfedksa ds vfèkdkjksa dks izHkkoh rjhds ls ykxw dj muesa tkx:drk iznku djus gsrq jkT;
ds 24 f”kyksa ;Fkk& t;iqj] tksèkiqj] Hkjriqj] vtesj] mn;iqj] dksVk] chdkusj] HkhyokM+k] ikyh] xaxkuxj] vyoj] fpÙkkSM+x<+]
ckalokM+k] >kykokM+] èkkSyiqj] ckM+esj] ckjka] guqeku<+] fljksgh] lokbZekèkksiqj] ukXkkSj] izrkix<+] Mwaxjiqj ,oa cwanh f”kyksa esa
lqfoèkk ,oa lwpuk dsanz izkjaHk fd;s x, gSaA
Hkou ,oa vU; lafuekZ.k Jfed dY;k.k eaMy }kjk o"kZ 2019&20 esa fnlacj rd 64]326 fuekZ.k Jfedksa dk
fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa ds :i esa iathdj.k fd;k x;k rFkk 1]39]380 fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa dks dY;k.k eaMy dh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk
iznku fd;k x;k gSA Hkou ,oa vU; lafuekZ.k Jfed dY;k.k eaMy }kjk fuekZ.k Jfedksa gsrq fuEufyf[kr ;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr
dh tk jgh gSa&
zzfuekZ.k Jfed f'k{kk o dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk zz'kqHk'kfDr ;kstukA
zzfuekZ.k Jfed lqyH; vkokl ;kstuk zzfgrkfèkdkjh dh lkekU; vFkok nq?kZVuk esa e`R;q ;k ?kk;y
zzfuekZ.k Jfed LokLF; chek ;kstukA gksus ds n'kk esa lgk;rk ;kstukA
zzfuekZ.k Jfed thou o Hkfo"; lqj{kk ;kstukA zzflfydksfll ihfM+r fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa gsrq Lkgk;rk ;kstukA
zzizlwfr lgk;rk ;kstukA zzfuekZ.k Jfed vkStkj@VwyfdV ;kstukA
Jfed la?k vfèkfu;e 1926 ds varxZr Jfedksa rFkk fu;kstdksa dk iath;u fd;k tkrk gSA o"kZ 2019&20 (fnlacj
2019 rd) 54 VsªM ;wfu;uksa dk iath;u fd;k x;k ftuesa lnL;ksa dh la[;k 10]569 FkhaA
Je U;k;ky;@vkS+|ksfxd U;k;kfèkdj.kksa }kjk pkyw foÙkh; o"kZ esa (fnlacj] 2019 rd) 2]052 izdj.kksa dk fuLrkj.k
fd;k x;k gSA
jks”kxkj (Employment)
o"kZ 2019 esa fofHkUu jks”kxkj dk;kZy;ksa esa 6]02]136 csjks”kxkj O;fDr;ksa dk iath;u fd;k x;k ftlesa ls 2]70]947
efgyk,¡] 94]406 vuqlwfpr tkfr] 79]747 vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk 3]04]497 vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds O;fDr FksA
444
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
okf"kZd dk;Z;kstuk esa 2019&20 esa jkT; esa 224 jks”kxkj f'kfoj ds lkFk gh Lojks”kxkj@jks”kxkj vkSj izf'k{k.k ds
voljksa ds ekè;e ls 27]881 jks”kxkj pkgus okyksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k x;k gSaA
foHkkx }kjk fo|ky;ksa ,oa egkfo|ky;ksa esa vè;;ujr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oa dk;kZy; ls laidZ djus okys vk'kkfFkZ;ksa ds
fy;s O;kolkf;d ekxZn'kZu ,oa lkewfgd okÙkkZvksa ds vk;kstu dh xfrfofèk;k¡ Hkh laiUu dh tkrh gSA
jks”kxkj lsok funs'kky; }kjk izdkf'kr ikf{kd if=kdk jktLFkku jks”kxkj lans'k esa leLr izdkj dh fjfDr;k¡] izfr;ksxh
ijh{kkvksa] izf'k{k.k Nk=ko`fÙk ,oa fofHkUu rduhdh ikB~;Øeksa dh lwpuk izdkf'kr dh tkrh gSA
jkstxkj foi.ku lwpuk dk;ZØe ds varxZr ,df=kr fd;s tkus okys vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj foxr o"kks± esa laxfBr {ks=kksa
(lkoZtfud ,oa futh {ks=k) esa jkT; esa jks”kxkj dh fLFkfr rkfydk esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA
laxfBr {ks=k (LkkoZtfud ,oa fu”kh) esa jks”kxkj
(la[;k yk[kksa esa)
laLFkkuksa fu;ksftr O;fDr laLFkkuksa fu;ksftr O;fDr laLFkkuksa dh fu;ksftr O;fDr
Ok"kZ
dh la[;k (yk[k esa) dh la[;k (yk[k esa) la[;k (yk[k esa)
2016 14827 9.65 6451 4.05 21278 13.7
2017 14829 9.06 6377 4.14 21206 13.74
2018 15011 9.68 6631 4.39 21642 14.07
2019
15038 9.75 6397 4.02 21435 13.95
(twu rd)
jks”kxkj iznku djus gsrq jkT; ljdkj ds dqN vU; iz;kl
zzjktLFkku csjks”kxkjh HkÙkk ;kstuk (eq[;ea=kh ;qok lacy ;kstuk)% ;g 1 iQjojh] 2019 dks 'kq: dh xbZ ;kstuk
gS ftlds varxZr csjks”kxkj ;qokvksa gsrq nks o"kZ ;k jks”kxkj ikus rd tks Hkh igys gks] izfrekg csjks”kxkjh HkÙkk fn;s
tkus dk izkoèkku gSA ;g iq#"kksa gsrq ` 3000] efgyk] VªkaltsaMj vkSj fnO;kaxksa ds fy;s ` 3500 izfrekg fuèkkZfjr gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh ;qok dkS'ky ;kstuk (MMUKY)% dkWystksa esa dkS'ky fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s 7 uoacj]
2019 dks ;g ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA blesa 45 fo'ks"k iz'kh{k.k ikB~;ozQe rS;kj fd;s x, gSa budh vfèkdre vofèk
350 ?kaVs gSA
vkèkkjHkwr <k¡pkxr fodkl (Infrastructure Development)

l'kDr volajpuk fdlh Hkh jkT; ds lok±xh.k lkekftd vkfFkZd fodkl dh dqath gSA blls jkT; eas vfrfjDr
fuos'k vkdf"kZr gksrk gS] tks fd vU; jkT;ksa ls izfrLi¼kZRed l{kerk iznku djrk gSA i;kZIr ,oa dq'ky volajpuk u
dsoy vkS|ksxhdj.k dks c<+kok nsrh gS] cfYd tulkèkkj.k ds thou Lrj dh xq.koÙkk eas Hkh o`f¼ djrh gSA
ÅtkZ (Energy)
ÅtkZ mRiknu
fo'o eas Hkkjr ds lkFk jktLFkku dk ÅtkZ {ks=k Hkh fofoèkrk ls ifjiw.kZ gSA jkT; ds ÅtkZ mRiknu ds lzksrksa ds varxZr
ijaijkxr lzksr tSls& dks;yk] fyXukbV] izkd`frd xSl] rsy] iu fctyh ,oa ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds lkFk&lkFk xSj&ijaijkxr lzksr
tSls& ok;q] lkSj rFkk d`f"k o ?kjsyw vif'k"V lfEefyr gSaA
jkT; esa ÅtkZ mRiknu ds izeq[k lzksr dksVk o lwjrx<+ rkih; la;a=k] èkkSyiqj xSl rkih; la;a=k] ekgh iu fctyh
ifj;kstuk] iou ÅtkZ] ck;ksekl] dSfIVo ÅtkZ la;a=k] Hkk[kM+k] O;kl] pacy] lriqM+k varjkZT;h; Hkkxhnkjh ifj;kstuk,¡]
jktLFkku ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a=k vkSj flaxjkSyh] fjgan] nknjh] vark] vksjS;k] nknjh xSl la;a=k vkSj Vudiqj] lyky] pesjk o
mjh ty fo|qr dsanzh; ifj;kstuk,¡ gSaA
445
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vfèk"Bkfir {kerk
jkT; eas ekpZ 2019 rd ÅtkZ dh vfèk"Bkfir {kerk 2107.64 esxkokV FkhA bleas o"kZ 2019&20 esa (fnlacj 2019
rd) 736.96 esxkokV dh o`f¼ gqbZA bl izdkj fnlacj 2019 rd vfèk"Bkfir {kerk c<+dj 21,175.09 esxkokV gks xbZ
gSA o"kZokj vfèk"Bkfir {kerk rkfydk esa Li"V gSA
o"kZokj vfèk"Bkfir {kerk
(esxkokV
esa)
Ø-la- fooj.k 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 (fnlacj 2019 rd)
1. jkT; dh Lo;a@Hkkxhnkjh dh ifj;kstuk,¡
(v) rkih; 5190.00 5850 6510.00
(c) ty fo|qr 1017.29 1017.29 1017.29
(l) xSl 603.5 607.50 603.50
;ksx (1) 6810.79 7470.79 8130.79
2. dsanzh; ifj;kstukvksa ls jkT; dks vkoafVr
(v) rkih; 1793.05 1793.05 1870.46
(c) ty fo|qr 738.79 740.66 740.66
(l) xSl 221.1 221.10 221.10
(n) ijek.kq 456.74 456.74 456.74
;ksx (2) 3210.13 3212.00 3288.86
3. vkj-vkj-bZ-lh-] vkj-,l-,e-,e-,y- ,oa futh {ks=k iou ÅtkZ@ck;ksekl@lkSj ÅtkZ ifj;kstuk,¡
(v) iou 4137.2 4139.2 3734.1
(c) ck;ksekl 101.95 101.95 101.95
(l) lkSj ÅtkZ 1656.7 2411.7 2178.1
(n) rkih;@ty fo|qr 3636.00 3742.00 3742.00
;ksx (3) 9531.85 10394.55 9756.15
ldy ;ksx (1+2+3) 19552.77 21077.64 21175.09
Hkfo"; dh ;kstuk,¡& 2,800 esxkokV dh rhu ifj;kstuk,¡ izxfr ij gSaA

zzNcM+k lqij fØfVdy rkih; ifj;kstuk zzjkex<+ xSl rkih; ifj;kstuk
zzlwjrx<+ rkih; ifj;kstuk
v{k; ÅtkZ (Renewable energy)

jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe fyfeVsM jkT; esa xSjµikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa ls ÅtkZ mRiknu] n{krk ,oa laj{k.k dks c<+kok
nsus gsrq uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d uksMy ,tsalh gSA jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk fnukad 08
vDVwcj] 2014 dks ^jktLFkku lkSj ÅtkZ uhfr& 2014* tkjh dh xbZ ,oa ekpZ 2014 esa jkT; eas iou ÅtkZ dks csgrj
:i ls fodflr djus gsrq iou ÅtkZ uhfr esa la'kksèku fd;s x,A jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe }kjk fØ;kfUor dh tk jgh
fnlacj 2019 rd dh fLFkfr fuEukuqlkj gS&
446
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
(d) lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu
,d o"kZ eas vfèkdre lkSj fofdj.k rhozrk yxHkx 6&7 fdyksokV ?kaVs@oxZehVj@izfrfnu ,oa cgqr de vkSlr o"kkZ
ds dkj.k vfèkdre lkSj fnol (,d o"kZ eas 325 fnol ls vfèkd) ls jktLFkku le`¼ gSA uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ
ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkdyu ds vuqlkj jktLFkku eas lkSj lzksrkas ls 142 XkhxkokV lkSj ÅtkZ izkIr djus dh {kerk
gSA jkT; ljdkj us fuos'kdksa ds fy;s mi;qDr jktLFkku lkSj ÅtkZ uhfr] 2014 ”kkjh dj 25 xhxkokV lkSj ÅtkZ {kerk
dk y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;k gSA blls Å".k e#LFky ds :i esa tkuk tkus okyk jkT; rs”kh ls lkSj ÅtkZ mRiknu djus okyk
lcls cM+k dsanz cudj mHkj jgk gSA jkT; esa fnlacj 2019 rd 4637.00 esxkokV {kerk ds lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=k vfèk"Bkfir
gks pqds gSaA blds vykok jkT; ljdkj }kjk fuos'kdksa ds vuqdwy jktLFkku lkSj mQtkZ uhfr] 2019 tkjh dh xbZ gSA
([k) Lkksyj ikdZ ,oa esxk lksyj ikoj çkstsDV~l dk fodkl
jkT; esa lksyj ikdks± dh LFkkiuk gsrq fuEufyf[kr 3 la;qDr miØe daifu;ksa dk xBu fd;k tk pqdk gS&
zzeSllZ lkS;Z ÅtkZ daiuh vkWiQ jktLFkku fyfeVsM
zzeSllZ v<kuh fjU;q,cy ,uthZ ikdZ jktLFkku fyfeVsM
zzeSllZ ,lsy lkS;Z ÅtkZ daiuh vkWiQ jktLFkku fyfeVsM
uohu ,oa uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj us ^lksyj ikdZ ,oa vYVªk esxk lksyj izkstsDV ;kstuk ds fodkl
ds varxZr jkT; esa dqy 5,430 esxkokV {kerk ds fuEufyf[kr 6 lksyj ikdksZa dks lS¼kafrd Lohd`fr iznku dh gS&
zzHkMyk lksyj ikdZ isQt f}rh; (680 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k jktLFkku lksyj ikdZ MoyiesaV daiuh fyfeVsM (jktLFkku
v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe dh lg;ksxh daiuh) }kjkA
zzHkMyk lksyj ikdZ isQt r`rh; (1,000 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k la;qDr miØe daiuh eSllZ lkS;Z ÅtkZ daiuh vkWiQ
jktLFkku fyfeVsM }kjkA
zzHkMyk lksyj ikdZ isQt prqFkZ (500 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k la;qDr miØe daiuh eSllZ v<kuh fjU;q,cy ,uthZ ikdZ
zziQykSnh&iksdj.k lksyj ikdZ (750 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k la;qDr miØe daiuh eSllZ ,lsy lkS;Z ÅtkZ daiuh vkWiQ
zziQrsgx<+ isQt&1ch lksyj ikdZ (1,500 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k la;qDr miØe daiuh eSllZ v<kuh fjU;q,cy ,uthZ ikdZ
zzuks[k lksyj ikdZ (1000 esxkokV) dk fuekZ.k jktLFkku lksyj ikdZ MsoyiesaV daiuh fyfeVsM }kjkA
(x) lksyj :iQ VkWi ikoj tujs'ku Ldhe

jktLFkku jkT; }kjk fdl 5&6 o"kks± ds nkSjku uohu ,oa uohdj.k mQtkZ ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ns; 30 izfr'kr
dsafnz; foÙkh; lgk;rk ls rhu ;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA fnlacj 2019 rd bl vuqnku ds varxZr 37 esxkokV
vkSj fcuk vuqnku ds 169 esxkokV ds :iQVkWi la;a=kka dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
jktLFkku v{k; mQtkZ fuxe fyfeVsM }kjk vxLr 2019 ls ¶:iQ VkWi lksyj ikoj tujs'ku Ldhe 2019&20¸ ykxw
fd;k x;k gSA
(?k) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa lkSj ÅtkZ fo|qrhdj.k
jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe us dsanz ,oa jkT; ljdkj ds vkns'kksa ds vuqlkj vfo|qrhÑr xzkeksa@<kf.k;ksa ds fo|qrhdj.k
gsrq vkWiQ&fxzM lksyj iQksVksokWfYVd (,l-ih-oh-) gkse ykbfVax flLVe dk;ZØe gkFk esa fy;k gSA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr
fo|qr daifu;ksa }kjk ?kksf"kr vfo|qrhd`r xk¡oksa ,oa <kf.k;ksa ds vuqekfur 60,483 ifjokjksa ds ?kjkas dks fo|qrhd`r djus ds
fy;s lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk esa ykHkkFkhZ dks ?kjsyw ykbfVax midj.kksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq] Øe'k% 75 çfr'kr
vuqnku :jy bysDVªhfiQds'ku dkWiksZjs'ku }kjk ,oa 20 çfr'kr vuqnku jkT; en ls dqy 95 çfr'kr vuqnku fn;k tk jgk
gSA o"kZ 2016&17 ls 2018&19 rd lapkfyr bl dk;ZozQe ds varxZr 50]142 gkse ykbfVax flLVe dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
447
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
(M) iou ÅtkZ dk;ZØe (iou ÅtkZ)
Hkkjr ljdkj ds uohu ,oa uohsdj.kh; mQtkZ ea=kky; ds vè;;u ds vuqlkj jkT; esa 120 ehVj dh mQ¡pkbZ ij
jkT; esa iou mQtkZ {kerk yxHkx 1]27]750 esxkokV vuqekfur gSA fnlacj] 2019 rd dqy 4]310-5 esxkokV {kerk ds
iou mQtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gSaA
(p) tSfod nzO; ÅtkZ (ck;ksekl ,uthZ)
fofHkUu izdkj ds xSjµikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa esa ls tSfod nzO; Hkh vLFkk;h ÅtkZ dk lzksr gS] tks fd LoPN gksus ds
lkFk xzhu gkml xSl mRltZu dks Hkh de djrk gSA jktLFkku jkT; esa tSfod nzO; ds eq[; lzksr ljlksa dh rwM+h ,oa
twyh Ýyksjk gSaA
fu;ked vk;ksx }kjk lkekU; iz'kqYd fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy;s jkT; ds fofHkUu f”kyksa esa tSfod nzO; tSls& ljlksa ds
MaBy] pkoy dh Hkwlh ,oa twyh Ýyksjk lfgr vU; Ñf"k vif'k"V dh vfèk'ks"k miyCèkrk ds fy;s ,d vè;;u djok;k
x;k gSA jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe }kjk tSfod nzO; b±èku dh vkiwfrZ gsrq o"kZ 2019–20 ,oa 2020&21 eas lkèkkj.k
iz'kqYd fuèkkZj.k djus ds fy;s Lora=k ,tsalh }kjk ,d vè;;u Hkh djok;k x;k gSA jkT; eas flracj] 2019 rd 120-45
esxkokV {kerk ds 13 ck;ksekl mQtkZ la;a=k LFkkfir gks pqds gS tcfd 18-8 esxkokV ds 3 mQtkZ la;a=kksa ds fuIiknu dk
dk;Z py jgk gSA
(N) ÅtkZ laj{k.k dk;ZØe
jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe }kjk ÅtkZ n{k midj.kksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsus gsrq fofHkUu tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa ,oa
le;≤ ij izkFkfed ifj;kstukvksa dh LFkkiuk dj jkT; esa ÅtkZ dh cpr dh laHkkoukvksa dks n'kkZus ds fy;s ÅtkZ
laj{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;s tk jgs gSaA jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ fuxe] ÅtkZ laj{k.k dh fn'kk eas fd;s x, iz;klkas dh
igpku ds fy;s o"kZ 2009 ls izR;sd o"kZ ÅtkZ laj{k.k fnol 14 fnlacj dks ^jktLFkku ÅtkZ laj{k.k iqjLdkj* vk;ksftr
djrk gSA fnlacj 2019 rd dqy nl iqjLdkj lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;s tk pqds gSaA jktLFkku v{k; ÅtkZ laj{k.k iqjLdkj
m|ksx] ljdkjh Hkou] vLirky] ÅtkZ vads{kd@izcaèkd] O;fDrxr] laLFkk bR;kfn Jsf.k;ksa ds varxZr iznku fd;s tkrs gSaA
izlkj.k iz.kkyh (Broadcasting system)

izlkj.k usVodZ
jkT; esa ekpZ 2012 rd dqy bZ-,p-oh- izlkj.k usVodZ 28,363.29 lfdZV fdeh- Fkk] tks ekpZ 2019 rd c<+dj
41]104-4 lfdZV fdeh- gks x;kA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 (fnlacj 2019 rd) izlkj.k usVodZ esa 604-37 lfdZV fdeh-
dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
jkT; eas ÅtkZ dh miyCèkrk ,oa miHkksx
jkT; esa ekpZ 2012 rd ÅtkZ dh miyCèkrk 5,005.38 djksM+ ;wfuV Fkh] tks fd c<+dj ekpZ 2019 rd 8116.73
djksM+ ;wfuV gks xbZA o"kZ 2011&12 ls 2018&19 rd dqy mQtkZ miyCèkrk esa 62-16 izfr'kr blh izdkj ls dqy 'kq¼
ÅtkZ ds miHkksx eas Hkh 59-16 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
vfHkuo ;kstuk,¡
zz765 ds-oh- ra=k% jktLFkku fo|qr izlkj.k fuxe }kjk NcM+k] dkyh¯lèk ,oa dobZ ds rki fo|qr x`gksa ds mRiknu ds
ifjpkyu ds fy;s 765 ds-oh- izlkj.k ra=k fodflr fd;s x, gSa] ftlds varxZr 765 ds-oh- ds nks fxzM lc LVs'kuksa
(dqy 7,500 ,e-oh-,-) Øe'k% iQkxh (t;iqj) rFkk vark (ckjka) esa LFkkfir fd;s x, gSa rFkk 425-50 lfdZV fdyksehVj
lacafèkr izlkj.k ykbusa LFkkfir dh xbZ gSaA 765 ds-oh- okWYVst ij fo|qr ds izlkj.k ra=k dk lapkyu jktLFkku esa
izFke ckj fd;k gSA 765 dsoh- izlkj.k ra=k ds fodflr djus eas ikoj fxzM dkWiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k ds ckn fo|qr
izlkj.k fuxe ,d ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gqvk gS ,oa vxz.kh jkT; gks x;k gSA
448
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzLekVZ Vªkalfe'ku usVodZ ,oa ifjlaifÙk izcaèku iz.kkyh% izlkj.k fuxe us LekVZ Vªkalfe'ku usVodZ ,oa ifjlaifÙk
izcaèku iz.kkyh dks ykxw djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k gSA blds varxZr jktLFkku esa izlkj.k ra=k dh fuxjkuh ,oa fu;a=k.k
laHko gksus ds lkFk&lkFk gh fxzM dh miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr djus rFkk fj,fDVo ikoj ,oa izcaèku gsrq vkdyu fd;k
tk ldsxkA bl rjg izlkj.k ra=k dk csgrj lapkyu djus ds fy;s le; ij ewY;kadu dj dk;Z laikfnr fd;k tk
ldsxkA
zzfuth {ks=k esa lgHkkfxrk% jkT; esa 132 ds-oh- ds 144 lc&LVs'kuksas ds j[kj[kko dk dk;Z futh {ks=k dks lkSaik x;k
gS] blls izfr lc&LVs'ku ` 30 yk[k okf"kZd cpr gksxhA
futh {ks=k dh Hkkxhnkjh ls izlkj.k ra=k ,oa fo|qr mRiknu ifj;kstukvkas dks fodflr djuk
(Development of Broadcasting system and electricity
production planning with cooperation of private sector)
jkT; esa izlkj.k ra=k ,oa fo|qr mRiknu dh lqfoèkkvkas dks fodflr djus ds fy;s futh {ks=k dh lgHkkfxrk ,d
egÙoiw.kZ dM+h gS] ftlds }kjk ÅtkZ {ks=k dh xfrfofèk;kas dks rs”kh iznku dh tk jgh gSA
(v ) izlkj.k ifj;kstuk
jkT; eas 400 ds-oh- ds nks th-,l-,l- vyoj ,oa MhMokuk eas ih-ih-ih- ekWMy ds varxZr fodflr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
zzrhu izlkj.k ifj;kstuk,¡] lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk iz.kkyh ds vkèkkj ij oh-th-,iQ- ;kstuk ds varxZr yh xbZ gSaA
400 ds-oh- Mh@lh chdkusj&lhdj izlkj.k ykbu ih-ih-ih-&6 dk fuekZ.k dk;Z iw.kZ gks pqdk gS rFkk 'kq#vkr ds fy;s
rS;kj gSA
zz400 ds-oh- Mh@lh lwjrx<+&chdkusj izlkj.k ykbu ih-ih-ih-&7 dk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
zzjkT; eas lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk iz.kkyh ds varxZr ih-ih-ih- ds varxZr 220 ds-oh- fxzM lc LVs'ku dh nks
ifj;kstuk,¡ ,oa 132 ds-oh- fxzM lc LVs'ku dh lacafèkr 16 ifj;kstukvksa dks ykbuksa lfgr fuekZ.k fd;s tkus dk
fu.kZ; Hkh fy;k tk pqdk gS] ftldk dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
(c ) mRiknu ifj;kstuk,¡
jkT; ljdkj }kjk Hkkjr ljdkj ds izfrLi¼hZ fufonk fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dks viukrs gq, jktLFkku fo|qr izlkj.k fuxe dks
futh {ks=k ds mRiknudÙkkZ ls 5,665 esxkokV fctyh izkIr djus dh Lohd`fr iznku dj nh xbZ gSaA jkT; esa futh lgHkkfxrk
ls dqy 3,636 esxkokV {kerk dh ifj;kstuk,¡ fodflr dh tk pqdh gS] ftlesa ls xr pkj o"kks± esa 1,514 esxkokV {kerk
dh ifj;kstuk,¡ fodflr dh xbZ gSaA
ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a=k
jktLFkku eas ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a=k yxkus dh fn'kk esa 4X700 esxkokV dh ijek.kq bdkbZ
ekgh] ck¡lokM+k eas LFkkfir djus dh lS¼kafrd lgefr nh xbZ gSA
forj.k iz.kkyh (Distribution system)

zzmiHkksDrk% jktLFkku eas ekpZ 2019 rd lHkh fo|qr daifu;ksa esa miHkksDrkvksa dh la[;k 156.61 yk[k Fkh] tks 3.91
izfr'kr dh o`f¼ ds lkFk fnlacj 2019 rd 162-74 yk[k rd igq¡p xbZ gSA
zzxzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k
dqy xk¡okas dh la[;k (tux.kuk& 2011 fo|qrhd`r <kf.k;ksa dh la[;k% 86187
ds vuqlkj) % 44,672 (75-60 izfr'kr)
xSj vkckn xk¡oksa dh la[;k% 1,408 fo|qrhd`r xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dh la[;k% 74.80 yk[k
vkckn xk¡oksa dh la[;k% 43,264 (82 izfr'kr)
fo|qrhd`r xk¡oksa dh la[;k% 43,264 (100 izfr'kr)

449
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zznhun;ky mikè;k; xzke T;ksfr ;kstuk% nhun;ky mikè;k; xzke T;ksfr ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dk mn~ns'; jkT; ds
xzkeh.k {ks=kkas eas fo|qr forj.k usVodZ dks lqn`<+ cukuk ,oa xzkeh.k vkcknh {ks=kksa esa jgus okys ?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dks
fo|qr lqfoèkk iznku djuk gSA
zz;kstuk dh miyfCèk;k¡
ckgjoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds varxZr fnlacj 2019 rd 210 xk¡o o 13461 <kf.k;k¡ fo|qfro`Qr dj 240740
chih,y ifjorZu rFkk 694293 ,ih,y ifjokjksa dks dusD'ku fn;s x, gSA
zzlkSHkkX; ;kstuk
ekuuh; izèkkuea=kh }kjk 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds lHkh bPNqd ifjokjksa dks fo|qr miyCèk djkus gsrq izèkkuea=kh
lgt fctyh gj ?kj ^lkSHkkX; ;kstuk* dk 25 flracj] 2017 dks 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA
jkT; ljdkj }kjk lkSHkkX; ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gksdj 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=kkas esa nhun;ky mikè;k; xzke T;ksfr ;kstuk
ds fØ;kUo;u ls oafpr ifjokjkas dks fo|qr miyCèk djus gsrq ;kstuk gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj ls foÙkh; lgk;rk izkIr djus gsrq ;kstuk ds varxZr vfrfjDr fo|qr ra=k fodflr djus ds fy;s
losZ{k.k dk dk;Z izfØ;kèkhu gSA
zz^mTToy fMLdkWe ,';ksjsal ;kstuk* (mn;)
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jkT; dh fo|qr forj.k daifu;ksa ds ifjpkyu vkSj foÙkh; :i ls n{krk esa lqèkkj ykus ds
mn~ns'; ls mTToy fMLdkWe ,';ksjsal ;kstuk dks vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh fo|qr lqèkkj vfHk;ku
jkT; eas êq[;ea=kh fo|qr lqèkkj vfHk;ku ;kstuk* xzkeh.k ,oa d`f"k miHkksDrkvksa dks Hkjkslsean] xq.koÙkk ,oa ckèkk
jfgr fctyh miyCèk djkus ds lkFk fo|qr lacaèkh leL;kvksa dk Rofjr lekèkku djus ,oa lqjf{kr fctyh nsus
rFkk fo|qr njksa ij fu;a=k.k j[krs gq, vkSlr rduhdh ,oa okf.kT; gkfu ds Lrj dks 15 izfr'kr rd ykus ds
mn~ns'; ls flracj 2016 esa izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 11 ds-oh- ds 20,275 iQhMjksa esa ls 10,205 iQhMjksa esa ,oa 185 esa ls 101 uxjikfydk
'kgjksa esa fo|qr Nhtr 15 izfr'kr rd ykbZ tk pqdh gSA
zzmUur T;ksfr viQksMsZcy ,y-bZ-Mh- iQksj vkWy (mtkyk)
ÅtkZ n{krk dk lans'k izlkfjr djus ds iz;kl eas jktLFkku ljdkj] ÅtkZ n{krk lsok fyfeVsM Hkkjr ljdkj dh
lgk;rk ls ÅtkZ n{k midj.kksa ;Fkk& ,y-bZ-Mh- cYc] V~;wcykbV vkSj ia[ks ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA bl
;kstuk ds varxZr 54,933 ÅtkZ dq'ky ia[ks] 146 yk[k ,y-bZ-Mh- ,oa 1-93 yk[k ,y-bZMh- V~;wcykbVksa (20 okWV)
dk forj.k fd;k tk pqdk gSA
izèkkuea=kh dqlqe ;kstuk% ;g ;kstuk Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fdlkuksa ds fy;s lksyj iEi vkSj fxzM ls tqM+s lkSj mQtkZ
la;a=kksa dks LFkkfir djus ds fy;s ¶dqlqe¸ ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
jktLFkku esa vkfFkZd ifjorZu ds fy;s lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ekWMy

(Public-Private Partnership Model for Economic Changing in
Rajasthan)
lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk dk izknqHkkZo cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa ds varj dks iwjk djus ds fy;s lrr~ foÙkh; vkSj
laLFkkfud O;oLFkk ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ls futh fuos'k izokg ds vfrfjDr fofuos'kksa ds
ykHk vkSj dk;Zdq'kyrk Hkh c<+rh gSA lalkèkuksa dk dq'ky mi;ksx] vkèkqfud rduhd dh miyCèkrk] mUur ifj;kstuk
fM”kkbZu vkSj fØ;kUo;u rFkk lapkyu esa lqèkkj vkfn lc feydj dq'kyrk vkSj izHkko'khyrk esa o`f¼ djrs gSa] tks fd
lkoZtfud {ks=k dh ifj;kstukvksa esa vklkuh ls miyCèk ugha gks ikrh gSA
450
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk dh ifj;kstuk,¡ Rofjr fØ;kUo;u dks Hkh c<+kok nsrh gSa] buesa de ykxr ij ifjpkyu
,oa ;qfDrlaxr tksf[ke jgrk gSA futh izcaèku ls tokcnsgh Hkh c<+rh gS vkSj okafNr lsok ekudksa ds vuqlkj lqfoèkkvksa
dk j[kj[kko vkSj fu"iknu izksRlkfgr gksrk gSA varr% lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ls yksd lsokvksa ds csgrj iznk; vkSj
lkoZtfud {ks=k esa lqèkkjksa dks c<+kok feyrk gSA
vkèkkjHkwr {ks=kksa dh i;kZIr {kerk ls mPp mRikndrk] ifjogu ,oa vU; lalkèkuksa dh ykxr esa deh vkSj izfrLièkkZ
esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA jktLFkku ljdkj ;g eglwl djrh gS fd HkkSfrd ,oa lkekftd vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ds fuckZèk izkoèkku
ls vkfFkZd vkSj vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+kok feyrk gS] tks fd izns'k dh mUufr ,oa lekos'kh fodkl dks izksRlkfgr
djrh gSA
jktLFkku ljdkj ;g ekurh gS fd vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ds fodkl esa futh {ks=k ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk
gSA lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk] fu%lansg futh iwath vkdf"kZr djus ,oa futh {ks=k dks vfèk"Bkfir djus ds fy;s ,d
mi;qDr ekxZ ds :i esa mHkj jgh gSA lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks=kksa ds eè; ,d fudV Hkkxhnkjh] lrr~ fodkl dks lacy
iznku djus] xjhch dks de djus vkSj varr% yksxksa ds fy;s vfèkd le`f¼ dh iks"kd gks ldrh gSA
jkT; ljdkj ds jktLFkku&2020 fot+u nLrkost ds vuqlkj ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn dh o`f¼ nj dks c<+kdj 12
izfr'kr izfro"kZ cuk, j[kus ds fy;s lkoZtfud ,oa futh {ks=kksa esa iwath fuos'k esa o`f¼ vko';d gSA yf{kr fodkl nj
dks izkIr djus ds fy;s tgk¡ Hkh laHko gksxk] lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk dks vkxs c<+kus ds iz;kl fd;s tk,axsA
jkT; ljdkj us bZ”k vkiQ Mwb±x fc”kusl ds rgr fofHkUu igy izkjaHk dh gSa rFkk vU; dbZ dne mBk, tk jgs gSaA
vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa lao¼Zu foHkkx (Mh-vkbZ-ih-ih-) }kjk tkjh ,lsLesaV vkWiQ LVsV baifyesaVs'ku vkWiQ fctusl fjiQkWElZ dh
fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj fo'o cSad us bZ”k vkWiQ Mwb±x fc”kusl baMsDl esa jktLFkku dks Hkkjr esa vkBosa LFkku ij j[kk gSA
jktLFkku dks dsanzksa ds 10 izeq[k lqèkkj {ks=kksa esa ls 9 {ks=kksa ;Fkk& fuekZ.k vuqKk] i;kZoj.kh; iathdj.k] Je fofue;]
fctyh dusD'ku izkIr djus] vkWuykbZu dj foojf.k;k¡ nkf[ky djuk] fujh{k.k] lwpuk ,oa ikjnf'kZrk rd igq¡p] ,dy
f[kM+dh Lohd`r rFkk okf.kfT;d fookn fuiVku esa O;kid lqèkkj djus ds fy;s ns'k ds 5 'kh"kZ jkT;ksa esa lfEefyr fd;k
x;kA vkèkkjHkwr ifj;kstukvksa] fo'ks"kdj lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk vkèkkj ij fodflr dh tk jgh ifj;kstukvksa ds
uhfrxr ekeyksa ds fu.kZ; gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk eq[;ea=kh egksn;k dh vè;{krk esa cqfu;knh <k¡pk fodkl ifj"kn (dkmafly
iQksj baÚkLVªDpj MsoyiesaV (lh-vkbZ-Mh-) dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA lh-vkbZ-Mh- mu lHkh ih-ih-ih- ifj;kstukvksa ij] ftudh
ykxr jkf'k ` 500 djksM+ ls vfèkd gS] ij fofHkUu uhfrxr ekeyksa ij fu.kZ; dj vuqefr iznku djrh gSA
jkT; ljdkj }kjk lh-vkbZ-Mh- ds dk;ks± ds lqpk: lapkyu esa lg;ksx ds fy;s eq[; lfpo] jktLFkku dh vè;{krk
esa cqfu;knh <k¡pk fodkl gsrq ,d mPpkfèkdkj izkIr lfefr (bZ-lh-vkbZZ-Mh-) dk Hkh xBu fd;k x;k gSA bl mPpkfèkdkj
izkIr lfefr }kjk cqfu;knh <k¡pk fodkl ifj"kn dks izLrqr djus ds fy;s izLrko rS;kj djus] leh{kk djus] uhfr i=kksa dh
fliQkfj'k izLrqr djus ds lkFk lh-vkbZ-Mh- ds fu.kZ;ksa ds fØ;kUo;u dh fuxjkuh (iQkWyksvi) dk dk;Z Hkh fd;k tk,xkA
ifj"kn ds mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq vko';drkuqlkj vU; dk;Zokgh Hkh lfefr ds }kjk laiUu dh tk ldsxhA vk;kstuk
foHkkx ifj"kn~ ,oa lfefr ds lfpoky; dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA
jkT; esa lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk dk lkekU; ifjn`';

(General features of public-private partnership in state)
jkT; esa 31 fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 16953-24 djksM+ dh ykxr ls 183 ifj;kstuk,¡ iw.kZ gks pqdh] 33 ifj;kstuk
ftudh ftudh ykxr ` 2609-38 djksM+ gS ds dk;Z izxfr ij gSA
451
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
{ks=kokj lapkfyr lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk ifj;kstukvksa dh fLFkfr (31 fnlacj] 2019)
fØ;kfUor dh tk
Ø-la- lsDVj iw.kZ ifj;kstuk,¡ çfØ;kèkhu ifj;kstuk,¡
jgh ifj;kstuk,¡
la[;k ` djksM+ la[;k ` djksM+ la[;k ` djksM+
1. lM+dsa (jk"Vªh; ,oa jkT; jktekxZ) 70 8536.58 5 597.87 67 9029.77
2. 'kgjh vkèkkjHkwr <k¡pk 22 420.34 13 646.37 16 12859.55
3. ÅtkZ 11 7097.09 8 1310.92 1 20.00
4. tykiw£r 1 46.00 – – 2 2165.00
5. lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh 1 54.01 – – – –
6. lkekftd 63 638.05 6 40.16 5 213.43
7. vU; 15 160.36 1 14.06 3 468.03
;ksx 183 16953.24 33 2609.38 94 24756.05
cká lgk;frr ifj;kstuk,¡ [External Subsidiary (Assisted) Projects)]

foÙkh; o"kZ 2019–20 (Fiscal Year 2019-20)
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 ds izkjaHk esa jkT; esa 13 ckg~; lgk;frr ifj;kstuk,¡ fozQ;kfUor dh tk jgh FkhA orZeku foÙkh;
o"kZ ds nkSjku nks ubZ ifj;kstuk,¡ ;Fkk& jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl dk;ZoQz e&2 (fo'o cSad) vkSj jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ
fuos'k dk;ZoQz e& izkstsDV&2 (,Mhch) }kjk Loho`Qr gksdj ozQe'k% 14 vDVwcj] 2019 ,oa 2 fnlacj] 2019 ls izHkkoh gqbZ
gSA vkSj nks pkyw ifj;kstuk,¡ ;Fkk& jktLFkku v{k; mQtkZ izlkj.k fuos'k dk;ZoQz e& ifj;kstuk&1 vkSj iquxZfBr tksèkiqj ty
iznk; ;kstuk ozQe'k% vizy S ] 2019 vkSj flracj] 2019 esa iw.kZ gks pqdh gSA pkyw ifj;kstukvksa ds varxZr o"kZ 2019&20 esa
` 5]080-92 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS] ftlds fo#¼ fnlacj] 2019 rd ` 3]688-92 djksM+ O;; fd;s x, gSA
ckg~; lgk;rk izkIr ifj;kstukvksa dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dk fooj.k

(` djksM+)
o"kZ 2019–20 ifj;kstuk izkjaHk
ifj;kstuk dk uke@foÙk iksf"kr laLFkk@ dqy ifj;kstuk esa fnlacj] ls fnlacj]
Ø-la-
ifj;kstuk vofèk ykxr 2019 rd 2019 rd dqy
O;; O;;
1. jkt okfudh ,oa tSo fofoèkrk ifj;stuk f}rh; pj.k
1152.53 21.12 #1086.26
(ts-vkbZ-lh-,-) vDVwVj] 2011 ls ekpZ] 2021 rd
2. iquxZfBr tksèkiqj ty iznk; ;kstuk (,-,iQ-Mh-)
740.50 35.76 524.56
iQjojh] 2012 ls flracj] 2019 rd
3. jktLFkku o`Qf"k izfrLièkkZRed ifj;kstuk (fo'o cSad)
806.43 96.59 578.97
tqykbZ] 2012 ls twu] 2020 rd
4. jktLFkku xzkeh.k tykiwfrZ ,oa Ýyksjksfll fujkdj.k
ifj;kstuk&ukxkSj (ts-vkbZ-lh-,-) tuojh] 2013 ls 2938.00 240.75 @2248.90
tuojh] 2020 rd
452
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
5. t;iqj esVªks jsy ykbZu&1 iQst ch (,-Mh-ch) twu]
1126.00 99.44 #932.58
2014 ls ekpZ] 2020
6. jktLFkku v{k; mQtkZ izlkj.k fuos'k dk;ZozQe (,-Mh-
900.00 1.47 809.91
ch-) uoacj] 2014 ls vizSy] 2019
7. xzhu ,uthZ dkWfjMksj ifj;kstuk ds varxZr varjkZT;
fo|qr izlkj.k ra=k (ds-,iQ-MCY;w-) vDVwcj] 2015 793.90 126.98 514.18
ls fnlacj] 2019
8. jktLFkku 'kgjh {ks=k fodkl dk;ZozQe& vkj-;w-vkbZ-Mh-
ih pj.k r`rh; (,-Mh-ch-) uoacj] 2015 ls twu] 3672.00 276.87 1133.78
2020
9. jktLFkku ty {ks=k vkthfodk lqèkkj ifj;kstuk VªkUp&1
1069.40 147.00 292.41
(ts-vkbZ-lh-,-) vDVwcj] 2017 ls vDVwcj] 2024
10. jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fuos'k dk;ZozQe&1 (,-Mh-ch-)
2452.36 440.52 *2285.07
ucacj] 2017 ls ekpZ 2022
11. jsfxLrku {ks=k ds fy;s ty {ks=k iqu%lajpuk ifj;kstuk
958.00 238.27 611.96
VªkUp&1 (,u-Mh-ch-) ebZ] 2018 ls vxLr] 2023
12. jktLFkku esa lkoZtfud foÙkh; izcaèku ds lqn`<+hdj.k
dh ifj;kstuk (fo'o cSad) tqykbZ] 2018 ls ekpZ] 202.08 9.86 35.07
2024
13. f}rh; izksxzkesfVd bysfDVªflVh fMLVªhC;w'ku fjiQkWeZ
MoyiesaV ikWfylh yksu (fo'o cSad) vDVwcj] 2018 1761.96 1761.96 1761.96
ls vDVwcj] 2019
14. jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl dk;ZozQe&II (fo'o
2996.70 147.77 147.77
cSad) vDVwcj] 2019 ls ekpZ] 2024
15. jktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fuos'k dk;ZozQe izkstsDV&II
2617.07 45.13 45.13
(,-Mh-ch-) fnlacj] 2019 ls ekpZ] 2024
dqy ;ksx 24186.93 3688.92 13008.51
# vU; ;kstukvksa ls jkT;ka'k 'kkfey] @ ,u-vkj-MCY;w-Mh-ih- dk Hkkx 'kkfey] * ih-ih-ih- dk Hkkx 'kkfeyA
ckg~; lgk;rk izkIr egÙoiw.kZ ifj;kstuk,¡ (Important external project/schemes)

jktLFkku okfudk ,oa tSo fofoèkrk ifj;kstuk iQst&2
zzfoÙk iks"k.k% tkiku baVjus'kuy dks&vkWijs'ku ,tsUlhA
zzykxr% ` 1152-3 djksM+A
zzle;kofèk% vDVwcj 2011 ls ekpZ 2021 rdA

453
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzmn~ns';% lk>k ou izcaèku (ts-,iQ-,e-) i¼fr ls o`{kkjksi.k ,oa tSo fofoèkrk laj{k.k dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk ouksa ij
fuHkZj tu&leqnk; dh vkthfodk ds volj c<+kdj i;kZoj.k lja{k.k ,oa lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl esa ;ksxnku nsukA
zzftys% jkT; ds 15 f”kys (chdkusj] tksèkiqj] pq: vkSj vU;) gSA
iquxZfBr tksèkiqj ty iznk; ;kstuk (,-,iQ-Mh-)

zzfoÙk iks"k.k% ,tsUlh izQsapkbt Mh MsoyiesaV (,-,iQ-Mh-)A
zzykxr% ` 740-5 djksM+A
zzle;kofèk% iQjojh 2012 ls flracj 2019 rdA
zzmn~ns';% tksèkiqj 'kgj ,oa miuxjh; vkcknh dh is;ty leL;k dk lekèkku djukA
jktLFkku o`Qf"k izfrLi¼kZRed ifj;kstuk&fo'o cSad

zzfoÙk iks"k.k% fo'o cSad (` 473 djksM+)] jkT; (` 202-93 djksM+) vkSj fdlku (` 130 djksM+)A
jktLFkku v{k; mQtkZ izlkj.k fuos'k dk;ZozQe

zzfoÙk iks"k.k% ,f'k;u fodkl cSadA
zzykxr% ` 500 fefy;u MkWyjA
zzle;kofèk% flracj 2014 ls vizSy 2019 rdA
zzmn~ns';% if'peh jktLFkku esa jktdh; {ks=k ds varxZr fo|qr izlkj.k iz.kkyh {kerk dks fodflr dj futh {ks=k dh
uohdj.kh; mQtkZ mRiknu {kerk dks c<+kok nsukA
xzhu ,uthZ dkWfjMksj ifj;stuk&jktLFkku fo|qr izlkj.k {ks=k
zzfoÙk iks"k.k% ds-,iQ-MCY;w- izQsadiQVZ ,e- esu teZuhA
zzykxr% ` 793-9 djksM+ (60» teZuh vkSj 40» izfr'kr jk"Vªh; LoPN mQtkZ dks"k)A
zzle;kofèk% vDVwcj 2015 ls fnlacj 2020 rdA
zzmn~ns';% if'peh jktLFkku esa iou mQtkZ o lkSj mQtkZ {kerk dk nksgu djus gsrq tSlyesj] ckM+esj] chdkusj ,oa
tksèkiqj esa ifj;kstuk,¡A
jktLFkku 'kgjh {ks=k fodkl dk;ZozQe&f}rh; pj.k
zzfoÙk iks"k.k% ,f'k;u fodkl cSadA
zzykxr% 610 fefy;u MkWyj (` 660 djksM+ jkT; ljdkj] 'ks"k ,-Mh-ch-)
zzle;kofèk% uoacj 2015 ls twu 2020 rdA
zzmn~ns';% p;fur 'kgjksa esa tykiwfrZ ,oa LoPNrk lfgr ,oa lhost lqfoèkk csgrj gksxhA
vU; ifj;kstuk,¡
zzjktLFkku esa lkoZtfud foÙkh; izcaèku ds lqn`<+hdj.k gsrq fo'o cSad dh lgk;rk ls 2018&2024 le;ofèk gsrq
ifj;kstuk pykbZ tk jgh gS ftlesa ikjnf'kZrk] tokcnsgh ,oa lkoZtfud O;; esa n{krk c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fodkl dk;ZozQe& ;g ifj;kstuk fo'o cSad dh lgk;rk ls pykbZ tk jgh gS tks ekpZ 2024
rd iw.kZ gksuh gSA blesa jkT; jktekxZ dks csgrj djds ;krk;kr csgrj djuk gSA
zzjktLFkku jkT; jktekxZ fuos'k dk;ZozQe&2% ;g ,-Mh-ch- }kjk foÙk iksf"kr dk;ZozQe gS ftldks ekpZ 2024 rd iwjk
djus dk y{; gSA blesa ;krk;kr n{krk esa lqèkkj ,oa jktekxks± dh lqj{kk dks etcwr djuk gSA
454
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jkT; dk tukafddh; ifjn`'; vkSj jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk
ij mldk izHkko (Demographic Scenario of the State and its Impact
on Rajasthan Economy)
jkT; dh tukafddh; ifjn`'; dk jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko

(Impact on Rajasthan economy of state demographic scenario)
fdlh Hkh ns'k ;k jkT; dh tukafddh; iz.kkyh dk ml ns'k ;k jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko iM+rk gSA jktLFkku
dh tukafddh; vkdkj iz.kkyh ds fofHkUu igyqvksa] tSls tula[;k okf"kZd o`f¼ nj] fyaxkuqikr] vk;q ,oa LFkku ds vuqlkj
forj.k] fuèkZurk&vuqikr] f'k'kq e`R;q nj] ekr` e`R;q nj] lk{kjrk vuqikr] Je Hkkxhnkjh nj bR;kfn dk mldh vFkZO;oLFkk
ij izHkko iM+rk gSA jktLFkku dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij fuEufyf[kr izHkko iM+rk gS&
tula[;k ds vkdkj esa izHkko jktLFkku ds tula[;k dk vkdkj
zzo"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vkèkkj ij jktLFkku n'kdh; o`f¼ nj – 21.3 izfr'kr
dh dqy tula[;k 6.85 djksM+ gS] tks o"kZ 2001 0–6 o"kZ vk;q oxZ dh tula[;k – 10649504
esa 5.65 djksM+ FkhA jktLFkku dh dqy tula[;k 0–6 o"kZ vk;q oxZ dh fyaxkuqikr – 888
eas fyaxkuqikr 928 gSA blh izdkj jktLFkku esa lk{kjrk vuqikr – 66.1 izfr'kr
tula[;k ds vkdkj dh fLFkfr fuEu pkVZ }kjk tula[;k ?kuRo – 200
Li"V dh xbZ gSA tUe nj – 24.3
zzbl izdkj jktLFkku dh tula[;k ds vkdkj esa e`R;q nj – 6.1
ifjorZu gqvk gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i jktLFkku dh ekr`&e`R;q nj – 244
tula[;k esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA blds lkFk&lkFk tUe thou izR;k'kk – 67.9
nj Hkh mPp jgh gSA
jktLFkku esa dqy iQfVZfyVh nj (TFR) esa izHkko
zzjktLFkku esa dqy TFR o"kZ 2016 ds vkèkkj ij 2.7 FkhA
zzo"kZ 2011 ds vkèkkj ij jktLFkku esa naifÙk lqj{kk nj (CPR) 50.3% jghA
zzifjokj fu;kstu viukus ds dkj.k lk{kj ifjokj esa naifÙk lqj{kk nj vkuqikfrd jgk gSA
zzjktLFkku dh dqy efgykvksa esa NFHS–4 ds vkèkkj ij 46.8 % efgyk jDrkYirk ls ihfM+r jghaA
zzjktLFkku efgykvksa esa ,uhfe;k ls ihfM+rksa dk c<+uk tula[;k esa o`f¼ dk dkj.k gS] D;ksafd lHkh efgykvksa dks iw.kZ
:i ls ikSf"Vd Hkkstu miyCèk ugha gks ikrk gSA
Je&Hkkxhnkjh nj esa izHkko
zzo"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vkèkkj ij jkT; ds dqy Jfedksa dh la[;k yxHkx 3 djksM+ Fkh] tks jkT; dh dqy tula[;k
dk yxHkx 43.6% FkhA bl izdkj Hkkjr (39.8%) ds ifjizs{; ls ;g ”;knk gSA
zzjktLFkku esa Je&Hkkxhnkjh nj lokZfèkd 55.5% izrkix<+ f”kys esa gS ,oa lokZfèkd fuEu nj 37.6% lhdj f”kys esa gSA
zzjktLFkku esa dqy Jfedksa esa Ñ"kdksa dk vuqikr 45.6% gS] tcfd Hkkjr dk 24.6% gSA bl izdkj jktLFkku esa dqy
Jfedksa es Ñ"kdksa dk vuqikr vfèkd gSA
zzjktLFkku esa [ksfrgkj Jfedksa dh dqy la[;k dk izfr'kr Hkkjr dh vis{kk vfèkd gSA
zzbl izdkj jktLFkku (yxHkx 62%) esa Jfedksa dh Ñf"k ij fuHkZjrk Hkkjr (yxHkx 54.6%) ls vfèkd gSA

455
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csjks”kxkjh dh nj esa izHkko
zzjktLFkku esa vR;fèkd tula[;k gksus ls jks”kxkj dh nj esa deh vkbZ gSA
zzo"kZ 2015–16 esa 15 o"kZ o vfèkd ds vk;q oxZ eas csjks”kxkjh dh nj 2.5% FkhA
zzvU; jkT;ksa tSls xqtjkr] eè; izns'k ,oa mÙkj izns'k dh rqyuk esa jktLFkku esa jks”kxkjh dk izfr'kr de gSA
zzjkT; esa tula[;k fuHkZjrk ds vuqikr esa izHkko o"kZ 2011 ds vuqlkj jktLFkku esa xSj&Jfedksa dk vuqikr yxHkx
56.4% jgk gS] tcfd Jfedkas dh tula[;k esa vuqikr 43.6% FkkA bl izdkj Jfedksa dh tula[;k ds vuqikr esa
deh vk jgh gSA
zzfuHkZjrk dk vuqikr esa gksus ls vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA bl izdkj jktLFkku esa fuHkZjrk ds vuqikr esa deh
gksus ls iQfVZfyVh nj ;k iztuu nj esa Hkh deh vkbZ gSA
jkT; esa fuèkZurk ds vuqikr esa izHkko
tula[;k eas o`f¼ gksus ls fuèkZurk dk vuqikr Hkh c<+rk gSA jktLFkku esa o"kZ 2011–12 ds vkèkkj ij fuèkZurk dk
vuqikr 14.7% jgk] tks vU; jkT;ksa dh vis{kk fuèkZurk dk vuqikr vfèkd gSA fuèkZurk eas o`f¼ gksus ls izfr O;fDr vk;
dh nj esa Hkh deh gksrh gSA
jkT; esa Hkw[k o dqiks"k.k esa izHkko
zztula[;k esa o`f¼ gksus ls jkT; eas Hkw[k ,oa dqiks"k.k dh nj eas o`f¼ gksus yxrh gSA
zzlefUor cky fodkl Ldhe 2012 dh fjiksVZ ds vkèkkj ij jktLFkku esa cPpksa eas iks"k.k dh lkekU; fLFkfr 60.8%
gSA blh izdkj lkèkkj.k dqiks"k.k (xzsM&I) esa 36.0% ,oa vfèkd dqiks"k.k (xzsM&II) esa 3.0% dh fLFkfr FkhA
zzlaiw.kZ Hkkjr dh vis{kk jktLFkku esa lkèkkj.k dqiks"k.k dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gSA
cqfu;knh <k¡ps ij izHkko% jkT; esa ftl rjg tula[;k esa o`f¼ gks jgh gS] ml vuqikr eas cqfu;knh <k¡ps esa c<+ksrjh
ugha gks jgh gSA iQyLo:i jkT; dk fodkl ml vuqikr ls ugha gks jgk gS] ftl vuqikr ls gksuk pkfg;sA
tu'kfDr dk mi;ksx esa izHkko% c<+rh tula[;k ls vkfFkZd eanh] O;kikj fodkl bR;kfn eas ckèkk gksrh gSA lalkèkuksa
ds vR;fèkd mi;ksx ls izHkkfor Hkwfe{ks=k] ty lalkèku ,oa taxy esa deh gksrh gSA
?kVrk mRiknu ,oa c<+rh ykxr eas izHkko% tula[;k esa o`f¼ gksus ls mRiknu eas deh gksrh gS ,oa mlh ds vuq:i
ykxr Hkh c<+rh tkrh gSA
vuqfpr vk; forj.k esa izHkko% vR;fèkd tula[;k gksus ls vk; forj.k eas cgqr vlekurk ikbZ tkrh gSA
lalkèkuksa ij izHkko% Hkwfe {ks=k] ty ,oa taxy tSls lalkèkuksa dk vfèkd mi;ksx gksus ls fnu&izfrfnu bu lalkèkuksa
dh deh gksrh tk jgh gS] tks Hkfo"; ds fy;s [krjk gSA
vè;k;&17
^jktLFkku vFkZO;oLFkk % lkekftd {ks= fodkl * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV
f'k{kk (Education)
jk"Vª vkSj O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k esa lqèkkj djus esa f'k{kk dk cgqvk;keh ;ksxnku gksrk gSA f'k{kk] lHkh ek;uksa esa fodkl
ds egÙoiw.kZ va'knk;h dkjdksa esa ls ,d gSA dksbZ Hkh ns'k ekuo iwath esa i;kZIr fuos'k ds fcuk lrr~ vkfFkZd vkSj
lkekftd fodkl izkIr ugha dj ldrk gSA f'k{kk] Lo;a vkSj nqfu;k ds yksxksa ds izfr le> dks le`¼ djrh gSA muds
thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ds ekè;e ls f'k{kk O;fDr;ksa o lekt dks O;kid lkekftd ykHk dh vksj ys tkrh gSA
f'k{kk] yksxksa esa mRikndrk vkSj jpukRedrk esa o`f¼ djrh gS vkSj m|ferk rFkk rduhdh fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok nsrh gSA
456
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
izkjafHkd f'k{kk (Primary education)
zzizkjafHkd
f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa jkT; 35]235 jktdh; izkFkfed fo|ky;] 19796 jktdh; mPp izkFkfed fo|ky; ,oa
14898 izkjafHkd fo|ky; ,oa 14898 izkjafHkd d{kkvksa okys jktdh; ekè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky; gSa] ftuesa
(2018&19 rd) 62-89 yk[k fo|kFkhZ ukekafdr gSaA
fo|ky;ksa esa ukekadu rFkk f'k{kdksa dh la[;k
o"kZ ukekafdr fo|kFkhZ f'k{kdksa dh la[;k ukekafdr fo|kFkhZ f'k{kdksa dh la[;k
(yk[kksa esa) (yk[kksa esa) (yk[kksa esa) (yk[kksa esa)
2016&17 40-93 1-08 21-96 1-38
2017&18 41-27 1-09 22-14 1-39
2018&19 41-07 1-45 21-02 1-08
lk{kjrk ,oa lrr~ f'k{kk (Literacy and continuing education)

lk{kjrk fe'ku dk xBu o"kZ 1988 esa fd;k x;kA jkT; esa laiw.kZ lk{kjrk vfHk;ku jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk fe'ku izkfèkdj.k
(,u-,y-,e-,-) ds ekxZn'kZu esa 1990&91 ls lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSaA lk{kjrk ,oa lrr~ f'k{kk funs'kky; dk eq[;
dk;Z 15 o"kZ ,oa vfèkd vk;q oxZ ds fuj{kj O;fDr;ksa dks dk;kZRed lk{kjrk iznku djus ds lkFk jk"Vªh; ,drk] ifjokj
dY;k.k] efgyk lekurk] Hkkoh fodkl ,oa O;kolkf;d dkS'ky] LokLF; dh ns[kHkky ,oa lkekftd cqjkb;ksa ;Fkk& cky
fookg vkfn ij leqfpr tksj nsuk gSA jkT; ds lexz fodkl esa f'k{kk dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
lk{kj Hkkjr dk;ZØe% jkT; esa lk{kj Hkkjr dk;ZØe] izkS<+ f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ,oa lqn`<+ djus] fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa
esa] mu o;Ldksa ds fy;s f'k{kk ds volj c<+kdj] tks vkSipkfjd f'k{kk izkIr djus dk volj [kks pqds gSa rFkk ,slh
f'k{kk izkIr lk{kjrk ,oa lrr~ f'k{kk izkIr djus dh ekud vk;q lhek ikj dj pqds gSa] ds fy;s Ldwy f'k{kk ,oa lk{kjrk
foHkkx] ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; dh dsanz izofrZr ;kstuk ds :Ik esa ykxw fd;k x;k gSA
ekè;fed f'k{kk (Secondary education)

zzf'k{kk iz.kkyh esa ekè;fed f'k{kk] izkjafHkd ,oa mPp f'k{kk ds eè; vko';d lsrq gSA ;gk¡ fo|kFkhZ jks”kxkj@m|ferk
gsrq rS;kj gksrs gSaA orZeku esa 14,601 mPp ekè;fed@ekè;fed fo|ky; ,oa 134 Lokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy
Ldwy jkT; esa jktdh; {ks=k esa lapkfyr gSa rFkk 15,759 mPp ekè;fed@ekè;fed fo|ky; futh {ks=k esa d{kk&IX
ls XII lapkfyr gSa] ftuesa 24-89 yk[k ckfydkvksa lfgr dqy 48-49 yk[k fo|kFkhZ ukekafdr gSaA (izkoèkkfud)
zzjk"Vªh; ekè;fed f'k{kk vfHk;ku ,d dsanz izofrZr ;kstuk gSA bldk mn~ns'; ekè;fed f'k{kk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k gS]
ftlds varxZr Kku vkèkkfjr lekt dk fodkl djuk gS] tks fd O;fDrxr fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; fodkl
ds fy;s Hkh vko';d gSA jk"Vªh; ekè;fed f'k{kk vfHk;ku dk eq[; mn~ns'; o"kZ 2017 rd ekè;fed f'k{kk rd
lkoZHkkSfed igq¡p rFkk 2020 rd iw.kZ :i ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk Bgjko lqfuf'pr djuk gSA
zzizR;sd xzke iapk;r esa de ls de ,d ekè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky; dks vkn'kZ fo|ky;ksa ds :Ik esa fodflr
fd;k tk jgk gSA xzkeh.k {ks=k esa 9,895 vkn'kZ fo|ky; rFkk 'kgjh {ks=k esa 281 vkn'kZ fo|ky; fodflr fd;s tkus
gSaA vc rd 4,876 vkn'kZ fo|ky; fodflr fd;s tk pqds gSaA
zz,d uohu ;kstuk êq[;ea=kh tu lgHkkfxrk fo|ky; fodkl ;kstuk* ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fo|ky;ksa esa vkèkkjHkwr
lajpuk ds lqn`<+hdj.k ,oa fodkl dk;Z gsrq 2016&17 esa izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzKku laidZ iksVZy& jkT; dk ,d ,slk IysViQkeZ gS tgk¡ ij nkrk izkjafHkd ,oa ekè;fed fo|ky; ds fy;s lhèks nku
dj ldrk gSA
457
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mPp f'k{kk (Higher education)
zzmPp f'k{kk foHkkx] lkekU; f'k{kk ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa ,oa egkfo|ky;ksa dk izcaèku djrk gSA ns'k dh vktknh ds le;
jkT; esa ek=k 7 lkekU; f'k{kk ds egkfo|ky; Fks] ijarq fiNys N% n'kdksa ds i'pkr~ vc ;g la[;k 2,000 dk vad
ikj dj pqdh gSA
zzjktLFkku esa mPp f'k{kk ds rhoz xfr ls gq, izlkj ds iQyLo:i vkt izns'k esa lkekU; f'k{kk ds dqy 1,963
egkfo|ky; gSa] ftuesa ls 275 jktdh; egkfo|ky;] 15 jktdh; fofèk egkfo|ky;] 1,660 futh egkfo|ky;] 7
LofoÙkiks"kh laLFkk,¡ rFkk 6 futh lgHkkfxrk ls LFkkfir egkfo|ky; gSaA
zzeq[;ea=kh mPp f'k{kk Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk ds varxZr jkf'k ` 40-5 djksM+ jktdh; egkfo|ky;ksa dks vkoafVr dh xbZA
zzlHkh jktdh; egkfo|ky;ksa esa ;qokvksa dks jks”kxkj dh tkudkjh miyCèk djokus gsrq ;qok dkS'ky fodkl izdks"B ds
rgr jks”kxkj izdks"B dsanz dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
vk'kk lg;ksfxuh [Asha Sahyogini (ASHA)]

zzjk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku (2005) dh LFkkiuk ds ckn ls ekU;rk izkIr lkekftd dk;ZdÙkkZ (vk'kk) us ,u-vkj-
,p-,e xfrfofèk;ksa ds fØ;kUo;u esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA vk'kk dk;ZØe dh leqnk; izfØ;k gLr{ksi dh
,d izeq[k ?kVd ds :i esa igpku gqbZ vkSj ckjg o"kZ dh vofèk esa ;g dk;ZØe nqfu;k ds lcls cMs+ lkeqnkf;d
LokLF; dk;ZdÙkkZ ds :i esa fodflr gqvk gS] ftlds }kjk LokLF; esa yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kus ds fy;s ,d
egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ekuk tkrk gSA vk'kk dh Hkwfedk Hkh LokLF; ds fcanqvksa ij tkx:drk mRiUu djus ds fy;s leqnk;
vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa ds chp ,d egÙoiw.kZ dM+h gSA vk'kk ,d leqnk; Lrj dh dk;ZdÙkkZ gSA og fpfdRlk LokLF;
rFkk efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx ds chp ,d lg;ksfxuh ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gSA blfy;s jktLFkku esa bldks
vk'kk lg;ksfxuh ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA vk'kk] xzke iapk;r }kjk pquh xbZ ,d efgyk dk;ZdÙkkZ gksrh gS] dk;Z
izkjaHk djus ls igys vk'kk lg;ksfxuh dks fofHkUu xgu izf'k{k.kksa ls xqtjuk gksrk gSA jktLFkku esa fnlacj 2019 ds
var rd 52,010 vk'kk lg;ksfxuh dk;Zjr gSaA
zzvk'kk lg;ksfxuh dh Hkwfedk ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro] LokLF; ns[kHkky o iQSflfyVsVj ds dk;Z] LokLF; dk;ZdÙkkZ ds lkFk
feydj fpfdRlk lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djokuk gSA og LokLF; foHkkx rFkk efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx esa izlo
dk;ks± esa leUo;d dk dk;Z djrh gSA jk"Vªh; jksx fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe tSls&eysfj;k] Vh-ch] laLFkkxr izlo rFkk vU;
lHkh LokLF; dk;ks± esa lg;ksx iznku djrh gSA vk'kk dks leqnk; esa fofHkUu lsok,¡ iznku djus ds fy;s ekSfnzd
izksRlkgu fn;k tkrk gSA
jk"Vªh; cky LokLF; dk;ZØe (National Child Health Programme)

bl ;kstuk ds varxZr ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa] vk¡xuckM+h dsanzksa rFkk enjlksa ij 18 o"kZ rd ds lHkh cPpksa dk 4 D's-
Defects at birth - Disease, Deficiencies, Developmental Delays and Disabilities (40 fpfÉr chekfj;ksa) ds fy;s
izf'kf{kr eksckby gSYFk Vhe ds }kjk LokLF; ijh{k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA ;fn dksbZ cPpk 40 fpfÉr chekfj;ksa esa ls fdlh
ls xzflr ik;k tkrk gS rks mls ekax ds vuqlkj fu%'kqYd jSiQjy] iQkWyksvi ,oa lftZdy bykt fn;k tkrk gSA
xzke LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk lfefr (oh-,p-,l-lh-)
zzxzke LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk lfefr] LokLF; lsokvksa dh fn'kk esa ,d tu&vkanksyu ds :i esa igyk dne gSA budk
eq[; mís'; xzkeh.kksa ds LokLF; Lrj esa lqèkkj] LokLF; lsokvksa dk fodsanzhdj.k] LokLF; lsokvksa dh fuxjkuh esa
leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djuk rFkk xzke LokLF; Iyku rS;kj djkuk gSA ;g lfefr;k¡ iapk;r ds fuokZfpr
lnL;&tuizfrfufèk dh vè;{krk esa lHkh xk¡oksa esa xfBr dh xbZ gSA lfefr ds vU; lnL; vk'kk lg;ksfxuh] vk¡xuckM+h
dk;ZdÙkkZ] LokLF; dk;ZdÙkkZ vkSj ,u-th-vks-] ,l-,p-th rFkk efgyk LokLF; la?k ds izfrfufèk gksrs gSaA
458
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
eq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd nok ;kstuk (Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dawa Yojana)
êq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd nok ;kstuk* 2 vDVwcj] 2011 dks ykxw dh xbZ FkhA bl ;kstuk dk mís'; jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa
esa vkus okys lHkh varjax ,oa cfgjax jksfx;ksa dks ykHk igq¡pkuk gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fpfdRlk egkfo|ky;] f”kyk
fpfdRlky;] lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsaæksa] izkFkfed LokLF; dsaæksa rFkk mi LokLF; dsaæksa ij vkus okys lHkh varjax ,oa
cfgjax jksfx;ksa dks vfèkdka'kr% iz;ksx esa vkus okyh vko';d nokb;k¡ fu%'kqYd miyCèk djokbZ tkrh gSA ;kstuk ds
fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s jktLFkku esfMdy lfoZlst dkWiksZjs'ku dk xBu fd;k x;k gS] tks fd fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; foHkkx
rFkk fpfdRlk f'k{kk foHkkx gsrq nok,¡] 'kY; Vkads Ø; dj vkiwfrZ djsaxhA jkT; ds lHkh ljdkjh fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa esa
nok forj.k djus ds fy;s 33 f”kyk eq[;ky;ksa ij f”kyk vkS"kfèk HkaMkj x`g (Mh-Mh-MCY;w-,p-) lapkfyr gSaA o"kZ 2019&20
esa 102 ubZ nok,¡ blesa 'kkfey dh xbZ vko';d nok lwph ds vuqlkj 709 izdkj dh nok,¡ 147 'kY; vkStkj ,oa 77
Vkads lwphc¼ gSaA nokvksa dh xq.koÙkk dh tk¡p Mªx VsfLVax yScksjsVªht }kjk lqfuf'pr dh tk jgh gSA jktdh; fpfdRlk
laLFkkuksa esa lapkfyr fu%'kqYd nok forj.k dsanzksa ij miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh nokb;ksa dh lwph iznf'kZr dh xbZ gSA cfgjax
jksfx;ksa gsrq nok forj.k dsanz ds le;kuqlkj rFkk varjax ,oa vkikrdkyhu ejhtksa ds fy;s nok dh miyCèkrk 24 ?kaVs
lqfuf'pr dh xbZ gSA
cky vfèkdkfjrk (Child Empowerment)

cky vfèkdkjksa ds laj{k.k ,oa lqjf{kr okrkoj.k cukus gsrq o"kZ 2013 esa funs'kky; dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA funs'kky;
}kjk fuEufyf[kr dk;ZØeksa rFkk ;kstukvksa dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gSµ
lesfdr cky fodkl lsok,¡ (vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-)

[Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS)]
bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr orZeku esa] jkT; esa 304 cky fodkl ifj;kstuk,¡ lapkfyr gSaA buesa ls 22 ifj;kstuk,¡ 'kgjh
{ks=kksa esa] 37 ifj;kstuk,¡ tutkfr {ks=kksa esa rFkk 'ks"k 245 ifj;kstuk,¡ xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa lapkfyr gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk dqy
62,020 vk¡xuckM+h dsanzksa ds lkFk 304 cky fodkl ifj;kstuk,¡ LohÑr dh xbZ gSaA buesa ls fnlacj 2019 rd 55,816
eq[; vk¡xuckM+h dsanz rFkk 6,204 feuh vk¡xuckM+h dsanzksa dh LohÑfr tkjh dj nh xbZ gSA buesa ls fnlacj 2019 rd
55816 eq[; vkaxuokM+h dsanz rFkk 6204 feuh vkaxuokM+h dsanz gSaA
jkT; esa f'k'kq e`R;q nj] ekr` e`R;q vuqikr] dqiks"k.k dh nj esa deh ykus ds lkFk&lkFk lekt esa cPpksa ,oa efgykvksa]
fo'ks"k :Ik ls xHkZorh ,oa èkk=kh ekrkvksa dh ns[kHkky rFkk muds lokZaxh.k fodkl ds fy;s okrkoj.k fuekZ.k ds iz;kl
fd;s tk jgs gSa] bu mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy;s 0&6 o"kZ ds cPpksa] xHkZorh] èkk=kh ekrkvksa ,oa fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa dks
vk¡xuckM+h dsanzksa ds ekè;e ls iwjd iks"kkgkj] Vhdkdj.k] LokLF; ijh{k.k] iks"kkgkj] LokLF; f'k{kk] 'kkyk iwoZ f'k{kk dh
lsok,¡ miyCèk djokbZ tk jgh gSaA
bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr fo'ks"k iz;klksa@uokpkjksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k bl izdkj gS&
zzfpfÉr vfr dqiksf"kr cPpkas dks LokLF; ijh{k.k ,oa iquokZl gsrq f”kyk Lrjh; vLirky eas dqiks"k.k mipkj@fuokj.k
dsanzkas ij jsiQj fd;k tkrk gSA fpfdRldh; ijke'kZ ds mijkar cPpkas ds LokLF; dk iQkWyksvi dj o``f¼ fuxjkuh
fujarj tkjh gSA
zziks"kkgkj dk;ZØe ds varxZr cPpksa dks 500 fdyks dSyksjh] vfr dqiksf"kr cPpksa dks 800 fdyks dSykjh rFkk xHkZorh
,oa èkk=kh ekrkvksa dks 600 fdyks dSyksjh ;qDr iwjd iks"kkgkj izfrfnu miyCèk djok;k tk jgk gSA
zzcPpksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk ,oa mUgsa lqjf{kr okrkoj.k miyCèk djkus ds fy;s jkT; esa cky laj{k.k vk;ksx dk xBu
fd;k x;k gSA
459
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjkT; ljdkj us lesfdr cky fodkl lsokvksa ds ekè;e ls tutkfr ,oa xSj&tutkfr {ks=k ds cPpksa dks 'kkykiwoZ
f'k{kk ds izfr izksRlkfgr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA
zzlesfdr cky fodkl lsokvksa esa tu lgHkkfxrk c<+kus ds fy;s uan ?kj ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA blds rgr dkWjiksZjsV
lkekftd {ks=k ds Lo;alsoh laxBuksa }kjk vk¡xuckM+h dsanzksa ds Hkou fuekZ.k@ejEer o vU; lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djokbZ
tk jgh gSA
xzkeh.k fodkl (Rural Development)

ck;ks&Ý;wy izkfèkdj.k (Bio-Fuel Authority)
jktLFkku dh Ñf"k ;ksX; catj Hkwfe ,oa ou {ks=k dh vuqi;ksxh Hkwfe esa jrutksr o vU; led{k rSyh; ikSèkksa dh
[ksrh ls tSfod bZaèku ds mRiknu dh izcy laHkkouk,¡ gSaA ck;ksÝ;wy izkfèkdj.k dk mís'; jrutksr] djat o vU; led{k
rSyh; ikSèkksa dh [ksrh] vuqlaèkku izlaLdj.k] foi.ku vkSj vU; vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dk fodkl djuk gSA ck;ksÝ;wy fe'ku
ds mís';ksa ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk jkT; esa ck;ksÝ;wy ikWfylh ?kksf"kr dj ck;ksÝ;wy izkfèkdj.k dk xBu
fd;k x;k gSA
jktLFkku ns'k ds lcls rst fodkl dh vksj c<+us okys jkT;ks esa ls ,d gSA bls ns[krs gq, o"kZ 2007 (lalksèku&2018)
esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk ck;ksÝ;wy uhfr viukus ,oa ykxw djus okyk izFke jkT; dk fo'ks"k ntkZ izkIr gSA jkT; ds 12 f”kys
(ckjka] ck¡lokM+k] HkhyokM+k] cw¡nh] fpÙkkSM+x<+] Mwaxjiqj] >kykokM+] dksVk] jktlean] fljksgh] mn;iqj ,oa izrkix<+) jrutksr
,oa vU; led{k rSyh; ikSèkksa ds mRiknu ds fy;s mi;qDr ik, x, gSaA blds vfrfjDr jkT; ds iwohZ 8 f”kys (vyoj]
Hkjriqj] nkSlk] èkkSyiqj] t;iqj] djkSyh] lokbZ ekèkksiqj ,oa Vksad) esa djat ds ikSèkkjksi.k gsrq mi;qDr ik, x, gSaA
jkT; dh catj Hkwfe ds pkjkxkg fodkl gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk cksMZ dks ^catj Hkwfe ,oa pjkxkg fodkl cksMZ* ds
:i esa iqulZ`ftr fd;k x;k gSA cksMZ }kjk f”kysokj ,oa CykWdokj catj Hkwfe fodkl ,oa pkjkxkg Hkwfe fodkl gsrq lfefr;k¡
cukbZ xbZ gSa vkSj izkjaHk esa izR;sd CykWd esa 5&10 gsDVs;j pkjkxkg Hkwfe dk p;u dj ekWMy pkjkxkg fodflr fd;k
tk,xkA
ck;ks&Ý;wy izkfèkdj.k dh miyfCèk;k¡
zzeujsxk ds varxZr duots±l }kjk yxHkx 3-11 djksM+ jrutksr@djat ds ikSèkkjksi.k dk dk;ZA
zzou foHkkx }kjk dqy 2]112 la;qDr ou izcaèku lfefr ds ekè;e ls yxHkx 3,55,556 gsDVs;j {ks=k esa jrutksr o
djat ds ikSèkkjksi.k dk izcaèkA
zzus'kuy fe'ku vkWu vkW;y lhM~l ,oa vkW;yike (,u- ,e-vks-vks-ih-) }kjk lapkfyr ;kstuk esa jkT; dh 150 gsDVs;j
Hkwfe ij jrutksr] djat] egqvk ,oa uhe ds ikSèkkjksi.k dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA
zzjrutksr ikSèkkjksi.k gsrq Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj] dksVk ,oa tksèkiqj }kjk 12 f”kyksa esa izf'k{k.k ,oa {kerk fuekZ.kA
zzf”kyk ifj"kn ds lkFk ifj;kstuk fØ;kUo;u ,tsalh ds :i esa jftLVMZ LFkkuh; xSj&ljdkjh laxBu }kjk ykHkkfUorksa
dks tkx:drk ,oa izf'k{k.k miyCèk djok;k tk jgk gSA
zzjrutksr dh [ksrh ij ykHkkfUorksa dks rduhdh fu;ekoyh iqfLrdk] gSaM vkmV~l vkfn forfjr fd;s x,A
zzjrutksr ikSèkkjksi.k ,oa cht ,d=khdj.k ds lacaèk esa LFkkuh; yksxksa esa dBiqryh dk;ZØe] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh-] lekpkj
i=kksa esa foKkiu ,oa iksLVj vkfn ds }kjk tkx:drk mRiUu dh xbZA
zzdqy 5 ck;ksÝ;wy la;=k t;iqj] HkhyokM+k ,oa fljksgh ftys esa LFkkfir fd;s x, gSa tks izfrfnu yxHkx ,d yk[k
yhVj ck;ksMhty dk mRiknu dj jgs gSaA
460
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfoKku ikdZ] t;iqj esa fo'o tSo b±èku fnol (10 vxLr] 2019) ds volj ij jktLFkku ck;ksÝ;wy fu;e] 2019
rS;kj dj ykxw fd;s x, gSA
zzjkT; ljdkj }kjk ns'k dk izFke ck;ksMhty eksckbZy fjVsy vkmVysV dk fnukad 7 uoacj] 2019 dks tksèkiqj esa
'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zzjkT; ljdkj }kjk jktiQSM ,oa jktl la?k ds ekè;e ls U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij cht Ø; ds izcaèk fd;s x, gSaA
zzjkT; ljdkj }kjk tutkfr;ksa ds i{k esa jktLFkku ou (izksM~;wl Vªkaft+V) fu;e] 1957 esa la'kksèku fd;k x;kA vc os
ou mRikn jrutksr ds O;kikfj;ksa dks fcuk ifjogu vuqKk ds csp ldrs gSaA
zzxksxqank] mn;iqj esa yxHkx 50 gsDVs;j {ks=k esa egkjk.kk izrki Ñf"k ,oa rduhdh fo'ofo|ky;] mn;iqj ds rduhdh
lg;ksx ls ck;ksÝ;wy ds 'kksèk ,oa fodkl gsrq ^lsaVj vkWiQ ,Dlhysal* LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
zzjktLFkku ljdkj }kjk fd;s x, ou mRikfnr ifjogu fu;e 1957 esa la'kksèku ds iQyLo:i vc tutkrh; yksx fcuk
ifjogu vuqKk ds vius jrutksr mRikn O;kikfj;ksa dks csap ldrs gSaA
jkT; dh uhfr;ksa ,oa vfHkuo ;kstukvksa dk izHkko
zzjkT; esa jrutksr] djat] egqvk vkfn ds ikSèkjksi.k }kjk catj Hkwfe dk fodkl] yxHkx 2-82 djksM+ jrutksr dk
ikSèkjksi.k fd;k x;k] ftlls u dsoy ekuo Je dk l`tu gqvk] cfYd catj Hkwfe esa Hkh ikSèkjksi.k ls gfj;kyh Nk xbZA
zzeujsxk ,oa ou rFkk iapk;rh jkt foHkkx dh vU; ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa] fo'ks"kdj tutkfr {ks=kksa
esa jks”kxkj ds volj miyCèk gq,A
zzdk'rdkjksa dh catj Hkwfe ,oa [ksrksa dh esM+ksa ij frygu ,oa rkjcanh ds lkFk&lkFk xSj [kk| frygu ikSèkjksi.k ls
vfrfjDr vk; ds volj izkIr gq,A
zzck;ksÝ;wy fefJr Mhty ds mi;ksx ls jkT; esa iznw"k.k dh dehA
LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku (uxjh;)

tu lgHkkfxrk o ukxkfjdksa ds lfØ; lg;ksx ls 2 vDVwcj] 2019 rd laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa vPNs Lrj dh LoPNrk
lqfuf'pr fd;s tkus dk y{; gSA ¶LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku] ds varxZr O;fDrxr ?kjsyw 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k] lkeqnkf;d@lkoZtfud
'kkSpky; fuekZ.k rFkk 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa uxjh; Bksl vif'k"V izcaèku dh xfrfofèk;k¡ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA
vè;k;&18
^jktLFkku ctV 2020&21 % fo'ys"k.k * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
ctV o"kZ 2020–21 ds çeq• fcUnq (Main point of Budget 2020–21)

jktdks"kh; ladsrd
zzo"kZ 2020&21 ds ctV vuqekuksa esa ` 1 yk• 73 gtkj 404 djksM+ 42 yk• dh jktLo çkfIr;kaA
zzo"kZ 2020&21 ds ctV vuqekuksa esa ` 1 yk• 85 gtkj 750 djksM+ 3 yk• dk jktLo O;;A
zzo"kZ 2020&21 ds ctV vuqekuksa esa jktLo ?kkVk ` 12 gtkj 345 djksM+ 61 yk•A
zzo"kZ 2020&21 dk jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ` 33 gtkj 922 djksM+ 77 yk• tks GSDP dk 2-99 çfr'kr gSA
fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF;

zzfpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; ls tqM+s foHkkxksa ds fy, o"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 14 gtkj 533 djksM+ 37 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz100 djksM+ #i;s ds ^fujksxh jktLFkku çcaèku dks"k* dk xBuA

461
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzf”kyk Lrj ij Early Intervention Centre dh LFkkiukA
zzfeykoV•ksjksa ds fo#¼ dM+s dne] vkWFkksfjVh dk xBu] iQkLV Vªsd dksVZA
zzihikM+ flVh ,oa iQyksnh ds jktdh; fpfdRlky; dks f”kyk fpfdRlky; dk ntkZA
zzjktdh; fpfdRlky; vkSfl;ka esa enj ,.M pkbZYM ds;j lsaVjA
zzlkapksj f”kyk tkyksj] lkstr flVh f”kyk ikyh] yksgkoV f”kyk tksèkiqj] rkjkuxj f”kyk pw: ,oa ckyslj] Hkksikyx<+
f”kyk tksèkiqj esa jktdh; vLirkyksa esa Vªksek lsaVjA
zzCancer Registry System çkjEHk fd;k tk;sxkA
zztgk¡ Hkh ihihih eksM laHko ogka ds f”kyk fpfdRlky;ksa esa MRI / CT&Scan lqfoèkkA
zzt;iqj] tksèkiqj ,oa chdkusj esa dSalj dh tkap gsrq PET CT Scan e'khuA
zz150 fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa esa MsUVy ps;j fon ,Dl&js e'khu dh LFkkiukA
zzjkT; esa dqy 1000 'kSÕ;kvksa dh o`f¼A
fpfdRlk f'k{kk
zz15 uohu esfMdy dkWyst dk vxys 4 o"kks± esa fuekZ.k iw.kZ] yxHkx 5 gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk O;; gksxkA blesa jkT;
ljdkj dh Hkkxhnkjh yxHkx 2 gtkj djksM+ #i;s A
zzmn;iqj] dksVk] vtesj ,oa chdkusj ds fpfdRlk egkfo|ky;ksa ls lac¼ eq[; fpfdRlky;ksa dks Organ Retrieval
Center ds :i esa fodflr ,oa vfèklwfpr djsaxsA
zzlokbZekuflag fpfdRlk egkfo|ky;] t;iqj esa xsLVªksltZjh foHkkx] vax çR;kjksi.k foHkkx] dh LFkkiukA
zzlokbZekuflag fpfdRlky; esa U;wDyh;j esfMflu foHkkx dh LFkkiuk ,oa 10 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls DSA (Digital
Subtraction Angiography) e'khu dh LFkkiuA
zztksèkiqj ds ,eMh,e vLirky esa fifM;kfVªd dSFkySc dh LFkkiukA
zzSMS Hospital, Jaipur esa G + 8 eaf”kyk u;k vkbZihMh Hkou ij 28 djksM+ #i;s •pZA
zzt;iqj esa jkT; dSalj laLFkku dk lqpk: lapkyuA
zzeFkqjk nkl ekFkqj fpfdRlky;] tksèkiqj ds OPD CykWd ds 'ks"k Ýyksj fuekZ.k ij yxHkx 46 djksM+ #i;s •pZ gksaxsA
vLirky esa 30&30 cSM ds 4 u;s okMZ 11 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls •ksys tk;saxsA ,d u;k U;wjks baVjosa'ku yScA
{ks=kh; dSalj lsaVj fuekZ.k ij yxHkx 10 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
vk;qoZsn
zzvtesj ,oa tksèkiqj esa jktdh; gksE;ksiSfFkd egkfo|ky;] yxHkx 18 djksM+ #i;s dk •pZA
zzlhdj esa 50 'kSÕ;kvksa ds ,dhÑr vk;q"k fpfdRlky; dh LFkkiuk ij 4 djksM+ 50 yk• #i;s dk O;;A
Ñf"k
zzfoHkkx ds fy, dqy 3 gtkj 420 djksM+ 6 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz12500 iQkeZ ikS.Mksa ds fuekZ.k ij 150 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zz30000 gSDVs;j vfrfjDr Hkwfe dh lw{e flapkbZ ds fy, 91 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz25000 lksyj iai ij 267 djksM+ #i;s dk •pZA
zz2 yk• Vu ;wfj;k rFkk 1 yk• Vu Mh,ih dk vfxze HkaMkj.k] bl ij 30 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zz4 o"kks± esa tSlyesj] chdkusj] ckM+esj] tksèkiqj] ukxkSj] pw:] Jhxaxkuxj] guqekux<+] ikyh] tkyksj] fljksgh ,oa >qa>quwa
f”kyksa ds 1500 gSDVs;j {ks=k dks •twj dh •srh esa yk;k tk;sxkA
462
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzKVSS @ GSS ds ekè;e ls 100 dLVe gk;fjax dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk ij 8 djksM+ #i;s dk •pZA
zz44 ubZ Lora=k eafM;ka] 100 uohu xkS.k mit eaMh lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiukA
lgdkfjrk
zz8 yk• ls vfèkd igyh ckj lnL; cus fdlkuksa dks 1800 djksM+ #i;s dk iQlyh ½.kA
zzo"kZ 2020&21 esa C;kt vuqnku ds :i esa dsUæh; lgdkjh cSadksa dks 534 djksM+ #i;sA
zzpkj o"kks± esa pj.kc¼ rjhds ls 2000 uohu th,l,l dk xBuA vkxkeh o"kZ 500 p;fur iSDl@ySEIl dks fodflr
dj bUgsa lkSj ÅtkZ ls tksM+k tk;sxkA
zzp;fur GSS] KVSS vkSj miHkksDrk HkaMkjksa esa dqy 130 xksnke] 22 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
i'kqikyu
zzvuqnkfur nj ij Ñf=ke xHkkZèkku gsrq lksVZsM lheu dh ;kstuk ij 10 djksM+ :i;s O;;A
zz4 gtkj i'kqikydksa dks çf'k{k.k çnku fd;k tk;sxkA
efgyk ,oa cky fodkl

zzvkaxuckM+h dk;ZdrkZ] vk'kk lg;ksfxuh rFkk ,,u,e ds eè; csgrj leUo; ds fy, Â&3 ,i*A
zz,plh,e jhik] t;iqj esa ^bfUnjk xkaèkh efgyk 'kksèk laLFkku* LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxkA
zzvkaxuckM+h iks"kkgkj dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus rFkk fofoèkrk ykus dh dk;ZokghA
lkekftd U;k; ,oa vfèkdkfjrk

zzfoHkkx ds fy, o"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 8 gtkj 500 djksM+ 7 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz^jktLFkku jkT; vkfFkZd fiNM+k oxZ cksMZ* ds xBu dh ?kks"k.kkA
zzçR;sd laHkkx eq[;ky; ij ikyugkj Nk=kkokl (gkiQ&os&gkse) •ksyk tk;sxkA
zz100 djksM+ #i;s ds ûsg: cky laj{k.k dks"k* dk xBuA
zzdkWdyh;j baIykaV dh vxyh dM+h esa ckY;dky dh çkjafHkd voLFkk esa gh hearing screening dh vfuok;Zrk gsrq uhfrA
zzvU; fiNM+k oxZ] fo'ks"k fiNM+k oxZ] vkfFkZd fiNM+k oxZ] ekufld foeafnr iquokZl x`g] o`¼kJe ds vkokfl;ksa ds
eSl HkÙks esa 500 #i;s dh o`f¼A
zz^jktLFkku vuqlwfpr tkfr] tutkfr foÙk fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM* ds ekè;e ls Lojkstxkj gsrq 50 gtkj ;qokvksa dks ½.kA
vYila[;d
zzvtesj ds elwnk ,oa Hkjriqj dkeka CykWd esa 41 djksM+ 60 yk• #i;ksa dh ykxr ls vYila[;d ckyd ,oa ckfydk
vkoklh; fo|ky; Hkouksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzf”kyk eq[;ky; ukxkSj] f”kyk eq[;ky; lokbZekèkksiqj ,oa ykMuwa&ukxkSj esa dqy 3 vYila[;d ckfydk Nk=kkokl
Hkouksa dk fuekZ.kA
zzt;iqj esa 100 'kSÕ;kvksa ds vYila[;d ckyd Nk=kkokl Hkou fuekZ.k ij 5 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzjktLFkku oDiQ cksMZ dks 5 djksM+ #i;s dh xzkUVA
tutkfr fodkl
zztutkfr ;qokvksa dks dkS'ky çf'k{k.k ds mís'; ls çrkix<+] Mwaxjiqj ,oa mn;iqj esa dkS'ky fodkl dsUæA
zztutkrh; vkoklh; fo|ky;ksa dh {kerk dks 1530 ls c<+kdj 2400 djuk] 10 djksM+ #i;s O;;A
zztutkfr {ks=k ds vkoklh; fo|ky; ,oa tutkfr Nk=kkokl ds vèkh{kdksa ds fy, i`Fkd~ dSMjA
zzlksyj iEi gsrq vuqlwfpr {ks=k ds tutkfr fdlkuksa dks 45 gtkj #i;s çR;sd Ñ"kd vuqnku] pj.kc¼ :i ls 5000
fdlkuksa dks lksyj iEi gsrq 22 djksM+ 50 yk• #i;s dk O;;A
463
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;qok ekeys ,oa •sy
zzjkT; •syksa dh rtZ ij CykWd ,oa f”kyk Lrjh; •syksa ds vk;kstu gsrq 5 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzlafonk ij fofHkUu •syksa ds 500 dksp yxkus ij yxHkx 10 djksM+ #i;s lkykuk dk O;;A
zzf•ykfM+;ksa dks jk"Vªh; ,oa jkT; Lrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa feyus okys nSfud HkÙks dh njksa dks c<+kdj Øe'k% 500 ls
1000 #i;s ,oa 300 ls 600 #i;s djus dh ?kks"k.kkA
zzçns'k ds f•ykM+h }kjk vksyfEid •syksa] ,f'k;u xsEl vkSj dkWeuosYFk xsEl esa ind thrus ij bZukeh jkf'k esa o`f¼A
m|ksx
zztksèkiqj esa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds ^jktLFkku varjkZ"Vªh; fu;kZr ,Dliks* dk vk;kstuA
zzjhdks }kjk vyoj] pw:] lhdj] tkyksj] Vksad] cwanh] Hkjriqj] ckalokM+k ,oa mn;iqj f”kyksa esa uohu vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa
dh LFkkiukA
zzfo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k&2 lhrkiqjk] t;iqj esa 25000 oxZ iQhV ij plug and play facility dk fuekZ.kA
xkaèkh Le`fr
zzt;iqj esa •knh Iyktk dh LFkkiuk] 10 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxrA
zz144 •knh laLFkk@lfefr;ksa ds dk;ks± ds dEI;wVjkbZts'ku ds fy, lgk;rk ,oa cqudj la?k ds lqn`<+hdj.k gsrq 2 djksM+
#i;sA
iSVªksfy;e ,oa •fut
zznks gtkj gSDVs;j çèkku •fut ,oa ,d gtkj gSDVs;j vçèkku •fut ds CykWd cukdj bZ&vkD'kuA
zzvkxkeh o"kZ esa 3 Petroleum Exploration Licence (PEL) LohÑrA
zzckM+esj f”kys esa mi funs'kd (isVªksfy;e) dk;kZy;A
zztksèkiqj o ckM+esj esa Hydrocarbon Sector dh fLdYl esa çf'k{k.k ds fy, lefiZr dkS'ky dsUæA
xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa iapk;rhjkt

zz57 ubZ ia;k;r lfefr;ksa ,oa 1456 ubZ xzke iapk;rksa gsrq vko';drkuqlkj uohu dk;kZy; Hkou dk fuekZ.kA
i;ZVu
zz‘Ease of Travelling in Rajasthan’ dh uhfr fodflr djsaxsA
zz100 djksM+ #i;s ds i;ZVu fodkl dks"k dk xBuA
zzRTDC dh 4 gSfjVst laifÙk;ksa ds th.kkZs¼kj ,oa fodkl gsrq 4 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz1000 jkT; Lrjh; ,oa 5000 LFkkuh; Lrj ds xkbZMksa dks çf'k{k.kA
f'k{kk
zzo"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 39 gtkj 524 djksM+ 27 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz'ks"k jgs 167 CykWd esa çR;sd esa ,d English Medium egkRek xkaèkh jktdh; fo|ky; dh LFkkiukA
zz200 mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vfrfjDr ladk; ,oa 300 mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vfrfjDr fo"k; vko';drkuqlkj
•ksys tk;saxs] 25 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzNk=k&Nk=kkvksa ds 'kkjhfjd] ekufld o ckSf¼d fodkl gsrq leLr ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa 'kfuokj dks No Bag Day
jgsxk vkSj dksbZ vè;kiu dk;Z ughaA
zz3 o"kks± esa 66 dLrqjck xkaèkh vkoklh; fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk] çFke pj.k esa 22 fo|ky; •ksys tk;saxs

464
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
mPp ,oa rduhdh f'k{kk
zz;qokvksa esa dkS'ky fodkl gsrq Skill Enhancement & Employable Training (SEET) dk;ZØeA
zzegkfo|ky;ksa esa ohfM;ks ysDpj dh lqfoèkk ds fy, jktho xkaèkh bZ&dUVsUV cSad dh LFkkiukA
zzMBM Engineering College dks upgrade djds fo'ofo|ky; Lrj dh lqfoèkk;sa çnku dh tk;saxhA
is;ty
zztu LokLF; vfHk;kaf=kdh foHkkx ds fy, o"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 8 gtkj 794 djksM+ 51 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz500 turk ty ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls 1 yk• ?kjksa dks is;ty ls ykHkkfUor djus gsrq dqy 750 djksM+ #i;s ds
iquxZBu dk;Z A o"kZ 2020&21 esa bu ij 100 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzo"kZ 2020&21 esa 250 xkao esa uy ls gj ?kj esa is;ty vkiwfrZ dh ;kstukvksa ds dqy 625 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr
ds dk;Z gkFk esa fy;s tk;saxsA 160 djksM+ #i;s dk O;; fd;k tk,xkA
zzxzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks ?kj esa is;ty miyCèk djkus gsrq 16 f”kyksa dh 30 ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;Z çkjaHk fd;s tk;saxsA 9
yk• ifjokjksa dks iQk;nk gksxkA yxHkx 1 gtkj 350 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzt;iqj 'kgj gsrq forj.k ç.kkyh dk lqn`<+hdj.k] dqy 165 djksM+ #i;s esa ls o"kZ 2020&21 esa 50 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
ÅtkZ
zzÅtkZ foHkkx ds fy, o"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 18 gtkj 530 djksM+ 75 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzvYVªk esxk lkSyj ikdZ fodflr fd;s tk;saxsA
zzjktLFkku fo|qr mRiknu fuxe }kjk yxHkx 800 esxkokV ds lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=kksa dh LFkkiukA
zzf”kyk eq[;ky; ,oa fpfUgr 'kgjh {ks=kksa dks ^xzhu ,uthZ flVh* ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk;sxkA vkxkeh 5 o"kks± esa
300 esxkokV ds :iQVkWi lksyj flLVe LFkkfir djsaxsA
zzik;yV çkstsDV ds :i esa 200 NksVh is;ty ifj;kstukvksa dk lkSjdj.kA
zzdqy 50000 Ñf"k dusD'ku çkFkfedrk ls tkjh fd;s tk;saxsA
zzfdlkuksa dks pj.kc¼ rjhds ls fnu ds nks CykWd esa fctyh fn;s tkus ds ç;klA vkxkeh rhu o"kks± esa 220 dsoh
ds 6 u;s th,l,l] 132 dsoh ds 30 u;s th,l,l] 33 dsoh ds 287 u;s lc&LVs'ku dh LFkkiuk] 1 gtkj 500
lc&LVs'kuksa dh {kerk esa o`f¼ dh tk;sxhA bu ij dqy 2000 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzo"kZ 2020&21 esa 220 dsoh ds 3 th,l,l vdysjk&>kykokM+] jkorlj&guqekux<+ esa u;s rFkk Nrjx<+&chdkusj esa
{kerko`f¼ i'pkr deh'ku fd;s tk;saxsA
zz132 dsoh ds 9 u;s th,l,l deh'ku fd;s tk;saxsA
lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx

zzlkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx ds fy, o"kZ 2020&21 esa dqy 6 gtkj 808 djksM+ 63 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzçèkkuea=kh xzke lM+d ;kstuk ds iQst r`rh; esa ekpZ 2025 rd jkT; dh 8 gtkj 663 fdyksehVj yEckbZ dh xzkeh.k
lM+dksa dk yxHkx 4245 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls mUu;u djok;k tkukA
zzlokZfèkd {kfrxzLr lM+dksa ds uohuhdj.k ds çFke pj.k esa yxHkx 400 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
ifjogu
zzfuth vLirky }kjk ?kk;y O;fDr dk mipkj vfuok;Z fd;k tk;sxkA
zzlM+d nq?kZVuk e`R;q nj de djus okys Js"B rhu f”kyksa dks êq[;ea=kh lM+d lqj{kk iqjLdkj*A
zz40 CHC ij Primary Trauma Center] 10 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
465
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzleLr çknsf'kd ifjogu dk;kZy;ksa esa ikliksVZ lsok dsUæ dh rtZ ij Front Office Management System lapkfyr
fd;s tk;saxsA
zztksèkiqj f”kys ds ihikM+ 'kgj ifjogu dk;kZy; dks f”kyk ifjogu dk;kZy; esa ØeksUur fd;k tk;sxkA
zzçR;sd f”kys esa VªsfiQd ikdZ] 16 djksM+ 50 yk• #i;s O;; fd;s tk;saxsA
ty lalkèku ,oa flafpr {ks=k fodkl

zzty lalkèku foHkkx ds fy, dqy 4 gtkj 557 djksM+ 87 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzckaèk iquokZl ,oa lqèkkj ifj;kstuk (DRIP) ds vUrxZr vkxkeh o"kks± esa 503 djksM+ #i;s ds dk;ZA o"kZ 2020&21
esa 18 ckaèkksa ds th.kkZs¼kj] vkèkqfudhdj.k rFkk lqj{kk lacaèkh dk;Z çkjaHk gksaxsA
zzjktLFkku ty {ks=k iqulZajpuk ifj;kstuk (RWSRPD) ds varxZr 378 djksM+ #i;s ds dk;ZA
zzERCP dks flapkbZ ,oa tynk; ds fy, top priority esa lfEefyr djus dk fu'p;A
zzdsUæ ljdkj ls ERCP dks jk"Vªh; ifj;kstuk ?kksf"kr djokus dk ç;klA
zzdkyhflaèk unh ds vfèk'ks"k ty dks cukl unh esa viofrZr djus gsrq 602 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls uouSjk cSjkt
dk fuekZ.k dk;Z çxfrjr] 175 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzxqM+xkao eq[; ugj dh 23 ekbZujksa ds th.kkZs¼kj ds dk;Z] 70 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr lsA
LFkkuh; fudk; ,oa uxjh; fodkl

zzçns'k ds èkkSyiqj ,oa djkSyh esa Vkmu gkWy cuok;s tk;saxsA
zztksèkiqj esa vkWfMVksfj;e ds fuekZ.k gsrq DPR rS;kj djokbZ tk;sxhA
zzfudk;ksa }kjk lhoj liQkbZ ,oa Bksl dpjk çcaèku vkSj fuLrkj.k ds fy, midj.k •jhns tk;saxsA dqy 176 djksM+
#i;s dk O;; çLrkforA
zzRUIDP prqFkZ pj.k ds varxZr yxHkx 2 gtkj 300 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls 7 'kgjksa esa lhojst ,oa tyçnk;
dk;Z] 6 'kgjksa esa lhojst dk;Z] 1 'kgj esa tyçnk; dk;Z] yxHkx 10 yk• yksx ykHkkfUorA
zzt;iqj ds flfoy ykbZu iQkVd ij 4 ykbZu ds ROB dk fuekZ.k] ykxr 75 djksM+ #i;sA
zziqfyl eseksfj;y ls euksfpfdRlky; rd ,syhosVsM jksM dh Mhihvkj dk dk;Z çkjEHkA
zzJDA }kjk jkefuokl ckx esa nks eaf”kys Hkwfexr ikfdZax dk fuekZ.k] 100 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxrA
zztksèkiqj dh tkstjh unh esa lky Hkj ty dh miyCèkrk ds fy, rhu STP cuk;s tk;saxsA
zzvkoklu eaMy }kjk çrki uxj] t;iqj esa yxHkx 65 gtkj oxZehVj Hkwfe ij dksfpax gcA
zzHkhyokM+k ds U;kl }kjk dksBkjh unh ij 30 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls gkbZysoy fcztA
zzmn;iqj 'kgj esa vk;M unh ds iqu%:¼kj gsrq 75 djksM+ #i;s] is;ty O;oLFkk gsrq 25 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzdksVk esa uxj fodkl U;kl }kjk v.Mjikl ,oa ,sfyosVsM lM+d dk fuekZ.k] 250 djksM+ #i;s dk O;;A
zzdksVk esa vkWDlhtksu (flVh ikdZ) ds fuekZ.k ij U;kl }kjk yxHkx 100 djksM+ dk O;;A
zznsoukjk;.k ,dhÑr vkoklh; ;kstuk ij vuqekfur O;; 300 djksM+ #i;s dk gksxkA
dkS'ky ,oa jks”kxkj

zzleLr 229 jktdh; ITI esa e.Class room ds ekè;e ls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ çf'k{k.kA
zzfo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, eq[;ea=kh dkS'ky ekxZn'kZu ;kstuk
zzRKCL }kjk ;qokvksa ds fy;s On&line Digital Skills ds dkslZst 'kq: fd;s tk;saxsA
zz10 djksM+ #i;s ds çoklh jktLFkkuh Jfed dY;k.k dks"k ds xBu dh ?kks"k.kkA
466
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
zzHkjriqj esa ,d uohu {ks=kh; foKku dk;kZy; •ksyk tk;sxkA
lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj

zzLVkVZvIl ds fodkl ds fy, 75 djksM+ #i;s ds ^jktho @75 iQ.M* dh LFkkiukA
zzvkWuykbu fcfYMax Iyku vçwoy flLVe pj.kc¼ rjhds ls lHkh uxj fudk;ksa esa ykxw fd;k tkukA
zzArtificial Intelligence Lab dh LFkkiuk dh tk;sxhA
zzyf{kr lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh ds leLr ykHk tu&vkèkkj dkMZ ds ekè;e lsA
dyk ,oa laLÑfr
zz22 Lekjdksa ds iqu:¼kj ds fy, 22 djksM+ 70 yk• #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zz2 djksM+ ,sfrgkfld vfHkys•ksa dks vkWuykbu fd;k tk;sxk] 10 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzJh t;ukjk;.k O;kl Le`fr Hkou] tksèkiqj ds th.kkZs¼kj gsrq 5 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzjktLFkku jRu iqjLdkj ;kstuk dks iqu% ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kkA
ou ,oa i;kZoj.k
zz5 f”kyksa guqekux<+] Jhxaxkuxj] dksVk] vyoj ,oa cwanh esa xq:ukud t;Urh ikdZA
zz^jktLFkku jkT; ou fodkl fuxe* xfBr fd;k tk;sxkA
•k| ,oa ukxfjd vkiwfrZ

zzf”kyk jln dk;kZy;ksa] eq[;ky; ,oa xksnkeksa dk daI;wVjhdj.k] yxHkx 16 djksM+ #i;s O;;A
zzmfpr ewY; ds nqdkunkjksa dks bZ&fe=k dsUæ gsrq vfèk
Ñr djukA
lgk;rk] vkink çcaèku ,oa ukxfjd lqj{kk
zzukxfjd lqj{kk ,oa State Disaster Response Force gsrq 10&10 djksM+ #i;s ds vkèkqfud midj.kA
zzçkÑfrd vkink ds le; fuxjkuh gsrq leLr f”kyk dyDVlZ dks Mªksu miyCèk djkus dk fu.kZ;A
zzf”kyksa dks 100 vfXu'keu okgu] #i;s 26 djksM+ dh ykxrA lapkyu gsrq 500 ukxfjd lqj{kk Lo;alsodksa dks çf'k{k.kA
zzck<+ fu;a=k.k gsrq ty lalkèku foHkkx dks 12 djksM+ #i;s] vfXu fu;a=k.k gsrq ou foHkkx dks 3 djksM+ #i;s
x`g
zzERSS dk foLrkj djus ds fy, 100 djksM+ #i;s dk çkoèkkuA
zzekfiQ;k fxjksgksa ds fo#¼ vfHk;ku ds fy, SOG esa nks ubZ iQhYM ;wfuV~lA
zzSOG esa ,d ubZ ,.Vh ukjdksfVd ;wfuV dk xBuA
zz{ks=kh; ç;ksx'kkyk tksèkiqj o vtesj esa DNA •aMA
lkekU; ç'kklu ,oa ç'kklfud lqèkkj

zzljdkjh lsokvksa dh door step fMyhojh ds fy, t;iqj ,oa tksèkiqj esa ik;yV çkstsDVA
zzjktLFkku LVsV ÝykbZax Ldwy (Dyc)] t;iqj dks iqu% çkjaHk fd;k tk;sxkA
jktLo ,oa lSfud dY;k.k

zzmi•aM] rglhy] mirglhy dk;kZy;ksa] vkoklksa ds 35 Hkouksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq 25 djksM+ #i;sA
zzlhekKku rFkk Hkw&çcUèk dk;Z gsrq 12 vkèkqfud loZs midj.kA

467
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz24 f”kyk lSfud dk;kZy;ksa esa jkf'k 5 yk• #i;s dh nj ls dk;kZy;ksa dk vkèkqfudhdj.kA
zz14 f”kyksa esa 2 djksM+ 80 yk• #i;s dh ykxr ls 'kghn Lekjd fuekZ.kA
nsoLFkku
zzofj"B ukxfjd rhFkZ ;k=kk ;kstuk esa lekuqikfrd Hkkxhnkjh] ;kstuk dk foLrkj Hkh çLrkforA
U;k; ç'kklu
zzvkxkeh o"kZ esa 48 u;s dksVZA
deZpkjh dY;k.k
zztqykbZ 2019 ls egaxkbZ HkÙks dks 12 çfr'kr ls c<+kdj 17 çfr'kr fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.kkA
zzo"kZ 2020&21 esa yxHkx 53000 inksa ij HkfrZ;kaA
vU;
zzekuuh; lnL;ksa gsrq foèkkulHkk ifjlj ds lehi cgqeaf”kyk vkoklh; Hkou fuekZ.k dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA
zzefgyk dY;k.k uhfr] jktLFkku FPO uhfr] gLrf'kYi uhfr ,oa LVkVZ&vi uhfrA
ctV 2020&21 % dj izLrko (Budget 2020-21 : Tax Proposal)

iath;u ,oa eqnzkad foHkkx
zzjkT; ljdkj] LFkkuh; fudk;ksa] jktdh; laLFkkvksa }kjk tkjh iVVksa ij LVkEi M~;wVh dh x.kuk] lEifÙk ds cktkj ewY;
(DLC) ds LFkku ij] iVVksa ij olwy dh xbZ jkf'k ij dh tk;sxhA
zzLVkEi M~;wVh dh fj;k;r ls oafpr chekj lw{e ,oa y?kq bdkb;ksa dks lEifÙk;ksa ds gLrkarj.k ds nLrkostksa ij LVkEi
M~;wVh esa iw.kZ NwV ,oa iath;u 'kqYd esa fj;k;r nh tk;sxh rFkk uhykeh esa foØ; ij LVkEi M;wVh dh x.kuk uhykeh
jkf'k ij dh tk;sxhA
zzuhejkuk] fHkokM+h] vyoj vkfn dh Hkwfe;ksa] fo'ks"kdj xzqi gkmflax ;kstukvksa dh DLC njksa esa folaxfr;k¡ nwj dh tk;sxhAA
zzyfEcr LVkEi izdj.kksa dk fuLrkj.k djus ds fy;s ,eusLVh ;kstuk ykdj C;kt o 'kkfLr ij 'kr&izfr'kr NwV nh tk;sxhA
zzm|ksxksa dh lqxerk ds fy;s Hkwfe dh orZeku DLC dks 10 izfr'kr ?kVkdj LVkEi M~;wVh dh nj dsoy 1 izfr'kr
c<+kbZ tk;saxhA o"kZ 2020&21 esa Hkh DLC njsa ugha c<+kbZ tk;saxhA
zzus'kuy bZ&xousZal lfoZlst fyfeVsM (NeSL) ds iksVZy ij vkWuykbZu fu"ikfnr gksus okys ½.k nLrkostksa ij LVkWd
gksfYMax dkiksZjs'ku vkWiQ bf.M;k fyfeVsM ds ekè;e ls vkWuykbZu LVkEi M~;wVh tek djkus dh lqfoèkk nh tk;sxhA
zzLVkEi M~;wVh dh x.kuk ,oa olwyh ds fy;s jkT; esa fu"ikfnr nLrkostksa dks izLrqr djus ds fy;s ,d ekg rFkk jkT;
ds ckgj fu"ikfnr nLrkostksa ds fy;s rhu ekg dh vofèk fuèkkZfjr dh tk;sxhA
zzHkwfe dj (Land Tax) izkoèkkuksa dk ljyhdj.k rFkk Hkwfedj dh njksa dks rdZlaxr djds Hkqxrku dh izfØ;k dks
ljy o ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk;sxkA
zzcSadksa ,oa foRrh; laLFkkvksa }kjk fu"ikfnr ½.k nLrkostksa ij ,deq'r vfxze LVkEi M~;wVh ds Hkqxrku dh lqfoèkk nh
tk;sxhA
zzHkkjrh; LVkEi vfèkkfu;e esa Securities Instruments ij LVkEi M~;wVh dh ,d leku nj o jkT;ksa esa forj.k dh
O;oLFkk ds leku izkoèkku jktLFkku LVkEi vfèkkfu;e esa Hkh fd;s tk;saxsA
zznLrkost dh okLrfod Js.kh fNikdj LVkEi M;wVh dh vioapuk jksdus ds fy;s dyDVj (eqnzkad) dks flfoy dksVZ
dh 'kfDr;ka iznku dh tk;saxhA
468
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
okf.kfT;d dj foHkkx
zzGST vkWfMV izkfèkdj.k ,oa fctusl baVsyhtsal ;wfuV dk xBu fd;k tk;sxkA djnkrkvksa ds fgr esa okf.kfT;d dj
foHkkx dk lexz iquxZBu fd;k tk;sxkA
zziz'kklfud <kaps esa ,d:irk ykus ds fy;s okf.kfT;d dj foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds inuke Hkkjr ljdkj ds
vfèkdkfj;ksa ds led{k fd;s tk;sxsA
zzth,lVh ds varxZr eky ifjogu esa lqxerk ykus ,oa vkfFkZd vijkèkksa ij izHkkoh vadq'k yxkus gsrq jkT; ds eq[;
ekxksZa ij Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) o Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)
usVodZ ij vkèkkfjr ik;yV izkstsDV 'kq: fd;k tk;sxkA
mifuos'ku foHkkx
zzmifuos'ku {ks=kksa ds lHkh Jsf.k;ksa ds vkoafV;ksa dks d`f"k Hkwfe vkoaVu ds isVs fnuakd 31 fnlEcj] 2020 rd] bl frfFk
rd dh leLr cdk;k fd'ras tek djk;s tkus ij (i) C;kt esa 50 izfr'kr NwV iznku dh tk;sxh ,oa (ii) ckdh cph
gqbZ fd'rsa ,deq'r tek djk;s tkus ij mi;qZDr C;kt esa 'kr&izfr'kr NwV iznku dh tk;sxhA
uxjh; fodkl] vkoklu o jktLo foHkkx
zzLVsfM;e] [ksy eSnku ,oa ØhM+k ladqyksa ds fuekZ.k esa futh laLFkkvksa ds fuos'k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s d`f"k ls vd`f"k
iz;kstukFkZ Hkwfe vkoaVu ,oa fu;eu gsrq fuèkkZfjr izhfe;e njksa] Hkw&mi;ksx ifjorZu 'kqYd ,oa Hkou fuekZ.k vuqKk
'kqYd esa 'kr&izfr'kr NwV nh tk;sxhA
ifjogu foHkkx
zzmi&uxjh; ekxksZa dh lHkh rhu nwjh vkèkkkfjr Jsf.k;ksa esa eksVj okgu dj dh nj esa 50 #Ik;s izfr lhV izfrekg dh dehA
zzdkWUVasDV
dSfjt clksa dh cSBd {kerk vkèkkfjr nks Jsf.k;ksa esa eksVj okgu dj dh nj esa 100 #Ik;s izfr lhV izfrekg
dh dehA
zznksuxjikfydkvksa ds eè; fLFkr ekxZ ftldh nwjh 10 fdeh- ls vfèkkd ugha gks ij lapkfyr okguksa ds eksVj okgu
dj dh nj esa 100 #Ik;s izfrlhV izfrekg rd lhfer j[kk tkukA
zzvkS|ksfxdizfr"Bkuksa ds lkFk lafonk ;ku ds :i esa lapkfyr cSBd {kerk 23 ls 32 rd ds okguksa ij vkjksfir eksVj
okgu dj esa #Ik;s 14]000@& ds LFkku ij 10]000@& #Ik;s j[kk tkukA
zzConstruction Equipment Vehicle ,oa Vehicle Fitted with Equipment ij ns; ,dckjh; dj esa lekuhdj.k
djrs gq;s dj dh nj dks pSfll ds :Ik esa Ø; djus ij 8-5 izfr'kr ds LFkku ij 10 izfr'kr ,oa iw.kZr;k fufeZr
ckWMh ds :Ik esa Ø; djus ij 7 izfr'kr ds LFkku ij 8 izfr'kr fd;k tkukA
zzfuth Js.kh esa iathd`r okguksa ds O;kolkf;d mi;ksx fd;s tkus ij leku izdkj ds O;kolkf;d okgu ij ns;
,dckjh; dj dh jkf'k dks 10 izfr'kr dks c<kdj 25 izfr'kr fd;k tkukA
[kku ,oa isVªkSfy;e foHkkx
zz^jkT; [kfut vUos"k.k U;kl* dk xBu fd;k tk;sxkA mR[kfur [kfut ,oa jkW;YVh dh x.kuk gsrq IT o Mªksu vkfn
vkèkkqfud rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk;sxkA
zzmijksDr dj izLrkoksa esa dksbZ Hkh u;k dj ugha yxk;k tk jgk gS rFkk dj izLrkoksa ls yxHkx 130 djksM+ #i;s
ls vfèkd dh jkgr nh xbZ gSA
469
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
473
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
476
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
477
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vè;k;&19
^dsanz o jktLFkku ljdkj dh ;kstuk,¡ * ds varxZr dqN vfrfjDr fcanqvksa@'kh"kZdksa dks viMsV@,fMV fd;k x;k
,d dY;k.kdkjh jk"Vª esa xjhcksa ,oa oafpr oxks± osQ xfjekiw.kZ thou osQ fy;s ljdkj }kjk fofHkUu izdkj dh ;kstuk,¡
pykbZ tkrh gSaA ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls ljdkj vkRefuHkZjrk] lkekftd U;k; ,oa vkfFkZd lao`f¼ lqfuf'pr djus dk
iz;kl djrh gSA blh lanHkZ esa osaQnz ,oa jktLFkku ljdkj dh oqQN egÙoiw.kZ ;kstukvksa dk o.kZu uhps fd;k x;k gSA
dsanz ljdkj dh ;kstuk,¡ (Central Government’s Schemes)

,d jk"Vª&,d jk'ku dkMZ ;kstuk
zzdsaæh; miHkksD‍rk ekeys] •k| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; (Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution) us 30 twu] 2020 rd iwjs ns'k esa ^,d jk"Vª&,d jk'ku dkMZ* ;kstuk ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr lkoZtkfud forj.k ç.kkyh ds varxZr vkus okys ykHkkFkhZ (fo'ks"kdj çoklh) ns'k ds fdlh Hkh
Hkkx esa] •k|kUu çkIr djus esa l{ke gks ik,axsA
zzblds ekè;e ls dsaæ ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr ;kstukvksa dk gh iQk;nk fy;k tk ldsxkA ;fn dksbZ jkT; vius Lrj ij
vius ukxfjdksa ds fy;s fdlh çdkj dh •k| lqj{kk ;kstuk pyk jgk gS rks vU; jkT; ds ukxfjd bldk iQk;nk
ugha ys ik,axsA
zzorZeku esa vkaèkz çns'k] xqtjkr] gfj;k.kk] >kj•aM] dukZVd] dsjy] egkjk"‍Vª] jktL‍Fkku] rsyaxkuk vkSj f=kiqjk ,sls 10
jkT‍; gSa] tgk¡ •k|kU‍u forj.k dk 100 çfr'kr dk;Z IokabV vkWiQ lsy (POS) e'khuksa ds tfj;s gks jgk gSA
zzbu jkT‍;ksa esa lkoZtfud forj.k dh lHkh nqdkuksa dks baVjusV ls tksM+k tk pqdk gS rFkk ;gk¡ ykHkkFkhZ lkoZtfud forj.k
dh fdlh Hkh nqdku ls vukt çkI‍r dj ldrs gSa A
zzlHkh lkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks fMiks vkWuykbu ç.kkyh (DOS) ds lkFk tksM+k tk jgk gS] rkfd jk"‍Vªh; •k|
lqj{kk vfèkfu;e ds ykHkksa dks yksxksa rd igq¡pkus esa dksbZ vojksèk u gksA
fdlku ÅtkZ lqj{kk ,oa mR‍Fkku egkfHk;ku (KUSUM)

zzçèkkuea=kh dh vè‍;{krk esa vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh eaf=ke.‍Myh; lfefr (Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs-
CCEA) us fdlkuksa dks foÙkh; vkSj ty lqj{kk çnku djus ds mís'‍; ls fdlku ÅtkZ lqj{kk ,oa mR‍Fkku egkfHk;ku&dqlqe
(Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan-KUSUM) dks 'kq: djus dh eatwjh ns nh gSA
zzrhuksa ?kVdksa dks 'kkfey djus okyh bl ;kstuk dk y{; o"kZ 2022 rd dqy 25]750 esxkokV dh lkSj {kerk LFkkfir
djuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr dsaæ ljdkj 34]422 djksM+ #i, dh foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djsxhA
zzjkT‍; ljdkj 30 çfr'kr dh lfClMh nsxh vkSj 'ks"k 40 çfr'kr •pZ dk ogu fdlkuksa dks djuk gksxkA ykxr ds 30
çfr'kr •pZ ds fy;s cSadksa ls lgk;rk Hkh çkI‍r dh tk ldrh gSA 'ks"k 10 çfr'kr ykxr fdlku ds }kjk miyC‍èk
djkbZ tk,xhA
zzbl ;kstuk ls xzkeh.k Hkw&L‍okfe;ksa dks L‍Fkk;h o fujarj vk; dk lzksr çkI‍r gksxkA
zzfdlku mR‍ikfnr ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx flapkbZ t:jrksa ds fy;s dj ik,axs rFkk vfrfjD‍r ÅtkZ fctyh forj.k da‍ifu;ksa dks
csp ik,axsA blls fdlkuksa dks vfrfjD‍r vk; çkI‍r gksxhA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
;kstuk ds ?kVd
zz?kVd A % Hkwfe ds Åij cuk, x, 10]000 esxkokV ds fodsaæhÑr fxzMksa dks uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ la;a=kksa ls tksM+ukA
zz?kVd B % 17-50 yk• lkSj ÅtkZ pkfyr Ñf"k iaiksa dh LFkkiukA
zz?kVd C % fxzM ls tqM+s 10 yk• lkSj ÅtkZ pkfyr Ñf"k iaiksa dk lkSjhdj.k (Solarisation)
çèkkuea=kh Je ;ksxh eku&èku (PM-SYM) ;kstuk

zzJe vkSj jkstxkj ea=kky; (Ministry of Labour and Employment) us çèkkuea=kh Je ;ksxh eku&èku [Pradhan
Mantri Shram Yogi Maan&dhan (PM&SYM)] ;kstuk ykWUp dh gSA varfje ctV esa ?kksf"kr bl ;kstuk dks Je
ea=kky; }kjk gky gh esa vfèklwfpr fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds ik=k 18&40 o"kZ dh vk;q lewg ds ?kj ls dke djus okys Jfed] LVªhV osaMj] feM Ms ehy Jfed] flj
ij cks> <ksus okys Jfed] bZaV&Hkêðk etnwj] peZdkj] dpjk mBkus okys] ?kjsyw dkexkj] èkksch] fjD'kk pkyd] Hkwfeghu
etnwj] •sfrgj etnwj] fuekZ.k etnwj] chM+h etnwj] gFkdj?kk etnwj] peM+k etnwj] vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ks Jfed rFkk blh
rjg ds vU; O;olk;ksa esa dke djus okys ,sls Jfed gksaxs ftudh ekfld vk; 15]000 #i, ;k mlls de gSA
zzik=k O;fDr dks ubZ isa'ku ;kstuk (New Pension Scheme-NPS)] deZpkjh jkT; chek fuxe (Employees' State
Insurance Corporation-ESIC) vkSj deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu (Employees' Provident Fund Organisation-
EPFO) ds ykHk ds varxZr doj u fd;k x;k gks rFkk mls vk;dj nkrk ugha gksuk pkfg;sA
zzU;wure fuf'pr isa'ku (Minimum Assured Pension)% PM-SYM ds varxZr çR;sd vfHknkrk dks 60 o"kZ dh
mez iwjh gksus ds ckn çfr eghus U;wure 3]000 #i, dh fuf'pr isa'ku feysxhA
zzifjokj dks isa'ku (Family Pension)% ;fn isa'ku çkfIr ds nkSjku vfHknkrk (Subscriber) dh e`R;q gks tkrh gS
rks ykHkkFkhZ dks feyus okyh isa'ku dh 50 çfr'kr jkf'k iQSfeyh isa'ku ds :i esa ykHkkFkhZ ds thoulkFkh (Spouse)
dks feysxhA
zzifjokj isa'ku@iQSfeyh isa'ku dsoy thoulkFkh ds ekeys esa ykxw gksrh gSA
zz;fn ykHkkFkhZ us fu;fer va'knku fd;k gS vkSj fdlh dkj.ko'k mldh e`R;q (60 o"kZ dh vk;q ls igys) gks tkrh gS
rks ykHkkFkhZ dk thoulkFkh ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gksdj fu;fer va'knku djds ;kstuk dks tkjh j• ldrk gS ;k ;kstuk
ls ckgj fudyus vkSj okilh ds çkoèkkuksa ds vuqlkj ;kstuk ls ckgj fudy ldrk gSA
zzdsaæ ljdkj }kjk cjkcj dk va'knku (Matching contribution by the Central Government)% PM-SYM
50%50 ds vuqikr vkèkkj ij ,d LoSfPNd rFkk va'knk;h isa'ku ;kstuk gS] ftlesa fuèkkZfjr vk;q fo'ks"k va'knku
(Age-Specific Contribution) ykHkkFkhZ }kjk fd;k tk,xk vkSj rkfydk ds vuqlkj cjkcj dk va'knku dsaæ ljdkj
}kjk fd;k tk,xkA
zzPM-SYM isa'ku ;kstuk ds varxZr ,df=kr jkf'k dk fuos'k Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fufnZ"V fuos'k rjhdksa ds vuqlkj
fd;k tk,xkA
zz;kstuk ls ckgj fudyus vkSj okilh lacaèkh çkoèkku (Exit and Withdrawal)% vlaxfBr {ks=k ds etnwjksa ds
jkstxkj ds vfuf'pr LoHkko dks ns•rs gq, ;kstuk ls ckgj fudyus ds çkoèkku yphys j•s x, gSa tks bl çdkj gSa&
zz;fn vfHknkrk 10 o"kZ ls de dh vofèk esa ;kstuk ls ckgj fudyrk gS rks mls dsoy ykHkkFkhZ ds va'knku ds fgLls
dks cpr cSad C;kt nj ds lkFk fn;k tk,xkA
zz;fn ykHkkFkhZ us fu;fer va'knku fd;k gS vkSj 60 o"kZ dh vk;q ls igys fdlh dkj.ko'k LFkk;h :i ls fnO;kax
gks tkrk gS vkSj ;kstuk ds varxZr va'knku djus esa v{ke gksrk gS rks mldk thoulkFkh fu;fer va'knku djds bl
;kstuk dks vkxs tkjh j• ldrk gS ;k dks"k }kjk vftZr ,df=kr okLrfod C;kt ;k cpr cSad C;kt nj] tks Hkh
vfèkd gks] ds lkFk ykHkkFkhZ dk va'knku çkIr dj ;kstuk ls ckgj fudy ldrk gSA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvfHknkrk vkSj mlds thoulkFkh nksuksa dh e`R;q ds ckn laiw.kZ jkf'k dks"k esa tek djk nh tk,xhA
zz;fn vfHknkrk us fujarj vius va'knku dk Hkqxrku ugha fd;k gS rks mls ljdkj }kjk fuèkkZfjr naM jkf'k ds lkFk iwjh
cdk;k jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djds va'knku dks fu;fer djus dh vuqefr gksxhA
zz18&40 o"kZ dh ços'k vk;q esa ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gksus ds ckn 60 o"kZ dh mez rd rd ykHkkFkhZ dks va'knku djuk
gksxkA 60 o"kZ dh mez iwjh gksus ij vfHknkrk dks ifjokj isa'ku ykHk ds lkFk çfr eghus 3000 #i, dh fuf'pr
ekfld isa'ku çkIr gksxhA
çèkkuea=kh fdlku lEeku fufèk ;kstuk

zzçèkkuea=kh fdlku lEeku fufèk (PM-KISAN) ;kstuk ,d dsaæh; {ks=kd ;kstuk gS ftldh 'kq#vkr çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ
eksnh }kjk 24 iQjojh] 2019 dks y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk çnku djus ds mís'; ls dh xbZ FkhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr ik=k fdlku ifjokjksa dks çfro"kZ 6]000 #i, dh nj ls çR;{k vk; lgk;rk miyCèk djkbZ tkrh gSA
zz;g vk; lgk;rk 2]000 #i, dh rhu leku fdLrksa esa ykHkkfUor fdlkuksa ds cSad •krksa esa çR;{k :i ls gLrkarfjr
dh tkrh gS] rkfd laiw.kZ çfØ;k esa ikjnf'kZrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA
zzvkjaHk esa ;g ;kstuk dsoy y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa (2 gsDVs;j ls de tksr okys) ds fy;s gh 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh] fdarq
31 ebZ] 2019 dks dSfcusV }kjk fy;s x, fu.kZ; ds mijkar ;g ;kstuk ns'k Hkj ds lHkh fdlkuksa gsrq ykxw dj nh xbZA
zzbl ;kstuk dk foÙkiks"k.k dsaæ ljdkj }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA bl ;kstuk ij vuqekur% 75 gtkj djksM+ #i, dk
okf"kZd O;; vk,xkA
zzbl ;kstuk dk çkFkfed mís'; ns'k ds y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dks çR;{k vk; lacaèkh lgk;rk çnku djuk gSA
zz;g ;kstuk y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dks mudh fuos'k ,oa vU; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s vk; dk ,d fuf'pr
ekè;e çnku djrh gSA
zz;kstuk ds ekè;e ls y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dks lkgwdkjksa rFkk vukSipkfjd ½.knkrk ds paxqy ls cpkus dk ç;kl
fd;k tk jgk gSA
O;kikfj;ksa vkSj Lojkstxkj okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; isa'ku ;kstuk

zz12 flracj] 2019 dks jkaph esa çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us dsaæh; Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky; ds rÙokoèkku esa O;kikfj;ksa
vkSj Lojkstxkj okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; isa'ku ;kstuk (National Pension Scheme for Traders and Self
Employed Persons) dh 'kq#vkr dhA
zzbl jk"VªO;kih 'kq:vkr ls bl ;kstuk ds rgr Hkkoh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ukekadu dh lqfoèkk ns'k Hkj esa fLFkr 3-50
yk• dkWeu lfoZl lsaVj (Common Service Center-CSCs) ds ekè;e ls miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSA
zzukekadu ds le; ykHkkFkhZ dks viuk vkèkkj dkMZ vkSj cpr cSad@tu&èku •krk iklcqd ys tkuk vko';d gSA
ykHkkFkhZ dh vk;q 18 ls 40 o"kZ ds chp gksuh pkfg;sA
zz40 yk• #i, ls vfèkd okf"kZd O;kikj okys O;kikfj;ksa ds fy;s GSTIN (Goods and Services Tax Identification
Number) dh t:jr gSA
zz;kstuk ds rgr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ukekadu dks fu%'kqYd j•k x;k gSA ukekadu Lo&çek.ku ij vkèkkfjr gSA
zzo"kZ 2019&20 rd 25 yk• ykHkkfFkZ;ksa rFkk o"kZ 2023&2024 rd 2 djksM+ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks bl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey
djus dk y{; j•k x;k gSA
zz;g isa'ku ;kstuk mu O;kikfj;ksa (nqdkunkjksa@•qnjk O;kikfj;ksa vkSj Lojkstxkj esa yxs O;fDr;ksa) ds fy;s 'kq: dh xbZ
gS ftudk okf"kZd dkjksckj 1-5 djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd dk ugha gSA
480
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz;g 18 ls 40 o"kZ dh vk;q ds O;kikfj;ksa ds fy;s ,d LoSfPNd vkSj va'knk;h isa'ku ;kstuk gSA
zzykHkkFkhZ dks vk;dj nkrk ugha gksuk pkfg;s rFkk mls EPFO@ESIC@NPS(ljdkj&iksf"kr) dk lnL; Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg;sA
zzykHkkFkhZ dks çkIr gksus okys ykHk
zzblesa ykHkkFkhZ dh vk;q 60 o"kZ gksus ij U;wure 3]000 #i, ekfld isa'ku nsus dk çkoèkku gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr dsaæ ljdkj dk ekfld va'knku esa 50» ;ksxnku gksxk vkSj 'ks"k 50» va'knku ykHkkFkhZ }kjk
fd;k tk,xkA
zzekfld ;ksxnku dks de j•k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ,d ykHkkFkhZ dks 29 o"kZ dh vk;q gksus ij dsoy 100 #i,
çfr ekg dk NksVk lk ;ksxnku djuk vko';d gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ls ns'k ds yxHkx 3 djksM+ O;kikfj;ksa ds ykHkkfUor gksus dh mEehn gSA
ty thou fe'ku ;kstuk

zzbl ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk vxLr 2019 esa dh xbZA
zzbl ;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; 2024 rd lHkh xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh ?kjksa esa izfrO;fDr 55 yhVj ikbi tykiwfrZ iznku
djuk gSA
zz;g fe'ku LFkkuh; Lrj ij ikuh dh ,dhÑr ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ i{k izcaèku ij è;ku dsafnzr djrk gSA
zzblds rgr o"kkZ ty lap;u] Hkwty iquHkZj.k] iqu% mi;ksx ds fy;s ?kjsyw vif'k"V ty izcaèku tSls vfuok;Z rÙoksa
ds fy;s] lzksr fLFkjrk mik;ksa ds fy;s] LFkkuh; cqfu;knh <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k] vU; ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa@;kstukvksa ds lkFk
vfHklj.k fd;k tk;sxkA
zz;g fe'ku ikuh ds fy;s ,d lkeqnkf;d n`f"Vdks.k ij vkèkkfjr gS ftlds izeq[k ?kVd ds :i esa O;kid lwpuk]
f'k{kk vkSj lapkj 'kkfey gSA
zzbl fe'ku esa iQaM caVokjk dsanz o fgeky;h vkSj mÙkj iwohZ jkT;ksa ds fy;s 90:10 vU; jkT;ksa ds fy;s 50:50 dsanz'kkflr
jkT;ksa ds fy;s 100% gksxkA
çèkkuea=kh ekr` oanuk ;kstuk

zzvf•y Hkkjrh; ekr`Ro ykHk dk;ZØe ^çèkkuea=kh ekr` oanuk ;kstuk* (The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana-
PMMVY) dh viotZukRed çÑfr ds fy;s vkykspuk dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk ykHk fdlh efgyk dks dsoy igys cPps ds tUe ds vkèkkj ij feyrk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk esa iathdj.k ds fy;s vkosnd efgyk dks vius ifr dk vkèkkj lacaèkh fooj.k çnku djuk gksrk gS ftlls
,dy efgyk,¡] vfookfgr ekrk,¡] vfHkR;Dr ifRu;k¡ vkSj foèkok efgyk,¡ bl ;kstuk dk ykHk mBkus ls oafpr jg
tkrh gSaA
zzbl ;kstuk esa vkosnu djus dh U;wure vk;q 19 o"kZ gS vr% 18 o"kZ ls de vk;q dh uofookfgrk bl ;kstuk dk
ykHk mBkus ls oafpr jg tkrh gSaA
zzigys f'k'kq dks tUe nsus okyh yxHkx 30&35» efgyk,¡ 18 o"kZ ls de vk;q dh gSaA
zzuotkr ds ekrk&firk ls vyx&vyx ;g çek.k fy;k tkrk gS fd og ml efgyk vkSj mlds ifr ls igyk thfor
cPpk gSA
zzykHkkFkhZ efgyk dks vius oSokfgd ?kj dk irk lacaèkh nLrkost çLrqr djuk iM+rk gS] vr% ;g uofookfgr efgykvksa
ds fy;s pqukSrhiw.kZ gksrk gS] D;ksafd xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku lkekU;r% mUgsa ?kj esa jgus rFkk vkjke djus dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA
481
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zznLrkosthdj.k dh tfVy çfØ;k ds dkj.k gkf'k;s ij jgus okyh efgykvksa tSls& ;kSudehZ] fgjklr esa jgus okyha
efgyk,¡] çoklh vkSj la?k"kZ ds ckn dh fLFkfr;ksa esa jgus okyha efgyk,¡ bl ;kstuk dk ykHk ugha mBk ikrh gSaA
zz,d efgyk dk;ZdÙkkZ ds vuqlkj] efgykvksa dks vkosnu çfØ;k ds nkSjku Hkkjh fj'or nsuh iM+rh gSA
zzçèkkuea=kh ekr` oanuk ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr 1 tuojh] 2017 dks ns'k Hkj esa xHkZorh ,oa Lruiku djkus okyh efgykvksa
ds dY;k.k gsrq dh xbZ FkhA
zz;g ,d dsaæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk gS ftls efgyk vkSj cky fodkl ea=kky; }kjk lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr xHkZorh efgykvksa dks lhèks muds cSad •krs esa udn ykHk çnku fd;k tkrk gS rkfd c<+h gqbZ
iks"k.k lacaèkh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk lds vkSj osru gkfu dh vkaf'kd {kfriwfrZ dh tk ldsA
zzyf{kr ykHkkFkhZ% lHkh xHkZorh efgyk,¡ vkSj Lruiku djkus okyh ekrk,¡] ftUgsa dsaæ ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkjksa ;k lkoZtfud
miØeksa esa fu;fer :i ls jkstxkj ij j•k x;k gS ;k tks fdlh Hkh dkuwu ds rgr leku ykHk çkIr dj jgh gSaA
zzPMMVY ds rgr lHkh ik=k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks rhu fd'rksa esa 5]000 #i, fn;s tkrs gSa vkSj 'ks"k 1000 #i, dh jkf'k
tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds varxZr ekr`Ro ykHk dh 'krks± ds vuq:i laLFkkxr çlwfr djokus ds ckn nh tkrh gSA bl
çdkj vkSlru ,d efgyk dks 6]000 #i, çkIr gksrs gSa
jk"Vªh; iks"k.k fe'ku

zzHkkjr esa ekr` ,oa cky LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k ls lacaèkh 30 ls vfèkd ljdkjh dk;ZØe vkSj ;kstuk,¡ gSa] ijarq blds
ckotwn Hkh Hkkjr dqiks"k.k ds ladV ls tw> jgk gSA
zzjk"Vªh; iks"k.k fe'ku dk mís'; NksVs cPpksa] efgykvksa vkSj fd'kksfj;ksa esa dqiks"k.k vkSj ,uhfe;k dks de djuk gSA
zzNNM uhfr vk;ksx }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ jk"Vªh; iks"k.k j.kuhfr (National Nutrition Strategy) }kjk lefFkZr gSA bl
j.kuhfr dk mís'; o"kZ 2022 Hkkjr dks dqiks"k.k ls eqDr djuk gSA
zz;g fe'ku vkaxuckM+h dk;ZdÙkkZvksa (Anganwadi Workers-AWWs) dks lqpu ,oa çkS|ksfxdh vkèkkfjr midj.kksa dk
ç;ksx djus] lks'ky vkWfMV djus vkSj iks"k.k lalkèku dsaæ LFkkfir djus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr djsxkA
zzfuèkZurk lfgr vi;kZIr Hkkstu dh •ir] Hkkstu dk vleku forj.k] ekr`] f'k'kq ,oa cPps dh vuqfpr ns•Hkky]
vlekurk vkSj ySafxd vlarqyu] [kjkc lkiQ&liQkbZ vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa rd lhfer igq¡p vkfn blds
çeq• dkj.k gSaA
zzLokLF; ls lacafèkr fofHkUu ea=kky; vkSj foHkkx vDlj vyx&vyx dke djrs gSa vkSj muds chp leUo; esa deh
ikbZ tkrh gSA
zzvU; ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh rjg ;g ;kstuk Hkh vkoafVr jkf'k ds vkaf'kd ç;ksx dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA bl ;kstuk
ds fy;s o"kZ 2018&19 esa vkoafVr dqy lalkèkuksa dk ek=k 16 çfr'kr gh ç;ksx esa yk;k x;k FkkA
zzfj;y Vkbe MsVk ekWfuVfjax] fLFkjrk vkSj tokcnsgh dh deh ds dkj.k ;g fe'ku dkiQh çHkkfor gks ldrk gS] blfy;s
ges fuxjkuh ç.kkyh dks vkSj etcwr djus rFkk fLFkjrk ,oa tokcnsgh dks c<+kok nsus dh vko';drk gSA
[kk| lqj{kk fe=k ;kstuk

zz[kk| lqj{kk fe=k ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dsanzh; LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kh }kjk fo'o [kk| fnol 16 vDVwcj
ds volj ij dh xbZA
zz;g ;kstuk [kk| lqj{kk dkuwuksa dk ikyu djus] ykblsal vkSj iathdj.k] LoPNrk jsfVax vkSj izf'k{k.k dh lqfoèkk ds
fy;s NksVs vkSj eè;e Lrj ds [kk| O;olk;ksa dk leFkZu djrh gSA
zz;g ;kstuk [kk| lqj{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds lkFk gh ;qokvksa ds fy;s jkstxkj ds u, volj Hkh iSnk djsxhA
482
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl ;kstuk ds fy;s [kk| lqj{kk fe=kksa dk p;u fd;k tk;sxkA budks FSSAI }kjk izf'kf{kr djus ds i'pkr izek.ki=k fn;k tk;sxkA
;s [kk| lqj{kk fe=k [kk| O;kolkf;;ksa dh lsok@lgk;rk djsaxs vkSj bldk Hkqxrku izkIr djsaxsA
zzbl izdkj ;g ;kstuk ^bZV jkbV bafM;k* vkanksyu dks etwr djus vkSj c<+kus dk leFkZu djrh gSA
^çèkkuea=kh vUunkrk vk; laj{k.k vfHk;ku* (ih,e&vk'kk)

zzljdkj dh fdlku vuqdwy igyksa dks c<+kok nsus ds lkFk&lkFk vUunkrk ds çfr viuh tokcnsgh dks è;ku esa j•rs
gq, dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us ,d ubZ lexz ;kstuk ^çèkkuea=kh vUUnkrk vk; laj{k.k vfHk;ku* (Pradhan Mantri Annadata
Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan-PM-AASHA) dks eatwjh ns nh gSA
zz;g fdlkuksa dh vk; ds laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk mBk;k x;k ,d vlkèkkj.k dne gS ftlls fdlkuksa
ds dY;k.k gsrq fd;s tkus okys dk;ks± esa vR;fèkd liQyrk feyus dh vk'kk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mís'; fdlkuksa dks mudh mit ds fy;s mfpr ewY; fnykuk gS] ftldh ?kks"k.kk o"kZ 2018 ds dsaæh;
ctV esa dh xbZ gSA
ih,e&vk'kk ds çeq• ?kVd
zzubZ lexz ;kstuk esa fdlkuksa ds fy;s mfpr ewY; lqfuf'pr djus dh O;oLFkk 'kkfey gS vkSj blds varxZr vkus
okys çeq• ?kVd fuEufyf•r gSa
zzewY; leFkZu ;kstuk (Price Support Scheme-PSS)
zzewY; U;wurk Hkqxrku ;kstuk (Price Deficiency Payment Scheme-PDPS)
zzfuth •jhn ,oa LVkWfdLV ;kstuk (Private Procurement-Stockist Scheme-PPSS)
vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ

ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; us ns'k esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, çkS|ksfxdh dk ykHk mBkus ds
fy, vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA lapkyu fMftVy cksMZ us fd;k
zz;g ,d Økafrdkjh dne gS tks f'k{k.k ds lkFk&lkFk f'k{k.k çfØ;k dks baVjSfDVo cuk nsxk vkSj ,d 'kS{kf.kd
n`f"Vdks.k ds :i esa fÝyfiax lh•us dks yksdfç; cukrk gSA
zzfMftVy cksMZ dks iwjs ns'k esa ljdkjh vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr Ldwyksa esa d{kk 9 oha ds lkFk&lkFk mPp f'k{kk
laLFkkuksa esa 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
zz;g çfØ;k 2019 ds vkxkeh l=k ls 'kq: gksxhA
zz;g mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa (HEI) ,oa LdwYl esa 'kq: dh tk;sxh
zzODB dk mís'; Dykl :e dks fMftVy Dykl :e esa cnyuk gSA ;g Nk=kksa dks fdlh Hkh le; vkSj fdlh Hkh
LFkku ij bZ&lalkèku miyCèk djk,xkA
zz;g e'khu yfuZax] ,vkbZ vkSj MsVk ,ukfyfVDl tSlh mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk nksgu djds O;fDrxr vuqdwyh lh•us
ds lkFk&lkFk baVsfytsaV VÔw'ku dh O;oLFkk djus esa Hkh enn djsxkA
lkSHkkX; (izèkkuea=kh lgt fctyh gj ?kj ;kstuk)

zzbl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr flracj 2017 esa fd;k x;k ftldk mn~ns'; 2018 (fnlacj) rd ns'k ds lHkh ?kjksa rd
fctyh igq¡pkuk FkkA ysfdu ckn esa bl ;kstuk dh vofèk c<+kdj 31 ekpZ 2019 rd fd;k x;kA
zz,sls lHkh pkj djksM+ fuèkZu ifjokjksa dks fctyh dusD'ku iznku fd;k x;k ftlds ikl ml oDr dusD'ku ugha FkkA
zzfctyh dusD'ku ds fy;s 2011 dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj tkrh; tux.kuk dks vkèkkj ekuk x;kA tks yksx bl
tux.kuk esa 'kkfey ugha Fks mUgsa 500 #i, esa dusD'ku fn;k x;k vkSj bls 10 fd'rksa esa olwyk tk;sxkA
483
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzlHkh ?kjksa dks fctyh igq¡pkus ds fy;s izhisM ekWMy viuk;k x;kA
zzbl ;kstuk ls oafpr lHkh ?kjksa dks vc bl ;kstuk ds rgr fctyh dusD'ku ugha fn;k tk;sxk ysfdu bUgsa vU;
;kstukvksa ,dhÑr fctyh fodkl ;kstuk] nhu n;ky xzke t;ksfr ;kstuk vkfn ds ekè;e ls fctyh dusD'ku miyCèk
djk;k tk;sxkA
lcdk fo'okl ;kstuk

zzctV 2019 esa foÙk ea=kh us lcdk fo'okl ;kstuk (Sabka Vishwas Scheme) 2019 dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA dsaæ dh
bl ;kstuk dk mís'; cdk;k dj jkf'k okys yksxksa dks vkaf'kd NwV nsuk vkSj dj fookn ekeyksa dk tYn&ls&tYn
fuiVkjk djuk gSA
zz;g ;kstuk 1 flracj 2019 ls 31 fnlacj 2019 rd dk;kZfUor gksxhA
zzljdkj dks mEehn gS fd cM+h la[;k esa djnkrk lsok dj vkSj dsaæh; mRikn dj ls lacafèkr vius cdk;k ekeyks ds
lekèkku ds fy;s bl ;kstuk dk ykHk mBk,axsA xkSjryc gS fd ;s lHkh ekeys vc oLrq ,oa lsok dj (Goods and
Services Tax) vFkkZr~ GST ds varxZr lfEefyr gks pqds gSa vkSj buds lekèkku ds ifj.kkeLo:i djnkrk GST
ij è;ku dsafær dj ldsaxsA
bl ;kstuk ds nks çeq• Hkkx gS% 1. fookn lekèkku 2. cdk;k dj esa ekiQh
zzfookn lekèkku dk y{; vc GST esa lfEefyr dsaæh; mRikn vkSj lsok dj ds cdk;k ekeyksa dk lekèkku djuk gSA
zzcdk;k dj esa ekiQh ds rgr djnkrk dks dqN fuf'pr NwV ds lkFk cdk;k dj nsus dk volj çnku fd;k tk,xk
vkSj djnkrk dkuwu ds varxZr fdlh Hkh vU; çHkko ls eqDr j•k tk,xkA
zz;kstuk dk lcls vkd"kZd çLrko lHkh çdkj ds ekeyks esa cdk;k dj ls cM+h jkgr ds lkFk&lkFk C;kt] tqekZuk
vkSj vFkZ naM esa Hkh iw.kZ jkgr nsuk gSA
zzbu lHkh ekeyks esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dk vU; C;kt] tqekZuk vkSj vFkZ naM ugha yxk;k tk,xk vkSj blds lkFk gh
vfHk;kstu (Prosecution) ls Hkh iwjh NwV feysxhA
zz;kstuk ds varxZr U;kf;d ;k vihy esa yafcr lHkh ekeyks esa 50 yk• #i, ;k blls de ds ekeys esa 70 çfr'kr
vkSj 50 yk• #i, ls vfèkd ds ekeyks esa 50 çfr'kr dh jkgr feysxhA
çèkkuea=kh ^th&ou* ;kstuk

zzgky gh esa çèkkuea=kh dh vè;{krk esa vkfFkZd ekeyksa dh eaf=keaMyh; lfefr us çèkkuea=kh ^th&ou ;kstuk* (Jaiv
Indhan-Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awashesh Nivaran Yojana: JI-VAN) ds fy;s foÙkh; enn dks eatwjh çnku dhA
zztSo bZaèku&okrkoj.k vuqdwy iQly vo'ks"k fuokj.k ;kstuk (th&ou ;kstuk) ds rgr ,slh ,dhÑr ck;ks&bFksukWy
ifj;kstukvksa dks foÙkh; enn çnku djus dk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS tks fyXukslsY;wykWftd ck;ksekl (Lignocellulosic
Biomass) vkSj vU; uohdj.kh; iQhMLVkWd (Feedstock) dk bLrseky djrh gSaA
zzfyXukslsY;wykWftd ck;ksekl (LC biomass) – ;g ck;ksekl lsY;wykst (Cellulose)] gsfelsY;wykst (Hemicelluloses)
vkSj fyfXuu (Lignin) ls cuk gksrk gSA
zz2018&19 ls 2023&24 dh vofèk ds fy;s bl ;kstuk esa dqy 1969-50 djksM+ #i, dh eatwjh çnku dh xbZ gSA
zzLohÑr dqy 1969-50 djksM+ #i, esa ls 1800 djksM+ #i, 12 okf.kfT;d ifj;kstukvksa dh enn] 150 djksM+ #i,
10 çnf'kZr ifj;kstukvksa vkSj ckdh cps 9-50 djksM+ #i, mPp çkS|ksfxdh dsUæ (Centre for High Technology-
CHT) dks ç'kklfud 'kqYd ds :i esa fn;s tk,axsA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr12 ifj;kstukvksa dks okf.kfT;d Lrj ij vkSj 10 nwljh ih<+h (2G) ds bFksukWy ifj;kstukvksa ds
çn'kZu Lrj ij nks pj.kksa esa foÙkh; enn nh tk,xhA
484
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl ifj;kstuk ds rgr nwljh ih<+h ds bFksukWy {ks=k dks çksRlkfgr ,oa enn djus dk dke fd;k x;k gSA blds fy;s
okf.kfT;d ifj;kstuk,¡ LFkkfir djus vkSj vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s vuqdwy okrkoj.k
miyCèk djkus dk dke fd;k x;k gSA
zz;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa }kjk cuk, x, bFksukWy dh vfuok;Z :i ls rsy foi.ku daifu;ksa dks vkiwfrZ djuk] rkfd os
EBP dk;ZØe ds rgr buesa fuèkkZfjr çfr'kr esa feJ.k dj ldsaA
mís';
zzisVªksfy;e vkSj çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; us o"kZ 2022 rd isVªksy esa 10 çfr'kr bFksukWy dk feJ.k djus dk y{;
fuèkkZfjr fd;k gSA bFksukWy dh dher t~;knk j•us vkSj bFksukWy •jhn çfØ;k dks vklku cukus ds reke ljdkjh
ç;klksa ds ckotwn 2017&18 ds nkSjku 150 djksM+ yhVj bFksukWy dh •jhn gh çkIr dh tk ldh tks fd ns'kHkj esa
isVªksy esa bFksukWy ds ek=k 4-22 çfr'kr feJ.k ds fy;s i;kZIr gSA
zzblh otg ls isVªksfy;e vkSj çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; }kjk ck;ksekl vkSj vU; dpjksa ls nwljh ih<+h dk bFksukWy çkIr
djus dh laHkkouk,¡ ryk'kh tk jgh gSaA blls bFksukWy fefJr isVªksy dk;ZØe ds rgr thok'e isVªksy dh deh dks
iwjk fd;k tk ldsxkA
zzçèkkuea=kh th&ou ;kstuk dk eq[; mís'; ns'k esa nwljh ih<+h dh bFksukWy {kerk fodflr djus vkSj bl {ks=k esa u,
fuos'k vkdf"kZr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA
vVy Hkwty ;kstuk

zz25 fnlacj] 2019 dks çèkkuea=kh }kjk fuEu Hkwfe ty Lrj okys {ks=kksa esa Hkwty laj{k.k ds fy;s ^vVy Hkwty ;kstuk*
çkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk dqy ifjO‍;; 6000 djksM+ #i, gS rFkk ;g ik¡p o"kks± dh vofèk (2020&21 ls 2024&25) ds fy;s
ykxw dh tk,xhA
zz6000 djksM+ #i, ds dqy ifjO‍;; esa 50 çfr'kr fo'‍o cSad ½.k ds :i esa gksxk] ftldk Hkqxrku dsaæ ljdkj djsxhA
zzcdk;k 50 çfr'kr fu;fer ctVh; lgk;rk ls dsaæh; lgk;rk ds :i esa miyCèk djk;k tk,xkA jkT‍;ksa dks fo'‍o
cSad dk laiw.kZ ½.k vkSj dsaæh; lgk;rk vuqnku ds :i esa miyCèk djkbZ tk,xhA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mís'‍; fpfUgr çkFkfedrk okys 7 jkT‍;ksa& xqtjkr] gfj;k.k] dukZVd] eè‍; çns'k] egkjk"‍Vª] jktL‍Fkku
vkSj mR‍rj çns'k esa tuHkkxhnkjh ds ekè‍;e ls Hkw&ty çcaèku esa lqèkkj ykuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds dk;kZU‍o;u ls bu jkT‍;ksa ds 78 ftyksa esa yxHkx 8350 xzke iapk;rksa dks ykHk feyus dh mE‍ehn gSA
zz;g ;kstuk ekax i{k çcaèku ij çkFkfed :i ls è‍;ku nsrs gq, xzke iapk;rksa esa Hkw&ty çcaèku rFkk O‍;ogk;Z ifjorZu
dks c<+kok nsxhA
çHkko
zzL‍Fkkuh; leqnk;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ls ifj;kstuk {ks=k esa ty thou fe'ku ds fy;s lalkèkuksa dh fujarjrkA
zzfdlkuksa dh vk; nksxquh djus ds y{‍; esa ;ksxnku feysxkA
zzHkkxhnkjh Hkw&ty çcaèku dks c<+kok feysxkA
zzcM+s iSekus ij ifj"‍Ñr ty mi;ksx fuiq.krk vkSj mU‍ur iQly i¼fr dks c<+kokA
zzHkw&ty lalkèkuksa ds fuiq.k vkSj leku mi;ksx rFkk leqnk; L‍rj ij O‍;ogk;Z ifjorZu dks c<+kokA
fu{k; iks"k.k ;kstuk

zzbl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr vizSy 2018 esa Vhch jksfx;ksa dks iks"k.k lacaèkh lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy;s dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
485
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz;g ,d izR;{k ykHk gLrkarj.k ;kstuk gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr Vhch jksfx;ksa dks mipkj dh iwjh vofèk ds fy;s
izfrekg 500 #i, feyrs gSaA
zzvizSy 2018 ls ekpZ 2019 rd 15 yk[k ls vfèkd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks bl ;kstuk ds rgr ykHk izkIr gqvk gSA
çèkkuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk

zz23 flrcaj] 2018 dks jkaph] >kj•aM esa fo'o dh lcls cM+h LokLF; chek ;kstuk] çèkkuea=kh tu vkjksX; ;kstuk
dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
zzblesa dSalj vkSj ân; jksx tSlh xaHkhj chekfj;ksa lfgr 1300 chekfj;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA futh vLirky Hkh
bl ;kstuk dk fgLlk gksaxsA
zzns'k Hkj esa 10-74 djksM+ ls vfèkd xjhc vkSj detksj ifjokjksa (yxHkx 50 djksM+ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa) dks blesa 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gSA xkSjryc gS fd mÙkj çns'k ds 1 djksM+ 18 yk• ifjokjksa dks bl ;kstuk ds nk;js esa yk;k x;k gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr çR;sd ifjokj dks gj o"kZ 5 yk• #i, dk LokLF; chek çnku fd;k tk,xkA
zz5 yk• #i, dh jkf'k esa lHkh çdkj dh tk¡p] nok] vLirky esa HkrhZ dk •pZ vkfn Hkh 'kkfey gksaxsA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr cfPp;ksa] efgykvksa vkSj ofj"B ukxfjdksa dh çkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA
zz;g ;kstuk 1]350 fpfdRlk iSdst dks doj djrh gS ftlesa ltZjh] fpfdRlk ,oa ns•Hkky] nokb;k¡ vkSj funku dh
ykxr vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr iqjkuh vkSj ubZ lHkh chekfj;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zz;g ;kstuk isijysl rFkk dS'kysl gksxhA
zzmipkj ds fy;s vLirky ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ls vfrfjDr iSlk ugha olwy dj ik,axsA
zzbl ;kstuk ds ykHkkFkhZ Hkkjr Hkj esa dgh Hkh lsokvksa dk ykHk mBk ldrs gSA
zzlkekftd&vkfFkZd tkfr tux.kuk (Socio-Economic and Caste Census-SECC) MsVkcsl esa lwphc¼ lHkh ifjokjksa
dks ifjHkkf"kr ekunaMksa ds vuqlkj bl ;kstuk ds varxZr doj fd;k tk,xkA ifjokj ds vkdkj vkSj lnL;ksa dh mez
dh dksbZ lhek fuf'pr ugha dh xbZ gSA
SECC ds vuqlkj ;kstuk ds ykHkkFkhZ
zzxzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fofHkU‍u Jsf.k;ksa esa ,sls ifjokj 'kkfey gSa ftuds ikl dP‍ph nhokj vkSj dP‍ph Nr ds lkFk ,d dejk gSA
zz,sls ifjokj ftuesa 16 ls 59 o"kZ dh vk;q ds chp dk dksbZ o;Ld lnL‍; ugha gSA
zz,sls ifjokj ftldh eqf•;k efgyk gS vkSj ftlesa 16 ls 59 o"kZ vk;q ds chp dk dksbZ o;Ld lnL‍; ugha gSA
zz,slk ifjokj ftlesa dksbZ lnL; fnO‍;kax gS vkSj ml ifjokj esa 'kkjhfjd :i ls l{ke dksbZ o;Ld lnL‍; ugha gSA
zzvuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ifjokj] ekuoh; vkdfLed etwnjh ls vk; dk cM+k fgL‍lk dekus okys Hkwfeghu
ifjokj gSaA
zzxzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ,sls ifjokj L‍or% 'kkfey ekus x, gSa ftuds jgus ds fy;s Nr ugha gS] tks fujkfJr] •Sjkr ij
thou&;kiu djus okys] eSyk <ksus okys ifjokj] vkfne tutkfr lewg] dkuwuh :i ls eqD‍r fd;s x, caèkqvk etnwj gSaA
zzrsyaxkuk] vksfM'kk] fnYyh] dsjy rFkk iatkc us bl ;kstuk dks ykxw u djus dk fodYi pquk gSA
zzykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk futh MkVk jgsxk lqjf{kr
zzL‍okL‍F‍; chek ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds futh MkVk vkSj laosnu'khy O‍;fDrxr lwpukvksa dks iwjh rjg lqjf{kr j•us dh O‍;oL‍Fkk
dh xbZ gS vkSj budk bL‍rseky fuèkkZfjr dkuwuh O‍;oL‍Fkkvksa rFkk fu;eksa ds vuqdwy fd;k tk,xkA
zzykHkkfFkZ;ksa ls lacafèkr lwpukvksa dks lqjf{kr j•us ds fy;s varjkZ"‍Vªh; L‍rj ij çpfyr csgrj rjhdksa dks viuk;k tk
jgk gSA
486
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
çèkkuea=kh xjhc dY;k.k ;kstuk
zzfdlkuksa dks ykHk% ljdkj dh ?kks"k.kk ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2020&21 esa ns; 2]000 #i, dh igyh fdLr vçSy 2020
esa gh îh,e fdlku ;kstuk* ds rgr •krs esa Mky nh tk,xhA blds rgr 7 djksM+ fdlkuksa dks doj fd;k tk,xkA
zzxjhc efgykvksa dks ykHk% dqy 40 djksM+ #i, çèkkuea=kh tu èku ;kstuk dh efgyk •krkèkkjdksa dks vkxkeh rhu
eghuksa ds nkSjku çfr ekg 500 #i, dh vuqxzg jkf'k nh tk,xhA
zzxSl flysaMj% ih,e xjhc dY;k.k ;kstuk ds rgr vkxkeh 3 eghuksa esa 8 djksM+ xjhc ifjokjksa dks xSl flysaMj eqÝr
esa fn;s tk,axsA
zzofj"B ukxfjdksa] foèkokvksa vkSj fnO;kaxtuksa ds fy;s% ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ ?kks"k.kk ds vuqlkj] ljdkj vxys 3 eghuksa
ds nkSjku Hkkjr ds yxHkx 3 djksM+ o`¼] foèkokvksa vkSj fnO;kax Js.kh ds yksxksa dks 1]000 #i, çnku djsxhA
zzeujsxk% îh,e xjhc dY;k.k ;kstuk* ds rgr 1 vçSy] 2020 ls eujsxk etnwjh esa 20 #i, dh c<+ksrjh dh tk,xhA
eujsxk ds rgr etnwjh c<+us ls çR‍;sd Jfed dks çfro"kZ 2]000 #i, dk vfrfjDr ykHk gksxkA blds rgr yxHkx
62 djksM+ ifjokj ykHkkfUor gksaxsA
zzLo;a lgk;rk lewg (SHG)% jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku ds rgr efgyk Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds fy;s tekur
(Collateral) eqDr ½.k nsus dh lhek 10 yk• #i, ls c<+kdj 20 yk• #i, dh tk,xhA
vU; lacafèkr ?kks"k.kk,¡

zzdeZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk fu;euksa esa la'kksèku dj êgkekjh* dks Hkh mu dkj.kksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,xk ftls è‍;ku
esa j•rs gq, deZpkfj;ksa dks vius •krksa ls dqy jkf'k ds 75 çfr'kr dk xSj&okilh ;ksX; vfxze ;k rhu ekg dk
ikfjJfed] buesa ls tks Hkh de gks] çkI‍r djus dh vuqefr nh tk,xhA EPF ds rgr iathÑr pkj djksM+ dkexkjksa
ds ifjokj bl lqfoèkk dk ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA
zzjkT; ljdkjksa dks ns'k ds Hkou ,oa vU; fuekZ.k Jfedksa dh lgk;rk gsrq ^Hkou ,oa vU; fuekZ.k dks"k* dk mi;ksx
djus ds fy;s funZs'k fn;s tk,axs Jfedksa dks vkfFkZd eqf'dyksa ls cpkus ds fy;s vko';d lgk;rk vkSj lg;ksx çnku
fd;k tk ldsA ^Hkou ,oa vU; fuekZ.k dks"k* dsaæ ljdkj ds vfèkfu;e ds rgr cuk;k tkrk gSA è;krO; gS fd bl
dks"k esa yxHkx 3-5 djksM+ iathÑr Jfed gSaA
ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ ?kks"k.kkvksa dk çHkko
zzdksjksuk ok;jl (COVID-19) ds çlkj dks jksdus ds fy;s ykxw fd;s x, 21 fnolh; ykWdMkmu }kjk ns'k ds
laosnu'khy oxZ ds fy;s mRiUu ladV dks de djus dh fn'kk esa ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr mDr mik;ksa dks ,d csgrj
dne ds :i esa ns•k tk jgk gSA
zzfo'ks"kKksa us ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr bu mik;ksa dks ,d lgk;rk jkf'k ls vfèkd vke tu ekul dks ykHk igq¡pkus ds ,d
vfHkuo rjhds ds :i esa ns•k gSA
zzmu mik;ksa esa fdlkuksa] efgykvksa vkSj tu èku •krk èkkjdksa ls ysdj laxfBr {ks=k ds etnwjksa rd ns'k ds rdjhcu
lHkh oxks± dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zzNksVs m|eksa ds fy;s çksfoMsaV iQaM (Provident Fund) esa fu;ksDrk vkSj deZpkjh nksuksa ds ;ksxnku dk Hkqxrku djus dk
çLrko Lokxr ;ksX; gS vkSj ;g •kldj mu O;olk;ksa dks jkgr çnku djsxk tks ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k vius mRiknu
can djus dks etcwj gks x, gSaA
zzvke yksxksa dks jkgr çnku djus ds ljdkj ds ;s ç;kl çFke n`"V;k ;FkklaHko ?kkVs dks fu;af=kr djus ds mik; ds
:i esa çrhr gksrs gSa] tks fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh n`f"V ls mi;qDr gSaA
zzmnkgj.k ds fy;s îh,e fdlku ;kstuk* ds rgr gksus okyk gLrkarj.k igys ls gh ctV esa 'kkfey gS vkSj eujsxk
etnwjh esa gks jgh c<+ksrjh dks Hkh ctV esa lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
487
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzlkoZtfud forj.k ç.kkyh (PDS) ds ekè;e ls vkiwfrZ fd;s tkus okys •k|kUuksa dh ek=kk esa c<+ksrjh dh ?kks"k.kk Hkh
,d csgrjhu mik; gSA
zzvuqeku ds vuqlkj] ik¡p o;Ld lnL;ksa okys ,d lkekU; xjhc ifjokj esa çR;sd eghus 50&55 fdyksxzke vukt
vkSj 4&5 fdyksxzke nky dk lsou gksrk gSA
çèkkuea=kh LokfeRo ;kstuk

zzHkkjrh; çèkkuea=kh us 24 vçSy] 2020 dks îapk;rh jkt fnol* ds volj ij ohfM;ks dkWUÚsaflax* ds ekè;e ls
ns'kHkj dh xzke&iapk;rksa dks lacksfèkr fd;k gSA bl nkSjku mUgksaus ns'k dh xzke&iapk;rksa vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa jg jgs
yksxksa dks vkRefuHkZj cukus ds mís'; ls ^LokfeÙo ;kstuk* dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr uohure loZs{k.k i¼fr;ksa ds ekè;e ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dh fjgk;'kh bekjrksa] edku vkfn dk
ys•k&tks•k rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA bl ;kstuk dk mís'; xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa laifÙk dk fjdkWMZ (Property Rights) cukuk
vkSj mldk ekfydkuk gd r; djuk gSA
zz24 vçSy] 1993 dks Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds 73osa la'kksèku ds çHkko esa vkus ds ckn Hkkjr esa ,d f=k&Lrjh; iapk;rh
jkt O;oLFkk dks vkèkkj çnku fd;k x;kA blhfy, gj o"kZ 24 vçSy ds fnu dks ns'k esa îapk;rh jkt fnol* ds
:i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
zz;g ;kstuk iapk;rh jkt ea=kky; (Ministry of Panchayati Raj)] jkT;ksa ds iapk;rh jkt foHkkx (Panchayati Raj
Department)] jkT; jktLo foHkkx vkSj Hkkjrh; loZs{k.k foHkkx (Survey of India) ds lg;ksx ls pykbZ tk,xhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr Mªksu (Drone) vkSj vU; uohure rduhdksa dh lgk;rk ls fjgkb'kh Hkwfe dk lhekadu dj
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ,dhÑr laifÙk lR;kiu (Integrated Property Validation) dh ,d O;oLFkk LFkkfir dh tk,xhA
zzblds rgr xk¡o dh lhek ds Hkhrj vkus okyh çR;sd laifÙk dk fMftVy :i uD'kk cuk;k tk,xk vkSj çR;sd jktLo
•aM dh lhek dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k tk,xkA
;kstuk fØ;kUo;u dh çfØ;k
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr lcls igys oU; {ks=k o Ñf"k Hkwfe ls vkcknh ds bykds dks vyx djrs gq, vkcknh okys {ks=k
uD'ks@ekufp=k ij fpfÉr fd;k tk,xkA
zzblds ckn bl lhek ds vanj lHkh laifÙk;ksa dks muds ekfydksa dh igpku ds lkFk fpfÉr fd;k tk,xkA
zzbl çfØ;k esa iapk;rksa vkSj LFkkuh; ç'kklu dh lfØ; Hkwfedk cgqr gh egÙoiw.kZ gSA
zzbl çfØ;k ds nkSjku dj foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk vkfèkdkfjd fookn fuLrkj.k çfØ;k ds ekè;e ls LFkkuh;
fooknksa dk fuiVkjk fd;k tk,xkA
zzlkFk gh dj foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds lg;ksx ls rduhdh pqukSfr;ksa (Mªksu ls lgh rLohj u vkuk vkfn) ;k iqjkus
fooknksa tSls eqíksa dk lekèkku fd;k tk,xkA
zzbl çfØ;k ds mijkar rS;kj fd;s x, ekfydkuk çek.k i=k (VkbfVy MhM) dks laifÙk ekfydksa dks fn;k tk ldsxkA
zzbl ;kstuk dks igys pj.k esa çk;ksfxd (ik;yV) :i esa ns'k ds 6 jkT;ksa (mÙkj çns'k] gfj;k.kk] dukZVd] eè;çns'k]
mÙkjk•aM vkSj egkjk"Vª) ds yxHkx 1 yk• xk¡oksa esa ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
LokfeÙo ;kstuk ds ykHk
zzbl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls xkoksa vkSj xzke iapk;rksa dks vkRefuHkZj cukus ds ç;klksa dks vkèkkj çnku djus esa lgk;rk
çkIr gksxhA
zzlaifÙk dj ds ekè;e ls xzke iapk;rksa dks vkenuh ds ,d LFkk;h lzksr vkSj LFkkuh; O;oLFkk ds fy;s vfrfjDr
lalkèku dk çcaèk fd;k tk ldsxkA
488
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz,dhÑr laifÙk lR;kiu O;oLFkk ds ekè;e ls laifÙk ls tqM+s fooknksa dks lqy>kus esa enn feysxhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr çkIr vkfèkdkfjd çek.k i=k ds ekè;e ls laifÙk ekfyd viuh laifÙk ij cSad ½.k vkSj laifÙk
ls tqM+h vU; ;kstukvksa dk ykHk mBk ldsaxsA
zzorZeku esa xzkeh.k {ks=k esa Ñf"k Hkwfe ij cus edkuksa vkSj tksr ds okLrfod vkdkj ds lanHkZ esa miyCèk vkadM+ksa
esa Li"Vrk dh Hkkjh deh gS] bl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls Ñf"k tksr ds vkdkj ls tqM+s vk¡dM+ksa dks etcwr cukus esa
lgk;rk feysxhA
zzxzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa laifÙk ds vkadM+ksa ds csgrj çcaèku ls Hkfo"; esa xzkeh.k fodkl dh ;kstukvksa ds fuèkkZj.k vkSj muds
fØ;kUo;u esa lgk;rk çkIr gksxhA
zzçèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk dh gh rjg bl ;kstuk esa Hkh laifÙk ds iathdj.k ds nkSjku efgykvksa dks laifÙk ds ekfydkuk
vfèkdkj esa çkFkfedrk nsus ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gS] gkyk¡fd vHkh rd bl ij vafre fu.kZ; ugha fy;k x;k gSA
LokfeÙo iathdj.k
zzdsaæ ljdkj }kjk vHkh rd bl ;kstuk ds varxZr vkfèkdkfjd çek.k i=k esa laifÙk ds iathdj.k ds lacaèk esa cgqr
vfèkd tkudkjh ugha nh xbZ gS] tSls& LokfeÙo iathdj.k dh çÑfr D;k gksxh (mnkgj.k& •srh] 'kgjh edku dk
iathdj.k vkfn)A lkFk gh bl ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u esa jkT; ljdkjksa dh Hkwfedk cgqr gh egÙoiw.kZ gksxh] D;ksafd
^Hkwfe* jkT; dk fo"k; gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr vkadM+ksa dks vkWuykbu viyksM djus vkSj mudh tk¡p djus esa leL;k,¡ vk ldrh gSaA
zzdsaæ ljdkj ds vuqlkj orZeku esa Hkkjr usV ;kstuk ds varxZr ns'k dh yxHkx 1-5 yk• iapk;rksa rd ^vkWfIVdy
iQkbcj dscy* igq¡pk;k tk pqdk] lkFk gh ljdkj }kjk ch,l,u,y czkWMcSaM ds ekè;e ns'k ds vfèkdre xzke iapk;rksa
rd baVjusV lqfoèkk igq¡pkus dk ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA
vkjksX; lsrq ,i
zzdsaæ ljdkj us COVID-19 ds ekeyksa dks VªSd djus gsrq ^vkjksX; lsrq* (Aarogya Setu) uked ,d ,i ykWUp fd;k gSA
zzvkjksX; lsrq ,i dks lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh (Public-Private Partnership) ds tfj;s rS;kj ,oa xwxy Iys LVksj
ij ykWUp fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl ,i dk eq[; mís'; COVID-19 ls laØfer O;fDr;ksa ,oa mik;ksa ls lacafèkr tkudkjh miyCèk djkuk gksxkA
zz;g ,i 11 Hkk"kkvksa esa miyCèk gS vkSj lkFk gh blesa ns'k ds lHkh jkT;ksa ds gsYiykbu uacjksa dh lwph Hkh nh xbZ gSA
fo'ks"krk,¡%
zzfdlh O;fDr esa dksjksukok;jl ds tksf•e dk vanktk mudh ckrphr ds vkèkkj ij djus gsrq vkjksX; lsrq ,si }kjk
CywVwFk rduhd] ,Yxksfjne (Algorithm)] vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal (AI) dk ç;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
zz,d ckj LekVZiQksu esa bULVkWy gksus ds ckn ;g ,i utnhd ds fdlh iQksu esa vkjksX; lsrq ds bULVkWy gksus dh igpku
dj ldrk gSA
zz;g ,i dqN ekinaMksa ds vkèkkj ij laØe.k ds tksf•e dk vkdyu dj ldrk gSA
,i dh dk;Zç.kkyh
zzvxj dksbZ O;fDr COVID-19 ldkjkRed O;fDr ds laidZ esa vkrk gS] rks ,i funZs'k Hkstus ds lkFk gh [;ky j•us
ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh çnku djsxkA
zzbysDVªkWfudh vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; ds vuqlkj] ,i vius mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa ds ^vU; yksxksa ds lkFk laidZ* dks
VªSd djsxk vkSj fdlh mi;ksxdÙkkZ dks fdlh laØfer O;fDr ds laidZ esa gksus ds lansg dh fLFkfr esa vfèkdkfj;ksa dks
lrdZ djsxkA buesa ls fdlh Hkh laidZ dk ijh{k.k ldkjkRed gksus dh fLFkfr esa ;g ,fIyds'ku ifj"Ñr ekinaMksa ds
vkèkkj ij laØe.k ds tksf•e dh x.kuk dj ldrk gSA
489
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
ykHk
;g ,i ljdkj dks COVID-19 ds laØe.k ds çlkj ds tksf•e dk vkdyu djus vkSj vko';drk iM+us ij
yksxksa dks vyx j•us esa enn djsxkA
futrk lacaèkh fpark,¡
zzbl ,i dks ysdj dbZ fo'ks"kKksa us futrk lacaèkh fpark tkfgj dh gSA gkyk¡fd dsaæ ljdkj ds vuqlkj] fdlh O;fDr
dh xksiuh;rk lqfuf'pr djus gsrq yksxksa dk MsVk muds iQksu esa yksdy LVksjst esa gh lqjf{kr j•k tk,xk rFkk bldk
ç;ksx rHkh gksxk tc mi;ksxdÙkkZ fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds laidZ esa vk,xk ftldh COVID-19 dh tk¡p ikWftfVo@
ldkjkRed jgh gksA
zzftl rjg vkèkkj uacj ,d lfoZykal flLVe cu x;k gS vkSj mls gj pht ls tksM+k tk jgk gS oSls gh dksjksuk ok;jl
ls tqM+s ,fIyds'ku esa yksxksa dk MsVk fy;k tk jgk gS ftlesa mudk LokLF; lacaèkh MsVk vkSj futh tkudkfj;k¡ Hkh
'kkfey gSaA vHkh ;g lqfuf'pr ugha gS fd ljdkj fdl çdkj vkSj dc rd bl MsVk dk mi;ksx djsxhA
vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr vfHk;ku 2020

zzebZ 2020 esa Hkkjrh; izèkkuea=kh }kjk dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds nkSjku ns'k dks lacksfèkr djrs gq, &vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr
vfHk;ku* dh ppkZ dh xbZ vkSj vkfFkZd izksRlkgu iSdst dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA
zzorZeku oS'ohdj.k ;qx esa vkRefuHkZjrk dh ifjHkk"kk esa cnyko vk;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk] vkRe dsafnzr ls vyx gSA
zz^vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr* ds fuekZ.k esa oS'ohdj.k dk cfg"dj.k ugha gksxk cfYd nqfu;k ds fodkl esa enn feysxhA
zz;g fe'ku nks pj.kksa esa ykxw fd;k tk;sxkA
zzizFke pj.k esa fpfdRlk] oL=k] bysDVªkWfuDl IykfLVd] f[kykSus tSls {ks=k dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxk rkfd LFkkuh;
fofuekZ.k vkSj fu;kZr dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA
zznwljs pj.k esa jRu ,oa vkHkw"k.k] iQkekZ] LVhy tSls {ks=kksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA
zzvkRefuHkZjrk Hkkjr ik¡p LraHkksa vFkZO;oLFkk] volajpuk] izks|ksfxdh] xfr'khy tulkaf[;dh vkSj ekax ij vkèkkfjr gksxkA
zzvkRefuHkZjrk Hkkjr ds fy;s iwoZ ?kks"k.kkvksa rFkk RBI }kjk fy;s x, fu.kZ;ksa dks feykdj 20 yk[k djksM+ #i, dk
iSdst tkjh fd;k x;k tks Hkkjr dh GDP dk yxHkx 10% gSA iSdst esa Hkwfe Je] rjyrk vkSj dkuwuksa ij è;ku
dsafnzr fd;k tk;sxkA
ih,e&ds;lZ iQaM
ljdkj us COVID-19 egkekjh }kjk mRiUu fdlh Hkh çdkj dh vkikrdkyhu ;k ladViw.kZ fLFkfr ls fuiVus gsrq
^vkikr fLFkfr;ksa esa çèkkuea=kh ukxfjd lgk;rk vkSj jkgr dks"k (Prime Minister's Citizen Assistance and Relief in
Emergency Situations Fund)* dh LFkkiuk dh gSA
dks"k ds ckjs esa

zzPM-CARES Fund ,d lkoZtfud èkekZFkZ VªLV (Public Charitable Trust) gS ftlds vè;{k çèkkuea=kh gSA vU;
lnL;ksa ds :i esa j{kk ea=kh] x`g ea=kh vkSj foÙk ea=kh 'kkfey gSaA
zzdks"k esa jkf'k dh lhek fuèkkZfjr ugh dh xbZ gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i cM+h la[;k esa yksx ;ksxnku djus esa l{ke gksaxsA
zzdks"k vkink çcaèku {kerkvksa dks etcwr ,oa ukxfjdksa dh lqj{kk gsrq vuqlaèkku dks çksRlkfgr djsxkA
dkWikZsjsV lks'ky fjLikalfcfyVh ds rgr ;ksxnku

zzdkWikZsjsV dk;Z ea=kky; (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) us Li"V fd;k gS fd PM-CARES Fund esa CSR ds rgr
daifu;ksa dks ;ksxnku nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
490
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzdaiuh vfèkfu;e] 2013 ds rgr] CSR dk çkoèkku mu daifu;ksa ij ykxw gksrk gS] ftudk dqy ewY; (Net Worth)
500 djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd gks ;k dqy dkjksckj (Turnover) 1000 #i, djksM+ ls vfèkd gks ;k 'kq¼ ykHk (Net
Profit) 5 djksM+ #i, ls vfèkd gksA
zzCSR ds rgr mijksDr daifu;ksa dks vius fiNys rhu o"kks± ds 'kq¼ ykHkksa ds vkSlr dk 2» ;ksxnku djuk vko';d gSA
çèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k ds ckjs esa%

zzikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir yksxksa dh enn djus ds fy;s tuojh] 1948 esa rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh iafMr tokgjyky usg:
dh vihy ij turk ds va'knku ls çèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA
zzçèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k dh èkujkf'k dk bLrseky vc çeq•r;k ck<+] pØokr vkSj Hkwdai vkfn tSlh çkÑfrd
vkinkvksa esa ekjs x, yksxksa ds ifjtuksa rFkk cM+h nq?kZVukvksa ,oa naxksa ds ihfM+rksa dks rRdky jkgr igq¡pkus ds fy;s
fd;k tkrk gSA
zzblds vykok] ân; 'kY;&fpfdRlk] xqnkZ çR;kjksi.k] dSalj vkfn ds mipkj ds fy;s Hkh bl dks"k ls lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA
zz;g dks"k dsoy turk ds va'knku ls cuk gS vkSj bls dksbZ Hkh ctVh; lgk;rk ugha feyrh gSA lexz fufèk dks
vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa rFkk vU; laLFkkvksa esa fofHkUu :iksa esa fuos'k fd;k tkrk gSA
zzdks"k ls èkujkf'k çèkkuea=kh ds vuqeksnu ls forfjr dh tkrh gSA çèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k dk xBu laln }kjk
ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl dks"k dh fufèk dks vk;dj vfèkfu;e ds rgr ,d VªLV ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gS vkSj bldk
çcaèku çèkkuea=kh vFkok fofoèk ukfer vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk jk"Vªh; ç;kstuksa ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
zzçèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k dks vk;dj vfèkfu;e 1961 dh èkkjk 10 vkSj 139 ds rgr vk;dj fjVuZ Hkjus ls
NwV çkIr gSA
zzçèkkuea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k ds vè;{k gksrs gSa vkSj vfèkdkjh@deZpkjh voSrfud vkèkkj ij blds lapkyu esa mudh
lgk;rk djrs gSaA
zzçèkku ea=kh jk"Vªh; jkgr dks"k esa fd;s x;s va'knku dks vk;dj vfèkfu;e] 1961 dh èkkjk 80 (N) ds rgr dj
;ksX; vk; ls iwjh rjg NwV gsrq vfèklwfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
ladYi ;kstuk
zzHkkjr ljdkj us fo'o cSad ds lg;ksx ls ladYi (SANKALP-Skills Acquistion and Knowledge Awareness
for Livelihood Promotion) ;kstuk dks eatwjh nhA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; efgykvksa] v- tkfr@vttk vkSj fnO;kaxksa lfgr gkf'k;s ij thou th jgs leqnk;ksa dks cM+s
iSekus ij n{krk izf'k{k.k dk volj iznku djuk gSA
zz4455 djksM+ #i, dh dsanz izk;ksftr ;kstuk ladYi esa fo'o cSad }kjk 3,300 djksM+ #i, dh Í.k lgk;rk 'kkfey gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds csgrj fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s dkS'ky fodkl vkSj m|ferk ea=kky; }kjk dbZ dne mBk, tk jgs gS&
jkT;ksa dks vuqnku nsuk] ftyks (117 vkdka{kh ftyksa) dks vuqnku nsuk 'kkfey gSA
Js&;l ;kstuk
zzekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; (Ministery of Human Resources Development) us mPp f'k{kk çkIr ;qokvksa
ds çf'k{k.k ,oa dkS'ky fodkl ds fy;s Js;l (Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and
Skills–SHREYAS) dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr dhA bl ;kstuk ls ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj çkIr djus vkSj ns'k dh çxfr esa
;ksxnku djus esa lgk;rk feysxhA
zzekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; }kjk jk"Vªh; f'k{kqrk çksRlkgu ;kstuk (National Apprenticeship Promotional Scheme-
NAPS) ds ekè;e ls vkus okys l=k ds lkekU; Lukrdksa dks m|ksx f'k{kqrk volj çnku djus ds fy;s mPp f'k{kk
ds ;qokvksa ds fy;s çf'k{k.k vkSj dkS'ky (SHREYAS) dh ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ gSA
491
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzorZeku le; esa dkS'ky ds lkFk f'k{kk le; dh vko';drk gSA SHREYAS dk;ZØe bl fn'kk esa ,d cM+k ç;kl gksxkA
zzns'k ds fMxzhèkkjh Nk=kksa dks vFkZO;oLFkk dh t:jrksa ds fy;s vfèkd dq'ky] l{ke] jkstxkjijd vkSj laxfBr fd;s tkus
dh vko';drk gS rkfd os ns'k dh çxfr esa vfèkdre ;ksxnku dj ldsa vkSj ykHkdkjh jkstxkj Hkh çkIr dj ldsaA
zzSHREYAS dk;ZØe esa rhu dsaæh; ea=kky;ksa dh igy 'kkfey gS& ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky;] dkS'ky fodkl
vkSj m|ferk ea=kky; vkSj Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky;A lkFk gh bl dk;ZØe esa lHkh jkT;ksa ls lg;ksx dh Hkh vis{kk
dh xbZ gSA
zzbl nkSjku ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; vkSj dkS'ky fodkl ds fy;s foKku vkSj m|ferk ds {ks=k esa 7 vU;
vijsafVlf'ki ikBÔØe dks BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration) vkSj BVoc (Bachelor of Vocation)
ikBÔØe ds lkFk layXu fd;k x;k gSA
zz6 {ks=kh; dkS'ky ifj"knksa – lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh (IT)] fjVsy (Retail)] ykWftfLVDl (Logistics)] Vwfjt~e (Tourism)]
BFSI (Banking, Financial Services and Insurance)] iQwM çkslsflax (Food Processing) us dkS'ky fodkl ds
{ks=k esa c<+r cuk yh gSA
zzorZeku esa py jgs vfèkdrj ikBÔØeksa esa gsYFkds;j (Healthcare)] bysDVªkWfuDl (Electronics) vkSj ehfM;k {ks=k
(Media Sectors) 'kkfey gSaA
mís';
zzmPp f'k{kk ç.kkyh lh•us dh çfØ;k ds nkSjku Nk=kksa esa jkstxkj çklafxdrk dh 'kq#vkr dj mudh {kerk esa
lqèkkj djukA
LFkk;h rkSj ij f'k{kk vkSj m|ksx@lsok {ks=kksa ds chp ldkjkRed dk;Z djukA
Nk=kksa dks le; dh ekax ds vuqlkj çxfr'khy rjhds ls dkS'ky çnku djukA
mPp f'k{kk ds nkSjku lh•us ds lkFk vk; vtZu lqfuf'pr djukA
vPNh xq.koÙkk okyh tu'kfDr lqfuf'pr djds O;kikj@m|ksx {ks=k esa lg;ksx djukA
ljdkj ds ç;klksa dks lqfoèkktud cukus ds lkFk gh Nk=k leqnk; dks jkstxkj ls tksM+ukA
vFkZxaxk ifj;kstuk
zztgktjkuh ea=kky; (Ministry Of Shipping) ds vuqlkj] vFkZ&xaxk ifj;kstuk (Arth&Ganga Project) ls xaxk unh
ds fdukjs vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa esa c<+ksrjh gksus ds lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj ds volj c<+saxsA
zzbl çfØ;k esa fdlkuksa dks fVdkÅ Ñf"k i¼fr;ksa dks viukus ds fy;s çksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk] ftlesa 'kwU; ctV •srh]
iQynkj o`{k yxkuk vkSj xaxk ds fdukjksa ij ikSèk ulZjh dk fuekZ.k djuk 'kkfey gSA
zzbu dk;ks± ds fy;s efgyk Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa vkSj iwoZ lSfud laxBuksa dks çkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA
zzty ls lacafèkr •syksa ds fy;s cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fodkl vkSj f'kfoj LFkyksa ds fuekZ.k] lkbfdfyax ,oa Vgyus ds
fy;s VªSdksa vkfn ds fodkl ls unh csflu {ks=kksa esa èkkfeZd rFkk lkgfld i;ZVu tSlh egÙoiw.kZ i;ZVu {kerk c<+kus
esa lgk;rk feysxhA
zzikfjfLFkfrd i;ZVu vkSj xaxk oU;tho laj{k.k ,oa Øwt i;ZVu vkfn dks çksRlkgu nsus ls vftZr vk; dks xaxk L‍oP‍Nrk
ds fy;s vk; dk LFkk;h lzksr cukus esa lgk;rk feysxhA
zzvarnZs'kh; tyekxks± dk fodkl "vFkZ&xaxk" ifj;kstuk ds lcls egRoiw.kZ LraHkksa esa ls ,d gSA
zztyekxks± ds fodkl dk ufn;ksa ds rVksa vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k nksuksa ij xgjk çHkko iM+rk gSA
zzu dsoy lekos'kh fodkl cfYd jk"Vªh; tyekxZ ls lacafèkr {ks=k esa jkstxkjksa ds l`tu esa Hkh budh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA

492
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzvFkZ&xaxkifj;kstuk fdlkuksa] NksVs O;kikfj;ksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa ds fy;s vkfFkZd vkSj lekos'kh fodkl dks c<+kok nsxhA
zzHkkjr yxHkx vkèkh vkcknh xaxk unh {ks=k ds vklikl vfèkokflr gSA tks fd Hkkjr ds lexz eky HkkM+s dk yxHkx
20» Hkkx çkfIr dk lzksr gS rFkk ,d&frgkbZ xarO; dk {ks=k gSA
ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dne vkSj mudh egÙkk%
zzjk"Vªh; tyekxZ&1 (cukjl ls gfYn;k rd ds 1400 fdehú {ks=k esa) ij fdlkuksa] O;kikfj;ksa vkSj vke turk ds
fy;s dbZ çdkj dh xfrfofèk;k¡] tSls& NksVs ?kkVksa (Jetties) vkfn dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA
zzifj.kkeLo:i blls fdlkuksa dks viuh mit ds fy;s csgrj ykHk feysxk D;ksafd eky dk ifjogu vklku vkSj
oguh; gksxkA
zzblds vykok blls bZt vkWiQ fyfoax (Ease of Living) esa o`f¼ vkSj O;kikj djus esa vklkuh (Ease of Doing
Business) gksxhA
zzHkkjrh; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k (Inland Waterways Authority of India& IWAI) eky@dkxkZs ds vklku vkSj
ykxr çHkkoh ifjogu ds fy;s NksVs&NksVs ?kkVksa (Jetties) vkSj 10 jks&jks tgktksa dks rSukr dj jgk gSA tSlk fd uhps
n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
zzblds vykok tgktjkuh ea=kky; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ ds lkFk rkyesy cukus ds mís'; ls okjk.klh (mÙkj çns'k)
ÚsV foyst vkSj lkfgcxat (>kj•aM) vkS|ksfxd DyLVj&lg&ykWftfLVDl ikdZ dks 200 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls
fodflr dj jgk gSA
zz;g fo'ks"k {ks=k esa vkfFkZd o`f¼ dks c<+kok nsrs gq, çR;{k vkSj vçR;{k jkstxkj iSnk djsxkA
jk"Vªh; i'kqjksx fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe

zzçèkkuea=khus i'kqvksa esa •qjidk&eqagidk jksx (Foot and mouth disease-FMD) vkSj lsyksfll (Brucellosis) ds
fu;a=k.k rFkk mUewyu gsrq jk"Vªh; i'kq jksx fu;a=k.k dk;ZØe (National Animal Disease Control Programme-
NADCP) dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA
zz;g dk;ZØe iw.kZr% dsaæ ljdkj }kjk çk;ksftr gS ,oa bldh dqy O;; jkf'k 12652 djksM+ #i, vkadh xbZ gSA
zz•qjidk&eqagidk jksx (Foot and mouth disease-FMD)% FMD xk;] HkSal vkSj gkFkh vkfn esa gksus okyk ,d
laØked jksx gSA ;g •kldj nwèk nsus okys tkuojksa ds fy;s vfèkd gkfudkjd gksrk gSA
zzjksx ds y{k.k% i'kqvksa ds thHk vkSj ryos ij Nkyksa dk gksuk tks ckn esa iQV dj ?kko esa cny tkrs gSaA
zzblds i'pkr~ tkuojksa ds nqXèk mRiknu esa Hkh yxHkx 80 çfr'kr rd dh fxjkoV vk tkrh gSA
zzC:lsyksfll (Brucellosis)% C:lsyksfll ,d thok.kq laØked jksx gS tks tkuojksa ds lkFk&lkFk balkuksa dks Hkh
çHkkfor djrk gSA C:lsyksfll vke rkSj ij rc iQSyrk gS tc yksx nwf"kr Hkkstu tSls& dPpk ekal vkSj vLokLF;dj
nwèk dk miHkksx djrs gSaA
NADCP ds mís';
zzbl dk;ZØe dk eq[; mís'; eosf'k;ksa dh lsgr esa lqèkkj dj fdlkuksa dks vfèkd&ls&vfèkd ykHk igq¡pkuk gSA
zzdk;ZØe dk ,d vU; mís'; FMD ls cpko gsrq 500 fefy;u ls vfèkd i'kqvksa] ftues HkSal] HksM+] cdjh vkSj
lwvj 'kkfey gSa] dk Vhdkdj.k djuk gSA
zzdk;ZØe esa C:lsyksfll chekjh dks fu;af=kr ,oa lekIr djus gsrq lkykuk 36 fefy;u eknk xkstkrh; cNM+ksa (Bovine
Calves) dk Vhdkdj.k djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
493
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
dk;ZØe ds y{;
zzo"kZ 2025 rd mijksDr jksxksa ij fu;a=k.k
zzo"kZ 2030 rd jksxksa dk mUewyu
zzmijksDr nksuksa gh jksxksa dk nwèk vkSj vU; i'kqèku mRiknksa ds O;kikj ij çR;{k udkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA
zz;fn dksbZ xk; ;k HkSal FMD ls laØfer gks tkrh gS] rks og nwèk nsuk yxHkx can dj ldrh gS vkSj ;g jksx 4 ls
6 eghus rd jg ldrk gSA blds çHkko ls fdlku dks dkiQh uqdlku gks ldrk gSA
zzdsaæ ljdkj dh bl dk;ZØe dks fdlkuksa dh vk; nksxquh djus ds y{; ds lkFk Hkh tksM+ dj ns•k tk jgk gSA
fujfod ;kstuk
zz;g ;kstuk] ,DliksVZ ØsfMV xkjaVh dkWjiksjs'ku vkWiQ bafM;k (bZlhthlh) }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; Í.k miyCèkrk c<+kuk vkSj Í.k nsus dh izfØ;k dks vklku cukuk gSA
zz;g ,d chek doj xkjaVh gS tks ewyèku vkSj C;kt dk 90% rd doj djsxkA doj esa izh vkSj iksLV&f'kiesaV
ØsfMV nksuksa 'kkfey gksaxsA
zzc<+k;k gqvk doj ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fd fu;kZrdksa ds fy;s fons'kh vkSj #i, fu;kZr dh C;kt nj Øe'k% 4%
vkSj 8% ls de gksxhA
bZ&laokn iksVZy
zzbZ&laokn iksVZy dsanzh; efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; ,oa ,uthvks vkSj flfoy lkslkbVh ds eè; laokn LFkkfir
djus ds mn~ns'; ls yk;k x;kA
zzbl iksVZy ds ekè;e ls ,uthvks vkSj flfoy lkslkbVh vius lq>ko] f'kdk;r vkSj izfrfØ;k ns ldrs gSaA bu lHkh
dk tokc nsus ds fy;s ea=kky; ds mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa dks bl iksVZy ls laca¼ fd;k x;k gS] tks efgykvksa ds thou
ls lacafèkr fofHkUu eqn~nksa ds lanHkZ esa gksxkA
izèkkuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk

zzbl ;kstuk dks 13 tuojh] 2016 dks ea”kwjh iznku dh xbZA
zz;g ;kstuk o"kZ 2016 osQ [kjhiQ l=k ls ykxw gSA
zzizkÑfrd vkink (pØokr] vksyko`f"V] ck<+] lw[kk] rwiQku bR;kfn)] dhVksa ,oa chekfj;ksa dk izdksi o ekSleh xfrfofèk;ksa
ds dkj.k izHkkfor iQly] cqvkbZ o dVkbZ ds i'pkr~ uqdlku dks bl Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA
zzfdlkuksa dks Ñf"k {ks=k esa uokpkj ,oa vkèkqfud i¼fr dks viukus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djuk bl dk;ZØe dk izeq[k
mn~ns'; gSA
zzfdlkuksa }kjk lHkh [kjhiQ iQlyksa ds fy;s dsoy 2% rFkk jch iQly ds fy;s 1.5% dk ,d leku izhfe;e dk
Hkqxrku fd;k tk,xkA okf.kfT;d vkSj ckxokuh iQlyksa ds fy;s izhfe;e 5% fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk 2018–19 ds ctV esa izLrqr ;kstuk ds fy;s 13000 djksM+ #i, dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA
Ñf"k Mkd izlkj lsok

zz;g dsanzh; Ñf"k ea=kky; }kjk fdlkuksa rd cht ig¡qpkus ds fy;s Hkkjrh; Mkd foHkkx }kjk lapkfyr lsok gS] ftlds
rgr fpfÉr fdlkuksa rd vkèkqfud izkS|ksfxdh rFkk mUUkr cht igq¡pk, tk jgs gSaA
494
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zz[ksrhdh mRikndrk vkSj fdlkuksa dh vk; c<+kus ds fy;s Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn }kjk rS;kj ;kstuk] ftldk
eq[; mn~ns'; gS fpfÉr xk¡oksa ds fdlkuksa rd vkèkqfud izkS|ksfxdh rFkk mUUkr chtksa dks Mkd ds ekè;e ls igq¡pkukA
zzorZeku esa ;g ;kstuk ns'k ds 14 jkT;ksa ds 100 f”kyksa esa 'kq: dh xbZ gSA bls Ñf"k foKku dsanzksa ,oa Mkd?kjksa ds
ekè;e ls lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA
lqdU;k le`f¼ [kkrk ;kstuk

zz22 tuojh 2015 esa dsanz ljdkj }kjk ^csVh cpkvks] csVh i<+kvks* dk;ZØe ds fgLls ds :i esa ^lqdU;k le`f¼ [kkrk
;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZA
zzblds varxZr ckfydk ds ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd }kjk ckfydk ds uke mlds tUe ysus ls 10 o"kZ rd dh vk;q izkIr
djus rd [kkrk [kksyk tk,xkA ;g [kkrk Mkd?kjksa ;k cSadksa esa ls fdlh esa Hkh [kksyk tk ldrk gSA
zz[kkrs esa ,d foÙk o"kZ esa U;wure ` 250 rFkk vfèkdre ` 1.5 yk[k #i, tek fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
zz[kkrk [kksyus dh rkjh[k ls 14 o"kZ iw.kZ gksus rd [kkrs esa jde tek dh tk ldsxhA
zz[kkrs ls tek jkf'k dh 50% rd dh jkf'k fudkyus dh vuqefr rc nh tk,xh] tc ckfydk 18 o"kZ dh gks tk,xhA
zz;fn ckfydk dk fookg 21 o"kZ dh vofèk iw.kZ gksus ls igys gksrk gS rks fookg dh rkjh[k ds i'pkr~ [kkrs ds pkyu
dh vuqefr ugha gksxhA [kkrk can gksus ds ckn vkgj.k iphZ }kjk tek jkf'k C;kt lfgr izkIr gksxhA
lkoZHkkSfed Lo.kZ ckW.M ;kstuk
zz9 flarcj] 2015 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us ^lkoZHkkSfed Lo.kZ ckW.M ;kstuk* dks ea”kwjh nhA
zzbl ;kstuk ls lksus dh ekax esa deh vk,xh vkSj izfro"kZ 300 Vu lksus dh NM+ vkSj fLkDdksa dh [kjhnkjh ds fy;s
fd;s tkus okys fuos'k dks Lo.kZ fuos'k ckW.M esa yxk;k tk ldsxkA
zzlksus dh dherksa esa cnyko lacaèkh tksf[ke dks Lo.kZ HkaMkj fufèk }kjk ogu fd;k tk,xkA blls ljdkj dks mèkkj
ykxr esa deh ykus dk ykHk gksxk] ftls Lo.kZ HkaMkj fufèk esa gLrkarfjr fd;k tk,xkA
zzHkkjr ljdkj dh rjiQ ls Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad ckW.M tkjh djsxkA
vVy ias'ku ;kstuk

zzbl ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk 1 twu] 2015 dks fd;k x;k FkkA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr chekèkkjd dks mlds ;ksxnku ds vkèkkj ij izfrekg `1,000 ls `5,000 fuèkkZfjr U;wure jkf'k
izkIr gksxhA
zzljdkj Hkh dqy jde dk 50% ;k ` 1,000 izfro"kZ tks Hkh de gksxk] ;ksX; chekèkkjd dks ik¡p Ok"kks± dh vofèk ds
fy;s iznku djsxhA
zzbl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gksus dh U;wure vk;q 18 o"kZ vkSj vfèkdre vk;q 40 o"kZ gSA
zzva'knkrk dh e`R;q dh fLFkfr esa mldh iRuh@ifr dks isa'ku izkIr gksxh rFkk ckn esa isa'ku fufèk ukfer O;fDr dks ykSVk
nh tk,xhA
zzbl ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u isa'ku iQaM jsX;wysVjh vkSj MsoyiesaV vFkkWfjVh dj jgk gSA
zzLokoyacu ;kstuk esa [kkrk [kqyok pqds yksxksa dks lhèks vVy isa'ku ;kstuk dk Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tk,xkA
zzvkosnd dh vk;q 60 o"kZ gksus ds ckn gh isa'ku dh 'kq#vkr gksxhA
fMftVy bafM;k
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1 tqykbZ] 2015 dks fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
495
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfMftVy bafM;k ds fo”ku esa ukxfjdksa dk fMftVy l'kDrhdj.k] izR;sd ukxfjdksa ds mi;ksfxrk ds rkSj ij fMftVy
<k¡pk rFkk ekax ij lapkyu vkSj lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
zzHkkjr ljdkj }kjk fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe ds fy;s ctV 2018-19 esa èkujkf'k vkoaVu dks nksxquk djds 3073 djksM+
#i;s fd;k x;k gSA
zzfMftVy bafM;k ds ukS LraHk gSa&
czkWMCkSaM gkbost lHkh ds fy;s lwpuk
eksckby dusfDVfoVh rd lHkh dh igq¡p bysDVªkWfud fofuekZ.k
tu baVjusV igq¡p dk;ZØe jks”kxkj ds fy;s lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh
bZ&'kklu % izkS|ksfxdh ds }kjk ljdkj esa lqèkkj 'kh?kz iSnkokj dk;ZØe (Early harvest programme)
bZ&Økafr % lsokvksa dh bysDVªkWfud vkiwfrZ
fe'ku banzèkuq"k
zz25 fnlacj] 2014 ls fe'ku banzèkuq"k dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
zzbanzèkuq"k dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; 2020 rd mu cPpksa dk Vhdkdj.k djuk gS] tks Vhds ls oafpr jg x, gSaA
zzizkjafHkd nkSj esa dk;ZØe ds varxZr fMÝFkhfj;k] dkyh [kkalh] fVVul] iksfy;ks] risfnd] [kljk rFkk gsisVkbfVl&ch
dk Vhdk yxk;k tkrk Fkk ijarq ckn esa dqN vU; Vhdksa tSls tkikuh balsiQsykbfVl] gseksfiQyl] baÝyq,atk] Vkbi ch
(,pvkbZoh) jksVkok;jl dks Hkh 'kfkey fd;k x;kA
zzbl dk;ZØe dk eq[; y{; nks o"kZ rd ds cPPkksa vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa dk laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k djokuk gSA
zzbl dk;ZØe ds varxZr twu 2016 esa pkj nokvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS&
buSfDVoSfVM iksfy;ks oSDlhu
tkikuh bUlsisQykbfVl (o;Ldksa ds fy;s)
jksVk oSDlhu (Hkkjr ck;ksVsd daiuh us cukbZ)
[kljk oSDlhu
zzblds igys pj.k esa 28 jkT;ksa ds vR;fèkd deh okys 201 f”kyksa esa Vhdkdj.k vfHk;ku pyk;k x;kA bl dk;ZØe
dks ykxw djus ds fy;s eq[; :i ls ekbØks Iykfuax vkSj IEC (lwpuk] f'k{kk o lapkj) dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA
zz7 vDVwcj] 2015 dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds dsaæh; LokLF; ea=kky; us fe'ku baæèkuq"k dk nwljk pj.k izkjaHk fd;k] ftlesa
352 f”kys fpfÉr fd;s x, gSaA buesa 279 eè; izkFkfedrk okys f”kys] mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa ds 33 f”kys vkSj izFke pj.k
ds 40 f”kys 'kkfey gSaA
izèkkuea=kh tu vkS"kfèk ;kstuk

zz1 tqykbZ] 2015 dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk îzèkkuea=kh tu vkS"kfèk ;kstuk* dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA
zzbl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls ljdkj mPPk xq.koÙkk okyh tsusfjd nokb;kas ds nke ck”kkj ewY; ls de j[kdj tu vkS"kfèk
LVksjksa ds ekè;e ls miyCèk djk,xhA
zz;g vfHk;ku iQkekZL;wfVdYl foHkkx us dsanzh; iQkekZ lkoZtfud {ks=k ds miØeksa ds lkFk feydj vkjaHk fd;k gSA
zztu vkS"kfèk LVkslZ ds ekè;e ls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ lLrh nokvksa rd xjhc turk dh igq¡p lqfuf'pr djukA
496
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr tsusfjd nokb;k¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk,axhA
zzHkkjr ds nwj&njkt {ks=kksa rd tsusfjd nokb;ksa dh miyCèkrk gsrq futh {ks=k dks Hkh Hkkxhnkj cuk;k x;k gSA
zzMkWDVjksa dks xSj&czkaMsM tsusfjd nok,¡ fy[kus gsrq izksRlkfgr djukA
zztu vkS"kfèk LVkslZ ljdkjh vLirkyksa vkSj vU; mi;ksxh LFkkuksa ij gh [kksys tk,axsA
zzde fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy jk"Vªksa dh enn djuk] ftlls os tsusfjd nokvksa ds ekè;e ls csgrj LokLF; ds
lkekU; y{; dks gkfly dj ldsaA
ân; (fojklr 'kgj fodkl vkSj foLrkj ;kstuk)

zz21 tuojh] 2015 dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds 'kgjh fodkl ea=kky; us ^ân; ;kstuk* dh 'kq#vkr dhA
zzbl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr 12 Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa dks fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS] tks gSa& ve`rlj] vtesj] vejkorh] cknkeh]
}kjdk] x;k] okjk.klh] dkaphiqje~] eFkqjk] iqjh] okjaxy rFkk osykadUuhA
zzbl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ,sfrgkfld egÙo ds 'kgjksa dh fojklr ds izfr yksxksa dks tkx:d djuk rFkk ns'k dh le`¼
lkaLÑfrd fojklr okys 'kgjksa dk laj{k.k ,oa iqu#¼kj djuk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk ds igys pj.k esa pqus x, 12 'kgjksa dks ` 500 djksM+ vkoafVr fd;s tk,axsA
zzbl ifj;kstuk ds varxZr i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus o i;ZVu m|ksx dks c<+kok nsus gsrq fojklr LFkyksa ds vkl&ikl
cqfu;knh lajpuk vkSj lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk,axhA
izèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk

zz1 ebZ] 2016 dks cfy;k] mÙkj izns'k esa izèkkuea=kh mTToyk ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
zzbl ;kstuk ds varxZr ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa ds 5 djksM+ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks o"kZ 2019 rd jlksbZ xSl dusD'ku iznku djus
ds fy;s ` 8,000 djksM+ dk izkoèkku fd;k x;k gSA
zzbl ;kstuk osQ rgr izR;sd ch-ih-,y- ifjokj dks ,y-ih-th- dusD'ku ds fy;s ` 1600 dh foÙkh; lgk;rk nh tk,xhA
zz;ksX; ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dh igpku jkT; vkSj dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa ds lkFk feydj fopkj&foe'kZ ds ekè;e ls
dh tk,xhA
zz;g ;kstuk efgyk l'kDrhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus rFkk mudh LokLF; dh j{kk esa lgk;d gksxhA
zzbl ;kstuk dks isVªksfy;e vkSj izkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k gSA
fo”ku&2020
zzfo”ku 2020 dh voèkkj.kk iwoZ jk"Vªifr ,oa oSKkfud LoxZoklh MkW- ,ihts vCnqy dyke us fn;k FkkA MkW- dyke
ds usr`Ro esa 500 ,DliV~lZ dh ,d Vhe us fMikVZesaV vkiQ lkblsat ,aM VsDuksykWth ds rgr bafM;k fo”ku 2020 ds
uke ls igyk MkD;wesaV rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA blesa igyh ckj lu~ 2020 rd Hkkjr dks ,d fodflr ns'k cukus dk
liuk ns[kk x;k FkkA dyke us o"kZ 2020 rd Hkkjr dks fodflr cukus ds fy;s izeq[k ckrksa ij ”kksj fn;k Fkk&
zzÑf"k vkSj iwQM izkslsflax& blds varxZr ns'k dh [ksrh vkSj iwQM izkslsflax ds mRiknu dks nksxquk djus dh ckr dgh xbZA
zzf'k{kk vkSj LokLF;&ns'k dks vf'k{kk ls eqDr djuk rFkk LokLF; lacaèkh lqfoèkk,¡ lHkh rd igq¡pkuk 'kkfey gSA
zzbUiQkWesZ'ku ,aM dE;qfuds'ku VsDuksykWth vkSj f'k{kk ds {ks=k bZ&xous±l dks c<+kok nsuk] VsfydE;qfuds'ku vkSj VsyhesfMflu
tSlh VsDuksykWth dks c<+kok nsukA
zzU;wfDy;j VsDuksykWth dks c<+kok nsuk] Lisl VsDuksykWth dks e”kcwr cukuk vkfn 'kkfey gSA

497
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
jktLFkku dh izeq[k fodkl ;kstuk,¡@ifj;kstuk,¡
(Major Development Schemes/Project of Rajasthan Government)
jkT; ljdkj dh f'k{kk lacaèkh ;kstuk,¡

iQsfLVoy vkWiQ ,tqds'ku
zzf'k{kk vkSj uokpkjksa }kjk O;fDr] lekt o ns'k esa cnyko ds mn~ns'; ls vk;ksftr] blesa fo|ky;ksa ds lqn`<+hdj.k gsrq
^Kku ladYi iksVZy* o êq[;ea=kh fo|knku dks"k* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftldk mn~ns'; gSµ jktdh; fo|ky;ksa
dh ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa ,oa izkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj C.S.R.] Hkkek'kkgksa (nkunkrk)] laLFkkvksa o ØkmMiaQ¯Mx ds
ekè;e ls vko';d èkujkf'k dk laxzg o izcaèku djuk ,oa fo|ky;ksa ds fodkl gsrq fofHkUu ifj;kstukvksa gsrq
nkunkrkvksa dk lg;ksx izkIr djukA
zzbl vkWuykbu IysVeiQkWeZ ds ekè;e ls Hkkek'kkg vkSj vkS|ksfxd ?kjkus ^fuxfer lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro* (C.S.R.) ds
rgr jkT; esa f'k{kk esa fd;s tk jgs uokpkjkas ,oa vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkkvksa dks c<+kus esa viuk lg;ksx ns ldrs gSaA
zz;g dk;ZØe jkT; ljdkj rFkk nqcbZ fLFkr tsEl ,tqds'ku iQkmaMs'ku }kjk la;qDr :i ls vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA ;g
ôu ;ax jktLFkku* ds fy;s fo'o esa laHkkoukvksa dh ryk'k djsxkA bl isQfLVoy esa dqyifr] izorZd] izkpk;Z f'k{kdx.k]
lektlsoh] uhfr fuèkkZjd] vfHkHkkod ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fgLlk fy;kA
zzblesa ^lk¡p* Kku ladYi iksVZy ds ekè;e ls m|ksx o nkunkrk ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa dks nku ns ldsaxsA
f'k{kk lacaèkh vU; ;kstuk,¡

zzbZ&Kku dsanz ;kstuk% eq[;ea=kh jkts }kjk f”kyk iz'kklu >kykokM+ }kjk rS;kj dk;ZØe ^bZ&Kku* vkjaHk fd;k] blls
fcuk baVjusV ds ?kj cSBs iqLrdksa dk vè;;u fd;k tk ldsxkA
zzykMks jkuh ;kstuk&2016: tqykbZ 2016 esa ukxkSj ls izkjaHk] blds rgr xjhc vkSj izfrHkkoku Nk=kkvksa dks mPp
f'k{kk tkjh j[kus vkSj mPp f'k{kk gsrq izf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xkA efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kh vfurk Hknsy us lksuksxzkiQh
lapkydksa ds lg;ksx ls bls izkjaHk fd;kA bl igy ds rgr f”kys dh ,slh xjhc o izfrHkkoku Nk=kkvksa dk p;u
fd;k tk,xk tks izfrdwy vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k viuh f'k{kk vkxs tkjh j[kus esa v{ke gSaA
zzeq[;ea=kh tu&lgHkkfxrk fo|ky; fodkl ;kstuk% ;g ;kstuk ekè;fed f'k{kk ds fy;s fo|ky;ksa esa vkèkkjHkwr
lajpuk ds fuekZ.k ,oa fodkl gsrq izkjaHk dh xbZA blesa ljdkj o tu lgHkkfxrk dk vuqikr 60 : 40 jgsxkA
laLÑr ds iBu&ikBu] ikB~;Øe rFkk vuqlaèkku gsrq jktdh; laLÑr f'k{kd izf'k{k.k fo|ky;] egkiqjk] t;iqj
dks jkT;Lrjh; laLÑr f'k{kd izf'k{k.k ,oa vuqlaèkku laLFkku ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,xkA
jkT; ljdkj }kjk ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS fd [kktwokyk&chdkusj] dj.kiqj&Jh xaxkuxj] NcM+k&ckajk] jkorHkkVk&fpÙkkSM+x<+]
jktk[ksMk+ &èkkSyiqj] cMkik&>kykokM+] [khaolj&ukxkSj ,oa NksVh lknMh&izrkix<+ esa uohu jktdh; Co–ed egkfo|ky;
[kksys tk,axs] chdkusj esa rduhdh fo'ofo|ky; [kksyk tkuk izLrkfor gSA
zzmRÑ"V fo|ky; p;u ;kstuk% ;g nwj&njk”k ds {ks=kksa esa Js"B dk;Z dj jgs izkFkfed@mPp izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds
fy;s gSA
zzjkt bZ&Kku iksVZy% 12oha d{kk rd ds fo|k£Fk;ksa ds fy;s fMftVy ikB~;&lkexzh miyCèk djkus gsrq izkjaHk fd;k
x;k gSA
zzvfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj (jktLFkku la'kksèku) foèks;d&2015% jktLFkku ns'k dk izFke jkT;] ftlesa ;g
foèks;d ikfjr gqvkA blds vuqlkj izFke d{kk ls vkBoha d{kk rd ds Nk=kksa dks lacafèkr d{kk ds Lrj dks izkIr
djus ds i'pkr~ gh vxyh d{kk esa izos'k fn;k tk ldsxkA ;fn Lrj izkIr ugha fd;k x;k rks vxyh d{kk esa izos'k
ls jksdk tk ldsxkA
498
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z cky f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2009 esa izkoèkku Fkk fd d{kk ,d ls vkBoha rd ds
cPpksa dks mDr Lrj izkIr ugha djus ij Hkh vuqÙkh.kZ ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA
zzvkn'kZ fo|ky; ;kstuk% jkT; dh izR;sd xzke iapk;r eas ,d mPp ekè;fed@ekè;fed dks vkn'kZ fo|ky; ds
:i esa fodflr fd;s tkus dh ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZA
zzySiVkWi forj.k ;kstuk% d{kk 8, 10, 12 dh cksMZ ijh{kk ds vkèkkj ij p;fur esèkkoh Nk=kkvksa dks xq.koÙkk;qDr
ySiVkWi miyCèk djk, tk jgs gSaA
zzlkbfdy forj.k ;kstuk% jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk 9 esa izos'k ysus okyh leLr ckfydkvksa dks lkbfdysa iznku
dh tk jgh gSaA
zzLokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy Ldwy% jkT; ds 'kSf{kd n`f"V ls fiNMs+ CykWdksa esa vaxzs”kh ekè;e ls vè;;u gsrq
bu fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
zzehuk eap% bleas lkekftd eqn~nksa ;Fkkµ cky fookg o ngs”k izFkk ij vfHkHkkodksa esa tkx:drk ykbZ tkrh gS rFkk
vukekafdr Nk=kkvksa esa tkx:drk ykbZ tkrh gS rFkk vukekafdr Nk=kkvksa ,oa MªkWi&vkmV Nk=kkvksa ds vfHkHkkodksa dks
vfu;fer Nk=kkvksa dks fo|ky; Hkstus ds fy;s izsfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
zzvè;kfidk eap% bldk xBu ckfydkvksa ds 'kS{kf.kd Lrj dks c<+kus vkSj fo|ky; esa Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s fe=kor~ okrkoj.k
LFkkfir djus ds fy;s gh fd;k x;k gSA CykWd Lrj ij 301 vè;kfidkvksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA vè;kfidk eap
vfèkdre 100 f'k{kdksa dk lewg gSA
zzljdkjh Ldwy îk¡p ls ,d flrkjk* rd gksaxs% gksVyksa dh rtZ ij ljdkjh Ldwy Hkh iQkby LVkj] iQksj LVkj] Fkzh
LVkj gksaxsA ;g dne i<+kbZ ds izfr izfrLi¼kZ c<+kus vkSj xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj gsrq mBk;k x;k gSA ;g js¯Vx cksMZ ijh{kk
ifj.kke ds vkèkkj ij gksxhA
bl izdkj feysxh js¯Vx
5 LVkj% ;fn Ldwy dk ijh{kk ifj.kke cksMZ ds dqy ijh{kk ifj.kke ls vfèkd jgk o Ldwy esa izFke Js.kh ls
mÙkh.kZ gksus okys fo|k£Fk;ksas dk izfr'kr Hkh jkT; Lrj ij izFke Js.kh ls mÙkh.kZ gksus okys fo|k£Fk;ksa ds dqy
izfr'kr ls vfèkd gSA
4 LVkj% ;fn izFke Js.kh ls mÙkh.kZ gksus okys fo|k£Fk;ksa dk izfr'kr jkT; Lrj ij cksMZ ijh{kk esa izFke vkus okys
fo|k£Fk;ksa ds dqy izfr'kr ls de gSA
3 LVkj% ;fn fdlh Ldwy esa izFke vkus okys fo|k£Fk;ksa dk izfr'kr jkT; Lrj ij izFke vkus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds izfr'kr ls Hkh vfèkd gS] ysfdu ml Ldwy dk ifj.kke cksMZ ds dqy izfr'kr ls de gSA
2 LVkj% ;fn Ldwy dk ifj.kke vkSj izFke Js.kh ls ikl gksus okys fo|k£Fk;ksa dk izfr'kr cksMZ ds ifj.kke vkSj
izFke vkus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ifj.kke ls de gSA
1 LVkj% cksMZ ijh{kk esa vxj Ldwy ds 95% ls de fo|k£Fk;ksa us fgLlk fy;k] Hkys gh mldk ifj.kke vkSj
izFke vkus okys fo|k£Fk;ksa dk izfr'kr dqN Hkh gksA
zzjkg ;kstuk% gky gh esa >kykokM+ f”kys ds Nk=kkoklksa esa i<+us okyh Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s ;g vkjaHk dh xbZ] ftlds
rgr Nkk=kkvksa dks ljy fofèk esa vaxzs”kh fl[kkbZ tk,xhA
jktLFkku ljdkj dh fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; lacaèkh ;kstuk,¡

zzflfydkWfll ikWfylh% jkT; ljdkj us 3 vDVwcj] 2019 dks flfydkWfll uhfr izkjaHk dh gSA mDr uhfr esa [knkuksa]
dkj[kkuksa] iRFkj rksM+us] iRFkj dh f?klkbZ] iRFkj ihldj ikmMj cukus] fxV~Vh cukus] lSaM LVksu ls ewfrZ cukus bR;kfn
dk;ks± ls èkwy ds laidZ esa vkus ls Jfed ,d ykbykt chekjh flfydkWfll ls ihfM+r gks tkrk gSA bl uhfr esa
flfydkWfll ihfMr O;fDr dks vkfFkZd enn ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls dk;Z LFky ,oa Jfedksa dh igpku] iquokZl] chekjh
dh jksdFkke o fu;a=k.k ds mik; viuk, tk,axsA
499
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzthouokfguh baVhxzsVsM ,acqysal ;kstuk% 15 vxLr] 2016 ls izkjaHk] orZeku esa 108 ,acqysal lsok] 104 tuuh
,Dlizsl lsok] csl ,acqysal lsok o 104 fpfdRlk ijke'kZ lsok,¡ i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSa vkSj budh
lsok,¡ izkIr djus ds fy;s vyx&vyx uacj Mk;y djus iM+rs gSaA bl leL;k ds dkj.k nsjh gksus ls ejht dh tku
Hkh tk ldrh gSA vr% blds lekèkku gsrq NHM ds rgr lapkfyr bu lsokvksa dks ,dhÑr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k
x;kA vc dsoy 104/108 uacj gh Mk;y djus gksaxsA
zzvkjksX; jktLFkku vfHk;ku% LokLF; lsokvksa dk lkoZtuhdj.k ,oa LokLF; tupsruk tkxzr djus ds fy;s ^vkjksX;
jktLFkku* vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k x;kA LokLF; losZ{k.k izi=kksa dk gsYFk baiQksesZ'ku usVodZ rS;kj dj bls ^Hkkek'kkg dkMZ*
ls fyad dj blds vkèkkj ij izR;sd O;fDr dk gsYFk dkMZ tkjh fd;k tk,xkA
zzvarjk ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr c<+rh tula[;k ij yxke yxkus ds fy;s efgykvksa dks varjk batsD'ku fn;k
tkrk gS] ftlls os rhu ekg rd xHkZèkkj.k ugha dj ldrh] rhu ekg i'pkr~ xHkZèkkj.k djuk vklku gksxkA
zzfe'ku banzèkuq"k% ;g vizSy 2015–16 esa izkjaHk fd;k x;k] blesa l?ku Vhdkdj.k dk;ZØe ds rgr NwVs gq, cPpksa
o xHkZorh efgykvksa dks Vhds yxk, x,A dsanzh; LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k o lkr
thou ?kkrd jksxksa ls j{kk ds fy;s ;g banzèkuq"k fe'ku jktLFkku esa pyk;k x;kA
zzdq'ky eaxy dk;ZØe% çns'k esa gkbZ fjLd izsXusalh dks fpfÉr dj mudk leqfpr izcaèku djus ds fy;s bl dk;ZØe
dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA
zzvk'kk lkWÝV% jktLFkku esa dk;Zjr ^vk'kkvksa* dks le; ij izksRlkgu jkf'k nsus ,oa muds izHkkoh dk;Z ewY;kadu ds
fy;s cuk;k x;k vkWuykbu lkWÝVos;jA
zzÅ"kk% jktLFkku ljdkj us jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku esa cPpksa o efgykvksa ds chp LokLF; lsokvksa dh f”kEesnkjh
l¡Hkkyus okyh ^vk'kk* dh r”kZ ij 'kgjksa ds fy;s ^Å"kk* dks rSukr djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ gSA
zzvkstl lkWÝVos;j (UJAS)% f”kyk vLirkyksa esa csVh&csVs ds tUe ij izlwrk dks Hkqxrku lacaèkh tkudkjh vkstl ij
viyksM dh tkrh gSA
zzMksMk iksLr&u'kkeqfDr dk;ZØe û;k losjk* 2016% Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk MksMk iksLr O;kolkf;;ksa ds ijfeVksa dk
uohuhdj.k ugha fd;s tkus ,oa MksMk&iksLr O;lfu;ksa dks u'kk eqDr fd;s tkus ds funsZ'k iznku fd;s tkus ds iQyLo:i
jkT; esa ;g dk;ZØe izkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zzlacy xzke fodkl ;kstuk% 1997–98 esa vkjaHk dh xbZ ;g ;kstuk 'kr&izfr'kr jkT; dh gSA vxLr 2009 esa ,sls
xk¡o] ftudh vuqlwfpr tkfr dh tula[;k tux.kuk o"kZ 2001 ds vuqlkj 40% ;k mlls vfèkd gS rks og xk¡o
lacy xk¡o ekuk tk,xkA
zzfd'kksjh 'kfDr iks"kkgkj ;kstuk% ;g ;kstuk flracj 2015 esa izkjaHk dh xbZ] blesa gj vkaxuckM+h esa 11–18 lky
dh nks gh fd'kksfj;ksa dks iks"kkgkj nsuk lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k FkkA
lcyk ds LFkku ij bls ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA ^lcyk ;kstuk* uoacj 2010 esa jktLFkku ds 10 f”kyksa esa ykxw dh xbZ
FkhA blesa 11 ls 18 o"kZ dh Ldwy u tkus okyh] Ldwy chp esa NksM+us okyh lHkh ckfydkvksa vkSj 15 ls 18 o"kZ
dh Ldwy tkus okyh lHkh ckfydkvksa ds iks"k.k izkoèkku 'kkfey FksA
zzeq[; èkkjk ifj;kstuk% HIV esu LVªhfeax ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk HIV fo"k; dks leLr foHkkxksa] laLFkkvksa
}kjk lapkfyr vkarfjd o cká fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa] xfrfofèk;ksa ,oa uhfr;ksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk lds] fo'ks"kdj ogk¡]
tgk¡ HIV fo"k; ij lkèkkj.kr% ckr ugha dh tkrh gksA
zzeq[;ea=kh LoPN xzke ;kstuk&2017% ;g ;kstuk tuojh 2017 dks vkjaHk dh xbZA mn~ns';µ xk¡oksa dks LoPN] lqanj
cukuk] xk¡oksa esa LoPNrk dk okrkoj.k iSnk djuk] yksxksa dks LoPNrk ds lacaèk eas tkx:d djuk] Bksl dpjs ds
izcaèku ls iqu% iz;ksx esa ysus ;ksX; lkexzh cukuk bR;kfnA
bl ;kstuk ds varxZr xzke iapk;r dks dk;Zdkjh laLFkk cuk;k x;k gS] rkfd bldk izcaèku xzke iapk;r ij gh
gks ldsA
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zztheks&lk ;kstuk% gky gh esa ;g ;kstuk >kykokM+ f”kys ds Nk=kkoklksa esa i<+us okyh Nk=kkvksa ds fy;s izkjaHk dh xbZA
bl ;kstuk ds rgr Nk=kkvksa dks ljy fofèk ls vaxzs”kh fl[kkbZ tk,xhA
zzvUuiw.kkZ jlksbZ ;kstuk&2016% eq[;ea=kh }kjk vke ukxfjdksa dks lLrh ,oa fj;k;rh njksa ij vPNh xq.koÙkk dk ikSf"Vd
o LoPN vkgkj miyCèk djkus ds fy;s ;g ;kstuk vkjaHk gqbZA
bldk vkjaHk 15 fnlacj] 2016 esa gqvkA blesa fo'ks"kdj Jfed fjD'ksokyksa] vkWVksokyksa] deZpkfj;ksa] fo|k£Fk;ksa]
dkedkth efgykvksa] cq”kqxZ ,oa vU; vlgk; O;fDr;ksa dks ek=k 5 #i, izfr IysV uk'rk] ek=k 8 #i, esa nksigj o
jkf=k dk Hkkstu fn;k tkrk gSA
^lcds fy;s Hkkstu] lcds fy;s lEeku* bl VSx ykbu ds lkFk bl Ldhe dks izFke pj.k esa 12 f”kyksa esa vkjaHk
fd;k x;kA
zzeq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd nok ;kstuk% êq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd nok ;kstuk* 2 vDVwcj] 2011 dks ykxw dh xbZ FkhA bl ;kstuk
dk mn~ns'; jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa esa vkus okys lHkh varjax ,oa cfgjax jksfx;ksa dks ykHk igq¡pkuk gSA bl ;kstuk ds
varxZr fpfdRlk egkfo|ky;] f”kyk fpfdRlky;] lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsaæksa] izkFkfed LokLF; dsaæksa rFkk mi LokLF;
dsaæksa ij vkus okys lHkh varjax ,oa cfgjax jksfx;ksa dks vfèkdka'kr% iz;ksx esa vkus okyh vko';d nokb;k¡ fu%'kqYd
miyCèk djokbZ tkrh gSaA ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s jktLFkku esfMdy lfoZlst dkWiksZjs'ku dk xBu fd;k x;k
gS] tks fd fpfdRlk ,oa LokLF; foHkkx rFkk fpfdRlk f'k{kk foHkkx gsrq nok,¡] 'kY; Vkads Ø; djds vkiwfrZ djsaxhA
jkT; ds lHkh ljdkjh fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa esa nok forj.k djus ds fy;s 33 f”kyk eq[;ky;ksa ij f”kyk vkS"kfèk HkaMkj
x`g (Mh-Mh-McY;w-,p-) lapkfyr fd;s x, gSaA o"kZ 2017&18 esa vko';d nok lwph ds vuqlkj 606 izdkj dh
nok,¡] 147 'kY; vkS”kkj ,oa 77 Vkads lwphc¼ gSaA nokvksa dh xq.koÙkk dh tk¡p Mªx VsfLVax yScksjsVªh”k }kjk lqfuf'pr
dh tk jgh gSA jktdh; fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa esa lapkfyr fu%'kqYd nok forj.k dsanzksa ij miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh nokb;ksa
dh lwph iznf'kZr dh xbZ gSA cfgjax jksfx;ksa gsrq nok forj.k dsanz ds le;kuqlkj rFkk varjax ,oa vkikrdkyhu ejhtksa
ds fy;s nok dh miyCèkrk 24 ?kaVs lqfuf'pr dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk esa tfVy ,oa xaHkhj chekjh ds fy;s Hkh nokb;k¡
miyCèk gSaA o"kZ 2017&18 esa fnlacj 2017 rd ;kstuk esa ` 322.11 djksM+ dh jkf'k [kpZ dh tk pqdh gSA
zzjk"Vªh; ekufld LokLF; dk;ZØe% bl ;kstuk esa fnlacj 2017 rd dqy 1,87,279 vks-ih-Mh-jksxh] 1,64,982
iQkWyksvi jksxh ns[ks x,] 99 ckgjh f'kfojksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k ,oa 1,484 LVkiQ dks izf'k{k.k fn;k tk pqdk gSA
o"kZ 2017–18 esa fnlacj 2017 rd `42.03 yk[k O;; gks pqds gSaA
zzfujksxh jktLFkku vfHk;ku% jktLFkku ds leLr ukxfjdksa dh LokLF; leL;kvksa ds funku o cpko ds mn~ns'; ls
ekuuh; eq[;ea=kh egksn; ds }kjk 17 fnlacj] 2019 dks fujksxh jktLFkku vfHk;ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k] ftlds
varxZr chekfj;ksa ls cpko gsrq fuEufyf[kr dk;Z fd;s tk,ads&
tula[;k fu;a=k.k (ifjokj dY;k.k dk;ZozQe)A
o`¼koLFkk esa LokLF; dh ns[kHkky (tsfj,fVªd lsaVj)A
efgyk LokLF; (,uhfe;k] dqiks"k.k] Lru o cPpsnkuh dk dsUlj ,oa ekgokjhA
lapkjh jksx (ekSleh chekfj;k¡)A
fd'kksjkoLFkk LokLF; (,uhfe;k] dqiks"k.k] eksVkik] ekgokjh ,oa LoPNrk)A
vlapkjh jksx (thou 'kSyh vkèkkfjr eksVkik] eèkqesg] ch-ih-] euksjksx ân;jksx] i{kk?kkr] dsUlj rFkk iQsiQM+s lacaèkh
jksx)A
Vhdkdj.k ,oa O;Ld Vhdkdj.k (laiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k)A
O;lu jksx ('kjkc] MªXl o rEckdw)A
[kk| inkFkZ ,oa feykoVA
iznw"k.k bR;kfnA

501
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blds fy;s izR;sd xk¡o o 'kgjh okMZ esa ,d&,d LokLF; ,oa Lo;a lsod fe=k (efgyk o iq#"k) dk p;u fd;k
tkuk izLrkfor gS] ftUgsa ^LokLF; fe=k* uke fn;k x;kA
vk;q"eku Hkkjr
egkRek xkaèkh jktLFkku LokLF; chek ;kstuk dks izns'k esa fnukad 01] flracj] 2019 ls vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA bl
;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns'; jkT; ds xjhc ifjokjksa (jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e] 2013 ,oa lkekftd vkfFkZd ,oa tkfr
vkèkkfjr tux.kuk (SECC) ds vkèkkj ij ik=k ykHkkFkhZ ifjokj) dks dS'kysl fpfdRlk lqfoèkk iznku djuk gSA bl ;kstuk
ds varxZr izR;sd ifjokj dks izfro"kZ fpfUg~r lkekU; chekfj;ksa gsrq ` 30]000 rFkk fpfUg~r xaHkhj chekfj;ksa gsrq ` 3-00
yk[k rd rd dk LokLF; chek doj lkef;d vkèkkj ij fn;k tkrk gSA bl ;kstuk esa dqy 1401 chekfj;ksa ds iSdst
lfEefyr gSa] ftlesa fpfUg~r xaHkhj chekfj;ksa gsrq 663 r`rh;d iSdst ,oa lkekU; chekfj;ksa gsrq 738 f}rh; iSdst dks
lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA lkekU; chekfj;ksa ds iSdst dh vkjf{kr lwph esa 46 iSdst jktdh; fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa ,oa 14
iSdst futh fpfdRlk laLFkkuksa ds 'kkfey gSA
Hkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk
;g ;kstuk jkT; ds xjhc ifjokjksa (jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e] 2013 ,oa jk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ;kstuk esa p;fur
ifjokj) dks futh fpfdRlky;ksa esa dS'kysl fpfdRlk lqfoèkk iznku dj foÙkh; ,oa lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djus ,oa
turk ds }kjk LokLF; ij fd;s tk jgs O;; dks de djus gsrq lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA Hkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk
13 fnlacj 2015 ls izkjaHk gqbZA Hkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk dk u;k pj.k (2017-2019) 13 fnlacj] 2017 ls 'kq:
fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa ykHkkfUorksa] iSdstksa dh la[;k] iSdst ykxr rFkk fu;ekoyh vkfn esa u, izkoèkku fd;s x, gSaA o"kZ
2017-18 esa (fnlacj 2017 rd) 532.38 djksM+ #i, dh jkf'k dk O;; fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 915.07
djksM+ #i, ds 16.64 yk[k Dyse chek daifu;ksa }kjk LohÑr fd;s x, gSaA ;kstuk ds varxZr ik=k ifjokjksa dks dS'kysl
LokLF; lsok,¡ miyCèk djokbZ tkrh gSaA ljdkjh vLirkyksa ds lkFk pqfuank futh (izkbosV) esa Hkh ;s lsok,¡ miyCèk
djokbZ tk jgh gSaA jkT; ds yksxksa ds LokLF; ij gksus okys [kpZ dks de djuk bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; gSA
zzjk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk ,oa jk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ;kstuk esa 'kkfey ifjokj bl ;kstuk esa ik=k gSA
zzHkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk esa izR;sd ik=k ifjokj dks izfro"kZ lkekU; chekfj;ksa ds fy;s 30 gtkj rFkk xaHkhj
chekfj;ksa ds fy;s 3 yk[k #i, dk LokLF; chek doj miyCèk djok;k tk jgk gSA vLirky esa HkrhZ ds nkSjku gq,
[kpZ ds vykok HkrhZ ls 7 fnu igys ls 15 fnu ckn rd dk [kpZ 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk esa 1715 chekfj;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA buds vfrfjDr usÚksykWth] xsLVªksykWth] U;wjksykWth rFkk
lkbfd;kVªh lfgr 300 ls vfèkd Lisf'k;fyVh mipkj ds u, iSdst Hkh tksM+s tk,axsA
zzblls igys py jgh ;kstukvksa esa dsoy nokb;k¡ vkSj tk¡p dh dS'kysl feyrh Fkha] ysfdu vc Hkkek'kkg LokLF;
chek ;kstuk esa tk¡p] bykt] MkWDVj dh iQhl] vkWijs'ku vkfn lc 'kkfey fd;s x, gSaA blds vykok ljdkj }kjk
vks-ih-Mh- o dS'kysl nokvksa ds forj.k dh O;oLFkk Hkh igys ls T;knk cM+s Lrj ij dh xbZ gSA
zzjktLFkku dh ;g LokLF; chek ;kstuk ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa dh bl rjg dh ;kstukvksa ls dgha csgrj gSA blesa chekfj;ksa
vkSj tk¡pksa dh la[;k Hkh vkSj jkT;ksa esa T;knk gS vkSj fuf'pr jkf'k HkhA vkt ;g ;kstuk iwjs izns'k ds yk[kksa ifjokjksa
ds fy;s thounk;h lkfcr gks jgh gSaA
zzvLirky esa HkrhZ ds le; ogk¡ mifLFkr ^LokLF; ekxZn'kZd* ejh”k vkSj ifjtuksa dh enn djrs gSaA ;kstuk dk ykHk
ysus ds fy;s ykHkkFkhZ dks viuk Hkkek'kkg dkMZ vLriky iz'kklu dks nsuk gksrk gSA mlds ckn dh lkjh izfØ;k dh
ftEesnkjh vLirky iz'kklu dh gksrh gSA
zz;kstuk ds liQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy;s dkWy lsaVj cuk;k tk jgk gSA blds vykok eksckby ,si }kjk ekWfuVfjax dh
O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA U;w bafM;k ba';ksjsal daiuh ls bldk vuqcaèk fd;k x;k gSA
502
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
foÙkh; izxfr
o"kZokj Hkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk ds ctV vkoaVu ,oa O;; dh lwpuk fuEu rkfydk esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
Ø-la- foÙkh; o"kZ vkoafVr jkf'k (` djksM+ esa) O;; jkf'k (` djksM+ esa)
1. 2015-16 213.76 213.45
2. 2016-17 431.00 410.87
3. 2017-18* 532.38 532.38
*fnlacj] 2017 rd
vkn'kZ izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa izkFkfed Lrj ij gh xq.koÙkkiw.kZ LokLF; lsok,¡ miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls vkn'kZ izkFkfed LokLF;
dsanz ;kstuk dh 15 vxLr] 2016 ls 'kq#vkr dh xbZA bu izkFkfed LokLF; dsanzksa dks osyusl lsaVj ds :i esa fodflr
fd;k tk jgk gSA
;kstuk ds izFke pj.k esa 295 izkFkfed LokLF; dsanzksa (izR;sd [kaM ls ,d izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz dk p;u) vkn'kZ
izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz ds :i esa fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bu fpfdRlk laLFkkvksa ij fuèkkZfjr i;kZIr LVkiQ dh miyCèkrk]
vkS"kfèk;ksa dh miyCèkrk] izkFkfed LokLF; dsanz ij fu'kqYd tk¡p ;kstuk ds rgr dh tkus okyh 15 tk¡pksa dh miyCèkrk
,oa vk;q"k fpfdRld dks inLFkkfir dj vk;qosZn ,oa ;ksx lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gSA
bl ;kstuk ds f}rh; pj.k esa 600 izkFkfed LokLF; dsanzksa (pj.k 2, = 286] pj.k 2ch = 314) dks vkn'kZ izkFkfed
LokLF; dsanz cukus gsrq fpfÉr dj fy;k x;k gSA pj.k 2, esa p;fur 286 izkFkfed LokLF; dsanzksa ij 11 tqykbZ] 2017
dks vkn'kZ LokLF; dsanz ds :i esa 'kq: fd;k tk pqdk gSA
'kgjh o 'kgjh voLFkkiuk ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzjktLFkku mi {ks=k ;kstuk % o"kZ 2014-15 esa ykxw] blds rgr jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k ds varxZr vyoj f”kys dks
fodflr fd;k tk,xkA
bl ;kstuk dk foLrkj djrs gq, Hkjriqj f”kys dks Hkh jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k esa 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k gSA
dksVk dks dkmaVj eSXusV 'kgj dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA
blls tqM+s vU; izkstsDV gSaµ
(i) KBNIR Vkmuf'ki% blds rgr fnYyh&eqacbZ baMLVªh;y dkWfjMksj MoyiesaV dkWjiksjs'ku (DMICDC) }kjk
'kkgtgk¡iqj uhejkuk {ks=k esa ,d ubZ xzhu iQhYM Vkmuf'ki fodflr djus dk izLrko gSA bl Vkmuf'ki ds
izLrkoksa dks 'kkgtgk¡iqj&uhejkuk cgjksM+ uxjh; {ks=k ds ekLVj Iyku esa lek;ksftr fd;k tk,xkA DMICDC,
m|ksx foHkkx vkfn ds lkFk bl gsrq leUo; dj uxj fu;kstu lacaèkh dk;Z NCR izdks"B }kjk fd;k tk jgk
gSA
(ii) xzhuiQhYM ,;jiksVZ% fnYyh&eqacbZ baMLVªh;y dkWfjMksj MoyiesaV dkWjiksjs'ku (DMI CDC) }kjk dksVdkfle
rglhy esa xzhuiQhYM ,;jiksVZ izLrkfor gSA bl gsrq LFky p;u] ifj;kstuk {ks=k esa fodkl lacaèkh xkbM ykbUl
vkfn dk;ks± gsrq DMI CDC m|ksx foHkkx vkfn ds lkFk blds fØ;kUo;u gsrq lg;ksx NCR izdks"B }kjk
fd;k tk jgk gSA
(iii) jh”kuy jSfiM VªkaftV flLVe (RRTS): NCR {ks=k ;kstuk cksMZ }kjk fnYyh ls vyoj ,yhosVsM ubZ jsy
ykbu izLrkfor gSA blds fØ;kUo;u gsrq NCR VªkaliksVZ dkWjiksjs'ku dk xBu o"kZ 2013-14 esa fd;k x;kA bl
;kstuk gsrq vykbuesaV dk fuèkkZj.k o fØ;kUo;u gsrq leUo; dk dk;Z NCR izdks"B }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
eq[;ea=kh 'kgjh tudY;k.k ;kstuk% uxjh; fudk;ksa ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ds Rofjr lekèkku gsrq izkjaHkA

503
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eq[;ea=kh 'kgjh tudY;k.k ;kstuk&2017
zzjkT; esa edku ds iV~Vs rFkk uxjh; fudk;ksa ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ds Rofjr lekèkku gsrq 'kkgiqjk (t;iqj) uxjikfydk
{ks=k ds 11 ykHkk£Fk;ksa dks iV~Vs lkSaidj 10 ebZ] 2017 dks bl vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
dkS'ky] m|ferk ,oa fu;kstu ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzfMftVy bafM;k lfeV&2017% jktLFkku dks ^fMftVy yhMj vkWiQ n bZ;j* vokWMZ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl
nkSjku rhu vkSj vokWMZ Hkh feysµ blesa efgyk l'kDrhdj.k ,oa foÙkh; lekos'ku dh ^Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk dks bZ&xous±l*
bfuf'k,fVo vkWiQ n bZ;j vokWMZ] jktLFkku iqfyl ds Økbe isVªksy vkSj MkVk ,ukfyfll dsaæ ^vHk; dekaM lsaVj
dks bisQfDVo ;w”k vkWiQ VsDuksykWth iQkWj flD;ksfjVh ,aM lsÝVh vokWMZ rFkk Hkkek'kkg LokLF; chek ;kstuk dks ^gsYFk
ba';ksjsal bfuf'k,fVo vkWiQ n bZ;j iqjLdkj* feykA
zzHkkjrh; fLdy MoyiesaV ;wfuoflZVh% 23 vizSy] 2016 dks ns'k dh igyh ^fLdy MoyiesaV ;wfuoflZVh* dk
mn~?kkVu CM jkts }kjk fd;k x;k tks vtesj jksM (t;iqj) esa fLFkr SEZ esa cuh gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh ;qok dkS'ky ;sktuk (,e-,e-okbZ-ds-okbZ-)% eq[;ea=kh ;qok dkS'ky ;kstuk (,e-,e-okbZ-ds-okbZ-) ljdkjh
dkWystksa esa vè;;ujr Lukrd Lrj ds Nk=kksa dks jks”kxkjksUeq[kh dkS'ky izf'k{k.k iznku djus ds fy;s 7 uoacj] 2019
dks izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
LVkVZvi ikWfylh&2017
zziznw"k.kfu;a=k.k ds fy;s igyh ckj LVkVZvi ikWfylh 24 tuojh] 2017 dks ea”kwj dh xbZA ;g ikWfylh i;kZoj.k
laj{k.k] m|ksxksa ds fodkl o u, m|fe;ksa ds fy;s mi;ksxh gksxhA bl uhfr ds varxZr fdlh Hkh ;qok m|eh dks
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k lacaèkh LVkVZvi ds fy;s eaMy Hkh lgk;rk jkf'k miyCèk djk,xkA
zzmM+ku% dsaæ ljdkj dh egÙokdka{kh ;kstuk] ftlds varxZr jh”kuy dusfDVfoVh ds ekè;e ls t;iqj&tSlyesj]
fnYyh&chdkusj&fnYyh] t;iqj&vkxjk&t;iqj dks tksM+us dh dok;n rs”k gks xbZA
zzLVkVZvi foyst% 9 vxLr] 2015 dks jkT; ljdkj us ;qokvksa ds fc”kusl vkbfM;k dks vkxs ys tkus ds mn~ns'; ls
bls vkjaHk fd;kA blds rgr esfMdy] bathfu;fjax] ck;ksVsDuksyksth] iQkbusal vkSj baMLVªh ls tqM+s ;qokvksa ds ikl dksbZ
fc”kusl vkbfM;k gksxk rks ljdkj mls Moyi djus ds fy;s IysViQkWeZ miyCèk djk,xhA
zzjktLFkku lw{e] y?kq o eè;e m|e (iQSf'kfyVs'ku vkWiQ ,LVsfCy'kesaV ,.M vkWijs'ku) vfèkfu;e] 2019%
jkT; esa fuos'k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s jktLFkku lw{e] y?kq o eè;e (iQSf'kfyVs'ku vkWiQ ,LVsdfCy'kesaV ,.M
vkWijs'ku) vfèkfu;e] 2019 fnukad 17 tqykbZ] 2019 dks vfèklwfpr fd;k x;kA bl vfèkfu;e esa jkt m|ksx iksVZy
ij uohu lw{e] y?kq o eè;e m|eksa ds iathdj.k o LFkkiuk dk izkoèkku gSA m|e ds vkWuykbZu vfHkLoho`Qfr izek.k
i=k izkIr djus ds ckn ljdkj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa dh Loho`Qfr ,oa fujh{k.k ls rhu lky dh vofèk ds fy;s NwV
iznku dh xbZ gSA iksVZy ij fnlacj] 2019 rd dqy 2]878 vkosndksa dks vfHkLoho`Qfr izek.k i=k tkjh fd;s x, gSA
i;ZVu ls tqM+h ;kstuk,¡ ,oa uhfr;k¡ (Schemes & policy related to tourism)
zzlans'k ;kstuk% dsaæ dh bl ;kstuk ds rgr ns'kh vkSj fons'kh i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s jkT; esa ^Ms”kVZ
VwfjLV lfdZV* rS;kj fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa jkT; dh vksj ls izLrkfor f”kys gSaµ chdkusj] tksèkiqj] tSlyesj] ckM+esjA
zzÑ".k lfdZV% i;ZVu ea=kky; }kjk jktLFkku esa xksfoan nsoth (t;iqj)] Jh ukFkth (ukFk}kjk)] dud o`n a kou (t;iqj)] pj.k eafnj
(t;iqj)] xyrk th eafnj ifjlj (t;iqj) vkSj [kkVw';ke (lhdj) LFkyksa ds fo'oLrjh; <k¡pkxr fodkl gsrq bl izLrko dks ea”kwjh
iznku dh xbZA jkT; esa ns'kh o fons'kh i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus gsrq LVsV Vwfj”e ds 5 izkt
s Ds V dsæa h; i;ZVu ea=kky; ds ikl
Hksts tk,axsA
504
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mn~ns';% jkT; ds èkkfeZd LFkyksa ls ysdj iqjk egy ds fdyksa dh rLohj cnyukA ;s ik¡p izkstsDV bl izdkj gSaµ
Vªkbcy Vwfj”e lfdZV% blesa jkT; ds tutkrh; f”kyksa dk fodkl dj muesa i;ZVu dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk]
rkfd bu f”kyksa ds egÙoiw.kZ LFkyksa ij u dsoy ns'kh cfYd fons'kh i;ZVdksa dh Hkh la[;k c<+ ldsA
Ms”kVZ lfdZV cukus dk izLrko% ckM+esj] tSlyesj] tksèkiqj ,oa chdkusj f”kyksa esa ns'kh vkSj fons'kh i;ZVdksa dks
vkdf"kZr djus ds fy;s Ms”kVZ VwfjLV lfdZV cukus dk izLrko gSA blds rgr LFkkuh; Lrj ij lqfoèkkvksa dks
fodflr djus dk dk;Z fd;k tk,xkA ;gk¡ eafnjksa vkSj vU; iqjkus LFkyksa dk fodkl fd;k tk,xkA
,Mosapj Vwfj”e dks c<+kok nsus dk izLrko% jkT; ds i;ZVu foHkkx }kjk bldk izeks'ku fd;k tk,xkA blds
”kfj;s vtesj] tksèkiqj] t;iqj lfgr jkT; ds izeq[k 'kgjksa esa ,Mosapj dks izeksV fd;k tk,xkA blesa eq[; :i
ls Ms”kVZ liQkjh] jkWd Dykbafcax lfgr vU; ,Mosapj [ksyksa dks fodflr fd;k tk,xkA
fdyksa ds ”kfj;s i;ZVu dks c<+kok% fdyksa ds vkl&ikl vkèkkjHkwr lqfoèkk,¡] ;Fkk& ikfd±x] dSaVhu] ikuh]
'kkSpky; vkSj lwpuk dsaæ dh ubZ lqfoèkk,¡ fodflr dh tk,axh vkSj jaxjksxu dk dk;Z Hkh fd;k tk,xkA ftu
fdyksa dks fodflr djus dk izLrko ^Lons'k ;kstuk* ds rgr gS buesa eq[; :i ls bUgsa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk gSµ
ukgjx<+ fdyk (t;iqj)] tSlyesj dk fdyk] vkesj fdyk] j.kFkaHkkSj fdyk (lokbZ ekèkksiqj)] fpÙkkSM+x<+ fdyk]
xkxjksu fdyk (>kykokM+)] dqaHkyx<+ fdyk (jktlean)] [kaMkj fdyk (lokbZ ekèkksiqj)] freux<+ fdyk (djkSyh)]
rkjkx<+ fdyk (vtesj) vkSj ckyk fdyk (vyoj)A
zzubZ i;ZVu bdkbZ uhfr 2015: twu 2015 dks tkjh] uohu fuos'k ds izLrko] lkFk gh blesa izLrkfor vkfFkZd ykHk
,oa fj;k;rsa mu i;ZVu bdkb;ksa dks Hkh miyCèk gksaxh] tks iwoZorhZ i;ZVu bdkbZ uhfr 2007 ds rgr vuqeksfnr gSaA
bl uhfr esa i;ZVu {ks=k dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa dks O;kid :i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] ftuesa vc gksVy] gSfjVst
gksVy] ctV gksVy] jsLVksjsaV] dSfEiax lkbV] ekbl@duosa'ku lkbV] LiksV~l fjlksVZ] fjlksVZ] gsYFk fjlksVZ] ,E;wtesaV ikdZ]
,fuey liQkjh ikdZ] jksi os] VwfjLV yXtjh dksp ,oa Øw”k i;ZVu lfEefyr gSaA
uxjh; ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa uohu i;ZVu bdkb;ksa dk Hkwfe laifjorZu fu%'kqYd gksxkA laifjofrZr ,oa vkoafVr Hkwfe
dh yh”k jkf'k laLFkkfud iz;kstukFkZ fuèkkZfjr vkjf{kr nj ds vkèkkj ij yh tk,xhA
eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu vfHk;ku

e# izns'k dks ikuh dh leL;k ls eqfDr fnykdj fodkl dh èkkjkvksa&mièkkjkvksa dk izokg rst djus ds mn~ns'; ls
eq[;ea=kh Jherh olqaèkjk jkts dh igys ij jkT; esa pyk;k tk jgk eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu vfHk;ku (,ets,l,) vc
rd laiUu gq, pj.kksa esa vk'kkrhr liQyrk ds lkFk ,sfrgkfld miyfCèk;ksa Hkjk jgk gSA
jkT; esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa dks ty dh n`f"V ls vkRefuHkZj cukus ds fy;s eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu vfHk;ku izkjaHk fd;k
x;kA bl vfHk;ku ds rgr 4 o"kks± esa 21 gtkj xkaoksa esa ty laj{k.k ds dk;Z djokdj is;ty leL;k dk LFkk;h lekèkku
fd;k tk,xkA
vfHk;ku dk izFke pj.k 27 tuojh] 2016 dks izkjaHk fd;k x;kA blesa leLr 295 iapk;r lfefr;ksa esa 3529 xk¡oksa
dk p;u dj 95 gtkj ls vfèkd dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s x, gSaA bu ij
,d gtkj 270 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr vkbZA f}rh; pj.k 9 fnlacj]
2016 dks izkjaHk dj 295 iapk;r lfefr;ksa ds 4213 xk¡oksa esa 1,28,127
ty laj{k.k dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s x,A bu dk;ks± ij 1 gtkj 525 djksM+
#i, dh yxkr vkbZA
izns'k esa 9 fnlacj] 2016 esa eq[;ea=kh ty Lokoyacu vfHk;ku
'kgjh {ks=kksa esa Hkh lapkfyr fd;k x;kA
'kgjh {ks=kksa esa iwoZ fufeZr ckofM+;ksa] rkykcksa] tksgM+ksa] iksaM vkfn
dk th.kks±¼kj djk;k tk jgk gSA blds vykok :iQ VkWi okWVj gkosZfLVax flLVe ds fuekZ.k dks Hkh izksRlkfgr fd;k tk
jgk gSA
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izR;sd f”kys ls 2 'kgj p;fur dj 66 'kgjksa esa dk;Z djk;k x;kA buesa 62.37 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ds 1393
dk;Z gkFk esa fy;s x,A buesa ls 1356 dk;Z izkjaHk dj 1307 dk;Z iw.kZ fd;s x,A izFke pj.k esa 28 yk[k vkSj f}rh;
pj.k esa 62 yk[k ikSèkksa dk jksi.k fd;k x;kA
xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk

xk¡oksa esa vkokxeu dks vklku djus ds fy;s ljdkj }kjk xzke iapk;r esa ^xzkeh.k xkSjo iFkksa* dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk
jgk gSA xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk xzke iapk;r eq[;ky; ds ,sls eq[; ekxZ gSa] ftudk mi;ksx xk¡o dh vfèkdka'k vkcknh djrh
gSA ty fudklh ds vHkko esa ;s lM+dsa ckj&ckj {kfrxzLr gks tkrh Fkha] ftlds dkj.k yksxksa dk pyuk&fiQjuk rd
eqf'dy FkkA xk¡oksa esa xzkeh.k xkSj iFk ds fuekZ.k esa cPpksa ds gj ekSle esa Ldwy tkus&vkus rFkk vkokxeu vklku gks
x;k gSA
vc xk¡oksa esa lHkh xk¡ooklh fuckZèk :i ls vkokxeu dj ldrs gSaA nqifg;k vkSj pkSifg;k okguksa dk vkoxeu Hkh
vklku gks x;k ftlls xzkeh.kksa ds fy;s [ksy&[kfygku] fudV ds dLcs ;k vLirky rd igq¡puk vkSj xzke iapk;r ij
gksus okys dk;ks± ds fy;s tkuk&vkuk igys ls vfèkd vklku gks x;k gSA
izns'k esa lHkh xzke iapk;rksa eq[;ky;ksa ij 0.5 ls 2 fdeh- ,oa vkSlru 1 fdyksehVj rd yach lM+d dk p;u
dj mls xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk,xkA ;kstuk ds izFke pj.k esa 1 gtkj 973 xzke iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa
ij 1 gtkj 726 fdyksehVj lhlh lM+d dk fuekZ.k 869 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls iwjk gks pqdk gSA lkFk gh 1 gtkj
860 xzke iapk;rksa esa xkSjo iFk e; ukfy;ksa ds fufeZr fd;s x, gSaA
;kstuk ds f}rh; pj.k esa 2 gtkj 86 xzke iapk;rksa esa 2 gtkj 98 fdyksehVj xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk dk fuekZ.k 1253
djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls fd;k tk,xkA nwljs pj.k esa 1673 fdyksehVj yackbZ esa 1538 xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk dk fuekZ.k
vc rd fd;k x;k gS ftl ij 595 djksM+ dh jkf'k O;; gqbZA
r`rh; pj.k esa 2 gtkj 86 xzke iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij 2 gtkj 77 fdyksehVj yackbZ esa 1200 djksM+ dh ykxr ls
xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk LohÑr ,oa 209 dk;Z izkjaHk gks pqds gSaA
prqFkZ pj.k ds fy;s Hkh 436 xzke iapk;r eq[;ky;ksa ij 435 fdyksehVj yackbZ esa 261.36 djksM+ #- dh ykxr ls
xzkeh.k xkSjo iFk LohÑr ,oa 13 dk;Z izkjaHk gks pqds gSaA
egkRek xkaèkh vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk

egkRek xkaèkh vkn'kZ xzke ;kstuk] jk"Vªh;rk egkRek xkaèkh dh 150oha t;arh (o"kZ 2019) ds volj ij 27 uoacj]
2019 dks izkjaHk dh xbZA bl ;kstuk ds rgr izR;sd ftys ds ,d xk¡o dk p;u dj xkaèkhoknh ewY;ksa ds vuqlkj fodflr
fd;k tkuk gSA ;kstuk dh eq[; xfrfofèk;ksa esa tula[;k fu;a=k.k ds fy;s ifjokj dY;k.k dk;ZozQe] xHkZorh vkSj Lruiku
djkus okyh efgykvksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; ds fy;s jk"Vªh; dk;ZozQeksa esa lg;ksx] cPpksa ds LokLF; tkap vkSj Vhdkj.k]
u'kk eqDr lekt dh LFkkiuk] f'k{kk vkSj dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dk;ZozQeksa dk vk;kstu 'kkfey gSA
bl ;sktuk esa fd;s tkus okys dk;ks± esa lHkh izko`Qfrd lalkèkuksa] ,sfrgkfld èkjksgjksa] lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgjksa] èkkfeZd
LFkyksa] 'ke'kku] dfczLrku vkfn dh lqj{kk ,oa lrr~ lkekftd] lkaLo`Qfrd ,oa vkfFkZd fodkl] vkokl ,oa 'kkSpky;
miyCèk djkuk 'kkfey gSA
bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ln~Hkkouk dk ekgkSy fodflr djus gsrq izR;sd o"kZ Lora=krk fnol] egkRek xkaèkkh t;arh
vkSj x.kra=k fnol dk vk;kstu djuk gSA
jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku (vkj-th-,l-,-)

iapk;r l'kfDrdj.k vfHk;ku (ih-,l-,-) ds LFkku ij foÙkh; o"kZ 2018&19 ls jk"Vªh; xzke Lojkt vfHk;ku
(vkj-th-,l-,-) ds uke ls fozQ;kfUor dh tk jgh gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr foÙkh; izkoèkku 60 izfr'kr dsanzh;ka'k ,oa 40
506
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izfr'kr jkT;ka'k ds :i esa gSA bl ;kstuk esa fo'ks"k è;ku tu&izfrfufèk;ksa ,oa dkfeZdksa dh {kerk lao¼Zu] iapk;rh jkt
laLFkkuksa dk vkèkkjHkwr lajpukRed fuekZ.k dk;Z ,oa izfr{k.k lacaèkh xfrfofèk;ksa ij gSA o"kZ 2019&20 esa dsanzh; dk;Zdkjh
lfefr] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ` 74-97 djksM+ dh ifj;kstuk vuqeksfnr dh xbZA
LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku

LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku (xzkeh.k&'kgjh) ds ”kfj;s dsanz o jkT; ljdkj us yksxksa dks LoLFk cuk, j[kus dh fn'kk esa igy
dh gSA ekuk tkrk gS fd tgk¡ LoPNrk jgrh gS ogk¡ chekfj;k¡ ugha iQSyrh gSaA blh voèkkj.kk ds lkFk jkT; esa rs”k xfr
ls fe'ku ds rgr dk;Z gks jgk gSA izèkkuea=kh ujsanz eksnh us 2 vDVwcj] 2019 rd Hkkjr dks [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr cukus
dh ifjdYiuk dh gS] ogha jktLFkku ljdkj us o"kZ 2017-18 rd gh jkT; dks [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr djus dk y{;
fuèkkZfjr fd;k gSA vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2017-18 ds vuqlkj] jkT; esa vc rd 9891 xzke iapk;rksa esa ls fnlacj] 2017 rd
8,445 xzke iapk;rksa dks [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr ?kksf"kr dh tk pqdh gSaA ctV 2018-19 ?kks"k.kk ds vuqlkj ekpZ 2018
rd dqy 9,127 xzke iapk;rsa [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr (ODF) ?kksf"kr dh tk pqdh gSA chdkusj] vtesj] pw:] ikyh] >qa>quw¡
o fpÙkkSM+x<+ f”kys dh lHkh xzke iapk;rsa [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr ?kksf"kr dh tk pqdh gSa ,oa 18 f”kyksa esa 'kkSpky; fuekZ.k
'kr&izfr'kr iwjk gks pqdk gSA
blh izdkj LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku ('kgjh) ds rgr jkT; ds 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa Hkh ty izokgh 'kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k dj
'kgjksa dks [kqys esa 'kkSp ls eqDr djkus dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA LoPN Hkkjr fe'ku ('kgjh) ds varxZr fofHkUu
xfrfofèk;k¡ ;Fkk& O;fDrxr ?kjsyw 'kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k rFkk 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa uxjh; Bksl vif'k"V izcaèku dh xfrfofèk;k¡
lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSA 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj dqy 4,30,000 'kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk
gS] ftlds fo#¼ fnlacj] 2017 rd 2,90,425 ?kjsyw 'kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk pqdk gS ,oa 20 'kgjh LFkkuh;
fudk;ksa dks DokfyVh dkWfUly vkWiQ bafM;k ds }kjk izekf.kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA (Ïksr% vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2017-18)
vfHk;ku dks xfr nsus ds edln ls jkT; esa LFkkuh; o iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa ds pquko yM+us ds bPNqd vH;fFkZ;ksa ds
?kjksa esa 'kkSpky; dh vfuok;Zrk dk Hkh dkuwuh izkoèkku dj fn;k x;k gSA
U;k; vkids }kj vfHk;ku

bl ;kstuk ds dkj.k jkT; ds mu yk[kksa yksxksa dks okLro esa jkgr feyh gS] tks ih<+h nj ih<+h pyus okys ikfjokfjd
fooknksa o jktLo U;k;ky;ksa esa o"kks± ls yfcr eqdneksa dk na'k >sy jgs FksA
yksxksa dh O;Fkk] Je] le; vkSj èku dh cckZnh dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, jktLFkku ljdkj us ^jktLo yksd vnkyr
U;k; vkids }kj* vfHk;ku ds rgr izFke pj.k 18 ebZ] 2015
ls 30 tqykbZ] 2015] f}rh; pj.k 9 ebZ] 2016 ls 15 tqykbZ]
2016 vkSj r`rh; pj.k 8 ebZ] 2017 ls 15 tqykbZ] 2017 dh
vofèk esa pyk,A bldk prqFkZ pj.k 1 ebZ] 2018 ls 'kq: gqvk
gSA fiNys rhu o"kks± esa dqy 1 djksM+ ls vfèkd jktLo izdj.kksa
dk liQyrkiwoZd fuLrkj.k dj yk[kksa yksxksa dks jkgr iznku dh
xbZA vfHk;ku esa yksxksa dks ?kj cSBs U;k; feykA
ihf<+;ksa ds iqjkus ikfjokfjd fookn Hkh fuiVs o ifjokjksa ds
chp vkilh ln~Hkko dk;e gqvkA jkLrksa o vfrØe.kksa ds fookn
Hkh gy gq,A
vfHk;ku dk vlj ;g gqvk fd vc rd 523 xzke iapk;rksa dk jktLo okn eqDr ?kksf"kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA cM+h
la[;k esa jktLo okn fuLrkfjr gksus ls yksxksa dks vnkyrksa ds pDdj yxkus ls Hkh eqfDr feyh gSA
507
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vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkj ;kstuk
jkT; dh lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dks l'kDr cukus vkSj xzkeh.k turk dks mPp xq.koÙkk;qDr czkUMsM oLrq,¡ ck”kkj
ls lLrh ,oa izfrLièkkZRed njksa ij miyCèk djokus ds fy;s ^vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkj ;kstuk* izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA ^:jy ekWy* ds
:i esa n'ks Hkj esa fo[;kr bl vfHkuo ;kstuk us u dsoy lkoZdkfyd uokpkj ds :i esa viuh igpku dk;e dh gS
cfYd jkT; esa LoLFk o ikjn'khZ O;kikfjd izfrLièkksa dks Hkh tUe fn;k gSA
eq[;ea=kh Jherh olqaèkjk jkts us 31 vDVwcj] 2015 dks xzke xaHkkSjh (t;iqj) esa vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkj ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr
dhA izns'k esa 5 gtkj 919 vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkj liQyrkiwoZd dk;Z dj lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (ihMh,l) ds {ks=k esa
fodkl dh ubZ bckjrsa fy[k jgs gSaA vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkjksa ds tfj,
miHkksDrkvksa dks 45 rjg ds 350 ls vfèkd xq.koÙkk;qDr eYVhczkUM
mRikn miyCèk djok, tk jgs gSaA ;kstuk ds izFke pj.k esa 5919
vUuiw.kkZ HkaMkjksa ij 16.31 djksM+ #- ds ysu&nsu (VªkatsD'ku) fd,
tk pqds gSaA lkeku ij mfpr ewY; nqdkunkj dks 40 izfr'kr ykHk
izkIr gks jgk gS rFkk 'ks"k 60 izfr'kr ykHk miHkksDrkvksa dks njksa esa
NwV ds :i esa fey jgk gSA
vUuwi.kkZ HkaMkj lapkydksa dks dkjksckj gsrq jk"Vªh;Ñr cSadksa ls
izèkkuea=kh eqnzk dks"k ;kstuk esa 10 yk[k #i, rd dk ½.k Hkh miyCèk
djkus dk izkoèkku gSA ;g ns'k dk lcls cM+k m|e'hyrk vfHk;ku
Hkh gS] ftlls jkT; esa jk'ku Mhyj m+|eh cudj bl miHkksDrk vkanksyu
dks vkxs c<+kus esa viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA
dkS'ky ,oa vkthfodk fodkl

;qokvksa ds fy;s jkstxkj dks loksZPp izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, jkT; ljdkj ds u, ^dkS'ky] fu;kstu ,oa m|ferk foHkkx*
dk xBu fd;kA ;qokvksa dh jkstxkj {kerk dks varjkZ"Vªh; eap miyCèk djkus ds fy;s jkT; esa ns'k ds igys jktdh;
dkS'ky fo'ofo|ky; ^vkbZ,yMh dkS'ky fo'ofo|ky;* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
ljdkj us fofHkUu izf'k{k.k ;kstukvksa ds tfj, 2 yk[k 8 g”kkj ;qokvksa dks izf'k{k.k] 13 yk[k ls vfèkd yksxksa dks
jkstxkj ,oa Lojkstxkj ds volj iznku fd;s gSaA buesa ljdkjh {ks=k esa 1 yk[k 50 gtkj ;qokvksa dks ljdkjh ukSdfj;k¡
rFkk xSj&ljdkjh {ks=k esa yxHkx 11.50 yk[k ls vfèkd ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj ds volj miyCèk djk, x, gSaA
loZJs"B dkS'ky iznkrk jkT; ds :i esa jktLFkku dks yxkrkj 3 o"kks± rd xksYM VªkWiQh iznku dh xbZA vkj,l,yMhlh
ds dkS'ky iznkrk lsiQ ,Dlizsl ,oa ,VhMhlh dks ,lkspSe }kjk 2017 esa m|ferk ,oa efgykvksa ds izf'k{k.k ds {ks=k esa
dkS'ky iznku djus ds fy;s iqjLÑr fd;k x;k gSA
izns'k esa jkstxkj ijd dkS'ky izf'k{k.k ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; dkS'ky fodkl ds lkFk ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj ls tksM+uk gSA
;kstuk ds varxZr 1 tuojh] 2014 ls vc rd 1 yk[k 54 gtkj 700 ;qok izf'k{k.k izkIr dj ykHkkfUor gks pqds gSaA
fu;fer dkS'ky o izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; vkj,l,yMhlh ls lwphc¼ laLFkkvksa }kjk dkS'ky o izf'k{k.k nsdj buesa
ls de ls de 50 izfr'kr ykHkkfUorksa dks jkstxkj vFkok Lojkstxkj ds volj iznku djuk gSA ;kstuk esa tuojh] 2014
ls vc rd 17 gtkj 214 ;qok izf'k{k.k izkIr dj ykHkkfUor gks pqds gSaA
iafMr nhun;ky mikè;k; xzkeh.k dkS'kzY; ;kstuk esa 33 gtkj 674 xjhc ;qok izf'k{k.k izkIr dj ykHkkfUor gks pqds
gSaA jktLFkku ds yksdlaxhr] yksdu`R;] yksdok|] gSaMhØkÝVl] iQaM+ isafVax o Fksok vkVZ ds fy;s Hkh ;kstuk vkjaHk dh tk
jgh gSA
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jktLFkku laidZ iksVZy
izns'k esa vketu dh f'kdk;rksa vkSj leL;kvksa dk le;c¼ fuLrkj.k dj mUgsa jkgr nsus ds mn~ns'; ls jktLFkku
laidZ iksVZy dk vfHkuo iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
bl iksVZy ij vketu ?kj cSBs viuh f'kdk;r vkWuykbu ntZ djok ldrs gSaA blds fy;s xzke iapk;rksa] iapk;r
lfefr;ksa ,oa ftyk Lrj ij jktLFkku laidZ dsanzksa dh LFkkuk dh xbZ gSA bZ&fe=k fd;ksLd ij Hkh vketu viuh f'kdk;rsa
ntZ djok ldrs gSaA vketu dh ntZ f'kdk;rksa ds fuLrkj.k dh
tkudkjh iQksu dkWy ij nsus ds lkFk gh iksVZy ij Hkh iQhsMcSd dh
O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
laidZ iksVZy ij vc rd 17 yk[k 27 gtkj izdj.k ntZ gq, gSa]
ftuesa ls 15 yk[k 30 gtkj izdj.kksa dk fuLrkj.k dk vketu dks
jkgr iznku dh xbZA bl vfHkuo iz;ksx ls izns'k ds yk[kksa yksxksa dks
jkgr fey jgh gSA
ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; tu dY;k.k iapk;r f'kfoj

xk¡oksa esa NksVh&NksVh leL;kvksa ds fy;s yksx dHkh o"kks± ijs'kku jgk djrs Fks] ysfdu vkt mUgsa ?kj cSBs leL;kvksa
dk Rofjr lekèkku fey jgk gSA
jkT; esa 14 vDVwcj] 2016 ls lHkh iapk;r lfefr;ksa dh lehiLFk nks xzke iapk;rksa esa izR;sd 'kqØdkj dks xzkeh.kksa
dh iapk;r Lrjh; leL;kvksa dk ekSds ij gh fuLrkj.k djus ds fy;s îa- nhun;ky mikè;k; tudY;k.k iapk;r f'kfoj*
vk;ksftr fd;s x,A bu f'kfojksa esa 17 foHkkxksa ls lacafèkfr tudY;k.kdkjh dk;Z laikfnr fd;s x,A
f'kfojksa esa xzkeh.kksa dks iV~Vs tkjh djuk] gSaMiai@V~;wcoSy ejEer dk;Z] tUe] e`R;q] fookg ,oa vns;rk izek.k i=k
tkjh djus] dpjk ik=k j[kokus] Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk esa u, lnL;ksa ds ukekadu] ukekarj.k ntZ djus] jkLrksa ds fooknksa dk
fuLrkj.k] Jfedksa dk iath;u] lkekftd lqj{kk fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu] o`¼koLFkk ,oa foèkok isa'ku dh LohÑfr;k¡] fo|qr lacaèkh
izdj.kksa dk fuLrkj.k] i'kq mipkj ,oa ikSèkjksi.k vkfn dk;Z laikfnr fd;s x,A ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; tudY;k.k iapk;r
f'kfoj 9,890 xzke iapk;rksa esa vk;ksftr fd;s x,A buesa yxHkx 48 yk[k yksxksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k x;kA
jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk

ekuuh; eq[;ra=kh egksn; }kjk ^,d uacj] ,d dkMZ] ,d igpku ds mn~ns;ksa dks iw.kZ djus dh fn'kk esa ifjofrZr
ctV Hkk"k.k 2019&20 esa jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; lkoZtfud dY;k.k ds
ykHk dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dks ,dho`Qr djuk rkfd lkoZtfud dY;k.k ds YkkHk ljyrk] lqxerk ,oa ikjn'khZ :i ls
YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa rd igq¡p ldsA blds lkFk gh Hkk"k.k esa ;kstuk ds fozQ;kUo;u ds fy;s ,d Lora=k tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k dk
xBu fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.k dh xbZA bZ&fe=k ifj;kstuk dks Hkh bl izkfèkdj.k ds vèkhu yk;k tkuk visf{kr gSA
ctV ?kks"k.kk dh vuqikyuk esa ekuoh; eq[;ea=kh egksn; }kjk fnukad 18 fnlacj] 2019 dks ¶jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj
;kstuk] 2019¸ dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA ;kstuk ds eq[; mn~ns'; fuEukuqlkj gSa&
zzjkT; ds fuoklh ifjokjksa dk tu lkaf[;dh; ,oa lkekftd&vkfFkZd lwpukvksa dk MsVk csl rS;kj djuk rFkk mUgsa
¶,d uacj] ,d dkMZ] ,d igpku¸ iznku fd;k tkuk] ftls lHkh ifjokjksa ,oa muds lnL;ksa dh igpku rFkk irs
ds nLrkost ds :i esa ekU;rk iznku djkuk gSA
zzizR;{k ykHk gLrkarj.k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s] udn ykHkksa dk gLrkarj.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad [kkrksa esa rFkk xSj&udn
ykHk] tu&vkèkkj@vkèkkj vfèkizek.ku mijkar iznku djukA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzbZ&dkWelZ vkSj chek ykHkksa dk fuokfl;ksa ds ?kj ds lehi fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa foLrkj ds fy;s tudY;k.k
;kstukvksa ds izR;{k ykHk gLrkarj.k ds foLrkj djus ds fy;sA
zzjkT; bZ&fe=k ra=k dks mlds csgrj fu;a=k.k ,oa dk;ZUo;u djus ds fy;s tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds vèkhu ykukA
zzjkT; dh tula[;k dh fLFkfr dk fujarj v|ru djus rFkk okLrfod@;Fkk l;e dh tux.kuk ds j[kj[kko gsrq
jktLFkku tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds varxZr lHkh izdkj ds tu&lkaf[;dh; iathdj.k (;Fkk& tUe] e`R;q] fookg]
vkèkkj bR;kfn) ykukA
zztudY;k.k dh ;kstukvksa ds ykHkksa@lsokvksa dh izkfIr gsrq jkT; ds fuokfl;ksa dh ik=krk dk fuèkkZj.k djukA
;kstuk dk fozQ;kUo;u
zzjkT; ds lHkh fuoklh ifjokj] tu&vkèkkj dkMZ izkIr djus ds fy;s ik=k gSaA ukekafdr ifjokj dks ,d 10 vadh;
;wfud ifjokj igpku vkbZ-Mh- iznku dh tk,xh rFkk eqf[k;k lfgr ifjokj ds izR;sd lnL; dks 11 vadh; O;fDrxr
igpku la[;k Hkh iznku dh tk,xhA
zztu&vkèkkj ;kstuk ds rgr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh] eujsxk] lkekftd lqj{kk isa'ku] vk;q"eku Hkkjr] egkRek xkaèkh
jktLFkku LokLF; chek ;kstuk] tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk bR;kfn ;kstukvksa ds ykHk gLrkarj.k izkjaHk fd;s tk jgs gSA
zzjktLFkku tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk ds fozQ;kUo;u ds fy;s iz'kklfud O;oLFkk@<k¡pk fuEukuqlkj gSa&
jkT; Lrj ij% vk;kstuk foHkkx] jktLFkku tu vkèkkj ;kstuk dk iz'kklfud foHkkx gS rFkk funs'kd ,oa la;qDr
'kklu lfpo] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; ctV fu;a=k.k izkfèkdkjh gSaA jktdkWEi bUiQks lfoZlst fyfeVsM]
t;iqj ;kstuk dh fozQ;kUo;u ,tsalh gSA
ftyk Lrj ij% ftyk dysDVj ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh gS] mi@lgk;d funs'kd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh
vfrfjDr ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh vkSj mi funs'kd (,-lh-ih-) ftyk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj
foHkkx vfrfjDr ftyk tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh (rduhdh) gSA
CykWd Lrj ij% mi[kaM vfèkdkjh& CykWd tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh gSA CykWd fodkl vfèkdkjh@CykWd
lkaf[;dh vfèkdkjh& vfrfjDr CykWd tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkdkjh ,oa izksxzkej] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj
foHkkx vfrfjDr CykWd tu&vkèkkj ;kstuk vfèkDkjh (rduhdh) gSA
zztu&vkèkkj ;kstuk ds izHkkoh fozQ;kUou ds fy;s ,d Lora=k tu vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k dk xBu fd;k tk,xk] ftlds
fy;s jktLFkku tu vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k vè;kns'k] 2019 jkT; dSfcusV }kjk vuqeksfnr dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk fnukad 18
fnlacj] 2019 ls izHkkoh gSA
tu&vkèkkj iath;u ds lkFk&lkFk fuEu iath;u Hkh tu&vkèkkj izkfèkdj.k ds varxZr fd;s tk,axs&
zztUe ,oa e`R;q iath;uA
zzfookg iath;uA
zzvkèkkj iath;uA
vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ,oa fiNM+k oxZ ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzvacsMdj lacy ;kstuk&2016% ;g ;kstuk MkW- ch-vkj- vacsMdj dh 125oha t;arh ij 14 vizSy] 2016 dks CM
jkts }kjk ew¡Myk] teok jkex<+ (t;iqj) ls vkjaHk dh xbZ] ftlds rgr nfyr ;qokvksa dks dkS'ky] vkthfodk] uokpkj]
m|ferk vkSj mPp f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa izksRlkgu nsus gsrq ^vyx&vyx ;kstuk,¡* 'kq: dh xbZ gSa&
vacsMdj dkS'ky izf'k{k.k dsanz% vacsMdjihB ifjlj esa vkj,l,yMhlh ds ekè;e ls LFkkiukA blds varxZr
nfyr Nk=kksa dks fo'ks"k izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA 'kq#vkr esa vdkmafVax ,oa iwQM ,aM csojst lsokvksa ds iQkslZ
lapkfyr gksaxsA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
vacsMdj LVkVZvi ;kstuk% nfyr ;qokvksa dks lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh rFkk ubZ rduhd ,oa uokpkj vkèkkfjr m|ferk
esa izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
vacsMdj iSQyksf'ki ;kstuk% jkT; ds izfrHkkoku nfyr Nk=kksa dks ih,pMh Lrj ij vè;;u ,oa vuqlaèkku ds
fy;s vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus ds mn~ns'; ls lekt'kkL=k] yksd iz'kklu] fofèk] vFkZ'kkL=k] jktuhfr 'kkL=k ,oa n'kZu'kkL=k
fo"k;ksa esa iSQyksf'kiA izFke pj.k esa izfro"kZ dqy 6 Nk=kksa dks ykHkA
vacsMdj bysDVªkWfud baiQkWesZ'ku ykbczsjh usVodZ% vacsMdj ihB esa vè;;u djus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks uohure
vè;;u lkexzh miyCèk gks ldsxhA
vacsMdj varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk% vuqlwfpr tkfr ds izfrHkkou fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fons'k ds izfrf"Br
fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa vius Lrj ij ih,pMh esa izos'k ysus ij jkT; ljdkj }kjk izfro"kZ ik¡p 'kksèkdÙkkZvksa dks izfr
Nk=k 25 yk[k #i, rd dh lgk;rkA
MkW- ch-vkj- vacsMdj 'kksèk ps;j% ckck lkgc ds fopkjksa ij 'kksèk ds fy;s dksVk fo'ofo|ky; esa MkW- ch-
vkj- vacsMdj 'kksèk ps;j dh LFkkiukA
zzizksRlkgu ;kstuk% izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa esa p;fur lkekU; oxZ ds vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy;s jkT;
ljdkj }kjk vkjaHkA
ik=krk% vH;FkhZ jktLFkku dk ewy fuoklh gks o vkfFkZd fiNM+k oxZ ds ifjokj dk lnL; gks] ^vuqizfr ;kstuk
dk ykHk ugha ys jgk gksA vH;FkhZ ds ekrk&firk@vfHkHkkodksa dh okf"kZd vk; 2.50 yk[k ls vfèkd u gks] izfr;ksxh
ijh{kk esa vafre :i ls p;fur gks pqdk gks] vH;FkhZ }kjk IIT, IIM, AIIMS, NLV, IISC izos'k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZA
IIT, IIM, AIIMS, NLU, IISC esa izos'k ikus okys izFke 100 Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks 25,000 #i, dh ,d eqÝr
lgk;rk ,oa iz'kfLr i=k iznku fd;s tk,axsA jkT; Lrjh; izfr;ksxh ijh{kk (RAS) esa vafre p;u gksus ij izFke
100 izfr;ksfx;ksa dks 30,000 #i, dh ,d eqÝr lgk;rk nh tk,xhA IAS, IPS, IFS esa vafre p;u gksus ij izFke
50 izfr;ksfx;ksa dks 50,000 #i, dh ,d eqÝr lgk;rk nh tk,xhA
zzvacsMdj varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk
14 vizSy] 2017 dks vEcsMdj t;arh ds volj ij jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqlwfpr oxZ ds izfrHkkoku fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds fy;s vkjaHkA blds rgr Ph.D Lrj ij ns'k esa vuqlaèkku ds fy;s 5.40 yk[k #i, rd dh lgk;rk nh tk,xhA
2.50 yk[k #i, rd okf"kZd vk; okys ifjokj ds izfro"kZ p;fur 6 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks 15000 #- ekfld (3 o"kks±
ds fy;s) iSQyksf'ki iznku dh tk,xhA vacsMdj varjkZ"Vªh; Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstukarxZr Ph.D Lrj ij fons'k esa vuqlaèkku
ds fy;s izfro"kZ p;fur 5 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s 25 yk[k #i, dh iSQyksf'ki iznku dh tk,xhA
vuqizfr ;kstuk
jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqizfr ;kstuk tuojh 2005 ls 'kq: dh xbZA o"kZ 2012 esa bl ;kstuk esa O;kid ifjorZu fd;s
x,A ;g ;kstuk jktLFkku jkT; ds vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@fo'ks"k fiNM+k oxZ@vU; fiNM+k oxZ ,oa lkekU; oxZ
ds ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa ds izfrHkkou vH;kfFkZ;ksa dks fofHkUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kk,¡] tSls& Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok] jktLFkku flfoy
lsok] vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] vkbZ-vkbZ-,e-] lh-ih-,e-Vh-] ,u-vkbZ-Vh- ,oa jktdh; bathfu;fjax ,oa esfMdy vkfn esa p;u dh
rS;kjh ds fy;s vkfFkZd lgk;rk iznku dj izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
ik=krk
zzjktLFkku dk ewy fuoklh gksaA
zzvuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@fo'ks"k fiNM+k oxZ ds os vH;FkhZ] ftuds ekrk&firk@vfHkHkkodksa dh okf"kZd vk;
2.00 yk[k (nks yk[k #i,) ls vfèkd u gksA
zzvU; fiNM+k oxZ ,oa lkekU; oxZ ds ch-ih-,y- (jkT; ch-ih-,y- lfgr) ifjokj dk lnL; gksA

511
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzjktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftr jkT; ,oa vèkhuLFk lsok (la;qDr izfr;ksxh) ijh{kk esa iwoZ ls jktdh;
lsok esa dk;Zjr ugha gksA
zzjkT; ds jktdh; bathfu;fjax@esMhdy dkWystksa esa izos'k gsrq d{kk 10 + 2 esa 60 izfr'kr vad v£tr fd;s gksaA
zzvH;FkhZ us izfr;ksxh ijh{kk dk fuèkkZfjr pj.k mÙkh.kZ dj fy;k gks vFkok izos'k ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ lwphc¼ f'k{k.k laLFkku
esa izos'k ys fy;k gksA
izksRlkgu jkf'k% bl ;kstukarxZr fofHkUUk Lrj ij nh tkus okyh izksRlkgu jkf'k dk fooj.k fuEukuqlkj gS&
vf[ky Hkkjrh; flfoy jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx
fooj.k lsok ijh{kk gsrq ns; }kjk vk;ksftr ijh{kk gsrq ns;
izksRlkgu jkf'k dk fooj.k izksRlkgu jkf'k dk fooj.k
izkjafHkd ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ij 65,000 #i, 25,000 #i,
eq[; ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ij 30,000 #i, 20,000 #i,
lk{kkRdkj esa mÙkh.kZ (vafre :i ls p;u) gksus ij 5,000 #i, 5,000 #i,
;ksx 1,00,000 #i, 50,000 #i,
zzizksiQs'kuy@rduhdh ikB~;Øeksa esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ds f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa (;kstuk esa lwphc¼ laLFkkvksa) tSls IIT, IIM,
AIIMS, NIT, NLU vkfn izos'k ijh{kk esa liQy gksus rFkk laLFkku esa izos'k ysus ds mijkar vH;FkhZ dks ns; izkstsDV
jkf'k #i, 40,000 ls 50,000 gksxhA
zzjktLFkku ljdkj }kjk vk;ksftr RPMT/RPET esa liQy gksus rFkk jktdh; esfMdy@bathfu;fjax dkWyst esa izos'k
ysus ds mijkar vH;FkhZ dks ns; izksRlkgu jkf'k 10,000 #i,A
zzvH;FkhZ dks fofHkUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa mÙkh.kZ gksus vFkok f'k{k.k laLFkk esa izos'k ysus ds rhu ekg ds Hkhrj vius
x`g f”kys ds foHkkxh; f”kykfèkdkjh dks vkosnu i=k izLrqr djuk gksxkA
Hkkek'kkg jks”kxkj l`tu ;kstuk
zz;g ;kstuk Lo;a dk m|e LFkkfir djus ds bPNqd csjks”kxkjksa] efgykvksa] vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds ;qokvksa] fnO;kaxksa
dks cSadksa ds ekè;e ls Í.k miyCèk djokdj Lokoyach cukus ds fy;s izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zz;g ;kstuk 12 fnlacj] 2015 dks 'kq: dh xbZA
zz18 ls 50 vk;q oxZ ds lHkh efgyk o iq#"k] ftuds ifjokj dh okf"kZd vk; 6 yk[k ls vfèkd u gks o jktLFkku
ds ewy fuoklh O;fDr Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk gsrq ik=k gksaxsA
zzbl ;kstukarxZr izR;sd vH;kfFkZ;ksa dks mudh ifj;kstuk ds vkèkkj ij lsok O;kikj m|e ds fy;s vfèkdre ` 10
yk[k rFkk fofuekZ.k m|e gsrq vfèkdre ` 25.00 yk[k rd dk Í.k fn;k tkrk gS ,oa lHkh {ks=kksa esa 4% rd
C;kt vuqnku fn;k tkrk gSA
vYila[;dksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzmÙkj eSfVªd Nk=ko`fÙk (ih-,e-,l-) ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mís'; vYila[;d leqnk; ds fuèkZu ,oa esèkkoh
fo|kfFkZ;ksa] ftudh ikfjokfjd okf"kZd vk; ` 2-00 yk[k ls de gks rFkk xr ijh{kk esa de ls de 50 izfr'kr vad
vftZr fd;s gksa] dks mPp f'k{kk dk volj iznku djus gsrq foÙkh; lgk;rk miyCèk djokuk gSA
zzeSfjV de ehal (,e-lh-,e-) Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk dk eq[; mís'; vYila[;d leqnk; ds fuèkZu ,oa
esèkkoh fo|kfFkZ;ksa] ftudh ikfjokfjd okf"kZd vk; ` 2-50 yk[k ls de gks] dks Lukrd ,oa LukrdksÙkj Lrj ds rduhdh
,oa O;kolkf;d ikB~;Øe dh f'k{kk gsrq vYila[;d ekeykr ea=kky; }kjk foÙkh; lgk;rk miyCèk djokuk gSA
512
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fu'kDrtuksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡
zzfnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj fu;e] 2018% fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds fozQ;kUo;u gsrq jktLFkku jkti=k esa
24 tuojh] 2019 dks jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fu;e dks izdkf'kr fd;k tk pqdk gSA mDr fu;eksa ds izkoèkkuksa ds
vuqlkj fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dks ljdkjh lsokvksa esa vkj{k.k dk ykHk 3 izfr'kr ls c<+kdj 4 izfr'kr fd;k x;kA
ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu f'kfoj
jkT; esa fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu ds l'kDrhdj.k ,oa dY;k.k gsrq mUgsa fpfÉr djus dk fo'ks"k vfHk;ku pykdj mUgsa
ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu f'kfoj&2017 dk vk;kstu rhu pj.kksa esa fd;k tk
jgk gS&
fpÉhdj.k ,oa iath;u 1 twu ls 24 flracj] 2017 rd fd;k x;kA (bZ&fe=k@vVy lsok dsanz ds ekè;e ls fo'ks"k
;ksX;tuksa dk iath;u) fu%'kDrrk izek.khdj.k 25 flracj ls 12 fnlacj] 2017 rd (CykWdokj f'kfoj (dSEi) vk;ksftr
dj) fd;k tk jgk gSA Ñf=ke vax@lgk;d midj.k forj.k f'kfoj 13 fnlacj] 2017 ls 31 ekpZ 2018 rd (f”kyk
Lrj ij dSEi vk;ksftr dj) fd;k tk,xkA
Hkkjr ljdkj us fnO;kaxtu vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 2016 ds rgr fu%'kDrrk dh Jsf.k;k¡ c<+kdj 21 dj nh gSaA
lkekftd lqj{kk isa'ku ;kstuk varxZr yxHkx 4 yk[k fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dks ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA vfHk;ku dk y{;
fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dks fpÉhdj.k vkSj iath;u dj mUgsa fu%'kDrrk izek.k i=k tkjh djuk gSA blls mUgsa vko';drk vkSj
ik=krkuqlkj Ñf=ke vax vkSj lgk;d midj.k fn;s tk ldsaxsA ;kstuk ls ;s fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu ;w-Mh-vkbZ-Mh- dkMZ vkSj isa'ku]
cl] jsy ikl] ½.k] ikyugkj tSlh ;kstukvksa ls ykHkkfUor gks ldsaxsA blls bu fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dk MkVk cSl rS;kj dj
vkWuykbu Hkh fd;k tk ldsxkA
ia- nhun;ky mikè;k; fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu f'kfoj&2017 ds rgr 25 vDVwcj] 2017 rd yxHkx 8 yk[k 77 gtkj
fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dk iath;u fd;k tk pqdk gS ,oa 47,646 fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dks fu%'kDrrk izek.k&i=k Hkh tkjh fd;s tk
pqds gSaA
efgykvksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzeq[;ea=kh ,dyukjh lEeku isa'ku ;kstuk% 18 o"kZ ;k vfèkd vk;q dh foèkok@ifjR;Drk@rykd'kqnk efgyk] tks
jktLFkku dh ewy fuoklh gks rFkk jktLFkku esa jg jgh gks ,oa ftlds thou fuokZg gsrq Lo;a dh fu;fer vk; dk
dksbZ Ïksr ugha gks ,oa izkFkhZ dh leLr Ïksrksa ls dqy ok£"kd vk; 48000/- ls de gks] dks ;g isa'ku ns; gSA
zzfe'ku iw.kZ 'kfDr] ikyh% bl izkstsDV dk mn~ns'; efgykvksa dk lkekftd&vk£Fkd l'kDrhdj.k] fofHkUu ljdkjh
;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa rd mudh igq¡p laHko cukuk rFkk efgykvksa ls lacafèkr fofHkUu uhfr;ksa ,oa dkuwuksa ds fØ;kUo;u
dks lqfuf'pr djuk vkfnA Hkkjr ljdkj dk csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvks fe'ku blh ls izsfjr gSA
zzefgyk xkSjo ,Dlizsl% jktLFkku jkT;iFk ifjogu fuxe bl rjg dk iz;ksx djus okyk ns'k dk igyk fuxe gkssxkA
blds rgr jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe }kjk viuh clksa eas efgyk lqj{kk ds fy;s nSfud cVu ds lkFk&lkFk
lh-lh-Vh-oh- dSejk vkSj th-ih-,l- fOgdy VSªfdax flLVe yxkus dk iz;ksx 'kq: gqvk gSA
zzlkfo=kh ckbZ iqQys efgyk Ñ"kd l'kDrhdj.k ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; dh Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr;ksa esa
efgykvksa ds }kjk Ñf"k mit ds foØ; ds i'pkr~ bZ&Hkqxrku izkIr djus ij ^2 efgykvksa* dks fo'ks"k ykHk fn;k
tk,xkA
zzenlZ ,ClksY;wV ,isQD'ku (MAA–ek¡) ;kstuk% jkT; esa f'k'kq e`R;qnj dks de djus ,oa vkgkj Lrj dks lqèkkj dj
dqiks"k.k nwj djus ds mn~ns'; ls bl ;kstuk dks vkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zzôlqaèkjk l[kh efgyk okgu* efgykvksa dks Úh lqjf{kr ;k=kk djkus gsrq bZ&fjD'kk pyk, tkus dh igy Vksad uxj
ifj"kn }kjk dh xbZA
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Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzikyugkj ;kstuk ^f'kf{kr cpiu] lqjf{kr cpiu*% blds rgr jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk vukFk] U;kf;d izfØ;k ls
e`R;q naM@vkthou dkjkokl izkIr ekrk&firk ds cPps fujkfJr isa'ku dh ik=k foèkok ekrk ds 3 cPps] iqufoZokfgr
foèkok ekrk ds cPps] ,M~l ihfM+r ekrk@firk ds cPps] dq"B jksx ls ihfM+r ekrk@firk ds cPps] ukrk tkus okyh ekrk
ds rhu cPps@fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu ekrk@firk ds cPps@ rykd'kqnk@ifjR;Drk efgyk ds cPpksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk miyCèk
djkuk gSA
zzlg;ksx o migkj ;kstuk% foèkok efgykvksa dh iq=kh dh 'kknh ds fy;s lg;ksx nsus ds mn~ns'; ls lkekftd U;k;
,oa vfèkdkfjrk foHkkx dh vksj ls bl ;kstuk dk lapkyu fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzizlo l[kh ;kstuk% vLirkyksa esa izlwrk dh lgk;rk gsrq 2 vDVwcj] 2016 dks izkjaHkA ;g izns'k ds ljdkjh vLirkyksa
esa izlo ihM+k esa izlwrk dks u dsoy HkkoukRed lg;ksx nsxh] cfYd fMyhojh ds le; izlwrk ds lkFk Hkh jg ldsxhA
;g dk;ZØe ik;yV izkstsDV ds rgr izkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zz'kqHk 'kfDr ;kstuk% Jfedksa dh csfV;ksa dks mPp f'k{kk o fookg gsrq (55 g”kkj #i,) 1 tuojh] 2016 ls bl
;kstuk dks jkT; ljdkj ds Je foHkkx }kjk vkjaHk fd;k x;kA
Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk
jkT; eas efgykvksa ds l'kDrhdj.k ,oa foÙkh; lekos'ku gsrq loZizFke o"kZ 2008 esa Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ykxw dh xbZ
FkhA bl ;kstuk dks lHkh ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds udn o xSj&udn ykHk ds lhèks o ikjn'khZ :i ls gLrkarj.k djus ds
fy;s o"kZ 2014 esa o`gn :i ls iqu% izkjaHk fd;k x;kA ;g ;kstuk ,d ifjokj vkèkkfjr foÙkh; lekos'ku dh ;kstuk gS]
ftlesa izR;sd ifjokj dks ,d Hkkek'kkg dkMZ tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk IysViQkWeZ ds ekè;e ls fofHkUu
;kstukvksa ds varxZr xSj&udn ykHk okLrfod gdnkj ykHkkFkhZ dks forfjr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;kstuk esa efgyk dks ifjokj
dk eqf[k;k cukdj ifjokj ds cSad [kkrs muds uke ij [kksys x, gSaA ifjokj dks feyus okys ljdkjh udn ykHk ljdkj
lhèkk blh [kkrs esa ns jgh gSA foÙkh; lekos'ku dh bl rjg dh ;kstuk ykxw djus okyk jktLFkku ns'k dk igyk jkT; gSA
jkf'k lhèkk cSad [kkrs esa igq¡pkus dh O;oLFkk% Hkkek'kkg esa ukekadu ds le; ifjokj o mlds lHkh lnL;ksa dh
iwjh tkudkjh Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ls tksM+h tkrh gSA os lHkh ljdkjh ;kstuk,¡ ftudk ifjokj dk dksbZ Hkh lnL; gdnkj gS]
mudh tkudkjh isa'ku uacj tSls& ujsxk tkWc dkMZ uacj vkfn Hkh Hkkek'kkg ls tksM+ nh tkrh gSA ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk cSad [kkrk
Hkh Hkkek'kkg ls tksM+k tkrk gS] ftlls ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk isa'ku] ujsxk] Nk=ko`fr] tuuh lqj{kk vkfn r; frfFk
ij lhèks muds cSad [kkrksa esa igq¡pk nh tkrh gSA
?kj ds ikl iSls fudkyus dh O;oLFkk% bu iSlksa dks fudyokus ds fy;s ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks #is dkMZ dh lqfoèkk Hkh
nh tkrh gSA ykHkkFkhZ bl #is dkMZ dks u”knhdh ch-lh- dsanz esa iz;ksx dj vklkuh ls ;s iSls fudky ldrs gSaA cSad o
,Vh,e dh lhfer la[;k gksus dh otg ls jkT; ljdkj }kjk iwjs izns'k esa 35,000 ch-lh- dsanz LFkkfir fd;s tk pqds gSaA
ykHkkFkhZ dh ysu&nsu dh lwpuk dh O;oLFkk% ykHkkFkhZ ds [kkrs esa iSls vkus o iSls fudyokus lacaèkh gj ysu&nsu
dh lwpuk mls vius eksckby ij SMS ls fey tkrh gSA blds vfrfjDr o"kZ esa 2 ckj Hkkek'kkg }kjk forfjr ykHkksa dk
lkekftd vkWfMV fd;k tkrk gSA ykHkkFkhZ Lo;a }kjk fy;s x, ykHkksa dk fooj.k Hkh lwpuk dk vfèkdkj ,oa Hkkek'kkg
eksckby ,si ds ekè;e ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj ijs'kkuh ls feyk NqVdkjk% ykHkkFkhZ dk le; ij miyCèk u feyuk] dS'k ykHk ykHkkFkhZ rd ugha
igq¡pkuk] fdlh nwljs O;fDr }kjk lkbu djds ykHk ysuk vkfn dkj.kksa ls ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds ykHk tSls& isa'ku] Nk=ko`fr]
ujsxk jkf'k bR;kfn ik=k O;fDr;ksa dks ugha fey ikrs Fks] ftlls mUgsa dkiQh ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA Hkkek'kkg
;kstuk ls ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk iwjk udn ykHk fcuk nsjh vkSj fcuk ijs'kkuh ds lhèks ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad [kkrs esa igq¡pk;k
tk jgk gSA blds lkFk gh xSj&udn ykHk tSls&jk'ku forj.k Hkh vc ck;kseSfVªd igpku }kjk lhèks ik=k O;fDr;ksa dks fn;s
tk jgs gSaA
514
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buds vfrfjDr ukekafdr lHkh chih,y] LVsV chih,y] vaR;ksn; o vUuiw.kkZ esa p;fur ifjokjksa dh efgyk eqf[k;k
ds cSad [kkrs esa lgk;rk jkf'k ds :i esa ,d ckj 2000 #i, ,deq'r tek djok, tkrs gSaA ljdkj dh orZeku ;kstukvksa
ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfo"; esa vkus okyh ;kstukvksa dks Hkh Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ls tksM+k tk,xk] rfkd vketu dks mu ;kstukvksa
dk ykHk lhèks o fcuk fdlh nsjh ds fey ldsA
Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ds varxZr 31 fnlacj] 2017 rd 1.50 djksM+ ls T;knk ifjokjksa ,oa 5.52 djksM+ O;fDr;ksa dk
ukekadu fd;k tk pqdk gSA fofHkUu udn o xSj&udn ;kstukvksa ds ykHk Hkkek'kkg IysViQkeZ ds ekè;e ls
lapkfyr fd;s tk jgs gSaA
;kstuk ds rgr 32.55 djksM+ ds udn ,oa xSj udn ysu&nsu fd;s x, gSa vkSj 12,500 djksM+ ls vfèkd dh
jkf'k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad [kkrksa esa lhèks gLrkarfjr dh xbZ gSA
Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk dks oSèkkfud laLFkkxr O;oLFkk iznku djus gsrq jktLFkku foèkkulHkk }kjk ^jktLFkku Hkkek'kkg
(yksd dY;k.kdkjh izlqfoèkkvksa dk lhèkk varj.k vkSj lsokvksa dk ifjnku) vfèkfu;e] 2017* ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA
Hkkek'kkg ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls gLrkarfjr fd;s x, ykHkksa dks lkekftd vads{k.k fd;s tkus gsrq izR;sd xzke iapk;r
ij ebZ rFkk uoacj 2017 esa vk;ksftr xzke lHkkvksa esa iz'kklfud izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k x;kA
ih-lh-ih-,u-Mh-Vh-,DV&eq[kfcj ;kstuk
fpfdRlk foHkkx }kjk jkT; esa dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k ,oa fyax tk¡p lacafèkr xfrfofèk;ksa ij jksd yxkus gsrq bl ,DV dks
izHkkoh :i ls ykxw djus ds lkFk o"kZ 2011-12 esa êq[kfcj ;kstuk* dk vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA ;kstukarxZr Hkzw.k ds fyax
ijh{k.k ;k Hkzw.kgR;k dh iq[rk lwpuk nsus okys eq[kfcj dh xksiuh;rk j[krs gq, izksRlkgu jkf'k nh tkus dk izkoèkku gSA
vc ;g jkf'k 2.50 yk[k #i, dj nh xbZ gSA
csVh cpkvks&csVh i<+kvks
vfHk;ku izèkkuea=kh Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ^csVh cpkvksa&csVh i<+kvksa* ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk 22 tuojh] 2015 dks ikuhir
(gfj;k.kk) esa Hkkjr ds 100 f”kyksa ds fy;s fd;k x;kA f}rh; pj.k esa 61 f”kys vkSj tksM+s x, gSaA jktLFkku esa izFke
pj.k esa lcls de fyaxkuqikr okys 10 f”kys (vyoj] Hkjriqj] èkkSyiqj] t;iqj] nkSlk] >qa>quwa] lhdj] djkSyh] lokbZ
ekèkksiqj] Jhxaxkuxj) 'kkfey fd;s x,A f}rh; pj.k esa 4 f”kys (guqekux<+] Vksad] tksèkiqj] tSlyesj) vkSj 'kkfey fd;s
x, gSaA jkT; eas ;kstuk ds liQy fØ;kUo;u gsrq jkT; ,oa f”kyk Lrj ij fofHkUu tkx:drk ,oa izksRlkgu dk;ZØeksa ,oa
xfrfofèk;ksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tk jgk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i jkT; esa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr esa rs”kh ls lqèkkj gks jgk gSA
cPpksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzeq[;ea=kh fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu lEeku isa'ku ;kstuk% fdlh vk;q dk fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu O;fDr tks vaèkrk] vYi n`f"V]
pyu fu%'kDrrk] dq"B jksx ;qDr] Jo.k 'kfDr dk ßkl] ekufld eanrk] ekufld jksxh esa ls fdlh ,d vFkok
fodykaxrk ls xzflr gks] izkÑfrd :i ls cksukiu o FkMZ tsaMj gks vkSj tks jktLFkku dk ewy fuoklh gks ,oa ftldh
Lo;a dh lfEefyr okf"kZd vk; 60,000/- rd gks] mls ;s isa'ku ns; gksxhA
zznhun;ky fu%'kDr iquokZl ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k dsanz ds ekè;e ls fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa
dks lqn`<+ dj vkthfodk miktZu gsrq l{ke cuk;k tk jgk gSA
zz,fMi ;kstuk% Hkkjr ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls pykbZ tk jgh bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa o mudh vko';drkuqlkj
Ñf=ke vax@midj.k] cS'kk[kh] dsyhilZ] Oghy ps;j] VªkbZ&lkbZfdy] Jo.k ;a=k] CykbaM fLVd vkfn miyCèk djk,
tkrs jgs gSaA
zzfliM+k ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds rgr fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa ds fy;s ckèkkjfgr okrkoj.k fuekZ.k ds fy;s fyÝV] jSai] 'kkSpky;
vkfn dk fuekZ.k fofHkUu jktdh; Hkouksa esa djok;k tkrk gSA
515
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzlqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku% blds varxZr fo'ks"k ;ksX;tuksa dh lqxe vkoktkgh ,oa ckèkk jfgr okrkoj.k miyCèk djokus
ds mn~ns'; ls t;iqj 'kgj esa fLFkr 90% jktdh; Hkouksa dks fMl,cy iSQMyh cuk, tkus gsrq dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh
gSA lqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds }kjk ,d lekos'kh lekt fodflr djuk gS] ftlesa fodykax O;fDr;ksa dks mUufr rFkk
fodkl ds fy;s leku volj rFkk lqxE;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA
zzfe'ku iw.kZ 'kfDr] cw¡nh% bldk mn~ns'; cky fookg dh jksdFkke dks dsafnzr djrs gq, efgykvksa dk lkekftd
vk£Fkd l'kDrhdj.k] fofHkUu ljdkjh ;kstukvksa@dk;ZØeksa rd mudh igq¡p laHko cukuk rFkk efgykvksa ls lacafèkr
fofHkUu uhfr;ksa ,oa dkuwuksa ds fØ;kUo;u dks lqfuf'pr djuk vkfn gSA
zzjktJh miou ;kstuk% CM jkts }kjk izkjaHk] blds rgr Hkjriqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa csVh ds tUe ij 5 iQynkj ikSèks
yxkus dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ gSA
zzlk>k vfHk;ku&cky fookg eqDr jktLFkku% bl dk;ZØe dk è;s; cky fookg dh jksdFkke djuk vkSj yM+fd;ksa
dks f'k{kk ,oa muds fodkl gsrq leqfpr okrkoj.k miyCèk djuk gSA ;g ;wfulsiQ o UNFPA ds lg;ksx ls izkjaHk
fd;k x;k gSA bl eap ds ekè;e ls cky fookg izfr"ksèk gsrq tu&tkx:drk o tuHkkxhnkjh c<+kus gsrq fofHkUu foHkkx]
ehfM;k] vketu lk>k iz;kl djrs gSaA
zzxfjek ckfydk laj{k.k ,oa lEeku ;kstuk&2016% ;g ;kstuk ckfydk laj{k.k ds {ks=k esa mRÑ"V dk;Z djus okys
O;fDr;ksa ,oa laLFkkvksa dks lEekfur o iqjLÑr djus ds fy;s izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA
zzy{;@mn~ns';% fofHkUu Lrjksa ij ckfydkvksa ds izfr fgalk o 'kks"k.k ds fo#¼ vuqdj.kh; dk;Z djus okyh
laLFkkvksa@O;fDr;ksa dks ekU;rk o izksRlkgu nsuk ,oa izsj.kk Ïksr fodflr djukA
zzckyJe% tksf[keiw.kZ fu;kstuksa esa 14 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds ckydksa ds fu;kstu dks cky ,oa fd'kksj Je (izfr"ksèk ,oa
fofu;e) vfèkfu;e] 1986 ds varxZr iw.kZ :i ls izfrcafèkr fd;k x;k gS rFkk xSj&tksf[keiw.kZ fu;kstuksa esa mudh
dk;Z n'kkvksa dks fu;fer djus dk izkoèkku gSA
zzjk"Vªh; cky Je ifj;kstuk% ckyJe mUewyu dk;ZØe ds varxZr jkT; esa loZizFke t;iqj f”kys esa tSe dfVax ,oa
dkyhu m|ksx esa yxs cky Jfedksa dks f'kf{kr ,oa iquokZflr djus gsrq ;g ;kstuk LohÑr dh xbZA blds i'pkr~
vU; f”kyksa esa Hkh fofHkUu o"kks± esa LohÑr dh xbZ gSA
zzlesfdr cky fodkl lsok dk;ZØe (I.C.D.S.)% 2 vDVwcj] 1975 dks ck¡lokM+k dh x<+h iapk;r ls izkajHk]
mn~ns'; cPpksa] efgykvksa] xHkZorh ,oa nwèk fiykrh ekrkvksa dks csgrj thou dh ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djokukA
orZeku iaQfMax iSVuZ% Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ICDS esa inLFkkfir dk£edksa ds izf'k{k.k ,oa xq.kkRed mUu;u rFkk
IEC dk;ZØeksa dh izf'kf{k.k ;kstukvksa gsrq jkf'k 90 : 10 vuqikr esa vuqnku ds :i esa Hkkjr ljdkj ls izkIr
gksrh gSA
zzuUn ?kj ;kstuk% 11 ebZ] 2015 dks ikyh f”kys ls izkjaHk] blds rgr vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa dks cM+s&cM+s vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa]
dkWiksZjsV gkml dks xksn fn;k tkrk gSA futh {ks=k ds miØe daiuh lks'ky jsLiksaflfcfyVh (CSR) ds rgr vkenuh
dk nks izfr'kr lkekftd dk;ks± esa yxkus dk izkoèkku gSA
zzmn~ns';% xHkZorh efgyk rFkk xHkkZoLFkk ls 6 o"kZ dh vk;q rd ds cPpksa ds iks"k.k] LokLF;] fo|ky; iwoZ f'k{kk ds
lkFk laiw.kZ fodkl ds fy;s lalkèkuksa ds lkFk mUu;u ykuk gSA blls ekr` e`R;q nj vkSj cky e`R;q nj esa deh ykus
ds lkFk&lkFk dqiks"k.k tSlh leL;kvksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh gquj fodkl ;kstuk% ljdkjh ,oa vuqnkfur ckyxzgksa ds vkfJrksa (17 ls 21 vk;q oxZ ds cPps) dks
laLFkk vkèkkfjr thou ls lekt dh eq[;èkkjk esa lkekftd iqulZesdu rFkk ikyugkj ;kstuk ds varxZr ykHkkfUor
cPpksa dks Lokoyach cukus gsrq O;kolkf;d] rduhdh rFkk mPp f'k{kk dh lqfoèkk rFkk dkS'ky iznku djus ds fy;s
;g ;kstuk lapkfyr gSA

516
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzigy ;kstuk% jkT; esa ladVxzLr ,oa fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fyIr cPpksa dks eqDr djkus esa lg;ksx djus okys O;fDr@
xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa dks lgk;rkFkZ jkf'k iqjLdkj Lo:i fn;s tkus gsrq bl ;kstuk dks izkjaHk fd;k x;kA
zzizkstsDV vflLV% blds varxZr vukFk ,oa misf{kr cPps tks fd fdlh lkaiznkf;d] tkfrxr] }s"k] fopkjèkkjk fo'ks"k] vukFk
;k vkthfodk dekus esa vl{ke gks pqds gSa dh ns[kHkky] f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k gsrq lg;ksx fd;s tkus dk izkoèkku gSA
zzckfydkvksa dks vkRej{kk gsrq iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa dh vksj ls dkuwuh igyqvksa dh tkudkjh nh tk,xhA bl nkSjku Ldwy
o dkWyst esa efgyk iqfyl dkaLVscy dh vksj ls csfV;ksa dks vkRej{kk dk izf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xkA vfHk;ku rhu ekg
pysxk o varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol ij lekIr gksxkA
eq[;ea=kh jktJh ;kstuk
igys iq=kh dk tUe gksrs gh yksx ijs'kku gks tk;k djrs FksA mldh f'k{kk] Hkj.k&iks
eq[;ea"k.k=kh ojktJh
fookg ;ks
dhtfpaukrk,¡ yksxksa
dks lrkus yxrh FkhaA ekufldrk gh ,slh cuh gqbZ Fkh fd iq=k tUe ysxk
zztUe ij 2500 #i,
rks cM+k gksdj ifjokj dks l¡Hkkysxk rFkk iq=kh cks> cu tk,xhA bl dkj.k
zz,d o"kZ rd Vhdkdj.k gksu ij 2500 #i,
iq=kh dk tUe jksdus ds fys; vusd yksx xSj&okf”kc rjhds Hkh viukus
yxs FksA iq=kh dks tUe nsus okyh efgyk dks Hkh ifjokj esa mis{kk lgu zzizFke d{kk izos'k ij 4 g”kkj #i,
djuh iM+rh FkhA eq[;ea=kh olqaèkjk jkts us bl lkekftd fLFkfr esa cnyko zzd{kk 6 esa izos'k ij 5 g”kkj #i,
ds fy;s viuh ldkjkRed lksp vkSj nwjn`f"V dk ifjp; nsrs gq, vuwBh zzd{kk 10 esa izos'k ij 11 g”kkj #i,
êq[;ea=kh jktJh ;kstuk* dh 'kq#vkr dhA ns'k esa viuh rjg dh igyh zzckjgoha d{kk izos'k ij 25 g”kkj #i,
bl ;kstuk dk edln yksxksa dh ckfydk tUe ds izfr ekufldrk esa
cnyko ykus ds lkFk ckfydk ds LokLF; ,oa 'kS{kf.kd Lrj esa lqèkkj ykuk gSA
bl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls ckfydk ds tUe ls ysdj f'kf{kr gksus rd gksus okys [kpZ ls ifjokj dks jkgr nsus dk
vfHkuo iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ;kstuk ds rgr 1 twu] 2016 ;k mlds ckn tUe ysus okyh ckfydk ds vfHkHkkodksa dks
2500 #i, fn;s tk jgs gSaA ckfydk dh izFke o"kZxkaB ij ,d o"kZ rd dk Vhdkdj.k gksus ij 2500 #i, dh gh jkf'k
nh tkrh gSA blds ckn ljdkjh Ldwy esa izFke d{kk esa izos'k ysus ij ckfydk ds vfHkHkkodksa dks 4 g”kkj rFkk NBh
d{kk esa vkus ij 5 g”kkj #i, fn;s tkrs gSaA ljdkjh Ldwy esa d{kk nl esa izos'k djus ij 11 g”kkj #i, rFkk ckjgoha
d{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ij 25 g”kkj #i, ckfydk ds vfHkHkkodksa dks fn;s tk jgs gSaA
bl izdkj dqy ipkl g”kkj #i, dk ifjykHk ;kstuk ds rgr ns; gSA ;kuh tUe ls ysdj ckjgoha d{kk ikl djus
rd ljdkj ckfydk dk è;ku j[ksxhA ;kstuk ls ckfydk tUe ds izksRlkgu ds lkFk&lkFk mls i<+k&fy[kkdj vkRefuHkZj
cukus esa Hkh enn feysxhA ;kstuk ykxw gksus ds ckn èkhjs&èkhjs iq=kh tUe ds izfr yksxksas dh ekufldrk esa cnyko vkus
yxk gSA vkfFkZd losZ{k.k&2017-18 ds vuqlkj jkT; esa 1 twu] 2016 ls fnlacj] 2017 rd laLFkkxr tUe ysus okyh
ik=k 8,13,759 ckfydkvksa dks izFke fd'r ,oa 1,57,788 ckfydkvksa dks f}rh; fd'r ds }kjk ykHkkfUor fd;k tk pqdk gSA
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk
eq[;ea=kh olqaèkjk jkts us o"kZ 2015-16 ds ctV esa bl ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dh
'kq#vkr ckfydkvksa dks mPp f'k{kk dh izkfIr c<+kus vkSj f'k{kk gsrq izksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s dh xbZ Fkh] D;ksafd ?kj ls
Ldwyksa dh nwjh vfèkd gksus ds dkj.k ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk esa ckèkk mRiUu gksrh FkhA
orZeku esa xzkeh.k {ks=k ds jktdh; ekè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vè;;ujr d{kk 9 ls 12 dh ckfydkvksa
tks 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd nwjh ls vk jgh gS] mUgsa VªkaliksVZ okmpj dh lqfoèkk nh tk jgh gSA o"kZ 2016-17 ls xzkeh.k {ks=k
ds jkmekfo ls okafNr ladk;@fo"k; miyCèk u gksus ij fudVorhZ 'kgjh {ks=k ds fo|ky;ksa esa vè;;ujr d{kk 11 o 12
dh ckfydkvksa dks fo|ky; ls vè;;u gsrq muds fuokl LFkku ls 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd nwjh ls vkus ij vfèkdre 20
#i, izfr Nk=kk izfr fo|ky; mifLFkfr fnol ;k okLrfod O;; tks Hkh de gks] ds vuqlkj VªkaliksVZ okmpj dh lqfoèkk
miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gSA
517
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
;kstukarxZr ckfydk ,dy o lkewfgd VªkaliksVZ lqfoèkk dk ykHk ys ldrh gSA jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk 9 esa izos'k
ysus okyh leLr ckfydkvksa dks lkbZfdy ;kstuk ds varxZr ykHkkfUor djk;k tk jgk gSA Nk=kk mDr nksuksa ;kstukvksa esa
ls fdlh Hkh ,d ;kstuk dk ykHk ys ldrh gSA
zzjkT; ds 'kSf{kd n`f"V ls fiNM+s CykWDl esa vaxzsth ekè;e ds Lokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk
dh tk jgh gSA iapk;r lfefr Lrjh; Lokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy Ldwyksa esa vklikl ds xk¡oksa@<kfy;ksa ls d{kk
6 ls 12 rd dh ckfydk,¡ Hkh vè;;u gsrq vk,axhA iapk;r lfefr Lrj ij lapkfyr Lokeh foosdkuan jktdh;
ekWMy Ldwyksa esa mlh iapk;r lfefr dh ckfydkvksa dks Hkh VªkaliksVZ okmpj dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djkbZ tk jgh gSA
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk ls ykHkkfUor gksrs gq, ik=krk
zzxzkeh.k {ks=k ds vU; ekfè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa dh d{kk 9 ls 12 dh 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd dh nwjh ls
vè;;u gsrq vkus okyh ckfydk,¡A
zzxzkeh.k {ks=k ds jktdh; mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa okafNr ladk; vFkok fo"k; miyCèk u gksus ij fudVorhZ 'kgjh
{ks=k ds jktdh; fo|ky;ksa dh d{kk 11 o 12 dh 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd dh nwjh ls vè;;u gsrq vkus okyh ckfydk,¡A
zziapk;r lfefr Lrjh; Lokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy Ldwyksa esa vè;;ujr fuEufyf[kr Js.kh dh ckfydk,¡ ;kstuk
ds ykHk gsrq ik=k gksxhA
mlh iapk;r lfefr dh d{kk 6 ls 8 dh 2 fdeh- ls vfèkd dh nwjh ls vè;;u gsrq vkus okyh leLr
ckfydk,¡A
mlh iapk;r lfefr dh d{kk 9 ls 12 dh 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd dh nwjh ls vè;;u gsrq vkus okyh leLr
ckfydk,¡A
zzlkbZfdy ;kstuk ds rgr fdlh Hkh o"kZ esa ykHkkfUor gksus okyh ckfydk,¡ bl VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk ykHk ysus
gsrq ik=k ugha gksxhA
VªkaliksVZ ;kstuk ds rgr LohÑr jkf'k dh nj
zzxzkeh.k {ks=k ds jktdh; mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa okafNr ladk; vFkok fo"k; miyCèk u gksus ij fudVorhZ 'kgjh
{ks=k ds jktdh; mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vè;;ujr ckfydkvksa gsrq&
d{kk fuokl LFkku ls nwjh vfèkdre nj (izfr mifLFkfr fnol)
d{kk 11 ls 12 5 fdeh- ls vfèkd 20 #i,
zzxzkeh.k {ks=k ds jktdh; ekè;fed@mPp ekè;fed fo|ky;ksa esa vè;;ujr ckfydkvksa gsrq&

zzLokeh foosdkuan jktdh; ekWMy Ldwyksa esa vè;;ujr ckfydkvksa gsrq&

VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk lapkyu
zzVªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk lapkyu jkT; Lrj ij jktLFkku ekè;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn ,oa fo|ky; Lrj ij fo|ky;
fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) ds }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
zzfo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) ds }kjk vko';drkuqlkj Nk=kkvksa dk
lewg xBu dj izR;sd 'kS{kf.kd l=k ds izkjaHk esa iwjs l=k ds fy;s fdjk, ds okgu ls LFkkuh; lkewfgd VªkaliksVZ dh
O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA
518
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
zzfo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) ds }kjk lkewfgd VªkaliksVZ ds fy;s
ekfld fdjk, dk fuèkkZj.k djds VªkaliksVZ lqfoèkknkrk ls vius Lrj ij fuèkkZfjr jkf'k dh lhek rd O;oLFkk dh tk
ldsxhA ;fn fuèkkZfjr ekfld fdjk;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk ns; jkf'k ls vfèkd gS rks tulgHkkfxrk@Hkkek'kkg ls varj dh
jkf'k dh O;oLFkk dk iz;kl fd;k tk,xkA varj dh jkf'k fdlh Hkkek'kkg@tulgHkkfxrk ls miyCèk ugha gks ikus dh
fLFkfr esa lacafèkr Nk=kkvksa ds vfHkHkkodksa dh lgHkkfxrk ls izkIr dj O;oLFkk dh tk ldsxhA
zzvfHkHkkod }kjk lkewfgd VªkaliksVZ lqfoèkk gksus ysus dh fLFkfr esa fyf[kr esa vkosnu izLrqr djus ij Nk=kkvksa dks
fuèkkZfjr jkf'k ;k okLrfod O;; tks Hkh de gks] miyCèk djk;k tk,xkA
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk foÙkh; izcaèku
zzVªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk ds lapkyu gsrq jkT; ljdkj }kjk jktLFkku ekè;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn dh fd'rksa esa jkf'k miyCèk
djkbZ tk,xhA
zzjktLFkku ekè;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn }kjk fo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC)
dks jkf'k dh lrr~ miyCèkrk lqfuf'pr dh tkosxhA
zzVªkaliksVZ okmpj gsrq jkT; ljdkj ls vfxze jkf'k tkjh dh tkrh gS ysfdu fdlh dkj.k ls nsjh gksrh gS] rks laLFkkizèkku
fo|ky; ds fodkl dks"k@fo|kFkhZ dks"k ls vfxze Hkqxrku djsxk rFkk ifj"kn ls jkf'k izkIr gksus ij lek;kstuk fd;k
tk,xkA
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk ds rgr Hkqxrku dh izfØ;k
zzik=k Nk=kkvksa@muds vfHkHkkodksa }kjk VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk ykHk izkIr djus gsrq fuèkkZfjr layXu izk:i esa vkosnu
i=k izLrqr djuk gksxkA
zzlaLFkk izèkku }kjk vkosnu i=k esa fn;s x, rF;ksa dh tk¡p dj VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dk ykHk nsus gsrq fu.kZ; dj
fo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) dks voxr
djk;k tk,xkA
zzfo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) }kjk VªkaliksVZ lqfoèkknkrk dks O;oLFkk
ds vuqlkj fuèkkZfjr jkf'k dk ,d eq'r ekfld Hkqxrku jkT; ljdkj ls izkIr jkf'k esa ls fu;ekuqlkj fd;k tk,xkA
zz;fn Nk=kkvksa }kjk VªkaliksVZ dh O;oLFkk vius Lrj ls dh tkrh gS rks fo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/
fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) }kjk okLrfod fdjk;k vFkok fuèkkZfjr jkf'k tks Hkh de gks] mldk ,d ekg dk
vfxze Hkqxrku Nk=kkvksa dks fd;k tk ldsxkA
zzNk=kkvksa dks nh xbZ vfxze jkf'k dk lek;kstu LohÑr jkf'k dh lhek ds rgr vxys ekg esa fd;k tk,xkA
zz,lMh,elh@,l,elh }kjk Nk=kkvksa dks fd;k tkus okyk Hkqxrku muds Hkkek'kkg [kkrk@cpr [kkrs esa tek djk;k
tk,xkA udn jkf'k forfjr ugha dh tk,A
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dh ekWuhVfjax ,oa i;Zos{k.k
VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk dh ekWuhVfjax ,oa i;Zos{k.k fuEukuqlkj fd;k tk,xk&
zzjkT; Lrj& jktLFkku ekè;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn] }kjkA
zzf”kyk Lrj& jktLFkku ekè;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn dh ftyk dysDVj dh vè;{krk esa xfBr ftyk Lrjh; fu"iknd lfefr
}kjkA
zzfo|ky; Lrj& fo|ky; fodkl ,oa izcaèku lfefr (SDMC)/fo|ky; izcaèku lfefr (SMC) }kjkA
SDMC }kjk izR;sd ekg dh 10 rkjh[k rd layXu izk:i esa izxfr dh lwpuk f”kys ds ekè;e ls ifj"kn dks
fHktok;h tkuh gSA l=k 2015-16 esa ftyksa esa VªkaliksVZ okmpj ;kstuk ds varxZr 'ks"k jkf'k dk mi;ksx l=k 2016-17 esa
dj ldsaxsA
519
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501
eq[;ea=kh gekjh csVh ;kstuk
esèkkoh VkWij Nk=kkvksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsus ds fy;s ,oa ckfydkvksa ds f'k{kk ds Lrj dks mPp djus ds edln
ls bl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA dqN csfV;k¡ vkfFkZd :i ls de”kksj gksus dh otg ls viuh i<+kbZ ds lius dks
lkdkj ugha dj ikrh gSa vkSj fiNM+ tkrh gSaA blh dks ns[krs gq, bl ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk gqvkA
bldh 'kq#vkr csfV;ksa dks le`¼ cukus ,oa mudks mPp f'k{kk ds fy;s izsfjr djus ds fy;s dhA blds varxZRk
ekè;fed f'k{kk cksMZ dh nloha dh ijh{kk esa gj f”kys dh rhu esèkkoh csfV;ksa dks êq[;ea=kh gekjh csVh ;kstuk* ds rgr
2.25 yk[k #i, (izR;sd Nk=kk dks) dh foÙkh; lgk;rk feysxhA ljdkj us jkT; ds gj f”kys esa nks esèkkoh o ,d
chih,y ifjokj dh esèkkoh csVh dks bl ;kstuk ds rgr foÙkh; lgk;rk nsus ds funsZ'k fn;s gSaA
blds varxZr p;fur Nk=kkvksa dks d{kk 11-12 esa izfro"kZ 15000 #i, rFkk mlds ckn mPp vè;;u ds fy;s
25000 #i, lkykuk ,deq'r f'k{k.k lkexzh ds fy;s vkSj d{kk 11-12 ds fy;s 1 yk[k] mlds ckn mPp f'k{kk ds
fy;s 2 yk[k #i, dksfpax Nk=kkokl 'kqYd ds fy;s ckfydk f'k{kk iQkmaMs'ku }kjk miyCèk djk, tk,axsA ;g ;kstuk o"kZ
2014-15 ls py jgh gSA
zzfu%'kqYd lSusVjh uSifdu forj.k ;kstuk% jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk xzkeh.k {ks=k dh lHkh Ldwy tkus okyh d{kk&6
ls 12 rd dh fd'kksjh ckfydkvksa ,oa ch-ih- ,y- ifjokjksa dh Ldwy ugha tkus okyh 10 ls 19 o"kZ rd dh
fd'kksfj;ksa dks fu%'kqYd lSusVjh uSifdUl miyCèk djkus dh ;kstuk izkjaHk dh xbZA ;kstuk ds varxZr jkT; esa xzkeh.k
{ks=k dh Ldwyh fd'kksjh Nk=kkvksa ,oa ch-ih-,y- ifjokjksa dh Ldwy ugha tkus okyh ckfydkvksa gsrq lSusVjh uSifdUk
forj.k dk izFke pj.k iw.kZ gks pqdk gSA o"kZ ds nkSjku bl ;kstuk esa yxHkx 26.81 yk[k fd'kksjh ckfydk,¡ ykHkkafor
gks jgh gSaA
o`¼tuksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzjktLFkku o`¼kJe ;kstuk% o`¼tuksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk iznku djus gsrq f”kyk ,oa rglhy eq[;ky;ksa ij ;g ;kstuk
ykxw dh xbZA
zzeq[;ea=kh o`¼tu lEeku isa'ku ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 55 o"kZ ;k blls vfèkd vk;q dh efgyk rFkk 58
o"kZ ;k blls vfèkd vk;q dk iq#"k tks jktLFkku dk ewy fuoklh gks rFkk jktLFkku esa jg jgk gks ,oa ftlds thou
fuoZgu gsrq Lo;a ,oa iRuh@ifr dh fu;fer vk; dk dksbZ Ïksr ugha gks vFkok izkFkhZ ,oa iRuh ,oa ifr dh leLr
Ïksrksa ls dqy ok£"kd vk; 48000/- ls de gks] dks ;g isa'ku iznku dh tkrh gSA
o`Q"kdksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzeq[;ea=kh cht Lokoyacu ;kstuk&2017 : izns'k esa fdlkuksa dks Lo;a ds mi;ksx ds fy;s cht mRiknu dks izksRlkgu
nsus ds fy;s ljdkj us eq[;ea=kh cht Lokoyacu ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ik;yV rkSj ij igys pj.k esa bl ;kstuk
dks dksVk] HkhyokM+k] mn;iqj Ñf"k [kaMksa esa 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
zzXykscy jktLFkku ,xzhVsd ehV&2016: jkT; esa igyh ckj fnukad 9-11 uoacj] 2016 dks t;iqj ,D”khfc'ku ,aM
duosa'ku lsaVj] lhrkiqjk esa vk;kstuA
zzmn~ns';% ^mUur fdlku vkSj [kq'kgky jktLFkku* dk liuk iwjk djus rFkk fdlkuksa dh vk; o"kZ 2022 rd nksxquh
dj Ñf"k {ks=k dks ubZ Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pkus dh fn'kk esa vxzljA
zze`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk% 19 iQjojh] 2015 dks Jh xaxkuxj f”kys ds lwjrx<+ esa lkW;y gSYFk dkMZ Ldhe
dk 'kqHkkjaHkA
blds rgr fdlku ds [ksr ls feV~Vh ysdj tk¡p dh tk,xh vkSj crk;k tk,xk fd fdl ph”k dh deh gS vkSj
dkSu&lh [ksrh mi;qDr gSA feV~Vh esa miyCèk ukbVªkstu] iQkWLiQksjl] ykSg] f”kad] rkack] lYiQj rÙoksa ds fdV
miyCèk djok, tkus gsrq ;kstuk cukbZ tk,xhA
520
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zzfdLer [(Knowledge integrated skill modal for agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry training
(KISMAT)] ;g ;kstuk Ñf"k] ckxokuh ,oa i'kqikyu esa jks”kxkj ds volj dh laHkkoukvksa ds rgr 14 djksM+ 50
yk[k #i, dh ykxr ls izns'k ds gj f”kys esa ykxw dh tk,xhA
zzizèkkuea=kh iQly chek ;kstuk% 15 tqykbZ] 2016 ls vkjaHkA blds rgr xSj okf.kfT;d ,oa m|kfudh iQlyksa ds
fy;s dqy chek jkf'k dk egt 2% izhfe;e gh fdlkuksa dks nsuk gksxkA
zzo`Q"kd dY;k.k dks"k% fdlkuksa ds fy;s [ksrh djus esa vklkuh gsrq ` 1]000 djksM+ ds dks"k dk xBu 16 fnlacj]
2019 dks fd;k x;kA
zzo`Qf"k foi.ku cksMZ% jkT; esa ,d O;kid uhfr ¶jktLFkku o`Qf"k izlaLdj.k] o`Qf"k O;olk; ,oa o`Qf"k fu;kZr izksRlkgu
uhfr&2019¸ fnukad 17 fnlacj] 2019 ls izkjaHk dh xbZ gSA bl ;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEu izdkj gSa&
lewg vkèkkfjr dk;Z iz.kkyh }kjk iQly dVkbZ ds ckn dh gkfu;ksa dks de djukA
o`Q"kdksa ,oa muds laxBuksa dh lgHkkfxrk c<+kukA
o`Q"kdksa ,oa muds laxBuksa dh vkiwfrZ ,oa ewY; laoèkZu Üka`[kyk esa izR;{k Hkkxhnkjh c<+krs gq, mudh vk; esa o`f¼
ds mik; djukA
jkT; dh mRiknu cgqyrk okyh fof'k"B iQlyksa tSls& thjk] èkfu;k] lkSaiQ] vtokbu] Xokj] bZlcxksy] nygu]
frygu] esganh] fdUuw] lsUuk] vukj ,oa rktk lfCt;ksa vkfn ds ewY; laoèkZu rFkk fu;kZr dks izksRlkgu nsukA
e`nk LokLF; dkMZ ;kstuk
dsanz ljdkj dh o"kZ 2014-15 ls ykxw lkW;y gSYFk dkMZ ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaHk izèkkuea=kh Jh ujsanz eksnh us 19 iQjojh]
2015 dks Jhxaxkuxj f”kys ds lwjrx<+ ls fd;k x;k FkkA vc bls lHkh f”kyksa esa lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA
larqfyr [kkn ,oa moZjdksa ds iz;ksx ls izfr bdkbZ xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vfèkd mRiknu izkIr djus dh n`f"V ls e`nk ijh{k.k
dk;ZØe lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA jkT; esa dk;Zjr 32 foHkkxh; e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds vfrfjDr 55 uohu e`nk
ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ fodflr dh xbZ gSaA bu uohu iz;ksx'kkykvksa ,oa iwoZ esa ihihih vkèkkj ij dk;Zjr 14 iz;ksx'kkykvksa]
dqy 69 iz;ksx'kkykvksa dks vkmVlkslZ ds vkèkkj ij lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA
bl izdkj jkT; esa dqy 101 fLFkj e`nk iz;ksx'kkyk,¡ 10.40 yk[k uewus izfro"kZ fo'ys"k.k {kerk ds vuqlkj fodflr
dh xbZ gSaA jkT; esa 78 yk[k Ñ"kdksa dks e`nk LokLF; dkMZ miyCèk djk, x, gSaA
Jfedksa ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzHkkek'kkg fuekZ.k Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk&2016% 1 tuojh] 2016 ls izkjaHk dh xbZ ;g ;kstuk Jfedksa@fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa
rFkk muds vkfJrksa ds lkekftd ,oa vk£Fkd l'kDrhdj.k ds fy;s ,d cgqvk;keh ;kstuk gSA blds varxZr 5 ;kstuk,¡
lEefyr dh xbZ gSa] tks bl izdkj gSaµ
fuekZ.k Jfed f'k{kk o dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk% blesa fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa ds cPpksa dks dkS'ky fodkl 'kfDr
;kstuk ds varxZr ns; Nk=ko`fÙk@izksRlkgu jkf'k esa 2 ls 8 xq.kk c<+ksrjh djrs gq, ,dhÑr ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gS]
ftlds varxZr fuEukuqlkj Nk=ko`fÙk@izksRlkgu jkf'k ns; gSµ d{kk 6 ls 8 rd ds Nk=k dks 8,000/- o Nk=kk@fo'ks"k
;ksX;tu dks 9,000/-] d{kk 9 ls 12 ds Nk=k dks 9,000/- o Nk=kk@fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu 10,000/-] ITI Nk=k dks
9,000/- o Nk=kk@ o Nk=kk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku 10,000/-] fMIyksek Nk=k dks 10,000/- o Nk=kk@fo'ks"k dks 11,000/-]
Lukrd (lkekU;) Nk=k dks 13,000/- o Nk=kk fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu dks 15,000/-] Lukrd (izksisQ'kuy) Nk=k dks
18000/- o Nk=kk dks 20,000/- dh jkf'k ls lgk;rk nh tkrh gSSA
fuekZ.k Jfed lqyHk vkokl ;kstuk% blds varxZr vkokl izkIr djus ds fy;s vFkok Lo;a ds vkokl fuekZ.k
ds fy;s vfèkdre ` 1.50 yk[k dh lhek rd dk vuqnku fd;s tkus dk izkoèkku gSA
521
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fuekZ.k Jfed LokLF; chek ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr ljdkjh o futh vLirkyksa esa lkekU; chekfj;ksa
esa ` 30 g”kkj rFkk fpfÉr chekfj;ksa eas ` 3 yk[k rd ds fu%'kqYd varjax bykt dh lqfoèkk miyCèk gksxhA
fuekZ.k Jfed thou o Hkfo"; lqj{kk ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk vius cSad [kkrksa ds
ekè;e ls izèkkuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk] izèkkuea=kh thou T;ksfr chek ;kstuk rFkk vU; isa'ku ;kstuk ds fy;s
tek djkbZ xbZ ok£"kd izhfe;e jkf'k rFkk va'kokn (` 1000 ekfld izkIr djus gsrq) jkf'k dk 50 ls 100 izfr'kr
rd eaMy }kjk iqudZj.k fd;k tk,xkA
'kqHk'kfDr ;kstuk% blds varxZr fgrkfèkdkfj;ksa dh o;Ld o vfookfgr iqf=k;ksa@vfookfgrk efgykvksa dks l'kDr]
vkRefuHkZj rFkk m|eh cukus ds mn~ns'; ls izksRlkfgr djus gsrq ;g ;kstuk 1 tuojh] 2016 dks ykxw dh xbZA
zzegkRek T;ksfrckiQqys eaMh Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk% ;g ;kstuk izns'k dh Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr;ksa esa
dk;Zjr Jfedksa dh lgk;rk gsrq gS] ftls 11 vizSy] 2015 dks vkjaHk fd;k x;kA blesa iznku dh tkus okyh lgk;rk bl
izdkj gksxhµ izlwfr lgk;rk] fookg ds fy;s lgk;rk] Nk=ko`fÙk@esèkkoh Nk=k iqjLdkj ;kstuk] fpfdRlk lgk;rk bR;kfnA
egkRek T;ksfrck iqQys eaMh Jfed dY;k.k ;kstuk
eaMh izkax.k esa dk;Zjr vuqKfIrèkkjh gEekyksa ,oa iYysnkjksa dh lgk;rkFkZ egkRek T;ksfrck iqQys eaMh Jfed dY;k.k
;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr 11 vizSy] 2015 esa dh xbZ FkhA
zzbl ;kstuk ds rgr Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr ds ,sls vuqKfIrèkkjh gEeky ,oa iYysnkj dks lgk;rk izkIr djus dh
ik=krk gksxh] ftudh vuqKkfIr Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr }kjk de&ls&de ,d foÙkh; o"kZ iwoZ LohÑr dh xbZ gks vkSj
os Ñf"k mit eaMh lfefr esa gEeky ,oa iYysnkj dk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
zz;kstuk ds rgr miyCèk djk, tkus okyh lgk;rk] ;Fkk& fookg] izlwfr ,oa Nk=ko`fÙk nks cPpksa dh lhek rd ns;
gksxhA bl lacaèk esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk tkjh funsZ'kksa dh ikyuk esa gh lgk;rk ns; gksxhA
zz;kstuk ds varxZr gEeky ,oa iYysnkj vuqKfIrèkkjh dks fuEukuqlkj lgk;rk miyCèk djkbZ tk,xh&
izLkwfr lgk;rk% efgyk Jfed dks vfèkdre nks izLkwfr;ksa ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk Jfed ds :i esa fuèkkZfjr
izpfyr e”knwjh nj vuqlkj 45 fnol dh e”knwjh ds lerqY; lgk;rk jkf'k dk Hkqxrku gksxkA lkFk gh iq#"k
Jfed dks fir`Ro vodk'k ds :i esa 15 fnu dh e”knwjh lerqY; lgk;rk iznku dh tk,xhA
fookg ds fy;s lgk;rk% vuqKfIrèkkjh efgyk ds fookg ,oa mldh nks iqf=k;ksa dh lhek rd ` 50,000 fookg
lgk;rk ns; gksxhA lgk;rk ds fy;s lacafèkr vuqKfIrèkkjh }kjk fuèkkZfjr izk:i esa fookg ds 10 fnu iwoZ vkosnu
izLrqr djsxkA
Nk=ko`fÙk@esèkkoh Nk=k iqjLdkj ;kstuk% gEekyksa vkSj iYysnkjksa ds esèkkoh csVs&csfV;ksa dks f'k{kk ds izfr izksRlkfgr
djus ds fy;s Nk=ko`fÙk Hkh nh tk,xhA izR;sd Nk=k@Nk=kk tks izFke Js.kh vad ikrk@ikrh gS ,oa ftlds vfHkHkkod
eaMh esa vuqKki=kèkkjh gEeky ;k iYysnkj gSa dks fuEufyf[kr esèkkoh Nk=ko`fÙk nh tk,xhA
d{kk Nk=k Nk=kk
10oha esa
zz80% ls vfèkd vad ` 3000/- ` 3500/- ,deq'r
zz70% ls 80% rd ` 2000/- ` 2500/-
12oha esa
zz90% ls vfèkd vad ` 5000/- ` 6000/- ,deq'r
zz80%–90% rd ` 4000/- ` 5000/-
` 3000/- ` 4000/-
zz70%–80% rd
Lukrd esa 60% ls vfèkd vad ` 4000/- ` 5000/- ,deq'r
LukrdksÙkj esa 60% ls vfèkd vad ` 5000/- ` 6000/- ,deq'r

522
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zz;g iqjLdkj ;FkklaHko ik=krk LFkkfir gksus ds rhu ekg esa ns; gksxkA
fpfdRlk lgk;rk% vuqKfIrèkkjh gEeky vFkok iYysnkj dks xaHkhj chekjh (dSalj] gkVZ vVSd] yhoj] fdMuh
vkfn ls lacafèkr) gksus dh n'kk esa ljdkjh vLirky@LokLF; dsanzksa esa Hkjrh jgus ij fpfdRlk O;; dh izfriwfrZ
vfèkdre ` 20,000/ &(chl g”kkj ek=k) dh lhek rd LohÑr dh tk,xhA ;g lgk;rk jktho xkaèkh Ñ"kd
lkFkh lgk;rk ;kstuk ,oa vU; fdlh ;kstuk ds varxZr ns; lgk;rk ds vfrfjDr gksxh
bl ;kstuk esa o"kZ 2017-18 esa fnlacj] 2017 rd 404 eaMh e”knwjksa dks ` 88.86 yk[k forfjr fd;s x, gSaA
de”kksj oxks± ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

zzeq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd tk¡p ;kstuk% ;g ;kstuk jktdh; vLirkyksa esa laiw.kZ mipkj miyCèk djkus ds mn~ns'; ls
iz;ksx'kkykvksa dh {kerk c<+kus ,oa vU; tk¡p lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkus ds fy;s LokLF; lqj{kk ;kstuk ds :i esa
êq[;ea=kh fu%'kqYd tk¡p ;kstuk* pj.kµc) rjhds ls ykxw dh xbZ gSA ;g ;kstuk ek=k tk¡pksa dks fu%'kqYd miyCèk
djokus ds fy;s gh ugha] vfirq bl ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls jktLFkku ds leLr jktdh; fpfdRlky;ksa ij tk¡p lsokvksa
dk lqn`<+hdj.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA fnlacj 2017 rd 17.90 djksM+ tk¡psa dh tk dj 9.41 djksM+ yksxks dks bl ;kstuk
esa ykHkkfUor fd;k tk pqdk gSA
zzeq[;ea=kh ;qok lacy ;kstuk% bl ;kstuk ds rgr f'kf{kr csjks”kxkj ;qokvksa ds fy;s csjks”kxkjh HkÙkk c<+k;k x;k gSA
la'kksfèkr HkÙkksa ds rgr ik=k iq#"k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks ` 3]000 izfrekg vkSj ik=k efgykvksa] VªkaltsaVj vkSj fo'ks"k ;ksX;tu
dks ` 3]500 izfrekg csjks”kxkjh HkÙkk fn;k tk jgk gSA ;kstuk ds varxZr 31 fnlacj] 2019 dks 1]59]728 ykHkkFkhZ
HkÙkk izkIr dj jgs gSaA
zzizèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk xzkeh.k&2017% CM jkts }kjk 18 ekpZ] 2017 dks ck¡lokM+k ls bl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr
dh xbZA bl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; esa 6.75 yk[k ifjokjksa dks nks o"kks± esa jgus gsrq Lo;a dk ?kj fey ldsxkA bl
;kstuk dk izeq[k y{; gS 2022 rd izR;sd O;fDr dks viuk iDdk ?kj eqgS;k djkukA
CM jkts }kjk 9 ebZ] 2015 dks lkekftd lqj{kk gsrqµ (i) izèkkuea=kh lqj{kk chek ;kstuk] (2) thou T;ksfr chek
;kstuk] (3) vVy isa'ku ;kstuk dh jktLrjh; ykWfUpax dhA
fujkfJr oxks± ls lacafèkr ;kstuk,¡

eq[;ea=kh ikyugkj ;kstuk
vukFk cPpksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k] f'k{kk vfkn dh O;oLFkk miyCèk djokus ds fy;s bl ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; vukFk cPpksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k] f'k{kk vkfn dh O;oLFkk laLFkkxr ugha dh tkdj lekt ds Hkhrj
gh ckyd@ckfydk ds fudVre fj'rsnkj@ifjfpr O;fDr ds ifjokj esa djus ds fy;s bPNqd O;fDr dks ikyugkj cukdj
jkT; dh vksj ls ikfjokfjd ekgkSy esa f'k{kk] Hkkstu] oL=k ,oa vU; vko';d lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkuk gSA
8 iQjojh] 2005 ls ykxw ;g ;kstuk vkjaHk esa vuqlwfpr tkfr ds vukFk cPpksa gsrq lapkfyr dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa
le;≤ ij la'kksèku dj vU; Jsf.k;ksa dks Hkh tksM+k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk esa orZeku esa bl vuqlkj fuEu Jsf.k;ksa dks
ykHkkfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA
zzvukFk ckyd@ckfydkA
zzU;kf;d izfØ;k ls e`R;q naM@vkthou dkjkokl izkIr ekrk&firk dh larkuA
zzfujkfJr isa'ku dh ik=k foèkok ekrk dh vfèkdre rhu larkusaA
zziquZfookfgr foèkok ekrk dh larkuA
zz,M~l ihfM+r ekrk@firk dh larkuA
523
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zzdq"B jksx ls ihfM+r ekrk@firk ds cPpsA
zzukrk tkus okyh ekrk dh vfèkdre rhu larkusaA
zzfodykax ekrk&firk dh larkuA
zzrykd'kqnk@ifjR;Drk efgyk dh larkuA
ikyugkj ifjokj dh okf"kZd vk; 1.20 yk[k #i, ls vfèkd ugha gksuh pkfg;sA eq[;ea=kh ikyugkj ;kstukarxZr ,sls
vukFk cPpksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k] f'k{kk vkfn ds fy;s ikyugkj dks vuqnku miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA ikyugkj ifjokj dh
okf"kZd vk; 1.20 yk[k #i, ls vfèkd ugha gksuh pkfg;sA ,sls vukFk cPpksa dks 2 o"kZ dh vk;q esa vkaxuckM+h dsanz ij
rFkk 6 o"kZ dh vk;q esa Ldwy Hkstuk vfuok;Z gSA
izR;sd vukFk cPps gsrq ikyugkj ifjokj dks 5 o"kZ dh vk;q rd ds cPps gsrq 500 #i, izfrekg dh nj ls rFkk
Ldwy esa izosf'kr gksus ds ckn 18 o"kZ dh vk;q iw.kZ djus rd 1000 #i, izfrekg dh nj ls vuqnku miyCèk djk;k
tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr oL=k] twrs] LosVj ,oa vU; vko';d dk;Z gsrq 2000 #i, izfro"kZ (foèkok ,oa ukrk dh Js.kh
dks NksM+dj) izfr vukFk dh nj ls okf"kZd vuqnku Hkh miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA ikyugkj ifjokj dks mDr vuqnku vkosnu
djus ij 'kgjh {ks=k esa foHkkxh; f”kyk vfèkdkjh }kjk ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=k esa lacafèkr fodkl vfèkdkjh }kjk LohÑr fd;k
tkrk gSA
eq[;ea=kh tu vkokl ;kstuk
izns'k esa vkokl dh deh dks ns[krs gq, 1 vDVwcj] 2015 dks jktLFkku ljdkj us cgqr gh egÙoiw.kZ êq[;ea=kh
tu vkokl ;kstuk&2015* fØ;kfUor dh gSA bl ;kstuk ds }kjk vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ ds yksxksa ds Åij è;ku
fn;k tk,xkA bldk eq[; mn~ns'; iwjs izns'k esa lHkh yksxksa dks vkokl dh lqfoèkk miyCèk djokuk gSA rFkk futh MsoyilZ
vkSj ljdkjh fudk;ksa dks jkT; esa fdiQk;rh vkokl fuekZ.k ds fy;s vkdf"kZr djuk gSA
;kstuk ds eq[; fcanq
zzvkosnd jktLFkku dk ewy fuoklh gksA
zzvkosnd 18 o"kZ dh vk;q iwjh dj pqdk gksA
zzbl ;kstuk esa ifr@iRuh esa ls ,d gh vkosnu dj ldrk gSA
zzbl ;kstuk esa jkT; }kjk izèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ds varxZr vkfFkZd :i ls detksj ,oa vYi vk; oxZ ds fd;s
vuqnku jkf'k ,oa fj;k;rh ½.k vuqnku dk izkoèkku Hkh LohÑr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
zzHkkjr ds fdlh vU; jkT; esa jgus okyk O;fDr@ukxfjd tks ml 'kgj esa de ls de 1 o"kZ ls jgk gks] og Hkh
vkosnu ds fy;s ik=k gksxkA
zzorZeku esa vkosnd ds ifjokj dks leLr Ïksrksa dks feykdj vk; vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS) ds fy;s 1.5
yk[k #i, ls c<+kdj 3 yk[k #i, rFkk fuEu vk; oxZ dh (LIG) okf"kZd vk; lhek dks 3 yk[k ls c<+kdj 6
yk[k #i, dj nh xbZ gSA eq[;ea=kh us bls eatwjh Hkh ns nh gSA blls vc bl ;kstuk ds rgr 6 yk[k #i, lykuk
vk; okys yksx Hkh vkf'k;kus (?kj@edku) ds ,oa C;kt esa lfClMh ds gdnkj gksaxsA ;s vkokl dkjisV ,fj;k ds
vkèkkj ij gh feysxkA
zzvkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ (EWS) vkokl % 30 oxZ ehVjA
zzfuEu vk; oxZ (LIG) vkokl % 60 oxZ ehVjA
zzjktLFkku ds fdlh Hkh ,sls 'kgj esa ftldh tula[;k 1 yk[k ,oa mlls vfèkd gks] esa vkosnd (ifr@iRuh@vkfJr)
ds uke vkcknh Hkw&[kaM@vkokl ÝySV (yht gksYM@Úh gksYM) ij u gksA
zzvkokl fuekZ.k ds fy;s bl ;kstuk ds varxZr fuEu LFkkuksa dh igpku dh xbZ gSA tSls& lwjrx<+] guqekux<+] egyk
(t;iqj)] cMyh (tksèkiqj) rFkk mn;iqjA
524
Contact- 011-47532596, 8750187501

01 Ras डीएलपी अपडेटेड कंटेंट (पीडीएफ) (Part-1)

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01 Ras डीएलपी अपडेटेड कंटेंट (पीडीएफ) (Part-1)

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viMs'ku&A

(u, ,oa iqjkus ikB~;Øe ds fo'ys"k.k ij vkèkkfjr)

HkkSxksfyd vofLFkfr (Geographical Location)

Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa@dsanz'kkflr izns'kksa dh lhek ls layXu ns'k

Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dh jktèkkfu;k¡

dsanz'kkflr çns'k jktèkkuh dsanz'kkflr çns'k jktèkkuh

izkÑfrd ouLifr;ksa ds izdkj (Types of Natural Vegetation)

Hkkjr ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ, 2019 (Indian Forest Status Reports, 2019)

fu.kZ; leFkZu iz.kkyh (Decision Support System) dk mUu;u

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

Hkkjr dh ou fjiksVZ (ISFR)–2019

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

Hkkjr ds ik¡p U;wure oukoj.k okys jkT;

Hkkjr ds ik¡p 'kh"kZ oukoj.k izfr'kr okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

Hkkjr ds U;wure ik¡p ou vkoj.k izfr'kr okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

HkkSxksfyd {ks=k dk 33% ls vfèkd ou vkoj.k okys jkT;@dsanz'kkflr izns'k

ou {ks=kiQy esa o`f¼ djus okys 'kh"kZ 5 jkT;

Hkkjr esa eSaxzkso ouLifr

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

Hkkjr ds ou izdkj vkSj tSo&fofoèkrk (Forest Types and Biodiversity of India)

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

[kfut lalkèku (Mineral Resources)

;wjsfu;e zz;wjsfu;e ds izeq[k v;Ld gSaµ fipCysaM ,oa Fkksfj;kukbVA

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

{ks=k dY;k.k ;kstuk ds rhu y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;s x, gSaµ

ÅtkZ lalkèku (Energy Resources)

izlkj.k ,oa laforj.k ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡A

jkT; fo|qr cksMks± ds fy;s okf.kfT;d Lok;Ùkrk esa dehA

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ (Renewable Energy)

iou ÅtkZ & 60 GW y?kqiu ÅtkZ & 5 GW

leqæ rkih; ÅtkZ :ikarj.k (OTEC)

Tokjh; ÅtkZ (Tidal energy)

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

lM+d ifjogu (Road Transport)

jk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk (NHDP)

lM+d usVodZ (Road Network)

lsrq Hkkjre~ ;kstuk

jsy ifjogu (Rail Transport)

Hkkjr dk jsyos izcaèku % ”kksu

jsy ea=kky; ds vèkhu izeq[k uksMy izkfèkdj.k

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

fnYyh&vkxjk fnYyh&dkuiqj eSlwj&caxyq#& eqacbZ&vgenkckn ukxiqj&fldanjkckn

ok;q ifjogu (Air Transport)

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

ty&ekxZ ifjogu (Water-ways Transport)

izeq[k jk"Vªh; vkarfjd tyekxZ

tyekxZ izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

lkxjekyk ifj;kstuk (Sagarmala Project)

jktLFkku ds izeq[k rF;

ty lalkèku (Water Resources)

jktLFkku ds e: {ks=k gsrq ty iquxZBu ifj;kstuk (vkj-McY;w-,l-vkj-ih-Mh-)

ckaèk iquokZl vkSj lqèkkj ifj;kstuk (Mh-vkj-vkbZ-ih-)

¯lpkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ (Irrigation Projects)

ty laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa iz;kl (Efforts made in water conservation)

jktLFkku dh tyok;q dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

641, First Floor, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09

dqy ;ksx 32737 100.00

Ø-la- oxZ {ks=kiQy (oxZ fdeh-) izfr'kr

jkT; dk f”kysokj oukoj.k (District–wise forest coverage)

HkkSxksfyd HkkSxksfyd {ks=k

izlkj.k ,oa laforj.k ls gksus okyh gkfu;k¡A

jkT; fo|qr cksMks± ds fy;s okf.kfT;d Lok;Ùkrk esa dehA

iou ÅtkZ & 60 GW y?kqiu ÅtkZ & 5 GW