SHM

LECTURE 5
Energy Method - SHM

M
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 SHM
LECTURE 5
Energy Method - SHM

M
Exampl Calculate the period of small Oscillations of a floating box as shown in figure if it
e is slightly pushed down and released. Mass of box is m and its base area is A. The
density of liquid is ρ.

m
m
h

ρ A
Solution:
Exampl A vertical uniform U-tube of cross-sectional area A is filled with a liquid if
e mass m. If liquid in one arm is pushed down by a small displacement and
released prove that liquid executes SHM and find its period.

A A

ρ ρ
m m
Solution:
Cases of Spring Combinations in SHM
Series Combination :

k1 k2 keq

F= k1x1 = k2x2 1/keq = 1/k1 + 1/k2 + ……...

Parallel Combination :

k1 k2 keq

keq = k1 + k2
Exampl
Find Time Period of Oscillation of Block ?
e
3k 2k
M
 Exampl
Find Time Period of Oscillation of Block ?
e
2m
A. 2π
3k
3k m
B. 2π
3k
m
k 2k C. 2π
6k

m
D. 2π
7k
M
Effect of Constant External Force on SHM

F = -kx
Restoring Force (F)
Position (x) Fo
Effect of Constant External Force on SHM

k
M

Fo
k
M
Effect of Constant External Force on SHM
Effect of Constant External Force on SHM
Fo FR = -ky
k
M
a = - (k/m)y

a = - ω2y ω= k/m

Due to External Constant Force, equilibrium position is shifted

BUT it will NOT affect the angular frequency of Oscillations.
Energy Method to finding Frequency of SHM
This method is applied in 3 steps:

Step - I Finding Equilibrium Position by balancing forces/torques acting

on body

Step - II Oscillate the body & at an intermediate position we write total

energy of system with ZERO ref. PE at mean position.

Step - III Differentiate the equation of total energy & equate it to ZERO.
Energy Method to finding Frequency of SHM
ωx
x

k k
M M
Energy Method to finding Frequency of SHM
ωx
 Exampl Figure shows a cylinder of mass m and radius R connected to a wall with
e a spring. If cylinder is slightly displaced and released, find Period of its
small Oscillations if cylinder doesn’t slip on the surface during motion
k m

R
m
A. 2π k
rough
2m
B. 2π
3k

3m
C. 2π
2k

5m
D. 2π
7k
 x
k m k m

R R

rough rough
ALTERNATIVE
x
k m k m

R R

rough rough
Solution:
Solution:
Exampl A rod of mass M and length L, hinged at point H at one end and other end is
e connected to a spring of constant k. In equilibrium rod is vertical & spring is
relaxed. Find Period of small Oscillations of rod. NO Gravity

H H

L L

k k

M M
 NO Gravity

H H

L L

k k

M
M
Solution:
Exampl 2 identical balls A & B, of mass 0.1 kg, are attached to 2 identical ideal springs. The
e spring-mass system is constrained to move inside a rigid smooth pipe bent a circle.
The pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane. The centres of the balls can move in a circle of
radius 0.06π m. Each spring has a natural length of 0.06π m & spring constant 0.1 N/m.
Initially, both the balls are displaced by an angle θ = π/6 rad w.r.t. the diameter PQ of
the circle & released from rest. Find the Time Period of the SHM?
A. πs
B. 2π s
C. π/2 s A B
D. 3π s

π/6 π/6
P Q
 A B

π/6 π/6
P Q
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