1

6. Find the maximum initial speed of a cork that pops out of a bottle and travels a horizontal
distance of 10m.

Solution:

𝑣𝑣ᵢ2
𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 ² = 𝑔𝑔𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑔𝑔

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = �𝑔𝑔𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = �9.81 𝑥𝑥10𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²

𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 9.9
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

7. A ball is kicked at an angle of 35° with the ground.

a) What should be the initial velocity of the ball so that it hits a target that is 30 meters
away at a height of 1.8 meters?
b) What is the time for the ball to reach the target?

Solution:
1
a) dy = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t - 𝑔𝑔t2
2

but

dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t

dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35° t

30 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35° t

30𝑚𝑚
t=
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35°

30𝑚𝑚 9.81𝑚𝑚 30𝑚𝑚

1.8m = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin 35° - { }²
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35° 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠² 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35°

9.81𝑚𝑚 30𝑚𝑚
1.8m = 30 tan 35° - 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²
{
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35°
}²

9.81𝑚𝑚 30𝑚𝑚
{ }² = 30 tan 35° - 1.8m
2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠² 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 35°

9.81𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos(35°) = 30m �2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²[(30m tan 35°) −1.8m) ]

𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 18.3
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

30𝑚𝑚
b) t = 𝑣𝑣 cos 35°
𝑖𝑖

t = 2.0 sec
 2

8. Find θ to cause the projectile hit point B at exactly 4 sec. and the distance x

Solution:

1
a) dy = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t - 𝑔𝑔t2
2

9.81𝑚𝑚
-50m = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ t - t²
2𝑠𝑠²

𝑚𝑚 9.81𝑚𝑚
-50m = 30 sin ɵ {4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠} - {4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠}²
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²

78.48−50
sin ɵ =
120

ɵ = 13.73°

b) dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t

dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 13.73° t

𝑚𝑚
dx = 30 cos 13.73°{4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠}
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

dx = 116.6𝑚𝑚

9. A boy throws a stone from the top of a cliff into the sea. When the stone leaves his hand
𝑚𝑚
it is travelling horizontally at a velocity of 10 .
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

a) How long will it take the stone to reach the sea, a distance 8 meters below?
b) How far from the bottom of the cliff will it be when it enters the sea?
c) What will its vertical velocity be when it hits the water?
Solution:

1
a) dy = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t + 2 𝑔𝑔t2

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0
2𝑑𝑑ᵧ
t =� 𝑔𝑔
2(8𝑚𝑚)
t =�
9.81
𝑚𝑚 = 1.28sec.
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²

b) dx = 𝑣𝑣x t
𝑚𝑚
dx = (10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)( 1.28sec) = 12.8 𝑚𝑚

c) 𝑣𝑣y = 𝑔𝑔t
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣y = (9.81 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²)( 1.28sec) = 12.56 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
 3

𝑚𝑚
10. During a fireworks display, a shell is shot into the air with an initial speed of 70.0 at
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
an angle of 75.0° above the horizontal, as illustrated in figure. The fuse is timed to ignite
the shell just as it reaches its highest point above the ground.
a) Calculate the height at which the shell explodes.
b) How much time passed between the launch of the shell and the explosion?
c) What is the horizontal displacement of the shell when it explodes?

Solution:

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ²
a) H = 2𝑔𝑔
(at maximum height)

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 ² sin² ɵ
H= 2𝑔𝑔

𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ = (70.0 )(sin 75°) = 67.61
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
67.61 m
( )²
H= 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
9.81 m
2( )
sec²

H = 232.98 m.

1
b) dy = hi +
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦
t dy = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t - 𝑔𝑔t2
2
2
1
232.98 = 67.61 t - 9.81t 2
hi = 0 (starts from the ground) 2

𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 = 0 (at the maximum height)

4.905 t 2 – 67.61 t + 232.98 = 0
2𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 2(232.98𝑚𝑚)
t= = 𝑚𝑚 −𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
(𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑣𝑣𝑦𝑦 ) 67.61
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 x=
2𝑎𝑎

t = 6.90 sec t = 6.90 sec.

or

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ 70 sin 75

t = = = 6.90 sec.
𝑔𝑔 9.81

c) dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 t
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ = (70.0 )(cos 75°) = 18.1
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

𝑚𝑚
dx = (18.1 )(6.90 s) = 125 m.
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
 4

11. A projectile is launched from point O at an angle of 22° with an initial velocity of 15 m/s
up an incline plane that makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal. The projectile hits the
incline plane at point M.

a) Find the time it takes for the projectile to hit the incline plane.

b) Find the distance OM.

Solution:

a) dx = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ t
1
dy = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ t - 2 𝑔𝑔t 2

ɵ = 22 + 10 = 32°

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 15 m/s

The relationship between the coordinate dx and dy on the incline is given by

𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦
tan 10° = 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥

1
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ 𝑡𝑡 − 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔²
tan 10° = 2
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ 𝑡𝑡

1
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ 𝑡𝑡 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔²
tan 10° = - 𝑣𝑣 2
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ 𝑡𝑡 𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ 𝑡𝑡

1
𝑣𝑣 sin ɵ 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
tan 10° = 𝑣𝑣 𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ - 𝑣𝑣 2
cos ɵ
𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖

1
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ tan 10° = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ - 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
2

1
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ - 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ tan 10°
2

Solve for t
m m
2 [(15 ) sin 32° − (15 ) cos 32° tan 10°]
𝑡𝑡 = 𝑠𝑠
9.81
𝑠𝑠

𝑡𝑡 = 1.16 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.

b) OM = �𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦²

1
OM = �(𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos ɵ 𝑡𝑡)2 + (𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin ɵ 𝑡𝑡 − 2
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔²)²

9.81
OM = �[15cos 32° (1.16)]2 + [15sin 32° (1.16) − (1.16)²]²
2

OM = 15 meters
 1

CIRCULAR MOTION

In RECTILINEAR or straight-line motion, the net force or unbalanced force acting on a body
is in the direction of motion. If this net force acts at an angle from the direction of motion at
any instant, the object is moved along a circular path. The motion of the objects like a spinning
wheel, electric fan, and merry-go-round, and the movement of Earth on its axis or of the planets
around the sun are only a few examples of circular motion.

In this handout, you will learn the following:

• Centripetal force
• Centrifugal force
• Period and frequency
• Pendulum
• Angular measures

An object moving in uniform motion may have a constant speed but a changing velocity.
The direction of its velocity may change constantly at any point in a curve path. This direction
is tangent to the radius of the circular path, thus, its velocity is known as tangential velocity.
Because the velocity changes, the object accelerate. Newton’s second law states that if an
object is accelerating, there is a net of force acting on it to keep it in motion. Thus, we have
centripetal acceleration which is the square of the velocity divided by the radius of the
circular path.

𝑣𝑣 2
𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 𝑟𝑟

In the case of a whirling object, a force acts on the string to keep it in uniform motion
along a circular path. When you try to whirl and release the object after a few seconds. The
object move in a direction tangent to the radius of the circle in which it was previously moving.
This characteristic movement of the object is called centripetal force, which keep the object
constantly at a circular motion. This occurs because of the force directed toward the center of
the circular path against inertia which tends to follow a straight-line path.

There is a common misconception that the

outward force causing an object to fly off from a
circular path is called centrifugal force. It simply
does not exist. The centrifugal force effect is
caused by inertia. For example, in a washing
machine or a spin dryer, the clothes are pushed, or
 2

pinned, against the wall of the dryer tub. As observed, there is no force pushing in the clothes
away from the center of the tub (except gravity). Centripetal force operates in the dryer tub,
pushing the clothes inward into circular motion. It is defined as the mass multiplied by the
square of the velocity divided by the radius.

𝑣𝑣 2
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟

When a person drives a car a circular curve,

some force must supply the centripetal force that
turns the car. What pushes it toward the center of the
circle? The friction between the tires and the road is
static friction, because the tires are rolling and not
sliding (i.e., that part of the wheels that touches the ground has a zero speed). Thus, on a curve
𝑣𝑣 2
along a level road, the car tires must grip the road with a sideward force equal to 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟
. If the

tires slip, the frictional force is less, and the car goes off the curve along a straighter path. (See
sample problem 2 and 3)

PERIOD AND FREQUENCY

Period and frequency are physical quantities that are used to describe both circular and
rotational motions. The period is the time T required for an object to make one complete
revolution. The number of revolutions completed by an object in a given time is called
frequency. The motion of motorcycle wheels may be described using the term frequency and
period. Suppose one wheel makes 100 revolutions in 1 minute. Therefore, its frequency f is
1
𝑓𝑓 =
𝑇𝑇
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
100 revolutions per minute or 100 or 1.67
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Hence, the period T is 1 min per 100 revolution or = 0.01
100 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
1
𝑇𝑇 =
𝑓𝑓

The period of a simple pendulum of length l, is given by the equation,

𝑙𝑙
𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑔𝑔

ROTATIONAL MOTION
Rotational motion is the motion of a body turning about
an axis (e.g., the Earth’s motion is both rotational and
circular). Earth rotates about its axis once every 24 hours
1
while revolving around the sun once every 365 days.
4
 3

Angular Measure
Around us, angles are measured in degrees, where 360° equals to a full turn. An angle
can also be expressed in radians (rad). If a circle drawn whose center is at the vertex of a
particular angle, the angle ɵ (Greek letter theta) in radian is equal to the ratio between the arc
s cut by the angle and the radius r of the circle:
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙ℎ𝑡𝑡
Angle in radians =
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝒔𝒔
ɵ=
𝑟𝑟

Conversion factors: 1 revolution = 360° = 2𝜋𝜋 rad

1° = 0.01745 rad
1 rad = 57.30°

Angular Velocity
The angular velocity of a body describes how fast it is running about an axis. If the body turns
through the angle within time t, its angular velocity 𝜔𝜔 (Greek small letter omega) is
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Angular velocity =
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
ɵ
𝜔𝜔 = 𝑡𝑡

𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

Conversion factors: 1 = 2𝜋𝜋 = 6.28
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 2π 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
1 = = 0.015
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 60 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

Angular Acceleration
A rotating body whose angular velocity changes from 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 to 𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 in the time interval t

has an angular acceleration a (alpha), which is equal to

change in angular velocity
Angular acceleration = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
α = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 −𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖
α= 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

As in linear acceleration, +α means the value in increasing; -α means the value is

decreasing.
𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 + αt

1
ɵ = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡 + αt ²
2

𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 ² = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 ² + 2α ɵ
 4

1. A boy is swirling a cupful of water tied to a string. The cup is in uniform circular motion
and makes 20 revolutions in 4 seconds.
a) What is its period?
b) What is its frequency?
c) What is its speed if the length of the string that holds the cup is 0.8m?
d) How much force is acting on the cupful of water to keep it in uniform circular motion
if its mass is 30g?

Solution:

4 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
a) 𝑇𝑇 = 20 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
= 0.2 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
b) 𝑓𝑓 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 5 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
0.2
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
c) 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑇𝑇
or 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋

2𝜋𝜋(0.8𝑚𝑚) 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑚𝑚
= 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 25.13 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 2𝜋𝜋(0.8𝑚𝑚)( 5 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ) = 25.13 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
0.2
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝑣𝑣 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘·𝑚𝑚
d) 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚 but =N
𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²

𝑚𝑚 2
(25.13 )
= 0.03𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
= 23.66 N
0.8𝑚𝑚

2. A 2,000-lb bus rounds a curved on a smooth, level

road of radius 52 m at a speed of 14m/sec.
Determine if the bus will be able to make the turn
if the concrete road is dry and the coefficient of
static friction is 0.60.

Solution:

Find first the force required to keep the bus

moving in the curved path.

𝑣𝑣 2
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟

2,000 lb 𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2
( 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 )(14 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥3.28 𝑚𝑚 )
32.174 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙·𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔c = 32.174 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙·𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²
52𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 3.28
𝑚𝑚

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙·𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠² 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
( 62.162 )(45.92 )2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = = 768.514 lb
170.56𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

The maximum friction force between the tires and the road is

𝐹𝐹𝑠𝑠 = 𝜇𝜇𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹𝑁𝑁 = (0.60)(2,000lb) = 1,200lb

Therefore, the bus will be able to make the turn since the friction force is larger than the
centripetal force needed to make the turn, 𝐹𝐹𝑠𝑠 >𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐
 5

3. A 1,000 kg race car makes a turn of radius 0.04 km at 70 km/hour. If the road is banked at
an angle of 16°, will a friction force be required? If so, how much force is needed?

Solution:
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
tan ɵ =
𝑊𝑊

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑊𝑊 tan ɵ = 𝑚𝑚 𝑔𝑔 tan ɵ

𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = (1000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) �9.81 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠²
� 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡16° = 2,810.10 N

But centripetal force needed to make the complete turn is

𝑣𝑣 2
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑟𝑟
�70 𝑥𝑥1000 𝑥𝑥 �²
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = (1000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) ℎ𝑟𝑟 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3600𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚
0.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 1000
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 9,447.84 N

Hence, the frictional force needed by the car to make the turn is

f = 9,447.84 N – 2,810.10 N = 6,637.74 N

4. A killer bat with a mass of 2,000g is flying at a velocity of 5m/sec. around a high-fenced
campsite with a radius of 100m.
a) Find the centripetal force of the bat.
b) If another bat three-fourths of its size but having twice its velocity flies with it, do they
have the same centripetal force?

Solution:

𝑣𝑣 2
a) 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟

𝑚𝑚
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 �5 �²
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐1 = �2000𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 � = 0.5 N
1000𝑔𝑔 100𝑚𝑚

3
b) 2nd bat’s mass = 2,000g x =1,500g or 1.5 kg
4

2nd bat’s velocity = 5m/sec x 2 = 10m/sec

𝑚𝑚
�10 �²
𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐2 = (1.5𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
= 1.5 N
100𝑚𝑚

Hence, they do not have the same centripetal force 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐 .