VocabuIary

Un|form c|rcu|ar mot|on an

ob[ecL experlences Lhls when
movlng ln a clrcle aL a
consLanL speed
Centr|peta| Acce|erat|on
acceleraLlon LhaL ls dlrecLed
radlally Loward Lhe cenLer of
Lhe clrcle (also called rad|a|
acce|erat|on)
Irequency () Lhe number of
revoluLlons per second
9er|od (@) 1he Llme requlred
for one compleLe revoluLlon
of an ob[ecL revolvlng ln a
clrcle
lrequency and perlod are
lnverses
aw of un|versa| grav|tat|on
Lvery parLlcle ln Lhe unlverse
aLLracLs every oLher parLlcle
wlLh a force LhaL ls
proporLlonal Lo Lhe producL
of Lhelr masses and lnversely
proporLlonal Lo Lhe square of
Lhe dlsLance beLween Lhem
1hls force acLs along Lhe llne
[olnlng Lhe Lwo parLlcles
kep|er's |aws of p|anetary
mot|on deLalled descrlpLlon
of Lhe moLlon of Lhe planeLs
around Lhe sun
9erturbat|ons sllghL
devlaLlons Lo kepler's laws

05I0r's Laws
O I|rst aw 1he paLh of each planeL around Lhe
sun ls an elllpse wlLh Lhe sun aL Lhe focus
O econd aw Lach planeL moves so LhaL an
lmaglnary llne drawn from Lhe sun Lo Lhe planeL
sweeps ouL equal areas ln equal perlods of Llme
O @|rd aw 1he raLlo of Lhe squares of Lhe
perlods of any Lwo planeLs revolvlng around Lhe
sun ls equal Lo Lhe raLlo of Lhe cubes of Lhelr
mean dlsLances from Lhe sun (@$@) ($)

Chapter 5
Circular Motion and Gravitation
krlsLen vanue8leL
6
Lh
hour
ormuIas
ad|a| Acce|erat|on a
8
;
2
$ r
O a
8
ls Lhe radlal acceleraLlon
O ; ls Lhe veloclLy
O r ls Lhe radlus
rav|tat|ona| Iorce l C m
1
m
2
$
2

O l ls Lhe gravlLaLlonal force
O C ls Lhe gravlLaLlonal consLanL
O m
1
and m
2
are Lhe masses of Lhe ob[ecLs
O r ls Lhe dlsLance beLween Lhe Lwo ob[ecLs
Ie|oc|ty ; (2nr)$1
O ; ls Lhe veloclLy
O r ls Lhe radlus
O 1 ls Lhe perlod
Irequency and 9er|od 1 1 $
O 1 ls Lhe perlod
O ls Lhe frequency
O lrequency and perlod are lnverses




















eve| 9rob|em
L Lhe surface of a cerLaln planeL Lhe gravlLaLlonal acceleraLlon has a magnlLude
of 120 m$s
2
210kg brass ball ls LransporLed Lo Lhls planeL WhaL ls (a) Lhe
mass of Lhe brass ball on Lhe LarLh and on Lhe planeL and (b) Lhe welghL of Lhe
brass ball on Lhe LarLh and on Lhe planeL?

llrsL wrlLe down glven lnformaLlon






a) Mass ls lndependenL of gravlLy so Lhe mass sLays Lhe same on each planeL
@e mass |s 210 kg on bot Lart and 9|anet 1

b) WelghL ls mass Llmes gravlLy

LarLh 981 x 210 20601 n use slg flgs 206 N
laneL 1 120 x 210 2320 n use slg flgs 2S2 N
ne|pfu| Webs|tes
O hLLp$$wpsprenhallcom$esm_glancoll_physlcsppa_6$16$31$111009cw$lndexhLml
O hLLp$$wwwsparknoLescom$LesLprep$books$saL2$physlcs$chapLer11rhLml
LarLh
981 m$s
2
m 210 kg

laneL 1
120 m$s
2
m 210 kg

0y Points
O 1he dlrecLlon of Lhe force acLlng upon a parLlcle movlng ln a clrcle ls Lowards Lhe cenLer
of Lhe clrcle
O CravlLaLlonal force keeps Lhe Moon revolvlng around Lhe earLh and Lhe planeLs
revolvlng around Lhe Sun
O 1he four fundamenLal forces ln naLure are Lhe gravlLaLlonal force elecLromagneLlc
force sLrong nuclear force and weak nuclear force
eve| 9rob|em
WhaL ls Lhe maxlmum speed wlLh whlch a 1030kg car can round a Lurn of radlus
77 meLers on a flaL road lf Lhe coefflclenL of sLaLlc frlcLlon beLween Llres and road
ls 080? ls Lhls resulL lndependenL of Lhe mass of Lhe car?

llrsL llsL Lhe glvens






ueLermlne Lhe equaLlons needed
a
8
;
2
$ r
zl ma
l
l

s
x mg

ln Lhls slLuaLlon zl or Lhe sum of Lhe forces ls [usL frlcLlon So
l
l
ma
8

uslng Lhe flrsL equaLlons subsLlLuLe ;
2
$ for a
8
l
l
m (;
2
$ )

SubsLlLuLe m ;

$ ) for l
l
ln Lhe equaLlon l
l

s
x mg

m (;
2
$ )
s
x mg
Slnce mass ls on boLh sldes of Lhe equaLlon lL ls canceled ouL of Lhe equaLlon

;
2
$
s
x g

now plug ln numbers from Lhe llsL of glvens

;
2
$ 77 080 x 98

;
2
$ 77 78
;
2
6068
; 237 m$s use slg flgs
2S m]s

es Lhe resulL ls lndependenL of Lhe mass of Lhe car because Lhe masses cancel
ouL ln Lhe equaLlon
Clvens
m 1030 kg
r 77 m

s
080


eve| 9rob|em
1wo blocks of masses
1
and
2
are connecLed Lo each oLher and Lo a cenLral
posL by cords as shown ln Lhe flgure below 1hey roLaLe abouL Lhe posL aL a
frequency (revoluLlons per second) on a frlcLlonless horlzonLal surface aL
dlsLances
1
and
2
from Lhe posL uerlve an algebralc expresslon for Lhe Lenslon
ln each segmenL of Lhe cord





WrlLe down Lhe varlables LhaL have Lo be ln Lhe equaLlon

1

2

1

2

l
1
and l
2
wlll be Lenslon or force ln segmenL 1 and 2

ueLermlne Lhe equaLlons LhaL can be used
a
8
;
2
$ r
; (2nr)$1
1 1 $
zl ma

llnd Lhe equaLlon for Lhe Lenslon ln segmenL Lwo of Lhe rope
use Lhe equaLlon zl ma
1he sum of Lhe forces ls [usL Lenslon so zl ls l
2
uslng Lhe equaLlons above subsLlLuLe ;
2
$ r
2
for a
l
2
m
2
(;
2
$ r
2
)
; (2nr)$1 or 2nrbecause and 1 are lnverses lug ln 2nrfor ;
l
2
m
2
((2nr
2
)
2
$ r
2
)
Slmpllfy Lhe equaLlon
l
2
m
2
(2
2
n
2
r
2
2

2
$ r
2
)
l
2
m
2
(n
2
r
2
2

2
$ r
2
)
l
2
m
2
(n
2
r
2

2
)
I
2
4n
2
m
2
r
2

2

SegmenL 1 ls Lhe same excepL for Lhe radlus and mass So Lhe equaLlon ls Lhe same for
n
2
f
2
buL Lhe m
2

2
has Lo have Lhe addlLlon of Lhe radlus and mass of boLh blocks So Lhe
equaLlon ls n
2
f
2
(m
1

1
+ m
2

2
)

I
1
4n
2
f
2
(m
1

1
+ m
2

2
)