14TH JUNE VOCAB OF PERFECTION 4.

A. Photos of his actions then spread on social media, along with the nickname taken from
the Italian word for angle grinder, flessibile - the tool he has mostly used to destroy the
cameras.
B. What is not clear is whether Fleximan is one man or two, or perhaps he has become a
number of copycat vandals.
C. The vandal's methods are consistent, and the chorus of approval is growing on social
media, where Fleximan is treated as a sort of modern Robin Hood.
D. Italy has been gripped by a vigilante who calls himself "Fleximan" and has made it his
mission to tear down as many speed cameras as possible.
E. The anonymous vandal began leaving a trail of destruction months ago in the
north-east, as more and more of the cameras were put out of action.
F. The campaign may reflect popular anger about the proliferation of speed cameras, but
road deaths in Italy are higher than in many other European countries.
G. Fleximan has already claimed at least 15 successful strikes, and a special police task
force and four different prosecutors' offices are now investigating the attacks.
H. Police in the north-west Piedmont region say they have charged a 50-year-old suspect,
but most of the attacks have taken place in the Veneto area of the north-east.
I. At the scene of one of his most recent attacks, the anonymous vigilante left a handwritten
message: "Fleximan is coming."

1. Vandals: People who deliberately destroy or damage public or private property.

2. Consistent: Acting or done in the same way over time, especially to be fair or
accurate; steady and reliable.
3. Gripped by: Strongly affected or overcome by an emotion or condition.
4. Vigilante: A person who takes the law into their own hands, typically by engaging in
acts of law enforcement without legal authority.
5. Tear down: To demolish or destroy something, often a building or structure.
6. Anonymous: Not identified by name; of unknown name or undisclosed identity.
7. Trail: A path or track laid down for walking or made by repeated use; can also refer to
evidence or a series of clues left behind.
8. Proliferation: Rapid increase in the number or amount of something.
9. Claimed: Stated or asserted that something is the case, typically without providing
evidence or proof.
The Hippocratic oath serves as a mission statement for physicians, articulating principles
that guide their work. Its tenets include beneficence, nonmaleficence and
confidentiality, but they are often summed up by one simple phrase: “Do no harm.”It may
seem unthinkable,________________A______________ put a person’s life at risk. But
history has proven that it can happen — and on a grand scale.
In Nazi Germany, many physicians who supported the Nazi ideology
_______________B__________________ concentration camp prisoners. Drugs and
medical treatments were tested on them before being used on military personnel.
Sterilization experiments were conducted to
___________________C__________________ Roma and other groups. And, most
famously, Dr. Josef Mengele carried out cruel experiments on twins.
Dr. Robert Klitzman, director of the masters in bioethics program at Columbia University
and author of The Ethics Police?: The Struggle to Make Human Research Safe,
________________D_______________required for a doctor to act with such malice, we
must recognize that people have a tendency to rationalize their behaviors. He spoke with
CNN Opinion recently about a growing _______________E_______________ to learn
from history so we don’t repeat it. Indeed, as retired physician Raul Artal, who was born in
a concentration camp, wrote in a 2016 article published by the Association of American
Medical Colleges (AAMC): “Nazi physicians claimed the moral high ground by transforming
the Hippocratic Oath from a doctor-patient relationship to a state-Völkskorper—or nation’s
body—relationship. They justified the sterilization or elimination of
_________________F_______________ simultaneously ending the suffering of the
genetically inferior and preventing transmission of their presumably hereditary harmful
traits.”

● Hippocratic Oath: An ethical code attributed to the ancient Greek physician

Hippocrates, which is still taken by doctors today. It emphasizes principles like
medical ethics, confidentiality, and doing no harm.
● Oath: A solemn promise or declaration, often invoking a divine witness, regarding
one's future action or behavior.
● Articulating: Expressing an idea or feeling clearly and coherently.
● Tenets: Principles or beliefs, especially those that are part of a larger belief system or
philosophy.
● Beneficence: The ethical principle of doing good and acting in ways that benefit
others.
● Nonmaleficence: The ethical principle of not causing harm to others.
● Confidentiality: The ethical principle of keeping information secret and not disclosing it
to others without proper authorization.
● Sterilization: The process of making something free from bacteria or other living
microorganisms; can also refer to medical procedures that permanently prevent
reproduction.
● Malice: The intention or desire to do evil or cause harm to others.
● Tendency: An inclination or natural disposition to act in a particular way.
● Presumably: Used to convey that what is asserted is very likely though not known for
certain.
We don’t have to imagine a world where deepfakes can so believably imitate the voices of
politicians that they can be used to gin up scandals that could sway elections. It’s already
here. Fortunately, there are numerous reasons for optimism about society’s ability to
identify fake media and maintain a shared understanding of current events.
While we have reason to believe the future may be safe, we worry that the past is not.
History can be a powerful tool for manipulation and malfeasance. The same generative
A.I. that can fake current events can also fake past ones. While new content may be
secured through built-in systems, there is a world of content out there that has not been
watermarked, which is done by adding imperceptible information to a digital file so that its
provenance can be traced. Once watermarking at creation becomes widespread and
people adapt to distrust content that is not watermarked, then everything produced before
that point in time can be much more easily called into question.

To altering individual stories in historical newspapers, to changing names on deeds of

title(A)/ false claims with generated documents, (B)/from photos placing historical figures in
compromising situations, (C)/And this will create a treasure trove of opportunities for
backstopping(D). While all of these techniques have been used before, countering them
is much harder when the cost of creating near-perfect fakes has been radically
reduced.This forecast is based on history. There are many examples of how economic and
political powers manipulated the historical record to their own ends. Stalin purged disloyal
comrades from history by executing them — and then altering photographic records to
make it appear as if they never existed. Slovenia, upon becoming an independent country
in 1992, erased over 18,000 people from the registry of residents — mainly members of
The Roma minority and other ethnic non-Slovenes. In many cases, the government
destroyed their physical records, leading to their loss of homes, pensions and access to
other services, according to a 2003 report by the Council of Europe Commissioner for
Human Rights.False documents are a key part of many efforts to rewrite the historical
record.
The infamous Protocols of the Elders of Zion, first published in a Russian newspaper in
1903, purported to be meeting minutes from a Jewish conspiracy to control the world. First
discredited in August 1921, as a forgery plagiarized from multiple unrelated sources, the
Protocols featured prominently in Nazi propaganda and have long been used to justify
antisemitic violence, including a citation in Article 32 of Hamas’s 1988 founding
Covenant.
In 1924 the Zinoviev Letter, said to be a secret communiqué from the head of the
Communist International in Moscow to the Communist Party of Great Britain to mobilize
support for normalizing relations with the Soviet Union, was published by The Daily Mail
four days before a general election. The resulting scandal may have cost Labour the
election. The letter’s origin has never been proved, but its authenticity was questioned at
the time, and an official investigation in the 1990s concluded that it
was most likely the work of White Russians — a conservative political faction led at the time
by Russian émigrés opposed to the Communist government.

Decades later Operation Infektion — a Soviet disinformation campaign — used forged

documents to spread the idea that the United States had invented H.I.V., the virus that
causes AIDS, as a biological weapon. And in 2004 CBS News withdrew a controversial
story because it could not authenticate the documents, which were later discredited as
forgeries, that called into question the earlier service by George W. Bush, then the
president, in the Texas Air National Guard.
As it becomes easier to generate historical disinformation and as the sheer volume of
digital fakes explodes, the opportunity will become available to reshape history or at least to
call our current understanding of it into question.
The prospects of political actors using generative A.I. to effectively reshape history — not to
mention fraudsters creating spurious legal documents and transaction records — are
frightening. Fortunately, a path forward has been laid by the same companies that created
the risk.In indexing a large share of the world’s digital media to train their models, the A.I.
companies have effectively created systems and databases that will soon contain all of
humankind’s digitally recorded content or at least a meaningful approximation of it. They
could start work today to record watermarked versions of these primary documents, which
include newspaper archives and a wide range of other sources, so that subsequent
forgeries are instantly detectable.

● Deepfakes: Digitally altered videos or audio recordings that appear authentic, often
used to manipulate or deceive.
● Imitate: To copy or reproduce someone's actions, appearance, or speech.
● Gin up: To stimulate or provoke; to generate enthusiasm or energy, often artificially.
● Sway: To influence or persuade someone to change their opinion or decision.
● Scandals: Events or actions that cause public outrage or censure due to perceived
unethical or immoral behavior.
● Optimism: A hopeful and positive outlook on the future or the success of something.
● Manipulation: The act of controlling or influencing someone or something cleverly,
unfairly, or unscrupulously.
● Malfeasance: Wrongdoing, especially by a public official or someone in a position of
authority.
● Watermarked: Marked with a distinctive design or pattern, usually to identify
authenticity or prevent unauthorized reproduction.
● Imperceptible: So slight, subtle, or gradual as to be barely noticeable or impossible to
perceive.
● Provenance: The place of origin or earliest known history of something; the record of
ownership of a work of art or an antique.
● Traced: To follow the course or path of something; to discover the origin or
development of something.
● Widespread: Existing or happening over a large area or among many people.
● Distrust: The feeling that someone or something cannot be relied upon or is not
trustworthy.
● Compromising: Revealing an embarrassing or incriminating secret about someone;
making a concession to settle a dispute.
● Altering: Changing or modifying something.
● Deeds: Actions that are performed intentionally or consciously.
● Claims: Statements asserting that something is true, typically without providing
evidence.
● Trove: A valuable collection of items, often discovered or found.
● Backstopping: Providing support or security in case of a failure or need for backup.
● Countering: Acting against something to reduce its force or neutralize it.
● Manipulated: Controlled or influenced in a skillful but often unfair or deceptive
manner.
● Purged: Removed something or someone in a violent or sudden way.
● Comrades: Friends, colleagues, or fellow members of an organization, especially in a
military or political context.
● Executing: Carrying out a plan, order, or course of action.
● Conspiracy: A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
● Discredited: Made to seem false or unreliable; deprived of credibility or belief.
● Forgery: The act of forging or producing a fake copy of something, especially a
document or artwork.
● Plagiarized: Copied or reproduced someone else's work and presented it as one's
own without proper attribution.
● Antisemitic: Hostile to or prejudiced against Jewish people.
● Citation: A reference to a source of information, typically used in scholarly works.
● Covenant: A formal agreement or promise between two or more parties.
● Scandal: An action or event causing public outrage or censure due to its perceived
immorality or wrongdoing.
● Authenticity: The quality of being genuine or real; not fake or copied.
● Forged: Created a fake version of something, typically a document, signature, or
artwork.
● Forgeries: Fake or fraudulent copies of something, especially documents, signatures,
or artworks.
● Spurious: False or fake; not being what it purports to be.
● Frightening: Causing fear or alarm; scary.
● Subsequent: Occurring or coming after something in time; following.
● Detectable: Able to be discovered or identified, especially by means of scientific
methods.