St Paul's Academy

STD- 7 CHEMISTRY
Chapter - 4
ATOMIC STUCTURE
EXERCISE (ANSWER KEY)

SECTION-I
-3
A. 1) PO 4
2) Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl) etc. .
3) Sodium (Na) , Magnesium (Mg) etc .
4) Molecule .
5) Radical .
B.
1) d) Ozone (O3) , Here option (d) will be corrected, write it O3 instead of HCl .
2) c) O2
3) a) H3O+
4) d) Nitrate ( NO3-)
5) d) SO42-
C.
1) False , An atom or group of atoms that gains electrons and develops a negative charge is called
Anion .
2) True .
3) True .
4) True .
5) False . Iron with a valency of 2 is written as Fe(II)
D.
1) Atomic Number ; Column .
2) Groups ; Valence electrons .
3) 1 ; 2 .
4) 3 ; Triatomic .
5) Positive ; Negative .
E.
1) Chlorine – d) Member of group 17
2) Diatomic – a) Hydrogen
3) Valence electron – e) Number of electrons present in the outermost shell.
4) Atomic number – c) Basis of classification of elements in the modern periodic table .
5) Group – b) Vertical column in the periodic table.
F.
1) Polyatomic ions - ( NO3-) , SO42- , NH4+
2) Cations – Na + , Ca+2 , K+
3) Anions – S-2 , Cl- , O-2
4) Member of group 13 – Boron (B) , Aluminum (Al)
5) Second period element – Lithium (Li) , Carbon (C)
6) Divalent elements – Beryllium (Be) , Magnesium (Mg)
7) Elements with chemical symbol having two alphabets – Calcium (Ca) , Sodium (Na)
8) Polyatomic element – Phosphorus (P) , Sulphur (S)

SECTION II
G.
1) The molecule of element is consist of 8 sulphur atoms ; as S8 . So here we can see that the
molecule has been formed by more that 2 atoms .

2) In sulphate (SO4-2) a group of atoms are functioning as a single unit and also carrying a
certain Amount of charge (-2) .

3)In a oxygen molecule two oxygen atoms have combined together and became stable but
oxygen atom is very reactive in nature and always have a high tendency to form bond
with the atoms of same element or different .So oxygen molecule can exist independently
in nature as gas but an atom of oxygen is unstable.

4) The atoms of noble gases are chemically inert in nature and exist independently in free state.

5)In periodic table elements are arranged in order of their atomic number, So as atomic
number changes , the position in the modern periodic table also changes .

H.
1. Atomicity - The number of atoms present in one molecule of an element is known as its atomicity.

2. Polyatomic ion - A group of atoms that functions as a single unit and may or may not carry a charge is
called radical or polyatomic ion.

3. Atomic number - The number of protons in an atom of an element is called its atomic number.

4. Group - The periodic table has 18 vertical columns called groups numbered from1 to 18.

5. Period - The periodic table has 7 horizontal rows called periods.

6. Valency - Valency is the combining capacity of an atom of an element. It is a whole number.

7. Valence shell - The outermost shell of the atom is known as the valence shell .

8. Cation - An atom or a group of atoms that loses electron(s) develops a positive charge and is
known as a cation.

9. Anion - An atom or a group of atoms that gains electron(s) develops a negative charge and
is known as an anion.

10. Molecule - The smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which an element or a
compound can be divided without a change in its chemical nature is called a molecule.
I.
1. Valency
a) It is the combining capacity of
an element.
b) It is a property of an atom.
2. Atomic number
a) The number of protons in an atom of an
element is called its atomic number
b) Not affected by the number of neutrons
As it the fundamental property of an
Element .
c) Always smaller value than mass number.
3. Page No – 60 ( Table 4.5) , Draw this table in your class copy.
4. Valency
a) Valency is the combining capacity
of an atom of an element.
b) Does not depend on number of
atoms
c) It has direct relation to the number
of electrons present in valence shell.
5. Chemical symbol
a) It is one or two letter abbreviation
of the full name of an element.
b) Generally it represent one atom
of an element.
J.
1. A group of atoms that functions asa single unit in a chemical reaction and may or may not carry
a charge is called a polyatomic ion or a radical.
They are reactive because they carry certain amount of charge (positive or negative).
Valence shell
a) The outermost shell of an atom is known
As valence shell .
b) This is one part of the structure of an atom.
Mass number
a) Total number of protons and neutrons present
in the nucleus of an atom of an element is
called its mass number.
b) Affected by the number of neutrons, as the
number will change mass number will also
change .
c) Always has a greater value that atomic number.
Atomicity
a) The number of atoms present in one molecule of
an element is known as its atomicity.
b) Depends on number of atoms present in a
molecule.
c) It has no relation to the number of electrons
Present in an atom.
Chemical formula
a) It is a symbolic representation of the elements
present in a chemical compound and the ratio
between each element.
b) It represent one molecule of a compound .
2. Step- I Write the formulas of the two parts: Cationic part Calcium ion Sulphate ion
Followed by anionic part. Ca+2 SO4-2

Step – II Write the valencies (without +/-) 2 2

Step – III Interchange the valencies and write as Ca2 (SO4)2

Subscripts.
Step – IV Divide the Valencies by the HCF Ca1(SO4)1
(HCF of 2 and 2 is 2)

Final Chemical formula (1 is not written) CaSO4

3. Three polyatomic ions having -2 charge - Carbonate (CO -23) , Sulphate (SO -24) , Sulphite(SO -23)

Chemical formulas using the above polyatomic ions and sodium ion as anion and cation respectively
Are following :

Sodium ion Carbonate Sodium ion Sulphate Sodium ion Sulphite

Na+ CO3-2 Na+ SO4-2 Na+ SO3-2

1 2 1 2 1 2
↓ ↓ ↓
Na2(CO3)1 Na2(SO4)1 Na2(SO3)1
↓ ↓ ↓
Na2CO3 Na2SO4 Na2SO3

4. Divalent - Elements with a valency of 2 are known as divalent.

Example – Iron , Magnesium , Sulphur

• Monovalent means the elements with valency 1 and trivalent elements have valency 3, so in terms
Valency divalents are different.

Example : Monovalent – Sodium, Hydrogen etc.

Trivalent – Aluminum, Nitrogen, phosphorus .

5 . Valency is the combining capacity of an atom of an element.

In the modern periodic table from group no 1 – 10 , no of valence electrons are equal to
The group no and from group no 11 – 18 no of valence electron = (group no – 10 ) ;
On the other hand we know that the valency of an element is equal to the number of
Electrons in the valence shell it that number is four or less. Otherwise, the valency is equal
to eight minus the number of electrons present in the valence shell. So if we can calculate
the number of valence electron of a particular group then we can easily determine the
valency .
K.
1. Features of the modern periodic table .

a) It has 18 vertical column called groups, numbered from 1 to 18 .

b) It has 7 horizontal rows called periods .
c) Elements are arranged in order of their atomic number, usually in rows .
d) The elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic numbers.
e) The elements with same no of valence electrons and hence similar chemical
properties , appear in a same group.

• For Question 2 and 3 see (table 4.7) in page no 64 ; draw this table in your
Class copy .

4. Valency means the combining power of an element. In terms of number of hydrogen atoms, it can be
defined as the number of hydrogen atoms that can combine with one atom of an element forming a
compound with hydrogen. The number of charge that a radical carries is the same as its valency. Valencies
help significantly in the derivation of chemical formula of compounds

5. The elements and radicals that combine with hydrogen to form compounds. For such compounds,
the valency of the element or the radical is given by the number of hydrogen atoms that combine (or
replace) one atom of the element or radical to form the compound.

Example - One atom of hydrogen combines with one atom of chlorine to form hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Here, there is only one hydrogen atom involved and thus the valency of chlorine is one.