Quant – Permutation and Combination

Arrangement
Date of the class: 14th May 2024
Extra topics:

Rules/concepts covered:
-> Circular Arrangements:
Ex. Consider 5 people, A, B, C, D, and E.
 These 5 people can be seated linearly in 5! ways.
 But now, consider a circular table.

 Let us say A has to sit on one of the chairs of this table.

o So, number of ways in which A can be seated = 1.
o This is because, there is no reference point for A, which makes all the chairs identical for A.

 Now, let us say another person ex. B wants to sit on one of the remaining chairs.
o So, B will have 4 ways now, since there is a reference of A's position for B.
 Similarly, there will be 3 ways for 3rd person, 2 ways for the 4th and 1 way for the 5th one.
 Thus, total number of ways = 1 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 = 4!

We are here to help: support@catking.in |+91-730437 04237

 Quant – Permutation and Combination
 Thus, the number of ways in whichArrangement
n things can be arranged circularly is (n – 1)!

 But if there is any sort of reference like the seat numbers given to us, then the number of ways will
become n! for n things.

-> Collinear points:

 The points which can lie on a single straight line are said to be collinear. If they can't lie on a single
straight line, the points are said to be non-collinear.
 2 points are always collinear.

Number of non-collinear points Number of straight lines that can Diagram

form from these points

3 3

4 6

... ... ...

n
n C2 -

We are here to help: support@catking.in |+91-730437 04237

 Quant – Permutation and Combination
never together.
Arrangement
Question 1: Find the number of ways in which 6 boys and 6 girls can be seated in a row such that all girls are

Answer: 475372800
Explanation:
 The question means that we cannot consider all 6 girls as a single unit and make them all seat
together.
 So, the number of arrangements = total arrangements – the number of arrangements in which all
6 girls are together.
o Total arrangements = 12!
o Considering all girls as one unit, the number of arrangements = 7! * 6!
 So, the number of arrangements = 12! – 7! * 6!

Question 2: The number of ways in which the letters of the word "RIVER" can be arranged is:
Answer: 60
Explanation:
 Since there are two R's, we will have to divide the total by 2!.
 So, the number of arrangements = 5! / 2! = 120 / 2 = 60.

Question 3: The number of ways in which the letters of the word "ARRANGE" can be arranged such that:
a. 2 R's are never together
b. 2 A's are together but 2 R's are not
c. Neither 2 A's nor 2 R's are together
Answer:
a. 900
b. 240
Explanation:
 Consider a.
o The number of arrangements = total arrangements – arrangements in which 2 R's are together
o Total arrangements = 7! / (2! x 2!) = 1260 (2 A's and 2 R's)
o Arrangements in which 2 R's are together = 6! / 2! = 360 (considered 2 R's as 1 unit)
o Thus, the number of arrangements = 1260 – 360 = 900
 Consider b.
o The number of arrangements = arrangements in which 2 A's together – arrangements in which 2
A's and 2 R's together.
o Arrangements in which 2 A's together = 6! / 2! = 360 (considered 2 A's as one unit)
o Arrangements in which 2 R's and 2 A's together = 5! = 120 (considered 2 R's as one unit and
2 A's as one)
o Thus, the number of arrangements = 360 – 120 = 240

We are here to help: support@catking.in |+91-730437 04237

 Quant – Permutation and Combination
drawn?
Arrangement
Question 4: If we have 5 non-collinear points and 4 more collinear points, how many straight lines can be

Answer: 31
Explanation:
 The number of straight lines that can be drawn using 4 collinear points = 1.
 Method – 1:
o Number of straight lines = Number of straight lines if all 9 points were non-collinear – Number of
straight lines that can be drawn from 4 non-collinear points + 1
o Number of straight lines if all 9 points were non-collinear = 9C2 = 36
o Number of straight lines from 4 non-collinear points = 4C2 = 6
o Thus, number of straight lines = 36 – 6 + 1 = 31
 Method – 2:
o Number of straight lines = Number of lines from 5 non-collinear points + number of lines by
taking one of 5 non-collinear points and one of 4 collinear points + number of lines from 4
collinear points
o Number of lines from 5 non-collinear points = 5C2 = 10
o Number of lines taking one of 5 non-collinear points and one of 4 collinear points = 5C1 x 4C1 = 20
o Number of lines from 4 collinear points = 1
o Thus, number of straight lines = 10 + 20 + 1 = 31

Question 5: If we have 7 non-collinear points and 5 collinear points, how many straight lines can be drawn?
Answer: 57
Explanation:
 Number of straight lines = Number of lines from 7 non-collinear points + number of lines by taking one
of 7 non-collinear points and one of 5 collinear points + number of lines from 5 collinear points
 Number of lines from 7 non-collinear points = 7C2 = 21
 Number of lines taking one of 7 non-collinear points and one of 5 collinear points = 7C1 x 5C1 = 35
 Number of lines from 5 collinear points = 1
 Thus, number of straight lines = 21 + 35 + 1 = 57

No. of questions covered: 5

Homework: Solve Q3 – c.

We are here to help: support@catking.in |+91-730437 04237

 Quant – Permutation and Combination
Arrangement

We are here to help: support@catking.in |+91-730437 04237