DASS

- is a 42-item self-report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of
depression, anxiety and tension/stress. The DASS is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure
the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS was constructed not merely
as another set of scales to measure conventionally defined emotional states, but to further the process
of defining, understanding, and measuring the ubiquitous and clinically significant emotional states
usually described as depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS should thus meet the requirements of
both researchers and scientist-professional clinicians. Each of the three DASS scales contains 14 items,
divided into subscales of 2-5 items with similar content. The Depression scale assesses dysphoria,
hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest/involvement, anhedonia, and inertia.
The Anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective
experience of anxious affect. The Stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic non-specific arousal. It
assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset/agitated, irritable/over-reactive and
impatient. Subjects are asked to use 4-point severity/frequency scales to rate the extent to which they
have experienced each state over the past week. Scores for Depression, Anxiety and Stress are
calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items. In addition to the basic 42-item questionnaire,
a short version, the DASS21, is available with 7 items per scale. Note also that an earlier version of the
DASS scales was referred to as the Self-Analysis Questionnaire (SAQ). As the scales of the DASS have
been shown to have high internal consistency and to yield meaningful discriminations in a variety of
settings, the scales should meet the needs of both researchers and clinicians who wish to measure
current state or change in state over time (e.g., in the course of treatment) on the three dimensions of
depression, anxiety and stress.

MD5

- is designed to assess mental ability quickly and easily over a wide range of educational and ability
levels, in staff selection, placement and counselling. The test consists of 57 items in a non-reusable
booklet, and involves finding missing letters, numbers or words, represented by the corresponding
number of asterisks. Either pencil-and-paper or computer- based versions are available. The MD5 is easy
to administer as the instructions are clearly given in the Technical Manual or on-screen for the
computer-based version. Normative Data exists for several different groups ranging from job applicants
with no GCSE qualifications to middle level managers in employment. The manual also gives details of
the test's reliability and validity together with correlations with other mental ability tests.

NEO PI-R

- is a personality inventory that assesses an individual on five dimensions of personality, the so-called Big
Five personality traits. The standard questionnaire measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM), provides a
systematic assessment of emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal, and motivational styles--a
detailed personality description that can be a valuable resource for a variety of professionals. The NEO
PI-R is a concise measure of the five major domains of personality, as well as the six traits or facets that
define each domain. Taken together, the five domain scales and 30 facet scales of the NEO PI-R,
including the scales for the Agreeableness and the Conscientiousness domains, facilitate a
comprehensive and detailed assessment of normal adult personality. Although the manual has been
updated with the introduction of the NEO-PI-3, NEO PI-R norms and forms have not changed.