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14. CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER

SERVICE INFORMATION······················ 14-2 CRANKPIN BEARING ························· 14-10

TROUBLESHOOTING ·························· 14-2 PISTON/CYLINDER ···························· 14-13

COMPONENT LOCATION ····················· 14-3 PISTON OIL JET ································ 14-16

CRANKSHAFT ···································· 14-4 BALANCER ······································· 14-17

MAIN JOURNAL BEARING ··················· 14-7

14

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
SERVICE INFORMATION
CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER

GENERAL
• The crankcase must be separated to service the crankshaft, balancer, cylinder, piston/connecting rod and piston oil jet. Refer to
procedures for crankcase separation (page 13-5).
• Mark and store the connecting rods, bearing caps and bearing inserts to be sure of their correct locations for reassembly.
• The crankpin and main journal bearing inserts are select fit and are identified by color codes. Select replacement bearings from
the code tables. After selecting new bearings, recheck the oil clearance with a plastigauge. Incorrect oil clearance can cause
major engine damage.

TOOLS
Driver Attachment, 42 x 47 mm Pilot, 20 mm
07949-3710001 07746-0010300 07746-0040500

TROUBLESHOOTING
Cylinder compression is too low, hard to starting or poor performance at low speed
• Leaking cylinder head gasket
• Worn, stuck or broken piston ring
• Worn or damaged cylinder and piston
Cylinder compression too high, overheating or knocking
• Excessive carbon built-up on piston head or combustion chamber
Excessive smoke
• Worn cylinder, piston or piston ring
• Improper installation of piston rings
• Scored or scratched piston or cylinder wall
Abnormal noise
• Worn piston pin or piston pin hole
• Worn connecting rod small end
• Worn cylinder, piston or piston rings
• Worn main journal bearings
• Worn crankpin bearings
Engine vibration
• Excessive crankshaft runout

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
COMPONENT LOCATION

33.3 N·m (3.4 kgf·m, 25 lbf·ft)

12 N·m (1.2 kgf·m, 9 lbf·ft)

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
CRANKSHAFT
SIDE CLEARANCE INSPECTION
Separate the crankcase halves (page 13-5).
Measure the connecting rod side clearance.
SERVICE LIMIT: 0.30 mm (0.012 in)
If the clearance exceeds the service limit, replace the
connecting rod (page 14-13).
Recheck and if still out of limit, replace the crankshaft
(page 14-4).

REMOVAL

Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must be

installed in their original locations or the correct bearing
oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting in engine
damage.
Separate the crankcase halves (page 13-5).
[3] [1]
Mark the bearing caps and bearings as you remove
them to indicate the correct cylinder for reassembly.
Be careful not to Remove the crankpin bearing cap nuts [1] and bearing
damage the caps [2].
crankpin, main
• Tap the side of the cap lightly if the bearing cap is
journal and bearing
hard to remove.
inserts.
Remove the crankshaft [3].

Before removal, position all the pistons at TDC (Top

Dead Center) to prevent damaging the crankpin with [2]
the connecting rod.
Remove the main journal bearings [1] from both
[1]
crankcase halves.
Remove the crankpin bearings [2] from the connecting
rods and bearing caps.

Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must be

installed in their original locations or the correct bearing
oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting in engine
damage.

[2]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
INSPECTION
Support the crankshaft on both end journals.
[1]
Set a dial gauge on the center main journal of the
crankshaft avoiding the oil groove and hole.
Rotate the crankshaft two revolutions (720°) and read
the runout.
SERVICE LIMIT: 0.05 mm (0.002 in)
Check the balancer drive gear [1] teeth for abnormal
wear or damage.

INSTALLATION
Install the main journal bearings [1] and crankpin
[1]
bearings [2] in the original locations.
– main journal bearing (page 14-10)
– crankpin bearing (page 14-13) Align
Align

Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must be

installed in their original locations or the correct bearing
oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting in engine
damage.
Apply molybdenum oil solution to the main journal
bearing sliding surfaces on the upper crankcase and
crankpin bearing sliding surfaces on the connecting [2]
rods.
Align both the piston skirt ends with the cylinder edges.
Apply molybdenum oil solution to the thrust surfaces of
the crankshaft as shown.

Align the balancer shaft end groove with the projection

of the upper crankcase.

Align

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
Be careful not to Hold the crankshaft [1] over the crankcase securely
Front
damage the with " " mark [2] on the balancer drive gear facing the
crankpin, main front side of the engine, and set its crankpins onto the
journal and bearing connecting rods.
inserts.
Install the crankshaft onto the upper crankcase while
aligning the balancer driven gear index line [3] between
[2]
the balancer drive gear index lines [4] as shown.

[1]

[4]

[3]

Set the connecting rods [1] onto the crankpins.

[1]

Clean the mating surface of the connecting rods and

crankpin bearing caps with solvent and blow them with
compressed air.

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
Apply molybdenum oil solution to the crankpin bearing
sliding surfaces on the crankpin bearing caps.
Install the crankpin bearing caps [1] by aligning the I.D.
code number on the connecting rod and bearing cap.
Align

Be sure to install each part in its original position, as

noted during removal.

[1]

Apply engine oil to the crankpin bearing cap nut threads

[1]
and seating surfaces.
Install and tighten the crankpin bearing cap nuts [1] in 2
or 3 steps alternately to the specified torque.
TORQUE: 33.3 N·m (3.4 kgf·m, 25 lbf·ft)
Assemble the crankcase halves (page 13-6).

MAIN JOURNAL BEARING

Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must be

installed in their original locations or the correct bearing
oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting in engine
damage.
BEARING INSPECTION
Remove the crankshaft (page 14-4).
[2]
Check the main journal bearing inserts [1] for unusual
wear or peeling.
Check the bearing tabs [2] and surfaces for damage.
If the main journal bearing damaged, select a
replacement bearing (page 14-9).

[1]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
OIL CLEARANCE INSPECTION
Remove the crankshaft (page 14-4).
[1]
Clean off any oil from the bearing inserts and main
journals.
Install the crankshaft onto the upper crankcase (page
14-5).
Do not rotate the Put a strip of plastigauge [1] lengthwise on each main
crankshaft during journal avoiding the oil hole.
inspection.

Install the dowel pins [1] onto the upper crankcase [2].
[1]

[2] [1]

Install the lower crankcase [1] onto the upper

[2]
crankcase.
Clean the crankcase main journal bolts (reuse) in 4 2 6
solvent, and dry them thoroughly.
Apply engine oil to the crankcase main journal bolt
threads and seating surfaces.
3 1 5
Install the crankcase main journal bolts [2].
Make sure the upper and lower crankcase are seated
securely.
Tighten the crankcase main journal bolts in numerical
order as shown in a crisscross pattern in 2 or 3 steps to
the specified torque. [1]
Further tighten the crankcase main journal bolts 120°.
TORQUE: 15 N·m (1.5 kgf·m, 11 lbf·ft) + 120°
Remove the crankcase main journal bolt and lower
crankcase.
Measure the compressed plastigauge at its widest point
on each main journal to determine the oil clearance.
SERVICE LIMIT: 0.05 mm (0.002 in)
If the oil clearance exceeds the service limit, select a
replacement bearing (page 14-9).

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
BEARING SELECTION
Letters (A, B or C) Record the crankcase bearing support I.D. code letters
on the left side of [1] from left side of the upper crankcase as shown.
upper crankcase
are bearing support
I.D. codes from left
to right.

[1]

Numbers (1, 2 or 3) If you are replacing the crankshaft, record the

on the crank weight corresponding main journal O.D. code numbers [1] from
are main journal the crank weight.
O.D. codes from left
If you are reusing the crankshaft, measure the crankpin
to right.
O.D. with a micrometer.

[1]

Cross-reference the main journal and bearing support

[1]
codes to determine the replacement bearing color code
[1].

MAIN JOURNAL BEARING THICKNESS:

A: Black: Thickest
B: Brown:
C: Green:
D: Yellow:
E: Pink: Thinnest

MAIN JOURNAL BEARING SELECTION TABLE:

BEARING SUPPORT I.D. CODE
A B C
37.000 – 37.006 mm 37.006 – 37.012 mm 37.012 – 37.018 mm
(1.4567 – 1.4569 in) (1.4569 – 1.4572 in) (1.4572 – 1.4574 in)
MAIN JOURNAL 34.000 – 34.006 mm E D C
1
O.D. CODE (1.3386 – 1.3388 in) (Pink) (Yellow) (Green)
33.994 – 34.000 mm D C B
2
(1.3383 – 1.3386 in) (Yellow) (Green) (Brown)
33.988 – 33.994 mm C B A
3
(1.3381 – 1.3383 in) (Green) (Brown) (Black)

After selecting new bearings, recheck the clearance

with a plastigauge. Incorrect clearance can cause
severe engine damage.

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
BEARING INSTALLATION
Clean the bearing outer surfaces and crankcase
Align
bearing supports.
Install the main journal bearing inserts [1] onto the
crankcase bearing supports, aligning each tab with
each groove.

[1]

CRANKPIN BEARING

Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must be

installed in their original locations or the correct bearing
oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting in engine
damage.
BEARING INSPECTION
Remove the crankshaft (page 14-4).
[2]
Check the crankpin bearing inserts [1] for unusual wear
or peeling.
Check the bearing tabs [2] and surfaces for damage.
If the crankpin bearing damaged, select a replacement
bearing (page 14-12).

[1]

OIL CLEARANCE INSPECTION

Remove the crankshaft (page 14-4).
Clean the mating surface of the connecting rod and
crankpin bearing cap with solvent and blow them with
compressed air.

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
Clean off any oil from the bearing inserts and crankpins.
[1]
Install the crankshaft onto the upper crankcase (page
14-5).
Set the connecting rods onto the crankpins.
Do not rotate the Put a strip of plastigauge [1] lengthwise on each
crankshaft during crankpin avoiding the oil hole.
inspection.

Install the crankpin bearing caps [1] by aligning the I.D.

code number on the connecting rod and bearing cap.

Be sure to install each part in its original position, as Align

noted during removal.

[1]

Apply engine oil to the crankpin bearing cap nut threads

[1]
and seating surfaces.
Install and tighten the crankpin bearing cap nuts [1] in 2
or 3 steps alternately to the specified torque.
TORQUE: 33.3 N·m (3.4 kgf·m, 25 lbf·ft)
Remove the bearing caps.

Measure the compressed plastigauge at its widest point

on the crankpin to determine the oil clearance.
SERVICE LIMIT: 0.072 mm (0.0028 in)
If the oil clearance exceeds the service limit, select the
correct replacement bearings (page 14-12).

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
BEARING SELECTION
Numbers (1, 2 or 3) Record the connecting rod I.D. code number [1] or
on the connecting measure the I.D. with the crankpin bearing cap installed
rods are the without bearing inserts.
connecting rod I.D.
codes.

[1]

Letters (A, B or C) If you are replacing the crankshaft, record the

on the crank weight corresponding crankpin O.D. code letter [1].
are the crankpin
If you are reusing the crankshaft, measure the crankpin
O.D. codes from left
O.D. with a micrometer.
to right.

[1]

Cross-reference the connecting rod and crankpin codes

[1]
to determine the replacement bearing color code [1].

CRANKPIN BEARING THICKNESS:

A: Blue: Thickest
B: Black:
C: Brown:
D: Green:
E: Yellow: Thinnest

CRANKPIN BEARING SELECTION TABLE:

CONNECTING ROD I.D. CODE
1 2 3
39.000 – 39.006 mm 39.006 – 39.012 mm 39.012 – 39.018 mm
(1.5354 – 1.5357 in) (1.5357 – 1.5359 in) (1.5359 – 1.5361 in)
CRANKPIN O.D. 35.994 – 36.000 mm E D C
A
CODE (1.4171 – 1.4173 in) (Yellow) (Green) (Brown)
35.988 – 35.994 mm D C B
B
(1.4168 – 1.4171 in) (Green) (Brown) (Black)
35.982 – 35.988 mm C B A
C
(1.4166 – 1.4168 in) (Brown) (Black) (Blue)

After selecting new bearings, recheck the clearance

with a plastigauge. Incorrect clearance can cause
severe engine damage.

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
BEARING INSTALLATION
Clean the bearing outer surfaces, crankpin bearing cap
[1]
and connecting rod.
Install the crankpin bearing inserts [1] onto the bearing
cap and connecting rod, aligning each tab with each
groove.

Align

PISTON/CYLINDER
PISTON/CONNECTING ROD
REMOVAL

• Before piston removal, place a clean shop towel

around the connecting rod to prevent damaging the
cylinder sleeve.
• Do not try to remove the piston/connecting rod
assembly from bottom of the cylinder; the assembly
will get stuck in the gap between the cylinder liner
and the upper crankcase.
• Do not interchange the bearing inserts. They must
be installed in their original locations or the correct
bearing oil clearance may not be obtained, resulting
in engine damage.
Remove the following:
– countershaft (page 13-8)
– crankshaft (page 14-4)
Remove the piston/connecting rod assembly [1] from
the top of the cylinder.

[1]

PISTON REMOVAL
Remove the piston pin clips [1] with pliers.
[4] [3]
Push the piston pin [2] out of the piston [3] and
connecting rod [4], and remove the piston.

[2]

[1]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
PISTON RING REMOVAL
Spread each piston ring ends and remove them by
lifting up at a point opposite the gap.

• Do not damage the piston ring by spreading the

ends too far.
• Be careful not to damage the piston when removing
the piston ring.

Clean carbon deposits from the piston ring grooves with

a ring that will be discarded.

• Never use a wire brush; it will scratch the groove.

INSPECTION
Inspect the following parts for scratch, damage,
abnormal wear, deformation, burning or clogs in oil
passages.
– cylinder
– piston
– piston rings
– piston pin
– connecting rod small end
Measure each part and calculate the clearance
according to CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/
BALANCER SPECIFICATIONS (page 1-9).
Replace any part if it is out of service limit.

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
PISTON RING INSTALLATION
Clean the piston ring grooves thoroughly and install the
[1]
piston rings.
• Apply engine oil to the piston ring entire surface and
piston ring grooves.
• Avoid piston and piston ring damage during
installation. 120° [1]
• Install the piston rings with the marked side facing
up.
– "RE" mark: top ring [1] [2]
– "RNE" mark: second ring [2]
• To install the oil ring [3], install the spacer [4] first,
then install the side rails [5].
[3]
Stagger the piston ring end gaps 120° apart from each
other. [2]
Stagger the side rail end gaps as shown.
After installation, the rings should rotate freely in the
ring groove.
20 mm (0.8 in)
[4] or more
[5]

PISTON INSTALLATION
Install the crankpin bearings in the original locations
[1] [3]
(page 14-13).
Apply engine oil to the piston pin hole inner surface.
Apply molybdenum oil solution to the connecting rod
small end inner surface.
Assemble the piston [1] and connecting rod [2] with the
crankpin bearing tab [3] facing to the piston "IN" mark
[4].

[4] [2]

Apply molybdenum oil solution to the piston pin outer

surface.
Install the piston pin [1] and secure it using new piston
pin clips [2].

[1]
• Make sure that the piston pin clips are seated
securely.
• Do not align the piston pin clip end gap with the
piston cutout.

[2]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
Apply engine oil to the cylinder walls and piston sliding
[2]
surface.
Install the piston/ Install the piston/connecting rod assembly [1] into the
connecting rod cylinder using a commercially available piston ring
assembly with the compressor tool [2].
piston "IN" mark [3]
When reusing the connecting rods, they must be
facing the intake
installed in their original locations.
side.

• While installing the piston, be careful not to damage

the top surface of the cylinder, especially around the
cylinder bore.
• Be careful not to damage the cylinder sleeve and [3] [1]
crankpin with the connecting rod.
Make sure the Use the handle of a plastic hammer or equivalent tool to
piston ring tap the piston into the cylinder.
compressor tool sits
Install the following:
flush on the top
surface of the – crankshaft (page 14-5)
cylinder. – countershaft (page 13-13)

PISTON OIL JET

REMOVAL/INSTALLATION
Remove the piston/connecting rod assembly (page 14-
No. 1 cylinder side: No. 2 cylinder side:
13).
Be careful not to Remove the oil jets [1] to the main journal side while
damage the oil jet pushing the oil jet tip from the cylinder side.
hole.
Remove the O-ring [2] from the oil jet.
Clean the oil jets in solvent thoroughly.
Check the oil jets for clogs, and replace them if
necessary.
Blow through the oil passage on the upper crankcase
and oil jet with compressed air.
Coat a new O-ring with engine oil and install it into the
groove in the oil jet. [1] [1]

Install the oil jets into the upper crankcase until it is fully Align
seated while aligning the lug and groove in the
crankcase.
Install the removed parts is in the reverse order of
removal.

[2]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
BALANCER
REMOVAL
Remove the piston/connecting rod assembly (page 14-
[2]
13).
Remove the bolts [1] and balancer/right mainshaft
bearing setting plate [2].

[1]

Position the balancer shaft with the left balancer weight

[1]
[1] facing up.
Slide the balancer shaft off the upper crankcase and
remove the right balancer shaft bearing [2].

[2]

Remove the balancer shaft [1].

[1]

INSPECTION
Inspect the following parts for scratch, damage,
abnormal wear and deformation. Replace if necessary.
– balancer driven gear
– balancer driven sub-gear
– springs
– balancer shaft
– balancer shaft bearings

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
LEFT BALANCER SHAFT BEARING
REPLACEMENT
Drive out the left balancer shaft bearing [1] from the
upper crankcase.

[1]

Drive in squarely Drive in a new left balancer shaft bearing [1] into the
[2]
with the marked upper crankcase until it is fully seated using the special
side facing up. tools.
TOOLS:
[2] Driver 07949-3710001
[3] Attachment, 42 x 47 mm 07746-0010300 [3]
[4] Pilot, 20 mm 07746-0040500

[1] [4]

INSTALLATION
Apply engine oil to the left balancer shaft bearing [1].
[2] [3]
Install the balancer shaft [2] into the upper crankcase
while the left balancer weight [3] is facing up.

[1]

Apply engine oil to the right balancer shaft bearing.

Install with the Install the right balancer shaft bearing [1] into the upper
marked side facing crankcase.
out.

[1]

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CRANKSHAFT/PISTON/CYLINDER/BALANCER
Apply locking agent to the balancer/right mainshaft
[1]
bearing setting plate bolts threads (page 1-18).
Install the balancer/right mainshaft bearing setting plate
[1] and setting plate bolts [2].
Tighten the setting plate bolts to the specified torque.
TORQUE: 12 N·m (1.2 kgf·m, 9 lbf·ft)
Install the piston/connecting rod assembly (page 14-
15).

[2]

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MEMO