CHAPTERS 3-5

1. Vocabulary. Recall the situations the words were used in. Learn these words, make a word-charts with
a definition, synonyms, examples in usage.

Conceived /kənˈsiːv/ уявити собі think up · produce · form ·

to be able to imagine something

The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be.

Implements - /ˈɪmplɪmənt/ a tool інструмент

Sometimes the work was hard; the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals,
and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs.

dole out- роздавати deal, dispense, distribute, and divide

to distribute something in equal portions

Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by
themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master.

count on- розраховувати на depend on, trust, rely on, bank on, take for granted

to depend on someone or expect something:

But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made,

the other could be counted on to oppose it.

Blithely /ˈblaɪð.li/легковажно breezily, laughingly, joyfully

happily and without feeling or showing any worry, especially when there is a reason to be worried:

One day, as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover
took her aside.

indefatigable /ˌɪn.dɪˈfæt.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/ невтомний meticulous, tireless, relentless,

always determined and energetic in trying to achieve something and never willing to admit defeat:

Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. He
was indefatigable at this.

Paddock-field,yard

a small field or enclosure where horses are kept or exercised.

Even when it was resolved — a thing no one could object to in itself — to set aside the small paddock

behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the
correct retiring age for each class of animal.

recreation- /ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən/ відпочинок relaxation, fun, entertainment, amusement

(a way of) enjoying yourself when you are not working:

The Meeting always ended with the singing of ‘Beasts of England’, and the afternoon was given up to
recreation.

cryptic /ˈkrɪp.tɪk/ - загадковий enigmatic/mysterious/confusing

mysterious and difficult to understand:

None of you has ever seen a dead donkey,” and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer.

Faculty /ˈfæk.əl.ti/ здібність skill · ability · craft · expertise

a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc

Benjamin could read as well as any pig, but never exercised his faculty.

Seclusion- /sɪˈklu·ʒən/ усамітнення-solitude,isolation

the state of being private and away from other people

He took them up into a loft which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept
them in such seclusion that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence.

parasitical /ˌpær.əˈsɪt.ɪk/ паразитичний bloodsucking, leechlike, parasitic

relating to or caused by parasites

With the worthless parasitical human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat.

Maxim /ˈmæk.sɪm/сентенція proverb, saying, word, motto,

a short statement of a general truth, principle, or rule for behaviour

After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a
single maxim, namely: “Four legs good, two legs bad.”

ambush-/ˈæm·bʊʃ/засідка-wait,hide,ambuscade

a sudden and surprising attack on a person or group by one or more people who have been hiding and
waiting for them:

As soon as they were well inside the yard, the three horses, the three cows, and the rest of the pigs, who
had been lying in ambush in the cowshed, suddenly emerged in their rear, cutting them off. Snowball now
gave the signal for the charge.

shirk – ухилятися evade dodge / avoid/ get out of

to avoid work, duties, or responsibilities, especially if they are difficult or unpleasant:

Nobody shirked — or almost nobody.

Ignominious /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/- ганебний-shameful, disgraceful, inglorious

(especially of events or behaviour) embarrassing because of being a complete failure:

And so within five minutes of their invasion they were in ignominious retreat by the same way as they had
come, with a flock of geese hissing after them and pecking at their calves all the way.

Manoeuvre /məˈnuː.vər/ -маневр-operation,move,action

a planned action

However, this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre, intended to create a little disorder, and the men
easily drove the geese off with their sticks.

Retreat- /rɪˈtrit/відступ-backdown,flinch,diversion

the act of going away from a person or place because you are unwilling to fight any more or are frightened:

But once again the men, with their sticks and their hobnailed boots, were too strong for them; and
suddenly, at a squeal from Snowball, which was the signal for retreat, all the animals turned and fled
through the gateway into the yard.
Posthumously /ˈpɑːs.tʃə.məs.li/посмертно delayed.postmortem.belated.late.

after a person's death:

There was also “Animal Hero, Second Class,”which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep.

exploits/ˈek.splɔɪt/ подвиг feat, act, achievement, enterprise

something unusual, brave, or funny that someone has done:

The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement, each recounting his own exploits in the battle
at the top of his voice.

Pretext /ˈpri·tekst/привід justification, reason, excuse, pretense

a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real reason:

On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would
stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water.

ratify /ˈræt̬.ə.faɪ/затверджувати approve.confirm.validate

(especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official

It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should
decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote.

Contemplate

eloquence /ˈel.ə.kwəns/красномовство rhetoric.oratory

the quality of delivering a clear, strong message:

Until now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies, but in a moment Snowball’s
eloquence had carried them away.

Disinter /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈtɝː/ відривати tear off/ tear away/dig up

to find and use something that has not been seen or used for a long time

The skull of old Major, now clean of flesh, had been disinterred from the orchard and set up on a stump

at the foot of the flagstaff, beside the gun.

2. Match the word with the synonyms:

1. cryptic- obscure, puzzling-загадковий

2. hoisting- raising, erecting-підйомний

3. obstinate- stubborn, pigheaded-впертий
4. propulsion - force, momentum- поштовх
5. conferred- deliberated; bestowed-обміркований

6. ignominious- shameful, humiliating- ганебний

7. monstrous- horrific, terrible-жахливий

8. scorn- ridicule- незвага
9. fantastic- bizarre, incredible-неймовірний
10. gruff- rough, brusque, stern-грубий
11. eloquence- the ability to speak persuasively or expressively
12. exploit- an adventure or exciting story
13. invasion- an entrance, esp. of an armed force, as if to take over-вторгнення
14. welfare- an individual’s health and well-being-добробут
15. motto- a brief statement expressing the guiding principles – гасло
16. maxim- an expression, usually a general truth or principle-сентенція
17. seclusion- to be hidden, in secret, not easily seen
18.resolution- solution to the problem, voted by an organization
3. Translation. Translate the sentences into English. Use the words from the vocabulary list.
1. Коли Джонс із слугами хотів захопити ферму, тварини використали хитрий маневр та атакували
людей із засідки. Налякані люди ганебно відступили.
When mr. Jones wanted to take over the farm with farmhands, animals used a cunning maneuver and
ambushed people.
2. Всі тварини красномовно розповідали про свої подвиги, а вівцю посмертно нагородили медаллю.
All the animals spoke eloquently about their exploits, and the sheep was posthumously awarded a medal.
3. Хоча тварини не мали потрібних інструментів, вони невтомно працювали заради свого
майбутнього добробуту, і ніхто не ухилявся від роботи.
Although the animals didn`t have the necessary implements, they worked indefatigably for their future
welfare, no one didn`t shirk.
4. У неділю після сніданку спочатку тварини піднімали прапор, зроблений із зеленої скатерки,
обговорювали та затверджували плани, а вечір відводився на відпочинок.
On Saturday after breakfast the animals first hoisted up the flag made of a green tablecloth, discussed and
ratified the plans, and the evening was set aside for recreation.
4. Questions:
Chapter 3.- https://quizlet.com/186274062/animal-farm-chapters-3-4-flash-cards/

1. How did the animals manage the harvest after the Rebellion? What was idyllic about the first year’s
effort?
In Chapter 3 of Animal Farm, the harvest is successful because the animals are motivated by their
freedom, and they work together to make sure that nothing is wasted. They also do not have human
taking any of their harvest, so there is more for the animals.
2. How are Molly and the cat alike in approaching work?
The cat is portrayed as a conniving animal, who skips out on work but always shows up for meal
time.
3. What is Boxer’s personal motto?
The powerful and hard-working Boxer does most of the heavy labor, adopting “I will work harder!”
as a personal motto. The entire animal community reveres his dedication and strength.
4. What is Benjamin’s attitude after the rebellion? What is he fond of saying and what does it mean?
Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the
same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for
extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion.
5. Describe the flag that the animals adopt and its symbolism.
 The flag's green background represents the fields of England, and its white hoof and horn symbolize
the animals. The morning rituals also include a democratic meeting, at which the animals debate and
establish new policies for the collective good
The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and
horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race
had been finally overthrown.
6. How do Snowball and Napoleon compete for power? What are the “perks” of getting it? Why could
they gain it so easily? Why are the animals so easy to manipulate? Notice what kind of language the
pigs use. Quote and explain.
The pigs start using propaganda in Chapter 3. Squealer is sent to lie to the other animals about the
milk and apples. His speech runs: "Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health.
Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely
necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and
organisation of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for
YOUR sake we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs
failed in our duty? Jones would come back!"
Chapter 4.
1. Who are the agents of espionage for Animal Farm, and what is their
message?
The agents of espionage in Animal Farm are the pigeons. After the animals seize control of Manor
Farm, the pigs instruct the pigeons to spread the word to the surrounding farms.
2. What are the neighboring farms called and who are their owners? What
is the typical relationship between them?
Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood Farm and Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield—who own the farms adjacent to
Animal Farm—grow anxious of their own animals rebelling.
3. How do the farmers try to discredit what is happening on Animal Farm?
they refuse to call it animal farm and they make up rumors saying they practice cannibalism and
torture each other.
4. Describe the Battle of the Cowshed. Characterize Snowball as the
leader. What is his role in the battle?
In October, Jones and a group of men arrive at Animal Farm and attempt to seize control of it.
Snowball turns out to be an extraordinary tactician and, with the help of the other animals, drives
Jones and his men away. The animals then celebrate their victory in what they call "The Battle of the
Cowshed."
5. Over what do Snowball and Boxer disagree? What reasons can you
think of that might support Boxer’s or Snowball’s opposing views on
killing?
Boxer had no intention of killing Mr. Jones, but Snowball says that there is never a good reason to
feel bad for killing a human being.
7. Where is Napoleon during the battle?
Napoleon does not actually appear in the Battle of the Cowshed. However, he uses the battle for his
own self-interests. After the tales of the battle spread, he manipulates those tales for his own rise to
power. He develops a bitter rivalry with the hero, Snowball.
8. What is the significance of the gun’s placement at the foot of the flagpole?
The gun symbolizes the successful fight against the humans. It will be fired ceremonially twice a
year to celebrate the Battle of the Cowshed and the anniversary of the Midsummer's Day Rebellion.