Antibacterials

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Choose the Right Answer
Which
of the followings is NOT correct?
To select rational antimicrobial therapy for an infectious situation, a variety of factors must be
considered: host factors, factors related to the drugs used, and microbes
For most diseases: decision making depends on characteristics of patients and drugs
Patients, diagnosed with a same type of infectious disease but having different profiles of
allergy, concomitant disease states, might receive different strategy of treatment
Antibiotics therapy for renal failure patients and for patients with normal renal function are
similar
Which
It is generally recommended that you avoid carbapenem if you are allergic to penicillin
The preferred, proven therapeutic options for severe infections caused by ESBL-producing
organisms are carbapenems
Ertapenem has strong activity against Pseudomonas
Seizures are among the most serious side effects of carbapenem
Which
*
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or
parasites.
Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some are transmitted by bites
from insects or animals.
Contagious means difficultly spread from one person or organism to another, typically by direct
contact.
Some infectious diseases are acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water or being
exposed to organisms in the environment.
__________
means be able to spread from one person or organism to another, typically by
direct contact.
Contagious
Communicable
Transmissible
All are correct
Which
Gram staining is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based
on their different cell wall constituents.
Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye
Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the crystal violet dye; after washing, a counterstain is
added (commonly safranin or fuchsine) that will stain these Gram-negative bacteria a pink
color.
Gram staining cannot distinguish cocci and rods.
Which
Gram staining has been suggested to be as effective a diagnostic tool for infectious diseases
Gram staining helps determine the recommended treatment plan.
Empiric antimicrobial therapy is typically narrow-spectrum, in that it treats a specific kind of

bacteria
Antibiotic streamlining is also known as antibiotic de-escalation
Which
of the followings is NOT gram-positive cocci?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The
followings does not require oxygen for growth, except:
Clostridium difficile
Lactobacillus
Actinomyces
Chlamydia
Which
of the followings are bacteria that do not color with gram-staining but rather
remain colorless?
Clostridium difficile
Lactobacillus
Actinomyces
Chlamydia
Which
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a drug to successfully treat the microbe
Treatment strategies for resistant organism infection are difficult, costly and/or toxic
Natural resistance is an inherent attribute that protects the organism, such as the outer
membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
E coli, for example, has innate resistance to vancomycin because vancomycin is too large to
pass through the porin channels in its cell wall
Which
In the case of antibiotic resistance, antibiotics cause a selective pressure by killing susceptible
bacteria, allowing antibiotic-resistant bacteria to survive and multiply.
Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to β-lactam

antibiotics
In order to overcome β-lactamase-mediated resistance, β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanate,

sulbactam, and tazobactam) were combined with betalactam.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes that confer resistance to most beta-
lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenem
Which
CRE, which stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, are a family of germs that
are difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to many antibiotics including
carbapenem.
Klebsiella species are examples of Enterobacteriaceae
Penicillin shows some ability to kill or inhibit CRE bacteria from growing
CRE can cause many types of infections and are difficult to treat
Which
“Collateral damage” is a term used to refer to ecological adverse effects of antibiotic therapy;
such as, the selection of drug-resistant organisms and the unwanted development of
colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms.
Clostridium difficile is bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea and abdominal cramping that
most commonly affects people who have recently been treated with antibiotics.
Clindamycin can eliminate Clostridium difficile
Spores are special structure that help Clostridium difficile tolerate extreme conditions
__________
is a term used to refer to ecological adverse effects of antibiotic therapy;
such as, the selection of drug-resistant organisms and the unwanted development
of colonization or infection with multidrug-resistant organisms.
Collateral damage
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Antibiotics resistance
Which
In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the largest concentration of a

chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible growth of bacterium.
A breakpoint is a chosen concentration (mg/L) of an antibiotic which defines whether a species

of bacteria is susceptible or resistant to the antibiotic.
In the antibiotic synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect
more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly.
If the MIC is less than or equal to the susceptibility breakpoint the bacteria is considered
susceptible to the antibiotic.
Which
of
the followings is correct?
A culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection. A
sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine, such as an antibiotic, will work best to treat
the illness or infection.
Susceptible (S) means bacteria can’t grow if the drug is present. This means the antibiotic is
effective against the bacteria.
Intermediate (I) means a higher dose of the antibiotic is needed to prevent growth.
Resistant (R) means the bacteria can grow even if the drug is present. This is a sign of an
ineffective antibiotic.
All are correct
According
to
the following antibiogram, which antibiotics should be used for
hospital-acquired pneumonia with MRSA infection?
*
Penicillin
Clindamycin
Levofloxacin
Linezolid
Which
of
the following antibiotics is analog of PABA, inhibits the synthesis of folic
acid?
Sulfonamide
Fluroquinolone
Tetracycline
Amoxicillin
Daptomycin
Which
of
the following antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?
*
Sulfonamide
Trimethoprim
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Daptomycin
Which
of
the following antibiotics inhibit DNA replication by inhibit DNA gyrase?
Quinolone
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofuratoin
Daptomycin
Tetracycline
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10:35 6/6/24 Gmail - Student Information

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Choose the Right Answer

Ertapenem has strong activity against Pseudomonas

Seizures are among the most serious side effects of carbapenem

All are correct

Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye

Gram staining cannot distinguish cocci and rods.

Gram staining helps determine the recommended treatment plan.

Empiric antimicrobial therapy is typically narrow-spectrum, in that it treats a specific kind of

Antibiotic streamlining is also known as antibiotic de-escalation

Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a drug to successfully treat the microbe

Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to β-lactam

In order to overcome β-lactamase-mediated resistance, β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanate,

Klebsiella species are examples of Enterobacteriaceae

Clindamycin can eliminate Clostridium difficile

In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the largest concentration of a

A breakpoint is a chosen concentration (mg/L) of an antibiotic which defines whether a species

All are correct

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