B59TC

TURBINE CYCLES – GAS POWER PLANT #2

Q1. A simple Brayton cycle uses regeneration to improve cycle efficiency. A non-ideal compressor is used to
compress originally at 27oC and 1 bar to 307oC at 8 bar. A counter-flow regenerator of effectiveness 72%.
The air enters the turbine of isentropic efficiency of 86% at 927oC (assume that cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K and γ =
1.4 for both air and combustion products).
(a) Draw a diagram showing all components and how the interact with each other.
(b) Draw a (T, s) diagram for the cycle.
(c) Find all relevant temperatures.
(d) Calculate the heat recovery in the regenerator
(e) Calculate the work per unit mass of transported air required to operate the compressor
(f) Calculate the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor
(g) Calculate the improvement in thermal efficiency is obtained by using the regenerator.
(h)
Modified examination question [T2’= 543.6K, T5’=662.2K, T5=737.5K, T3=693.4K, T6=624.1K; 114 kJ/kg; 87%; improvement of 22% wrt original
efficiency]

Q2. A two spool jet engine has an overall pressure ratio of 20. The LP compressor is driven by the LP turbine
and the HP compressor is driven by the HP turbine through concentric shafts. The engine is fitted with an
after-burner.

The compressors give the same temperature rise across each; there is no intercooling between stages. The
isentropic efficiency of each compressor is 85%. After combustion the resulting gases enter the HP turbine
at 1200oC. Pressure loss in the combustion chamber can be neglected.

After the LP turbine the temperature of the gases is raised in the after-burner to 1400oC and the gases
expanded to atmospheric pressure in the nozzle. The pressure ratio across the nozzle is 4.2.

(a) Draw a fully labelled (T, s) diagram for the arrangement.

(b) Derive a quadratic equation for the intermediate compression temperature and hence determine the
temperature rise across each compressor when the intake temperature is 18oC
(c) Determine the pressure after expansion in the HP turbine (assume γ = 1.4 and cp = 1.005 J/kg K for the
air and γ = 1.3 and cp = 1.214 kJ/kg K for the combustion products, isentropic efficiency of the turbine
is 89%).
(d) Explain the purpose of the reheat and the nozzle.
[239.6K, 9.85 bar]

Q3. A single shaft closed cycle turbine employs air as the working fluid. Intercooling and regeneration are
included in the cycle.

Compression commences at 10bar, 25oC and the overall ratio is 7 to 1. Two stage compression is
employed, the air being cooled to 30oC between stages., The compressor stages have equal pressure ratios
and isentropic efficiencies of 78%.

There is a pressure loss between the compressor and the turbine inlet of 20 kN/m2 and the maximum
temperature of the cycle is 850oC. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 83%.

The amount of regeneration taking place is 72% of the ideal. There is a pressure loss of 10 kN/m2 in the
regenerator following the turbine and a further 7kN/m2 in the final cooler.

Determine the thermal efficiency of the machine and the mass flowrate to produce an output of 8MW.
[0.306, 54.2 kg/s]