Chemistry CALC Revision

1 The apparatus in the diagram is used to heat a sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate
crystals, CuSO4.5H2O
The equation for the reaction that takes place is
CuSO4.5H2O(s) o CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l)
hydrated
copper(ll) sulfate
open tube
ice
water
(a) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show where heat is applied.

(1)
(b) What is the purpose of the ice?
(1)
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(c) Calculate the maximum mass of water that could be collected when a sample of
hydrated copper(II) sulfate of mass 2.50 g is heated.
[Mr of CuSO4.5H2O is 250]
(3)
mass of water = ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g
(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 Potassium hydrogencarbonate (KHCO3) decomposes on heating.
Three possible equations for the decomposition are

equation 1 2KHCO3(s) o K2O(s) + 2CO2(g) + H2O(g)
equation 2 KHCO3(s) o KOH(s) + CO2(g)
equation 3 2KHCO3(s) o K2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
When 8.00 g of potassium hydrogencarbonate is heated until it is fully decomposed,
5.52 g of solid is formed.
(a) Complete the table by calculating the amount, in moles, of each solid.
(2)
Mass of solid Amount of solid

Solid Mr of solid
in g in mol
KHCO3 100 8.00
K 2O 94 5.52
KOH 56 5.52
K2CO3 138 5.52
(b) Use the information in the table to explain which equation, 1, 2 or 3, represents
the decomposition of potassium hydrogencarbonate.
(2)
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3 A student used this apparatus to make and collect a sample of hydrogen gas.
hydrogen
dilute
sulfuric
acid
water
zinc
(a) The reaction in the flask can be shown by this word equation.
metal + acid salt + hydrogen
(i) The name of the salt formed in the student’s experiment is

(1)
A zinc sulfate
B zinc sulfide
C zinc sulfite
D zinc sulfur
(ii) The student could have used other metals in this experiment.
Place crosses ( ) in two boxes to show the names of two other metals that
could be safely used to make hydrogen.
(2)
A copper
B iron
C magnesium
D potassium
E silver
(b) Describe a test to show that the gas collected is hydrogen.
(1)
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(c) Water is formed when hydrogen combines with oxygen.

Balance the equation for this reaction.
(1)
..................... H2 + . . . . . . ............... O2 ..................... H 2O
(d) Equation 1 represents a reaction using cobalt(II) chloride that can be used to
show a liquid contains water.
Equation 1 CoCl2.2H2O(s) + 4H2O(l) CoCl2.6H2O(s)
In this reaction there is a colour change from blue to pink.
(i) Which word describes both cobalt compounds in equation 1?

(1)
A anhydrous
B aqueous
C hydrated
D saturated
(ii) When the product in equation 1 is gently heated, another reaction occurs.
Equation 2 represents this reaction.
Equation 2 CoCl2.6H2O(s) CoCl2.2H2O(s) + 4H2O(g)
What do equations 1 and 2 suggest about the reactions?

(1)
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4 The piece of apparatus shown contains 0.010 mol /dm3 hydrochloric acid.
cm3
50
40
30
20
10
(a) (i) Give the name of this piece of apparatus.

(1)
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(ii) What volume of hydrochloric acid is in the apparatus?

(2)
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(iii) Use your answer in (a)(ii) to calculate the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid
in the apparatus.
(2)
Amount = .................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol
(b) A student poured a solution containing 0.010 mol of hydrochloric acid into a beaker.
He then added 0.0075 mol of zinc powder and collected the hydrogen given off in
a gas syringe.
The equation for the reaction is
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) o ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Is the zinc or the hydrochloric acid in excess? Explain your answer.
(2)
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(c) The student repeated the experiment with 0.0075 mol of magnesium powder
with the same total surface area as the zinc.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(i) What effect would this change have on the rate at which the hydrogen is
given off?
(1)
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(ii) What effect would this change have on the volume of hydrogen produced?
(1)
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5 A student carries out an investigation into the reaction between magnesium carbonate
and dilute sulfuric acid. He uses this apparatus.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
gas syringe
magnesium
carbonate dilute sulfuric acid
The student carries out seven experiments. In each experiment he uses the same mass of
magnesium carbonate but a different volume of acid. He measures the total volume
of carbon dioxide collected in each experiment. The table shows his results.
Volume of sulfuric acid used in cm3 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 40
Volume of carbon dioxide collected in cm3 0 16 47 61 64 78 80 80
(a) Plot the results on the grid and draw a curve of best fit.
(3)
80
70
60
50
Volume of
carbon dioxide 40
in cm3
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40
Volume of sulfuric acid in cm3
(b) (i) Which volume of sulfuric acid produces an anomalous result?
(1)
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(ii) Explain what the results with 35 cm3 and 40 cm3 of sulfuric acid indicate about
the reaction.
(2)
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(iii) Use the graph to find the volume of carbon dioxide that would be collected if
10 cm3 of acid were used.
(1)
volume of carbon dioxide = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
(iv) Use the graph to find the volume of sulfuric acid that would result in 55 cm3 of
carbon dioxide being collected.
(1)
volume of sulfuric acid = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
6 In 1774, the scientist Joseph Priestley produced oxygen by heating mercury(II) oxide, (HgO).
When heated, mercury(II) oxide breaks down into its elements.
(a) (i) Write a chemical equation for the breakdown of mercury(II) oxide into its elements.
(1)
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(ii) What name is given to this type of reaction?

(1)
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(b) Priestley’s method of producing oxygen is no longer used because of the high toxicity
of mercury and mercury compounds.
A student prepares oxygen by adding hydrogen peroxide solution to solid
manganese(IV) oxide.
The diagram shows the apparatus used.
hydrogen peroxide
solution
oxygen
water
manganese(IV) oxide
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(i) Give the name of the apparatus that contains the hydrogen peroxide solution.
(1)
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(ii) Suggest how the first sample of gas collected may be different from the
samples collected later.
(1)
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(c) A catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide.
Describe a method you could use to show that the manganese(IV) oxide is acting
as a catalyst in this reaction.
(4)
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(d) Sulfur burns in oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Sulfur dioxide is very soluble in water.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when sulfur dioxide
dissolves in water.
(1)
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(ii) Universal indicator is added to the solution formed in (d)(i).

Explain the effect that the solution has on the universal indicator.
(2)
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1 Zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

An experiment is carried out using
● 0.12 g of powdered zinc
● an excess of 0.2 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid
● a temperature of 20 °C
The volume of hydrogen collected in the experiment is measured at regular time intervals.
Curve B shows the results obtained.
40
A
30 B
Volume of
hydrogen C
20
in cm3
10
0
Time
(a) The experiment is repeated using

● 0.12 g of powdered zinc
Explain which curve, A, B or C, shows the results obtained.
(3)
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. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The experiment is repeated again, using
● 0.06g of powdered zinc
Explain which curve, A, B or C, shows the results obtained.
(3)
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2 A student uses this apparatus to determine the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide gas.
250 cm3
delivery tube measuring
bung cylinder
water
dilute nitric acid
sodium carbonate
This is the student’s method.

● a solid lump of sodium carbonate of mass 0.53 g is placed into the conical flask
● an excess of dilute nitric acid is added and the bung is put in place
● when all of the sodium carbonate has reacted, the volume of carbon dioxide
collected is measured
Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

(a) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate that reacts.
[Mr : Na2CO3 = 106]
(2)
amount of sodium carbonate = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . . . mol
(ii) The volume of carbon dioxide collected is 110 cm3.

Use this information and your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the volume, in cm3,
of one mole of carbon dioxide.
(2)
volume of one mole of carbon dioxide = ..................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
(b) The correct value for the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide, under the conditions
used in the experiment, is 24000 cm3.
Suggest two reasons why the volume calculated from the experiment is less than
the correct value.
(2)
1 ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................................................................... ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 This apparatus can be used to make and collect carbon dioxide.
This is done by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate.
dilute
A hydrochloric
acid
water
calcium
carbonate
(a) Give the names of the pieces of apparatus labelled A, B and C.

(3)
A. . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) When an excess of carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, reaction 1 occurs,
followed by reaction 2.
The equations for these reactions are
reaction 1 Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) o CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
reaction 2 CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) o Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
Suggest two observations that would be made when excess carbon dioxide is bubbled
through limewater.
(2)
1 . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Carbon dioxide is used in some fire extinguishers because it does not support combustion.
State another property of carbon dioxide that makes it suitable for use in fire extinguishers.
(1)
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. . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Carbon dioxide is slightly soluble in water. The solution formed has a pH of 5.6
Which is the best description of a solution of carbon dioxide in water?
(1)
A strongly acidic
B strongly alkaline
C weakly acidic
D weakly alkaline
4 Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(a) 0.0960 g of magnesium was added to 25.0 cm3 of 0.400 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of magnesium used.
(2)
amount of magnesium = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol
(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of HCl in the 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid.
(2)
amount of HCl = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol
(b) Use your answers from (a) to determine which of the reactants is in excess.
Show your reasoning.
(2)
The reactant in excess is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................. ......................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Sodium thiosulfate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid react together slowly to
form a precipitate of sulfur. This precipitate eventually makes the mixture go cloudy.
A student uses this method.
• place 20 cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution and 20 cm3 of water in a conical flask
• add 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to the flask
• place the flask on a piece of paper marked with a black ×
• time how long it takes before the × can no longer be seen
eye
conical flask
sodium thiosulfate solution
paper with ×
marked on it
(a) The equation for the reaction is

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) o 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + S(s) + SO2(g)
Before starting her experiments, the student considers the risk to her of sulfur dioxide
escaping from the flask. She uses this information.
concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution = 0.300 mol/dm3
volume of sodium thiosulfate solution = 20 cm3
volume of water = 20 cm3
volume of hydrochloric acid = 10 cm3
(i) Calculate the mass of sulfur dioxide formed in this experiment.

The hydrochloric acid is in excess.
(3)
mass of sulfur dioxide formed = ................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g
(ii) The solubility of sulfur dioxide at room temperature is 100 g/dm3.
Use this additional information to explain whether any sulfur dioxide gas
escapes from the flask.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) At what point in the experiment should the student have started a timer?
(1)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) She repeats the experiment using the same volumes and concentrations of
solutions, but at different temperatures. The graph shows her results.
80 –
60 –
Time
in s 40 –
20 –
0–
–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature in °C
(i) The result at (14, 42) is anomalous.

Explain one mistake the student may have made to cause this anomalous result.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Use the graph to find the time taken for the × to be no longer seen at 35 °C.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) The student repeats the experiments using nitric acid in place of hydrochloric acid.
She records the times for the × to no longer be seen, then uses the times to
calculate the rate of reaction at each temperature.
The graph shows the results she plots.
0.20 –
Relative rate
in s–1
0.10 –
0–
–
–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Temperature in °C
(i) Suggest two reasons why the results are least accurate at higher temperatures.
(2)
1 . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The student wrote this explanation for the shape of the graph.
As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases.

This is because there are more frequent collisions between
particles of reactants.
Use the particle collision theory to explain another more important reason for
the increase in reaction rate.
(2)
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. . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) Another student uses the same reaction to investigate the effect of changing the
concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution on the rate of reaction.
Give three variables that the student must control in this investigation to obtain
valid results.
(3)
1 . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 The apparatus in the diagram was set up to demonstrate the rusting of iron.
iron wool
measuring
cylinder
100cm3 80cm3 80cm3
air
water
start after one week after two weeks
(a) One week after the start of the experiment the volume of gas in the measuring
cylinder has decreased.
After two weeks there is no further decrease in volume of gas in the measuring
cylinder.
Explain these observations.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Iron reacts with dilute sulfuric acid. The chemical equation for this reaction is
Fe + H2SO4 ĺ FeSO4 + H2
Complete the word equation for the reaction.
(2)
Iron + sulfuric acid ĺ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... + ........................................................................
(c) Aqueous sodium hydroxide can be used to distinguish between solutions
containing iron(II) ions (Fe2+) and iron(III) ions (Fe3+).
State the observation made when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added separately
to each solution.
(2)
Fe2+(aq).................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fe3+(aq).................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 This is a recipe for making Irish soda bread.
• add 170g of wholemeal flour, 170g of plain flour, 10g of salt and 10.5g of
bicarbonate of soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3) to a bowl and stir
• pour in 290cm3 of buttermilk and stir quickly to form a soft dough
• form the dough into a round ball and slightly flatten it
• cut a cross in the top and bake for 30 minutes in an oven at 200°C
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it forms carbon dioxide gas.
2NaHCO3 ĺ Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
(a) Calculate the mass, in grams, of carbon dioxide that would be produced by
completely decomposing 10.5g of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
[Mr of NaHCO3 = 84]
(2)
mass of carbon dioxide = ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g
(b) Use your answer from part (a) to calculate the volume, in cm3, at room
temperature and pressure, of carbon dioxide that would be produced by
completely decomposing 10.5g of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Assume one mole of carbon dioxide has a volume of 24000cm3 at room
temperature and pressure.
(2)
volume of carbon dioxide = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
3 This question is about the reactions of compounds of antimony and phosphorus.
(a) Antimony (Sb) can be obtained from its oxide (Sb2O4) by heating it with carbon.
The equation for this reaction is
Sb2O4(s) + 4C(s) ĺ 2Sb(s) + 4CO(g)

(i) Give the name of the gas produced in this reaction.
(1)
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State why this gas is poisonous to humans.

(1)
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Phosphorus sulfide (P4S3) is one of the reactants used in match heads.
When a match is struck, energy is transferred to the reactants in the match head,
starting a reaction.
(i) Balance the equation that represents this reaction.
(2)
6KClO3(s) + ................ S(s) + ................ P4S3(s) ĺ ................ KCl(s) + ................ SO2(g) + ................ P4O10(s)
(ii) What term is used to describe the energy required to start a reaction?
(1)
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Sodium azide (NaN3) is a stable compound at room temperature but decomposes when
heated to 300 °C. The equation for the decomposition is:
2NaN3(s) → 2Na(l) + 3N2(g)
Sodium azide is used to produce nitrogen gas to inflate car airbags.
If a car is involved in a collision, the sodium azide decomposes.

The nitrogen gas is produced very rapidly and the airbag inflates almost immediately.
(a) (i) A fully-inflated airbag has a total volume of 108 dm3.

Calculate the amount of nitrogen, in moles, in a fully-inflated airbag.
[You should assume that the volume of one mole of nitrogen inside the airbag is
24 dm3]
(2)
Amount of nitrogen = mol
(ii) Use your answer to (a)(i) to calculate the mass, in grams, of sodium azide
required to produce 108 dm3 of nitrogen.
(3)
Mass of sodium azide required = g
(b) The airbag also contains potassium nitrate. This reacts with sodium formed in the
decomposition of sodium azide. The equation for the reaction is:
10Na(l) + 2KNO3(s) → K2O(s) + 5Na2O(s) + N2(g)

(i) Suggest one reason why the makers of the airbag might want this reaction to
occur.
(1)
(ii) The airbag also contains silicon dioxide (SiO2) which reacts with the oxides
produced in the reaction above. This forms a glassy solid which seals all the
products into the airbag.
The glassy solid contains potassium silicate (K2SiO3).
Construct an equation for the formation of potassium silicate from potassium
oxide. Include state symbols.
(1)
(c) Another use of sodium azide is to make lead(II) azide, which can be used as a
detonator for explosives. Lead(II) azide has the formula of Pb(N3)2
Lead(II) azide can be made by the following reaction:
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaN3(aq) → Pb(N3)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

(i) What name is given to this type of reaction?
(1)
(ii) What method would you use to remove the lead(II) azide from the final reaction
mixture?
(1)
5 A student set up this apparatus to measure the volume of carbon dioxide given off
when a sample of a carbonate of a Group 2 metal was reacted with dilute nitric acid.
delivery tube 250 cm3

measuring
cylinder
bung
water
dilute nitric acid

metal carbonate
She weighed out some of the carbonate and put it in a conical flask. She then added
an excess of dilute nitric acid.
After adding the acid she placed the bung and delivery tube into the conical flask.
She measured the total volume of gas collected at room temperature and pressure (rtp)
in the measuring cylinder.
Her results are shown in the table.
Mass of Group 2 carbonate 0.888 g

Volume of gas collected 144 cm3
XCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) o X(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

where X is the symbol for the Group 2 metal.
(a) (i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of carbon dioxide gas collected.
(Assume that one mole of gas has a volume of 24 000 cm3 at rtp)
(2)
Amount of carbon dioxide gas collected = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol
(ii) Deduce the amount, in moles, of the carbonate that reacted.

(1)
Amount of carbonate reacted = ................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol
(iii) Using the mass of the carbonate and your answer to (a)(ii), calculate the
relative formula mass (Mr) of this carbonate.
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
(2)
Relative formula mass = ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Calculate a value for the relative atomic mass of the Group 2 metal, X, and use
the Periodic Table on page 2 to suggest its identity.
(3)
Relative atomic mass of X = ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Identity of X = ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) After the student had completed the experiment she was told that the metal
carbonate was calcium carbonate.
She calculated that 0.888 g of calcium carbonate would produce 213 cm3 of
carbon dioxide.
She was certain that she had measured the mass of the metal carbonate correctly.
Suggest two reasons why the volume of gas she collected was less than 213 cm3.
(2)
1 . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is used as a preservative in wine.
The sulfur dioxide content of a wine can be found by titration. A chemist found that 25.0 cm3
of a sample of wine reacted with exactly 15.00 cm3 of 0.0010 mol/dm3 aqueous iodine, I2(aq).
SO2(aq) + I2(aq) + 2H2O(l) → SO42 (aq) + 2I (aq) + 4H+(aq)
(a) Calculate the amount, in moles, of iodine in 15.00 cm3 of a 0.0010 mol/dm3 solution.
(2)
(b) Deduce the amount, in moles, of sulfur dioxide in 25.0 cm3 of the wine.
(1)
(c) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of sulfur dioxide in the wine.

(2)
(d) Calculate the concentration, in g/dm3, of sulfur dioxide in the wine.

(2)
(e) A concentration of sulfur dioxide that is greater than 0.16 g/dm3 makes wine
unpleasant to drink.
Use the value you have calculated in (d) to state whether the wine is drinkable.
(1)
. . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ............................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 8 marks)
7 (a) The list shows some techniques used to separate mixtures.
A crystallisation
B filtration
C fractional distillation
D paper chromatography
E simple distillation
Complete the table to show the best method of obtaining each substance from
the mixture.
In each case, choose one of the letters A, B, C, D or E. Each letter may be used once,
more than once or not at all.
(4)
Substance Mixture Letter
sand sand and water
solid copper(II) sulfate aqueous copper(II) sulfate
red food dye mixture of food dyes
kerosene crude oil
(b) Gold occurs in ores, which are mixtures of gold and other substances. Several elements
and compounds are used in the extraction of gold from its ores.
Each box below represents the substances present in one part of the extraction process.
Classify the contents of each box as a compound, an element or a mixture by writing
your choice below each box.
(3)
Au NaCN Au
NaCN NaCN H2O
O2 NaCN Au
H 2O NaCN H2O
Compound,
element
or mixture

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) 1
ACCEPT a flame
if >1 arrow
drawn, all must
be correct
NB the arrow must point to the solid
(b) to condense the (water) vapour / steam ACCEPT to cool 1

the water vapour
ACCEPT to
cool/condense the
gas (given off)
IGNORE to
condense the
water
IGNORE to stop
the water
escaping as water
vapour
IGNORE to
condense the
product
(c) M1 n(CuSO4.5H2O) = 2.50 ÷ 250 OR 0.01 mark csq 3

(mol) throughout
M2 n(H2O) = 0.01 x 5 OR 0.05 (mol) correct final

answer (with no
M3 mass of water = (0.05 x 18) = 0.9(0) (g) working) scores 3
OR ACCEPT
calculations that
M1 5 x 18 OR 90 use Ar of Cu as
63.5 (giving
M2 250 (g) → 90 (g) 0.9(05) (g) as a
final answer)
M3 2.50 (g) → 0.9(0) (g)
M2 subsumes M1
OR for all methods
M1 5 x 18 OR 90
M2 90 ÷ 250 x 100 (%) → 36 (%)
M3 36 (%) x 2.50 (g) → 0.9(0) (g)
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) Solid Amount ALLOW values 2
KHCO3 0.080 (corrected
K 2O 0.059 rounded) from
KOH 0.099 1 sf up to
K2CO3 0.040 calculator
value
all four correct = 2 marks
three correct = 1 mark
(b) M1 equation 3 mark csq on 2

amounts given
M2 the (mole) ratio of KHCO3 to K2CO3 in part (a)
/reactant to product is 2:1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) i cross in box A (zinc sulfate) 1
ii Apply list principle - 3 crosses = max 1 1

cross in box B (iron)
4 or 5 crosses = 0 marks 1
cross in box C (magnesium)
3 (b) burns with a pop/squeak Must be reference to test and result 1
OR Reference to splint/match with no
use burning/lit splint/flame to indication of flame is not enough
see if pop/squeak Reject reference to glowing splint
Ignore flame extinguished
‘Squeaky pop test’ on its own is not
sufficient
3 (c) 2 (1) 2 Accept multiples and fractions 1
3 (d) i 1
cross in box 3
ii Ignore references to equilibrium

reversible / can go in both
Ignore references to other reaction 1
directions
types (e.g. hydration / oxidation /
/ can go backwards and
exothermic)
forwards
Accept either equation with ֖
Total 7
Question
Answer Accept Reject Marks
number
4 (a) (i) measuring cylinder 1
(ii) M1 44 answers in other 1

correct units, e.g.
0.044 dm3 1
M2 cm3
ml
(iii) 1
M2 0.00044(0)
0.0004 1
0.44 for 1 mark only
Mark csq on answer to (a)(ii)
correct answer with no
working for 2 marks
(b) zinc because
M1 1 mol zinc reacts with 2 mol HCl 1
M2 only 0.005 mol of zinc are needed 1

M1 is standalone
M2 is dep on zinc given as being in excess
(c) (i) (rate) increases/faster reaction less time for reaction faster time 1
to take place
(ii) no effect/same volume (of hydrogen) produced none/no change 1
Total 9
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) 3
M1 & M2 all points correctly plotted to deduct one mark for each incorrectly plotted point
nearest gridline do not penalise missing (0, 0)
if points are not visible, but graph goes through
that point, then do not penalise
M3 suitable curve of best fit, from the
origin
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(b) (i) 25 (cm3) accept anomalous point based on graph 1
drawn
(ii) M1 the volumes (of gas) are the same accept ‘no more gas is being 2
produced/collected (after 35 cm3)’
M2 therefore the reaction has finished / reject ‘all of the reactants have reacted’
all of the solid/MgCO3 has reacted / the reject ‘all of the acid has reacted’
solid/MgCO3 has been used up ignore refs to MgCO3 dissolving
accept refs to MgCO3 being limiting reagent
(iii) value correctly read to nearest gridline 1

from candidate’s graph
(iv) value correctly read to nearest gridline 1

from candidate’s graph
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) 2HgO → 2Hg + O2 accept halves and multiples 1
(ii) redox accept ‘(thermal) decomposition’ 1

ignore ‘oxidation’
allow ‘reduction’
(b) (i) (tap / dropping / separating) funnel reject ‘filter / thistle funnel’ 1
(ii) (the gas / it) contains air (from the accept ‘contains impurities’ or ref to possible 1
conical flask) named impurity eg nitrogen
reject ‘water vapour’
allow ‘contains less oxygen’
(c) M1 perform reaction with and without accept: 4

catalyst
M1 perform reaction with and without catalyst
M2 keep remaining variables (eg
concentration or volume of hydrogen M2 oxygen produced more quickly/at a faster
peroxide / temperature) the same rate/in a shorter time (in experiment) with catalyst
M3 measure time (to fill the gas jar with M3 weigh a sample of manganese(IV) oxide
oxygen) (before putting it into the conical flask)
M4 oxygen produced more quickly/at a M4 the mass at the end of the reaction should be
faster rate/in a shorter time (in the same as at the start
experiment) with catalyst
OR
M1 weigh a sample of manganese(IV)

oxide
(before putting it into the conical
flask)
M2 filter (to remove the solid)
M3 dry the solid (and re-weigh it)
M4 the mass should be the same as

before
(d) (i) SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 accept SO2 + H2O + ½O2 → H2SO4 1
allow products shown as correct ions
(ii) M1 (Universal Indicator turns) accept ‘red’ 2

orange/yellow
allow ‘contains sulfurous / sulfuric acid’
M2 (the solution/it) is acidic / contains
hydrogen
ions / contains H+ ions
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) M1 (Curve) A 3
M2 faster reaction (at higher M2 and M3 dep on correct or missing M1

temperature) accept ‘reaction takes less time’
M3 therefore curve is steeper / curve

levels off sooner
(b) M1 (Curve) C 3
M2 only half the mass/amount of zinc M2 and M3 dep on correct or missing M1

used
accept ‘less zinc used, so less hydrogen
M3 therefore only half the volume / 20 produced’ for 1 mark, if M2 and M3 not scored
cm3 of
hydrogen produced
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) (i) M1 0.53 ÷ 106 2
M2 0.005(0) (mol) correct answer scores (2)
(ii) M1 n(CO2) = 0.005 mol / answer to 2

(a)(i)
correct answer scores (2)
M2 vol(CO2) = (110 ÷ 0.005) = 22 000
(cm3)
OR 110 ÷ M1 correctly evaluated
(b) any two from: 2
M1 the bung was not replaced quickly allow ‘the bung was not on tightly/there was a
after the acid was added (so some leak around the bung (so some carbon
carbon dioxide/gas escaped) dioxide/gas escaped)’
M2 (some) carbon dioxide/gas dissolved

in the water (in the trough or in the allow ‘reacted with the water’
acid)
M3 sodium carbonate is not pure
Question
number
3 (a) A - (tap) funnel burette 1
B - (conical) flask 1
C - (gas) jar measuring cylinder 1
(b) M1 (limewater) goes milky/chalky/cloudy

OR
(white) precipitate/solid/suspension (formed) ppt colours other than white 1
M2 (mixture) goes clear OWTTE (eg cloudiness solid dissolves OWTTE 1

disappears) colourless solution
(formed)
IGNORE bubbles
(c) more dense than air/oxygen poor conductor of just heavier than air 1
electricity
(d) C weakly acidic 1
Total 7
Question
number
4 (a) (i) 1
M1
M2 0.004(0) 1
(ii) M1
M2 0.01(00) an answer of 10(.0) for 1

mark (i.e. failing to divide
by 1000)
(b) M1 0.004 mol of Mg react with 0.008 mol of HCl Mg and HCl react in a 1:2 1
ratio (by moles)
OR
0.01 is greater than 0.008 / M2 from (a)(ii) is
greater than
2 x M2 from (a)(i)
1
M2 HCl is in excess
M2 dep on M1
Mark csq on answers in (a)(i) and (a)(ii)
Totall 6
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 a i M1 n(Na2S2O3) = 0.300 × 20 OR 0.006(0) mol 3

1000
(= n(SO2))
M2 Mr of SO2 = 32 + (2 x16) OR 64
M3 mass of SO2 = (0.006 × 64) = 0.38 (g) Mark CQ throughout

Accept any number of sig fig
Correct final answer with or without marking
scores 3 marks
ii M1 mass of SO2 in 1 dm3 = 0.38(4) × 1000 M1 CQ on M3 in ai

50
= 7.6(8) (g) Accept any number of sig fig
M2 this is less than 100 so no SO2 will escape If candidate value for M1 is greater than 100,
award M2 for opposite argument
If no answer to M1 then M2 cannot be awarded
OR
M1 volume of solvent is 50cm3 which would If answers based on volume of solvent = 20cm3
dissolve eg 20cm3 which would dissolve (100/50) =
(100/20) = 5(g) 2(g)
M2 0.384(g) is less than 5(g) so no SO2 0.384(g) is less than 2(g) so no SO2 would
would escape escape worth 1 mark
b as the (hydrochloric) acid/HCl is added Allow (immediately) after (all) the acid/HCl
added
1
Ignore when the solutions are mixed
c i timer started too late / stopped too early
OR
1
thermometer (scale) read incorrectly / timer read Allow misread/incorrectly recorded the
incorrectly temperature/time
ii 19.5 (s) Accept range 19-20

1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 d i M1 times are (very) short Accept reaction happens too/very/so quickly

(so hard to time accurately/precisely)
Ignore reaction is quicker
Ignore hard(er) to measure rate
Allow human reaction time becomes significant
Allow references to shorter times producing
greater percentage (measurement)
2
uncertainties/errors
M2 heat loss greater Accept heat loss occurs more quickly

Accept difficult to maintain a higher
temperature/keep temperature constant
Ignore references to evaporation occurring
ii M1 more collisions/particles have energy Ignore particles have more (kinetic) energy
equal to/greater than the activation energy Ignore harder/more vigorous collisions
Ignore references to speed of particles
2
M2 (therefore there are) more successful collisions if state activation energy is lowered scores 0/2
(per second) references to concentration scores 0/2
e Any three from
M1 concentration of the (hydrochloric/nitric) acid
M2 volume of the (hydrochloric/nitric) acid Allow amount for volume
M3 volume of sodium thiosulfate If neither M2 or M3 scored allow 1 mark for

total volume of the mixture OR
M4 temperature depth of liquid in the flask
3
Ignore reference to volume of water
Ignore references to size of flask/same
apparatus
Ignore references to distance of eye from flask/
the X/references to timing
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) M1 iron reacted with oxygen Accept iron 2
combined/bonded
with oxygen
Accept iron oxide
formed
Accept iron is
oxidised
Ignore iron uses
oxygen
Ignore iron rusts
Ignore references
to reacting with
water
M2 all oxygen is reacted / (all) Accept references

oxygen used up / no oxygen left to 20% or 20cm3
of the air which is
oxygen used
up/reacted
Reject all iron

used up
Ignore reaction
has finished
(b) M1 iron(II) sulfate / iron sulfate reject any other 2

oxidation state
M2 hydrogen
(c) M1 (Fe2+) – green precipitate/solid ignore shades 2
reject other
colours eg blue-
green
M2 (Fe3+) – brown precipitate/solid accept red-brown

/ orange brown
Ignore rust
coloured
reject red on its

own
Allow 1 mark if
both answers
correct but
reversed
Ignore references
to colours of
solutions
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) correct final answer 2
M1 (mol NaHCO3 =) 10.5/84 or 0.125 with no working
scores 2
M2 (so mass CO2 = 0.0625 x 44 = ) 2.8 accept 2.75
(g) M2 CQ on M1
OR
M1 168 g NaHCO3 give 44 g CO2
M2 10.5 g NaHCO3 give 2.75 g CO2
(b) correct final answer 2

with no working
scores 2
if answer is
incorrect mark CQ
to (a)
M1 (mol CO2 =) 2.75 ÷ 44 or 0.0625
M2 (0.0625 x 24000) = 1500 (cm3) CQ answer to M1
accept 1.5(00) dm3
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 a i carbon monoxide 1
ii decreases capacity of blood (cells) to carry oxygen Accept CO combines with haemoglobin 1
OR / forms carboxyhaemoglobin
stops blood (cells) from carrying oxygen Accept CO displaces/replaces oxygen in
haemoglobin
Ignore CO combines with red blood cells
Ignore references to suffocation / lack of
oxygen in lungs stopping breathing / gas
exchange
Ignore just affects haemoglobin
Reject destroys haemoglobin
b i 6KClO3 + S + P4S3 → 6KCl + 4SO2 + P4O10 M1 coefficient of 6 for KCl 2

M2 coefficient of 4 for SO2
Max 1 mark if equation unbalanced

Ignore 1 for other coefficients
0 for other coefficients loses M2
ii activation (energy) 1
Total 5 marks
Question
Expected answer Accept Reject Marks
number
4 (a) (i) 108/24 1 mark for answer of 1
4.8(2) (molar volume
= 4.5 = 22.4dm3) 1
(ii) Mr of NaN3 = 65 23 + (14 x3) 1
Moles of NaN3 = 3 OR two thirds of (a)(i) 1
Mass of NaN3 = 195 (g) OR moles of NaN3 x Mr Correct answer with no 1

working scores 3
[Mark consequentially at each stage]
(b) (i) Removes (harmful) sodium Produces more 1

nitrogen / gas OR bag
inflates more quickly
(ii) K2O(s) + SiO2(s) → K2SiO3(s) 1

OR
K2O(s) + SiO2(s) → K2SiO3(l)
IGNORE same numbers of Na2O on both sides of

equation
(c) (i) Precipitation Double decomposition Double displacement 1

1
(ii) Filtration / filter Decanting / pour off Sieving / evaporation
IGNORE refs to adding water liquid / distillation /
crystallisation / heat
Total 9 Marks
Question
number
5 (a) (i) M1 - One mark for (144 ÷ 1
24) = 6
M2 - 0.006
1
(ii) 0.006 1
(iii) M1 - 1
.
.
M2 - 148 (MUST be a whole number)

1
(iv) M1 - (CO3) = 60 1
M2 - 88 1
M3 - Sr / strontium answer csq on 1

correctly calculated
value of M2 (i.e. metal
closest to calculated
Mark csq throughout part (a) Ar), but must be a
Group 2 metal
Question Answer
nswer A Reject Marks
Number
5 (b) Any two from: 2
M1 - gas was lost between adding acid and

replacing bung
M2 - bung does not fit/there are leaks in the
apparatus
M3 - some gas dissolved/reacted in the water
M4 - the carbonate was impure
M5 - the temperature (of the gas) was lower than
room
temperature/25ºC
Total 10
Question
number
6 (a) (15.0 ÷1000) x 0.0010 1
= 1.5(0) x 10-5 1.5 x 10 −2 for 1 mark 1

(b) answer to (a) 1
(c) answer to (b) x 1000 1
25.0
answer to (b) ÷ 25 for 1
correct evaluation (= 0.0006(0)) 1 mark
(d) Mr of SO2 = 64 1
answer to (c) x Mr of SO2 (= 0.038(4)) 1
Final answer must be to 2 or more sig fig

(e) The wine is drinkable consequential on (d) 1
Ignore any explanations
Total
Tot 8
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) B
1
A
1
D
1
C
1
(b) Mixture 1
Compound 1
Mixture 1
Total
o 7

Chemistry CALC Revision

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Chemistry CALC Revision

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1 The apparatus in the diagram is used to heat a sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate

CuSO4.5H2O(s) o CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l)

(a) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show where heat is applied.

mass of water = ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

Three possible equations for the decomposition are

Mass of solid Amount of solid

K2CO3 138 5.52

(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)

metal + acid salt + hydrogen

(i) The name of the salt formed in the student’s experiment is

(c) Water is formed when hydrogen combines with oxygen.

Equation 1 CoCl2.2H2O(s) + 4H2O(l) CoCl2.6H2O(s)

In this reaction there is a colour change from blue to pink.

(i) Which word describes both cobalt compounds in equation 1?

Equation 2 CoCl2.6H2O(s) CoCl2.2H2O(s) + 4H2O(g)

What do equations 1 and 2 suggest about the reactions?

(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

(a) (i) Give the name of this piece of apparatus.

(ii) What volume of hydrochloric acid is in the apparatus?

Amount = .................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) o ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)

Volume of sulfuric acid used in cm3 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 40

Volume of carbon dioxide collected in cm3 0 16 47 61 64 78 80 80

volume of carbon dioxide = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3

volume of sulfuric acid = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3

(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

(ii) What name is given to this type of reaction?

The equation for the reaction is

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(d) Sulfur burns in oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2).

(ii) Universal indicator is added to the solution formed in (d)(i).

(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

(a) The experiment is repeated using

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

This is the student’s method.

The equation for the reaction is

Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

amount of sodium carbonate = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . . . mol

(ii) The volume of carbon dioxide collected is 110 cm3.

volume of one mole of carbon dioxide = ..................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . cm3

(Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)

This is done by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to calcium carbonate.

(a) Give the names of the pieces of apparatus labelled A, B and C.

(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

amount of magnesium = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

amount of HCl = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)

sodium thiosulfate solution

(a) The equation for the reaction is

(i) Calculate the mass of sulfur dioxide formed in this experiment.

mass of sulfur dioxide formed = ................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(i) The result at (14, 42) is anomalous.

As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases.

(Total for Question 5 = 15 marks)

100cm3 80cm3 80cm3

start after one week after two weeks

Iron + sulfuric acid ĺ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... + ........................................................................

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

• pour in 290cm3 of buttermilk and stir quickly to form a soft dough