‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺮﻓﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫*‪/‬ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‪.‬‬
‫*‪/‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ /‬ﺤل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻴﺅﻭل ﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤل "ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺠﺩﺍﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫*‪/‬ﺤل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺒﺭﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ /‬ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺤل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ /‬ﺤل ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺠﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺤﻠﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﺩﺭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫*‪ /‬ﺤل ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺒﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺠﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﻨـﺸــﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪:‬‬

‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺠﺩﺍﺀ ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨﻭﺍﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ,a , b, c, d , k‬ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫‪k (a + b) = ka +kb.‬‬
‫‪K ( a – b) = ka – kb.‬‬
‫‪( a + b )( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd .‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﺸﺭ ﻭ ﺒﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪A = 3 ( 2 + 5X ) =3 × 2 + 3 × 5X = 6 + 5X.‬‬
‫)‪B = ( X + 4 )( X + 3) = (X × X)+(X × 3) + (4 × X) + (4 × 3‬‬
‫‪= X2 + 3X + 4X +12‬‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪3X+4X :‬‬

‫‪B = X2 + 7X + 12.‬‬
 ‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪( a + b )2 = a2 + 2 ab + b2‬‬ ‫*ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ‪ 2 ab‬ﻫﻭ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﺀ ﻟـ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪b‬‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪ A‬ﺤﻴﺙ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪A = ( x + 3‬‬
‫‪= x2 + 2(x‬‬ ‫‪× 3) + 32‬‬
‫‪A = x2 + 6x + 9.‬‬
‫* ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻓﺭﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪( a + b ) = a + 2ab +b‬‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪ A‬ﺤﻴﺙ ‪:‬‬

‫‪A = ( x – 4 )2‬‬
‫‪= x2 – 2 (4 × x) + 42‬‬
‫‪A = x2 – 8x + 16.‬‬
‫*ﺠﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻭﻓﺭﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪( a + b)( a – b ) = a – b .‬‬

‫ﺃﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪ A‬ﺤﻴﺙ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬

‫)‪A = ( x + 2 )( x – 2‬‬
‫‪= x2 – (2)2‬‬
‫‪A = x2 – 4.‬‬
 ‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺭﻕ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺭﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻲ ﻨﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‪،‬‬

‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺠﺭﺏ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨـﻭﺍﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ka + kb = k ( a + b ).‬‬
‫‪Ka – kb = k ( a – b ).‬‬
‫‪a2 + 2ab +b2 = ( a + b )2‬‬
‫‪a2 - 2ab +b2 = ( a - b )2 .‬‬
‫‪a2 - b2 = ( a + b ) ( a – b ).‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺤﻠل ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪A = 4x + 12 =4x + 4 × 3‬‬
‫‪A = 4 ( x + 3 ).‬‬
‫‪B = (x + 2)(2x +1) – (x +2 ) x‬‬
‫)‪= ( x + 2 )( 2x +1 – x‬‬
‫‪B = ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1 ).‬‬
‫‪C = x2 + 16x + 64‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻨﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫‪C =x2 + 2(8x) 82‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ‬

‫‪C = ( x + 8 ) 2.‬‬ ‫‪(a+b)2=a2 +2ab +b2‬‬

‫‪D = x2 – 9‬‬
‫‪D = x2 –3a2‬‬
‫)‪D =(x – 3)(x +3‬‬
 ‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ‪:‬‬

‫‪ A , B , C‬ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻜل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ‪X‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪AX = B‬‬
‫* ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪ A ≠ 0‬ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ AX=B‬ﻫﻭ ‪X= B‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ AX = B‬ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻤل ‪ X‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻭ ﻭﺤﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل)‪ : (1‬ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪5X + 2 = 2X + 3 :‬‬
‫ﻨﻁﺭﺡ –‪ 2‬ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‪5X+2-2 = 2X+3-2 :‬‬
‫ﻨﻁﺭﺡ ‪ 2X‬ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‪5X=2X+1 :‬‬
‫‪5X-2X=2X-2X+1‬‬
‫‪3X = 1‬‬
‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪1 × 3X = 1 × 1 : 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪X= 1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ X = 1‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭل ‪ X‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل)‪: (2‬‬
‫ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪5 X = 4 :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫‪3 × 5 X= 3 × 4‬‬
‫‪5 3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪X = 12‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ‪5 × 12 =4 :‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ‪ 12 :‬ﻫﻭ ﺤل ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ 1. 4‬ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪: (ax + b)(cx + d)=0‬‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﺍﻥ‪a;b:‬‬
‫‪ : a‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪ a=0 :‬ﺃﻭ ‪b=0‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‪× b = 0‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ (ax + b)(cx + d) = 0‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺤﻠﻭل ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ‪ ax + b = 0‬ﻭ ‪cx + d = 0‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪(2x – 7)(-8x – 9) = 0 :‬‬
‫* ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪2x-7 = 0 :‬‬

‫‪ 2x = 7‬ﺃﻱ ‪x = 7‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫* ﻨﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪-8x-9 = 0 :‬‬

‫= ‪x‬‬ ‫‪ -8x = 9‬ﺃﻱ ‪9‬‬

‫‪−8‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ (2x-7)(-8x-9) = 0 :‬ﻫﻤﺎ‪ 7 :‬ﻭ ‪. 9‬‬
‫‪−8‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪3x + 2y = -1 …(1)… :‬‬
‫…)‪4x + y = 2 …(2‬‬
‫ﺇﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺠﺒﺭﻴﻴﻥ ‪ Y‬ﻭ ‪x‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ‪ x = 1‬ﻭ ‪ y =-2‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻭﺘﻴﻥ)‪ (1‬ﻭ )‪ (2‬ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪...(1)... 3x1 + 2(-2) = 3-4 = -1‬‬
‫‪...(2)... 4x1 + (-2) = 4-2 = 2‬‬
‫* ﻨﻘﻭل ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ)‪ (-2 ، 1‬ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺤﻼ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪ (1 ،-2‬ﺤﻼ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻫﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ 1. 5‬ﺤل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺤل ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ -‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺜﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﺤل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫…)‪3x + 2y = -1 …(1‬‬
‫…)‪4x + y = 2 …(2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪...(2)...‬ﻤﺜﻼ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ‪y = 2-4x :‬‬
‫ﻨﻌﻭﺽ ‪ y = 2-4x‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪...(1)...‬ﻓﻨﺠﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪3x + 2(2-4x) = -1‬‬

‫‪3x + 4-8x = -1‬‬
‫‪ -5x = -5‬ﺃﻱ‪x = 1 :‬‬
‫ﻨﻌﻭﺽ ‪ x = 1‬ﻓﻲ ‪y = 2-4x‬‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ‪y = 2-4 × 1 :‬‬
‫‪y = 2-4‬‬
‫‪Y = -2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻌل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﻲ ﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻉ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻜﺴﻴﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺭﻑ‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﻨﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫…)‪1 × 3x+2y = -1 …(1‬‬
‫× )‪(-2‬‬ ‫)‪4x+y = 2 …(2‬‬

‫…)‪3x+2y = -1 …(‘1‬‬
‫…)‪-8x-2y = -4 …(‘2‬‬
‫‪3x-8x+2y-2y = -1-4‬‬
 ‫‪-5x+0 = -5‬‬
‫‪-5x = -5‬‬
‫‪x=1‬‬
‫ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺠﻌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﻲ ‪ x‬ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻜﺴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(-4‬‬ ‫…)‪× 3x+2y = -1 …(1‬‬
‫…)‪(+3) × 4x+y = 2 …(2‬‬

‫…)‪-1 2x-8y = +4 …(‘1‬‬

‫…)‪+1 2x+3y = +6 …(‘2‬‬

‫‪-12x+12x-8y+3y = +4+6‬‬
‫‪-5y = +10‬‬

‫‪y = -2‬‬ ‫‪y = 10‬‬ ‫‪-5y = +10‬‬

‫‪−5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪ (1 ، -2‬ﻫﻭ ﺤل ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ )‪: (1‬‬

‫ﺘﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﻤﺎ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ‪3x+2y = -1 …(1)… :‬‬
‫…)‪4x+y = 2 …(2‬‬

‫ﺒﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﺜﻼ‪x = 1 :‬‬

‫ﻨﻌﻭﺽ ‪ x = 1‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ)‪ (1‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ)‪. (2‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‪3x 1 +2y = -1 …(1)… :‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪× 1+2y = -1‬‬

 ‫‪3+2y = -1‬‬
‫‪2y = -1-3‬‬
‫‪y = -2‬‬ ‫‪Y = −4‬‬ ‫‪2y = -4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪(1 ، -2) :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺤل‪:‬‬
‫…)‪3x+2y = -1 …(1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪:‬‬

‫…)‪4x+y = 2 …(2‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫…)‪Y = -3x-1 …(d‬‬
‫)’‪Y = -4x+2 …(d‬‬

‫‪(d) : x = 0 / y = −1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(0 ، - 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(d’) : x = 0 / y = 2‬‬
‫)‪(0 ، 2‬‬

‫ﻨﺭﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ ﻭ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ )‪ (d‬ﻭ )’‪(d‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤل )‪ (1 ، -2‬ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻥ )‪ (d‬ﻭ )’‪. (d‬‬
 ‫‪ .6‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺍﺠﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺨـﻭﺍﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬ﻭ‪ b‬ﻭ‪ c‬ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ a>0:‬ﻭ ‪ b<c‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪a × b<a × c :‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ a<0 :‬ﻭ ‪ b<c‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪a × b>a × c :‬‬