North Nazimabad Girls Campus

Mathematics Grade 8
VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA:
Volume of pyramids:
v= 1/3 x base area x height of pyramid
for base area, see the base of the pyramid
Total surface Area of pyramids:
T.S.A= Area of base + ½ base xh for all lateral faces.
Volume of cone:
V=1/3 πr2h
Curved surface area=πrl
Total surface area= πrl + πr² or
T.s.a = πr(l+r) use this formula ,it has less calculation
Volume of the sphere:
V= 4/3 πr³
Surface area or total surface area of sphere:
S.A = 4πr²
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PERCENTAGE:
 Profit= s.p –c.p,
 Loss= c.p – s.p
 Discount= m.p – sale price,
 P%=P/C.P X 100%
 L%= L/C.P X 100%
 D%= D/M.P X100
 (100 + p%) x c.p= S.p
 (100 – L%) x c.p = s.p
Must remember the above two formulas especially.
GST(Goods and services tax) is also called VAT(value added tax)
Percentage change(increase)= final – initial/initial x 100
Percent(change) decrease= initial – final /initial x 10

 Markup= PRT/100
Partnership questions :
1.Amount of partners x no of months or years.
2. Find ratio of partners investment.
3. Profit x ratio of partner / total ratio
Inheritance questions:
2x no of sons
Sons + daughters
Inheritance amount ÷ total no of sons and daughters.
Answer you get is daughter 's share
Answer x2= sons share
Insurance questions:
 Premium x insurance amount for year.
 Depreciation (100%- depreciation %)ñ

Sets
Power set or subset
2 power n
Where n is the number of elements in the set.
AUB ( all elements of A and B)
AnB ( common elements of A and B)
A - B ( after cancelling common elements of A and B, leftover elements of A)
B – A ( after cancelling common elements of A and B, leftover elements of B)
Venn diagrams

AREA FORMULAS;
 A of triangle= ½ x base x height
 A of trapezium= ½ x (a+b)xh
 A of parallelogram= L X H
 A of square or rhombus= LXL
 A of rectangle= LX B
 A of a circle= πr2 Circumferrence = 2πr
 A of semi circle
=πr2/2,
Circumferrence=πr Perimeter=πr+D
 A of quarter circle=πr2/4,
 Circumference=πr/2 Perimeter=πr/2+ D
Perimeter of any shape add all sides
Algebraic expression/Algebraic fractions/quadratic equation :
 Common
 Middle term break
 Identities
(a+ b)²= a² +2ab + b²
(a – b)²= a² -2ab + b²
a²- b² = (a- b) ( a+b)