Himt Tfc-Com Watermark

BASIC TRAINING FOR OIL AND CHEMICAL TANKER
CARGO OPERATIONS COURSE

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPREFACE HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
This HIMT HIMT
edition HIMTCourse
of the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Material hasHIMTbeenHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
completely HIMTin
revised HIMTlineHIMT
withHIMT
IMOHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Model
course
HIMT HIMT no 1.01.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Earlier HIMT
edition HIMT
has HIMTcompletely
been HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reviewed andHIMT
now HIMT HIMT HIMT
written HIMT
in line HIMT
with theHIMT
model
course
HIMT HIMT for improving
HIMT HIMT quality
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT effectiveness
HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
the HIMT
Training Course.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT purpose
HIMT HIMTis to HIMT HIMT
HIMT
enhance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the capabilities
HIMT of shipboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhoHIMTintend
HIMTtoHIMTsailHIMT
on HIMT
oil and
HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers.
There
HIMT HIMT haveHIMT
HIMT HIMT been
HIMTmany positive
HIMT HIMT developments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
Tanker
HIMTSafety
HIMT HIMT Culture andHIMT
HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Management practices on board oil and chemical tankers. Automation levels have goneHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT up HIMT HIMT
onboard
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT tankers. BestHIMT
HIMT HIMT Management practices
HIMT HIMT HIMT are being
HIMT HIMT adopted
HIMT HIMT on board.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ISGOTT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(International HIMT guide
safety HIMT HIMTon HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tankers andHIMT HIMT HIMT
terminals) HIMT HIMT
-Sixth HIMT
edition HIMT
has HIMT HIMT HIMT
come
out.
HIMT HIMT Ship
HIMT HIMT shore
HIMTsafety checklists
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have been
HIMT HIMTfine tuned.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
AsHIMT
thisHIMT
courseHIMTisHIMT HIMTfor
meant HIMT HIMT HIMT
officers andHIMT HIMTassigned
ratings HIMT HIMT basic
HIMT HIMT HIMT
duties HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
responsibilities
related
HIMT HIMT to cargo
HIMT HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onboard
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
andHIMT
chemical
HIMT HIMTtankers,
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTCourse Material
HIMT HIMT has HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
been prepared at their level for simple understanding. This edition covers oil and chemical HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMTfire
safety, HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
measures HIMTsystem,
HIMT HIMTprevention
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
control HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of pollution,
operational
HIMT HIMT practices
HIMT HIMT HIMT under
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT regulations
HIMT HIMT including
HIMT HIMTthe emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT preparedness.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
course HIMT is
material HIMT HIMT HIMT
prepared in HIMT HIMT HIMT
line with HIMT HIMT HIMT
the competency HIMT HIMTSTCW
standards HIMT HIMT HIMT
2010 HIMT HIMT HIMT
Table
A-V/1-1-1.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOilHIMTand chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT tanker
HIMT related
HIMT HIMT case studies
HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT alsoHIMT
included at theHIMT
HIMT HIMT end.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTedition
This HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
addresses the HIMT HIMT HIMT
changes HIMTplace
taken HIMT HIMT
in HIMT
the HIMT
oil HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker
transportation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT industry apart
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom covering
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTregular
HIMT HIMTtopics. Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT colour images
HIMT HIMT HIMThave
HIMT HIMT HIMT
been
HIMT HIMT HIMTadded in this
HIMT HIMT edition
HIMT so the
HIMT HIMT HIMTstudents
HIMT HIMT understand
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTtopics moreHIMT
HIMT HIMT clear.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Edition
HIMT HIMT 2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
th
Dated
HIMT HIMT HIMT 16
HIMTJuly
HIMT2020
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Prepared by: G.Sekhar

INDEX
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Section
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Topics
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PageHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT noHIMT HIMT HIMT
1.1 HIMT HIMTTypes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT3HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of Tankers
HIMT HIMT
1.3 Ship arrangements of an oil and chemical tanker 8
2.1 HIMT HIMTBasic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT47
physics HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3.0 HIMT HIMTTanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
safety HIMTand
culture HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT56
management HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Hazards-Health,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTEnvironmental, Reactivity,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4.1 Flammability,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Toxicity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
65
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT4.2.9 Material
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMTData
HIMT Sheet HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT86
(MSDS)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFunction
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMTuse
proper HIMTof
HIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
measuring
5.1 HIMT HIMTinstruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT90
and similar equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaid
First HIMTwith
HIMTreference
HIMT HIMT HIMT
to aHIMT HIMT HIMT
Material HIMT Data
Safety HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Sheet
5.4 HIMT HIMT(MSDS)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 123
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOil
HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT tanker
fire HIMT HIMTorganization
response HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.0 HIMT HIMTaction
to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be taken
128
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
7.0 HIMT HIMTOil
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers-Cargo operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 141
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Emergency procedures, including
HIMT HIMTemergency
8.1 HIMT HIMTshutdown
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 186
Effects of oil and chemical pollution on human and
9.1 HIMT HIMTmarine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 192
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
lifeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT10.0
Case HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Studies HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
201
Basic Training for Oil and Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations Course
Prepared by: G.Sekhar 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Tankers areHIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
vessels HIMT HIMT
designed HIMT HIMT
for carrying HIMT
liquid HIMT in
cargo HIMT
bulk,HIMT
i.e.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in unpackaged form. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Oil tankers, also known as petroleum tankers, are ships designed for the bulk transport of oil. There
are two basic types of oil tanker: the crude oil tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move
large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers,
generally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT much smaller,
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMT designed
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTmove HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMTproducts
HIMT HIMTfromHIMT refineries
HIMT HIMT HIMT to points nearHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
consuming markets.
OilHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers
HIMT are
HIMToften
HIMT classified
HIMT HIMT by HIMTtheir
HIMT size
HIMT asHIMT
wellHIMTas their
HIMToccupation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTsizeHIMT
classes
HIMTrange fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
inland
HIMT HIMT HIMT or coastal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT fewHIMT
thousand
HIMT HIMT longHIMTtons
HIMTofHIMT
deadweight
HIMT HIMT HIMT(DWT) HIMT toHIMT
the HIMT
mammoth
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
supertankers ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
5,50,000 DWT.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil
Merchant HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers carryHIMT HIMT HIMT
a wide rangeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids
of hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT HIMT from
ranging HIMT HIMT
crude HIMToil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to refined
petroleum products. Their size is measured in deadweight tons (DWT). Crude carriers are among the
largest, ranging from 55,000 DWT Panamax-sized vessels to ultra-large crude carriers (ULCCs) of
over 440,000 DWT.
Supertanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis an informal
HIMT termHIMT
HIMT HIMT usedHIMT
to describe
HIMT HIMT the largest
HIMT HIMT tankers.
HIMT HIMTToday
HIMT HIMTit is applied
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
very-large
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
crude carriers (VLCC) and ULCCs with capacity over 250,000 DWT. These
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ships can transport twoHIMT HIMT HIMT
million
HIMT HIMT HIMT barrels
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
oil. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Because ofHIMT
theirHIMT HIMTsize,
great HIMT supertankers
HIMT HIMT HIMTcan't HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
generally enterHIMT HIMTfully
ports HIMTloaded.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
These shipsHIMT HIMT HIMT
generally HIMT
take onHIMT
theirHIMT
cargoHIMTat HIMT HIMT platforms
off-shore HIMT HIMT and HIMTsingle-point
moorings. OnHIMT HIMT HIMT
the other end HIMT
of theHIMT HIMT HIMT
journey, theyHIMT HIMT
often HIMTtheir
pump HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT
off toHIMT HIMT tankers
smaller HIMT HIMT at HIMT HIMT HIMT
designated HIMT HIMT
lightering HIMToff-coast.
points HIMT HIMTAHIMT HIMT HIMT
supertanker's routes are generally long, requiring it to stay at sea for extended periods, up to and
beyond seventy days at a time.
Smaller
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTranging
HIMTfrom
HIMT well
HIMT under
HIMT HIMT10,000
HIMTDWT to 80,000
HIMT HIMT DWTHIMT
HIMT HIMT Panamax
HIMT HIMT vessels,
HIMT HIMT generally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
]
carry refined petroleum products, and are known as product tankers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe smallest tankers, withHIMT HIMT HIMT
capacities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunder 10,000
HIMT HIMT HIMTDWT
HIMTgenerally
HIMT HIMTworkHIMTnear-coastal
HIMT HIMT HIMT and inland
HIMT HIMTwaterways.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Although
HIMT HIMTtheyHIMT
wereHIMT HIMT HIMT
in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT
past,HIMTships
HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT smaller Aframax
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT Suezmax
HIMT HIMT classes
HIMT HIMTare HIMT
no HIMT
longer HIMT regarded
HIMT HIMT asHIMT HIMT HIMT
supertankers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTguide
HIMT HIMT
lines,HIMT HIMT procedures,
safety HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and
rules HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
regulations areHIMT HIMTby
given HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
International HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Maritime
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Organisation. In addition, the operational safety and environmental safety are also given HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equalHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
response to the guidelines given by OCIMF (Oil Companies International Marine Forum) and ISGOTTHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(International Safety Guide on Oil Tankers and Terminals).
A HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
a type
HIMTof HIMT
tankerHIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
transport
HIMT chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMTin bulk.Ocean-going
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers generally range from 5,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT) to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT40,000 DWT in size, which
HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
considerably
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT smaller
HIMT than
HIMT the
HIMTaverage
HIMT HIMTsize of other
HIMT tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMTtypes
HIMTdueHIMTtoHIMT
the specialised
HIMT HIMT HIMT nature
HIMTofHIMT
theirHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
size restrictions
HIMT HIMT HIMTof the
HIMTport terminals
HIMT HIMT HIMT where
HIMTthey
HIMTcall to HIMT
HIMT load HIMT
and discharge.
Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT HIMT normally
HIMT HIMThaveHIMTa HIMT
seriesHIMT ofHIMT
separate cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks whichHIMT
HIMT HIMT areHIMTeither
HIMTcoated withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
specialised
HIMT HIMT HIMT coatings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as phenolic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTepoxy
HIMTor zinc
HIMT paint,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
made from
HIMT HIMT stainless
HIMT HIMT steel.
HIMTThe HIMTcoating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT
cargoHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
material HIMT HIMT
determines HIMT
what HIMTof
types HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT tank
a particular HIMT can
HIMTcarry:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stainless HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
steel tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
required HIMT HIMT HIMT
for aggressive acidHIMT HIMT such
cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as sulfuric and HIMT HIMT HIMT
phosphoric HIMT
acid, HIMT'easier'
while HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes - HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
e.g. HIMT HIMT
vegetable oilHIMT
- canHIMT HIMT HIMT
be carried HIMT HIMT
in epoxy HIMTtanks.
coated HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
STCW 2010HIMT
has HIMT
made HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMTof
amendments HIMT HIMT HIMT
combining HIMT
both oilHIMT
tankerHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker
familiarization as a requirement for the personnel to sail in chemical or oil tankers.

1. 1 Types of tankers
Conventional
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTanker
Crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oil tankers
HIMT usedHIMT
HIMT HIMT for deep sea transportation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTunrefined
HIMT HIMToil from producing
HIMT HIMT countries
HIMT HIMT to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
refineries,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTranging in size
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMT55,000 to 500,000
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT deadweight tonnes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CrudeHIMTOilHIMT
tanker
Product
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTversatile
Highly HIMT HIMTships
HIMT HIMT
that HIMT
can HIMT HIMT
carry HIMT HIMT
several HIMT HIMT
different HIMTpetroleum
refined HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
products fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
refineries HIMT HIMT HIMT
to distribution HIMTwithout
centers HIMT HIMT
riskHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby
of contamination HIMT
oneHIMT HIMT HIMT
another. The HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
interiors
cargoHIMT HIMTare
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT
coated HIMT HIMT
to protect HIMT HIMT
against HIMT HIMT
corrosion, HIMTcargo
ensure HIMT HIMT HIMT
purity HIMT
and HIMT HIMT
facilitate tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
LR1 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLong/Large
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1HIMT
Range HIMT– HIMT
Tanker HIMT
An oil HIMTwith
tanker HIMT HIMT HIMT
coated tanks HIMTandHIMT HIMT
larger HIMT
than HIMT HIMT
50,000 DWT, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
a breadth belowHIMT HIMT HIMT
32.31m and HIMT HIMTbelow
a length HIMT HIMT HIMT–HIMT
289.5m HIMTbelow
usually HIMT HIMT HIMT
80,000 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
DWT.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
LR2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Tanker
Long/Large HIMT 2
Range HIMT HIMT-HIMT
Tanker HIMTtanker
Product HIMT HIMT HIMTin
ranging HIMT
sizeHIMTfromHIMT HIMTto
80,000 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
119,999
deadweight tonnes.

MR
Medium
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Range Tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT -HIMT
Product
HIMT tanker ranging
HIMT HIMT HIMT in size
HIMT from
HIMT 40,000
HIMT HIMT to 54,999
HIMT HIMT deadweight
tonnes.
Combination
HIMT HIMT HIMT Carriers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdesigned
Ships HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT
carry HIMTaHIMT
either liquidHIMT HIMT
cargo orHIMT
a dryHIMT
cargoHIMT
onHIMT HIMT voyages.
different HIMT HIMTThis
HIMTconcept
was
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
developed HIMT HIMT HIMT
shorten HIMT
ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
voyages.
FPSO
Floating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Production, Storage
HIMT HIMT HIMT and Offloading
HIMT HIMT - Vessels
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipped with HIMT
HIMT HIMT processing facilities
HIMT HIMT for HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
separating gas and oil, moored to a single location for an extended period. Oil and gas from
offshore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT wells are transferred
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto FPSOs through
HIMT HIMT HIMT pipes.
HIMT HIMT Once oil HIMT
HIMT has been processed
HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
stored in the hull, shuttle tankers periodically offload it to other locations.
FSO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Storage
Floating HIMT HIMT HIMT
and OffHIMT
takeHIMT
- OilHIMT HIMTmodified
tankers HIMT HIMT toHIMT
storeHIMT
andHIMT HIMToil
transfer HIMT HIMT
from a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
permanently moored location. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Panamax
This HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanker ranges
HIMT HIMT in
HIMTsize from
HIMT 55,000
HIMT HIMTto 79,999
HIMT HIMT HIMT tonnes, so named
HIMT HIMT because
HIMT HIMT HIMT itHIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT
the largest tanker that can transit the Panama Canal fully loaded.
Shuttle
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanker
Shuttle
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers areHIMT
HIMT HIMT specially equipped
HIMT HIMT for shipping
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
offshore
HIMT production facilities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
onshore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oil
HIMTterminals,
HIMT HIMT especially
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
harsh
HIMTweather conditions.
Suezmax
Tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that are
HIMT HIMT HIMTslightly
HIMT HIMTlarger than
HIMT Aframaxes,
HIMT HIMT HIMT named
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
theirHIMT
status as HIMT
HIMT the largest
HIMT HIMTsizeHIMT
oil HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTable
HIMTto HIMT
travelHIMT
fullyHIMT
laden through
HIMT the Suez
HIMT HIMT Canal.
HIMT HIMT Tanker
HIMT ranges
HIMT HIMT between
HIMT 120,000
HIMT HIMT and HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
199,999 deadweight tonnes, with an average cargo carrying capacity of 1.0 million barrels.

Suez-max tanker
VLCC
Very
HIMT HIMT HIMT Large
HIMT HIMT Crude Carrier
HIMT HIMT HIMT-HIMT
The HIMT
size range of this
HIMT HIMT HIMTconventional tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT
HIMT between
HIMT 200,000
HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
319,999 deadweight tonnes. The average cargo carrying capacity is 2.0 million barrels
ULCC
Ultra HIMT
Large HIMT HIMT
Crude HIMT
Carrier - AHIMT HIMT HIMT tanker
conventional HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of 320,000 HIMT HIMT HIMT
deadweight tonnesHIMT
or HIMT
more.HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
average cargo carrying capacity is above 2 million barrels.

1.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT Chemical
HIMT Tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Specialized
HIMT HIMT HIMT variation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of a product
HIMT tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich can carry
HIMT HIMT several
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT tanks, each
HIMT HIMT with
HIMT its own
pumps and HIMT HIMT to
pipelines HIMT HIMT cargo
ensure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
segregation HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contamination.
Dedicated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical tanker
These
HIMT HIMT HIMT are chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers with
HIMT HIMT less
HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMTtank
HIMTgrouping,
HIMT HIMT generallly larger
HIMT HIMT HIMT in size
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTsuitable
HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
less HIMT HIMT
number HIMT HIMT
of cargo HIMT
grades. HIMT HIMT
These oftenHIMT
carryHIMT
the HIMT
sameHIMT HIMT
cargo in HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
all tanks.
Parcel HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers
These are HIMT HIMTwith
tankers HIMTaHIMT
largeHIMT HIMT HIMT
number of HIMT
smallHIMT
sizeHIMT HIMTwith
tanks, HIMTdifferent
HIMT HIMTcoatings,
HIMT HIMTsuitable
HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT HIMT
carrying many different cargoes at the same time. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TYPES OF CRUDE OIL: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Heavy Crude : Crude oil that is more difficult to pump and process due to a higher viscosity.
Light Crude : Crude oil that is easier to pump and process due to a lower viscosity.
Sour crude : Crude oil with a high sulphur content.
Sweet
HIMT HIMT HIMT Crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCrude oil that
HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMT a HIMT
low sulphur
HIMT HIMTcontent. Typically
HIMT HIMT refined
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTgasoline
HIMT HIMTand is HIMT
HIMT in HIMT HIMT
high
HIMT HIMT HIMT demand.

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1.3HIMT Ship
HIMT HIMTarrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTan
HIMToilHIMTandHIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTarrangement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
Construction:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AsHIMT
per HIMT HIMT HIMT
regulation 19 ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
MARPOL HIMT HIMT
Annexe 1, allHIMT
new HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tankers HIMTbe
should HIMT HIMT HIMT
of double hullHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
construction.
Regulation 22 of MARPOL Annexe 1 :The pump-room shall be provided with a double bottom such
that at any cross-section the depth of each double bottom tank or space shall be such that the
distance h between the bottom of the pump-room and the ship‘s base line measured at right angles to
the ship‘s base line is not less than specified below:
h HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT = B/15(m) or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
h = 2 m, whichever
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT
the lesser.
HIMT HIMT The
HIMTminimum
HIMT HIMT value
HIMTofHIMT
h = HIMT
1 m. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1. HIMT
TheHIMT
tankerHIMT
is HIMT
usedHIMT HIMTbulk
to carry HIMTliquid
HIMT cargoes,
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT
most HIMT HIMT
common HIMT
type HIMTthe
being HIMT
oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2. HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tanker hasHIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-carrying HIMTof
section HIMT
theHIMT HIMT
vessel HIMT
split upHIMT
intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
individual HIMT
tanks byHIMT HIMT HIMT
longitudinal HIMT
and HIMT HIMTbulkheads.
transverse HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3. HIMT HIMTbottom
Double HIMT HIMT HIMTdouble
or/and HIMT HIMT HIMT
sides orHIMT HIMT
double HIMT
hull is HIMT
fittedHIMT HIMT
in the HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-carrying HIMT HIMT
section of anHIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tanker.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4. HIMT HIMT
A pair of HIMT
wingHIMT
tanks HIMT
areHIMT HIMTby
created HIMT HIMT HIMTbulkheads.
longitudinal HIMT HIMT HIMT These HIMT HIMT
wing HIMThelps
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reduces
the free surface effect.
5. Large
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTamounts
HIMT HIMTofHIMT piping
HIMTare
HIMTtoHIMT
be seen on the
HIMT HIMT HIMTdeck
HIMT running
HIMT HIMTfrom HIMT the
HIMTpump
HIMT HIMTrooms
HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
the discharge manifolds positioned at midships, port and starboard.
Double
HIMT HIMT HIMT hullHIMT
HIMT HIMT construction:
HIMT HIMT HIMTProvide some
HIMT HIMT HIMT protection
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
a lowHIMTenergy
HIMT grounding
HIMT HIMT HIMTor collision.
HIMT HIMT Not a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
substitute for good management, manning and maintenance. An improvement but not a total
solution.
A HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT doubleHIMThull tanker
HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbe defined
HIMT as a HIMT
HIMT HIMT ship HIMT
designed for the
HIMT HIMT HIMTcarriage of oil
HIMT HIMT in bulk
HIMT HIMTwhere
HIMT HIMTthe HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT protected fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
environment
HIMT HIMTby a double
HIMT HIMT HIMT hull
HIMTconsisting
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
double
HIMTside
HIMTandHIMTdouble
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bottom
HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMTdedicated to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT carriage
HIMT of ballast
HIMT HIMT water.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThese
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMTspaces
HIMT HIMTextend for the
HIMT HIMT fullHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
length of theHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
carrying areaHIMT
andHIMT HIMT form
a typical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of construction HIMT HIMT
is shown below.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

The advantages of the double-hull design include:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ease of ballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT in emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTsituations,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT reduced practice
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
saltwater ballasting
HIMT HIMT in cargo
HIMT HIMT tanksHIMT
HIMT HIMT decreases corrosion,
 HIMT
increased HIMT HIMT HIMT
environmental HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
protection,
 HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
discharge is HIMT HIMTmore
quicker, HIMT complete
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTeasier,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
washing is moreHIMT HIMT HIMT
efficient, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMT
better HIMT HIMT
protection inHIMT HIMT HIMT
low-impact HIMT HIMT
collisions andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
grounding.

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT same
HIMT HIMTreport lists HIMT
HIMT HIMT the following
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
some drawbacks
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT the HIMT
double-hull
HIMT HIMTdesign:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT more expensive
HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT
build,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT moreHIMT HIMT HIMT
expensive HIMTand
canal HIMTportHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
expenses,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
ballast HIMTventilation
HIMT HIMTdifficult,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMTtanks
ballast HIMT needHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
continual HIMT HIMT
monitoring andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintenance,
 increased transverse free surface,
 more surfaces to maintain,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT explosion
HIMT HIMTriskHIMT
in double-hull
HIMT HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMTif vapor
HIMT HIMTdetection system
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMTfitted,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning mud HIMT
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
ballast
HIMT spaces a bigger
HIMT HIMT HIMTproblem.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
all, double-hull HIMT HIMT
tankers HIMTto
are said HIMT
be HIMT
saferHIMT
thanHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a single-hull in a HIMT HIMT HIMT
grounding HIMT HIMT
incident, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
especially
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
when HIMT HIMT is
shore HIMTnotHIMT
veryHIMT HIMT
rocky. The HIMT HIMTbenefits
safety HIMT HIMT areHIMT
lessHIMT HIMT
clear on HIMT
larger HIMT HIMT HIMT
vessels and in HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
cases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
high HIMT impact
speed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TANK
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTARRANGEMENTS:
HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo
HIMT HIMT tanks :
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTcargo tanksHIMT
HIMT HIMT of an oil HIMT
HIMT tankerHIMTareHIMT
located
HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMTfore HIMTpeak
HIMTtank
HIMTor forward
HIMT fuel oil
HIMT HIMT HIMTbunker tanksHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTpump
HIMT room.
HIMT HIMTTheHIMT ship‘s hullHIMT
HIMT in this
HIMTregion is subdivided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby longitudinal
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTtransverse
HIMT HIMT bulkheads.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTopenings
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTthe HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT HIMTwith
are provided HIMToil
HIMT
tightHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
arrangements. HIMT lock
Vapor HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
is provided
HIMT HIMT HIMTtake
HIMTullage,
HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sampling-called HIMT HIMT
closed HIMT HIMT
ullaging Cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
is loaded intoHIMT
this HIMT
tanks HIMT
by HIMT
fixed HIMT
pipe HIMT
lines.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo
HIMT HIMT
tanks are provided with steam coils for heating cargo, when required. During ballast voyageHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTthese
HIMT HIMT
tanksHIMT
areHIMTfilledHIMT
withHIMT HIMT
inert gas.HIMT
PVHIMT HIMTare
valves HIMT HIMTto
fitted HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent any HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
excess/vacuum HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMTinside
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the tank. TheHIMT wholeHIMT HIMT
area onHIMT
the HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is HAZARDOUS. Cargo HIMT
tanksHIMTareHIMT HIMT HIMT
coated HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with epoxy
HIMT HIMT HIMTpaint
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to prevent HIMT HIMT
corrosion of HIMT
tank HIMT
and HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Ladders
contamination. HIMT HIMTare HIMTfitted
HIMT in
HIMT
sideHIMT HIMT
tank forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTinspection/repair.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The tanks are strengthened in side to prevent from collapsing due to water/cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT
regularly HIMT HIMTto
inspected HIMT HIMT HIMT
check any HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cracks/corrosion. Tanks HIMTareHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
regularly
subjected to survey by class. All the tanks will not be of same volume. Tanks are grouped and
vents are also grouped. Inert Gas is filled during discharging operation and suitable pipe lines are
fitted with valve.

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Clean ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks:
Ballast. HIMT HIMT
A charter partyHIMT
canHIMT HIMTaHIMT
include HIMTrequiring
clause HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMTto
vessel HIMT HIMTinHIMT
arrive HIMT HIMT
a loading portHIMT HIMT HIMT
with only "clean ballast". In many ports there are inadequate reception facilities for dirtyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbefore
ballast HIMT HIMTloadingHIMTand HIMT HIMTare
ships HIMT HIMT HIMT
restricted HIMT
from HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharging dirty HIMT
ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
at sea.
CleanHIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast. HIMTon
A tank HIMT
boardHIMTan HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tanker may HIMTbe soHIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaned sinceHIMToil HIMT
was HIMT HIMT HIMT
last carried in itHIMT HIMT HIMT
that the effluent from it would not produce visible traces of oil on the surface of the water or onHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshorelines
nearby HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a
or cause HIMT HIMTor
sludge HIMT HIMT HIMT
emulsion to beHIMT HIMT HIMTbeneath
deposited HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT of
surface HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
water or on nearby shorelines. When the effluent is discharged, the vessel must be stationary
and the discharge must be into clean, calm water on a clear day for the above criteria to
apply.
The ballast may also be discharged through suitable oil discharge monitoring and control
systems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT but the
HIMT HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
content
HIMT must not be
HIMT HIMT HIMTmore
HIMTthan
HIMT15 parts
HIMT HIMTper
HIMTmillion
HIMT forHIMT the effluent
HIMT to beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
considered to be ―clean ballast‖, despite visible traces of oil being present.
―New
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers‖
HIMT HIMT HIMT could HIMT have
HIMTonlyHIMT―Protectively
HIMT HIMT HIMT located‖
HIMTSBTs and HIMT
HIMT HIMT COW. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
If a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanker HIMTis not
HIMT a HIMT
―newHIMTtanker‖HIMT there
HIMTareHIMTrequirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT
control
HIMTof HIMT
operational
HIMT HIMT pollution andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
control of the discharge of oil. One criterion permitting discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from these tankers is that theHIMT HIMT HIMT
effluent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarged
HIMT HIMT HIMT must meet
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
description
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
―clean ballast‖.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Segregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Oil tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above delivered after 1 June 1982
1. Every
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT crude
HIMT HIMT HIMToil tanker
HIMT HIMT of 20,000
HIMT HIMT tonnes
HIMTdeadweight
aboveHIMTandHIMTevery
HIMTproduct
HIMT HIMTcarrier
HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 30,000 tonnes
HIMT HIMT HIMT deadweight
HIMT HIMT HIMT and HIMT
above delivered
HIMT HIMT HIMT after 1 June
HIMT HIMT1982,
HIMT HIMTshallHIMTbe provided
HIMT HIMTwithHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT segregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast HIMT tanks.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcapacity
2. The HIMT HIMTofHIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
segregated HIMT HIMT
ballast tanks HIMT HIMT
shall beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
so determined thatHIMT
theHIMT
shipHIMT
mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
operate safely on ballast voyages without recourse to the use of cargo tanks for waterHIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast. In allHIMT HIMThowever,
cases, HIMT HIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT
capacity HIMT HIMT HIMT
of segregated HIMT
ballast HIMTshall
tanks HIMT be HIMTat HIMT
leastHIMT
suchHIMT HIMT HIMT
that, in any ballast condition at any part of the voyage, including the conditions consisting ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
lightweight plus segregated ballast only, the ship‘s draughts and trim can meet laid down
limits and to ensure that the propeller is immersed:
Ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT are HIMTfilledHIMT
withHIMT water
HIMT during ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMTpassage
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
get HIMT
required minimum
HIMT HIMT draft.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
HIMT hasHIMT HIMT no HIMT
connection
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
cargo system-called
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT segregated
HIMT HIMT tanks.
HIMT HIMT These tanksHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
protect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT tanksHIMTon HIMT
sidesHIMT as HIMT
well HIMT
as atHIMT theHIMT
bottom. . These
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks HIMTareHIMT
regularly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inspected/surveyed/cleaned.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Anodes are fitted
HIMT HIMT in side
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT tanksHIMT
HIMT HIMT to prevent
HIMT HIMT corrosion.
HIMT HIMTInHIMT HIMT HIMT
modern
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers,
HIMT HIMT HIMThydro
HIMT HIMTcarbon HIMT monitors
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
fitted
HIMT in HIMT
ballast tanks.
HIMT The ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tank level
HIMT canHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
be monitored
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fromHIMT CCRHIMT or locally
HIMT HIMTsounded.
HIMT HIMT Tanks
HIMTare HIMTfitted
HIMTwith
HIMTvents having
HIMT HIMT HIMTflame
HIMTscreen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMTwithHIMT
antiHIMT HIMT
filling HIMT
valve inHIMT
caseHIMT HIMTsinks.
vessel HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
However HIMT
during HIMT HIMT HIMT
deballasting HIMT HIMT
the over boardHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge is toHIMT HIMT HIMTcontinuously
be checked HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT
any oilHIMT in HIMT
water. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Slop HIMTtanks:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheseHIMTtanks
HIMTare HIMTdedicated
HIMT HIMT to HIMTcarry
HIMT slop
HIMTand tank
HIMT HIMT washing
HIMT HIMTwater.
HIMTP/RHIMTbilge,
HIMT anyHIMTover
HIMTflow
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMT
pumped
HIMT HIMT to slop
HIMT tank.
HIMT Any
HIMT oily
HIMTwater collected
HIMT HIMT HIMT from deckHIMT
HIMT HIMT during HIMT rain is transferred
to slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank. Some
HIMT HIMT HIMT time
HIMTcargo
HIMTmayHIMTbe loaded
HIMT HIMT inHIMT to slop
HIMT tank. There
HIMT HIMT HIMT will be HIMT
HIMT two slop
HIMTtank
HIMT ifHIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DW is HIMTmoreHIMT than
HIMT 70,000
HIMT HIMT tonsHIMT
oneHIMT
if less.
HIMTExtra
HIMT HIMTheatingHIMTcoils
HIMTareHIMTfitted
HIMTfor faster
HIMT HIMTheating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for easier segregation. Water collected at the bottom will be pumped through ODME. Slop
tank capacity should be minimum of 3% of total capacity.

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cofferdams:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
VoidHIMT
spaceHIMT HIMT separates
which HIMT HIMT HIMT
betweenHIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank/bunker HIMT HIMTtanks.
tank/water HIMT HIMTIt isHIMT HIMTas
treated HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
enclosed space. . Pump room is accepted as cofferdam between cargo tank and engineHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
room. HIMT HIMT will
Cofferdam HIMThave
HIMTvent
HIMTfitted
HIMTwith
HIMTflame
HIMT HIMTscreen HIMT HIMT
and antiHIMT HIMT
filling HIMT Level
valve. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
alarms
mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
be fitted HIMT HIMT
to indicate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ingress.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PeakHIMT tanks:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ForeHIMT
peak HIMT
andHIMT
afterHIMT HIMT
peak HIMT
tank: One HIMT
theHIMT HIMT and
forward HIMToneHIMTatHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
aft. Usually HIMTfor
meant HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast.
SomeHIMT HIMT
time HIMTwater
fresh HIMT may
HIMT beHIMT HIMT
filled forHIMT
use.HIMT
It isHIMT HIMTfor
usually HIMT HIMT HIMT
adjusting theHIMT
trim HIMT
of theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vessel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
by adjusting HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast. HIMT HIMT
It is treated asHIMT HIMT HIMT
enclosed space. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Deep tanks:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Usually
HIMTmeant
HIMT HIMTfor taking bunker.
HIMT HIMT FordHIMT
HIMT HIMT deepHIMT
is inHIMT
the ford
HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT vessel HIMTwith
HIMTits HIMT
transfer
HIMTpump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to facilitate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
transfer
HIMTto ER.HIMT
HIMT Aft HIMT
deepHIMT
tankHIMT
is onHIMT
the ERHIMTsides
HIMT port
HIMTand HIMTstbd
HIMTmeant for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
bunker.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT All are
HIMT HIMT fitted
HIMT with
HIMT HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTcoilsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Wing tanks:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
The entire HIMT tank
HIMT length
HIMT HIMTshall be HIMT
HIMT protected
HIMT HIMTby ballast tanksHIMT
HIMT HIMT or spaces
HIMT HIMTother than
HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oil tanks
HIMT asHIMTfollows:
Wing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanks
HIMT HIMT orHIMTSpaces
1. wing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks or spaces
HIMT HIMT shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT extendHIMTeither
HIMT for
HIMT the full HIMT
HIMT depth of the
HIMT HIMT vessel‘s
HIMT HIMTsideHIMT
or from
HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
top HIMT
of theHIMT
doubleHIMTbottom
HIMT HIMT HIMT
to the HIMT HIMTdeck,
uppermost HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
disregarding a HIMT
rounded HIMTgunwale
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
where fitted,HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
arranged HIMTcargo
that the HIMT HIMT
tanksHIMTare HIMT HIMT
located HIMT HIMT
inboard HIMT
of the HIMT HIMT
moulded lineHIMT
of theHIMT HIMT
side HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shell
plating

CHEMICAL TANKERS : (TANK CONSTRUCTION ETC)
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT layout:
Cargo HIMTcenter
control HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cooling
system
Diesel electric
propulsion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMTpumps

Tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT in theHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo area
HIMT HIMTare:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks
Cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT SlopHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
 Segregated ballastHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
CARGO HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TANKS
Parcel chemical tankers have stainless steel cargo tanks to ensure compatibility with the full range of
cargoes and to facilitate tank cleaning. Stainless steel of the duplex type is favoured in new ships.
Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTolder shipsHIMT
HIMT HIMT haveHIMT
stainless steelHIMT
HIMT HIMT centre
HIMT tanks
HIMTand
HIMTwing
HIMTtanks whichHIMT
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
coated.
HIMTHowever,
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdegree
trend in modern ships is to have stainless steel throughout to provide the highest possible HIMT HIMTof HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-handling flexibility. The absence of internal stiffeners and other structures in the tank reduces
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloss,
HIMT speeds
HIMT HIMToperations
HIMT HIMTand facilitates
HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning.
HIMT HIMT Cleaning
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
accomplished
HIMT HIMT by means
HIMT of fixed,
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMTmachines.
HIMT HIMT The complement
HIMT of 40-plus
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMTon a parcel
HIMT tanker
HIMT HIMT can
HIMT include
HIMT HIMT deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto provide
HIMT HIMT additional capacity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor theHIMT
HIMT carriage of small-volume
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTparcels.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT figure
HIMT HIMTillustrates
HIMT HIMThowHIMTthe above
HIMT HIMT tanks mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT be located in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT Chemical Tanker.
Slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTanks are tanks
HIMT HIMT designated
HIMT HIMT or used
HIMT HIMT for tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTwash
HIMTand
HIMTcargo residues.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanks
Cargo HIMT HIMTmayHIMT
alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
be used HIMT
as slop HIMTand
tanks HIMTvice
versa.

Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers:
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMTof
design HIMT HIMT HIMT
a chemical HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMTon
is based HIMT HIMT
that of aHIMT HIMT HIMT oil
conventional HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
following HIMTof
classes HIMT HIMT
ship mayHIMT HIMT
carry HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemicals:
1. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker
2. Product tanker HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3. Parcel tanker HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT IBCHIMT
HIMT andHIMT
bulk HIMT
chemical codes
HIMT HIMT divide
HIMT chemical
HIMT tankers
HIMT HIMT into HIMT
HIMT HIMT threeHIMT
categories:
ShipHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT type HIMT
1 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ShipHIMT
2 and
ShipHIMT
3 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreflect
Which HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the dangerous andHIMT HIMTproperties
noxious HIMT HIMT of
HIMT
theHIMT HIMT to
cargoes HIMT
beHIMT HIMT
carried . HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Constructional
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT materials
HIMT HIMT HIMT and HIMTcoatings:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Materials for construction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of tanks,
HIMT HIMTassociated
HIMT HIMT piping, valves
HIMT HIMT HIMTand pumps
HIMT HIMTare
HIMT chemical
resistant
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MildHIMT
Steel is used
HIMT for the
HIMT HIMT construction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a chemical
HIMT HIMTtanker
 Mild Steel is resistant to most chemicals
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Its propensity to rust
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmakes
HIMT itHIMT
unsuitable
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
chemical certain
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargoes.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT RustHIMT
makes
HIMTtank
HIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMT difficult and HIMT
HIMT HIMT may HIMT
contaminate
HIMT HIMT cargo
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT In an aimHIMT
HIMT to prevent theHIMT
HIMT HIMT rusting
HIMT a HIMT
smoothHIMTsurface is obtained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
tankHIMT
structures
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MildHIMT
Steel cargo
HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMTon chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers are coated
HIMT HIMT internally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithHIMT
paintHIMT
thatHIMT
is resistant to HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
groups
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
No coating is HIMT HIMTfor
suitable HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
all cargoes
‗coating
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT resistant
HIMT HIMTlist‘
HIMT must
HIMTbe strictly
HIMT HIMTfollowed
HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMTaHIMT
cargo is to
HIMT be loaded
HIMT HIMT HIMTin aHIMT
coated
HIMTtank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MostHIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT have
tankers HIMT HIMT
their HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-tank HIMTdivided
section HIMT HIMTintoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcoated
- some HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstainless
- some HIMT HIMTsteel
HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Stainless steel may be ‗clad‘HIMT
or ‗solid‘.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Clad steel consists of a mild steelHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT plateHIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
a ‗veneer‘ HIMT HIMT
of stainless HIMTofHIMT
steel aboutHIMT
2mmHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
thickness HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Stainless steel is resistant to almost all chemicals
 Stainless steel is not ‗stainless‘ or corrosion resistant unless it is handled properly
 The main type of tank coatings used in chemical tankers‘ cargo tanks are
- Zinc silicate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT- HIMTEpoxy
-
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Phenolic resin
- Polyurethane
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Each type
HIMT of coating
HIMT HIMT HIMTis resistant
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTcertain
HIMTgroups of chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT only
Coatings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT &HIMT
Compatibility:
Suitable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Unsuitable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Comments
Epoxy
HIMT HIMT HIMT Alkalis,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTglycols,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Aromatics
HIMT HIMTe.g.HIMT HIMT HIMT Some coatings
HIMT HIMT can HIMT
HIMT HIMT pickHIMT
up HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
seawater,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT animal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT benzene,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT product traces
fats,HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vegetable oilsHIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT toluene,
HIMTethanol,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT methanol
Phenoli HIMTsolvents,
Strong HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresistance
Better HIMT HIMT HIMT
than HIMT
epoxy,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
c resins HIMT HIMT HIMT
polyurethanes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
but costs more HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Zinc HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Aromatic HIMT
Acids, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
alkalis, HIMT HIMT
Moisture HIMTcan
in tank HIMT HIMT in
result HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
silicate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbon seawater. Most some halogenated compounds
solvents, e.g. vegetable oils and reacting with
benzene,toluene, animal fats cargo to produce acids which
alcohols, ketones damage coating

Polyuret HIMT HIMTsuitable
All cargoes, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Has HIMT HIMT HIMT
smooth finishHIMT HIMT
which HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleans
hane HIMT HIMT
for epoxy HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
coatings, moreHIMT HIMT than
easily HIMT epoxy
someHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
compatible HIMTsoluble
Water HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should
with zinc silicate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
not be followed by water until HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
coating HIMT HIMT
has been driedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Rubber
HIMT HIMT HIMT Highly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT corrosive
lining
HIMT HIMT HIMT substances,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTe.g.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
phosphoric HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
acid;
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTacid
hydrochloric HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Stainles Sulphuric acid, nitric Different grades of steel are
s steel acid, phosphoric used. Corrosion does occur but
acid, caustic soda can usually be monitored.
(up to certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Seawater is especially
temperatures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT only),HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT corrosive so HIMT
HIMT HIMT care HIMT
mustHIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
wine taken in tank washing
TANK
HIMT HIMT HIMT COATINGS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
COATINGS:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Some chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers dedicated
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT HIMT carriage
HIMT of highly
HIMT HIMT corrosive
HIMT HIMT cargoes
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Their cargo
HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMT rubber-lined.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlining
Rubber HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
has been usedHIMT HIMT
in the HIMT
cargo HIMTcarrying
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
organic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
acids.
 Reactivity of chemicals destroy the paint coatings

PASSIVATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ON STAINLESS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT STEEL
HIMT HIMT CHEMICAL
HIMT HIMT HIMT TANKERS:
Passivation HIMT HIMT
is a process toHIMT
buildHIMT
up aHIMT HIMT
layer HIMT HIMT HIMT
of Chromium oxideHIMT
armourHIMTon HIMT HIMT HIMTStainless
Austenetic HIMT HIMTsteel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
shipsHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT
tanks . HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmono-molecular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oxideHIMT layerHIMT
is about 10 angstroms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (HIMTone HIMT
dividedHIMT byHIMT
10 million--
HIMT HIMTmillimeters
HIMT HIMT )HIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT
invisible , chemically unreactive, self repairing and uni-potentialises the Stainless steel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT surface. The
action
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is by HIMT
HIMT oxygenHIMTandHIMTwater
HIMTon HIMTa clean
HIMT surface.
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is theHIMT
policy to HIMT
HIMT passivate the SUS
HIMT HIMT HIMT316L and SUS
HIMT HIMT HIMT 316LN
HIMT HIMTaustenitic
HIMT HIMT SSHIMT
tanks with
HIMT 14%
HIMT by HIMT
HIMT volumeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cold
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTNitric
HIMTacid
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTusual
HIMTaggressive cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich require
HIMT HIMT HIMT passivation
HIMT HIMT HIMTto deHIMT
doneHIMT is after
HIMTdischg of wet
HIMT HIMT Phosphoric
acid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT( fertilizer
HIMT HIMT grade
HIMT)HIMT
, HotHIMTCaustic
HIMTsoda solution,
HIMT HIMT HIMTSulphuric
HIMT HIMTacid,
HIMT Epichlorohydrin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT etc. HIMT
Prolonged
washing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith very
HIMT hot HIMT
HIMT salt water
HIMT HIMTafterHIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMTof Palm oil fatty
HIMT HIMT HIMT acids
HIMTetc canHIMT
HIMT alsoHIMT
cause
HIMTlocal
HIMTfailure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
the passive HIMTPassivation
layer. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is also HIMTwhen
done HIMT HIMT HIMT, HIMT
free iron HIMTother
rust and HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
deposits HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
adversely
affect HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
metallurgical HIMT HIMT
or sanitary HIMT HIMT
condition of HIMT HIMT
stability ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the surface.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrated acidHIMT HIMT HIMT
available HIMT HIMT
on board in 200 HIMT
litreHIMT HIMTisHIMT
drums HIMT68%.
usually HIMTContact
HIMT HIMT HIMT
time forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Nitric
acid is 2 hours. Then rinse with Fresh water of low chlorides as obtained from ships fresh water HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
generator tille the pH value is 7. After that allow the tank to dry by natural ventilation for about 12 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hours. Before HIMT HIMTacid
recirc HIMT HIMTtank
, the HIMT HIMTbe
must HIMT HIMTdegreased
totally HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and clean
Piping systems and valves: Oil Tankers
Marpol
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTannexe
HIMT HIMT HIMT 1 :Regulation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 30HIMT- Pumping,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpipingHIMT HIMT and discharge
arrangement
1. In every oil tanker, a discharge manifold for connection to reception facilities for the discharge of
dirty ballast water or oil-contaminated water shall be located on the open deck on both sides of the
ship.
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT In every
HIMToil tanker
HIMT HIMTof 150HIMT
HIMT gross
HIMTtonnage andHIMT
HIMT HIMT above, pipelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMT
the discharge to theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT seaHIMT
of ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor oil contaminated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo tank
HIMT areas
HIMT HIMTshall
HIMTbeHIMTledHIMT
to the open
HIMT deck
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
to the ship‘s
side
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTabove
HIMT the
HIMTwaterline
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
the deepest
HIMT HIMT ballast condition.

Piping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT arrangements
Piping arrangements for discharge above the waterline
Lines
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
the sea
HIMTabove the waterline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmustHIMTbe HIMTledHIMT
either:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1.HIMT
to aHIMT
ship‘sHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge HIMTlocated
outlet HIMT HIMTaboveHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
waterline HIMT
in the HIMT HIMT
deepest HIMTcondition;
ballast HIMT HIMT or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.2. to a midship discharge manifold or, where fitted, a stern or bow loading/discharge facility above the
upper
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT deck.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTship‘s
HIMTside
HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMToutlet should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
so located
HIMT HIMTthatHIMT
its lower edgeHIMT
HIMT HIMT will not
HIMTbe submerged
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship
HIMT carries
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTmaximum
HIMT HIMTquantity
HIMT HIMT of ballast
HIMT HIMTduring
HIMTits ballast
HIMT HIMTvoyages,
HIMT HIMThaving regard
the type
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtrade
HIMT ofHIMT
the ship. The discharge
HIMT HIMT outletHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT located
HIMTabove the waterline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in theHIMT
HIMT following ballast
condition willHIMT HIMT HIMT as
be accepted HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
complying HIMT HIMT
this HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requirement:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
On HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tankers notHIMT HIMT HIMT
provided withHIMT
SBTHIMT HIMTthe
or CBT, HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast HIMT when
condition HIMT HIMT HIMT carries
the ship HIMT HIMT bothHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
normal
departure ballast and normal clean ballast simultaneously; and
On
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil HIMT
HIMT tankersHIMT provided
HIMT HIMT with SBT
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
CBT,HIMT the HIMT
ballast
HIMTcondition
HIMT HIMT when
HIMTtheHIMT ship carries
HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
segregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor dedicated
HIMT HIMT clean
HIMTballast
HIMT HIMTtanks,
HIMTtogether
HIMT HIMTwith additional
HIMT HIMT HIMTballast
HIMTin cargo
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
tanks . HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTEvery
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil tanker HIMT HIMT
delivered after HIMT
1 JuneHIMT HIMT required
1982, HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMTwith
be provided HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
segregated HIMT
ballast HIMTorHIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
fitted HIMT a HIMT
crudeHIMT HIMT HIMTsystem,
oil washing HIMT HIMT HIMT
shall HIMT HIMT
comply HIMTfollowing
with the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requirements:
.1. it shall be equipped with oil piping so designed and installed that oil retention in the lines is
minimized; and
.2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT means
HIMT shall
HIMT HIMTbe provided
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTdrain
HIMTallHIMT
cargo HIMTpumps and HIMT
HIMT HIMT all oil lines
HIMT HIMT at HIMT
the HIMT
completion
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhereHIMT HIMT necessary
HIMT HIMTby HIMT
connection
HIMT HIMT to aHIMT
stripping device.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTline
HIMT and pump
HIMT HIMTdraining
HIMT HIMT shall
HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
capable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of being
HIMT HIMT discharged
HIMT HIMT both
HIMTashore and HIMT
HIMT HIMT to a HIMT
cargoHIMTtankHIMT
or aHIMT
slopHIMT
tank. ForHIMT
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTashore
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
special
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsmallHIMT diameter
HIMT HIMT lineHIMT
shallHIMT
be provided
HIMT HIMTand HIMTshall
HIMTbe HIMTconnected
HIMT HIMToutboard
HIMT HIMTofHIMT the HIMT
ship‘s manifold
valves.
HIMT HIMT HIMTOnHIMT HIMToil
every HIMT HIMTthe
tanker HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMTof HIMT HIMTwater
ballast HIMT HIMT
or oilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contaminated water HIMT HIMT
from HIMT HIMT
cargo tank HIMT
areasHIMT HIMT HIMT
shall take place above the waterline, except as follows: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Segregated
HIMT HIMTballast
HIMT HIMTand HIMT
cleanHIMT
ballast
HIMTmayHIMTbe discharged
HIMT HIMT HIMT below the waterline:
.1.1.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inHIMT
portsHIMT or atHIMT
offshore terminals,
HIMT HIMT or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1.2. atHIMT
sea HIMT HIMT HIMT
by gravity, or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1.3.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT
sea HIMT
by pumps if theHIMT
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT water
HIMTexchange is performed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas perHIMT
HIMT convention
.2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Oil tankers
HIMT HIMTwhich, without
HIMT HIMT HIMT modification,
HIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMT
not capable
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
discharging
HIMT HIMT segregated
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMT above
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
waterline mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge HIMT HIMTballast
belowHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
waterline HIMTprovided
at sea, HIMT HIMT HIMT
that theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
surface
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
the ballast HIMT
water has HIMT HIMT
been HIMT HIMT
examined HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediately HIMT
before HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
discharge to HIMT
ensureHIMT HIMT
that no HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contamination HIMT
with oil HIMT HIMT HIMT
has taken HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
place.
Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above delivered on or after 1 January 2010, which has
installed a sea chest that is permanently connected to the cargo pipeline system, shall be equipped
with both a sea chest valve and an inboard isolation valve. In addition to these valves, the sea chest
shall be capable of isolation from the cargo piping system whilst the tanker is loading, transporting, or
discharging cargo by use of a positive means that is to the satisfaction of the Administration. Such a
positive means is a facility that is installed in the pipeline system in order to prevent, under all

circumstances,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe section
HIMT of pipeline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT between the HIMT
HIMT HIMT sea chest valve
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTthe HIMT
inboard
HIMTvalve
HIMT being filledHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
with cargo.
INTERNAL
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PIPEHIMT
LINESHIMT INHIMT
TANKS
HIMTAND HIMT PUMP
HIMT HIMTROOM.
• HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT PipeHIMT HIMT
lines areHIMT HIMT HIMT
provided for HIMT HIMT HIMT
effective cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
handling. HIMTare
These HIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMTkeeping
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
mindHIMT HIMT HIMT
vessel‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT requirements---
HIMT HIMT HIMT noHIMT HIMT HIMT
of parcels, HIMT HIMT
allowable HIMT
time of HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge/ HIMTcapacity
loading HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
the pumps etc.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Fixed pipe lines are arranged for handling cargo. They run on deck, in side tanks and in pump room.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare
They HIMT HIMT fitted
rigidly HIMT HIMT HIMT on
on deck HIMT HIMT HIMT
sleepers andHIMT HIMT HIMT
allowed HIMT HIMT
to expand andHIMT HIMT
to flex HIMT HIMT
during heavy HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
weather.
Electrical HIMT HIMT
continuity isHIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained HIMT HIMT HIMT
throughout. Pipe HIMT HIMTsize,
line are HIMTvalves,
HIMT HIMT lay HIMT HIMT
up are HIMT HIMT
selected withHIMT
viewHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
numberHIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carried, HIMTofHIMT
number HIMT
ports HIMT HIMT
visited, timeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for discharge, HIMT of
number HIMT HIMT HIMT
parcels, loadHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge capacity. Bell mouths are fitted at pipe end inside the tank. Cargo wells are fitted belowHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT
bellHIMT HIMT(ifHIMT
mouth DBHIMT HIMTfor
below) HIMT HIMT HIMT
complete HIMT HIMTValves
pumping. HIMT HIMTare HIMT
fittedHIMT HIMT HIMTlocation
at strategic HIMT HIMT to HIMT
haveHIMT HIMT HIMT
segregation and easier handling of cargo. Pipe lines are designed to with stand max cargo discharge
pressure and corrosion loss. There are manifolds on port and stbd side to facilitate load and
discharge of cargo. Huge trays are fitted below to collect any leaky/accidental pipe leak etc and
transfer to slop/cargo tank. Pressure gauge will be fitted at the manifold to monitor discharge/loading
pressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTManifold
HIMT HIMTwhich are not
HIMT HIMT HIMT inHIMT
use HIMT
are blanked.
HIMT HIMT Constantly
HIMT HIMT HIMT monitored
HIMT HIMT during
HIMTcargo operation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT height
Shut down device is fitted near manifold to stop cargo pump in an emergency. The manifold HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsize
HIMTareHIMT
standardized.
HIMT HIMT HIMTNo of
HIMTmanifold will HIMT
HIMT HIMT be same
HIMTas HIMTnumber of groups.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sampling
HIMT HIMT valves
HIMTwillHIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
fitted to draw line sample. Bunker manifold are also fitted at the mid ship. All pipe lines
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on deck are
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tested
HIMTandHIMTdate,
HIMT test
HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT will stamped
HIMT HIMT HIMTon each pipe HIMT
HIMT HIMT line. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Piping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTarrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in crude
HIMT HIMToil HIMTtankers:
Free
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflow HIMT system:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflow
HIMTfrom
HIMTship‘s
HIMTtank
HIMT through
HIMT HIMT the valves
HIMT HIMTfitted
HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT bulk HIMT
heads.HIMTLarger rectangular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sliding
HIMTvalves
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are
HIMT HIMT HIMT setHIMT
HIMT in tank
HIMTbulk
HIMTheads and when
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthese open
HIMT HIMTthroughout
HIMT HIMT the HIMTship
HIMT ,all
HIMTtanks
HIMTare is HIMT
HIMT directly
HIMT opened
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
upHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to the
HIMTpump.
Normal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT centrifugal
HIMT HIMT pumps alongHIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
ejectors are used
HIMT HIMT for pumping.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTGenerally
HIMT HIMTfor free
HIMT HIMTflow
HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
separate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMTpumps
HIMTareHIMTnot provided.

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
free-flow HIMT HIMT
system HIMT
avoids theHIMT
useHIMT HIMT HIMTpipelines,
of extensive HIMT HIMT but
HIMThas
HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
disadvantage thatHIMT
the HIMT
tanksHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
can onlyHIMT
beHIMT HIMTsimultaneously
emptied HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or in HIMT HIMT
a fixed HIMT HIMT HIMT
sequence. HIMT HIMT
Oil reaches theHIMT
pumpHIMT HIMT HIMT
through HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a suction
HIMT HIMT HIMT
tailHIMT
pipeHIMT HIMTafter
in the HIMTtank
HIMT and
HIMTfrom
HIMT the
HIMTremaining
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT valves
through HIMT HIMT HIMTtransverse
in the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bulkheads
between theHIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks. HIMT HIMT
Sometimes theHIMT
freeHIMT
flowHIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
the direct HIMTare
system HIMT HIMT HIMT
combined soHIMT
thatHIMT
the HIMT
directHIMT HIMT HIMT
system HIMTfor
is used HIMT
portHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
starboard wingHIMT HIMT
tanks andHIMT HIMT HIMT
free-flow HIMTcentre
for the HIMT HIMT
tanks.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Direct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT line
HIMTsystem:
Longitudinal linesHIMT HIMT
in the HIMTtanks
centre HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
branching HIMT HIMT
to suction bellHIMT HIMT
mouth HIMT a
inside HIMT HIMT
tank. HIMTloading
Faster HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and discharging are possible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMTsystem,
direct HIMT HIMT in HIMT
whichHIMT
theHIMT HIMT
tanker HIMT HIMT
is divided HIMT
into HIMT
three or HIMT
moreHIMT HIMT HIMT
sections, eachHIMT HIMT HIMT
of which HIMT
in turn is HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT into
subdivided HIMTindividual
HIMT HIMTtanks.
HIMT HIMTOneHIMT
pumpHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
assigned HIMT
to each HIMT HIMT
section by aHIMT
mainHIMT HIMT HIMT
pipeline, HIMT
which in HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
turn HIMT HIMT HIMT
is connected HIMT by
to tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT
tailpipes andHIMT
gateHIMT HIMTThe
valves. HIMTmain
HIMT pipelines
HIMT HIMTareHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
interconnected
through cross-over sluice valves. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmain HIMTsystem:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT main
HIMTpipe
HIMTlines
HIMTof a tank
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTlaid
HIMTin HIMT
a ring format.
HIMT EachHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo tank
HIMT is HIMT
HIMT pumpedHIMTout
HIMTthrough oneHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
direct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT line
HIMTorHIMTthrough a system
HIMT HIMT of cross
HIMT HIMT HIMT over
HIMT valves
HIMT HIMTandHIMT
master
HIMT valves by HIMT
HIMT HIMT an inducting
HIMT HIMTsuction line.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system is very
HIMT HIMT HIMTversatile.

In the ring system, a ring pipeline has separate suction tail pipes tapped off to each tank and
controlled by a gate valve. By opening the appropriate gate valve, each tank in turn can be emptied
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the main pumps.
HIMT HIMT HIMTWhen loading,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTmain
HIMTpumps areHIMT
HIMT HIMT bypassed andHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
ring HIMT
pipeline
HIMTbecomes
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
gravity
HIMTflow
HIMTline
HIMTsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
that
HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMTcan beHIMT
HIMT loaded
HIMTbyHIMT
opening the appropriate
HIMT HIMT gateHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT valve.
Combination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem.
Combined HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Combination HIMT HIMT
of above. HIMT
Two orHIMT
moreHIMT
ringHIMT HIMT HIMT
main HIMT HIMT
systems areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided.

Deck linesHIMT(manifolds
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
etc)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cross HIMT HIMT
overs : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT All HIMT
the HIMT
mainHIMT
cargo
HIMTlines connected
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT each other
HIMT HIMT with valves
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
facilitate
HIMT HIMTease
discharge/load
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT Before
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT operation the ―line
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTup‖ is HIMT
HIMT checked
HIMTby OOW
HIMT HIMTas wellHIMT
HIMT C/OHIMT HIMT HIMT
to prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTany cargo
HIMT HIMTcontamination. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT valves areHIMT
HIMT checked for HIMT
HIMT HIMT its tightness
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
testing.
Bypasses :
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTused
Usually HIMT HIMT HIMT
during HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT
operation HIMT HIMT
to prevent cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
passing HIMTcargo
through HIMT HIMT HIMT These
pumps. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are HIMT
line HIMT
with HIMT HIMT
valves HIMT from
joining HIMT HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT HIMT
to pump HIMTlines.
suction HIMT HIMT HIMTdry
During HIMT HIMT HIMT
docking the HIMT
leakyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwill
valves HIMT HIMT HIMT and
overhauled HIMTfitted.
HIMT HIMT HIMTdry
During HIMT HIMT HIMT
docking theHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMTwill
pipes HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
inspected HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
corrosion/pitting

Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpipe lines
HIMT HIMT HIMTand systems:
Cross
HIMT HIMT HIMT section
HIMT HIMT of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical tanker:
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT manifold

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTwo tanks
HIMT HIMT having
HIMT HIMT same
HIMT HIMT parcel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Discharged through a pipe bend
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT piping
HIMT HIMT systems
HIMT in chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT HIMT are generally
HIMT HIMT HIMT very
HIMTsimple. To HIMT
HIMT HIMT a large
HIMTextent there
HIMT HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
individual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT runs
HIMT ofHIMT
pipes all the
HIMT HIMTway
HIMTfrom
HIMTthe deck
HIMT HIMTmanifold
HIMT HIMTthrough the pump
HIMT HIMT roomHIMT
HIMT HIMT to each
HIMTcargo tank.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT primary
HIMT aimHIMT
HIMT HIMT is, of course,
HIMT to eliminate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the riskHIMT
HIMT of contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT between
HIMT HIMTcargo parcels
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
reduce cleaning problems, but also to enable simultaneous discharge from several
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks to shoreHIMT HIMT HIMT
and,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTperhaps
HIMT HIMTalso to HIMT
HIMT lighters
HIMTalongside.
HIMT HIMT HIMTValve or HIMT
HIMT doubleHIMTvalve
HIMTseparation is never
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTacceptable
HIMT HIMT HIMTas aHIMT HIMT HIMT
means
HIMT HIMT HIMT of cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT segregation
HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
the chemical
HIMT HIMTtrade
HIMT for normal
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT segregation,
HIMT simple
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTblind
HIMTflanges
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are
HIMT HIMT HIMT acceptable.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDouble
HIMTblind
HIMT flanges
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTdrain
HIMTinHIMT
between
HIMT HIMT(or HIMT
removable pipeHIMT
HIMT HIMT bend)
HIMTare
HIMTused
safeguard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 100%
HIMT HIMT against
HIMT HIMTcontamination.
HIMT HIMT HIMTVessels
HIMT HIMTwithHIMT submerged
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps normally
HIMT HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMTnoHIMT HIMT HIMT
connection HIMT HIMTbetween
possibilities HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or pipes HIMT HIMT
except at the HIMT HIMTship
mid HIMTmanifold.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
Control
segregation HIMT HIMT
is therefore HIMT
safe andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
easy.
HIMT HIMT HIMTSmall
HIMT HIMT
hoseHIMT HIMT HIMT
connections HIMT
are HIMT HIMT
provided HIMT HIMT
in pump room HIMT
andHIMT
deck HIMT
for HIMT HIMT or
steaming HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
blowing.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT glands
Expansion HIMT HIMT areHIMT
not HIMT HIMT HIMT
permitted HIMT HIMT
on cargo pipingHIMT
in HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT the
tankers; HIMTuse
stainless steelHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
bellows should be avoided below deck. Expansion of cargo piping could best be accommodated byHIMT HIMT HIMT
arranging HIMT
the HIMTinHIMT
piping HIMT natural
suitable HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bends.
Cargo tanks may also be used for ballast..
Commonly fixed piping arrangements in cargo tanks are:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Discharge
HIMT HIMT line

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT line
Cargo ventilation HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Drop line
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT main
HIMT HIMTpurpose
HIMT HIMTof the
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTline
HIMTis HIMT
to lead
HIMTtheHIMT
cargo
HIMTfrom
HIMT the cargo
HIMT HIMTtank
HIMTtoHIMT
the manifold
HIMT HIMTby HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
means of a cargo pump. In the pump room there are generally two pumps as stand by for each other.

They
HIMT eachHIMT normally
HIMT HIMT connected
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTa group
HIMT of tanks
HIMT HIMTarranged
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
the same types
HIMT HIMT of cargoes.
Grouping of tanks is made with regard to tank coatings, ship‘s trim etc.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ensuring
HIMT HIMT efficient,
HIMTaccident
HIMT HIMT free
HIMT operation
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the basic cargoHIMT
HIMT HIMT handling systems,
HIMT HIMT the designer
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmust
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bear the following requirements in mind:
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT The HIMT
minimum length
HIMT HIMT of cargo
HIMT pipes.
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Direct
HIMT filling
HIMTinto
HIMTtanks.
3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT CargoHIMT pumps.
4.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Closing
HIMTvalves, blanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMTspool pieces,
HIMT HIMT etc.
HIMT if connected
HIMT to more
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthan
HIMTone
HIMTtank.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.HIMT
EasyHIMTaccess HIMTfor
HIMT HIMTline
cleaning andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inspection.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT
drop lineHIMT HIMT HIMT
is mainly usedHIMT HIMT
to fill theHIMT
tank.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The advent of deep-well pumps has made it possible to bring the cargo line directly up to the open
deck from the tank to manifold. And if the tanks can be filled directly through the pump, the need for a
direct filling line has also been obviated.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT main
HIMT HIMTpurpose
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the ventilation
HIMT HIMT lineHIMTisHIMT
to lead
HIMTvapour from
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT cargo tank
HIMT to HIMT
HIMT the cargo ventilation
tower.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT flow
HIMT HIMT of cargo vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMTbeHIMTregulated
HIMT HIMTby HIMT
a pressure/vacuum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreliefHIMT
valveHIMT
in the ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMTline.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT vent
HIMT HIMT outlets are arranged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
prevent
HIMTthe
HIMTentry
HIMTofHIMT
water into
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT cargo tanks
HIMT HIMTand,
HIMTatHIMT
the same time,HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT direct
HIMTtheHIMTvapour
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTupwards.

HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT
vent HIMT HIMT
outlets HIMT HIMTwith
are provided HIMT HIMT screens
flame HIMT HIMT orHIMT
highHIMT HIMTdevices.
velocity HIMT HIMT(Exit
HIMTvelocity
HIMT HIMT
of HIMT HIMT
at least 30HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
m/s.) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
There are several types of valves used in cargo handling systems on chemical tankers. Gate valves,
seat valves, membrane valves, ball valves, butterfly valves etc. the common factor is that a high
degree of tightness than usual is required.
Stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsteel
HIMTisHIMT
often used
HIMT HIMTfor valves
HIMT in chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT main reason
HIMT being
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT avoidHIMT
rustHIMT HIMT HIMT
contamination of the cargo. In some cases stainless steel is a necessity, e.g. with corrosive cargoes
like
HIMT HIMT HIMT phosphoric
HIMT HIMT HIMTacid.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo tank
HIMT valves
HIMT HIMT must be operable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTdeck
HIMTas perHIMT
HIMT classification
HIMT HIMT rules. It isHIMT
HIMT HIMT of great
HIMTadvantage,
particularly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT hazardous cargoes,
HIMT HIMT HIMT that HIMT
HIMT HIMT the more frequently
HIMT HIMT usedHIMT
HIMT HIMT valves
HIMTinHIMT
the HIMT
pumpHIMT
room areHIMT
HIMT alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
arranged with remote control from the deck. Thereby one can reduce the number of visits to the
pump room during discharge, which will increase efficiency and a reduction of risk to personnel.

Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Tankers areHIMT
HIMT HIMT provided with HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoHIMThoses.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMThose constitutes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa weak part HIMT
HIMT HIMT of theHIMT
cargo-handling
HIMT HIMT HIMT system and HIMT
HIMT HIMT that incorrect
HIMT HIMThandling
HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
the hose will increase the danger of fire, health hazard and pollution.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT some HIMTtradeHIMTcargo
HIMT hoses are HIMT
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT aboard.
HIMT HIMT This
HIMTgives
HIMTthe
HIMTvessel added
HIMT HIMT responsibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoHIMT
HIMT HIMT handling in port.
HIMT HIMT The HIMT
HIMT HIMT IMO HIMT
CodeHIMTrules that
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT cargo hoses
HIMT HIMTmust be inspected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
officer
HIMT HIMT HIMT in charge
HIMT HIMT before
HIMT HIMT they
HIMT areHIMT
HIMT takenHIMTinto useHIMT
HIMT eachHIMTtime andHIMT
HIMT thatHIMT
pressure testsHIMT
HIMT HIMT shallHIMT
be carried
HIMT HIMTout.HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTburst
HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
the HIMT
hoseHIMT
should
HIMTnot beHIMT
HIMT lessHIMT
thanHIMT
fiveHIMT
times its HIMT
HIMT services
HIMT pressure. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hoseHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
shall HIMT HIMT HIMT
inspected andHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMT as
tested HIMT HIMT
per HIMT HIMT
National HIMT HIMT HIMT
Regulations. ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
normally meansHIMTannual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTitHIMT
tests HIMT HIMTto
is advisable HIMT
getHIMT HIMT HIMT
it tested by aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
representative of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the maker HIMT HIMT
inspect HIMT HIMT
the hose duringHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
testing. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
procedure HIMT HIMT
includes HIMT HIMT
measuring HIMT
the HIMT HIMTelongation
lengthwise HIMT HIMT HIMTduringHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMT HIMT
increase fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 2
1 HIMT
kp/cm HIMT to HIMT HIMTpressure
working HIMT HIMT(max.
HIMT HIMT
2.5%). HIMT HIMT
Test HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMT
shall HIMT HIMT
normally be HIMT HIMTpressure
working HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
+25%.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMTshall
hose HIMTlie
HIMT HIMT HIMT
straight HIMT
on flat HIMT HIMT
ground HIMT
during HIMT
tests HIMT
and HIMT
shall beHIMT HIMT
rolled HIMT HIMT and
backwards HIMTforwards
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
enable it to stretch freely. The condition of internal liner and flange connections to be inspected HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
particular. Check hose wall for de-laminations and flange connections for creep. British Standard HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTBSHIMT HIMT HIMT
1435/54 gives further details. Check electrical bond between flanges.
Hoses should be stored, after cleaning, in a well-ventilated location protected from direct sunlight.
Blind flanges should preferably be fitted during storage. Hoses should not be stored together with
other
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTship
HIMTstores etc.HIMT
HIMT HIMT but HIMT
should
HIMT beHIMT
keptHIMT
in aHIMT
special room.HIMT
HIMT HIMT Storage
HIMT HIMTin common
HIMT HIMTforecastle is notHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMT HIMT HIMT
advisable in a chemical tanker. Nitrile rubber lined hoses should be oiled inside after solvent
gasoline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pumping, e.g.HIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
a lubricating
HIMT HIMToil. HIMTThe
HIMT maker will state
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhat
HIMT product
HIMT HIMT the hose
HIMT HIMTis suitable
HIMT HIMT forHIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThisHIMT
advice HIMTmust
HIMTbe followed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT AsHIMT
a general guide,
HIMT HIMT HIMThowever,
HIMT HIMTbelow are mentioned
HIMT HIMT some
HIMT HIMT HIMT common
materials
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT used
HIMTfor hose
HIMT linings
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtheir
HIMTtypical services
HIMT HIMT and limitations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DeckHIMTpipeline arrangement

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPipeline
Ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Arrangement:
1.4HIMTPumps
HIMT HIMTand
pumping HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
arrangements
Crude HIMT
oil HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMT HIMT
pump HIMT HIMT
room : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

HIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps: crude HIMToil
HIMT/ HIMT HIMT HIMT
product HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
cargo andHIMT
HIMT COW pumps
HIMT are specially
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
pumping crude
HIMT HIMT oil HIMT
HIMT and oil products
HIMT at HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT heads
nominal HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
capacities fromHIMT
400HIMT HIMT m³/h
to 6500 HIMT in
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Vertical HIMT HIMTorientations.
or horizontal HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
pumpsHIMTare
HIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMTcompact
exceptionally HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
design and HIMT HIMT HIMT
with various HIMT configurations.
nozzle HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
All HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare
components HIMT HIMT HIMT
sturdy HIMT HIMT
and richly HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
dimensioned HIMT
obtain HIMT HIMT
long-life HIMT HIMToperation.
trouble-free HIMT HIMT HIMT
All HIMT HIMT HIMT
rotary HIMT HIMT
elements areHIMT HIMT HIMT
properly HIMT HIMT
balanced HIMT HIMT
to ensure safe HIMT HIMT HIMT
and reliable HIMT HIMT
operation. HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
pumps are HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipped withHIMT HIMTseals
double HIMTand
HIMTbarrier
HIMT HIMT
fluidHIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
on request, alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
leakage HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
detection.
Centrifugal cargo pumps with a double entry impeller have replaced reciprocating pumps in modern
oil tankers.
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMT -HIMTchemical tanker:
Pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT rooms
HIMT HIMTin chemical
HIMT HIMTtankers areHIMT
HIMT HIMT veryHIMT
dangerous because
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT riskHIMT
HIMT of leakage
HIMT HIMTfrom pump
glands,
HIMT HIMT HIMT of toxic/flammable
HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT corrosive
HIMT HIMT HIMTor otherwise
HIMT HIMT harmful
HIMT HIMT liquids. The
HIMT HIMT practice
HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
positioning submersible or deepwell pumps within cargo tanks, eliminates pump room dangers.
Having
HIMT HIMT HIMT individual
HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMTalso
HIMTreduces theHIMT
HIMT HIMT risk of mixing
HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT and contamination.
To make deep well pumps suitable for chemical pumping there will be a different gland arrangements
and shall have bearings of Teflon / carbon

Deepwell
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps:
Each tank is equipped with its own stainless steel deep well cargo pump. The one pump, line and
manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMT crossover
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTper tank
HIMT arrangement
HIMT ensures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTeach
HIMT tank
HIMT can
HIMTcarry
HIMT a different
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTin aHIMT
fullyHIMT HIMT HIMT
segregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT manner.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPumps areHIMT
HIMT HIMT positioned to the
HIMT HIMT aftHIMT
HIMT of each
HIMT tank
HIMT in suction
HIMT HIMT wells and HIMT
HIMT HIMT eitherHIMT
to port
HIMTorHIMT HIMT HIMT
starboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
allow optimal
HIMT tank HIMT
HIMT HIMT emptying. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT combination
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
shallow
HIMTpump wellsHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
highly
HIMT efficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps with a stripping capability also helps ensure that cargo residues are kept to a minimum
following
HIMT HIMT HIMT discharge.
Submerged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpump:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDeepHIMT HIMT HIMT
well HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFramo
HIMT HIMTpumps- Deep-well
HIMT HIMT HIMT Motor
HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
HIMT HIMT top ofHIMT
HIMT tank
The one pump per tank innovative design has changed the way in which tankers are built and
operated.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT most
HIMT HIMTimportant
HIMT HIMT benefits are:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• Segregation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMT
cargoes
HIMTand
HIMTsafety
HIMT for
HIMTvessel and environment
• Increase in vessels annual transport volume
• Efficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtank cleaning
• Reduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshipbuilding time

Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTcargo
HIMTtanks, Discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of parcel
HIMT cargoes,
HIMT HIMT Discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
homogeneous
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(parallel pumping), Cargo heating by deck mounted heaters, Stripping, Tank cleaning.
FRAMO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPUMPHIMT HIMTANDHIMTPUMPING
HIMT HIMT HIMTOPERATIONS:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwell
Deep HIMTand HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
submerged HIMT
pumps HIMT
have HIMTaway
done HIMT with
HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT
suction HIMT where
pipeline HIMT HIMT
90%HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of pumping
problems lie.HIMT HIMTalmost
It has HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
eliminated HIMT HIMT
cavitation for HIMT HIMT HIMT
free flowing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquids.

1.5
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo Heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT SomeHIMT cargoes have
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT heated
HIMT by the
HIMT HIMT ship's
HIMT HIMTcargo heating
HIMT HIMT system
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Main
HIMTreason for heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa cargo
HIMT is to: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTprevent
HIMT HIMT it from
HIMT solidifying
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTkeep HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the viscosity HIMT aHIMT
below HIMTlevel
certain HIMTduring
unloading
• HIMT
Heavy HIMT HIMT
fractions, HIMTas
such HIMT
fuelHIMT HIMT HIMT
oil become veryHIMT HIMT
thick andHIMT HIMT HIMT
sluggish whenHIMT HIMT
cold, HIMT
and, in HIMT
orderHIMT
thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
suchHIMT
oilsHIMT
can HIMT HIMT HIMT
be loaded and HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharged HIMT delay
without HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
it is necessary HIMTthem
to keep HIMT heated
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsteam,
Water, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or thermal oilsHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
is used heatHIMT
the HIMT
oil in HIMT HIMTtank
a ship's HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
TheHIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
tanks andHIMTtheHIMT
slopHIMT
tanks HIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
equipped withHIMT
a cargoHIMTheating
system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT of
purpose HIMT
theHIMT
systemHIMTisHIMT HIMTthe
to heat HIMT HIMTup
crude HIMT
to aHIMT HIMT HIMTat
temperature HIMT HIMT
which HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
viscosity will HIMT HIMT HIMT
allow it to handled by the cargo pumping system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Means are provided to ensure that cargo does not enter boilers or the engine-room through HIMT HIMT HIMT
leakages in cargo heating coils
• The heating can be obtained from the circulation of steam or a thermal fluid in a system of
heating coils
• The heating coils can be in aluminum bronze or in stainless steel - Max. cargo temperature:
65degC
• Fluid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT composed
HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
mineral
HIMTor synthetic
HIMT oils HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• The systems based on thermal fluid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT present higher
HIMTefficiency
HIMT HIMT values in comparison
HIMT HIMT with the
traditional steam ones
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT In alternative the heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcanHIMT
be obtained
HIMT HIMTby a system
HIMT HIMT HIMTwithout
HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTcoils,
HIMTbased on the
recirculation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT cargo by submerged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pumpsHIMTthrough
HIMT HIMT heat exchangers
HIMT mounted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on deck
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT –HIMT
Advantages: TheHIMTabsence of heating
HIMT HIMT coilsHIMT
HIMT HIMT facilitates
HIMT HIMTthe tank HIMT HIMT–HIMT
HIMT washing The HIMT
heat HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exchangers are not exposed to the cargo when the cargo is not
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT beeing heated (lessHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
corrosion)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT heating
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DeckHIMT HIMT HIMT
mounted cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
heaters HIMT HIMT
eliminate HIMT HIMT
the need HIMT HIMT
for in-tank HIMTcoils
heating HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
Cargo HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT
interior can HIMT HIMTwith
be made HIMTflush
HIMTtank
HIMTtop
HIMT HIMT
free HIMT
from HIMTbrackets
coils, HIMT HIMT HIMT
clamps
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
A flush HIMTtop
HIMT HIMT HIMT
facilitates HIMT HIMT
quicker HIMT with
stripping HIMT less
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
remaining HIMT
in the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT
Cargo HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT
washing canHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be performed HIMTwith
quicker, HIMTless
HIMTconsumption
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
of washing HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
lessHIMT
slopHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
handling.
Deck Mounted Cargo Heating arrangements

Cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT coil
circulation-Heating HIMT in
tank
To prevent sediments settling on the tank-top during transport and to maintain the
liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT quality,
HIMT HIMT HIMT a Framo
HIMT HIMT HIMTdiffusor can HIMT
HIMT HIMT be installed on the
HIMT HIMT HIMT outlet
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTdropline
During
HIMT HIMT HIMT voyage
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTis circulated
HIMT HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTdiffusor
HIMT HIMTby running
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
cargo
HIMTpump at HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
intervals.
Cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT-HIMT
circulation HIMT HIMT
Heating HIMT in
Coil HIMT HIMTtank
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Heating,
HIMT HIMT HIMT high
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTviscosity
HIMT HIMT HIMTand solidifying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cat X,HIMT
HIMT Y chemical
substances
In a modern chemical tanker in order to maintain product quality, to minimise the potential for
discoloration, and to facilitate some liquid cargo transport in a safe manner cargo heating is
required.
The
HIMT orders
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
HIMT contain
HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTinformation, if heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is required.
HIMT As HIMT
HIMT HIMT a ruleHIMT
the HIMT
final HIMT
heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instructions are given by the Shipper in writing to the Master / Chief Officer in the port
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of loading. If HIMT HIMT HIMT
those written instructions are not given, the master should request them and issue a Letter of Protest
if they
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMTnot received
HIMT HIMT HIMTat departure. In theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT latter case
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
management officeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT should
HIMTbe immediately
informed.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT heating
HIMT instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may contain
HIMT any,HIMT
HIMT HIMT or all, of the
HIMT HIMT following:
Minimum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
voyage
Minimum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
Maximum HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of adjacent HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo

Heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmedium (when
HIMT HIMT HIMT loading edible
HIMT HIMT oilsHIMT
HIMT onlyHIMT
steam and
HIMT / orHIMT
HIMT hot water should
HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT
utilised
HIMTas theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
heating medium in coils / heat exchangers. Thermal oil should not be used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as a heating medium for HIMT HIMT HIMT
edible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oils)
Maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT of the heating
HIMT medium
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTper
The maximum possible temperature increase HIMT unit of HIMT
HIMT time:HIMT
deltaHIMT
T°C/hour
Unintended
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT heating
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrisk of heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT a cargo,
HIMT HIMT whichHIMTshould not be
HIMT HIMT heated,
HIMT mustHIMT
HIMT HIMT be eliminated.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAn ‗unintended
HIMT HIMT HIMT heating‘
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT HIMTcan
a cargo HIMT HIMT
not onlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
influence the HIMT HIMT
quality of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the cargo, HIMTendanger
but can HIMT HIMTthe HIMT HIMTthe
crew, HIMT HIMT and
vessel HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
environment, e.g. HIMT
lifetime HIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT
an inhibitor canHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be shortened HIMT HIMT
drastically HIMT HIMT HIMT
by unintended HIMTand
heating HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
monomeric cargoHIMT
such HIMT HIMT HIMT
as styrene HIMT HIMT
monomer HIMT
can HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
polymerise.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT
orderHIMT HIMT HIMT
to prevent HIMT HIMTheating
unintended HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
of cargoes HIMTdoHIMT HIMT HIMT
not require HIMT HIMT
heating HIMT HIMTpreventive
the following HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
measures should be taken: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Blank the supply and return of the heating coils HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
When heat is supplied to other tanks, check manually the supply and return of the tanks that do not HIMT HIMT HIMT
require heating. Maintain a log of temperatures of tanks being heated along with surrounding tanks.
Do not stow heated cargo adjacent to cargoes that do not require heating Beware of hot wash of
adjacent besides cargo not requiring heating
1.6
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTInerting
HIMT HIMTof Tanks
(1)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanks
HIMT that have
HIMT HIMT been
HIMTcleaned
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTgasHIMT
freedHIMTshould
HIMTbeHIMTre-inerted
HIMT HIMTaccording
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTmanufacturers
instructions, preferably during the ballast voyage, to allow the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinert gas system to be fully
HIMTtested
HIMT prior
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
handling; purgeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pipes/vents shouldHIMTbeHIMT
openedHIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT when
atmosphere; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the oxygen
concentration of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the atmosphere HIMT
in the HIMT
tank hasHIMT HIMT
fallen HIMT8HIMT
below per HIMT
cent,HIMT HIMT HIMT
the purge HIMT HIMT
pipes/vents HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should
be closed and the tank pressurized with inert gas.
(2)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT During
HIMTthe re-inerting
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT a tank
HIMTfollowing
HIMT HIMT a breakdown
repair of the
HIMT HIMT inert
HIMT gas system,
HIMT non-gas-
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
free andHIMT HIMT HIMTtanks
non-inerted HIMT HIMT shouldHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
re-inerted HIMT HIMT HIMT
in accordance withHIMT HIMT HIMT
subsection (1);HIMT HIMT
during HIMT HIMT
inerting, no HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ullaging, dipping, sampling or other equipment should be inserted, unless it has been established thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
the tank is inert; this should be done by monitoring the efflux gas from the tank being inerted until the
oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT content
lessHIMTthanHIMT8 per cent
HIMT HIMTby HIMT
volume;HIMTthis
HIMTprocedure
HIMT HIMTshould continue
HIMT HIMT for asHIMT
HIMT HIMT longHIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
determined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by previous
HIMT HIMT test records
HIMT whenHIMT
HIMT HIMT inerting
HIMTgas-free
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMTto ensure
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTthe efflux
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTis HIMT
fully HIMT HIMT HIMT
representative of the atmosphere within the tank. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(3)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMT allHIMT
tanksHIMThave
HIMT beenHIMTinerted,
HIMT HIMTtheyHIMT
should
HIMTbe kept
HIMT common
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT the inert
HIMT gas
HIMTmain
HIMT and
maintained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT at a positive
HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMTin excess
HIMT HIMT of 100
HIMTmillimeters
HIMT HIMT HIMTwater gauge
HIMT HIMTduring the rest
the HIMT
cycleHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation.
Inert gas (IG) piping
Fitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon HIMTallHIMT
tankers
HIMTover
HIMT20,000 dwt HIMT
HIMT HIMT and onHIMTallHIMT
tankers
HIMTfitted
HIMT with
HIMTcrude oil washing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (COW) systems.
IGHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT piping
HIMTis HIMT
usually
HIMT large
HIMTdiameter
HIMT HIMT low-pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT mildHIMT
steel,
HIMTwith smaller
HIMT diameter
HIMT HIMT HIMT branch
HIMT HIMT lines.
HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
internal
HIMT HIMT HIMT surface
HIMT HIMT HIMTof inert
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTpiping
HIMTdoes
HIMT not usually
HIMT HIMT corrode.
HIMT HIMTThe HIMTexternal
HIMT HIMTsurface is painted
HIMT HIMT but will
corrode
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTif the paint
HIMT HIMTcoating
HIMT HIMT deteriorates.

INERT
HIMT HIMT HIMT GASHIMT
HIMT HIMT SYSTEM:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT purpose
HIMT of inert
HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMTinHIMT
a crude
HIMToil / product
HIMT tanker
threeHIMT
folds.
1. prevention
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof fire by HIMT
HIMT creating
HIMTan inert
HIMT atmosphere.
2. prevention
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof corrosion
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
the tank
HIMT body, due HIMT
HIMT HIMT to less oxygen
3. to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT maintain
HIMT a positive
HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMT in the
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT all HIMT
HIMT the time
Hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT normally encountered
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
petroleum
HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT cannot
HIMT HIMTburn in an
HIMT atmosphere
containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTless
HIMTthan
HIMTapproximately
HIMT HIMT HIMT11% HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTby volume.
HIMT HIMTOne HIMTway
HIMTtoHIMT
provideHIMTprotection
HIMT HIMTagainst
HIMT HIMT fireHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT HIMT HIMT
explosion in theHIMT HIMT space
vapour HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of cargo tanksHIMT
is toHIMT
keep HIMT
the HIMT HIMTlevel
oxygen HIMTbelow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
that figure. ThisHIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT
achieved byHIMT
using HIMT HIMTpiping
a fixed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
arrangement HIMT
blowHIMT HIMT
inert gasHIMT
intoHIMT
eachHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT
tank in HIMT
orderHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to reduce
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the air HIMT HIMTand
content, HIMT HIMT HIMT
hence HIMT HIMT
the oxygen HIMT HIMT
content, and HIMT
render HIMT
theHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere HIMT HIMT HIMT The
non-flammable. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTused
equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is usually a very HIMT HIMT
large HIMT
inert gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
generator HIMT HIMT
or using HIMTgases
the flue HIMT HIMT
fromHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the main
engine HIMT
which areHIMT HIMT
cooled HIMTtoHIMT
prior entryHIMT
intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
the tanks HIMT HIMT
by passing HIMT HIMT
through HIMTscrubber.
a water HIMT HIMTThe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
acceptable standard of 02 content achieved must be below 8%. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Inert gas displaces air from a cargo tank and creates an inert atmosphere inside. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Keep always all cargo tanks and slop tanks inerted. Maintain a positive pressure of inert gas inside a
tank.
Boiler Flue Gas Systems
Function of HIMT
InertHIMT
GasHIMT
SystemHIMT:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The exhaust gas is drawn from the boiler and this exhaust gas is fed into a scrubber unit to clean
the exhaust off sulphur and nitrous products.
Flue
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT passes
HIMT to theHIMT
HIMT HIMT scrubber via the
HIMT HIMT HIMTuptake valveHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Enters at the bottom via a water seal and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT passes upHIMT
through
HIMTaHIMT
series
HIMTof HIMT
sea water sprays
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
baffle
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT plates
HIMT beingHIMT
HIMT HIMT cooled
HIMTandHIMTcleaned before
HIMT HIMT HIMTexiting via aHIMT
HIMT HIMT demister
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
supplied
HIMTvia
HIMTtheHIMT
scrubber pump,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the sprays
HIMT HIMTreduce theHIMT
HIMT HIMT temperature
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
within
HIMT5ºCHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the sea water temperature, the sulphur dioxide content is reduced 90%, and the gas is
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clear of
soot.
The tower is rubber lined and other parts are made of inconel or glassfibre to protect against the
SO2 .The water seal at the bottom is provided by the weir arrangement fitted to the drain system.

Blowers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT suckHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
inert HIMT
gas and HIMTdeliver
HIMT HIMTthe scrubbed
HIMT HIMT flue HIMTgasHIMTtoHIMT
the cargo tanks.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAtHIMT
leastHIMT
twoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
blowers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are required,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich HIMT HIMTtogether
HIMT shall
HIMT beHIMTcapable
HIMT HIMT of delivering
HIMT HIMTinertHIMT gas
HIMTtoHIMTthe HIMT
cargoHIMT tanks at HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
a rate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
at least
HIMT125HIMTper HIMT cent
HIMTof HIMT
the maximum
HIMT HIMTrate HIMTofHIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT capacity of the
HIMT HIMT ship,
HIMT HIMT expressed
as HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a volume.
Inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Gas
HIMT HIMTthen flows
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT a regulating
HIMT HIMTvalveHIMT to HIMTtheHIMT
deckHIMT
seal.HIMTAt HIMT
the outlet of blowers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
before
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT regulating
HIMT HIMTvalve, an oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTanalyzer
HIMT HIMT is fitted. This HIMT
HIMT HIMT constantly monitors
HIMT HIMT the oxygen
content
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of theHIMT
HIMT HIMT inertHIMT
gasHIMTand HIMTif theHIMT
oxygen
HIMTcontent
HIMT HIMT exceeds 5%,HIMT
HIMT HIMT an alarm is initiated,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT
regulating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwill be HIMT
HIMT closed HIMTautomatically
the inert
HIMTgas HIMTisHIMT
sentHIMT
backHIMTto the scrubber
recirculation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT
water HIMT
seal is HIMT HIMT HIMT
the principal HIMT HIMT
barrier; HIMTseal
a water HIMTisHIMT HIMT
fitted thatHIMT HIMTinert
permits HIMT gas
HIMTtoHIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
delivered HIMT
to the HIMTmain
deck HIMTbut HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevents anyHIMT HIMT HIMT
backflow HIMT HIMT
of cargo gas, HIMT
evenHIMTwhenHIMTthe HIMT
inertHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
gas plant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdown;
is shut HIMT HIMTit is HIMT HIMTaHIMT
vital that HIMT
supply ofHIMT
water HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is maintained to theHIMT HIMT
seal HIMT
at all HIMTparticularly
times, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
whenHIMT HIMT
the HIMT
inert gasHIMTplant HIMT HIMTdown;
is shut HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in addition, HIMTshould
drains HIMT HIMTleadHIMT HIMToverboard
directly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and not
pass through the machinery spaces;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SAFETY HIMT HIMT
CHECKS in anHIMT IGHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
plant:
Ascertain the water supply and water level in the deck seal at regular intervals, at least once per
day.
Check
HIMT water
HIMTlevel
HIMT in HIMTwater
HIMT loops
HIMTinstalled
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
pipeHIMT
workHIMT
for gas,
HIMTwater or pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT transducers,
to prevent the backflow of hydrocarbon gases into gas safe spaces.
In cold
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT weather,
HIMT HIMTensureHIMT HIMT thatHIMT
the arrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMTprevent the freezing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
sealing HIMTwater
HIMTinHIMTthe HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT HIMT
seals,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT vacuum
HIMT HIMT breakers,
HIMT HIMT etc.HIMT
are HIMT
in order.
Re-pressurize
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
inerted HIMT cargo
HIMT tanks with HIMT
HIMT HIMT inertHIMT
gas before
HIMT HIMT their pressure
HIMT drops
HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
100 mm HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcolumn
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFAILURES
POSSIBLE HIMT HIMT HIMT OF HIMT HIMT HIMT
IG SYSTEM : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HighHIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMT
content : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-poor
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
combustion HIMT at
control HIMTtheHIMT HIMT
boiler, HIMT HIMTunder
especially HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions
low load HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-air
HIMT HIMT HIMT
drawn downHIMT HIMT HIMT
the uptake HIMT
when HIMT gas
boiler HIMToutput
HIMT HIMT HIMT
is less HIMT
than theHIMT
inertHIMT
gasHIMT
blowerHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
demand,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTespecially
HIMT HIMT under
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
low load conditions HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-air
leaks between the inert gas blower and the boiler uptake HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
-faulty operation or calibration of the oxygen analyser
-inert gas plant operating in the recirculation mode
-entry of air into the inert gas main through the pressure vacuum valves, mast risers etc. due to
mal-operation.
If the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inert
HIMT HIMT gas plant
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
delivering inertHIMT
HIMT HIMT gas with
HIMTan HIMT oxygen content
more HIMTthan 5 per
HIMT HIMT cent,
HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fault should be traced and repaired. All cargo tank operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshall be suspended if the oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT exceeds
HIMT HIMT HIMT8HIMTper HIMT
cent,HIMT unless
HIMTthe quality
HIMT HIMTofHIMT the HIMT
gas improves.
Inability
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to maintain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT positive
HIMT HIMT pressure during
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTorHIMT de-ballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMToperations
-inadvertent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT closure
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the inert
HIMTgasHIMTvalves
-faulty
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperation
HIMT HIMTof the HIMT
HIMT automatic
HIMT HIMTpressure control
HIMT HIMT HIMT system
-inadequate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT blower
HIMT HIMT pressure
-a cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT rateHIMTin excess
HIMT HIMTof the
HIMTblower output.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMTshould
discharge HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be stopped or HIMT HIMT HIMT
reduced, HIMT HIMT
depending HIMT HIMT
on whether orHIMT HIMT
not the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
positive
pressure HIMT
in the HIMTcan
tanks HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained HIMTthe
while HIMT HIMT
fault is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
rectified.

Inert
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMTon HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMTof
control HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
atmosphere HIMT HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT
tanks onHIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMTisHIMT
tankers HIMT HIMT
exercised for HIMT HIMT
safety andHIMT
for HIMT HIMT HIMT
product quality reasons. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Specially HIMT HIMT
controlled HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmospheres HIMT
of the HIMT spaces
vapour HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
within HIMT HIMT
tanksHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for specified
cargoes HIMT HIMT
are required byHIMT HIMT Bulk
the IMO HIMT Chemical
HIMT HIMT Code.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT
These HIMT
take HIMT
the formHIMT HIMT HIMT
of inerting, HIMT HIMT
padding HIMTand
drying HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ventilation
Uses
HIMT HIMT HIMT of IG:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT To control
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
quality
HIMTofHIMT
the cargo ( e.g.HIMT
HIMT HIMT to reduce cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMToxidation or HIMT
HIMT HIMT moisture
HIMT level.)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT To prevent
HIMT HIMT dangerous
HIMT HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTreactions;
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmoisture
To displace HIMT HIMT HIMTair
laden HIMT HIMT
from HIMTtanks
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrisk
To minimise HIMTofHIMT HIMT
fire or HIMT HIMT
explosion byHIMT HIMT HIMT
blanketing HIMT
of low HIMT–HIMT
flash pointHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes;
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT To HIMT HIMTwashing
facilitate HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
emptyHIMT HIMTtanks
cargo HIMT which
HIMT HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions;
in flammable HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
To blow HIMTclear
HIMT cargo
lines.
Types of IG plant available:
The IG produced should be clean and dry.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Boiler flue
HIMT Gas
• IGG
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT N2 Generator
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Bottled
HIMTNitrogen
1. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Boiler
HIMT Flue Gas:

2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT INERT GASHIMT
HIMT HIMT GENERATOR:
AnHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT inertHIMT
gasHIMT
generator is designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT
produce
HIMT IG byHIMT
HIMT the combustion
HIMT HIMT HIMT of fuel.
HIMTThe
HIMTfuel
HIMTused
HIMTisHIMT
usually
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
marine
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT oil IGHIMT
withHIMT
low oxygen
HIMT HIMT content and HIMT
HIMT HIMT minimal
HIMTSulphur
HIMT HIMT Oxides
HIMT can
HIMTbe produced
HIMT HIMT HIMTin these
systems.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT IGHIMT
generator systems
HIMT HIMT installed
HIMT HIMT HIMTon chemical
HIMT tankers
HIMT HIMT also incorporate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdrying
HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas soHIMT
HIMT that the
HIMTIG or fresh
HIMT air can
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT delivered with HIMT
HIMT HIMT low moisture
HIMT HIMTcontent. One
HIMT HIMT or two
HIMT HIMTstages
HIMT HIMTof HIMT HIMT HIMT
drying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMT be
HIMTinstalled.
HIMT HIMT The firstHIMT
HIMT stage
HIMTisHIMT
a refrigerant
HIMT HIMTdrier
HIMT. HIMT
In theHIMT
refrigerant drier
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT inertHIMT
gasHIMTmayHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
cooled HIMT
about HIMTcentigrade.
5 deg HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
At this HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature mostHIMT HIMT
of the HIMT HIMT
moisture HIMT
in the IGHIMT
can HIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT out.
condensed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT HIMT HIMT
the second HIMTwhen
stage, HIMT HIMT
fitted,HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch
a desiccant HIMT as
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
Silica HIMT HIMT
activated HIMT HIMT
Alumina is usedHIMT
to HIMT
dry theHIMTIGHIMT HIMT HIMT
further
Since HIMT HIMT HIMTgets
desiccant HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
saturated HIMT HIMT HIMT
moisture, it HIMT
needsHIMT HIMT
to be HIMT HIMT HIMT
re-generated. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT uses
arrangement HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
two towers. While the IG is passed through one tower and gets dried by the desiccant, hot air is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
passed through the second tower to dry out and regenerate the desiccant. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3. NITROGEN GENERATOR:
Membrane Type:
HIMT HIMT HIMTMembrane
HIMT HIMT HIMT Separation: The HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT heartHIMT
of HIMT
a nitrogen
HIMT HIMTgenerator
HIMT HIMTusing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT Membrane
HIMT HIMTSeparation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconsists
technique is, unsurprisingly, the membrane separator. The membrane separator HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTthousands
HIMT HIMT HIMT of hollow
HIMT HIMTfibers
HIMTthat
HIMTcompressed
HIMT HIMT HIMTair passes
HIMT HIMT HIMTthrough. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT walls of HIMT
HIMT eachHIMTfiber areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTpermeable
HIMT HIMT HIMT to gas molecules, but some gases can pass through more easily than others. HIMT HIMT HIMT
These ‗fast‘ gases, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, pass through the
HIMT walls
HIMT HIMT HIMTfiber andHIMT
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
exhausted
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
the HIMT
atmosphere. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ‗slow‘ gas,
HIMT nitrogen,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpasses
HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the fiber wall much more slowly, producing a high purity nitrogen stream at the membrane
HIMT HIMT HIMToutlet.
HIMT HIMT There are HIMT
HIMT HIMT no moving
HIMT HIMTparts to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT membrane
HIMT HIMT HIMT separator, simply
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrolling
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure and flow rate of compressed air through the membrane results in high purityHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTnitrogen
HIMT HIMTproduction

PSA
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTType:
HIMT HIMT(pressure
HIMT HIMT swing
adsorption)
HIMT HIMT HIMT•HIMT HIMT HIMT
These HIMT HIMT
use carbon HIMT HIMT
molecular HIMT(CMS),
sieve HIMT HIMT HIMT
which HIMT the
allows HIMTsmaller
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
molecules HIMTinput
in the HIMTair
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(such as oxygen) to penetrate the CMS, whilst the larger molecules of nitrogen bypass the CMS HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to generate the output gas. A PSA generator consists of a pair of steel columns filled with CMS.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PSA generators can achieve higher purity levels than membrane systems, up to 99.9995% HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

1.7
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo Measurement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System
Depending
HIMT HIMT HIMT upon
HIMTrequirements of a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo,
HIMTdifferent
HIMT HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMT systems are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT needed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT accordance withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT IBC/BCH
HIMT HIMTCode
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaccuracy
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
required HIMT HIMT HIMT
of chemical HIMTlevel
carrier HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
gauges HIMTbecause
is high HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
nature
and value of the cargo
To
HIMT HIMT HIMT limit
HIMT personnel
HIMT exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT chemicals
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
their
HIMTvapours while
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT beingHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
handled,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor during
HIMT carriage
HIMT HIMT at sea,
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT IBC HIMT
Code HIMTspecifies
HIMT HIMTthree methods
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT gauging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the level of a liquid in a tank - open, restricted or closed - according to the healthHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hazard of the product
Use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof completely
HIMT closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMT systems is necessary,
HIMT HIMT HIMT soHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
no vapour
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
emitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Examples
HIMT HIMT HIMT of closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMTare float
HIMT HIMTgauges
HIMT HIMTor radar
HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Types of HIMT
HIMT HIMT gauging
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT electrical
HIMT HIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTinstalled
HIMT HIMT or
HIMTused in gas-dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareas is HIMT
HIMT HIMT approved forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation in flammable atmosphere. All electrical installations should be such as toHIMT HIMT HIMT
minimize the risk of fire and explosion from flammable products.
Each
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
provided with
HIMT HIMT means
HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT
indicating
HIMT HIMTthe liquid
HIMT levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMTcargo.
Some cargoes require cargo tanks that are provided with means for indicating the
temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTaHIMT
predetermined
HIMT HIMT HIMT high levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMTcargo.

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid level
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT cargoHIMTtanks mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
measured
HIMT HIMTby
HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
an open, a restricted
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a closed device.
The Bulk Chemical Codes define limitations of the measuring devices with regard to
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT types
HIMT of cargo
HIMT HIMT carried.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtype
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT device
of gauging HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTmay
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be used HIMT HIMTto
is related HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
construction theHIMT HIMT HIMT
device and the amount of vapour to which its user is exposed.
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT open
HIMT HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMT device
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
usedHIMTtoHIMT
measure products
moderate
HIMT HIMTtoxicity
HIMT HIMTandHIMTwhere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the vapours have approximately the same flammable limits as petroleum vapours. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT restricted
HIMT HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMTdevice is HIMT
HIMT HIMT usedHIMT
to HIMT
measure products
HIMTare
HIMTrelatively
HIMT HIMT toxic andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
volatile,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbut
HIMTwhere skinHIMT
HIMT HIMT contact is not
HIMT HIMT HIMTpoisonous.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT closed
HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMT device
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
required forHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
most hazardous
HIMT cargoes.
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT OpenHIMT gauging device
HIMT HIMT HIMT – which
HIMT HIMT makes
HIMT HIMT useHIMT
HIMT HIMT of an
HIMTopening
HIMT HIMTin the
HIMT tanks
HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
expose HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
gauger toHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT
or its HIMT HIMT An
vapour. HIMTexample
of this is theHIMTullage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
opening.
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Restricted gauging
HIMT HIMT HIMT device
HIMT HIMT – which
HIMT HIMT penetrates
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
andHIMT
which, when
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT use,HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
permits a small quantity of cargo vapour or liquid to be exposed to the atmosphere.HIMT HIMT HIMT
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT notHIMT
HIMT HIMT in use,
HIMT the
HIMTdevice isHIMT
HIMT HIMT completely
HIMT HIMT closed.
HIMT HIMT The design
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMT ensure that
HIMT HIMT HIMTnoHIMT HIMT HIMT
dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTescape of tank
HIMT HIMT contents
HIMT HIMT (liquid
HIMT HIMT or spray)
HIMT HIMT could
HIMT HIMT HIMT take place
HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
opening
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
device.
3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Closed gauging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT device- which
HIMT HIMT penetrates
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTtank, butHIMT
HIMT HIMT which
HIMTisHIMT
part of HIMT
HIMT a closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTkeeps tank
HIMT HIMT contents
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom being
HIMT HIMT HIMTreleased. Examples
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMT the
HIMT float typeHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT electronic
systems, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
probe, HIMT HIMT
magnetic HIMT HIMT
probe and HIMT HIMT HIMT
protected HIMTglass.
sight HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Alternatively,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT anHIMTindirect
HIMT HIMTdevice which
HIMT HIMT HIMT does notHIMT
HIMT HIMT penetrate
HIMT HIMTthe tank
HIMT HIMTshell andHIMT
HIMT HIMT whichHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
independent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof the
HIMT tank
HIMT HIMTmay
HIMT be
HIMTused. Examples
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT weighing ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo,
HIMT pipe flowHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
meter. HIMT HIMT
Ships HIMT HIMT
carrying HIMT
toxic orHIMT HIMT HIMT products
flammable HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or both HIMT be
should HIMTequipped
HIMT HIMT HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
at least two instruments designed and calibrated for testing for the specific vapours
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT question. If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT such HIMTinstruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT are not HIMT
HIMT HIMT capable
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
testing
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
both toxicHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
concentrations,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthenHIMTtwo
HIMTseparate
HIMT HIMT sets of instruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
provided.
RADAR
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLEVEL
HIMT HIMT GAUGING:
Measuring HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
principle
Frequency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Modulated
HIMT HIMT HIMTContinuous
HIMT HIMT HIMTWave (FMCW)
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT radar
HIMTsignal
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
emitted viaHIMT
HIMT HIMT anHIMT
antenna,
HIMT HIMTreflected on the
HIMT HIMT HIMT product
HIMT HIMT surface
HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT after
received HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a time HIMTradar
t. The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
principle HIMT HIMT
used HIMT HIMT
is FMCW HIMT HIMT HIMT
(Frequency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Modulated
Continuous Wave). The FMCW-radar transmits a high frequency signal whose
frequency increases linearly during the measurement phase (called the frequency
sweep).

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsignal is HIMT
HIMT HIMT emitted, reflected
HIMT HIMT onHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
measuring surface
HIMT HIMT received with
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
HIMT timeHIMT HIMT HIMT
delay, HIMT HIMT
t. Delay HIMTt=2d/c,
time, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
where d isHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
distance toHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
product HIMT HIMT
surface andHIMT
c isHIMT HIMT HIMT
the speed of light in the gas above the product. For further signal processing the
difference
HIMT HIMT HIMT Δf HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is calculated from
HIMT HIMT actual
HIMTtransmit frequency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand the HIMT
HIMT HIMT received
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
frequency.
The difference is directly proportional to the distance. A large frequency difference
corresponds
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto a large
HIMT distance
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT vice
HIMT versa..
Advantages
HIMT HIMT HIMT Radar
HIMT gauges
 Since the antenna is the only moving part inside the tank, it is highly accurate
andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT highly
HIMTreliable.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Radar
HIMT waves are
HIMT HIMT most
HIMT HIMTsuitable
HIMT HIMT because theyHIMT
notHIMT
affected by the
atmosphere HIMT the
above HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank.
in the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Ultrasonic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gauges
 The working principle of the ultrasonic gauge is very similar to that of the echo
sounders.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTUsually
HIMT HIMTthey will HIMT
HIMT HIMT measure either
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTullage (unfilled
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTspace) or HIMT
HIMT HIMT theyHIMT HIMT HIMT
will measure the depth of the liquid by reflecting sound waves from the liquidHIMT HIMT HIMT
surface. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
receiver HIMTbe
may HIMT HIMT HIMT
located HIMT on
either HIMTthe
HIMT HIMTdome
tank HIMT HIMT
(in HIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carriers)
or at the bottom of the tank.. Adisadvantage is that the reading may vary
depending
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT upon changes
temperature andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
UTIHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
indicators
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT These
HIMT are
HIMT used widely
HIMT HIMT on crude
HIMT HIMT oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT tankers. ThisHIMT
HIMT HIMT type ofHIMT
HIMT gauge, as the
HIMT HIMT HIMTname
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
implies,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT measures
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ullage, temperature,
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMT interface.
HIMT These
HIMT used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during the final phases of loading and during the voyage. Sensors areHIMT HIMT HIMT
provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
bottom
HIMT to
HIMTindicate
HIMT HIMTthe water
HIMT interface
HIMT HIMT since
HIMT HIMT HIMTmost of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTcrude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
willHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT contain water.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT Hermetic
HIMT UTI HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT meter
HIMTGtex is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT gasHIMT
tight liquid
HIMT levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT gauge designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT
closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
gauging of hydrocarbons and chemicals. The sensor is calibrated once at the factory HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdoes notHIMT
HIMT HIMT require subsequent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcalibration. The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMTprobe
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
a RTD
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
element. The characteristics of the RTD are stored inside the sensor. The sensor
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
sending true temperature values to the electronic box. Therefore changing a sensorHIMT HIMT HIMT
or a tape does not require a new calibration. The unit is used for custody transfer,
inventory
HIMT HIMT HIMT control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT measurement
HIMTfree water
HIMT HIMT detection
HIMT on HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT marine vessels
HIMT HIMT
shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks.
HIMT HIMT HIMTConnected toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a Hermetic vapour
HIMT HIMT valve
HIMT HIMT fixed
HIMT on the
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Hermetic UTI meter Gtex avoids any gas release during operation. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Float
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gauge
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT float
HIMT HIMTgauge is HIMT
HIMT HIMT widelyHIMTused on tankers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It consists
HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT a float
HIMTattached by aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tape toHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
an indicating device which can be arranged for local and remote readout. The float
arrangement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay be HIMT
HIMT HIMT installed in HIMT
HIMT HIMT a tubular well.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAlternatively guide
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT wires
HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
fitted. Float gauges often have valves for isolation so that the float can be serviced inHIMT HIMT HIMT
a safe
HIMT HIMT HIMT atmospheres.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfloat
HIMT must beHIMT
HIMT HIMT lifted
HIMTfrom the HIMT
HIMT HIMT liquid level
HIMT HIMT when not
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT use;HIMT
if HIMT
left HIMT
down,HIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT while
sloshing, HIMT HIMT
at HIMT
sea, HIMT HIMT
will HIMT HIMTthe
damage HIMT tape – tensioning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdevice.
HIMT HIMTFloat
gauges
cannot
HIMT HIMT HIMT normally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTregister
HIMT HIMTaHIMT liquid
HIMTlevel of less
HIMT HIMT than
HIMT HIMT ten
HIMT centimeters
HIMT from
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
bottom.

2.0
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT- HIMT
Physical
HIMT HIMTproperties
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of oilHIMTand chemicals:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTBasic
2.1- HIMT HIMTPhysics
Temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure relationship::
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AsHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature ofHIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
rises, HIMTvapour
more HIMT HIMTwill HIMT HIMT HIMT
be released HIMT
from theHIMT
cargoHIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
will HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
increase.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapour
Reid HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure (RVP)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMT HIMT
of a liquid HIMT HIMT
determined in HIMT HIMT HIMT
a standard HIMT in
manner HIMT
theHIMT
ReidHIMT HIMT HIMT
apparatus at aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature of 37.8ºC and with a ratio of gas to liquid volume of 4:1. Used for comparison purposes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
only. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
True vapour pressure (TVP)
The true vapour pressure of a liquid is the absolute pressure exerted by the gas produced by
evaporation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMT
a liquidHIMTwhenHIMT gasHIMTand
HIMT liquid
HIMTareHIMT inHIMT
equilibrium
HIMT HIMTat the
HIMTprevailing
HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT. This
normally around 9% more than the Reid‘s vapour pressure.
Electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT charge
HIMT HIMTgeneration:
Whenever
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtwo HIMT dissimilar
HIMT HIMT materials
HIMT HIMT come
HIMTintoHIMTcontact,
HIMT HIMT electrostatic charge
HIMT HIMT HIMT occurs
HIMT at theHIMT
HIMT HIMT interface.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinterface
HIMT HIMTmay be HIMT
HIMT between HIMTtwo HIMTsolids, between
HIMT HIMT HIMT a solid
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT a liquid
HIMTor between
HIMT two HIMT
HIMT HIMT immiscible
liquids.
There
HIMTthree
HIMTbasic
HIMT HIMTstages HIMTleading up toHIMT
HIMT HIMT a potential
HIMT HIMT static
HIMThazard:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.HIMT
ChargeHIMTseparation;
HIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT
ChargeHIMTaccumulation;
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT
3.HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge.
Electrostatic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Electrostatic HIMT HIMT
discharges canHIMT
occurHIMT
asHIMT HIMTof
a result HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accumulations HIMT HIMT
of charge on:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Liquid or solid non-conductors, for example, a static accumulator oil (such as HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
kerosene) HIMT HIMT
pumped intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a tank,HIMT
or HIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
polypropylene rope;HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Electrically insulated liquid or solid conductors, for example mists, sprays or particulate suspensions
in air, or an un-bonded metal rod hanging on the end of a rope.
The charges can be separated by many processes. For example:
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflow
HIMTofHIMT
liquid petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT through pipes.
•
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmicrons)
Flow through fine filters (less than 150 HIMT HIMTwhich haveHIMT
HIMT HIMT the ability to charge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfuels to aHIMT
HIMT veryHIMT
highHIMT HIMT HIMT
level,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas a result
HIMT of allHIMT
HIMT HIMT the fuel
HIMTbeing brought
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTintimate contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTthe
HIMTfilter
HIMT surface,
HIMT HIMTwhere
HIMTcharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
separation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToccurs.
• Contaminants,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT suchHIMT as water
HIMT HIMTdroplets,
HIMT HIMTrust HIMT
or other
HIMTparticles,
HIMT HIMTmoving
HIMT HIMTrelative to oilHIMT
HIMT HIMT as HIMT
a result
turbulence in the oil as it flows through pipes.
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT settling
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
a solid HIMTorHIMT an HIMT
immiscible
HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMT through a liquid
HIMT HIMT (e.g.HIMT
HIMT HIMT water,HIMT rust
HIMTorHIMT
other particles
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpetroleum).
HIMT HIMTThis HIMT process
HIMT HIMTmay HIMTcontinue
HIMT HIMTfor up HIMT
HIMT to 30 minutes
HIMT afterHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
tankHIMT
contents haveHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmoving.
• Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bubbles
HIMT HIMTrising
HIMT HIMTup through
HIMT HIMT a liquid
HIMT HIMT(e.g.HIMT
air, inert gas introduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinto HIMT
a tankHIMTbyHIMT
the HIMT
blowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlines
cargo HIMT or
HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour from HIMT HIMT HIMT
the liquid itself HIMT HIMT when
released HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMT HIMT
is dropped). HIMT
This HIMT HIMT
process mayHIMT
alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
continue forHIMT
up toHIMT HIMT HIMT
30 minutes HIMT
after HIMT
the tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
contents have HIMT HIMT HIMT
stopped HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
moving.
• Turbulence and splashing in the early stages of loading oil into an empty tank. This is both a
problem in the liquid and in the mist that can form above the liquid.

• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTejection
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
particles
HIMTor droplets
HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMT
a nozzle
HIMT (e.g. during
HIMT HIMT steaming
HIMT HIMT HIMToperations).
•
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwashing
The splashing or agitation of a liquid against a solid surface (e.g. water HIMT HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT or theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
initial
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstages
HIMT HIMTof filling
HIMT aHIMTtankHIMT
withHIMT
oil). HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vigorous
HIMT HIMTrubbing
HIMT HIMT together
HIMT HIMT andHIMTsubsequent
HIMT HIMT separation of certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsynthetic
HIMT HIMTpolymers (e.g.
HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
sliding of a polypropylene rope through gloved hands). When the charges are separated,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a large
voltage
HIMT HIMT HIMT difference
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT canHIMTdevelop between
HIMT HIMT them.
HIMT HIMT HIMTA HIMT
voltage
HIMTdistribution
HIMT HIMT HIMTis also
HIMTset
HIMTup HIMT
throughout
neighboring
HIMT HIMT HIMT space
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand thisHIMT
HIMT is known
asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT an electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT field. Examples
this are:
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT charge
HIMT HIMT onHIMTa charged
HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMTin a tank
HIMT HIMTproduces
HIMT HIMTan electrostatic
HIMT fieldHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT throughout
tank,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTboth
HIMTinHIMT
the HIMT
liquidHIMT
and HIMT
in theHIMT
ullage
HIMTspace; and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcharge
HIMT HIMTon a HIMT HIMT
water HIMT
mist HIMT HIMT
formed by tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
washing HIMT HIMT
produces an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
electromagnetic HIMT
field HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
throughout
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT HIMT HIMT conductor
an uncharged HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is present in anHIMT HIMT HIMTfield,
electrostatic HIMTitHIMT
has HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
approximately HIMT HIMT
the same HIMT
voltage asHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMTitHIMT
region HIMT HIMT
occupies. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Furthermore, HIMTcauses
the field HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a movement HIMT HIMT
of charge HIMT
within HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
conductor - aHIMT HIMT HIMT
charge of oneHIMTsign
attracted by HIMT HIMT to
the field HIMT HIMT
one HIMT
end of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the conductor and HIMT HIMT HIMT
an equal HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
charge
HIMT HIMT HIMT
opposite sign is left at the opposite end. Charges separated in this way are known as ‗inducedHIMT HIMT HIMT
charges‘ HIMT
and, asHIMTlongHIMT
as HIMT
they HIMT HIMT HIMT
are kept HIMT by
separate HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
presence of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the field, they HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
are capable
contributing to an electrostatic discharge.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hazard
HIMT HIMTsymbols:

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Radiation bio-hazrd
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Irritant radio
active
2.2 Basic Chemistry -What is Chemical Symbol?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsymbol
Chemical HIMT HIMT
is HIMT HIMTthat
a code HIMTidentifies
HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMTchemical
certain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
element
Every different chemical element has a particular symbol that denotesHIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
element
The periodic table of elements show all the chemical symbols we use for elements
For example, the chemical symbol for helium is ―He,‖ and phosphorous is ―P.‖
Examples of Latin-derived symbols include potassium ―K‖ from kalium; silver ―Ag‖ from
argentum; and sodium ―Na‖ from natrium

Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT elements
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTgroups
HIMT HIMT HIMT- Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT Structure
Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Structure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT• HIMT HIMT HIMTformula
A chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
showing HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
composition andHIMT HIMT HIMT
structure of aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
molecule
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT• HIMT
TheHIMT
atomsHIMTare
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
represented byHIMT HIMT HIMT
symbols andHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
structure HIMT HIMTby
is indicated HIMT HIMT HIMT
showing theHIMT HIMT HIMT
relative positions of the atoms in space and the bonds between them
Hydrocarbon,
HIMT HIMT HIMT any of HIMT
HIMT a class
HIMTof organic
HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMT compounds
HIMT HIMT composed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTonly
HIMTof theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
elements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarbon (C) HIMT
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
hydrogen (H)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTcarbon atoms
HIMT HIMT HIMTjoin
HIMTtogether
HIMT HIMTto form
HIMT the
HIMT framework
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompound, and
HIMT
hydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatoms attach
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT themHIMT
in many different
HIMT HIMT configurations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT• HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Hydrocarbons HIMT
are theHIMT HIMT HIMT
principal HIMT HIMT HIMT
constituents HIMT HIMT and
of petroleum HIMT natural
gas.
AnHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon is an HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT organic
HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT compound
HIMT HIMT that
HIMTisHIMT
comprised
HIMT HIMTonly
HIMTof HIMT
carbon (C)HIMT
HIMT andHIMT
hydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(H) atoms
Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oils,
HIMT fats,
HIMT waxes,
HIMT HIMTsolvents
HIMT HIMTandHIMT
paraffin are either
HIMT HIMT hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT or contain
HIMT HIMT HIMT large
HIMT HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
sub-units
OilHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT refineries are HIMT
HIMT HIMT one way
hydrocarbons areHIMT HIMT HIMT
processed forHIMT
use HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Crude oil is processed in several

stages
HIMT HIMT HIMT to form
HIMT HIMT HIMTdesired hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts
used as fuel and in other HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Saturated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT are theHIMT
HIMT basisHIMT
of petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMTfuels HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Methane
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT- CH4
Basic
HIMT HIMT HIMT chemistry,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT elements
• An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion H+)
• Bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH −) ions, are slippery
to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus
paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions
• A hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is not
HIMTanHIMT
acidHIMT
or a HIMT
baseHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• A chemical reaction is a process
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that leads
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
theHIMT
chemical transformation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof one
HIMT set
chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT substances
another
Crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
CrudeHIMToil
HIMT HIMT
is the HIMT
term forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
"unprocessed" oil, HIMT HIMTthat
the stuff HIMT HIMT HIMT
comes HIMT
out of theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ground
• It is also known as petroleum
– Crude oil is a fossil fuel
– Crude oils vary in color
– Crude oils are such a useful starting point of various Products
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT On HIMT
average,
HIMTcrude oils are
HIMT HIMT HIMTmade of theHIMT
HIMT HIMT following elements
HIMT HIMT or compounds:
– Carbon - 84%
– Hydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT- 14% HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
– Sulfur -
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1 to 3%HIMT(hydrogen
HIMT HIMTsulfide, sulfides,
HIMT HIMT HIMTdisulfides,
HIMT HIMT elemental sulfur)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contains hundreds
HIMT HIMT of different
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtypes
HIMTofHIMT
hydrocarbons all mixed
HIMT HIMT HIMT together
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Have to separate
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTdifferent types
HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMT
hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT to have
HIMT anything
HIMT useful
• This process is oil refining
• Different hydrocarbon chain lengths all have progressively higher boiling points

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theyHIMT
canHIMT
all beHIMT
separated
HIMT HIMTby HIMT
distillation
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT what happens
HIMT HIMT HIMTin anHIMT
oil refinery?
– in
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oneHIMT
HIMT partHIMT
of the process
HIMT crude
HIMT HIMT oil HIMT
HIMT is heated
– the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT different
HIMT HIMT chains
HIMTare pulled
HIMT out by
HIMT HIMT their
HIMT vaporization
HIMT HIMT HIMT temperatures
– Each
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT different
HIMT HIMT HIMTchain length
HIMT HIMT hasHIMT
HIMT a different
HIMT HIMTproperty
– Extracted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT itHIMTis useful in a different
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTway.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Refining
• HIMT
Petroleum gasHIMT HIMT for
- used HIMT HIMT HIMT
heating, HIMT HIMT
cooking, makingHIMTplastics
– small alkanes (1 to 4 carbon atoms) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
– commonly known by the names methane, ethane, propane, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT butane
– boiling range = less than 104 degrees Fahrenheit / 40 degreesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Celsius
– often HIMTunder
liquified HIMT HIMT HIMTto
pressure HIMT HIMTLPG
create HIMT(liquified
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas)
petroleum HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Naphtha HIMT HIMT
or Ligroin HIMT HIMT HIMT
- intermediate thatHIMT HIMT
will be HIMT HIMT
further HIMT HIMT
processed HIMT HIMT
to make HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
gasoline
– mix of 5 to 9 carbon atom alkanes
– boiling range = 140 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit / 60 to 100 degrees Celsius
• Kerosene - fuel for jet engines and tractors; starting material for making other products
– liquid
– mix
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
alkanes
HIMT (10
HIMTtoHIMT
18 carbons)
HIMT HIMTand HIMT aromatics
– boiling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT range
HIMT = HIMT
350 to 617HIMT
HIMT degrees Fahrenheit
HIMT HIMT / 175
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT 325 degrees
HIMT HIMTCelsius
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GasHIMT
oil or Diesel
HIMT HIMTdistillate
HIMT HIMT-HIMTusedHIMT
for diesel
HIMT HIMTfuelHIMT
and heating
HIMT HIMT oil;HIMT
starting
HIMT material forHIMT
HIMT HIMT making
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
other products
– liquid
– alkanes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT containing
HIMT HIMT12 or more
HIMT carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT atoms
– boiling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT range
HIMT = HIMT
482 to 662HIMT
HIMT degrees Fahrenheit
HIMT HIMT / 250
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT 350 degrees
HIMT HIMTCelsius
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Lubricating
HIMT HIMToilHIMT- used
HIMT for motor
HIMT HIMToil,
HIMTgrease,
HIMT HIMTother lubricants
– liquid
– long
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchain
HIMT HIMT
(20 to HIMT
50 HIMT
carbonHIMT HIMT HIMT
atoms) HIMTcycloalkanes,
alkanes, HIMT HIMT HIMTaromatics
– boiling
range = HIMT
572 toHIMT
700HIMT HIMT HIMT
degrees HIMT HIMT
Fahrenheit HIMT
/ 300 to HIMT HIMT HIMT
370 degrees HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Celsius
• Heavy gas or Fuel oil - used for industrial fuel; starting material for making other products
– liquid

– long
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchain
HIMT HIMT(20 to 70 HIMT
HIMT carbon HIMT atoms) alkanes,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcycloalkanes,
HIMT HIMT HIMTaromatics
– boiling range = 700 to 1112 degrees
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Fahrenheit / 370
HIMTtoHIMT
600HIMT
degrees
HIMT Celsius
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Residuals
HIMT HIMT - coke, asphalt,
HIMT HIMT HIMTtar, waxes;
HIMT starting
HIMT HIMT HIMTmaterial
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
making HIMTother
HIMTproducts
– solid
– multiple-ringed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT compounds
HIMT HIMT with 70 HIMT
HIMT or moreHIMTcarbon atoms
–
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT/ HIMT
boiling range = greater than 1112 degrees Fahrenheit 600 degrees
HIMT HIMTCelsius
– CRACKING
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMToldest
HIMTand HIMTmostHIMT common
HIMT HIMTwayHIMT to separate
HIMT HIMTthings into various
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT components
HIMT HIMT HIMT(called
fractions)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT UsingHIMTdifference
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
boiling
HIMTtemperature.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ThisHIMT HIMT is
process HIMT HIMTfractional
called HIMT HIMT distillation.
• HIMT
Basically crude HIMToil HIMT HIMT HIMT
is heated up, letHIMT HIMT HIMT
it vaporize andHIMT
thenHIMT HIMT HIMT
condense theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapor
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT NewerHIMTtechniques
use Chemical HIMT HIMT
processing onHIMT
some HIMT HIMTfractions
of the HIMT HIMTto HIMT
makeHIMT HIMTinHIMT
others, a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT called
process HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
conversion.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemical HIMT HIMTfor
processing, HIMT HIMT HIMT
example, canHIMT
breakHIMT HIMTchains
longer HIMT HIMTintoHIMT HIMTones.
shorter HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• This allows a refinery to turn diesel fuel into gasoline depending on the demandHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
gasoline.
• Refineries must treat the fractions to remove impurities HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Refineries combine the various fractions (processed, unprocessed) into mixtures to make HIMT HIMT HIMT
desired products.
• For example, different mixtures of chains can create gasolines with different
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT carried HIMT HIMT in HIMT
oil tankers
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CrudeHIMToilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
Aviation gasolineHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Jet HIMT
fuel (AHIMT
T F) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Kerosene
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MotorHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
spirit
• High speed HIMTdiesel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Marine diesel HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
FuelHIMT HIMT HIMT
or furnace oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Lubricating oilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• White oils
• Tar and carbon black
2.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Properties
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of crudeHIMT HIMTand chemicals:
• Surface tension: The measure of attraction between the surface molecules of a liquid. The
higher
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe oil'sHIMT
HIMT surface
HIMT tension,
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTmore
HIMTlikely
HIMTa HIMT
spill HIMT
will remain in place.
HIMT HIMT If the
HIMT HIMT surface
tension
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT oil isHIMT
low, HIMT
the oil willHIMT
HIMT spread
HIMTeven
HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMThelp from
HIMT wind
HIMT and
HIMT HIMTwater
HIMT currents.
Because HIMT HIMT
increased HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperatures HIMT HIMT
can reduce HIMT HIMT
a liquid's HIMT tension,
surface HIMT HIMT oilHIMT HIMTlikely
is more HIMT HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
spread in warmer waters than in very cold waters. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Specific gravity: The density of a substance compared to the density of water. Since most
oils HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are lighter
HIMT HIMT thanHIMT water,
HIMTthey
HIMTlieHIMT
flat on topHIMT
HIMT of it.HIMT
However,
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
specific
HIMTgravity
HIMT HIMTof an oil HIMT
HIMT spill HIMT HIMT HIMT
can increase if the lighter substances within the oil evaporate
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Demulsibility:
HIMT HIMT HIMT Demulsibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT is a HIMT
measureHIMT of a lube
HIMT HIMToil‘s
HIMTability
HIMT to separate
HIMT HIMT HIMT from water,
HIMT HIMTan HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
important HIMT HIMT HIMT
consideration in theHIMT HIMT HIMT
lubricant HIMT HIMT of
maintenance HIMT
manyHIMT HIMT HIMTsystems.
circulating HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
Pour HIMT HIMT The
Point: HIMTlowest
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTat
which a HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum HIMT
oil will HIMT HIMT
remain fluid.HIMT
It is HIMT
significant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT factor
HIMT inHIMT
cold-weather
HIMT HIMTstart-up,
HIMT HIMT but must
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
considered
HIMT HIMT along
HIMTwith
HIMTpumpability,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT
ease with which an oil pumps at low temperatures.
o o
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT API:
HIMTAPIHIMT = HIMT
(141.5/SG
HIMT HIMT ) – 131.5.
15oFHIMT HIMT HIMTTheHIMT
purpose
HIMT of thisHIMT
HIMT equation wasHIMT
HIMT HIMT to extend the range
of the specific gravity scale. Crude oil SG changes, although small, may be important. Crude

o o o
OilsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT APIHIMT – 50.
= 10HIMT Higher
HIMT API, more
HIMT HIMT paraffinic
HIMT HIMT crude,
HIMT HIMT HIMT higher
HIMTyields of gasoline.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLower HIMT HIMT API,HIMT HIMT HIMT
more aromatic crude, lower yields of gasoline.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT o
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Viscosity:
HIMT HIMT Resistance
HIMT HIMT HIMT to flow,
HIMT usually measured
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT@ 50°C or @HIMT
HIMT HIMT 100HIMT
F in HIMT
centistokes
(kinematic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT viscosity)
HIMT HIMT Viscosity
HIMT HIMT is a veryHIMT
HIMT important
HIMT HIMTproperty
HIMT HIMTof oils because
HIMT HIMT HIMTit affects
HIMT HIMT the rate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
at which HIMT
spilled oil HIMT HIMT HIMT
will spread, theHIMT
degreeHIMTtoHIMTwhichHIMT HIMT
it will HIMT HIMTshoreline
penetrate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
substrates, and HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT of
selection HIMT HIMT HIMTspill
mechanical HIMTcountermeasures
equipment.
• Flash Point: The flash point of a fuel is the temperature to which the fuel must be heated to
produce
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a vapour/air
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT mixture
HIMT HIMTabove HIMTtheHIMT
liquid fuelHIMT
HIMT thatHIMT
is ignitable
HIMT HIMT when
HIMTexposed
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
an openHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flame
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunder
HIMTspecified
HIMT HIMTtest HIMT conditions.
HIMT HIMT HIMT FlashHIMTpoint is an
HIMT HIMTextremely
HIMT HIMT important
HIMT HIMT factor
HIMTinHIMT relation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to the HIMTof
safety HIMTspillHIMT HIMT HIMT
cleanup HIMT HIMT
operations. HIMT HIMT
Gasoline andHIMTotherHIMTlightHIMT HIMT
fuels canHIMT HIMT HIMT
be ignited HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
under
most HIMT HIMT HIMT
ambient HIMT HIMT
conditions andHIMT HIMT HIMT
therefore poseHIMT HIMT HIMT
a serious hazardHIMTwhenHIMT spilled.
HIMT HIMT HIMTfreshly
Many HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
spilled crude oils also have low flash points until the lighter components have evaporated or
dispersed.
If the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT flash
HIMT point
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
above 60°C,
HIMT HIMT the liquid
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
known HIMTasHIMT
volatile
HIMT liquid
HIMTand
HIMTif HIMT
the flash
HIMT point is HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
lessHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT thanHIMT60°C,HIMT it isHIMT
known
HIMTas nonHIMT
HIMT volatile
HIMTliquid.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT VaporHIMT Pressure:
HIMT HIMT HIMT . AlsoHIMTknow
HIMT asHIMT
ReidHIMTvapor HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT (RVP).
HIMT HIMTTrueHIMT
vapor pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT is usually
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5-9% > RVP. The volatility (i.e. the tendency of a crude oil or petroleum product
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to produce
gas)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
characterised by the HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMT
pressure. HIMTpressure
It is the HIMT HIMT HIMT
that HIMT HIMT
a vapour HIMTon
exerts HIMTits HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
surroundings. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure exertedHIMTby HIMT
thisHIMT
gas HIMT
above HIMTtheHIMT
liquidHIMT HIMT
level HIMT
in the HIMT
tank is HIMT
called HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure.
vapour HIMT HIMT The HIMTvapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure of aHIMT
pureHIMT HIMT HIMT
compound HIMT HIMT
depends onlyHIMT
upon HIMT
its HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT Residue:
Carbon HIMT HIMT HIMT The HIMT
solidHIMT HIMT(%wt)
residue HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
remaining afterHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
heating HIMTtemperatures
coking HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(700-800 C)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Flammability
HIMT HIMT HIMT : isHIMT the process
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
burning,
HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT gases
HIMTreact with the
HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMT in the
HIMTairHIMT HIMT HIMT
to produce
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT carbon
HIMT HIMT dioxide
HIMT and
HIMTwater.
HIMTTheHIMTreaction
HIMT HIMT gives
HIMTenough
HIMT HIMT heat to form
HIMT HIMT aHIMT
flame HIMT which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
travels
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTmixture
HIMT HIMT of hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas andHIMT
HIMT air. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlimits:
HIMT HIMT A mixture
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMTgas HIMTandHIMTair HIMT
cannot HIMTbeHIMT
ignited
HIMT and
HIMT burnHIMT unless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
its HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT composition
HIMT HIMT lies within
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
range of gas
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
air concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT known HIMT HIMTas HIMT
the Flammable
Range.
TheHIMT
lower HIMT
limitHIMT HIMT
of this HIMT HIMT
range, known HIMT the Lower
asHIMT HIMT HIMT Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT Limit (LFL),
HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT thatHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration
hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT HIMTbelow HIMT HIMT
which HIMT
thereHIMTis HIMT HIMT HIMT
insufficient HIMT HIMT gas
hydrocarbon HIMTtoHIMT
supportHIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
propagate combustion. The upper limit of the range, known as the Upper Flammable
Limit
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(UFLHIMT ),
HIMTis that
HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT aboveHIMT which
HIMTthere is insufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTair HIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
support
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTpropagate
HIMT HIMT combustion.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT FireHIMT
point: HIMTFire
HIMT point
HIMTisHIMT
the lowest
HIMT HIMT temperature,
HIMT HIMT HIMT corrected
HIMT HIMTto one atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(101.3 HIMTat
kPa), HIMTwhich HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMTofHIMT
application a testHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
flame HIMT
the oil HIMT HIMT
sample HIMTcauses
surface HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour the HIMT
oil toHIMT HIMT
ignite andHIMTburnHIMT
for atHIMT
leastHIMT
fiveHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
seconds
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
Auto HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ignition HIMT HIMT HIMT
Temperature: HIMT HIMT
Sometimes HIMT "auto
called HIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature", HIMT
this is theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
minimum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMTatHIMT which
HIMT the material
HIMT HIMT HIMTwill ignite without
HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT
sparkHIMT
or flame beingHIMT
HIMT HIMT present
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Toxicity:
HIMT HIMT TheHIMTdegree HIMTto which
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
substance
HIMT HIMTor mixture
HIMT HIMT of substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT canHIMT
harmHIMThumans or HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
animals.
‗Acute
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toxicity‘
HIMT HIMTinvolves harmful
HIMT HIMT HIMT effects to anHIMT
HIMT HIMT organism
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT a single
HIMT HIMT short
HIMTterm
HIMTexposure.
‗Chronic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toxicity‘
the ability
HIMT HIMTof a HIMT
substance
HIMT HIMTor mixture
HIMT HIMT of substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT to cause harmful
effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure, sometimes
lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism.

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Boiling
HIMT point:
HIMT HIMTIt isHIMT
theHIMT
temperature
HIMT HIMTatHIMT which a liquid
HIMT exhibits
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
vapour
HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMTequal to theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
atmospheric
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbarometric
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DewHIMTpoint:HIMTThe
HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT at which
HIMT HIMTthe liquefaction
HIMT HIMT HIMT of aHIMT
vapour
HIMTbegins.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
termHIMT
is usually
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
applied to condensation of moisture from the vapour from the atmosphere.
• HIMT
Hygroscopic: A HIMT HIMT HIMT
hygroscopic HIMT HIMT is
compound HIMT
one,HIMT HIMTabsorbs
which HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
moisture HIMTexposed
when HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
air, HIMT
but doesHIMTnot
HIMT HIMT HIMT
become HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
wet.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
OdourHIMT:HIMT HIMT HIMTsmell
An unusual HIMT isHIMTanHIMT HIMT HIMT
indication HIMT HIMT
of cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
contamination andHIMT HIMTbe
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reported
when HIMT
it isHIMT HIMT HIMT
noticed uponHIMT HIMTFor
loading. HIMTnormally
HIMT HIMT HIMT free
odour HIMTproducts
HIMT HIMTsuch
HIMTas HIMT HIMT odour
glycol, HIMT HIMT mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
be a serious contamination in itself. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Oxidation: The combining of a substance with oxygen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• pH: The experimental determination of pH offers valuable information as to the immediate
acidity. The pH value of a neutral solution, such as pure water is 7. Acidic solution have a pH
lower than 7 and alkaline solution higher than 7 (max 14). ―p‖ stands for the power in the
mathematical sense of the hydrogen ion. Vegetable and animal oils require the determination
of pH
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT value,
HIMT HIMTwhich indicates
HIMT HIMT the free
HIMT HIMT HIMTfatty
HIMT acid
HIMTcontent.
HIMT HIMTThis in turn
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
the HIMT
measure HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT oil orHIMT HIMT HIMT
the degradation of the oil during transport
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Polymerization:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT combining
HIMT HIMT of HIMT the molecules
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMTa HIMT
substance
HIMT HIMT producing
HIMT HIMTaHIMT newHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
compound, consisting of repeated structural units. Polymerization is an undesired process
the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT storage HIMTand
HIMTtransport
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
chemicals.
HIMT HIMT It isHIMT
accelerated
HIMT HIMTby theHIMT
HIMT presence
HIMT HIMT of heat, light HIMT
HIMT HIMT someHIMT HIMT HIMT
acids
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT sometimes
HIMT HIMT rust
HIMTor HIMT
otherHIMT
compounds.
3 3
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PPM: HIMTParts per million,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT i.e.HIMT
as a vapour
HIMT concentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cm HIMT gas
HIMTorHIMTvapour per m
HIMT HIMT HIMT airHIMT
or aHIMT HIMT HIMT
0
straight forward liquid concentration at 760mm barometric pressure and +25
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT C.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Melting
HIMT point:
HIMT HIMTThe temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT at which
HIMT HIMTthe forces
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMTuniteHIMT
the HIMT
crystals
HIMTofHIMT
a solid
HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
overcome,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT resulting
HIMT HIMT in changing
HIMT HIMTthe HIMT solid
HIMTfromHIMTitsHIMT
crystalline
HIMT HIMT state to HIMT
HIMT its amorphous
HIMT HIMT HIMTstateHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT Density
Vapour HIMT HIMT : HIMT
VapourHIMTdensity
HIMT HIMT HIMT
or the HIMT HIMT
relative HIMTof
density HIMT HIMT is
vapour HIMTtheHIMT
ratioHIMT
of aHIMT
volume HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapours HIMT HIMT
gas (with no airHIMT HIMT HIMT
present) to the HIMT
mass HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
an equal volumeHIMTofHIMT
air atHIMT
theHIMT
same HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
andHIMT HIMT HIMT Vapour
temperature. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
density belowHIMT orHIMT
above HIMT
1 HIMT HIMT HIMT
indicates HIMTthe
whether HIMTvapour
HIMT HIMTor gasHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
lighter or heavier than air.
• Diffusion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT: TheHIMTgradual
HIMT HIMT mixing of theHIMT
HIMT HIMT molecules
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
two HIMT
or more
HIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT/ gasHIMT
as HIMT
a result
random thermal motion. Also as a result of movement from higher
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration to lowerHIMT HIMT HIMT
concentration. Also gases mix freely with one another irrespective of their molecular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT masses.
ThisHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is called HIMT. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
diffusion
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Reactivity : HIMT HIMT HIMT
Reaction is anyHIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTchange,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
regardless HIMTamount
of rate, HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
byproduct
formed whether it occurs naturally (as in plant and animal metabolism) or is purposelyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in
induced HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a laboratory or in HIMT
largeHIMT
scaleHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
production

3.0
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT culture
HIMT HIMTand safety
HIMT HIMT management
PROFICIENCY IN TANKER SAFETY CULTURE AND
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIMPLEMENTATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OFHIMT SAFETY-MANAGEMENT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSYSTEM HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Shipping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is a defensive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT industry
HIMT HIMTwhere ―loss
HIMT HIMT prevention‖
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis the
HIMTprimary
HIMT HIMTobjective.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAnyHIMT HIMT HIMT
amount of regulatory changes and engineering safeties cannot ensure safety unless
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvessel and
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT HIMTcompany
HIMT HIMT operates
HIMT HIMT HIMT underHIMTaHIMTsafety culture
HIMT HIMT―safety
HIMT HIMT first‖
practiced in spirit and not only in letters.
Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT systems
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSafety Management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System (SMS)
HIMT HIMT HIMTenables
HIMT HIMTeffective
HIMT HIMTimplementation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof the
HIMTcompany‘s
Health, HIMT and
Safety HIMT Environmental
protection HIMT HIMT
policy. TheHIMT
SMS HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is subjected HIMT HIMT
to regular HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
audit
HIMT HIMT HIMT
verify its suitability to deliver the expectations of the ISM Code, to confirm that it is effective,HIMT HIMT HIMT
and that stated procedures are being followed.
Although
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
range ofHIMT
HIMT safety
HIMT management
HIMT HIMT HIMT topics is specified
the HIMT
Code, the
HIMT content
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT formHIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
SMS is HIMT
HIMT developed
HIMT HIMTby theHIMT
HIMT company.
HIMT HIMTThe HIMT SMS must
HIMT HIMT HIMTdemonstrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMTacceptable
levels
HIMT HIMT HIMT of safety
HIMT HIMT management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are in HIMT
HIMT placeHIMTto HIMT
protect
HIMT the
HIMTship, personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTtheHIMTmarine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
environment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ToHIMT HIMT HIMT
deliver theHIMT HIMT HIMT
required HIMT HIMT
levels HIMT HIMT
of safety, HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
SMS will HIMT
needHIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMT
address all HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
activities
undertaken in the operation of the vessel, together with possible situations that may arise
and affect the vessel or its operation.
These
HIMT HIMT HIMT activities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT situations will HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT involve
HIMT varying
HIMT HIMTdegrees of hazard
theHIMTship,
HIMTitsHIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel
HIMT the
HIMTenvironment.
HIMT HIMT HIMTCareful
HIMT HIMT assessment
these hazards,
HIMT HIMT HIMTand theHIMT
HIMT probability
their
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToccurrence,
HIMT HIMT HIMT willHIMT
determine
HIMT HIMTthe severity
HIMTrisks
HIMT involved.
HIMT HIMT HIMTRiskHIMT
management
HIMT HIMT HIMT tools areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTapplied
then HIMT HIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMTsafe
accomplish HIMTcompletion
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the work, HIMT HIMT
to ensure HIMT HIMT HIMT
compliance withHIMT
the HIMT
SMSHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMTtoHIMT HIMT for
provide HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
objective HIMT HIMTneeded
evidence HIMT HIMT forHIMT HIMT HIMT such
verification, HIMT HIMT
as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-to-day HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT whenHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT relevant to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompliance.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutcome
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
an effective
HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMTManagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT System is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT Safe System
HIMT of Work.
What
HIMT HIMT HIMT is a HIMT
HIMT HIMT SafetyHIMTCulture?
HIMT HIMT HIMT
It HIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
important HIMTeveryone
the HIMT HIMT HIMT ashore
company, HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
afloat, HIMT HIMT
to have anHIMT HIMT HIMT
understanding and appreciation of the concept of safety culture. For a safety culture
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT be HIMT
trulyHIMT
effective,
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT company
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMTencourage
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTmotivate its HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT personnel
make
HIMT HIMT HIMT safety
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTenvironmental
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT awareness
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheirHIMT
highest
HIMT HIMTpriorities.
While the ISM Code states that one of its key objectives is to establish a „safety
culture‟
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
shipping
HIMT HIMT companies,
HIMT HIMT HIMT it does notHIMT
HIMT HIMT actually define
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT meaning
HIMT HIMTof the
HIMTterm.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
However,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa safety
HIMT HIMT culture
HIMT HIMT may
HIMT beHIMT described
HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMTtheHIMTvalues
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTpractices
HIMT HIMT HIMT thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
management and personnel share to ensure that risks are always minimised andHIMT HIMT HIMT
mitigated to the greatest degree possible. In other words, with an effective safety
culture,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety andHIMT
HIMT HIMT pollution
HIMT HIMTprevention
HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMTalways the highest
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpriority.
HIMT HIMTTheHIMTcompany
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTits staff
HIMT will
HIMT always,
HIMT HIMT HIMTand automatically,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT thinkHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

about
HIMT HIMT implications for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT safetyHIMTofHIMTevery
HIMTaction,
HIMT HIMTrather
HIMT HIMTthan simply
HIMT following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT because
HIMT HIMT they have
HIMT HIMT HIMT been imposed
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMT HIMToutside.
HIMT HIMTIn anHIMT
HIMT effective
HIMT HIMT safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
culture, HIMT HIMT HIMT
everyone HIMT HIMT
employed byHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMTwhether
company, HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMTMaster
manager, HIMT HIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a junior
rating, truly believes in and understands the purpose of established procedures, and
will
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthink
HIMTabout
HIMT HIMTsafety, andHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
means HIMTof improving
HIMT it, asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a matter of HIMT
HIMT HIMT courseHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Implementing the vessel safety management system
THE INTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ISM) CODE
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers, as HIMT
HIMT HIMT defined
HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT SOLAS andHIMT
HIMT HIMT MARPOL
HIMT HIMTConventions,
500HIMT
grossHIMTtonnes andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
over, HIMTrequired
comply with HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSafety
the International HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Management HIMTCode.
(ISM) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Vessels toHIMT
whichHIMTthe
HIMTCode
HIMT HIMT
does HIMTnotHIMT HIMT HIMT
apply, are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
encouraged HIMT HIMTaHIMT
to develop HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
management
system that provides an equivalent standard of safe operations.
Under
HIMT HIMT ISMHIMTCode,
HIMTsafety management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT processes
HIMT HIMT are
HIMTbased onHIMT
HIMT HIMT risk HIMT
assessments
risk
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanagement techniques.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThis is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT significantly
HIMT HIMT HIMT different
HIMT HIMT approach
HIMT HIMT toHIMTtheHIMTstrictly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
compliance-based
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequirements
HIMT HIMT HIMTpreviously
HIMT HIMT HIMTobserved.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpurpose
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTISM
of the HIMT HIMT
CodeHIMT is HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
provide HIMT HIMT HIMT standard
an international HIMT HIMT HIMT
for HIMT
the HIMT
safeHIMT HIMT HIMT
management HIMT HIMT HIMTof
operation HIMT HIMTand
ships HIMTfor
HIMT HIMT HIMT
pollution HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevention.
The Code requires that ship operators should:
ship,
HIMT HIMT HIMT including
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpreparing
HIMT HIMTforHIMTemergencies
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrelated
HIMT to
HIMTboth safety
HIMT HIMT HIMTand environmental
protection.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT requires
Code HIMT HIMTtheHIMT‗Company‘
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa HIMT
to develop HIMT
Safety HIMT HIMT HIMTSystem
Management HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(SMS) whichHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should include certain functional requirements, particularly ―instructions and procedures to
ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafe operation
ships and
HIMT protection
HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT environment‖.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ISM Code
HIMT and associated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT industry
HIMT HIMT guidelines
HIMT HIMTareHIMTnot prescriptive
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT regard
HIMTto how
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship HIMT
is managed.
HIMT HIMT It is left
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
the HIMT
company to develop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTSMS
HIMTelements
HIMT HIMT suitable
HIMT HIMTto theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
operation HIMT HIMT HIMT
a specific HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ship.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT HIMT HIMTtheir
developing HIMTSMS,
companies HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
encouraged HIMT HIMT
to take into HIMT HIMTapplicable
account HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
industry publications and guidelines.
Guidelines to the ISM Code identify that cargo loading and discharge operations,
including
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthose related
HIMT HIMT HIMTto dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMTgoods, should
HIMT HIMT be included
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin the HIMT
HIMT HIMT scope of HIMT
HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT documentation.
SAFETY
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMANAGEMENT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSYSTEMS
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Safety Management
HIMT HIMT System
HIMT HIMT HIMT (SMS)
HIMT HIMT HIMTenables
HIMT HIMTeffective
HIMT HIMTimplementation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of the
HIMTcompany‘s
Health,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSafety
HIMT and
HIMT Environmental
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT protection
HIMT HIMT policy. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT SMS HIMTis subjected to regular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT audit
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT its
verify HIMT HIMT HIMTto
suitability HIMT HIMT HIMT
deliver HIMT HIMT HIMTof
the expectations HIMT
theHIMT
ISMHIMT HIMTto
Code, HIMT HIMT HIMT
confirm thatHIMT
it isHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
effective,
and that stated procedures are being followed. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Although a range of safety management topics is specified in the Code, the content and form
ofHIMT
SMS HIMTis HIMT
developed
HIMT HIMTby theHIMT
HIMT company.
HIMT HIMTTheHIMT SMS must
HIMT HIMT HIMT demonstrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMTacceptable
levels
HIMT HIMT HIMT of safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT are in HIMT
HIMT place to HIMT
HIMT protect
HIMT the
HIMTship, personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTthe marine
environment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ToHIMT HIMT HIMT
deliver theHIMT HIMT HIMT
required HIMT HIMT
levels HIMT HIMT
of safety, HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
SMS will HIMT
needHIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
address all HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
activities
HIMT HIMT HIMT
undertaken in the operation of the vessel, together with possible situations that may HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ariseHIMT HIMT HIMT
and affect the vessel or its operation.
These activities and situations will involve varying degrees of hazard to the ship, its
personnel and the environment. Careful assessment of these hazards, and the probability

ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT theirHIMT
occurrence,
HIMT HIMT HIMTwill determine
severity of the
HIMT HIMT risks
HIMT HIMTinvolved.
HIMT HIMTRisk management
HIMT HIMT toolsHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
are then applied to accomplish safe completion of the work, to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompliance with theHIMT HIMT HIMT
SMS
HIMTto provide
HIMT for the
HIMT HIMT HIMTobjective
HIMT HIMTevidence
HIMT HIMT needed
HIMT HIMTfor HIMTverification,
HIMT HIMT HIMTsuchHIMT
as:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Documented HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instructions.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Documentation of the verificationHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT out
carried HIMTby HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Responsible HIMT HIMT
Person HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of day-to-day
operation, when relevant to ensure compliance.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutcome
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
an effective
HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT Management
HIMT HIMT HIMT System
HIMT HIMTis aHIMT
Safe
HIMTSystem
HIMT HIMTof Work.
Effective onboard safety management culture
RISK HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ASSESSMENT
A risk assessment is HIMT
intendedHIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
to be HIMT HIMT
careful HIMT HIMT HIMT
examination HIMT HIMT
of what, in HIMT
the HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
range
operations, could cause harm so that decisions can be made as to whether enough
precautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave
HIMT been
HIMT taken,
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
whether
HIMT more should
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMT done
HIMT to
HIMTprevent
HIMT HIMT harm.
HIMTThe
HIMTaim
to minimise accidents and ill health on board ship.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTassessment
HIMT HIMT HIMT should first HIMT
HIMT HIMT establish the HIMT
HIMT HIMT hazards that HIMT
HIMT HIMT are present
HIMT HIMTatHIMTtheHIMT
place of HIMT
HIMT workHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTidentify
then HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
significant risksHIMT HIMT HIMT
arising out ofHIMTtheHIMT HIMTactivity.
work HIMT HIMT HIMTassessment
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should
include HIMT HIMT HIMT
consideration of HIMT HIMT HIMTprecautions
the existing HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMT HIMTthe
control HIMT HIMT
risk, HIMTas
such HIMT HIMT HIMT
permits HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to work,
restricted access, use of warning signs, agreed procedures and personal protective
equipment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTheHIMT types of question
HIMT HIMT that HIMT
HIMTbe HIMTanswered
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhenHIMTcarrying
HIMT HIMTout
HIMTaHIMT
riskHIMT HIMT HIMT
assessment are as follows: -.
What
HIMT HIMT HIMT can HIMT
HIMT HIMT go wrong?
HIMT HIMT HIMT
An identificationHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThazards
of the HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT
accident HIMT HIMT HIMT
scenarios, HIMT HIMT
together with HIMT HIMT HIMT
potential causesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and outcomes.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
How
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbad
HIMTand
HIMThow likely?
An evaluation of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT risk HIMT
factors.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmatters
Can HIMT HIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
improved?
An identification of risk control HIMT HIMT
options, suchHIMT
asHIMT HIMT HIMT
measures to HIMT HIMTand
control HIMT HIMT HIMT
reduce theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
identified risks.
What
HIMT HIMT HIMT is the
HIMT HIMT effort
HIMT HIMTandHIMThow much
HIMT HIMT HIMTbetter would
HIMT HIMT HIMTit HIMT
be? HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
A determination of the benefit and effectiveness
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof each risk HIMT
control
HIMT option.
What HIMT
action HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT
taken? HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
An identification of the appropriateHIMT
course HIMT HIMT
of action HIMT HIMT
to deliver HIMTactivity,
a safe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
based HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
on the
hazards, their associated risks and the effectiveness of alternative risk control options.
PERMIT TOHIMTWORK HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SYSTEMS
GENERAL
While
HIMT HIMT HIMT companies
HIMTdevelop
HIMT HIMT their
HIMTown
HIMTprocedures
managing
HIMT HIMT allHIMT
aspects of operations
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtasks undertaken,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanyHIMT HIMToperators
HIMT HIMTchoose to incorporate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT
Permit
HIMT toHIMT
WorkHIMTsystem intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSMS
their HIMT to
HIMT HIMT HIMT
manage theHIMT HIMT HIMTtasks
hazardous HIMT HIMT
that HIMT
needHIMT HIMT
to be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
undertaken.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
A HIMT HIMTto
Permit HIMT
WorkHIMTsystem
HIMT HIMT is HIMT HIMT HIMT
a formal HIMTsystem
written HIMT HIMT HIMT
that is HIMT
usedHIMT HIMT HIMT
to control HIMT HIMT
certain HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
types
work. It delivers a risk-based approach to safety management and requires personnel to
undertake and record risk assessments in the development of a safe system of work.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPermit to HIMT
HIMT HIMT WorkHIMT system
HIMT HIMTmust HIMTensure thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT protective
HIMT HIMTand HIMTprecautionary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasures areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
taken
HIMT HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
HIMT reduce
HIMT the
HIMTrisks
HIMT associated
HIMT HIMT HIMT with a task
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTa level that HIMT
HIMT HIMT is considered to be

AsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Low AsHIMT
HIMT Reasonably Practicable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT - ALARP.
Guidance for establishing a Permit
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto Work system
HIMT is contained
HIMT HIMT in a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT number
HIMT of publications
issued
HIMT HIMT HIMT by industry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorganisations
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTnational
HIMT HIMTsafety bodies.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
Permit HIMT HIMT
to Work HIMT HIMT
system may HIMT HIMTone
include HIMTorHIMT HIMTof
more HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
following HIMT HIMT HIMT
documents HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to control
hazardous activities: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasures
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to be HIMT HIMT in
employed HIMT HIMT HIMT
carrying HIMT
out a HIMT HIMT HIMT
particular taskHIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
determined by aHIMT
riskHIMT HIMT HIMT
assessment and recorded in the Permit to Work System.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTO
PERMIT HIMTWORK
SYSTEM HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- STRUCTURE
The structure of the system and the processes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
employed areHIMT
veryHIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
important HIMT HIMT
ensuring thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
the system delivers the necessary level of safety and operational integrity.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT Permit
HIMT to Work
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMTdefine: -
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cedures.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTwillHIMT
determine
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT controls needed
HIMT HIMT to manage
HIMTrisk
HIMTassociated
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT each
HIMT HIMTtask
HIMT and
HIMT determine theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT appropriate
HIMT HIMTmanagement
HIMT HIMT HIMTtool
HIMTneeded toHIMT
HIMT HIMT manage the task,
The system should not require all tasks to be undertaken under the control of a formalHIMT HIMT HIMT
permit. HIMT HIMTitHIMT
However, HIMT HIMT HIMT
is important thatHIMT
theHIMT
workHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instruction, HIMT HIMTor
procedure HIMT HIMT HIMT
permit HIMT
used forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
managing a task, is appropriate to the work being carried out and the process is effective inHIMT HIMT HIMT
identifying and managing the risks.
PERMIT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTOHIMTWORK
HIMT HIMT SYSTEMS
HIMT HIMT HIMT – PRINCIPLES
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOFHIMT
OPERATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT
A HIMT HIMT
Permit toHIMT
WorkHIMT HIMT HIMT
system HIMTcontain
should HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
following HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
steps:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT–HIMT stateHIMT
theHIMT
precautions
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTpersonal
equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT needed.
duce HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a procedure HIMT HIMT
or initiate HIMT HIMT
a Permit HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to Work.
-work briefing.
cords for audit purposes.

PERMIT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTOHIMTWORK
HIMT HIMT FORMS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
Permit HIMT HIMT
to Work formHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is designed HIMTthe
to lead HIMT HIMT HIMT
operator HIMT HIMT
through anHIMT HIMT HIMTprocess
appropriate HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
a logical, detailed and responsible manner. The permit is produced as a joint effort HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
between those authorising the work and those performing the work. The permit should
ensure
HIMT HIMT all safety
HIMT HIMTconcerns
HIMT HIMT are fully
HIMT addressed.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT following
HIMT HIMT HIMTlist provides
HIMT guidance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon items
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTmay
HIMTbe included
HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMT
a Permit to Work
HIMT HIMT form.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT format
HIMT used
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
HIMT be determined
the HIMT
SMS: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdetails
- e.g. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of isolations, gasHIMT
testHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
results.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT
workHIMT HIMT HIMT
including HIMT HIMT
duration, HIMT HIMT HIMT
endorsement byHIMT HIMT HIMT
the master orHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
department head.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
ongoing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
implementation of theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requirements of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the permit, HIMT
and theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
identification of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
any HIMT HIMT from
deviations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the specified HIMT or
controls HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions,
expected HIMT HIMT HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMT
essential HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in safely
completing the task. The system should also identify any conflicts between tasks being
carried
HIMT HIMT HIMT outHIMT
HIMT HIMT simultaneously
HIMT HIMT HIMT onboard.
OPERATIONS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMEETINGS
Work planning meetings HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
should HIMT HIMT
held HIMT HIMT
onboard to HIMT
ensureHIMTthat
HIMToperations
HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintenance tasks are correctly planned and managed with the aim of completing all
tasks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT safely andHIMT
HIMT HIMT efficiently.
HIMT HIMTThese meetings
HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMT include
HIMT discussion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT -box‘ talksHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
correct
HIMT procedures.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
The format and frequency of such meetings should meet theHIMT
requirements HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of the
company‘s SMS and will be determined by the ship‘s activities.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT some instances,
HIMT HIMT HIMT it may
HIMT be HIMT
HIMT appropriate
HIMT HIMTto have
HIMT two
HIMT levels
HIMT HIMTof meetings,
HIMT HIMT HIMTone
HIMTon a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
management
TOOLBOX
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTALKS
Toolbox meetings HIMTare
HIMTaHIMT
wayHIMT for HIMT HIMT HIMTto
information HIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided HIMT HIMT and
to workers, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
for workers
have their say about hazards/controls, incidents/accidents, work processes and company
procedures.
STRUCTURE
HIMT HIMT HIMT OF HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MEETINGS
Toolbox HIMT HIMTshould
meetings HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
run HIMT
on aHIMT HIMT HIMT
regular basisHIMT
for HIMT HIMT
every HIMT HIMTto
operation HIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT
conducted onHIMT HIMT HIMT
board HIMT HIMTand
Oil carriers HIMTrun
HIMTforHIMT HIMTminutes.
10-15 HIMT HIMTTheHIMTfrequency
of meetings HIMT HIMTon
will depend HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
size, nature and location of the sit. Some hazardous activities could require daily meetings
Safety meetings for works should be short and to the point.
Why
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT do
HIMTweHIMTrun Safety
HIMT Meetings?
 Infirm workers of company procedures
 Identify hazards and review control measures.

 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Worker group
HIMT HIMT HIMTparticipation
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor allHIMT
HIMT operations.
 HIMT
Communication,
 Discuss programmes
RECORD
HIMT HIMT HIMT MEETINGS
Details of meetings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe recorded
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT kept
HIMTonHIMTfile.
HIMTRecord meeting
HIMT HIMT dates
HIMT HIMT HIMT , attendees
and discussion items. Show follow-up items from previous hazards, accidents and incidents HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
REGULAR
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MANAGEMENT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MEETINGS:
Minutes
shipboard
HIMT HIMTManagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Meeting includes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT butHIMT
notHIMT
restricted
HIMT HIMT to:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 To discuss voyage performance including all cargo operations.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT To HIMT
implement
HIMT HIMTprocedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTstandards
all pending reports
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as HIMT
HIMT HIMT Non-HIMT HIMT HIMT
Conformance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTDeficiency
HIMT HIMT HIMTreports.
 To check onboard maintenance etc. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Ascertain
HIMT HIMTtraining
HIMT HIMT requirements
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Prepare a report
all issues
HIMT HIMTdiscussed in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT meeting.
SAFETY STAND-DOWNS;
Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT stand
HIMT HIMT HIMTdown meetings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT take time
HIMT HIMTout
HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT work
HIMTdayHIMTto address
HIMT HIMT HIMTimportant
HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
issues. The employees in attendance are paid for their time as if
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT they were working theirHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
normal
HIMT HIMT HIMT shifts.
HIMT HIMT Shutting
HIMT HIMT down
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTentire operation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMTfocus on safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT emphasizes
HIMT HIMT HIMT itsHIMT HIMT HIMT
importance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
the whole
HIMT HIMT vessel. Discussing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT these
HIMT HIMTmatters
HIMT HIMTas HIMT
a priority
HIMT HIMT also
HIMTgives yourHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
colleagues an HIMT HIMT HIMT
opportunity toHIMT
ask HIMT HIMT HIMT
question HIMT
about HIMT HIMT
material theyHIMT HIMT
may HIMT
not HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
understand.
PREPARATION
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuccess
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
anyHIMT
safety
HIMTmeeting
HIMT HIMTdepends
HIMT HIMTonHIMTthe
HIMTpreparation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Choose a topic
HIMT HIMT to use
HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the focus of the meeting. Tailor the topic to the current priorities. For example, you want toHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on
focus HIMT HIMTmaintenance
deck HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT
youHIMT
have HIMT
hadHIMT HIMT HIMT
a recent rashHIMTof HIMT HIMT fall
slip and HIMTinjuries
HIMT HIMT at HIMT
your HIMT
workHIMT HIMT HIMT
site. Create your own. You can find training materials on a variety of subjects in the COSWP.
Consider
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTbest
HIMTway
HIMTtoHIMT
present yourHIMT
HIMT HIMT information,
HIMT HIMT whether
HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
PowerPoint
HIMT HIMTslide showHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
or hands-on training in the actual work areas. Clear areas and set up your hazard scenarios
ahead
HIMT HIMT HIMT of time
HIMT HIMT HIMTso you
HIMT doHIMT
HIMT not waste valuable
HIMT HIMT meetings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT time.
NOTIFICATION HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Announce the date and time of the upcoming meeting asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT soonHIMTasHIMT HIMT HIMT
possible to HIMT
a lowHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
attendees time to clear their schedules. Specify whether attendance is mandatory or
optional.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIf HIMT
employees
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTonHIMT
watchHIMTfrequently, youHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMT have toHIMT
HIMT set up multiple
HIMT HIMT HIMT meetings
cover
HIMT HIMT HIMT everyone‘s
HIMT HIMT schedule.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GetHIMTconfirmation
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom as HIMT
HIMT HIMT many HIMTattendees
HIMT HIMT HIMTas HIMT
possible,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
especially.
HIMT HIMT HIMT OfferHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a brief
HIMTagenda
HIMT HIMTand a HIMT
HIMT roughHIMTidea
HIMTofHIMT
howHIMTlongHIMT
theHIMT
meeting will run.
USE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOF
HIMTREGULAR
HIMT HIMT HIMT DRILLS;
HIMT HIMT HIMTEmergency
response HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contingency HIMT
drills forHIMT
Oil HIMT
tankersHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
An emergency can occur at any time and in any situation. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaction
Effective HIMT HIMT is HIMT
onlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT if pre-planned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT practical
HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT haveHIMTbeen
HIMT HIMTdeveloped
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTareHIMT HIMT HIMT
frequently
HIMT HIMT HIMT exercised
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMTwayHIMTofHIMT
regular routine
HIMT HIMT Drills.
HIMT HIMT HIMTTheHIMTContingency
HIMT HIMT HIMTplan provides
guidelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
instructions
assist
HIMT in
HIMT making
HIMT HIMT anHIMT
efficient response
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMTemergency
situations onboard ships.

If HIMT
vessel
HIMTencounters
dangerous
HIMT HIMTsituation that HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT my HIMT
developed
HIMT HIMTandHIMTare
HIMTfrequently
exercised
HIMT HIMT HIMT by way
HIMT HIMT HIMT of regular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTroutine Drills.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The Contingency
HIMT HIMT plan
HIMT HIMT HIMT provides
HIMT HIMT HIMTguidelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMTinstructions
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTassist
HIMT HIMT
in HIMT HIMT an
making HIMTefficient
HIMT HIMTresponse
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsituations
to emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
onboard ships.
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is worth staring
HIMT HIMT HIMT that an abnormal
HIMT HIMT condition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTneed not necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT
cargo
HIMTrelated,
HIMT HIMTitHIMT HIMT HIMT
might
HIMT HIMT in the
HIMTengine room,
HIMT HIMT or involve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdeck machinery
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as HIMT
HIMT HIMT a mooring
HIMT HIMTwinch
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
failure for instance. Any condition that could compromise the vessel‘s ability to carryHIMT HIMT HIMT
out a smooth, incident free operation may be considered abnormal.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcrew mustHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
drilled
HIMTtoHIMT
take certain
HIMT actions
HIMT HIMT more
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
HIMT lessHIMT
automatically.
HIMT HIMT HIMTHowever,
nobody
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmust
HIMT act
HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTconsidering
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe superfluous
HIMT consequences.
These HIMT
pals HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT
usedHIMTactively
HIMT HIMT during
HIMT HIMTemergency
drills. TheHIMT HIMT HIMTof
objective HIMT
anHIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency plan is to make the best use of the resources available. This will be the
shipboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhilst theHIMT
HIMT HIMT ship is HIMT
HIMT at sea
HIMTbut
HIMTmay include
HIMT HIMT HIMT resources from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
when
HIMT HIMT shipHIMT
is inHIMT
harbor or passing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMTcoastal waters.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTplans
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
should HIMTdirected
HIMT HIMTatHIMT HIMT HIMTthe
achieving HIMTfollowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT
aims:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Rescue andHIMT
HIMT HIMT treatment
HIMT HIMTof causalities
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Safeguarding
HIMT HIMT HIMT others
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT damage
Minimizing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
to property HIMT the
HIMTenvironment
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Bringing theHIMT
HIMT HIMT incident under
HIMT HIMT HIMT control.
The plans and corresponding drills of the same should include advice on the
following:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT FireHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
Collision
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Grounding
 Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTspillage/leak
 Personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcausality
Most
HIMT HIMT HIMT of these
HIMT HIMT plans
HIMT HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTbeHIMTpracticed during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTdrills andHIMT
HIMT HIMT exercise.
HIMT HIMTMake
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sure you know what to do and how to use the safety equipment if in doubt ask anHIMT HIMT HIMT
officer.
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT anyHIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTsituation,
HIMT HIMT you MUST
HIMT HIMT HIMT CONTINUE using
HIMTDPA or HIMT
HIMT HIMT alternate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnumber
HIMT HIMTyou
HIMThave
HIMTalready
HIMT HIMTused when
HIMT HIMT HIMTadvising
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT emergency.
YOUR
HIMT HIMT HIMT SHIP
HIMT HIMT HIMT HAS CONTIGENCY
HIMT HIMT PLANS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT YOU
HIMT HIMT MUST
HIMT BEHIMT
HIMT HIMT FAMILIAR WITH
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTHEM
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AND THE EQUIPMENT YOU MAY HAVE TO USEHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
During
HIMT HIMT HIMT a serious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTincident
HIMT HIMTmany telephone
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcalls mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
made toHIMT
HIMT the HIMT
ship.HIMT
The Master
must
HIMT HIMT HIMT clearly
HIMT HIMT HIMTidentify
HIMT HIMTthe caller
HIMT before
HIMT HIMT HIMT passing any HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT information. Unauthorized
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcallers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must be referred to the company for information.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmedia
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
particular will HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT persist in trying
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT obtain as much
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinformation
HIMT HIMT HIMT
possible. Only the Master must speak to them. Information passed to the media mustHIMT HIMT HIMT
only be the minimum necessary and is to be factual. Information, which is found to
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT misleading, canHIMT
veryHIMT
damaging
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT management
HIMT incident.
HIMT Whenever
possible
HIMTMaster
HIMT HIMT must
HIMT refer anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT caller
HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT company
HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTinformation and
HIMT HIMT HIMT official
media release.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

HIMT HIMT HIMTIn theHIMT
HIMT event
HIMTof a serious
HIMT HIMT HIMTincident
HIMT HIMT many different
HIMT HIMT parties
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
HIMT HIMT require statements
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT master
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT crew.
HIMT HIMT It is important
HIMT that
HIMT HIMT HIMT statements
HIMT areHIMT
given
HIMTuntil
HIMTthe
HIMTCompany
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for
arranges HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
Lawyer HIMT HIMT HIMT
representing theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
Owners/Company be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
present.
WATCH-ROUNDS
Supervision
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT
HIMT HIMT aimed
HIMTat preventing
HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT development
HIMT HIMT HIMTof hazardous situations;
if, however, such a situation arises, the controlling personnel should have adequate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
means available to take corrective action.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrolling personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT maintain
HIMT HIMT anHIMT
HIMT HIMT effective
HIMT HIMTcommunication
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith theirHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
respective
HIMT HIMT HIMT watch
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTkeepers.
Rounds on HIMT
deckHIMTshould
HIMT HIMTeffectively
HIMT HIMT HIMTcover
HIMT HIMT
allHIMT HIMT HIMT safety
general HIMT HIMTaspects,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
Temperatures and Pressures of all containment and the manual turning of pumps
shafts
HIMT HIMT HIMT at regular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTintervals
HIMT HIMTto ensure
HIMT it has
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot frozen.

4.1
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHazards:
4.1.1 Health Hazards
Irritant/toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT effect
HIMTon skin,
HIMT HIMTmucous
HIMT HIMT membranes of eyes,
HIMT HIMT HIMT nose,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthroat
HIMT or
HIMTlungs
HIMTin vapour
HIMT stateHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Irritational effects in liquid state
Toxic effects HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- Ingestion HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- Skin contact
- Inhalation
Toxin
HIMT HIMT HIMT = Poison
A substance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which
HIMT can
HIMTcause bodily
HIMT HIMT HIMTharm / death
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen ingested,
HIMT HIMT inhaled
HIMT HIMT or after
HIMT HIMT HIMTskin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contact HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
A HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
physiological changeHIMToccurs
HIMT HIMT
whenHIMTthe
HIMT HIMTis
body HIMT HIMT HIMT
exposed HIMT
to a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toxin
• Hazards to health of:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT -skin contact
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMT and chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts
• -ingestion (swallowing) of petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
chemical products
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT -inhalation
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
petroleum
HIMT HIMTandHIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTproducts
HIMT HIMTvapours
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Skin HIMT HIMT HIMT
contact withHIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum HIMT
and HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT
products HIMTcause
may HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
irritation andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dermatitis and may lead to serious burns HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Ingestion of petroleum and chemical products into the stomach may cause acute
discomfort
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTnausea
•
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwill
Liquid ingested HIMTtend
HIMTtoHIMT
vaporize andHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
vapour
HIMTcould be inhaled
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT into
HIMTtheHIMT
lungs
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If the vapours
inhaled into HIMT
HIMT HIMT the lungs there
HIMT HIMT may
HIMT beHIMT
HIMT a serious
HIMT HIMTriskHIMT
of suffocation
• HIMT
Inhalation ofHIMT HIMT vapours
product HIMT HIMTmayHIMT produce
HIMT HIMTnarcosis,
the main HIMT HIMT
symptoms HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
being
headache, eye irritation and dizziness, with very high concentrations leading to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
paralysis, insensibility and possibly death
• Effects
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMTexposure
HIMT HIMTinvolving
HIMT HIMTdangerous petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts
HIMT HIMTandHIMT chemicals are given
in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ICS
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
other cargo
HIMT HIMTdata
HIMT sheets
HIMT HIMT HIMT
. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4.1.1 Oxygen deficiency
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT States
HIMTthat
HIMTtheHIMToxygen content
HIMT HIMT of air
HIMT HIMT is 21%
HIMT by volume
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Oxygen content
HIMT HIMT HIMT in enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces may
HIMT HIMT become
HIMT dangerously
HIMT HIMT low HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
Reasons for HIMT HIMTdeficiency
oxygen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in an HIMT HIMT
enclosed HIMT HIMT
space couldHIMT
be:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- an HIMT HIMTatmosphere
inert HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- displaced oxygen due to presence of cargo vapour
- combustion
- chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT reactions
- rusting
- drying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT paint
- microbial HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
activity
• In certain wind conditions vented gases may descend down, making the atmosphere
on open
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT deck
HIMT HIMT harmful
HIMT dueHIMT
HIMT HIMT to: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- presence of gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in harmful
HIMT HIMTconcentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMT deficiency
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If harmful
HIMT HIMTconditions
HIMT HIMTon deck
HIMT HIMTexist, all non-essential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwork on deck
HIMT HIMTcease and HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
only essential personnel should remain on deck, taking all appropriate precautions
• Symptoms of the effect of oxygen deficiency as asphyxia

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Reliance
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT not
HIMTbe HIMTplaced on symptoms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor indicating an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Persons
HIMT HIMThave varying
HIMT HIMT HIMTsusceptibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT to oxygen
HIMT HIMT deficiency
HIMT HIMTbutHIMTthat
HIMT allHIMT
willHIMT
suffer if the
oxygen HIMTdrops
content HIMT HIMT HIMT
below HIMTby
16% HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
volume
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Main HIMT HIMT HIMT
hazard HIMT HIMTwith
associated HIMTinert
HIMTgasHIMTisHIMT HIMToxygen
its low HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT content of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTatmosphere
enclosed spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT may be low
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTseveral reasons.
The most obvious one is if the space is in an inert condition, and the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oxygen has beenHIMT HIMT HIMT
displaced by the inert gas. Oxygen may also be removed from an atmosphere by
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical
reactions,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT such
HIMT HIMTas rusting
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
the hardening
HIMT HIMT HIMT of paints
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
coatings. As the
HIMT HIMT HIMTamount
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
available
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen decreases below the normal 21% by volume, breathing tends to become faster andHIMT HIMT HIMT
deeper. HIMT HIMT indicating
Symptoms HIMT HIMT HIMT thatHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
an atmosphere HIMT HIMT
deficient HIMT HIMT
in oxygen HIMT
may HIMT
give HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inadequate
notice of danger. Most persons would fail to recognize the danger until they were too weak
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT be able to escape
HIMT HIMT without
HIMT HIMT help.HIMT
HIMT HIMT ThisHIMT
is especially
HIMT HIMT HIMTso when escape
HIMT HIMT involves
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTexertion
climbing.
While HIMT HIMT
individuals HIMTinHIMT
vary HIMT HIMT HIMT
susceptibility, allHIMT
will HIMT
sufferHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
impairment HIMT
if the HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT
level HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
falls
HIMT HIMT HIMT
16% by volume Exposure to an atmosphere containing less than 10% oxygen content byHIMT HIMT HIMT
volume inevitably causes unconsciousness. The rapidity of onset of unconsciousness
increases as the availability of oxygen diminishes, and death will result unless the victim is
removed
theHIMT
open airHIMT
HIMT andHIMTresuscitated.
HIMT HIMT HIMT An HIMT
atmosphere
HIMT HIMT containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT less
HIMTthanHIMT5% oxygen
by volume causes immediate unconsciousness with no warning other than
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a gasp for air. IfHIMT HIMT HIMT
resuscitation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT
delayed for HIMT
HIMT HIMT moreHIMT thanHIMTa HIMT
few HIMT
minutes, irreversible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdamage
HIMT HIMT is done
HIMT HIMTto theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
brain, evenHIMT HIMT
if life HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is subsequently HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
restored.
4.1.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT Environmental
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hazards
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ―Pollution"
HIMT HIMTas inconvenience
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or damage,
HIMT HIMTcaused
HIMT HIMTby human
HIMT activities,
humans,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
animals, HIMTand
plants HIMT toHIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
environment asHIMT HIMT HIMT
a whole, by HIMT HIMT HIMT
spreading of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
compounds HIMT
to air, HIMTor
water HIMT
landHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Major oil and chemical pollution can harm other industries such as fishery, tourism,
etc HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargoes
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
oil HIMT
and HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT tankers
HIMT HIMTmay HIMTbeHIMT
harmful
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
the HIMT
environment
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
represent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a pollution
HIMT HIMT risk
• HIMT
Hazards HIMT HIMT
caused to theHIMTenvironment,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcovering
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTeffect
HIMT HIMT
on HIMT
human HIMTand HIMTmarine
HIMT HIMT lifeHIMT HIMT HIMT
from the release of oil or chemicals HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Effect of the cargo vapour pressure and atmospheric conditions on the hazards to the
environment
4.1.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Reactivity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hazards
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemical HIMTmay
cargo HIMT react
HIMT HIMT
in aHIMT
numberHIMT HIMT HIMT such
of ways, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as with:
• itself (self-reaction)
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Air,water,another
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo,other
HIMT HIMTmaterials
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Reactivity
HIMT HIMT data
HIMTofHIMT
chemicals
HIMT HIMT are given
HIMT HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT ICSHIMT
or other cargo
HIMT HIMT data
HIMT HIMT sheets
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Polymerization
the HIMT
formation of larger
HIMT HIMT molecules
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMT
a result of self-reaction
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of
Effects HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature on HIMT HIMT HIMT of
the reactivity HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
polymerization
• HIMT
Presence HIMT HIMTmay
impurities HIMT HIMT
act HIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMT
catalysts on HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
reactivity of HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes andHIMT HIMT HIMT
polymerization
• Polymerization may, under some circumstances, be dangerous

4.1.4
HIMT HIMT HIMT Corrosion
HIMT HIMT hazards
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Some HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMTmayHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be corrosive HIMT HIMT
to human HIMT HIMT
tissue and HIMT
to aHIMT HIMTequipment
ship's HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
structure
• Instructions about the use of protective clothing should be observed
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Care HIMTshould be taken
HIMT HIMT to ensure
HIMTunsuitable materials
HIMT HIMT not introduced
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Effect
HIMTofHIMT
concentration
evolution of HIMT
HIMT HIMT hydrogen
HIMT HIMTon corrosion
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Conditions
HIMT HIMTunder which
HIMT HIMT HIMTiron
HIMTsulphide
HIMT HIMTbecomes
HIMT HIMTpyrophoric
• HIMT
Rusting HIMT HIMTof
in presence HIMT
H2S HIMT HIMTcrude)forming
(sour HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Iron HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
suphide
H2S is very corrosive and enhanced inspection and maintenance regimes should be put in
place
HIMT HIMT HIMT if H2S
likely
HIMTtoHIMT
be HIMT
present
HIMT in high
HIMT HIMTconcentrations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Pressure vacuum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve
HIMT seats
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
made
HIMT HIMT HIMT of brass
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMTmore likelyHIMT
HIMT HIMT to fail
HIMTthan
HIMTstainless
HIMT HIMTsteel seats.
Mechanical tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
gauges are HIMT
moreHIMT HIMT
likely toHIMT HIMT HIMT
fail since H2S HIMT
hasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a damaging HIMT
effect onHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tension
steel HIMT HIMTsprings
HIMT HIMTandHIMTmetals
HIMT HIMT HIMTas
such HIMT HIMT HIMT
brass and HIMT HIMT HIMT
bronze. HIMT HIMT HIMT
An increase HIMT HIMT
in spare partHIMT HIMT HIMT
inventory may be necessary. Computer and instrument components made of silver and gold
are highly affected by even low H2S concentrations
4.1.5
HIMT HIMT HIMT Explosion
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT flammability
HIMT HIMT HIMT hazards
FLAMMABILITY
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCLASSIFICATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OF PETROLEUM
There are many schemes for dividing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT complete
HIMT HIMT range of petroleum
HIMT HIMT liquids
HIMT HIMT HIMT intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
different flammability classes based on flashpoint and vapour pressure and there is aHIMT HIMT HIMT
considerable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT variation
HIMT HIMTin HIMT
theseHIMTschemes
HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMTcountries. Usually,
HIMTbasic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
principle
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis to consider
HIMT whether
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor not
HIMTaHIMT
flammable
HIMT HIMT equilibrium
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas/air mixture
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcanHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
formed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inHIMT
theHIMTspace above
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTliquid when
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMT liquid is HIMT
HIMT HIMT at ambient temperature.
Generally, in this guide it has been sufficient to group petroleum liquids into two
categories
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT entitled non-volatile
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
volatile, defined
HIMT HIMT in terms
HIMT HIMT of flashpoint
HIMT HIMT as HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT follows:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Non-volatile
Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
60ºC orHIMT
HIMT above, as determined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMTtheHIMTclosed
HIMT HIMTcup method
testing.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
These HIMT HIMT
liquids HIMT HIMT
produce, HIMT HIMT
when at anyHIMT normal
HIMT HIMTambient
temperature, HIMT HIMT HIMT
equilibrium gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrations below the lower flammable limit. They include distillate fuel oils,
heavy
HIMT HIMT oilsHIMT
and diesel
HIMT oils.HIMT
HIMT HIMT TheirHIMTRVPs areHIMT
HIMT HIMT belowHIMT0.007 barHIMT
HIMT HIMT and are
HIMT not
HIMT usually
measured.
Volatile
Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT below 60ºC,
HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMT
determined by HIMT
closed
HIMT cup method
HIMT HIMT of testing.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSome
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT liquids in this
HIMT HIMT HIMTcategory
HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMT
capable of HIMT
HIMT HIMT producing
HIMT HIMTan equilibrium
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas/air
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mixture within the flammable range when in some part of the normal ambient HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature range, while most of the rest give equilibrium gas/air mixtures above the
upper
HIMT HIMT HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlimit
HIMT at
HIMTallHIMT
normal ambient
HIMT HIMT temperatures
• Three essentials necessary for a fire to commence as:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oxygen
• flammable material (fuel)
• source of ignition

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMTflammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
mixed HIMTwith
HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMT(usually
HIMT HIMTfrom the HIMT
HIMT HIMT atmosphere)
an HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT explosive
HIMT HIMT mixture
HIMT HIMTmayHIMTbeHIMT
produced
• HIMT
Ability HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum andHIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMTto
products HIMT HIMT HIMTflammable
generate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour is aHIMT HIMT HIMT
major factor for starting a fire
• Ability
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a substance
vaporize is its
HIMT HIMT HIMTvolatility
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Volatility
HIMT HIMT increases
HIMT HIMT HIMTwithHIMT
temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTreaches
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
maximum
HIMT HIMTat the
HIMT HIMTboiling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature of the petroleum and chemical products HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Concentration of hydrocarbon vapour present in air is used to define
"flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrange"HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Working
HIMT HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT range
HIMTof HIMTa HIMT
mixture of petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapour
HIMT HIMTand airHIMT
HIMT canHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
taken to be from 1% to 10% by volume; other chemical vapours may haveHIMT HIMT HIMT
other ranges
FLAMMABLE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLIMITS
A mixture of hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
gas HIMT HIMT
air HIMT
cannotHIMT HIMT
be HIMT HIMT and
ignited HIMT HIMT HIMTunless
burn HIMT HIMT itsHIMT HIMT HIMT
composition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlies
HIMTwithin a range
HIMT HIMT of gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT in airHIMT
HIMT concentrations known
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas the
HIMT Flammable
Range. The lower limit of this range, known as the Lower Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Limit (LFL),
that
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT below which
HIMT HIMT HIMTthere is insufficient
HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
support HIMT propagate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
combustion. HIMT HIMT
upperHIMTlimit
HIMT HIMT HIMTrange,
known asHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
Upper
HIMT HIMT HIMT Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Limit (UFL),
HIMT is that
HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT above which
HIMT HIMT HIMTthere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is insufficient air to support and propagate combustion. The flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT limits varyHIMT HIMT HIMT
somewhat for different pure hydrocarbon gases and for the gas mixtures derivedHIMT HIMT HIMT
from HIMT HIMT
different HIMT HIMT liquids.
petroleum HIMT HIMT Very
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
roughly, HIMT
the HIMTmixtures
gas HIMT HIMT HIMT
fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
crude oils,HIMT HIMT HIMT
motor
HIMT HIMT HIMT or aviation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasolines
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT natural
HIMT HIMTgasoline-type products
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT canHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
represented
respectively
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby HIMTthe
HIMTpure
HIMT hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gasesHIMT propane,
HIMT HIMT HIMTbutane andHIMT
HIMT HIMT pentane.
HIMT HIMTTable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
below
HIMT HIMT HIMT gives
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT limits
HIMTforHIMT
these
HIMTthree gases.
Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT limits
HIMT HIMT HIMT %HIMT
HIMT Vol. HIMT HIMT
Number of dilutions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby hydrocarbon
air to reduce
HIMT 50%
HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT
volume
HIMT HIMT HIMT mixture
HIMT HIMT to LFL
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GAS
UPPER HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
LOWER
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Propane
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 9.5HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 2.2HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 23HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Butane
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 8.5HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.9 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
26HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Pentane
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 7.8HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 1.5HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 33HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
It also shows the amount of dilution with air needed to bring a mixture of 50% by
volume
HIMT HIMT each ofHIMT
HIMT these HIMTgases in air
HIMT HIMT HIMTdown to itsHIMT
HIMT HIMT LFL.
HIMTThis
HIMTtype of information
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
veryHIMT HIMT HIMT
relevant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT easeHIMTwith
HIMT which
HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT disperse
HIMT HIMT to a HIMT
HIMT non-flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
atmosphere. InHIMT HIMT HIMT
practice theHIMT HIMT and
lower HIMT HIMT
upper HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable HIMTof
limits HIMT
oilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes
carried in tankers can, for general purposes, be taken as 1% and 10% by volume
respectively.
• Flammability diagram with respect to: flammable range, flammable zone and
show
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThowHIMTuse
HIMTof inert
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTenhances safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin cargo
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT of HIMTanHIMT
oil HIMT
indicates
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
lowest temperature
HIMT HIMT at which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe oilHIMT
HIMT will HIMT
giveHIMT HIMT HIMT
off HIMT HIMT HIMT
sufficient HIMT HIMT HIMTvapour
hydrocarbon HIMT HIMTto HIMT
formHIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixture withHIMTairHIMT HIMT HIMT
near the surface of the oil

EFFECT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOF
HIMTINERT
HIMT HIMTGASHIMT ON
HIMTFLAMMABILITY
When an HIMT
inertHIMT
gas, HIMT HIMT HIMT
typically HIMT
flue HIMTis
gas, HIMT HIMT HIMT
added to aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT
gas/air HIMT HIMT
mixture, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
result is to increase the lower flammable limit hydrocarbon concentration and to
decrease
HIMT HIMT HIMT upper flammable
HIMT limitHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration. These
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects
HIMT HIMTare illustrated
HIMT HIMT HIMT in
HIMTfigHIMT HIMT HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMTregarded onlyHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT as aHIMT
guide
HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT principles
HIMT HIMTinvolved.
Every point on the diagram represents a hydrocarbon gas/air/inert gas mixture,
specified
HIMT HIMT HIMT in terms
its HIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTcontent. Hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas/air
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mixtures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTinert
HIMT gas lie on
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT line
HIMT AB,
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT slope
HIMTof which
HIMT reflects
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTreduction
HIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMT
content as HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT
contents HIMT HIMT HIMT
increases. HIMT HIMT
Points to theHIMTleft
HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
line AB represent mixtures with their oxygen content further reduced by the addition
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT inert gas.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlower and
HIMT HIMT HIMTupper flammability
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlimit
HIMTmixtures for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT gasHIMTinHIMT
airHIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
represented by the points C and D. As the inert gas content increases, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT mixtures
HIMT HIMT HIMTchange
HIMT HIMTas
HIMTindicated
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTthe
HIMTlines CE and
HIMT HIMT DE,HIMT
HIMT HIMT whichHIMTfinally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
converge at the point E. Only those mixtures represented by points in
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the shaded
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
area
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin theHIMT
HIMT HIMT loop CED
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTcapable
HIMT HIMTof burning.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OnlyHIMTthe
HIMTvapour
HIMT HIMTfrom a flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT material
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMT combine
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
produce
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fireHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmixture
Explosive HIMT HIMT HIMT
mayHIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
produced HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum andHIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapours are mixed with air
• Corrosive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids
HIMT HIMTcan become
HIMT HIMT HIMT flammable andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT produce
HIMT HIMT flammable gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTcertain
HIMT HIMTmaterials
• HIMT
Mixture HIMT HIMTand
of vapour HIMT air
HIMTwill
HIMT HIMTignite
only HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMTifHIMT
burn its HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
composition HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is within
the "flammable range―
• Within the flammable/explosive range, if a heat source is introduced, then it
will result in a flash fire and possible sustained combustion

4.1.6
HIMT HIMT HIMT Sources
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMTignition, including
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTelectrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThazards
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sources
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
direct heat
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sources
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
mechanical
HIMT HIMT sparks
• HIMT
Sources of HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
energy
• Sources of electrical energy
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It isHIMT
essential
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
avoid the
HIMT HIMTentry
HIMT of flammable
HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT HIMT intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT areas
HIMTwhere
ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sources
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT present, such
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
HIMT living
HIMTaccommodation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTengine-room,
galley, etc. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Static electricity can arise when two dissimilar materials (solids liquids or
gases)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT come
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT contact and HIMT
HIMT HIMT charge
HIMTseparation
HIMT HIMT HIMT occurs at the
HIMT HIMT HIMTinterface
• Static electricity can cause sparks capable of igniting flammable mixture
Causes
HIMT HIMT HIMT of electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcharge generation
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Movement
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT ship
HIMT through
HIMT HIMT HIMT the water
HIMT causes
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMThull
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT electrically
charged
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Flow HIMT
ofHIMT HIMTand
liquids HIMT gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
through HIMT HIMT
pipes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or filters
• Settling of solids or immiscible liquids through a liquid
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Ejection
HIMT HIMTof particles or droplets
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom a nozzle
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Splashing
HIMT HIMTor agitation
HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT a liquid against
HIMT HIMT a solid
HIMT HIMT HIMTsurface
• HIMT
Vigorous HIMT HIMT
rubbing HIMT HIMTand
together HIMTsubsequent
HIMT HIMT HIMTseparation
HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMT HIMTsynthetic
certain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
polymers
• Some
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanker
HIMT HIMT operations canHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT giveHIMT
rise to HIMT
HIMT electrostatic charge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT generation-
loading,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank cleaning,
HIMT HIMT HIMTCrude
HIMT HIMToilHIMT
washing
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTelectricity
Static HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is generated HIMT HIMT
during cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT
(clean HIMT HIMT
products), HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank
cleaning, slop handling etc.
• Free
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fallHIMT
HIMT should be avoided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT at allHIMT
HIMT timesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CheckHIMT electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMT continuity
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
cargo
HIMTpipe linesHIMT
HIMT HIMT on HIMT
deck. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• While taking ullage, using UTI tape, keep the tape earthed
to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the hull
• Certain cargoes are accumulators of static electricity because of their
conductivity
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Compared
HIMT HIMT with oil and
HIMT HIMT HIMTother hydrocarbons,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpolar solvents
HIMT HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMTunusual
properties with regard to fire-fighting procedures HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT Electricity
• It is due to the two dissimilar materials (not metal) like nylon, PVC, rubber,
glass
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwool, anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT synthetic fiber
HIMT HIMT HIMTcoming
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
contact withHIMT
HIMT HIMT each other.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Accumulation
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT charges in petroluem
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT depends
HIMT HIMTonHIMTitsHIMT
conductivity (< 100
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pS)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnon-accumulator
Static HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT less
oils are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(conductivity
dangerous HIMT HIMT HIMT > HIMT
100HIMT
pS)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• An additive can be added to static accumulator oil to make them safe against
static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcharges

Precautions.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Wait forHIMT
HIMT atleast 30 minutes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbefore
HIMT HIMT manual ullaging
• HIMT
Start HIMTaHIMT
with veryHIMT
slowHIMT HIMT
rate ofHIMT HIMT
filling HIMTafter
and HIMT all
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
turbulence HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is stopped,
increase the loading rate
• UseHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT insulated
HIMT HIMTflanges
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Earth
HIMTor ground
HIMT all the
HIMT HIMT HIMTmetallic
HIMT HIMTparts
• Precautions may not be requiredHIMT
in an HIMTatmosphere,
inert HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
henceHIMT HIMTcleaning
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or crude oil washing is always done in prescnce of inert gas.
Ship-Shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTElectric
HIMT HIMTCurrent
• The sources of ship shore electric current are,
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 1. HIMT
Impressed
HIMT HIMTcurrent
HIMT HIMT cathodic
HIMT HIMTprotection
• HIMT
Cathodic protection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT jetty
HIMTorHIMT
of the
HIMTship
HIMTby sacrificial
HIMT HIMT HIMT anodes.
• 3. stray currents due to galvanic potential between ship and shore.
• HIMT
Leakage effects
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT electrical
HIMT HIMT power sources
5. Lightning discharge due to charged clouds
4.1.7 Toxicity
Toxicity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
theHIMTdegree to HIMT
HIMT HIMT whichHIMTaHIMTsubstance or mixture
HIMT HIMT HIMT of substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcan HIMT harm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
humans or animals.
Toxic HIMT HIMT HIMT
substances canHIMT HIMT HIMT
affect HIMT HIMT
humans inHIMT HIMTmain
four HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ways: HIMT HIMT
by being HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
swallowed
(ingestion);
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMTskin contact;
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT lungs (inhalation)
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT through theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
eyes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Toxic
HIMT HIMT substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcanHIMThave
HIMT local effects,
HIMT HIMT such
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
HIMT skinHIMT
or HIMT
eye HIMT
irritation, butHIMT
HIMT HIMT canHIMT HIMT HIMT
also
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaffect other,
HIMT HIMT HIMT more distant,
HIMT HIMT parts
HIMT body
HIMT(systemic effects).
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMTpurpose
this Section is to describe the adverse effects associated with toxic substances to
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT engaged in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankerHIMToperations
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTmost likely
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
HIMT be HIMT
exposed;
HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
indicate
HIMTconcentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT at HIMT
whichHIMT those adverse
HIMT HIMT effects
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT expected
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
occur
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthrough
humans HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a single or HIMT HIMT HIMT
repeated HIMT HIMT HIMT
exposure; andHIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMT
describe HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures forHIMT HIMT HIMT
reducing the risks of such exposure. Although not strictly a matter of toxicity, the
effects
HIMT HIMT oxygenHIMTdeficiency
HIMT HIMT HIMTare also
HIMT HIMT described.
Ingestion
Petroleum has low oral toxicity, but when swallowed it causes acute discomfort and
nausea.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThere is then
HIMT HIMT a possibility
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT liquid petroleum
HIMT may
HIMT drawn
HIMTinto
HIMT the
HIMTlungs
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during
HIMT HIMT HIMT vomiting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT this can HIMT
HIMT HIMT haveHIMTserious
HIMT HIMTconsequences,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTespecially
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMThigher
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts,
volatility HIMT HIMT HIMT
suchHIMT
asHIMT HIMT HIMT
gasolines andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
kerosenes.
Skin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contact
Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts, especially
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTmore volatile
HIMT HIMT HIMTones, cause
HIMT HIMT skin HIMT
HIMT HIMT irritation andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
remove essential oils from the skin, leading to dermatitis. They are also irritating toHIMT HIMT HIMT
the eyes. Certain heavier oils can cause serious skin disorders on repeated and
prolonged
HIMT HIMT HIMT contact.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDirect
HIMT HIMT contact
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTpetroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould always
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMTavoided
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT
wearing
HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTprotective
HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment, especially
HIMT HIMT HIMT impermeable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gloves andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
goggles.
Comparatively small quantities of petroleum gas, when inhaled, can cause
symptoms of diminished responsibility and dizziness similar to drunkenness, with

headache
HIMT HIMT HIMT irritation
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
theHIMT
eyes.
HIMTThe inhalation
a sufficient quantity
HIMT HIMT HIMT can
HIMT
fatal.
These symptoms can occur at concentrations well below the Lower Flammable Limit.
However,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgases vary
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT theirHIMT
physiological
HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects
HIMT HIMTand human
HIMT tolerance
these
HIMT HIMT HIMT effects
HIMT HIMT alsoHIMT
HIMT HIMT varies
HIMTwidely.
HIMT HIMTItHIMT
should not HIMT
HIMT HIMT be assumed
HIMT HIMT HIMTthatHIMT
because
HIMT HIMTconditions
can be tolerated the gas concentration is within safe limits. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The smell of petroleum gas mixtures is very variable and in some cases the gases
may
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT dull the HIMT
HIMT HIMT sense of smell.
HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMTimpairment
HIMT HIMT HIMTof smell
HIMT is especially
HIMT HIMT likely,
HIMT HIMT
particularly
HIMT HIMT HIMT serious,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT if the
HIMT mixture
HIMT HIMTcontains
HIMT HIMT HIMThydrogen sulphide.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe absence
HIMT HIMT of smell
should HIMT HIMT
never HIMT HIMT
be taken HIMT HIMTthe
to indicate HIMTabsence
of gas.
Exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT Limits
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoxic hazards
HIMT HIMT to which
HIMT HIMT personnel
HIMTexposed in tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperations arise
HIMT HIMT HIMT almost
HIMT HIMT HIMT
entirely from exposure to gases of various kinds. A number of indicators are used toHIMT HIMT HIMT
measure
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrations of toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTmany
HIMT HIMTsubstances have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT been
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
assigned Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), sometimes referred to as Permissible
Exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (PELs).
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTvalues
HIMT HIMTnormallyquoted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT are expressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as Threshold Limit
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTValues (TLVs)
HIMT HIMT in parts
per million (ppm) by volume of gas in air. In spite of the fact that serious health
HIMT HIMT HIMT
affects are not believed likely as a result of exposure to TLV concentrations, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
values
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMT HIMT HIMTonly guidelines.
HIMT HIMT BestHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT practice
HIMT HIMTis toHIMT
HIMT maintain
HIMT HIMTconcentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMTallHIMT HIMT HIMT
atmospheric
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontaminants
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as low
HIMTas is HIMT
HIMT reasonably
HIMT HIMT practicable.
Effects
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT main effect
HIMT HIMT of petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas on HIMT
HIMT HIMT personnel
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
to HIMT
produce
HIMT HIMTnarcosis. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
symptoms
HIMT HIMT HIMT include
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT headache and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT eyeHIMT irritation,
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT diminished
HIMT HIMT HIMTresponsibility andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dizziness HIMT to
similar HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
drunkenness. At HIMT
highHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrations, HIMTlead
these HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to paralysis,
insensibility and death. The toxicity of petroleum gases can vary widely depending
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTmajor hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconstituents
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of the gases.
HIMT HIMT Toxicity
HIMT HIMT canHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMTgreatly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
influenced
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTpresence of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT someHIMT HIMTminor components
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as HIMT
HIMT HIMT aromatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons (e.g.HIMT HIMT HIMTand
benzene) HIMThydrogen
sulphide.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
300 ppm,
HIMT HIMTcorresponding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMT
about 2%
HIMT LFL,
HIMT HIMTis established
HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT gasoline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapours.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Such a HIMT
HIMT HIMT figure may
HIMT HIMTbe
HIMTused as a
HIMT HIMT HIMTgeneral guide
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMTgases butHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
must not be taken as applicable to gas mixtures containing benzene or hydrogenHIMT HIMT HIMT
sulphide. The human body can tolerate concentrations somewhat greater than the
TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMT HIMT for short
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTperiods.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfollowing areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT effects at HIMT
HIMT HIMT higherHIMTconcentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT petroleum gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMTasHIMT HIMT HIMT
typified by gasoline: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Benzene:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTChronic
HIMT HIMT exposure to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMTof benzene
HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMT of only
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
fewHIMT HIMT HIMT
parts
HIMT HIMT HIMT per HIMT
HIMT HIMT million
HIMTin airHIMT
HIMT mayHIMTcause leukemia
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTIMO MSC
HIMT HIMT Circular
HIMT gives
HIMT HIMT the TLV-
TWA for HIMT HIMT HIMT
benzene asHIMT
1 HIMT
ppmHIMT HIMT a
over HIMT HIMT HIMT
period of HIMT HIMThours.
eight HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
However, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
working
procedures should aim at ensuring the lowest possible gas concentrations are
achieved in work locations

HYDROGEN
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT SULPHIDE
HIMT HIMT HIMT (H 2S):
HIMT HIMTHydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT Sulphide
HIMT HIMT (HHIMT
2S)HIMT
is aHIMT
very toxic,
HIMT HIMT corrosive
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflammable
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas.
HIMTItHIMT
has a HIMT
HIMT veryHIMTlowHIMTodour threshold
HIMTaHIMT
distinctive odour
rotten HIMT H
eggs. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2S is colourless and is heavier than air, having a relative vapour
density of 1.189. It is soluble in water. Precautions against high H S concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnormally
HIMT HIMTconsidered
HIMT HIMT HIMT necessary if the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHHIMT
2S content
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
theHIMT
vapour phase
10 HIMT
ppmHIMT HIMT HIMT
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT volume or above.
The TLV-TWA for H S is given as 5 ppm over a period of eight hours. Other
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
authorities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay apply
HIMT different
HIMT HIMT values.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHowever,
HIMT HIMTworking
HIMT HIMTprocedures
HIMT HIMTaim
HIMTatHIMT HIMT HIMT
ensuring
HIMTlowest possible
HIMTconcentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMT
achieved inHIMT
HIMT HIMT work locations.
H2S isHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
very corrosive and enhanced inspection and maintenance regimes should be
put
place
HIMTifHIMT
H2SHIMT
is HIMT
likely to HIMT
HIMT be HIMT
present in high
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPressure vacuum
valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT seats
HIMT HIMT HIMT made ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT brass are HIMT
HIMT HIMT more HIMTlikely to HIMT
HIMT HIMT fail HIMT
than
HIMTstainless steel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTseats.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Mechanical tank gauges are more likely to fail since H2S has a damaging effect onHIMT HIMT HIMT
stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT steel tension
HIMT HIMT springs
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT metals suchHIMT
HIMT HIMT as HIMT
brass and
HIMT bronze.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAn increase
HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
spare part inventory may be necessary
Exposure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Limits
The toxic hazards to which personnel are exposed in tanker operations arise almost
entirely
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTexposure to gases
HIMT HIMT variousHIMTkinds.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT number of indicators
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT usedHIMTtoHIMT
measure
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTconcentrations of toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT
many HIMT HIMT HIMT
substances haveHIMT HIMT HIMT
been HIMT HIMT
assigned HIMT HIMT HIMT
Threshold LimitHIMT HIMT HIMT
Values HIMT HIMT
(TLVs), HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sometimes
referred to as Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs).
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTterm Permissible
HIMT HIMT Exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLimit has HIMT
HIMT HIMT beenHIMTdiscontinued
HIMT HIMT HIMTin this
HIMT HIMTpublication,
operational
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT should beHIMT
HIMT HIMT aimed at HIMT
HIMT HIMT reducing
HIMT HIMTpersonnel‘s exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT to aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
minimum and HIMT HIMT
not to a HIMT HIMT HIMT level.
permissible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Exposure limits may be set by international organisations, national administrations or
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT local
HIMTregulatory standards.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAny HIMT limits established
HIMT HIMT by regulation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTnot beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
exceeded.
Industry bodies and oil companies often refer to the American Conference of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) which has established guidelines on
limits
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTprotect
HIMT HIMTpersonnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT against
HIMT HIMTharmful
HIMT HIMT vapours in HIMT
working
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
environment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The values
HIMT HIMT HIMTquoted
HIMT HIMTare
HIMT expressed
HIMT HIMT HIMTas HIMT
Threshold
HIMT HIMTLimit Values
HIMT HIMT HIMT (TLVs)
HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
parts HIMT HIMT
per million HIMT HIMT
(ppm) HIMT HIMTof
by volume HIMT
gas HIMT
in HIMT
air. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
In spite of the fact that serious health affects are not believed likely as a result of
exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT to TLV
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrations,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTvalues
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT only
HIMTguidelines.
HIMT HIMT HIMTBest
HIMT practice is toHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof allHIMT
HIMT atmospheric
HIMT HIMT HIMT contaminants as low
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as isHIMT
HIMT HIMT reasonably
practicable.
InHIMT
following
HIMT HIMTtext
HIMT the termHIMT
HIMT HIMT TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMT HIMT(Time
HIMTWeighted Average)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis used.
HIMT TLVHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
(TWA)
HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT HIMT defined as the
HIMT HIMT HIMThighest
HIMT HIMTconcentration
a substance, which
HIMT HIMT HIMT will HIMT
HIMT HIMT have noHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
adverse
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects,
HIMT HIMTeven when
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT exposure
HIMT is forHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 8hrs
HIMTinHIMT
a day, 40 hrs
HIMT HIMT HIMTin a week,
HIMT forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnumber
any HIMT HIMT of
HIMTweeks.
Because HIMTare
they HIMT averages,
TWAs HIMT HIMT
assume HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
short-term
excursions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTabove the TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMT are not
HIMT sufficiently
HIMT highHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to cause
HIMT HIMTinjury to health
and that are compensated by equivalent excursions below the TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT during theHIMT HIMT HIMT
conventional 8-hour working day.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TLV (STEL) Short time exposure limit: This is for a exposure of 15 minutes at a time,HIMT HIMT HIMT
limited to four exposures per day and a minimum of 1 hour gap between exposures.

Effects
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
effect of HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
petroleum HIMT HIMT
on HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
personnel to HIMT HIMT HIMT
produce HIMT HIMT HIMT
narcosis. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
symptoms include headache and eye irritation, with diminished responsibility and
dizziness
HIMT HIMT HIMT similar
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to
HIMTdrunkenness. At HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT highHIMT
concentrations, these
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlead to paralysis,
insensibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTdeath. The
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoxicity ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMTgases
HIMT HIMTcanHIMTvary
HIMTwidely depending
on the major hydrocarbon constituents of the gases. Toxicity can be greatly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
influenced by the presence of some minor components such as aromatic
hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT (e.g.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbenzene) andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrogen sulphide.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTA HIMT
TLV-TWA
HIMT HIMT of
HIMT300
HIMT ppm,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
corresponding
HIMT HIMT HIMT to about
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2% LFL,
HIMT HIMTis established
HIMT forHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT gasoline
HIMT HIMT vapours.
HIMT HIMTSuch a figure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT be
may HIMTused
HIMT HIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMTguide
a general HIMT HIMT
for HIMT HIMT HIMTgases
petroleum HIMT HIMT HIMT
but HIMT HIMT
must not HIMT HIMT HIMT
be taken asHIMT HIMT HIMT
applicable to gas mixtures containing benzene or hydrogen sulphide. The human
body
HIMT HIMT tolerate concentrations
HIMT HIMT somewhat
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT greater
HIMT HIMT than theHIMT
HIMT HIMT TLV-TWA for short
periods.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTfollowing are HIMT
HIMTat higher
HIMT concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMTpetroleum gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as typified by gasoline:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Table
HIMT HIMT HIMT Effects
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT Exposure
HIMT HIMTto Petroleum
HIMT Gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT as Typified
HIMT HIMT by Gasoline
Concentration % LFL Effects
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT0.05% Vol.
HIMT HIMT (500
HIMT HIMTppm)
HIMT HIMT HIMT 5 Possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTirritation
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT eyes after
HIMT HIMTone
HIMT hour.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
0.1% Vol. (1,000 ppm) 10 Irritation of the eyes within one hour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Irritation
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
eyes,
HIMT nose
HIMT and throat,
0.2% Vol. (2,000 ppm) 20
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT dizziness
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT unsteadiness
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
HIMThalf
HIMTan
HIMThour.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
0.7% Vol.HIMT HIMTppm)
(7,000 HIMT HIMT HIMT70 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Symptoms as ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
drunkenness HIMT HIMT
15HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
minutes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Rapid onset
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT ‗drunkenness‘
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich may
HIMT HIMT lead
HIMT toHIMT HIMT
HIMT
1.0% Vol. (10,000 ppm) 100 unconsciousness and death if exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT continues.
2.0% Vol. (20,000 ppm) 200 Paralysis and death occur very rapidly.
The TLV concentration of 300 ppm is considerably below the Lower Flammable Limit
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTExplosimeters
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cannot
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
expected
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTmeasure concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMTthis
HIMTorder
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accurately.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Respiratory
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprotection should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT always
HIMT HIMTbe worn
HIMT HIMTifHIMT
for HIMT
any HIMT
reason
HIMT it is determined
HIMTitHIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT necessary
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTbreach theHIMT
HIMT HIMT integrity ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
cargoHIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTthat
HIMT concentrations
vapour may HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMTto
expected HIMT HIMT HIMT
exceed theHIMT HIMT HIMTsuch
TLV-TWA, HIMT HIMT
as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
When undertaking open gauging and sampling.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMTremoving blanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMTconnecting
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe cargo
HIMT HIMT hose or loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTarm.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMTcleaning filters.
 When draining lines to open containment and when mopping up spills.
Procedures
HIMT HIMTonly
HIMTallow for HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
use HIMT
of self-contained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT breathing apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
supply
HIMT HIMT HIMT air.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT

4.1.8
HIMT HIMT HIMT Vapour
HIMT HIMT leaks
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT clouds
Dangers arising from a vapour cloud drift as potential fire and health hazards.
Persistent
HIMT HIMT HIMT bubbling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMT
signs
HIMTof a possible
HIMT leakHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT around the pipeline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMTcargo area.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT poolHIMT
of liquid on HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
deck, HIMTa dense
HIMT HIMTwhite cloud
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
HIMT fog HIMT
on theHIMTdeck or inHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
pipeline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are HIMTsigns
also HIMT HIMT
of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
possible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
leak.
Unusual noise/hissing sound could be a positive indication of a leak.
Personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
considered if a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT leakHIMT
is suspected.
Precautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon discovery
HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTa leak as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
DO NOT create any sparks or heat sources which could ignite escaping gas or
liquids
DO
HIMT HIMT HIMT NOT
HIMT HIMTapproach
HIMT HIMT HIMT a suspected
HIMT HIMT HIMT vapour cloud
HIMT HIMT HIMTresulting
HIMT HIMT from a leak.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Any possible
leak must be immediately reported. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4.2.1 Inerting, water padding, drying agents
"inert gas"HIMT
is aHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMTcontaining
or vapour HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
insufficient HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMT
to support HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
combustion
Common shipboard inert gas systems are:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT flueHIMT
gasHIMT
system
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT nitrogen gas
HIMT HIMT HIMTgenerator
—HIMT HIMT
stand-alone HIMT HIMT
oil fired inertHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
generator
Inert gas is used in cargo tanks:
-to
HIMT HIMT HIMT reduce
HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin the
HIMTtank
HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMTorder
HIMTto prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMTfireHIMT
and explosion
-to
HIMT HIMT HIMT reduce
HIMT hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT an HIMT
already
HIMT inerted
HIMT HIMTtankHIMT atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
-to HIMT HIMT
protect theHIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT polymerization,
from HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxidation
HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
humidity
Purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(inerting)
HIMT HIMT isHIMTdone
HIMTbyHIMTreplacing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours withHIMT
HIMT HIMT anHIMT
inertHIMT
gasHIMT
until
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the concentration of vapours is below 2% by volume
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Inert gas used on tankers is flue gas from boilers, nitrogen or inert gas produced in HIMT HIMT HIMT
the ship's inert gas generator
Correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT inerted
HIMT HIMT condition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT ensured byHIMT
HIMT HIMT regular
HIMT checks
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT tank atmosphere
Atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchecks
HIMT HIMT are
HIMTdone
HIMTbyHIMTmeasuring theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT percentage of oxygen
HIMTcargo
vapours through all designated sampling points HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
an HIMT
inerted
HIMTtank or void
HIMT HIMT HIMTspace
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
safeHIMT
withHIMT
regard to fire
HIMT HIMT hazard
HIMT HIMT HIMTbutHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMT regard
HIMT HIMT HIMTto health
HIMT HIMThazard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeans
Padding HIMT HIMT HIMT the
filling HIMTullage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
spaces HIMT HIMT
of cargo HIMT with
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a liquid, gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
or vapour toHIMT HIMT HIMT
separate
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT fromHIMTairHIMT
andHIMT
maintaining
condition.
Drying
HIMT HIMT HIMT means
HIMT HIMT filling
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe cargo
HIMT HIMT tanks and
HIMT HIMT HIMTassociated piping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor where
HIMT required
HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT surrounding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the tank
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTmoisture free HIMT
HIMT having
HIMT HIMT aHIMT
dewHIMT
point
HIMTbelow - HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
40° HIMT HIMT HIMT
Centigrade at HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmospheric HIMT HIMT
pressure andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintaining HIMT
that HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
condition.
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprevents the access
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTwater
HIMT or water
HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT cargo
Means
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of monitoring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ullage
HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT other gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT dangerous spaces
safety and correct atmospheric controls is provided HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMeasuring
HIMT HIMT instruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT are HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT fitted forHIMT
HIMT continuous indication
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpermanent recording
HIMT HIMT the pressure in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinert
HIMT gas
HIMT main andHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
oxygen
content HIMTinert
of the HIMT gas
HIMT being
supplied
Instruments are to be arranged in the cargo control room, where provided, or
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin aHIMT
location
HIMT HIMT accessible to the
HIMT officer.
HIMT HIMT HIMTStates
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMTsensing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtransmitters
HIMT HIMT HIMT or equivalent
HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT fitted forHIMT
HIMT remote monitoring
Procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMT
cargo
HIMTtank purging
HIMT HIMT and/or
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas-freeing
When theHIMT
shipHIMTis HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided HIMT
with anHIMT HIMTgas
inert HIMTsystem,
HIMT HIMT theHIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks shallHIMT HIMT
first beHIMT HIMT HIMT
purged until the concentration of hydrocarbon vapours in the cargo tanks has been
reduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto less
HIMT HIMT than
HIMT 2% HIMT by
HIMTvolume.
HIMT HIMTThereafter,
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas-freeing
HIMT HIMT HIMTmayHIMT take place
HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT deckHIMT level.
When theHIMT
shipHIMT HIMTprovided
is not HIMT HIMT HIMT
withHIMT
an HIMT
inertHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
system, theHIMT HIMT HIMTshall
operation HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be such
that
HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT vapour is discharged
HIMT HIMT initially
HIMT HIMT HIMT through:
.1. the vent outlets as specified
.2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT outlets at least
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2 mHIMTabove
HIMT the
HIMTcargo tank
HIMT HIMT deck
HIMT HIMT level withHIMT
HIMT HIMT a vertical
HIMT HIMTefflux velocity
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
at least HIMT maintained
30 m/s HIMT HIMT HIMTduring
HIMT HIMT
gas-freeing HIMT HIMTor
operation; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT outlets at least
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2 mHIMTabove
HIMT the
HIMTcargo tank
HIMT HIMT deck
HIMT HIMT level withHIMT
HIMT HIMT a vertical
HIMT HIMTefflux velocity
of at least 20 m/s and which are protected by suitable devices
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to prevent theHIMT HIMT HIMT
passage of flame.
The above outlets shall be located not less than 10 m, measured horizontally, from HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT nearest
HIMT HIMTair HIMT intakes
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTopenings to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT enclosed
HIMT HIMTspaces
HIMT HIMT HIMTa source
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition
HIMTfrom
HIMT HIMTdeck machinery,
HIMT which
HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT include anchor
HIMT HIMT windlass
HIMTchain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
locker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTopenings,
HIMT HIMTand HIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT constitute
HIMT HIMTan HIMTignition hazard.
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
flammable
HIMT HIMTvapourHIMT HIMTconcentration at the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutlet hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT been
HIMTreduced
HIMT HIMTto 30%
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlower flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT limit,
HIMT gas-freeing
HIMT HIMT HIMTmay be continued
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTat cargo tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTdeck
HIMTlevel.
Requirement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTnitrogen used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas
HIMTinert gas
HIMT HIMT on
HIMT HIMTchemical tankers
Most nitrogen used as inert gas on chemical tankers is not used for safety reasons
but
cargo quality
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrol.
HIMT HIMTShippers often
HIMT HIMT HIMT have
HIMT HIMT their ownHIMT
HIMT HIMT special requirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo quality,
HIMT HIMT HIMT which can
HIMT HIMT require
HIMT inert
HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
extreme
HIMT HIMT purity, andHIMT
HIMT HIMT may specify
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnitrogen
that HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for initial HIMT HIMT
inerting ofHIMT HIMTsystems
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
prior toHIMT HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT
a cargo willHIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
supplied from the loading terminal.
Smaller
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTamounts
HIMT HIMT HIMT of pure nitrogen
HIMT HIMT can
HIMT HIMT HIMT come from
HIMT HIMT HIMTcompressed
HIMT HIMT HIMTor HIMTliquid nitrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT
containers stored on board, and refilled from shore when required, but a very HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT highHIMT HIMT HIMT
quality can be produced on board by nitrogen generators based on membrane
separation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT
swingHIMT adsorption generators.
When HIMTan
using HIMT oilHIMT HIMTinert
fired HIMT HIMT
gas HIMT HIMT HIMTan
generator, HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTlevel
HIMT HIMT HIMT than
of less HIMT HIMT
5%HIMT canHIMT HIMT HIMT
generally be obtained, depending on the quality of combustion control and the load
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTboiler. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT gasHIMTmustHIMTbeHIMT
cooled andHIMT
HIMT HIMT scrubbed
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTwater to HIMT
HIMT HIMT remove sootHIMT
sulphur acids before being supplied to the cargo tanks. But certain cargoes, for

instance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemically
HIMT HIMT HIMT reactive
HIMT HIMT cargoes,
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT sensitive to oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMT
lowHIMT HIMT HIMT
asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 2.0%HIMTby volume.
Some cargoes react with carbon dioxide in flue gases. Other cargoes are highly
sensitive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMTmoisture, or are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliable to HIMT
HIMT HIMT discoloration.
HIMT HIMT HIMTFor these
HIMT reasons
HIMT HIMT oil fired
HIMT HIMT flueHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
gas systems are rarely used on chemical carriers when carrying chemical cargoes,HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdemands
because HIMT HIMT HIMT
for HIMT
strictHIMT HIMT HIMT
control HIMT HIMT HIMTstandards
of atmosphere HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cannot HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be met.
4.2.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT ANTISTATIC
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HAZARDS
HIMT HIMT HIMT AND CONTROL
HIMT MEASURES
PRINCIPLES HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
OF ELECTROSTATICS
Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTelectricity presents
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fire
HIMTand explosion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThazards during
HIMT HIMT handling
petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTduring
HIMT HIMT other
HIMT HIMTtanker
HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as HIMT
HIMT HIMT tankHIMTcleaning, dipping,
ullaging and sampling. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMTcanHIMTgive
HIMT rise
HIMTto accumulations
HIMT of electric
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcharge
HIMT HIMTwhich may
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
released suddenly in electrostatic discharges with sufficient energy to ignite
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas/air
HIMT HIMTmixtures. There
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is,
HIMTof course,
HIMT HIMT HIMTnoHIMT
risk ofHIMT
HIMT ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unless HIMT HIMT HIMT
a flammable HIMT HIMT
mixture is HIMT HIMT HIMT
present. HIMTare
There HIMTthree
HIMT HIMT HIMTstages
basic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
leading upHIMT
to aHIMT HIMT HIMT
potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstatic hazard:
1. Charge separation;
HIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Charge HIMT HIMT HIMTand
accumulation; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3. Electrostatic discharge.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT three
HIMT of
HIMTthese stages
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMT necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTanHIMT
electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMTignition of HIMT
HIMT HIMT a flammable
atmosphere.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarges
Electrostatic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
can HIMT HIMT
occur as aHIMT HIMTofHIMT
result HIMT HIMT HIMT of
accumulations HIMT HIMT HIMT
charge on:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
-conductors, for example, a static accumulator oil (such as
kerosene) pumped into
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a tank,
HIMT HIMTor aHIMT
polypropylene
HIMT HIMT HIMTrope; andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
particulate HIMT HIMT HIMT
suspensions inHIMT
air,HIMT HIMTun-bonded
or an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
metal rod HIMT HIMT HIMT
hanging on HIMT
the HIMT
endHIMT
of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
rope.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprinciples of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT hazards andHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
precautions
be taken to HIMT
HIMT HIMT manage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrisks
HIMTare
HIMTfully
HIMTdescribed
HIMT HIMT HIMT belowHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
To avoid electrostatic hazard: an important counter measure is to bond all metal
objects
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtogether
Bonding to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT earth
HIMT is effectively
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT accomplished
HIMT HIMT HIMTby connecting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTallHIMT
metal
HIMTobjects
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
ship's structure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The ship's hull could be earthed through the seawater
Anti-static
HIMT HIMT HIMT measures
be HIMT
taken as:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT safe flow
HIMT rates
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT safeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ullaging, HIMT HIMT
sampling HIMTgauging
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Anti-static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasures
Reducing StaticHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Generation
Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT charge
HIMT HIMT voltage
HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT prevented fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT reaching
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTsparking potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT
reducing the rate of static generation. In the case of petroleum products, decreasingHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT that
activities HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
produce HIMTcan
static HIMT reduce
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTrate
of generation. HIMT HIMT
Since HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
static
generated
HIMT HIMT HIMT whenever
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtwo
HIMTdissimilar
HIMT HIMT HIMTmaterials
HIMT HIMTareHIMTin relative
HIMT motion
HIMT HIMT to each
HIMT HIMT other,
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
slowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdown of this
HIMT HIMT HIMTmotion
HIMT HIMTwill reduce
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT rateHIMT
of HIMT
generation.
HIMT HIMT This means
HIMT HIMT reducing
agitation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by
HIMTavoiding
HIMT HIMT air
HIMTor vapor
HIMT bubbling,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreducing
HIMT HIMTflow
HIMT velocity, reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMT jetHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
propeller blending, and avoiding free falling liquid. However, such static controlHIMT HIMT HIMT
methods
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may not HIMT
HIMT HIMT be commercially
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTacceptable because
HIMT HIMT slower
HIMTproduction.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThus,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMT or rapidly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdissipating
charge
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
bonding
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
grounding
HIMT HIMT is
HIMTcommonly
used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to reduce
HIMT HIMT HIMTstatic
HIMTelectricity.
Increasing
HIMT HIMT HIMT Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDissipation
Bonding and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Grounding HIMT HIMT HIMT
- Sparking HIMT HIMT two
between HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
conducting HIMT HIMT
bodies canHIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevented by means of an electrical bond attached to both bodies. Bonding prevents
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT accumulation
HIMT of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT difference in potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT across
HIMTgap, thusHIMT
HIMT HIMT noHIMT
charge canHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
accumulate and no spark can occur. The earth may be used as part of the bonding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThis
system. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is known asHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
grounding andHIMTis HIMT
used HIMT HIMT HIMT
when HIMT HIMT HIMT
a potentially HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
electrically
charged body is insulated from the ground. Thus, the ground connection bypasses
this
HIMT HIMT HIMT insulation.
Since
HIMT HIMT dissipation of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstatic charge
HIMT HIMT is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT function
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
liquid‘s conductivity,
anti-static additives may be used. These additives do not reduce static generation,
but
HIMT HIMT HIMT will
HIMT permit
HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT charge
HIMTto dissipate
HIMT HIMT HIMTmore quickly.
HIMT HIMT They
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT introduced
HIMT HIMTat theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
distribution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeginning point
HIMTtheir effectiveness
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay be reduced
HIMT HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT passage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
through HIMTfilters.
clay HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Controlling
HIMT HIMT HIMT Environment
Inerting HIMT Ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMT- HIMT
WhenHIMT static
discharge HIMT HIMT
cannot HIMT HIMT HIMT
be avoided by HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bonding,
grounding,
HIMT HIMT HIMT reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstatic generation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or
HIMTincreasing static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdissipation, ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT can
prevented by excluding ignitable vapor-air mixtures where sparks may occur. Two
commonly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTused
HIMT methods areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT inerting
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT mechanical ventilation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Inerting is aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
method of displacing the air with an inert gas to make the mixture nonflammable.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Mechanical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ventilation canHIMT
applied to dilute
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT ignitable
HIMT HIMTmixture well
HIMT HIMT HIMTbelow theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT range.
4.2.3 Ventilation
Mechanical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTventilation,
HIMT HIMT HIMTnormally of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT extraction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtype, is HIMT
HIMT HIMT provided forHIMT
HIMT HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
normally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTentered
HIMT HIMT during cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (e.g. pump-rooms)
an HIMT
oil and chemical
tanker
Ventilation intakes are so arranged as to minimize the possibility of recycling
hazardous vapours from any ventilation discharge opening

Ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTducts
HIMTareHIMTnot
HIMT led through
HIMT HIMT HIMT engine-rooms, accommodation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT working spaces
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT otherHIMTsimilar spaces
HIMT HIMT to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo vapours
HIMT HIMT do HIMT
HIMT HIMT not enter intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
safe zone
Engine-rooms and accommodation spaces are kept in a positive pressure condition
Ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfans
HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
properly
HIMT HIMT earthed forHIMT
HIMT HIMT operation
HIMT HIMTin explosive
HIMT HIMT HIMT atmospheres
when flammable cargoes are carried aboard the ship HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Purpose of tank venting systems and related equipment such as individual tank P/V
Valves,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT common
HIMT HIMTventing
HIMT HIMTsystems, and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hi- velocity
HIMT HIMTvents
VOC
HIMT HIMT HIMT PlanHIMT
HIMT HIMT describes
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTspecific
HIMT HIMTarrangement,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperations
HIMT HIMT and conditions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onboard
HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
crude oil tanker with respect to the emission and ability to control VOC emissions HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
P/V valve settings are not to be changed without approval of the officer in charge –
reasons
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT safety
HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
tank HIMTfrom
HIMTover
HIMTpressurising.
VENTING HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SYSTEMS:
Venting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystems areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT required
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT meet the HIMT
HIMT HIMT requirements
HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMTthe
HIMT1974 SOLAS
Convention,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas HIMTamended. They
HIMT a HIMT
fundamental safety
HIMT HIMTandHIMT it is HIMT
HIMT essential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthey
that HIMTare
HIMTcorrectly
operated andHIMT HIMT HIMT
properly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained.
Venting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT systems
HIMT HIMTallow vapours
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT released
HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT either:
• At a low velocity, high above the deck from a vent riser; or
• At high velocity from a high velocity valve closer to the deck. This facilitates HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dilution
ofHIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
the HIMT
atmosphere clear
HIMT theHIMT
tanker‘s deck,
HIMT HIMT HIMTVents areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
sited
HIMT HIMT HIMT in locations
HIMT HIMT designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMT
prevent the HIMT
HIMT HIMT accumulation
an HIMT
explosive
HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMTonHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMTdeck or around
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTany accommodation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT
engine
HIMT room housings.
Ship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpersonnel
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe HIMTfully
HIMTconversant
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTthe
HIMToperation andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT maintenance
HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
allHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT components
the HIMT
venting system
HIMT HIMT HIMT and should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe aware
HIMT of its
HIMT HIMT HIMTlimitations in order
HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent overHIMT
or HIMT
underHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressurisation HIMT
of the HIMT HIMT
tank(s) theHIMT HIMT HIMT
system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is serving.
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThaving
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
veryHIMThigh
HIMTvapour
HIMT HIMTpressure, thisHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT factor
HIMT could
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
exceeded
allowance
HIMT HIMTof HIMT25%HIMT isHIMT
likely toHIMT
HIMT be insufficient.
HIMT HIMT HIMTActions
HIMT HIMTto consider
ensure HIMTthe
that HIMTcapacity
HIMT HIMT HIMT
of theHIMTventing
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT isHIMT HIMT
not HIMT HIMT HIMT
exceeded HIMT HIMT
include HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a close
monitoring of vapour line pressures on inerted vessels and limiting loading rates on
non-inerted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vessels
HIMT HIMT throughout
loading period.
HIMT HIMT HIMT It should
HIMT be noted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat the
HIMT vapour
growth
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT increases when
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT levels in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank are HIMT
HIMT HIMT aboveHIMT 80%.
HIMT HIMTOnHIMT
inerted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclose
vessels, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
attention HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMTto
given HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
monitoring HIMT
inert gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressures,
particularly when topping-off during loading operations or on commencing crude oil
washing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTduring discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations.
When HIMT HIMT HIMT
calculating HIMT HIMT
loading rates,HIMT aHIMT HIMT HIMTventing
maximum HIMT HIMTline
HIMTvelocity
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT36HIMT HIMT HIMT
metres perHIMT HIMT HIMT
second should be considered. This flow rate should be calculated for each diameter
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT lineHIMT
used. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT volume
HIMT HIMTthroughputs
HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMTbe aggregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhere a common
HIMT HIMT ventHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
riser
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis used,
HIMT but HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
maximumHIMT HIMT flow
HIMTrate
HIMT should
HIMT HIMTnotHIMTbe
HIMTexceeded anywhere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system.

4.2.4 Cargo Segregation
Unless
HIMT HIMT HIMT expressly,
HIMT HIMT provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTotherwise, tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontaining cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT or residues
HIMT HIMT of cargo
subject
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMTthe
HIMTcode should
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT segregated from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaccommodation, service
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
machinery spaces and from drinking water and stores for human consumption by
means
HIMT HIMT cofferdam, voidHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT space, cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTpump-room,
HIMT HIMT HIMT empty
HIMT HIMTtank, oil tank
HIMT HIMT or other
similar
HIMT HIMT HIMT space.
Cargoes residues of cargoes or mixtures containing cargoes which react in a
hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanner with
HIMT HIMT HIMTother cargoes,
HIMT HIMT residues
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMT
mixtures,
HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
segregated
from such other cargoes by means of a cofferdam, void space, cargo pump-room,
empty tank HIMT
or HIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT a
containing HIMT HIMT HIMT
mutually HIMT HIMT HIMT
compatible HIMT HIMT
cargo. HIMT HIMT pumping
A separate HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
piping systems which should not pass through other cargo tanks containing such
cargoes,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT unless
HIMT HIMTencased in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tunnel and HIMT
HIMT HIMT haveHIMTseparate venting
HIMT HIMT HIMT systems.
HIMT HIMT Cargo
piping
HIMT HIMT not HIMT
HIMT HIMT passHIMT through anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT accommodation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTservice or HIMT
HIMT HIMT machine space
HIMT HIMT HIMTother
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
than cargo pump rooms. Cargoes subject to the code should not be carried in eitherHIMT HIMT HIMT
the fore or aft peak tank
Certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMT beHIMTcontaminated by failing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
ensure thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT theyHIMT
doHIMT
notHIMT
comeHIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMTother cargoes
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT how proper
HIMT segregation
HIMT HIMT techniques
HIMT HIMT HIMT prevent thisHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
contamination
Legislation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMT
expressed in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIMO Chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTBulk Code
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTICS
HIMT tanker
HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
guide
HIMT HIMT HIMT expressly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprohibits
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTplacement
inter-reactive
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMTon both
HIMT HIMTsides of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
bulkhead
There must be an empty tank, a cofferdam or a tank with a cargo neutral to both
products
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin between
HIMT HIMT HIMT"Diagonal
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontact"
HIMT HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMT tanks is HIMT
HIMT HIMT normally considered
HIMT HIMT as HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT sufficient
HIMT HIMTseparation
between reactive cargoesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Complete separation of piping systems are required on a chemical tanker so that
one
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproduct
HIMT HIMT cannot inadvertently
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe pumped
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTanother
Particular
HIMT HIMT HIMT caution
HIMT HIMT HIMT mustHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
exercised toHIMT
HIMT HIMT ensure thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoes areHIMT
HIMT HIMT notHIMT
contaminated
way of common venting systems and how such contamination is preventedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
To this effect strategic pipe bends may have to be removed and blind flanges fitted
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT each
HIMTpipe
HIMT end
Particular
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
exercised to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTincompatible cargoes
HIMT HIMT notHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixed by way of common venting systems and how such mixing is prevented HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsegregation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand compatibility
Why
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT segregation?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT : In the
HIMT case
HIMT HIMTof twoHIMT
HIMT or HIMT
more liquid
HIMT HIMT chemical cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT react
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTone another
HIMT HIMT in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT hazardous manner,
HIMT HIMT HIMT segregation
HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMTdone TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT product
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
data
HIMT HIMT HIMT sheets,
HIMT HIMT together
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTthe
HIMTBCH/IBC Codes
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
be HIMT
studies carefully
determine theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
compatibility HIMT HIMT HIMT
restrictions HIMT HIMT
when HIMT HIMT
carrying HIMT HIMT
different HIMT HIMT
groups of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes.
Regarding
HIMT HIMT HIMT slops
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreacting
HIMT HIMTwith eachHIMT
HIMT HIMT other
HIMTin a hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanner,
HIMT HIMTthese must
HIMT HIMT not
HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
collected in the same slop tank nor transferred through the same pipes.HIMT HIMT HIMT

Compatibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Water
HIMT / Stowage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMTHeated
HIMT HIMTCargoes
Some HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMTare
cargoes HIMTnot
HIMTcompatible
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT may
HIMT HIMT
even HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
reactive HIMTwater
with HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
therefore, due consideration is necessary to avoid stowage of such cargoes adjacent
toHIMT
water
HIMTballast
HIMT HIMT tanks. It is
HIMT HIMT also
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
requirement
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat the
HIMT HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTcoils
HIMTare
HIMTto beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
blown
HIMT HIMT HIMT through,
HIMT HIMT cleaned
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT blanked
HIMT off,
HIMT HIMT HIMTor HIMT
thermal oil used
HIMT HIMT as aHIMT
HIMT HIMT heating medium
It is recommended that a cargo to be heated is not stowed adjacent to cargoes which
have
HIMT HIMT HIMT a low
HIMT HIMT HIMTboiling
HIMT HIMTpoint
HIMTbecause the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT excess evaporation
HIMT HIMT will HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT resultHIMTinHIMT
consequent
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT loss
HIMT HIMT HIMTand possible
HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThazards.
HIMT HIMT HIMT As HIMT
a safe margin,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTmaximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
temperature HIMT HIMTheated
the HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT
mustHIMT be HIMT10°C
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
below the HIMT HIMT HIMT
boiling pointHIMTofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
unheated cargo.
Heated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMT must never
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT stowed adjacent
self-reactive
HIMT HIMTsince
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
excess heating of self-reactive cargoes will shorten the life of the stabilising inhibitorHIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT which the HIMT
HIMT HIMT following
HIMT HIMTitems areHIMT
HIMT HIMT shown
HIMT HIMT mustHIMTbeHIMTgiven by HIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
shipper,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
manufacturer of the cargoes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
NameHIMTand
HIMT amount
HIMT HIMT of
HIMT HIMT HIMT
inhibitor HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
added;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DateHIMTinhibitor
HIMT HIMT was
HIMTadded and
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT length of itsHIMT
HIMT HIMT effectiveness;
 The action to be taken should the length of
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the voyage exceed
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT effective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
lifetime of the inhibitor; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCompany and
HIMT HIMT HIMT Charterers
HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMT informed
HIMT HIMT immediately
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTif a HIMT
product inhibitor
certificate
HIMT HIMT HIMT is not
HIMT HIMT HIMT made
HIMT available.
4.2.5 INHIBITION - CHEMICAL CARGO
Products
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that are HIMT
HIMT HIMT susceptible
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTpolymerization
normally
HIMT HIMTtransported
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTadded
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to
inhibitors HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent theHIMT HIMT of
onset HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reaction
An inhibited cargo certificate should be provided to the ship before a cargo is carried
Action
HIMT HIMT be taken in case
HIMT HIMT of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT polymerization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT situation occurring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhile theHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
on board should be covered by the ship's emergency contingency plan
cargo inhibition:
Polymerization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT takes place
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen a single
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT molecule of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMTcombines withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
another molecule of the same substance to form a dimer. This process can continueHIMT HIMT HIMT
until a long-chain molecule is formed, possibly having many thousands of individual
molecules
HIMT HIMT HIMT (a polymer).
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTmechanism
illustrated
HIMT HIMT for vinyl
HIMT HIMTchloride. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT process
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
can
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe rapid
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT involves the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT generation
HIMT HIMTof a great
HIMT deal
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT heat.HIMTItHIMT
may HIMTbeHIMT
initiated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
spontaneously or may be catalyzed by the presence of oxygen (or other impurities) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or by heat transfer during cargo operations. During polymerization the cargo
becomes
HIMT HIMT HIMT more
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTviscous
HIMT HIMTuntil, finally,
HIMT HIMT a solid
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT unpumpable
HIMT HIMT HIMT polymer mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
formed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPolymerisation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMTbe prevented,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or at least
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTrate
HIMTof may
HIMT beHIMT
HIMT reduced,
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT
adding HIMT HIMT inhibitor
a suitable HIMT HIMT to
HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo.

Inhibitors can HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be toxic.
Those
HIMT HIMT HIMT most
HIMT HIMT HIMTcommonly
HIMT HIMT HIMTused areHIMT
HIMT HIMT hydroquinol (HQ)
HIMTTBC.An inhibitor
certificate
HIMT HIMT HIMT is provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTshipper before
HIMT HIMT departure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from theHIMT
HIMT HIMT loading port
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stating:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Name HIMTand
HIMTamount
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
inhibitor added.
2. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DateHIMTinhibitor was
HIMT HIMT HIMTadded.
3. HIMT
AnyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
limitation HIMT HIMTinhibitor.
affecting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4. The action to be taken should the length of the voyage exceed the
effective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT lifetime
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTinhibitors.
Polymerisation canHIMT HIMT HIMT
happen by HIMT
:-- HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT initiator
HIMT ( reaction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpartner
HIMT HIMT ) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Heat
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (HIMT
thermic polymerization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (HIMT
Light HIMTpolymerization
photo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Radiation
HIMT HIMT HIMT ( radiation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpolymerization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich polymerise
HIMT HIMT form
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT complex aggregates
HIMT HIMT HIMT called
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpolymers byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
combination of two or more identical molecules from the original chemical which is aHIMT HIMT HIMT
monomer.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Monomers
HIMT HIMT HIMT among HIMT the
HIMT purest organic
HIMT HIMT chemicals
HIMT HIMT produced.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Inhibitors
converted
HIMT HIMT HIMT to free
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT radicals halt HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a second
HIMT HIMTreaction chain.
HIMT HIMT Inhibitors
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreact withHIMT
HIMT HIMT reactive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
intermediates
HIMT HIMT HIMT thusHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT removing
HIMT HIMT them fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
reaction.
.Some
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunsaturated
HIMT HIMT HIMT compounds
oneHIMT
orHIMT
more
HIMTdouble
HIMT HIMTbondings areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT able
polymerise,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlike-- Vinyl
HIMT HIMT compounds,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTVinyliden compounds,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAcryl compounds,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT compounds
Carbonyl HIMT HIMT HIMT (HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
eg:aldehyde HIMT HIMT HIMT
), Styrene, HIMT HIMT
Ethylene HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ propylene HIMTEthylene,
oxide, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Propylene, Isobutylene, Butadiene, Isoprene.
Chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlike
HIMTAcetone Cyanohydrin
HIMTLacto Nitrile
HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT decompose
HIMT HIMT HIMT
stabilized HIMT HIMT HIMT
by inorganic acidHIMT HIMT HIMTdecomposition
to prevent HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT HIMT HIMTgas
poisonous HIMTwill
HIMTevolve.
Inhibitors
HIMT HIMT HIMT usually Amines,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Phenols
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT Quinones.
Few
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexamples are—
TBC/ HIMT
p-Tert HIMT HIMT
Butyl HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Catecol---slightly HIMT HIMT
soluble HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in water
HQ/ Hydroquinone---soluble in water
MEHQ/
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHydroquinone Mono
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Ethyl Ether----slightly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsoluble
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
water.
24M6BP/
HIMT HIMT HIMT 2.4 Dimethyl
HIMT HIMT HIMT 6 Tert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTButyl Phenol---insoluble
water
Drying veg oils: even this is a sort of polymerization where molecules link together in
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT longHIMT
chain
HIMTmaking
HIMT HIMTthe oily
HIMT HIMTresidue
HIMT HIMTmore
HIMTbinding
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtenacious.
Stabilizers
HIMT HIMT HIMT prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT a compound
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from
HIMTchanging its chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT nature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
They—
retard the chemical reaction
preserve chemical equilibrium
act as anti oxidants

keep
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pigments
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
otherHIMTcompounds
emulsion
HIMT HIMT form
prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcolloids
HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTprecipitating
4.2.6 Importance of cargo compatibility
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMT contaminate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTanother
HIMT HIMTcargo or HIMT
HIMT HIMT odorize
HIMT another cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT incompatible
cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcome in contact
HIMTeach other
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT some
Between HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemicals HIMTreactions
violent HIMT HIMT HIMT
may HIMT HIMT HIMT
occur if the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemicals are HIMT
mixed HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
certain proportions. The result may possibly be an eruption and tank rupture
Such
HIMT HIMT HIMT an occurrence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT be
HIMTprevented
Water may also have to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT considered in this
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrespect
Leakages through bulkheads occur at times in any HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanker
Legislation as expressed in the IMO Chemicals Bulk Code and ICS tanker safety
guide
HIMT HIMT HIMT expressly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT prohibits
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTplacement
inter-reactive
HIMT HIMTon both
HIMT HIMTsides of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
bulkhead
There mustHIMTbeHIMT
anHIMT
emptyHIMT HIMT
tank, HIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMT
cofferdam orHIMT HIMT HIMT
a tank withHIMT HIMT HIMT
a cargo HIMT HIMT
neutral to HIMT
bothHIMT HIMT HIMT
products in between. "Diagonal contact" between tanks is normally considered as
sufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT separation
HIMT HIMTreactive
HIMT HIMTcargoes
Complete
HIMT HIMT HIMT separation
HIMT HIMT HIMT of piping
HIMT HIMT HIMT systems
HIMTrequired
HIMT HIMTonHIMTaHIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTtanker soHIMT
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
one HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inadvertently beHIMT HIMT HIMT
pumped HIMT
into HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
another
To this effect strategic pipe bends may have to be removed and blind flanges fitted
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT each
HIMTpipe
HIMT end
Particular
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT exercised to ensure
HIMTincompatible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoes areHIMT
mixed HIMT HIMT
by way HIMT HIMT venting
of common HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT
howHIMTsuchHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is prevented
Transporting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
noxious liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMTchemicals
bulkHIMT
involved various
HIMT HIMT riskHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
factors.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
More important, however, is the complete separation of piping systems so that oneHIMT HIMT HIMT
product cannot inadvertently be pumped into another. Modern chemical tankers will
have
HIMT HIMT HIMT blindHIMT
HIMT HIMT flange valves
HIMT HIMT fitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT. HIMT
Such HIMTa HIMT
blindHIMTflange
HIMT HIMTvalve
HIMT must have
HIMT HIMT HIMT a double
separation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the products
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTaHIMT
drain
HIMTinHIMT
theHIMT
inter
HIMTspace. A single
HIMT HIMT blind
HIMT HIMT HIMTflange
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
notHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
acceptable. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Remember alsoHIMT
toHIMT HIMT HIMT
separate HIMT HIMT
drain lines HIMT
orHIMT HIMT
slop HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
connections
avoid the possibility of cargo mixing.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo inter-
HIMT HIMT HIMTreactions mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT be of type:
a) Chemical reaction: Strong ( inorganic) HIMT HIMT HIMTacid
HIMTplus
HIMT HIMT
alkali HIMT
(orHIMT HIMT HIMT
water) causesHIMT heat,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
e gHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sulphuric
HIMT HIMTacidHIMT plus caustic
HIMT HIMT soda
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
HIMT water.
HIMTTherefore
HIMT HIMT HIMT sulphuric
HIMT HIMTacid mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
notHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT be carried
HIMT HIMTin tanks
HIMT HIMTbordering theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT side shell
HIMT HIMTor
HIMTfilled
HIMTballast tanks.
HIMT HIMT Similarly
sulphuric
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTacid mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
react a number
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexceptHIMT paraffin‘s
(petroleum oils).HIMT HIMT HIMT
Amines HIMT HIMT
( aniline, HIMT HIMT
diethyl HIMT HIMT
amine) mayHIMT HIMTwith
react HIMTesters
( butyl,
acetate,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ethyl acetate).
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCaustic
HIMT HIMT soda
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTreact
HIMT HIMT violently
HIMT HIMTwith acrolein,
acrylonitrile and allyl alcohol.
b) HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Oxidation
HIMT HIMT: HIMT
An Oxygen-rich compound
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlike
HIMTpropylene
HIMT HIMT HIMT oxide
HIMTmay reactHIMT
HIMT HIMT with anHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
amine (e g diethyl amine) or an aldehyde (e g acetaldehyde). An ether (e gHIMT HIMT HIMT
ethyl
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ether)
HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT react
HIMTwith
HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT from a peroxide
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which is HIMT
HIMT HIMT an explosive
hazard.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT etherHIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
inhibited and
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT in an
HIMT HIMT HIMTinerted (NHIMT
HIMT HIMT 2 ) tank.

Toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT vs edible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts
Toxic HIMT HIMT
products mustHIMT HIMT HIMT
never get HIMT
mixedHIMTinto
HIMTedible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
products forHIMT HIMT HIMT
human HIMT HIMT
or cattle HIMT
feed! InHIMT HIMT HIMT
this case minor seepages between tanks might prove disastrous.
IMPORTANT:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Edible
HIMTproducts
HIMTnever be HIMT
HIMT HIMT loadedHIMTwith bulkhead
HIMT HIMT to bulkhead
HIMT HIMT HIMT
contact with toxic cargoes! The piping systerns should be entirely segregatedHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided with double blind flanges.
4.2.7 Atmospheric Control
For oil tankers
Oil
HIMT HIMT HIMTusingHIMTanHIMT inert
HIMTgasHIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTshould maintain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheir
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMTin a non-
flammable condition at all times HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Tanks should be kept in an inert condition at all times, except when it is necessary
for
HIMT HIMT HIMT them
HIMT HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT gasHIMTfreeHIMT
for HIMT
inspection
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
work
Oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontent
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
notHIMT
more than
HIMT HIMT8%
HIMTby volume
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained at aHIMT HIMT HIMT
positive HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
With the use of a flammability diagram that the atmosphere within the tank should
make
HIMT HIMT transition
HIMT HIMT from
HIMTtheHIMT inert
HIMTcondition to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTfree condition
HIMT HIMT without
HIMT HIMT passing
through
HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT condition
Before any HIMTtankHIMTisHIMT
gasHIMT HIMTitHIMT
freed, HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT
be purged HIMTinert
with HIMT HIMT
gas HIMT
untilHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbon
content of the tank atmosphere is below the critical dilution line
FLAMMABILITY:
When HIMT HIMT is
petroleum HIMT HIMT HIMT
ignited, HIMT
it is HIMT
the gasHIMT HIMTisHIMT
that HIMT HIMT HIMTgiven
progressively HIMT HIMT
off HIMT HIMTliquid
by the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT burns
HIMT HIMT HIMTas HIMTa HIMT
visible
HIMT flame.
HIMT HIMT The
HIMTquantity
HIMT HIMT of
HIMTgas
HIMTavailable to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT given
HIMT off HIMT
HIMT HIMT by aHIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdepends
HIMT HIMT on HIMTits volatility
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich is frequently
HIMT HIMT expressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT for purposes
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT comparison
terms HIMT ofHIMT
ReidHIMTVapour
HIMT HIMTPressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMTA more informative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasure
volatility theHIMTTrue HIMT HIMT HIMT
Vapour HIMT HIMTbut
Pressure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT this
unfortunately HIMT is
HIMT
notHIMT HIMT measured.
easily HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgases can HIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
ignitedHIMTand will HIMT
HIMT HIMT burnHIMTonly when
HIMT mixed
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith air in
HIMT HIMT certain
proportions.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIfHIMTthereHIMT isHIMT
too HIMT
littleHIMT
or too
HIMTmuch petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT mixture cannot
HIMT HIMT HIMT burn.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
The limiting proportions, expressed as a percentage by volume of petroleum gas inHIMT HIMT HIMT
air,
HIMTknown
HIMT HIMT asHIMTtheHIMT Lower
HIMT HIMT andHIMTUpper Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLimits.
HIMT HIMTThese
HIMT HIMT limits varyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
according to the different possible components of petroleum gases. For gas mixtures
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT liquids
HIMT HIMT likely
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT encountered
normal
HIMT tanker
HIMT HIMTtrades,
HIMT HIMT the overall
range is from a minimum Lower Flammable Limit of about 1% gas by volume in air to
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT maximum
HIMT HIMT Upper Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT LimitHIMT
of HIMT
about 10%
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTby volume
HIMT in HIMT
HIMT HIMT air. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AsHIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum HIMT HIMT
liquid HIMT HIMTthe
is heated, HIMTconcentration
of gas HIMT
in air HIMT HIMT
above HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
it increases.
The temperature of the liquid at which this concentration reaches the Lower
Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Limit
HIMTisHIMT
known as the
HIMT HIMT HIMTFlashpoint.
FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

There
HIMT HIMT many classification
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystems for defining
HIMTflammability
HIMT HIMT HIMTcharacteristics
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT
petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT liquids,
HIMT HIMT HIMT mostHIMT
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
which are
HIMT based
HIMT on Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand Reid
HIMT HIMTVapour
HIMT HIMTPressure
data.
• Non-Volatile:
Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT HIMT of 60ºC
HIMT HIMT HIMT or above,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as determined
HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the closed cup
HIMT HIMT HIMTmethod
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
testing.
• Volatile : Flashpoint below 60ºC, as determined by the closed cup method of
testing.
HIMT HIMT HIMT If HIMT
HIMT HIMT thereHIMT
is any
HIMT doubt
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
to the
HIMTcharacteristics of a
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo,
HIMT or ifHIMT
HIMT HIMT a non-volatile
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT is being
HIMT HIMT handled
HIMT HIMT at aHIMT
HIMT HIMT temperature above
HIMT HIMT HIMT its Flashpoint
HIMT HIMT minus
HIMT HIMT HIMT 10ºC,
HIMT HIMT it should
be treated as volatile petroleum. Owing to their particular characteristics, residual HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fuel oils should always be treated as volatile
FLAMMABILITY
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDIAGRAM
HIMT HIMT HIMT : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdiagram helps
HIMT HIMT HIMT after
HIMT HIMTtank cleaning
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT when
HIMTventing
HIMT HIMThas
HIMTto
HIMTbeHIMT
started.
HIMT HIMTBefore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
entering
HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTinspection, the
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMThas
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT wellHIMT
ventilated.
HIMT HIMT HIMTVenting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcannot
process HIMT HIMT HIMTplace
take HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediately HIMTtank
after HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning, asHIMT HIMTwill
there HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Hydro
Carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstill
HIMTpresent,
HIMT HIMT and if venting
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT HIMT started, the dilution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith air may
HIMT HIMT passHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
through
HIMTflammable
HIMT HIMT HIMTregion
HIMT HIMTcausing
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
possible
HIMT HIMTdangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMTsituation.
HIMT HIMT HIMTRather,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inerting
continued
HIMT HIMT till
HIMTtheHIMTlevel is safe
HIMT HIMT (point
HIMT HIMT HIMTHHIMT
in the
HIMT bottom
HIMT HIMTline
HIMT of
HIMTthe above
HIMT HIMT HIMT
diagram), and then from this level the venting can start to avoid possible flammableHIMT HIMT HIMT
conditions.
GAS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DENSITY
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgases
HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTmost petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids are
HIMT HIMT heavier
HIMT than
HIMT HIMT HIMTair and
HIMT HIMTinert
HIMT gas, thusHIMT
possibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT of layering
HIMT HIMT HIMT of gases
HIMT HIMT a very
HIMTimportant consideration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin cargo
HIMT handling
operations. HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
density ofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
undiluted HIMTfrom
gas HIMT HIMT HIMTvapour
a high HIMT HIMTpressure
distillate,
such as motor gasoline, is likely to be about twice that of air and about 1.5 times that
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT atypical
HIMT HIMT crude oil.HIMT
HIMT HIMT These density
HIMT HIMT differences
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT diminish as the
HIMT HIMTare diluted
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTair. Flammable
HIMT HIMT mixtures
HIMT HIMT HIMT usually
HIMT HIMT contain
HIMT HIMT at HIMT
HIMT HIMT leastHIMT
90%HIMTby
HIMTvolume
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
airHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
consequently have densities almost indistinguishable from that of air.

For
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTIBC
HIMTCode
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requires HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMT
spaces HIMT
within HIMT HIMT
cargo tanksHIMT
toHIMT
haveHIMT HIMT HIMTcontrolled
specially HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmospheres, principally when the cargo is either air reactive resulting in a
hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT situation, or HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hasHIMT
a HIMT
low HIMTauto-ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature or HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT has HIMT
a HIMT
wideHIMT HIMT HIMT
flammability
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT range
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ForHIMT HIMT HIMT tankers
chemical HIMT HIMTtheHIMTcorrect
atmosphere inHIMT HIMTcan
a tank HIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
established HIMT HIMT
either by HIMT HIMT HIMT
inerting to prevent the formation of flammable mixtures of cargo vapour and air, or by
padding
prevent chemical
HIMT HIMT reaction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTthe
HIMTcargo
It HIMT
also beHIMT
HIMT necessary
HIMT HIMTto reduce
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT humidity (dew
HIMT HIMT HIMTpoint) of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the cargo system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Extent of atmosphere control to protect the quality of the cargo will normally be
specified
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by
HIMTthe cargo
HIMT shippers
Some
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT extremely
HIMT HIMTsensitive to contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT or discoloration,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
quality control reasons are carried under a blanket of nitrogen that is very pure andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT often
HIMT HIMTbeHIMTobtained
HIMT HIMTfrom shore
4.2.8 Gas testing
Circumstances HIMTthe
when HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMTtanks
cargo HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMTspaces
enclosed HIMT HIMT HIMT be
must HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tested as:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT prior tank
HIMT HIMTwashing
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT prior to HIMT
HIMT entry byHIMT
HIMT personnel
• HIMT
to establish thatHIMT HIMT
there isHIMT HIMT
a gas HIMTcondition
free HIMT HIMT HIMT
priorHIMT HIMT HIMT
to repair HIMT entry
work, HIMT HIMT
to aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shipyard or dry-docking
• during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inerting, gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMTand
HIMT purging
HIMT HIMToperations
• as a quality control before loading/changing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Evaluation is the only way to get correct informationHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
about HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
composition theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank atmosphere
Information
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTessential
HIMT HIMTto evaluation
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTas:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
nature
HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT constituent gases
• HIMT
flammability
• toxicity/oxygen deficiency
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT reactivity
Atmosphere
tanks
HIMTor enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMTspaces
HIMT HIMT must
HIMT be
HIMTconsidered
HIMT HIMT HIMTdangerous unless
proper and continuous checks prove otherwise HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
For
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMT control
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank atmosphere,
HIMT HIMT in addition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT oxygen analyser,
explosimeter
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT tank scope
HIMT HIMT HIMTinstruments,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthere is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT requirement for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT an additional
portable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinstrument,
HIMT HIMT HIMT (gas
HIMTdetecting tubes)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor measuring
HIMT toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT HIMTvapour
concentrations
Suitable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
to beHIMT
provided
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
calibrating permanently
HIMT HIMT HIMT installed
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
portable gas measuring appliances
Importance
taking
HIMTmeasurements
theHIMT
atmosphere at several
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpositions within
HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Before
HIMT HIMT HIMT entry
enclosed
HIMT HIMT spaces:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTcontent
HIMT HIMTmust be 21%
HIMT HIMT by volume
• —
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon content must be lessHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT than 1%HIMT
HIMT LFLHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• — toxic gas concentration must be less than 50% of its OEL
After tank washing, manual removal of residue may be necessary

— HIMTthat HIMT residue
HIMT HIMT removal mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT generate
HIMT HIMTmore
HIMThydrocarbon gas HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
— HIMTthat HIMT gas testing
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMTtherefore
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe continuous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bulkheads,
Adjacent HIMT HIMT HIMTpipelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT
leakingHIMT heating
HIMT HIMTcoils
HIMT HIMT
mayHIMT HIMT HIMTadditional
constitute HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sources of hydrocarbon gas
Venting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT / inert gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT supply
HIMTto the
HIMT HIMTtank
HIMT should beHIMT
HIMT HIMT shutHIMToff HIMT
during
HIMTthe testing
Carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT monoxide in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT inert
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTcanHIMTbe a HIMT
HIMT potential
HIMT HIMThazard as during
HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT HIMT freeing
operation carbon monoxide may not be easily displaced from the tankHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
4.2.9 Purpose of MSDS
Understanding of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon
information HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMTSafety
Material HIMT HIMTData
Sheet
(MSDS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ): HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT HIMT HIMT
Material HIMT HIMT
Safety Data HIMT HIMT HIMT
Sheet HIMT HIMT
(MSDS) HIMT
(also HIMT HIMT
known as HIMT
PSDS HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety
(Product HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
data
sheet)
HIMT HIMT HIMT or aHIMT
HIMT HIMT COSHH
HIMT HIMTdata
HIMTsheet in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTUnited Kingdom)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is a form
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT data regarding
the properties of a particular substance. An important component of product
stewardship
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTworkplace safety,
HIMT HIMT HIMT it is HIMT
HIMT HIMT intended to provide
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTworkers
HIMT HIMT and emergency
personnel with procedures for handling or working with that substance in a safe
manner,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTincludes information
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as physical
HIMT HIMT dataHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT (melting point,
HIMT HIMT HIMTboiling
point,
HIMT HIMT HIMT flash
HIMT HIMT point,
HIMT HIMT etc.), toxicity,
HIMT HIMT health
HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects,
HIMT HIMTfirst
HIMTaid,
HIMTreactivity, storage,
HIMT HIMT HIMT disposal,
protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
MSDS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis carried
HIMT HIMTonboard
HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTensuring
HIMT HIMT the HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
marineHIMTenvironment and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprovides
seafarers.MSDS HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
useful HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
accessible HIMT HIMT HIMT
information HIMTproduct
on the HIMT HIMTcarried
on board, either as a cargo or for operational purposes.MSDS is to be carried out for
allHIMT
HIMT HIMThazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT material
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMTonHIMT
board
HIMT along withHIMT
HIMT HIMT proper personal
protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equipments (PPE)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTso
HIMTthat
HIMTin HIMT
the HIMT
timeHIMT
of emergency,
HIMT HIMT HIMTappropriate
procedures andHIMT HIMTresponse
swift HIMT HIMT HIMT
canHIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT
achieved HIMT situation.
in that HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Legislative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Requirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AsHIMTperHIMT
SOLASHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT5-1
regulation HIMTcomplying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with HIMT
ISM HIMT HIMT
code, HIMT HIMT
Merchant HIMT HIMT
ships are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mandates to carry MSDS onboard
MATERIAL HIMT HIMT
SAFETY HIMT HIMT
DATA HIMT HIMT
SHEET HIMT HIMT
(MSDS) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
FORMAT
1.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT IDENTIFICATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOF HIMTTHE SUBSTANCE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT/ PREPARATION ANDHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT COMPANY
UNDERTAKING
Product HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Name:
Product
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Information:
Company
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTName:
Address:
Phone No.
Fax No.

2.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT COMPOSITION / INFORMATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ON
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT INGREDIENTS
Chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTName:
Product HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Code:
Hazardous Ingredients / Components:
CAS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT No.
Other
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTComponents: RiskHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Phrases & HIMT
HIMT HIMT Symbol
For e.g.: Xi = Irritant, R36 = Irritating toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT R37
eyes, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
= Irritating HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
respiratory
system, R38 = Irritating to skin
3.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Health: Inhalation HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Skin Contact
EyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contact
Ingestion
Fire:
4.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT FIRST – AID
HIMT HIMT MEASURES
Inhalation:
SkinHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Contact:
EyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contact:
Ingestion:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.HIMT HIMT
FIREHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
FIGHTING HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
MEASURES
Extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT media:
FireHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Fighting Protective
HIMT HIMT Equipment:
Specific
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Hazards:
6.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ACCIDENTAL
HIMT HIMT HIMT RELEASE
HIMT HIMT HIMTMEASURES
Personal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT precautions:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT precautions:
Environmental HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Method for cleaning up:
7.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HANDLING AND
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSTORAGE
Handling:
Storage
8.HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT EXPOSURE CONTROL
HIMT HIMT HIMT / PERSONAL
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPROTECTION
Engineering measures: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Respirators
EyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Protection
Personal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT protective
HIMT HIMT equipment:
Gloves HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Safety glasses
Occupational
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT – HIMT
HIMT Hazardous
HIMT HIMTIngredients
HIMT HIMT HIMT
9.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PHYSICAL AND HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
CHEMICAL HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PROPERTIES
Appearance:
Form:
Colour:

Odour:
PHHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (Value):
Boiling HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Point:
Melting Point:
Flash
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPoint:
Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Limits:
Auto Ignition Temperature:
Explosive Properties:
Oxidising
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Properties:
Vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Pressure
HIMT HIMT (mm
HIMT HIMT HIMTHg):
Density (g/ml): HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Solubility (Water):
Solubility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (Other):
Partition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Coefficient:
10.
HIMT HIMT HIMT STABILITY
HIMT HIMT AND
HIMT HIMT HIMT REACTIVITY
Hazardous Reactions:
Hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Decomposition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTProduct(s):
Conditions HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to avoid:
Materials
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT
HIMT HIMT avoid:
11.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TOXICOLOGY
HIMT INFORMATION
Inhalation (LC50): HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Skin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contact
HIMT (Dermal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT– HIMT
LD50):
EyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Contact:
Ingestion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (Oral
HIMT HIMT – LD50)
12.
HIMT HIMT HIMT ECOLOGICAL
HIMT INFORMATION
Environmental
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Hazards:
Persistence andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Degradation:
Toxicity:
Effect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon Effluent
HIMT Treatment:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
13. HIMT HIMT HIMT
DISPOSAL HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
CONSIDERATIONS
Product & contaminated packaging:
14.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TRANSPORT
HIMT INFORMATION
IATA: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ADR:
IMO:
UNHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT NO.:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Classification
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTlabeling
HIMT HIMTDanger symbol:
Danger
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Label:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT phrases:
Safety HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
16. OTHER INFORMATION


5.1 HIMT HIMT HIMT
Function andHIMT HIMT HIMT
proper HIMT of
use HIMTgas
HIMT measuring
instruments and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
similar
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
GAS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT METERS:
1. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT EXPLOSIMETER OR
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT COMBUSTIBLE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTGAS HIMTINDICATOR:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AnHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
explosimeter is HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
a device HIMT HIMTis HIMT HIMT to
used HIMTmeasure
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
amount
combustible gases present in a sample. The device operates on the principle of
resistance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT proportional
HIMT HIMT HIMT to heat
HIMT HIMT HIMT -- aHIMT
HIMT HIMT wire
HIMTisHIMT
heated, andHIMT
HIMT HIMT a sample
HIMT HIMT of
HIMTthe gas
HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
introduced to the hot wire. Combustible gases burn in the presence of theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hotHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
wire, thus increasing the resistance and disturbing a Wheatstone bridge, whichHIMT HIMT HIMT
gives
HIMTreading.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
A HIMT HIMT HIMT
sample HIMTis
of gas HIMT HIMT HIMT
drawn intoHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
sample HIMT HIMT
chamber HIMT HIMT
using the HIMT
handHIMT HIMT HIMT
pump. AnyHIMT HIMT HIMT
combustibles
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT land on HIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
surface
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
theHIMThotHIMT
wire
HIMTand burnHIMT
HIMT HIMT increasing theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature of the wire thereby increasing the resistance. This causes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT anHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
imbalance in the wheatstone bridge arrangement indicated on the display. ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
display is scaled in percent lower explosive limit and is calibrated for
hydrocarbons.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Calibration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gasHIMT
usedHIMTto HIMT
check
HIMTthe
HIMTaccuracy of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT meter.
HIMT HIMTInHIMT HIMT HIMT
addition
HIMT HIMT unit
HIMT must
HIMT HIMTbe landed
HIMT on HIMT
HIMT HIMT a regular
HIMT HIMTbasis
HIMTfor formal
HIMT calibration

Schematic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdiagram
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTbe asHIMT
HIMT follows:
Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fitted
HIMT HIMT onHIMT
HIMT to HIMT
the explosimeter
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis aHIMT
flash
HIMTback
HIMT arrester. If this
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgets clogged,
then
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT meter
HIMT willHIMT
HIMT HIMT be sluggish.
HIMT HIMT HIMTMeter
HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe regularly
HIMT HIMT HIMTserviced
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTthe ship
HIMT HIMTboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
people,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaning
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
filters
HIMT etc. It isHIMT
HIMT HIMT better, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT instrument
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
serviced
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
manufacturer once in 6 months. The explosimeter is limited in its measuring
range.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Its maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT measing
HIMT HIMTvalue willHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
100 HIMT
% ofHIMT
LEL HIMTor equal
HIMT HIMT to value.
HIMT It isHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
sensitive enough to indicate the presence of very slight amounts of flammable
gas. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Checking HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for hydrocarbon gasHIMT HIMT enclosed
during HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT entry
sapce HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
checks must HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
done with an explosimeter.
Explosimeter
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT –Limitations:
The instrument should not be used in the following atmospheres:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT H/CHIMT
gasHIMT
+ inert
HIMT HIMT – noHIMT
gas HIMT burning willHIMT
HIMT HIMT occur
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT H/CHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
+ oxy-acetylene – burning
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTbe
HIMT
tooHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
violent
 H/C gas + oxy-hydrogen – same as above.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Leaded petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours – lead
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxide deposit
HIMT HIMT on the
HIMT HIMT HIMTfilament
HIMT HIMT will
HIMTaffect theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
sensitivity.
2. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TANKSCOPE
HIMT HIMT HIMT: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
A tankscope s HIMT HIMT HIMT
another typeHIMTofHIMT
HCHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
measuring HIMT HIMT HIMT
instrument. It isHIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
capable
working in inerted atmospheres. It is an instrument with a large measuring
range.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMaximum
HIMT HIMT HIMTindication
HIMT HIMT will
HIMT usually
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT100
HIMT%HIMTbyHIMT
volume of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HC.HIMTIt isHIMT
notHIMT HIMT HIMT
sensitive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT enough
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT indicate the presence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMT
small amounts
gas. It HIMT
HIMT mustHIMTnotHIMT HIMT HIMT
be used HIMT HIMTwhether
to decide HIMT HIMTan HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
atmosphere safeHIMT
forHIMT HIMTduring
entry HIMT HIMT
anHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
encoled
space entry check.
Principle
working
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
same asHIMT
HIMT thatHIMT
of HIMT
explosimeter,
HIMT HIMT HIMTexcept thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
sample gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
does not burn, but alter the temperature of the heated filament, thereby changes
the resistance

 After each reading flush the sampling line with fresh air.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Recheck volts
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTzero controls
HIMT HIMT frequently.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Protect the HIMT
HIMT HIMT instrument
HIMT HIMTfrom weather
HIMT HIMT as much
HIMT HIMT possible
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTavoid exposure
very wetHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
conditions.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank scope
HIMT is also
HIMT HIMT HIMT fitted withHIMT
HIMT HIMT flash
HIMTback arrestors.
 These arrestors should be checked for clogging.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Clean
HIMTthe
HIMTfilters.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMTthe
Keep HIMT HIMT HIMT
orifice HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
clean
INFRA-RED
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTINSTRUMENTS
Operating Principle
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTInfra-red
HIMT HIMT (IR) sensor
HIMT HIMT HIMTis a transducer
theHIMT
measurement
HIMT concentration ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, by the absorption of infra-red radiation. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour to be monitored reaches the measuring chamber by diffusion or by means of
a pump. Infra-red light radiation from the light source, shines through a window into

the
HIMT HIMT HIMT chamber,
HIMT is reflected
HIMT HIMT HIMT focussed
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTtheHIMT spherical mirror,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and thenHIMT
HIMT HIMT passes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTanother
HIMT HIMT window and
HIMT HIMT HIMThits
HIMTthe beam
HIMT splitter.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT portion
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMTradiation
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
passes HIMT HIMT
beam HIMTsplitter
HIMT HIMT passes
through a HIMT HIMT HIMT
broad band HIMTinterference
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
filterHIMT HIMT HIMT
(= measuring filter) into the housing cover of the measuring detector and is
converted
HIMT HIMT HIMT intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT an HIMT
electric
HIMT signal.
HIMT HIMT The portion
HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMTthe radiation
HIMT HIMT HIMTreflected by the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
splitter
HIMT HIMT HIMT passes
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT reference
HIMT HIMTfilter
HIMTto reach
HIMT the reference
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT detector.
HIMT HIMT If theHIMT
HIMT gasHIMT
mixture
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
in the chamber contains hydrocarbons, a part of the radiation is absorbed in theHIMT HIMT HIMT
wavelength range of the measurement filter, and a reduced electric signal is given.
AtHIMT
same time,HIMT
HIMT HIMT the signal
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT reference
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT detector
HIMT HIMTremains unchanged.
HIMT HIMT HIMT GasHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT is determined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT comparing the relative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT values
HIMT HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTreference
indicator HIMT the
HIMTmeasuring
detector.
Differences in the output of the IR light source, dirt on mirrors and windows as well
asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT dust ofHIMT
HIMT aerosols contained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT airHIMT
have anHIMT
HIMT identical impact
HIMT HIMT on both
HIMT HIMT detectors
and
HIMTtherefore
HIMT HIMT compensated.
Instrument
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCheck Procedures
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinstrument
HIMT HIMT HIMT should be HIMT
HIMT HIMT checked using
HIMT HIMT aHIMT
HIMT checkHIMTgas
HIMTofHIMT
a known mixture
HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons. TheHIMT
IR HIMT HIMTdoes
sensor HIMT HIMT
not HIMT HIMTthe
require HIMTpresence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of air orHIMT HIMT
inert gasHIMT
in HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
gas
HIMT as itHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is reliant
HIMT HIMTsolely
HIMT on
HIMTthe
HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTmolecules.
HIMT HIMT HIMTInHIMT
general,
these instruments are very stable and require little maintenance. Calibration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be
HIMT HIMT HIMT
frequently checked in accordance with the manufacturer‘s instructions and Safety HIMT HIMT HIMT
Management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System
HIMT HIMT procedures.
3. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OXYGENHIMT HIMTANALYSER:
1. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Paramagnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMTtype (Munday
HIMT HIMT cell)

HIMT HIMT HIMTParamagnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Oxygen
HIMT HIMTSensors
Within HIMT
this HIMT HIMT HIMT
category, theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor
magnetodynamic HIMT`dumbbell'
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
type HIMTdesign
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
predominate sensor type. Oxygen has a relatively high magnetic susceptibility as
compared
HIMT HIMT HIMT otherHIMTgases
HIMT HIMT such
HIMT as
HIMTnitrogen, helium,
HIMT HIMT HIMT argon,
HIMT HIMT etc.HIMT
HIMT HIMT and displays
paramagnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMT behavior.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTparamagnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen sensor
HIMT HIMT consists
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT a cylindrical
shaped container inside of which is placed a small glass dumbbell. The dumbbell HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen and suspended on a taut platinum wire within
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT non-uniform
HIMT HIMT HIMTmagnetic
HIMT HIMT field. The
HIMT HIMT dumbbell
HIMT is designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT move HIMTfreely as HIMT
HIMT HIMT it isHIMT HIMT HIMT
suspended
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from the HIMT
HIMT HIMT wire.HIMT When a sample
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMT is processed
through HIMTsensor,
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMToxygen
molecules areHIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
attracted theHIMT HIMT HIMT
stronger ofHIMT
theHIMT
twoHIMT HIMT HIMT
magnetic fields. This causes a displacement of the dumbbell which results in the
dumbbell
HIMT HIMT HIMT rotating.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTA HIMT precision optical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconsisting
a light source,
photodiode,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTamplifier
HIMT HIMT HIMTcircuit
HIMTis used
HIMT HIMT to measure
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMT degree
HIMT HIMT of rotation
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
dumbbell. In some paramagnetic oxygen sensor designs, an opposing current isHIMT HIMT HIMT
applied
restore the
HIMT HIMT HIMT dumbbell to its
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnormal
HIMT HIMTposition. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT current required
maintain the dumbbell in it normal state is directly proportional to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT partial pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT oxygen and
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT represented
HIMT HIMT HIMT electronically
HIMT HIMT HIMTin percent
HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen.
HIMT HIMTThere
HIMT HIMTareHIMTdesign
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
variations HIMT HIMT HIMT
associated HIMT HIMT
with the HIMT HIMT HIMT
various HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
manufacturers ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
magneto HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dynamic
paramagnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sensors.
HIMT HIMT Also,
HIMT HIMT HIMTother types
HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMTsensors
HIMT HIMThave been
HIMT HIMT developed
that use the susceptibility of oxygen to a magnetic field which include
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the thermo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
magnetic or `magnetic wind' type and the magneto pneumatic sensor. In general,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
paramagnetic oxygen sensors offer very good response time characteristics and useHIMT HIMT HIMT
noHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT consumable
HIMT HIMT HIMT parts, making
HIMT HIMT HIMT sensor
HIMT HIMTlife,
HIMTunder normal
HIMT HIMT conditions,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTquite good.
HIMT HIMT HIMTItHIMT
alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
offers
HIMT HIMT HIMT excellent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprecision
HIMT HIMT HIMT over
HIMTaHIMT
range of 1%
HIMT HIMT to 100%
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen.
HIMT HIMTThe magneto
dynamic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsensor
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
quite
HIMT delicate
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTisHIMT
sensitive
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
vibration
HIMT HIMTand/or position.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDueHIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
the loss in measurement sensitivity, in general, the paramagnetic oxygen sensor is
not
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrecommended
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMTtrace oxygen
HIMT HIMT measurements.
HIMT HIMT Other
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gases
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMT exhibit
magnetic
HIMT HIMT HIMT susceptibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT canHIMT
produce sizeable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasurement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTerrors. Manufactures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
paramagnetic HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMTand
sensors HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
analyzers HIMT HIMTprovide
HIMT HIMTdetails
HIMT HIMTon HIMTthese
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
interfering gases.
2. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Electrolytic typeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT (polarographic cell)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

In HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT this HIMT
typeHIMT
of sensor,
HIMT HIMTboth the anode
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (typically
HIMT HIMTsilver) and
HIMT HIMT HIMTcathode
HIMT HIMT (typically
HIMT HIMT gold)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT immersed in an
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaqueous electrolyte
potassium chloride.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTheHIMTelectrodes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT from
separated HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
sample by aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
semi-permeable HIMT HIMT HIMT
membrane thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
provides theHIMT HIMT HIMT
mechanism to diffuse oxygen into the sensor. The silver anode is typically held at
a potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of 0.8V
HIMT HIMT HIMT (polarizing
HIMT HIMT voltage)
HIMTrespect
HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT gold cathode.
HIMT HIMT HIMTMolecular
oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT HIMT consumed
HIMT HIMTelectrochemically withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT anHIMTaccompanying flowHIMT
electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
current directly proportional to the oxygen concentration based on Faraday‘s law.HIMT HIMT HIMT
The current output generated from the sensor is measured and amplified
electronically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto provide
HIMT a percent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMTmeasurement.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OneHIMTofHIMT
theHIMTadvantages
of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTpolarographic oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sensor
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT HIMT that HIMT
while
HIMT inoperative,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT there
HIMTisHIMT
noHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
consumption of the electrode (anode). Storage times are almost indefinite.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Similar to the galvanic oxygen sensor, they are not position sensitive. Because of
theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT unique design
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTpolarographic oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sensor,
HIMT HIMT it is HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
sensorHIMT of
HIMTchoice
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
forHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT dissolved oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasurements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inHIMT
liquids.
HIMT HIMTFor gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT phase oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
measurements, the polarographic oxygen sensor is suitable for percent levelHIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT measurements
HIMT HIMT only.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMTrelatively
HIMT HIMT high sensor
HIMT HIMT replacement
HIMT HIMT frequency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
another potential drawback, as is the issue of maintaining the sensor membrane
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT electrolyte.
4. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MULTIHIMTGAS ANALYSER
Description
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmulti-gas detector
HIMT HIMT HIMT is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT setHIMT
of portable gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT detector, which
HIMT HIMT consists
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof two
HIMT main
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
components
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-HIMT
a manually operated
HIMT HIMT HIMT bellows
HIMT HIMT pump
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT detector
HIMT HIMTtubes. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT typesHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
detector tubes available in the Service include Polytest; Carbon Monoxide; Chlorine;
Hydrocyanic
HIMT HIMT HIMT Acid;HIMTHydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sulphide;Benzene,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ; Trichloroethylene;
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThioether;
Organic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTBasic
HIMT HIMTNitrogen Compounds;
HIMT HIMT HIMT Organic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTArsenic
HIMT HIMTCompounds
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTArsine;
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Phosgene; HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cyanogen HIMT HIMT
Chloride andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Phosphoric Acid,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Esters.
Function
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmulti-gas detector
HIMT HIMT HIMT is used
HIMT HIMT to detect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtargeted
HIMT HIMTgases andHIMT
HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMTin HIMT
cargo
HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and other confined spaces. The detector tubes are glass vials filled with a chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reagent that reacts to a specific chemical or family of chemicals. A calibrated 100 ml
airHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT sample is drawn
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe detection
HIMT HIMT HIMTtube withHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
bellows pump.
HIMT HIMT HIMTIfHIMT
theHIMT
targeted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical(s)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT
present theHIMT
HIMT HIMT reagent in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT tube changes
HIMT HIMT color
HIMT HIMT HIMT and the HIMT
HIMT HIMT length
HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
color change typically indicates the measured concentration. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Multi-gas HIMT HIMT
Detector HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDifferent
Kit HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
types HIMT HIMT HIMTTubes
Detector HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Electrochemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sensors
Electrochemical sensors
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMT based on
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT fact
HIMT that
HIMT HIMTcells canHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
constructed thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
react with the measured gas and generate an electric current. This can be measuredHIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMTamount
HIMT HIMTof gas
HIMT determined
HIMT asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a result. The
HIMT HIMT HIMTsensors
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT low costHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
small
HIMT HIMT HIMT enough
HIMT HIMT to allow
HIMT HIMT several
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT incorporated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinto the same
HIMT HIMT instrument,
HIMT HIMT making
them
HIMT HIMT HIMT for use
HIMT HIMT HIMTin multi
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTdetectors.
There
HIMT HIMT numerous
HIMT HIMTelectrochemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsensors
HIMT HIMTavailable, covering
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa HIMT
number of gases
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT present in HIMT
HIMT HIMT the shipboard environment,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT such as,HIMT
HIMT HIMT ammonia,
HIMT HIMThydrogen
sulphide,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT carbon
HIMT HIMTmonoxide, carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT dioxide
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT sulphur dioxide.
The electrochemical sensors may be used in stand-alone instruments, which may
provide a warning at a predetermined concentration of vapour, or they may be fitted

inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a multisensory
HIMT HIMT HIMT instrument
provide a reading
HIMT concentration
HIMT vapour,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
usually
HIMT HIMT parts perHIMT
HIMT million (ppm).
These sensors may give erroneous readings due to cross-sensitivity. This occurs for
example,
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMT measuring
HIMT toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT gases
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT present,
HIMT HIMT for example,
H2S
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT presence
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
nitric
HIMT oxide andHIMT
HIMT HIMT sulphur dioxide.
FIXED GAS DETECTION INSTALLATIONS
Fixed
HIMT HIMT detection
HIMT HIMT installations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThaveHIMTbeen employed
HIMT HIMT on petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT
monitor the flammability of the atmosphere in spaces such as double hullHIMT
spaces,
pump rooms and pipe tunnels in double bottoms.
Three
HIMT HIMT HIMT general
HIMT HIMT arrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave been
HIMT HIMT developed
HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT fixedHIMT
monitoring installations,
as follows: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT A multiplicity
HIMT HIMT HIMTof sensing
HIMT HIMT HIMTdevices
HIMT HIMT is
HIMTdistributed
HIMT HIMT HIMTthroughout the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMTto beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
monitored.
Signals HIMT
are HIMT HIMT
taken HIMT HIMT HIMT
sequentially fromHIMT
themHIMT
byHIMT HIMT HIMT
a central HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
control.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT A gasHIMTmeasurement system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is installed
theHIMT
central control
HIMT HIMT HIMTroom. Samples
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
atmospheres to be checked are drawn sequentially, usually by vacuum pump,
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsample
HIMT HIMTlines to the
HIMT HIMT central
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas measurement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem.
HIMT HIMTItHIMT
is HIMT
important
ensure that there is no leakage of air into the system which would dilute the samplesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcause misleading
HIMT HIMT readings.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Infra-red sensors
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare located
theHIMT
space being
HIMT HIMT HIMTmonitored and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe electronics
necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT processing theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT signals areHIMT
HIMT HIMT located in HIMT
HIMT HIMT a safe location,
HIMT HIMT usually
HIMT HIMT
central control room.
PERSONAL
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTGAS MONITORS:
Multi gas instruments may also be supplied as compact units fitted with an alarm
function
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor personal
HIMT HIMT HIMT use during
HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT entry.
HIMT These
HIMT HIMT HIMTpersonal monitors
HIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
capable
continuously
HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasuring
content of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTby
HIMTdiffusion.
HIMT HIMT They
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
usually HIMT HIMT
employ upHIMT HIMT HIMT
to four HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
electrochemical HIMT HIMT
sensors andHIMT HIMT automatically
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
provide
an audible and visual alarm when the atmosphere becomes unsafe, thereby giving
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT wearer
HIMT adequate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwarning
HIMT HIMTof unsafe
HIMT conditions.
Disposable HIMT HIMTgas
personal HIMTmonitors
are now HIMT HIMT
available. HIMT usually
They HIMT HIMTprovide
HIMT HIMTprotection
against a single gas and are available for low oxygen level, and high concentrations
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTother toxic
HIMT HIMT vapours.
HIMT HIMT HIMTTjhe unitsHIMT
HIMT HIMT should provide
HIMT HIMT bothHIMT
HIMT HIMT audible andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
visual
HIMT HIMT HIMT warning
HIMT HIMT at HIMT
HIMT HIMT specified
HIMT HIMT levels of vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentration,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich should
HIMT HIMT be at
HIMT HIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
below the TLV-STEL for the monitored vapour. Typically, these monitors weigh lessHIMT HIMT HIMT
than 100 grams an have a life of about 2 years.


5.2 HIMT HIMT
Proper useHIMTof
HIMT HIMT HIMT
safety HIMT HIMT HIMT and
equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
protective HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
devices,
including:
HIMT HIMT HIMTBreathing apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank-evacuating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
SCBA-Self Contained Breathing Device
Goggles

EEBD-
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTEscape
HIMT HIMTBreathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT Device
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT General
Breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT apparatus,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT positive
HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMTtype, should
HIMT HIMT HIMTalways beHIMT
HIMT HIMT used
HIMTwhenever
it is necessary to make an emergency entry into a space which is known toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT contain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toxic vapours or gas or to be deficient in oxygen, and/or is known to contain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contaminants which cannot be effectively dealt with by air purifying equipment, Entry
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT only
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMTpermitted in-exceptional
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcircumstances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen no other
HIMT HIMT practicable,
safe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalternative
HIMT HIMT HIMT exists.
Self Contained breathing Apparatus
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT consists of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT portable
HIMT HIMTsupply
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
compressed
contained in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cylinder
cylinders
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT attached to aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT carrying frame
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT harness worn
theHIMT
user.
HIMTAir is HIMT
HIMT provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
theHIMT
userHIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
through faceHIMT HIMT HIMT
mask whichHIMTcan
be adjusted HIMT HIMT
to give an HIMT HIMT fit.
airtight HIMTAHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gauge
HIMT HIMT indicates the pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in the
HIMTcylinder
HIMT HIMT and an audible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalarm sounds
when
HIMT HIMT supply
HIMTin running
HIMT HIMT HIMTlow.
HIMTOnly
HIMT positive
HIMT HIMT pressure type
HIMT HIMT HIMT sets
HIMT are
HIMT HIMTrecommended
for
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuse
HIMTinHIMT
enclosed
HIMT HIMTspaces
HIMT HIMTasHIMT these,
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
their
HIMTname implies,
HIMT HIMT maintain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
positive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT within
pressure HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT
face HIMT HIMT
mask at allHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
times.
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT using
HIMT HIMT HIMT the equipment,
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT following should
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT HIMT noted:
HIMT The pressure
HIMT HIMT gauge
must be checked before use. The operation of the audible low pressure alarm
should be tested before use. The face mask must be checked and adjustedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
jensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat it is
HIMT HIMT airtight.
HIMT HIMT HIMTInHIMT
this
HIMT regard,
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTpresence
anyHIMTfacial
HIMThair mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
adversely
HIMT HIMT HIMT effect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTmask‘s
HIMT HIMTseal and,
HIMT HIMTthis
HIMTbe
HIMT the
HIMTcase, another
HIMT HIMT person
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe selected
HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT wearHIMT the
HIMTapparatus.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT gauge should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
monitored frequently during use to check on remaining air supply.

Ample
HIMT HIMT HIMT time
HIMT HIMT beHIMTallowed for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT getting out HIMT
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the HIMT hazardous atmosphere.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT any
HIMTevent,
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTuser
HIMT HIMTmust
HIMT leave
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT if the HIMTlow pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalarm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It
sounds. HIMT HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
remembered thatHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
duration ofHIMT
theHIMT
airHIMT HIMT HIMT
supply HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
depends
on the weight and fitness of the user and the extent of his exertion. If the user
suspects
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT at
HIMTany
HIMTtime thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
equipment mayHIMT
be HIMT
operating
HIMT HIMT satisfactorily
HIMT HIMT HIMTor beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
concerned
integrity of the
HIMT HIMT face
HIMT HIMTmask
HIMT seal mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT be damaged,
HIMT HIMT HIMT he HIMT
shouldHIMTvacate theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
space HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediately.
Air
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLine Breathing
HIMT HIMT Apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Air line breathing apparatusHIMT
enables HIMT HIMT HIMT
compressed airHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment to be HIMT HIMTfor
used HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
longer
periods than would be possible using self-contained equipment.
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTconsists of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT face mask
HIMT HIMTwhich is supplied
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by HIMT airHIMT
through
HIMT HIMTa small diameter
HIMT HIMT HIMT
hose leading outside the space where it is connected to either compressed air cylindersHIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT an air
HIMTline
HIMTserved
HIMT HIMTby HIMT
a compressor.
HIMT HIMT HIMT If the
HIMTships air supply
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is used,
HIMT HIMTit isHIMT
essential that
HIMT HIMT it isHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
properly filtered and adequately monitored for toxic or hazardous constituents. The hose
attached
HIMTthe
HIMTuser
HIMTbyHIMTmeans
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
a beltHIMTor
HIMT other arrangement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which HIMTenables
HIMT HIMT rapid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in
disconnection HIMTanHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency. HIMT HIMT
Air supply toHIMT
the HIMT
faceHIMTmask HIMTis HIMT HIMT HIMT
regulated by HIMT HIMT
a flow HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
control
valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or office.
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the air supply
HIMT is from
HIMT HIMT HIMT a compressor,
arrangement
include
HIMTandHIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTsupply
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
or air in cylinders for use in the event of the compressor failing. In such an emergency, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
user
HIMT HIMT be
HIMTsignalled
HIMT HIMTto HIMTvacate theHIMT
HIMT HIMT space
HIMTimmediately.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A trained
HIMT HIMT and competent
person
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT be in control
theHIMT
air line
HIMTpressure and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT be alert
HIMTto HIMTtheHIMT
need HIMTtoHIMT
change overHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
alternative
HIMT HIMT supply should
HIMT HIMT HIMTnormal
HIMT HIMTworking pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT notHIMT
be HIMT
maintained.
When
HIMT HIMT air HIMT
HIMT HIMT lineHIMT
breathing apparatus:
Check
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTensure
HIMT HIMTthat the HIMT
HIMT HIMT faceHIMTmask is HIMT
HIMT HIMT adjusted
HIMT HIMT toHIMTbeHIMTairtight. Check
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure
working HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
before HIMT HIMT
each use.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Check theHIMTaudible
HIMT HIMT low HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalarm
pressure HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
before each use.To avoid damage, keep the air lines clear of sharp projections.
Ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTair
HIMThose does
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMTexceed
HIMT HIMT 90HIMT
metres
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
length.
Cartridge ofHIMT HIMT HIMTFace
Canister HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Masks
These units, which consist of a cartridge or canister attached to a face mask, are
designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT to purify
HIMT HIMT air of
HIMT specific
HIMT HIMT contaminants.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It isHIMT
important
HIMT HIMTthat HIMT they are HIMT
HIMT HIMT onlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
used
HIMT HIMT HIMT for their
HIMT HIMT designed
HIMT HIMTandHIMTwithin
HIMT HIMTthe limits
HIMT HIMT prescribed
HIMT HIMT HIMTby manufacturers.
Such unitsHIMT HIMTprotect
will HIMT HIMTtheHIMTuser
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
against HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of hydrocarbon or HIMT
toxicHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapours in excess of their design parameters, or against oxygen deficiency, and they
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT never
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMT used in place
HIMT HIMT of breathing
HIMT HIMT apparatus.
Maintenance
All respiratory protective equipment should be examined and tested by a responsible
officer
HIMT HIMT HIMT at regular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT intervals.
HIMT HIMTDefects
HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
made HIMTgood promptly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTa record kept
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
repairs.
HIMT HIMT HIMT AirHIMT
HIMT HIMT bottles mustHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
recharged
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
soon
HIMT asHIMT
possible
HIMT HIMTafterHIMTuse.
HIMTMasks andHIMT
HIMT HIMT helmets
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaned andHIMT HIMT HIMTafter
disinfected HIMT use.
HIMT HIMT
AnyHIMT HIMTorHIMT
repair HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintenance HIMTbe
must HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carried
out strictly in accordance with the manufacturer‘s instructions.

Stowage
Breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTapparatus
HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT
HIMT HIMT stowed fullyHIMT
HIMT HIMT assembled in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT place
HIMTwhere it is
HIMT HIMT HIMTreadily
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accessible. AirHIMT HIMT should
bottles HIMT HIMTbeHIMT HIMT
fully HIMT HIMT
charged andHIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMTstraps
adjusting HIMT HIMT HIMT
kept HIMT HIMT
slack. UnitHIMT HIMT HIMT
should be sited so as to be available for emergencies in different parts of the ship or the
jetty
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas appropriate.
Training
Practical demonstrations and training in the use of breathing apparatus should be carried
out
give personnel
HIMT experience
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in itsHIMT
HIMT use. Only
HIMT HIMTtrained
HIMT HIMTpersonnel should
HIMT HIMT HIMT use HIMT
HIMT HIMT self-HIMT HIMT HIMT
contained
HIMT HIMT HIMT air line
HIMTbreathing apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsince
HIMTincorrect or inefficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT use
HIMT can
HIMT endanger
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT life.
user‘s HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.2.1
HIMT HIMT HIMT - Spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnotHIMTnormally
entered HIMT
(e.g. HIMT HIMT
double HIMT HIMT cofferdams
bottoms, HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT
pipeHIMT HIMT HIMT
tunnels) are capable of being ventilated to ensure a safe environment when entry
into
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT these spaces
HIMT HIMT is necessary
―Enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces" as HIMT
HIMT HIMT a space which
HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMTany ofHIMT
HIMT theHIMT
following characteristics:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1HIMT HIMT openings
limited HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT
entry andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exit
.2 inadequate ventilation
.3HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is not
HIMTdesigned for continuous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT worker
HIMT HIMToccupancy andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT includes, but
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT not limited
to,HIMT
HIMT spaces,
HIMT HIMT double
HIMT HIMTbottoms,
HIMT HIMT fuel tanks,
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT tanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo pump-rooms,
compressor HIMT cofferdams,
rooms, HIMT HIMT HIMT chain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
lockers, HIMT
void HIMT HIMT
spaces, HIMTkeels,
duct HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inter-
barrier spaces, boilers, engine crankcases, engine scavenge air receivers, sewage
tanks,
HIMT HIMT adjacent
HIMT HIMTconnected spaces.
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlist isHIMT
HIMT not HIMT
exhaustive
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT a listHIMT
HIMT should
HIMT be
HIMTproduced on aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship-by-ship basis
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
identify HIMT HIMTspaces
enclosed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Why
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTenclosed spaces
HIMT HIMT dangerous
HIMT HIMTto enter
HIMT HIMT--HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
No
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTperson should
HIMT HIMT open
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
HIMT enter anHIMT
HIMT enclosed
HIMT HIMTspace unless
HIMT HIMT HIMTauthorized byHIMT
master
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
or the nominated responsible person and unless the appropriate safety procedures HIMT HIMT HIMT
laid down for the particular ship have been followed
Only
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa tank
HIMT orHIMT
HIMT spaceHIMTdeclared gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT freeHIMT
canHIMT
be entered
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTpersonnel without
breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT apparatus
HIMTprotective clothing
Safety HIMT HIMT HIMT
precautions HIMTentering
when HIMT HIMTenclosed
spaces
Precautions for entering cargo pump-rooms during cargo, ballast or tank-cleaning
operations
Function
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT proper
HIMT HIMT use
HIMTof:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompressed-air
self-contained HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbreathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(SCBA)
apparatus HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
— eye protective safety goggles
— emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT escape
HIMT HIMT HIMT breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdevice (EEBD)
—
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a complete set of safety equipment, stretcher
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT tank-
HIMTevacuating equipment
5.2.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT Protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clothing andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
For HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
protection HIMT HIMT HIMT
of personnel HIMT HIMT
engaged in HIMT HIMT and
loading HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations,
discharging HIMT HIMT HIMTthere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must be suitable protective clothing on board
For
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT entering
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTfilled spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT in anHIMT
HIMT emergency there
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMTbe adequate
HIMT numbers
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
protective clothing and safety equipment on board
All equipment for personnel protection must be kept in clearly marked lockersHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTwear appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT protective clothing
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMT involved in cargo
operations
On chemical tankers, there must be respiratory and eye protection equipment for
every
HIMT HIMT HIMT person
HIMT HIMT HIMT on
HIMTboard, forHIMT
HIMT HIMT purposes ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT emergency escape
On
HIMT HIMT HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMTdecontamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT showers andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT eyewash must
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe available
HIMT HIMT HIMTin
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
certain locations on deck HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Stretchers and medical first-aid equipment must be provided on board
Decontamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtowers

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Chemical protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT suits
Below is listed suitable equipment for operational personnel for various typical
cargoes
HIMToperations onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT board:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
a)HIMT HIMT HIMTinvolving
Products HIMT HIMT HIMT
littleHIMT HIMTdanger
or no HIMT HIMTupon
HIMT HIMT
skinHIMT HIMT HIMT
contact, HIMT HIMT HIMT
moderate HIMTtoxity
and relatively high volatility (low boiling point) as e g: petroleum products, petroleum
naphta,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoluene, benzene,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT xylenes, methanol,
HIMT HIMT HIMT acetone,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmethyl
HIMT HIMTethyl ketone,
gasoline,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT styrene
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTRubber
Use: HIMT HIMTboots,
gloves
Have in your pocket for use : (when taking ullages, sampling etc) Plastic goggles
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT breathing
HIMT HIMTapparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT (compressed air type
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 200HIMT
HIMT HIMT atm)
HIMTshould be
HIMT HIMT kept
HIMT HIMTready forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
immediate HIMTifHIMT
use HIMT HIMT
sudden HIMT HIMT
entry intoHIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMTpump
gas-filled HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
room HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
become
necessary. Eye washing bottles available on deck and in pump rooms. Explosimeter
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoximeter available
HIMT HIMT HIMT
b)HIMT HIMT HIMT
Products HIMTaHIMT
with HIMTcorrosive
strong HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
effect onHIMT HIMT HIMT
human HIMT moderate
tissue, HIMT HIMT HIMT
or HIMT
low HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour
toxity as: sulphuric acid, caustic soda, phosphoric acid (eye danger primarily), acetic
acid.

Use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT: HIMT
Goggles
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
faceHIMTshield, oilskin
HIMT HIMT HIMTor apron,
HIMT rubber
HIMT HIMT HIMT boots (trousers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutside), longHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
cuffed
HIMT HIMT HIMT rubber
HIMT HIMT gloves,
HIMT HIMT helmet.
HIMT HIMT EyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT washing bottles
HIMT HIMT available
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon deck
HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT in pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
rooms
c)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Products
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMTinvolve
HIMT HIMTgreat danger
HIMT HIMT upon
HIMT HIMT HIMTskin
HIMTcontact
HIMT HIMT (poisoning)
HIMT HIMT HIMT and highHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoxity as HIMT
HIMT HIMT e g:HIMT phenol,
HIMT HIMTacrylonitrile,
HIMT HIMT HIMT acetone cyanohydrine,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT allyl alcohol,
aniline, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chlorosulfonic acid.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMTopen deck
HIMT HIMT (asHIMT
HIMT a HIMT
minimum):
HIMT HIMTskintight fitting
HIMT HIMT HIMT goggles
HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMT
face shield,
HIMT oilskin,
rubber
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTboots (trousers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT outside), longHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cuffed rubber
HIMT HIMT gloves
HIMT HIMT HIMT(tucked inside
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTjacket
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT helmet.
sleeves), HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.2.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Resuscitators
CircumstancesHIMT HIMT HIMT which
under HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should
a resuscitator HIMT HIMT HIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
used
Proper use of a resuscitator
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT resuscitator is a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT device
HIMTusing positive
HIMT HIMT pressure
inflate
HIMTthe
HIMTlungs of an
unconscious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT person
HIMT HIMTwho is not
HIMT HIMT HIMTbreathing, in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT order toHIMT
HIMT keepHIMTthem oxygenated
HIMT HIMT HIMT
alive
There are three basic types: a manual version (also known as a bag valve mask)
consisting
HIMT HIMT HIMT of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT mask
HIMT and a large
HIMT HIMT hand-squeezed
HIMT HIMT plastic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbulb using
HIMT HIMT ambient
HIMT HIMT HIMTair,
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsupplemental oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT a high-pressure tank
Procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
useHIMT
oxygen resusicitators
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwho
Patients HIMT HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMT
unable HIMT HIMTon
to breathe HIMTtheir
HIMT HIMT
ownHIMT willHIMT HIMT HIMT
require HIMT HIMT
positive HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
move
HIMT HIMT in to
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheir lungs
gaseous
HIMT HIMTexchange
takeHIMT
place. Systems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT HIMT
delivering
HIMT HIMT HIMT this HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT varyHIMT
in complexity
HIMT HIMT HIMT starting
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTaHIMT
basic pocket
HIMT mask
HIMT HIMT HIMTadjunct
HIMT HIMTwhich canHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
usedHIMTby
HIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMT
basically HIMT HIMT
trained firstHIMT HIMT
aider toHIMT HIMT HIMT
manually HIMT HIMT
deliver HIMT HIMT
artificial HIMT HIMT HIMT
respiration withHIMT HIMT HIMT
supplemental oxygen delivered through a port in the mask.
Oil
HIMT are
HIMT HIMT provided
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT Oxygen resuscitators
HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMTuse
HIMTaHIMT
bag-value-mask
(BVM) or Ambu bag, which is a malleable bag attached to a face mask (or invasive
airway such as an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway), usually with a

reservoir
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bag attached,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich is manually
HIMT HIMT manipulated
HIMT HIMT HIMT by HIMT
responsible officer
HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
push
HIMT HIMT HIMT (or
HIMTair)
HIMTinHIMT
to the
HIMT lungs. Automated
HIMT HIMT versions
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
BVM system,
HIMT known
HIMT HIMT HIMT
asHIMT
resuscitator can HIMT
alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
deliver HIMT HIMT and
measured HIMT HIMT HIMTdoses
timed HIMT HIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT
direct toHIMT HIMT HIMT
patient through a facemask or airway.
Instructions
theHIMT
equipment must
HIMT read
HIMTin advance
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMT knowledge
HIMT HIMT HIMTof itsHIMT
HIMT useHIMT HIMT HIMT
exercised.
Methods of resuscitation for conscious and unconscious stages
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSigns
Vital HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- Monitor
. Respiration Rate
. Pulse
HIMT HIMT HIMT Rate
. Blood
HIMT HIMT HIMT Glucose
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLevels (Correct
HIMT HIMT hypoglycemia
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT /HIMT
HypoHIMTstop
HIMTifHIMT
required)
. Oxygen Saturations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
. Temperature
5.2.4
HIMT HIMT HIMT Rescue
HIMT escape equipment
Timely
HIMT HIMT HIMT evacuation
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT resuscitation may
HIMT HIMT HIMT save
HIMT HIMT lives
Proper useHIMT
of HIMT HIMTand
tripods HIMT evacuation
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMThoisting
HIMT HIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT HIMTan
rescue HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
injured
person from a tank or an enclosed space
Pump-rooms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have permanent
HIMT HIMT arrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMT hoisting an HIMT
HIMT HIMT injured
HIMTperson
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
rescue
HIMT HIMT HIMT line

Pump HIMT HIMT
room HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Rescue
5.3.1
HIMT HIMT HIMT Precautions
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtaken when
HIMT HIMT entering
HIMT HIMT enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces
When entering enclosed spaces assess safety conditions with an appropriate
checklist
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTverified
HIMT HIMTby the
HIMT master
No
permitted
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTenter anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT enclosed space
HIMTdefined
HIMT HIMT(cargo
HIMT HIMTspace
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cofferdam, HIMT HIMT
double HIMT HIMT
bottom HIMTetc.)
tank, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unless HIMT HIMT by
authorized HIMTthe
HIMTmaster,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
whoHIMT
hasHIMT HIMT HIMT
ensured that the required checks have been carried out before passing these
compartments
HIMT HIMT HIMT as safe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for entry
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMTspace entry
HIMT HIMT HIMTpermit must
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe completed
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT signed in every
HIMT HIMT caseHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
For entry purposes, steady readings of all the following should be obtained: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
21% oxygen by volume by oxygen content meter not more than 1% of lower
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT (LEL)
HIMT on HIMT
HIMT HIMT a suitably sensitive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT combustible gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT indicator, where
HIMT HIMT
preliminary
HIMT HIMT HIMT assessment
HIMT HIMT HIMT has
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdetermined that
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthere is potential
HIMT HIMT for flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or vapours

not
HIMT HIMT HIMT more
HIMT thanHIMT
HIMT HIMT 50% HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
occupational
HIMT HIMT HIMT exposure limitHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT (OEL) of any
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoxic vapours
and
Irrespective theHIMT HIMTof
type HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
enclosed space,HIMT precautionary
measures for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
entering
tanks shall apply equally to any enclosed space, including the pump-room
Entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT permits
HIMT HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT be made forHIMT
HIMT HIMT multi
HIMTcargo tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT entries on chemical
HIMT HIMT tankers
Requirements HIMT HIMT
for cargo HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
entry
Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT to remain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTopen
HIMTto atmosphere
HIMT at HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT all times to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTventilation.
Rescue
HIMTresuscitation
HIMT HIMT HIMTeasily available
HIMTready for use
Means of communication agreed and tested HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
At least one person of the entry team to carry means of continuously testing the
atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT using a multi
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTpersonal monitor
Communications
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTset HIMT
up between bridge
HIMT HIMT deck
HIMTorHIMTbetween dutyHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT officer andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
enclosed space entry team HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Duty
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofficer
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
be kept informed
HIMT HIMT that
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT entry
HIMT HIMT is in HIMT
HIMT progress
Authorizing officer has verified and signed the entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT permit
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT responsible
HIMT HIMT HIMT crewHIMTmember shall
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmonitor
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTpersonnel who
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave entered
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT space
enclosed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT into HIMT
HIMT HIMT a space thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT is not
HIMTgas
HIMTfree or does
HIMT HIMT not contain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT21% oxygen
HIMT HIMT shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT only beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
permitted in cases of an emergency or for unavoidable operational requirementsHIMT HIMT HIMT
wearing HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
appropriate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PPE
Number
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof persons
HIMT HIMT HIMTentering
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtanks shall
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT kept toHIMT
HIMT a minimum required,
HIMT HIMT HIMT butHIMT
HIMT HIMT willHIMT HIMT HIMT
normally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMTatHIMT
least two,
HIMT HIMT each wearing
HIMT HIMT the appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPPEHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT stand
HIMTby team
HIMT HIMTand additional
HIMT HIMT appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPPEHIMTequipped withHIMT
required rescue
equipment shall be available outside the enclosed space in which entry has been
made
Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfree
HIMT certificate
needed fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT a qualified chemist
HIMT HIMT HIMT before
HIMT HIMT HIMT man entry
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
HIMT a cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin
tank HIMT
portHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
prior workHIMT HIMT HIMT
being HIMT out
carried HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Such certificate and permit must be reissued every day that work is carried out, or
such
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT lesser
HIMT HIMT period as the
HIMT HIMT HIMTport
HIMT authority stipulates.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSPACE
ENCLOSED HIMT HIMT–HIMT
HIMT HIMTENTRY HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PERMIT
HIMT HIMT HIMTG HIMT
eneHIMT
ral HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT• HIMTThHIMT
is pHIMT
ermiHIMT
t is vHIMT
alidHIMTFrHIMT
om HIMT
____HIMT
_hrHIMT
s DaHIMT
te: _HIMT
___HIMT
__ THIMT
o__HIMT
__ hHIMT
rs HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Date
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT : __HIMT
HIMT ___HIMT
___HIMT
____HIMT
___HIMT
___HIMT
_ HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Location of space to be entered_________________________
• Description of work to be done:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________
• Names / ranks authorized to enter:
_ _ _______________________________________________________
_ _ _______________________________________________________
___HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ____ ___HIMT
HIMT ___HIMT
___HIMT
____HIMT
___HIMT
___HIMT
_ HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Section 1 - PRE-ENTRY CHECKS - To be made by Master or
Responsible officer
CHHIMT
HIMT ECK HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1. H
HIMT asHIMT
HIMT theHIMTspaHIMT
ce bHIMT
eenHIMTsegHIMT
regHIMT
atedHIMT
by HIMT
blan kinHIMT
HIMT g ofHIMT
f orHIMT
isolHIMT
atinHIMT
g alHIMT
l HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
coHIMT
HIMT HIMT nneHIMTctinHIMT
g piHIMT
peliHIMT
nes HIMT? YeHIMT
s/NHIMT
o/N A HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
2.HHIMT
HIMT aveHIMT valHIMT
ves HIMT
on aHIMT
ll pHIMT
ipelHIMT
inesHIMTserHIMT
vingHIMTtheHIMT spHIMT
ace HIMT
been seHIMT
HIMT cureHIMT
d to prHIMT
HIMT evenHIMT
t thHIMT
eir HIMT
acciHIMT
denHIMT
tal HIMT HIMT
opening? Yes/No/NA
3.HHIMT
HIMT as tHIMT
he HIMT
spacHIMT
e bHIMT
een HIMT
cleaHIMT
nedHIMT
? Ye s/N
HIMT o/N
HIMT A HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
4.HHIMT
HIMT as tHIMT
he HIMT
spacHIMT
e bHIMT
een HIMT
thoHIMT
rougHIMT
hlyHIMT
venHIMT
tilaHIMT
ted?HIMTYesHIMT
/NoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.PHIMT
HIMT re-eHIMT
ntryHIMT atm osHIMT
HIMT pheHIMT
re teHIMTst rHIMT
eadHIMT
ingsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
OxyHIMT
HIMT HIMT genHIMT
......HIMT
.....HIMT
……HIMT ……HIMT …… ……
HIMT % HIMT
HIMT voluHIMTmeHIMT(21HIMT
%), HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HydHIMT
HIMT HIMT rocHIMT
arboHIMT
n…HIMT……HIMT .....HIMT
.…… ……
HIMT %L
HIMT FL HIMT
HIMT (lesHIMT
s thHIMT
an 1HIMT
% HIMT
of th e LHIMT
HIMT FL),HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ToHIMT
HIMT HIMT xic HIMT
GasHIMT
es..HIMT
......HIMT
..…… HIMT…HIMT
……HIMT…PHIMT
PM HIMT(speHIMT
cifyHIMT
gasHIMT
& PHIMT
EL)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
PerHIMT
HIMT HIMT mittHIMTed lHIMT
imitHIMTas HIMT
per HIMT
newHIMT IMHIMT
O gu ideHIMT
HIMT lineHIMT
s is HIMT
50% of HIMT
HIMT TLVHIMT
(TW A) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
6. HHIMT
HIMT aveHIMTarraHIMT
ngeHIMT
menHIMT
ts bHIMT
eenHIMTmadHIMT
e foHIMT
r freHIMT
queHIMTnt atHIMT
mosHIMT
pheHIMT
rechHIMT
ecksHIMT
to b e mHIMT
HIMT adeHIMT
whiHIMT
le thHIMT
e spHIMT
aceHIMT
is HIMT HIMT
ocHIMT
HIMT HIMT cupiHIMTed aHIMT
nd aHIMT
fter HIMT
workHIMT breHIMT
aksHIMT
? HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTYe s/NHIMT
HIMT o HIMT HIMT
7. HHIMT
HIMT aveHIMTarraHIMT
ngeHIMT
menHIMT
ts bHIMT
eenHIMTmadHIMT
e foHIMT
r theHIMT
spaHIMTce tHIMT
o beHIMT
conHIMT
tinuHIMT
ousHIMT
ly veHIMT
ntilaHIMT
ted HIMT
throu ghoHIMT
HIMT ut thHIMT
e pHIMT
eriodHIMT
of HIMT
ocHIMT
HIMT HIMT cupaHIMT tionHIMT
andHIMT
durHIMT
ing w orkHIMT
HIMT breHIMT
aks?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTYHIMT e s /N o HIMT HIMT
HIMT
8. IHIMT
HIMT s adHIMT
equaHIMT te ilHIMT
lumiHIMT
natio n pHIMT
HIMT rovidHIMT
ed?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTYHIMT e s /N o HIMT HIMT
HIMT
9. IHIMT
HIMT s resHIMT
cueHIMTandHIMTresHIMT
usciHIMT
tatioHIMT
n eqHIMT
uipm entHIMT
HIMT avaHIMT
ilablHIMT
e forHIMT
imm ediHIMT
HIMT a te u se HIMT
HIMT by thHIMT
e enHIMT
tranHIMT
ce tHIMT
o the spHIMT
HIMT ace?HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Y es/HIMT
HIMT No HIMT HIMT
10.HHIMT
HIMT as aHIMT resHIMT
ponHIMT
sibleHIMT
perHIMT
sonHIMT beeHIMT
n deHIMT
signHIMT
atedHIMT to HIMT
stanHIMT
d byHIMT
the HIMT
entrHIMT
anceHIMT
to HIMT
the sHIMT
pacHIMT
e? HIMT HIMT
Yes/HIMT
No HIMT HIMT
11. HIMT
HIMT HasHIMT theHIMT
OfficHIMT
er oHIMT
f the WaHIMT
HIMT tch HIMT
(BridHIMT
ge,HIMT
E/RHIMT
oomHIMT, CaHIMT
rgoC ontHIMT
HIMT rol RHIMT
oom ) beHIMT
HIMT en HIMT
adviHIMT
sed HIMT
of thHIMT
e pla nneHIMT
HIMT d HIMT
e n t ry ?
Yes/No
12. Has a system of communication between the person at theentrance and those entering the space
been agreed and tested? Yes/No
HIMT
13. HIMT
AreHIMT
emeHIMT rgen HIMT
cy aHIMT
nd HIMT
evacHIMT uatiHIMT
on pHIMT
roceHIMT
durHIMT
es eHIMT
stabHIMT
lisheHIMT
d anHIMT
d HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
undHIMT
ersto HIMT
od?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT YesHIMT
/NoHIMT HIMT
HIMT
14. HIMT
Is thHIMT
ereHIMTa syHIMT
stem HIMT
forHIMT
recHIMT
ordinHIMT
g wHIMT
ho isHIMTin tHIMT
he sHIMT
pacHIMT
e? HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT YeHIMT
s/NoHIMT HIMT
15. Is all equipment used of an approved type? Yes/No

Section
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2 -HIMT
PREHIMT -ENHIMT TRY CHHIMT
HIMT ECK S –HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT To
HIMTbe made
HIMT by person
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT authorised
HIMT HIMT HIMTas leader
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
team HIMTentering
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTspace
HIMT HIMT1HIMT
. I HIMT
haveHIMT che ckeHIMT
HIMT d SeHIMTctioHIMT
n 1 HIMT
of thHIMT
is peHIMT
rmitHIMT
hasHIMT beeHIMT
n coHIMT
mpHIMTletedHIMTfullHIMT
y? HIMT HIMT HIMT YeHIMT
s/NoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT2HIMT
. I HIMT
am a warHIMT
HIMT e thHIMT
at thHIMT
e spHIMTaceHIMT
musHIMTt beHIMT
vacHIMT
atedHIMT imm ediHIMT
HIMT atelyHIMTin th e eHIMT
HIMT ventHIMT
of vHIMT
entilHIMT
ation faiHIMT
HIMT lure HIMT HIMT
o r if a tm o sp h e re t e sts c h a n ge f rom a g re e d s af e c rit e ria ?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Y e s /NoHIMT HIMT
3. I have agreed upon the procedure for communication?
Yes/No
HIMT HIMT4HIMT
. I HIMT
havHIMT
e agHIMT
reedHIMT
upo HIMT
n aHIMT repoHIMT
rtinHIMT
g intHIMT
ervaHIMT
l of HIMT
…..HIMT
..minHIMT
ute HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTYHIMT es/N HIMT
o HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT5.I
HIMT HIMT agreed
have HIMT HIMTand
HIMTunderstood
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
evacuation
procedures Yes/NoHIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Signature
HIMT HIMT of
HIMTTeam
HIMT HIMTLeader
HIMT HIMT................................................
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ……
MASTER.................................................. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT RESPONSIBLE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OFFICER..................................................
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT The work
HIMT HIMThas
HIMTbeen
HIMT HIMT completed
HIMT HIMT and all persons,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT material
HIMT HIMT HIMT & eqptHIMThave
been
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT withdrawn.
HIMT HIMT HIMTResponsible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT officer
HIMT……HIMTDate/Time.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Note HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• The entry permit should contain a clear indication as to the Maximum period of
validity, which in any event should not exceed a normal working day.
Samples should be HIMTtaken from several depths and through as many openings as possible in order to
CONTROL
get a good OF ENTRY
cross HIMT HIMT
section INTO
HIMTENCLOSED
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
representation of SPACES:
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
compartment’s atmosphere. Ventilation should
be stopped for about 10 minutes before pre entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT atmosphere tests areHIMT
HIMT taken
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT completed
Prior to entry into an enclosed space, a risk assessment should be HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
identify
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the potential
HIMT HIMT HIMThazards and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to determine
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTsafeguards
be adopted. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
resulting
HIMT HIMT HIMT safeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT working
HIMT HIMTpractice
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould be HIMT
HIMT HIMT documented
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTapproved byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
responsible officer before being countersigned by the master, who confirms that theHIMT HIMT HIMT
practice
safeHIMTandHIMT inHIMT
compliance
withHIMT ship‘s
HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT Management System.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
permit, or other enabling document, should be sighted and completed by the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT person
entering
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTspace,
HIMT HIMT prior
HIMTtoHIMTentry. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT controls
HIMT HIMTrequired
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
safe entry
HIMT HIMT vary withHIMT
task being performed and the potential hazards identified during the risk
assessment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT However,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT most cases
HIMT HIMT HIMTan HIMTEntry
HIMT HIMT Permit
HIMT HIMT System will
HIMT HIMT HIMTprovide
convenient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and effective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
ensuring
HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMTdocumenting
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat essential
precautions have been taken and, where necessary, that physical safeguards have HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
been put in place. The adoption of an Entry Permit System, which may include the
use
a check
HIMT HIMTlist,HIMT
is HIMT
therefore
HIMT HIMTrecommended.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Permission
HIMT HIMT HIMT to continue work
only
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe given
HIMT for aHIMT
HIMT HIMT periodHIMT sufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT to complete
HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
task. Under no circumstances should the period exceed one day. A copy of the
permit should be prominently displayed at the entrance to the space to inform

personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT the HIMT precautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMTbe takenHIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT entering
HIMT HIMT theHIMT space
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
of HIMT
anyHIMT HIMT HIMT
restrictions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT placed
HIMT HIMT upon HIMT theHIMT activities
HIMT HIMTpermitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT within
HIMT the HIMTspace.HIMT HIMTThe HIMTpermit
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMTinvalid
rendered HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
if ventilation ofHIMTtheHIMT space HIMTstops
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
if any HIMT ofHIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMTnoted
conditions HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in the check list change.
Check
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT list:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT SHELL HIMT HIMT ENCLOSED
HIMT HIMT SPACEHIMTENTRY HIMT HIMTPERMIT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship :
HIMT HIMT HIMTDate
HIMT: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Time HIMT
: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AgreedHIMT4)
HIMT HIMT HIMTPreHIMT
EntryHIMT HIMT
Checks: HIMT
(to be HIMT
checked, HIMT HIMT
monitored HIMT HIMT
and authorised by shipHIMT HIMTpersonnel)
and shore HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Yes HIMT No HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Has the space been segregated by blanking off or isolating all connecting pipelines?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHaveHIMTvalvesHIMT
on all pipelines
HIMT HIMT serving the space
HIMT HIMTbeenHIMTsecured
HIMT to prevent
HIMT HIMT their accidental
HIMT HIMT opening?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHas HIMT
the spaceHIMTbeenHIMTcleaned?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the spaceHIMTbeenHIMT HIMTventilated?
thoroughly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (Ship HIMTonly) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2) 3)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Are pre-entry test(s) being carried out prior to entry? (note testing results on backside of this form) 4)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIs theHIMT
spaceHIMT
during HIMT
inspectionHIMTcontinuously
HIMT HIMT monitored
HIMTforHIMT
oxygenHIMTcontent(21% v/v) andHIMT
HIMT HIMT L.E.L.(<1%)
Is adequate HIMT
illumination HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided? HIMT HIMT
(e.g. handtorches of HIMT HIMT
approved type HIMT
on eachHIMTpersonHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
entering)
Is rescue and resuscitation equipment available for immediate use close at hand?
a responsible
HIMT person
HIMT been HIMTdesignated
HIMT HIMT to stand
HIMTby the entrance
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMTspace?
the Officer
HIMT of the
HIMT Watch beenHIMT
HIMT advisedHIMTof the HIMT
plannedHIMT
entry?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (Ship HIMTonly) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a system HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween
of communication HIMT HIMT HIMT
the person HIMT
at the HIMTand
entrance HIMT
thoseHIMT HIMT
entering HIMTbeen
the space HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Agreed
and tested? HIMT HIMT
reportingHIMT HIMT
interval: HIMT
.......... HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
minutes
Are emergency and evacuation procedures established and understood?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIs there
HIMTa system
HIMTforHIMT recording
HIMT whoHIMT
is in the space?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIs allHIMT
equipment
HIMT used
HIMT of anHIMT
approved
HIMT type?HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTRemarks:
The ship
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdeclares
HIMTthat HIMT the atmosphere
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the tank to beHIMT
HIMT loadedHIMThas beenHIMTtested
HIMT andHIMT
found HIMT
suitableHIMT in all respects
HIMT HIMT for tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inspection
HIMT by HIMTshoreHIMT representatives.
HIMT HIMT During
HIMTtank inspection
HIMT HIMT allHIMTvalves and ventsystems
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust HIMT beHIMT
kept closed
HIMTsecured.
HIMT HIMT HIMTTo be signed
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT signature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Date
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TimeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTMaster
responsible officer:
Shore: Authorised teamleader:
HIMT HIMT HIMTResponsible
HIMT HIMT person
supervising entry:
HIMT HIMT HIMT THIS
HIMTPERMIT
HIMT HIMT IS RENDERED
HIMT HIMT INVALID
HIMT SHOULD
HIMT HIMT ANYHIMTOF THEHIMT CONDITIONS
HIMT HIMTNOTED HIMT HIMT IN THEHIMT CHECK HIMTLIST
HIMTABOVEHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CHANGE HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTNotes:
HIMT HIMT HIMT1)HIMT
The HIMT HIMTisHIMT
Entry Permit HIMTafter
valid directly HIMT theHIMT HIMTbyHIMT
confirmation HIMTthat
gastesting HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
the space HIMT
be entered HIMT
is safe for HIMT HIMT HIMT
entry.However, it is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalidHIMT HIMT
for 1 entry HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
only.
5.3.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT In order
2)HIMT Precautions
HIMT to HIMT
obtain HIMT
a representative tocross-section
HIMT HIMT beHIMTtaken of theHIMT
HIMT before
compartment's
HIMT HIMT and
atmosphere,
HIMT HIMTduring
samplesHIMT should repair
HIMT be HIMT and
taken from
HIMT several
depths and HIMT
throughHIMT as many openings as possible. Ventilation shouldHIMT
be stopped for aboutHIMT
10 minutes before the pre-entry
maintenance
atmosphere tests are
work
taken.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3) Tests for specific toxic contaminants,such as benzene and hydrogen sulphide,should be undertaken depending on the nature of
the previous contents of the space.
Use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PPE HIMT is HIMT
mandatory
HIMT HIMTto
4) If one “Yes / No item” is answered negatively, entry is not permitted
HIMTprotect
HIMT HIMT theHIMT crew HIMTagainst
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
various hazards
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If dangerous gas concentrations are observed, repairs and maintenance work must HIMT HIMT HIMT
be stopped when working in the concerned area
PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEMS

GENERAL
While
HIMT HIMT HIMT companies
HIMT HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT develop
HIMT HIMT their
HIMT own procedures
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT managing
HIMT HIMTall aspects
operations andHIMT HIMTundertaken,
tasks HIMT HIMT HIMT many
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT choose
operators HIMT HIMTto
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
incorporate HIMT HIMT
a Permit toHIMT HIMT HIMT
Work system into their SMS to manage the hazardous tasks that need to be
undertaken.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Permit to Work
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT formal written
HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMT is used
HIMT HIMT to control
HIMT certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT
types of work. It delivers a risk-based approach to safety management and requiresHIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel to undertake and record risk assessments in the development of a safe
system
HIMT HIMT work.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPermit to HIMT
HIMT HIMT Work system
HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMTensure that
HIMT HIMT HIMTprotective andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT precautionary
HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasures
HIMT HIMT HIMT
are taken which will reduce the risks associated with a task to a levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
that
considered to be-As Low As Reasonably Practicable - ALARP.
Guidance
HIMT HIMT HIMT establishing a Permit
Work system
HIMT HIMT is contained
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a number
publications issued by industry organisations and national safety bodies. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPermit
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
Work system
HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMTinclude
HIMT HIMTone
HIMTor more
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT following
HIMT HIMT HIMTdocuments
control hazardous activities:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmeasures to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT employed
HIMT in carrying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTout
HIMTaHIMT
particular task
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTdetermined
HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
a HIMT HIMT HIMT
risk
HIMT HIMT HIMT assessment
HIMTrecorded in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT Permit
HIMT to Work
HIMT HIMT System.
PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM - STRUCTURE
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstructure of the
HIMT and
processes employed
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMT HIMT very
HIMT HIMTimportant in HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensuring
HIMT the
HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTdelivers
HIMT HIMTthe necessary
HIMT level
HIMT safety
HIMTand
HIMToperational
integrity.
The Permit to Work system should define: -
cedures.
The
HIMT HIMT will
HIMT determine
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrols needed
HIMT HIMT HIMT to manage
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT riskHIMT HIMT HIMT
associated HIMT
with HIMT HIMT
each taskHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT the
determine HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTmanagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toolHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
needed
to manage the task,
The system should not require all tasks to be undertaken under the control of a
formal permit. However, it is important that the work instruction, procedure or permit

used
HIMT HIMT managing
HIMT HIMT aHIMT
task,
HIMTisHIMT
appropriate
the HIMT
work HIMTbeing carried
HIMT HIMT out HIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
process
effective in HIMT
HIMT HIMT identifying
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT managing
risksHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.3.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT measures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor hot
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT cold
HIMT HIMTworkHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Hotwork outside the main machinery spaces and in the main machinery spaces
when
HIMT HIMT HIMT associated
HIMT fuel tanks
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTfuel
HIMTpipelines
HIMT HIMTmust takeHIMT
HIMT HIMT intoHIMT
account theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpresence of flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
the HIMT
atmosphere, andHIMT
existence
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTignition
potential HIMT HIMTsources
Any hot work outside the designated hot work area in machinery room should be
under
HIMT HIMT HIMT SMS
HIMT HIMT (safety
HIMT management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system)
HIMT HIMTand HIMTPermit
HIMT HIMT control
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwould thus
HIMT HIMT also
HIMT HIMTinclude
HIMT HIMTALLHIMTwork in machinery
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces outside
HIMT HIMT designated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThotHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
work area. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Hot work for which a hot work permit is required and should be prohibited during
cargo,
HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast,
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaning,
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTfreeing,
HIMT HIMT purging
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
inerting operations
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT additional
HIMT HIMT HIMT hot
HIMTwork permit
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom portHIMT
HIMT HIMT authorities
HIMT HIMTis required
hotHIMT
work in HIMT
HIMT portHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cold work
Work
HIMT HIMT cannot
HIMT create
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
sourceHIMTof ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwork
Cold HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
permits are HIMT
used HIMT
in HIMT HIMT HIMTmaintenance
hazardous HIMT HIMT HIMT workHIMT HIMT
thatHIMT
doesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
not
involve "hot work―
Cold permits
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT issued
HIMTwhen there
no reasonable
HIMT HIMT HIMTsource
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
ignition,
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTwhen all HIMT
HIMT HIMT contact
HIMTwith harmful
HIMT HIMT substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hasHIMT been eliminated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTprecautions
taken
Hot work inside the main machinery space, when associated with fuel tanks and fuel
pipelines,
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT take
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTaccount
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT possible
HIMT HIMTpresence
HIMT HIMT HIMTof hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours in HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatmosphere,
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTthe
HIMTexistence of potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ignition
HIMT HIMTsources
HIMT HIMT HIMT
NoHIMT
hotHIMT HIMTshould
work HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
carried out onHIMTbulkheads
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks
of bunker HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbunkers,
containing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT within
HIMT500
HIMTmmHIMT of such
HIMT HIMTbulkheads
Hot
HIMT undertaken
HIMT HIMT HIMToutside
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTdesignated
HIMT HIMT HIMT space should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
HIMTcontrolled under
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SMS by means of a permit to work system – Hot Work Permit
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmaster
HIMT HIMTshould decide
HIMT HIMT whether
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT use HIMT
of hotHIMTwork
HIMT is justified,
HIMT HIMT HIMT and whether
HIMT HIMT HIMTitHIMT
canHIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT safely
HIMT undertaken
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmaster
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
Responsible
HIMT HIMT HIMTOfficer must
HIMT HIMT approve
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTcompleted permit
HIMT HIMT HIMTbefore
any hot work can begin HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Consideration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT be
HIMTgiven to only
HIMT HIMT HIMTperforming
HIMT HIMT HIMT one
HIMThot
HIMTwork
HIMT operation at aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT time,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
due to the resource limitations usually present onboard a tanker
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT separate permit
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe approved
HIMT for each
HIMT HIMT HIMT intended
HIMT HIMT task
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTlocation
The Master should inform the company of details of the work proposed
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT riskHIMT
assessment should
HIMTcarried
HIMT HIMT out to HIMT
HIMT identify
HIMT the
HIMThazards
HIMT HIMT and assess
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTrisks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
involvedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
This will result in a number of risk reduction measures that will need to be taken
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT allow
HIMTthe task
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
be HIMT
carried
HIMTout
HIMTsafely
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT written
HIMTplan for undertaking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTwork should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMTcompleted,
HIMT HIMT HIMTdiscussed and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT agreedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
by all who have responsibilities in connection with the work
Work area should be carefully prepared and isolated before hot work commences

Fire
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety precautions
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT fireHIMT
extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT measures should
HIMTreviewed
Adequate
HIMT HIMT HIMT fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT must be prepared
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT laidHIMT
out HIMT
andHIMT
be ready forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
immediate useHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Need for personal protective equipment and the means of evacuation of the fire
watch
an HIMT
emergency
Safety HIMT HIMT HIMT
measures for HIMT
hot HIMT
andHIMTcoldHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
work
Precautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMThot
HIMTwork:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HotHIMT HIMT on
work HIMTtankers
a strictly HIMT HIMTactivity.
controlled HIMT HIMTSince
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hotwork HIMT HIMT HIMT
introduces a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
source of ignition the other sides of the fire triangle i.e., fuel and oxygen must not be
allowed
form.
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is necessary thatHIMT
SMS HIMTprocedures
the company andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT vessel include
HIMT HIMT HIMT a clear
set of actions to be followed for ensuring safety during hotwork. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT general, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT following
HIMT HIMTsteps will be
HIMT HIMT HIMT followed.
In the designated areas such as workshop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in the E/R,
HIMT HIMThot work
HIMT HIMT may be performed
without
HIMT HIMT HIMT a written
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpermit.
HIMT HIMTSafety checks
HIMT HIMT will HIMT
HIMT HIMT still need to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTdone.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT HIMT
other HIMT HIMT
areas, HIMT
a hot HIMT permit
work HIMT HIMT HIMT
will beHIMT HIMT HIMT
required. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Especially HIMT HIMT
in areas HIMT HIMT HIMT
designated as HIMT HIMT HIMT
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdangerous,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcompany‘s permission
HIMT HIMT HIMT be required.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is
A formal safety assessment including risk analysis done
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTthe
HIMTcompany
informed. If the procedures are acceptable as per the company‘sHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT requirements,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
permission is given. In general, the company‘s procedures will be basedHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ISGOTT
guidelines.
ISGOTT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTguidelines
HIMT HIMT HIMTinclude theHIMT
HIMT HIMT following
HIMT HIMT main
HIMT points.
Hot Work in Cargo Tanks
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT HIMT
sludge, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-impregnated HIMT
scale, HIMT HIMT or
sediment HIMT HIMT HIMT
other HIMT HIMT
material HIMT
likely to HIMT
giveHIMT
off HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable vapour, should be removed from the work area. The extent of the cleaned
area
should
HIMT HIMT established following
HIMT HIMT HIMT a risk
HIMT HIMT HIMTassessment
HIMT particular
HIMT HIMTwork to be
HIMT HIMT carried
out.
Special attention must be given to the reverse side of frames and bulkheads. Other
areas
that
HIMTbe
HIMTaffected
HIMT HIMTby theHIMT
HIMT hotHIMT
work,
HIMTsuch as the
HIMT HIMT HIMTarea
HIMT immediately
HIMT HIMT HIMT below
HIMT HIMTthe work
location, should also be cleaned HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Inerted ships
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompartment should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
HIMTcleaned,
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTfreed to Hot
HIMT HIMT HIMTWork standard
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT ventilated.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT other
HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaned
HIMT HIMTandHIMT
theHIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTvapour content
reduced HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
not more than 2% by volume and maintained at that level, or should be completely
filled
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater.
Non–inerted ships
The possibility of using an external source of inert gas should be considered if
practicable.

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompartment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshouldHIMTbe HIMTcleaned,
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTfreed to hot
HIMT HIMT HIMTwork standard
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT ventilated.
Adjacent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT tanks, including
HIMT HIMT diagonally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT positioned
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks,
HIMT HIMTeither
have HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaned andHIMT
gas HIMT HIMTto
freed HIMT
hotHIMT HIMTstandard,
work HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or completely HIMTwith
filled HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HotHIMT HIMT HIMT
Work HIMT HIMT
Above the HIMT
Tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Deck
Inerted ships
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hot HIMT
workHIMTis to beHIMT
HIMT undertaken
HIMT HIMT HIMTat aHIMT
height
HIMTgreater
HIMT HIMTthan
HIMT500
HIMT mm above
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe tank
HIMT HIMTdeck,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT slopHIMT
tanksHIMTwithin
HIMT HIMT a radius
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
at least
HIMT 30
HIMTmetres around
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT working area
must
be purged and the hydrocarbon vapour content reduced to less than 2% by volume
and
inerted.
HIMT HIMT HIMT AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT other
HIMTcargo tanks
theHIMT
cargoHIMTarea
HIMT must be HIMT
HIMT HIMT inerted
HIMTwith openings
HIMT HIMT closed.
Non-inerted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTships
If hot HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT workHIMTis to beHIMT
HIMT undertaken
HIMT HIMT HIMTat aHIMT
height
HIMTgreater
HIMT HIMTthan
HIMT500
HIMT mm above
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe tank
HIMT HIMTdeck,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT slopHIMT
tanksHIMTwithin
HIMT HIMT a radius
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
at least 30 metres
HIMT HIMT around
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT working area
must
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaned
HIMT HIMTandHIMTgasHIMTfreed
HIMT toHIMTless
HIMTthan
HIMT1%HIMTLFL.
Hot
HIMT HIMT HIMT Work
HIMT on HIMT
HIMT HIMT Pipelines
Wherever possible, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sections ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
pipelines andHIMT HIMT HIMT
related HIMT HIMT
items, suchHIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMT
strainers andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
valves,
should
HIMT HIMT removed
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT the
HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTand repaired
theHIMT
designated
HIMT HIMT space.
Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT hotHIMT
HIMT HIMT workHIMTonHIMTpipelines
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTvalves needs
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT outHIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
theHIMTequipment
in
place,
HIMT HIMT itemHIMT
requiring
HIMT HIMT hotHIMTwork
HIMTmust be disconnected
HIMT HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT coldHIMT
work,
HIMTandHIMTthe
remaining
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT blanked
pipework HIMT HIMT HIMToff. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT coils
HIMT HIMT be flushed
HIMT or blown
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTsteam andHIMT
HIMT HIMT proved clear
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons.
5.3.4
HIMT HIMT HIMT Electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT Precautions
All electrical equipment employed should be carefully inspected before each
occasion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMT use
HIMTtoHIMT
ensure it is in
HIMT HIMT good
HIMT HIMT condition
Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT it must
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
correctly earthed
Precautions when using electric-arc equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 electrical supply connections are made in a gas free space
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT existing supply
HIMT HIMT wiring
adequate
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
carry the
HIMT electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMTcurrent demanded
without overloading, causing heating
 insulation of flexible electric cables laid across the deck is in good condition
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cable
HIMTroute to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT worksite
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
theHIMT
safest
HIMTpossible, onlyHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT passing over
HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT free
or inerted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTspaces

Earthing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconnection
adjacent to the
HIMT HIMT HIMTwork siteHIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
theHIMT
earthHIMTreturn cable
HIMT HIMT HIMTled
directly
HIMT HIMT HIMT back
HIMT welding
HIMT HIMTmachine
Common safetyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
precautions toHIMT HIMT HIMT
be taken in HIMT HIMT HIMTzones
hazardous HIMT HIMT
on HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers:
— equipment which is not intrinsically safe should not be used; for example:
mobile phones,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cameras,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtorches,
HIMT HIMT lighters, etc. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Electrical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
safety:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT MakeHIMTsure
HIMT all
HIMTelectrical
HIMT HIMT cables
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTphysically
HIMT HIMT HIMTinspected
HIMT HIMT for any
HIMT cuts,
HIMT HIMTabrasions
or ifHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT they are
HIMT immersed
HIMT in water
HIMT HIMT HIMT dueHIMT
HIMT HIMT to clogging
HIMT HIMT etc.HIMT The same
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
notified and appropriate measures should be taken to rectify or report the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT faultHIMT HIMT HIMT
so that it can be repaired in dry-docks.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If any
HIMTsparks
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT noticed,
HIMT HIMTbeHIMTsure
HIMTnot
HIMTtoHIMT
ignore them.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThey could
HIMT HIMT lead
HIMT HIMTto fireHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis one
HIMT of HIMT
HIMT the HIMT
deadliest enemies
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
the HIMT
ship.HIMTIt is better
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTnip this
HIMT enemy
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbud
in the HIMTrather
HIMT HIMTthanHIMT HIMT HIMT
giving it a HIMT
chanceHIMT to
spread.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Always useHIMTintrinsically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT safe equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin places
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhere
presence of spark can lead to disaster.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Never leave
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT marine
HIMT HIMTwiring having
HIMT HIMT loose
HIMT HIMT HIMTconnections or joints
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT without
proper HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
insulation.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMT carrying
HIMT HIMT HIMTout HIMT
maintenance
repair
HIMT onHIMTanyHIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTmake sure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
switch off power from the main electrical panel and also make sure to put
notice
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnear thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT switch
HIMT which
HIMT HIMTsays
HIMTthat
HIMT―work
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
progress – do
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot switch
HIMT on‖.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
This would ensure that no over-enthusiastic person would come and switchHIMT HIMT HIMT
on HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the power
HIMT HIMT without
HIMT HIMT bothering
HIMT HIMTto check
HIMT whyHIMT
HIMT HIMT it wasHIMToff in HIMT
HIMT the HIMT
first HIMT
place.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WearHIMTproper
HIMT HIMT HIMT gear
HIMT when working
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith electrical
HIMT machineries
HIMT HIMT HIMT
follow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTall instructions,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT relevant
HIMT HIMTchecklists
HIMT HIMT HIMT etc.HIMT
Having understood
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT equation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
given in the introduction section, you will realize that since the current flowing
also
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdepends
HIMT HIMT on resistance,
HIMT if you
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprovide
HIMT HIMT an easy
HIMT HIMTpath
HIMT for
HIMTthe
HIMTcurrent
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
flowHIMT HIMT HIMT
by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT making your
HIMT HIMT HIMTbody wet HIMT
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
without much
HIMT HIMT HIMT insulation,
current willHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT higher
sufficiently HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
than HIMTminimum
required valueHIMTtoHIMT
harmHIMTyou.
 Electrical fires on board (even on land) require special handling and therefore
everyone
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on theHIMT
HIMT shipHIMTmust
HIMT be
HIMTaware of HIMT
HIMT HIMT howHIMTto react in case
HIMT HIMT of electrical
HIMT HIMT firesHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
in terms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
fire HIMT
extinguishers
be HIMT
usedHIMT and other
HIMT HIMT steps to HIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
followed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ThisHIMT HIMT
can beHIMT HIMTinto
drilled HIMT the
HIMTstaff
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTout
by carrying HIMTregular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
safety HIMT
drills HIMT HIMT
which trainHIMT HIMT HIMT
the crew for such a situation
 Extension
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cables
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT secured
HIMT HIMTproperly
HIMT HIMT HIMT without any
HIMT HIMT HIMTknots
unnecessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bends.
HIMT HIMTIf possible try toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT rollHIMT
it up
HIMTinHIMT
a nice
HIMTmanner
HIMT HIMTuniformly andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
store in a dry place. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Intrinsically safe fire extinguisher safe working gear

AllHIMT
HIMT HIMTequipments
theHIMT
hazardous
HIMT HIMTarea should
HIMT HIMT haveHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
following
HIMT HIMTsafety
measures:
Explosion proof / flame proof enclosure
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTenclosure that HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is capable
HIMT HIMTofHIMTwithstanding
HIMT HIMT HIMT anHIMT
explosion
HIMT HIMT of a HIMT
HIMT gas HIMT
or vapor within
HIMT HIMT HIMTitHIMT HIMT HIMT
and
preventing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ignition
HIMT of
HIMTanHIMT
explosive
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMT or
HIMTvapor thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT mayHIMTsurround
HIMT HIMTitHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
that operates at such an external temperature that a surrounding explosive gas orHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapor will not be ignited thereby. This type of enclosure is similar to a flameproof
enclosure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThis type
HIMT HIMTof protection
HIMT HIMT HIMT is
HIMTreferred toHIMT
HIMT HIMT by IEC
HIMT as
HIMT"Ex
HIMTd."
Increased HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Safety
An international term that describes a type of protection in which various measures
are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTapplied
HIMT HIMTsoHIMTasHIMTtoHIMT
reduce theHIMT
HIMT HIMT probability of excessive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT temperatures andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
occurrence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
arcs orHIMT
HIMT sparks in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTinterior
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTonHIMTthe external
HIMT HIMT HIMTparts of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
apparatus thatHIMT
do HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
not produce them HIMT
in HIMT HIMTservice
normal HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Intrinsic
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT type
HIMTofHIMT
protection in which
portion of HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
electrical
HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTcontains onlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
intrinsically HIMT equipment
safe HIMT HIMT HIMT(apparatus,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcircuits,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT
wiring) thatHIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT
incapable ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
causing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTignition
HIMT HIMT inHIMTthe
HIMTsurrounding atmosphere.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT NoHIMT
single device
HIMT HIMT or wiring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
intrinsically safe by itself (except for battery-operated self-contained apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT suchHIMT HIMT HIMT
as portable pagers, transceivers, gas detectors, etc., which are specifically designedHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
asHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
intrinsically HIMT HIMT
safe HIMT HIMT HIMTdevices)
self-contained HIMT HIMT HIMT
but HIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
intrinsically safeHIMT HIMTwhen
only HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
employed
HIMT HIMT HIMT in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT properly
HIMT HIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMTintrinsically
HIMT HIMT HIMTsafe
HIMT system. ThisHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT type of HIMT
HIMT protection
referred
by HIMT
IEC HIMT
as "ExHIMTi."
Intrinsic
HIMT HIMT Barrier
A component containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT
network designed
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
HIMT HIMT limitHIMT
theHIMT
energy
HIMT (voltage andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT current)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
available to the protected circuit in the hazardous (classified) location under specified HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fault
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions.
Intrinsically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSafe Circuit:
A circuit in which any spark HIMT HIMT
or HIMT HIMT effect,
thermal HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
produced HIMT
either HIMT HIMTor
normally HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in specified
fault
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions,
HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
incapable
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
releasing
HIMT HIMTsufficient
HIMT HIMTelectrical or thermal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTenergy toHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
cause
HIMT HIMT of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT specific hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatmospheric
HIMT HIMT in itsHIMT
HIMT most easily
HIMT ignitable
concentration.

Intrinsically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSafe Equipment
HIMT HIMT (apparatus,
HIMT HIMT HIMT circuits,
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT wiring)
Equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand wiring
HIMT that,HIMT
HIMT HIMT under
HIMTnormal
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
abnormal conditions,
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT incapable
HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
releasing HIMT HIMT
sufficient HIMT HIMT
electrical orHIMT HIMT HIMT
thermal HIMT HIMT
energy HIMT HIMT
to cause HIMT HIMT
ignition of aHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
specific
hazardous atmospheric mixture in
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTits most
HIMT HIMTeasily ignitable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentration.
Non
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTincendive
HIMT HIMT HIMT Circuit
A circuit in which any HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT arc HIMT
or thermal
HIMT HIMTeffect produced
normal operating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT conditions
ofHIMT
equipment
HIMT HIMTis notHIMT
HIMT capable,
HIMT HIMT under prescribed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions,
igniting the HIMT
HIMT HIMT specified
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable HIMT
gas, HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapor-in-air HIMT HIMT
mixture, HIMT HIMT HIMT
combustible HIMT HIMT
dusts, HIMT HIMT fibers
or ignitable HIMT HIMTor HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flyings.
Non
HIMT HIMT HIMT Component
A component having HIMT HIMTcontacts
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or
for making HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
breaking HIMT HIMTincentive
specified HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
circuit
which the contacting mechanism is constructed so that the component is not capable
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
the HIMT
specified flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMT
or HIMT
vapor-in-air mixture
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMTtested asHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
specified
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTtest
HIMTprocedure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMThousing
HIMT HIMTof a HIMT
HIMT nonincendive
HIMT HIMT HIMTcomponent
HIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
not HIMT HIMT HIMT
intended HIMTexclude
to (1) HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTflammable
atmosphere or HIMT HIMT HIMTan
(2) contain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
explosion.
Non
HIMT HIMT HIMT Equipment
Equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT having electrical/electronic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT circuitry andHIMT
HIMT HIMT components that
HIMTincapable
under normalHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
conditions, HIMT HIMT HIMT
causing HIMT HIMT
ignition of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
specified HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable gasHIMTor HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapor-in-
air mixture due to arcing or thermal effect. This type of protection is referred to by
IEC
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas "ExHIMT
HIMT n."HIMT
Ex n protection
HIMT is limited
HIMT HIMT HIMT to gas
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMT vapor hazards
5.3.5
HIMT HIMT HIMT Ship/shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMTchecklist
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresponsibility andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT accountability
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor HIMTthe safe
HIMT HIMTconduct
HIMT HIMTof operations
HIMT while
HIMT shipHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
at HIMT is shared
HIMT HIMT HIMT
a terminal HIMT HIMTjointly
HIMT HIMT between the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship‘s
HIMTmaster
HIMT HIMTand the HIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
representative.
Before
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo or HIMT
HIMT HIMT ballast operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcommence, theHIMTmaster
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand the HIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
representative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould:
• Agree
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMTon
writing HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
transfer HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures, HIMT HIMTthe
including HIMTmaximum
loading or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unloading rates.
• Agree
writing
HIMTon the
HIMT action
HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT taken
HIMT in the
HIMT HIMT event
HIMT HIMT of anHIMT
HIMT emergency during
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT or ballast
HIMT HIMT handing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperations.
• Complete
and HIMT
sign HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship/Shore HIMT HIMT
Safety CheckHIMTList.
Coding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
Items
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpresence of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT letters
HIMT ‗A‘,HIMT
HIMT HIMT ‗P‘ or ‗R‘HIMT
HIMT in the
HIMTcolumn
HIMT HIMTentitled ‗Code‘
HIMT HIMT indicates
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
following:

AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT (‗Agreement‘).This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT indicates that HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTreferenced
HIMT HIMT HIMTconsideration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
addressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by HIMT
an agreement
HIMT HIMT HIMTor procedure
HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT be
HIMTidentified in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT‗Remarks‘
column ofHIMT
the HIMT
Check HIMTList,
HIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
communicated HIMT HIMT
in some HIMTmutually
other HIMT HIMTacceptable
form.
P (‗Permission‘). In the case of a negative answer to the statements coded ‗P‘, no
operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMTto HIMT
be conducted
HIMT HIMT HIMT without the
HIMT HIMT written
HIMT permission
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
appropriate
authority.
HIMT HIMT HIMT (‗Re-check‘).
RHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT This
HIMTindicates
HIMT HIMT HIMT items
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
re-checked at HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
appropriate HIMT HIMT
intervals, asHIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed between both parties and stated in the declaration. The joint declaration
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMTbeHIMTsigned until
HIMT HIMT HIMTallHIMT
parties have
HIMT HIMT HIMTchecked
HIMT HIMT and accepted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheir
HIMT assigned
responsibilities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and accountabilities.
PART A – Bulk Liquid General – Physical Checks
Bulk
HIMT HIMT HIMT Liquid
HIMT HIMT -HIMT
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ShipHIMT HIMTTerminal Code
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTRemarks
1 There HIMTaccess
is safe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
between HIMT and
the ship HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shore
2 The ship is securely moored? R
3 The agreed ship/shore communication
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System:
A HIMT
R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem is operative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Backup System:
4 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTtowing-off
HIMT HIMT pennants are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
R
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcorrectly
HIMT HIMTrigged
HIMTand HIMTpositioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT
5 HIMT
The HIMT HIMTfire
ship`s HIMThoses
HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is
equipment HIMT HIMT HIMTand
positioned HIMTready
HIMT HIMT
for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuse
immediate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
6 HIMT
The HIMT HIMT HIMT
terminal`s HIMT HIMT equipment
fire-fighting HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMTfor
HIMT HIMT HIMTuse HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
positioned ready immediate
7 The ship`s cargo and bunker hoses,
pipelines and manifolds are in good
condition, properly rigged and
appropriate for the service intended.
8 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT The terminal`s
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo andHIMT
HIMT bunker
HIMThoses or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
arms are in good condition, properly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrigged and HIMT
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
theHIMT
service
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTintended
HIMT HIMT HIMT
9 HIMT
The HIMT
transfer HIMT is
system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sufficiently
isolated andHIMT HIMT HIMT
drained to HIMT HIMTsafe
allow HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
removal ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
blank flangesHIMT prior
HIMT HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
connection HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
10 Scuppers and save-alls on board are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
effectively plugged and drips trays are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in position and empty
11 Temporarily removed scupper plugs will
be constantly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT monitored
12HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ShoreHIMTspill
HIMTcontainment
HIMT HIMT HIMT and HIMTsumps are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT R
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcorrectly
HIMT HIMTmanaged
13HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTship`s
HIMT unused
HIMT HIMTcargoHIMT HIMTandHIMTbunker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconnections
properly secured
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTblank
HIMTflanges
HIMT HIMT fullyHIMT
bolted
HIMT HIMT HIMT
14HIMT
TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
terminal`s HIMT HIMT
unused cargoHIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunker
connections are HIMT HIMT HIMT
properly securedHIMTwith
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflanges
blank HIMT HIMT fullyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bolted
HIMT HIMT HIMT
15HIMT HIMT HIMT
All cargo, HIMTand
ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunker tankHIMT
lids HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
closed
16 Sea and overboard discharge valves,
when not in use, are closed and visibly

Bulk
HIMT HIMT HIMT Liquid
HIMT HIMT -HIMT
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ShipHIMT HIMT
Terminal Code
HIMT HIMT HIMT Remarks
secured
17 All external doors, ports and windows in
the accommodation, stores and
machinery spaces are closed. Engine
rooms vents may be open
18 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTship`s
HIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTfire HIMT
control plans
Location:
are located externally
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the ship is fitted,
HIMT HIMT or isHIMT
HIMT HIMT required
HIMT HIMTto be
HIMTfitted, withHIMT
HIMT HIMT an inert gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT(IGS), the HIMT
HIMT HIMT following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
points
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe physically
HIMT HIMT HIMTchecked:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
InertHIMT
Gas HIMT
SystemHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ShipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal HIMT HIMT
Code HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Remarks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIGS
19 Fixed HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT recorders
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are working
20 All cargo tank atmospheres are at
positive pressure with oxygen content PR
of 8 % or less by volume
Part
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT – Bulk
B HIMT HIMTLiquids
HIMT HIMTGeneral – Verbal
HIMT HIMT Verification
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
BulkHIMT
LiquidHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- General ShipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal HIMT HIMT
Remarks
21 The ship is ready to move under its own HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT power
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT PR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
22 There is an effective deck watch in
attendence on board and adequate
supervision of operations on the ship
HIMTin the HIMT
HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpersonnel
23 There are sufficient HIMT HIMTon board
and ashore to deal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT emergency
24 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures
cargo, HIMTbunker and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
AR
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
handling have HIMT
beenHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
25 TheHIMTemergency
signal HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shutdown
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT procedure
HIMT HIMT HIMTto beHIMT HIMT
used byHIMT
the HIMT
shipHIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT shore
HIMT HIMT A
have been explained and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT understood.
26 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for
the cargo transfer have been PR
exchanged where requested
27 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hazards
HIMT HIMT associated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith toxic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT H2HIMT
S Content:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT in the
HIMTcargo beingHIMT
HIMT HIMT handled
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Benzene
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT identified and HIMT
HIMT HIMT understood
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Content:
28 An
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT international
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ShoreHIMT Fire
HIMT Connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT has
HIMTbeen
HIMT provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
29 TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed tankHIMT HIMT system
venting HIMT HIMT HIMT
will be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AR Method:
30 The requirements for closed operations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
been agreed
31 The operation of the P/V system has
been verified
32 Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa vapour return
HIMT HIMT lineHIMT
HIMT is connected,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operating
HIMT HIMT HIMT parameters
HIMT HIMT HIMT haveHIMT been
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT agreed
33 Independent high level alarms, if fitted,
AR
are operational and have been tested

34 Adequate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTelectrical
HIMT HIMTinsulating
HIMT HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMT are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AR
in place in the ship/shore connection
35 Shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT linesHIMT
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
fittedHIMT
withHIMT
a non-return
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT valve, or procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to avoid
HIMT back filing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT PR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT discussed
36 Smoking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT rooms
HIMT have beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT identified
HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Nominated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT smoking
requirements HIMTbeing
are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTA RHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT observed
smoking rooms:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlight
37 Naked HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare
regulations HIMTbeing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT observed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AR HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
38 Ship/shore telephones, mobile phones
and pager requirements are being AR
observed
39 Hand
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT torches
HIMT HIMT (flashlights)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare HIMTofHIMT an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
approved type
40 Fixed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT VHF/UHF
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT transceivers
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT AIS HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment are on the correct power
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT mode or switched
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT offHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
41 Portable HIMT HIMT
VHF/UHF HIMT HIMT HIMT
ransceivers are of HIMTan HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT approved
HIMT HIMT typeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
42 The ship`s HIMTmain
HIMT HIMT
radioHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
transmitter
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT aerials
earthed andHIMT HIMT are
radars HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT switched
HIMT HIMToff HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
43 Electric cables to portable electrical
equipment within the hazardous area
are disconnected from power
44 Window
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT type
HIMTairHIMT condition
HIMT HIMTunits
HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
disconnected
45 Positive HIMT HIMT
pressure is HIMT
beingHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inside
HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accommodation, and HIMT air HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT conditioning
HIMT HIMT HIMT intakes,
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich HIMTmay HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT permit
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
entryHIMT HIMT HIMT
of cargo HIMT are
vapours, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT 46
HIMTMeasures
HIMT HIMT have beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT taken
HIMTtoHIMT
ensureHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sufficient mechanical ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT R HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump room
47 There
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is provision
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor HIMT anHIMT
emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT escape
Stop HIMTat:
48 The maximum wind and swell criteria
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT at:
Disconnect HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMToperations
HIMT HIMThave HIMT been agreed
Unberth at: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
49 Security HIMT HIMThave
protocols HIMT been
HIMT HIMT
agreedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT between
HIMT HIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship Security Officer and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT Port
HIMT HIMT A
Facility Security OfficerHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT if HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
appropriate
50 Where appropriate, procedures have
been agreed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for receiving nitrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT supplied
HIMT HIMTfrom HIMTshore,
HIMT HIMTeither forHIMT
HIMT inerting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTA PHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or purging ship`s tanks, or for line
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clearing
HIMT HIMT into
HIMTtheHIMT
shipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
ship HIMT
is fitted, or isHIMT
HIMT HIMT required
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
be fitted, withHIMT
HIMT HIMT an HIMT
inertHIMT
gasHIMT
system (IGS)HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
statements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe addressed:
Inert Gas System Ship Terminal Code Remarks

51 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIGS
HIMTis HIMT
fully HIMT
operational
HIMT HIMT and HIMTin good
P HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
working order
52 Deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT seals,HIMT
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
equivalent,
HIMT HIMT areHIMTin good
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT working
HIMT HIMT order
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
53 HIMT
LiquidHIMTlevels
HIMT HIMT in HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure/vacuum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT breakers
HIMT HIMTare HIMT
R
correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
54 TheHIMT HIMTand
fixed HIMT HIMT HIMT
portable HIMT HIMT
oxygen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
analysers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have
been calibrated and are working HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT properly
55 All the individual tank IG valves (if fitted)
are correctly set and locked
56 All
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpersonnel
charge of cargo
operations are aware
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat, in the HIMT
case HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMTfailure
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the HIMTinertHIMTgasHIMTplant,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT discharge operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should
HIMTcease
HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMTterminals
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
advised
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT HIMT is
the ship HIMT HIMTwith
fitted HIMTaHIMTCrude HIMTOilHIMT HIMT HIMT
Washing HIMT system,
(COW) HIMT HIMTand
HIMT HIMT HIMT
indents to HIMT
crudeHIMT
oil HIMT
wash,HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstatements
following HIMT HIMT HIMT shouldHIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
addressed:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Crude HIMT
OilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Washing ShipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal HIMT HIMT
Remarks
57 The Pre-Arrival COW check-list as
contained in the approved COW
manual, has been satisfactorily
completed
58 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCOW check-list
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT
use HIMT
before,
during and after COW, as contained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in the
HIMT approved
HIMT HIMT HIMT COW manual,
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT available
HIMT HIMTand HIMTbeing usedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT the ship
HIMTis planning
HIMT HIMT HIMT to tank cleanHIMT
HIMT HIMT alongside,
HIMT HIMTthe following
HIMT statements
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe addressed:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TankHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cleaning ShipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal HIMT HIMT
Remarks
59 Tank cleaning operations are planned HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during the ship`s stay alongside the Yes/No Yes/No
shore installation
60 If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ―yes‖HIMT
theHIMT
procedures
HIMT HIMTand HIMTapprovals
HIMTtank
HIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMT haveHIMTbeen
HIMTagreed
61 Permissions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave been
HIMT HIMTgranted for gas
Yes/No Yes/No
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMT HIMToperations
Part
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT – Bulk
C HIMT HIMTLiquid Chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT – Verbal
HIMT HIMT Verification
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
BulkHIMT
LiquidHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chemicals ShipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal HIMT HIMT
Remarks
1. Material Safety Data Sheets areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTavailable
HIMT HIMTgiving
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the necessary data forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the safe handling of the cargo
2. A manufacturer`s inhibition certificate,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT P HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhere applicable,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT has been
HIMT provided
3. Sufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT protective
HIMT HIMTclothing
HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT (including
HIMT HIMTself-contained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbreathing
HIMT HIMT HIMTapparatus)
HIMT HIMTisHIMT ready for HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTimmediate
HIMT HIMT HIMTuse HIMT
and HIMTis suitable
HIMT HIMTfor HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMTbeing
HIMThandled
4. Countermeasures against accidential
personal contact with the cargo have

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT been agreed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT handling
5. The cargo HIMT HIMTrateHIMTis compatible
HIMT the
HIMTautomatic
HIMT HIMT shutdown system,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ifHIMT
in use
6. Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT HIMTgauges
HIMT HIMTandHIMTalarms
HIMT are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT correctly
HIMT HIMTset and
HIMT in good
HIMT orderHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
7. Portable HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMT
detection HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instruments
HIMTreadily
available for the products
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT being
HIMT HIMT HIMT
handled HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
8. Information on fire-fighting media HIMT HIMTand
procedures has been exchanged
9. Transfer hoses are of suitable material,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
resistant theHIMT
HIMT action of HIMT
HIMT the products
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT being handled
10. Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT handling
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
beingHIMTperformed
HIMT the
HIMTpermanent
HIMT HIMT HIMTinstalled pipeline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT P HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system
11. Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT appropriate,
HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures
HIMT HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed HIMT HIMT HIMT
for receiving HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
nitrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT supplied
HIMT HIMTfromHIMTshore,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
either forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inerting A PHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or
HIMT HIMT HIMT
purging HIMT tanks,
ship`s HIMT HIMTor HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for line
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clearing
HIMT HIMT HIMT
into theHIMT
shipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.4 First aid with reference to a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Material HIMT HIMT HIMTSheet
Data HIMT HIMT
for HIMT HIMT HIMT
sample HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
products
All personnel on board must always refer to the MSDS of all substances to be loaded
Given-'health
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT data' from
HIMT HIMT MSDS
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT from
HIMTMSDS
When providing first aid, personnel HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTalso
be aware theHIMT
listHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
"don'ts",
including:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT do HIMT
not attend
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
victim
HIMTunless it is
HIMT HIMT safe
HIMT toHIMT
HIMT do HIMT
so HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT do HIMT
not attempt
HIMT HIMT to doHIMT
HIMT more HIMTthan
HIMTnecessary
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT do HIMT HIMT HIMT
not delay HIMT HIMT HIMT for
in summoning HIMThelp
HIMT and
HIMT informing
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
master
— do not enter the enclosed spaces unless you are a trained member of a
rescue
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT team
HIMTacting
HIMT HIMTuponHIMTinstruction
Emergency HIMT HIMTshould
showers HIMT HIMTbe HIMT HIMT immediately
used HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTevent
in the HIMT HIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT
spillage HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of cargo
liquid in eyes or on skin
Correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT treatment for most
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
to flush withHIMT
HIMT HIMT copious amount
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT water and
remove the affected clothing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
For symptoms of vapour exposure the treatment for most cargoes is:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to remove
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTvictim
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
fresh airHIMT
HIMT to give artificial
HIMT HIMT resuscitation
HIMT HIMT if breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT hasHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor is weak
HIMT irregular
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel shouldHIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instructed andHIMT HIMT HIMT
trained HIMT HIMTPulmonary
in "Cardio HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Resuscitation"
technique
• Correct treatment for most cargoes is to flush with copious amount of water
and to remove the affected clothing

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ForHIMT
symptoms
HIMT HIMTof vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMTexposure
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtreatment for most
HIMT HIMT is: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTto HIMTremove
HIMT HIMTthe victim
HIMT HIMT HIMTto
HIMTfresh air HIMT
HIMT HIMT to give artificial
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresuscitation
HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThas
breathing HIMTstopped
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
is HIMT
weak HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
irregular
• All personnel should be instructed and trained in "Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation"
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtechnique
FIRST – AID TREATMENT
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT for accidents
HIMT HIMT HIMTinvolving dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemicals
given
HIMTin theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
ICS Cargo Data Sheets. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT should be HIMT
HIMT HIMT familiar withHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
first-aid
HIMT HIMTprocedure set HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT out HIMT
in the DataHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Sheets
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT
theHIMTcargoHIMTcarried.
Medical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT advice
HIMT HIMTshould be sought
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMTtheHIMT
eventHIMTofHIMT
an HIMT
accident.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTshowers should
HIMT HIMT HIMT be used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
the HIMT
event
HIMTofHIMTspillage
cargo liquidHIMT
inHIMT
eyes HIMT
or HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
on skin.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcorrect
HIMT HIMT treatment for most
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
HIMT HIMT to flush
HIMT with water
HIMT HIMT for
HIMT at HIMT
HIMT leastHIMT15HIMT
minutes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and to remove the affected clothing.
For symptoms of vapour exposure the treatment for most cargoes is to :HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Remove
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTvictim to fresh
HIMT HIMT air HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
 Give artificial resuscitation if breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMTstopped
HIMT HIMT orHIMTis HIMT
weak HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ irregular.
Antidotes
HIMT HIMT HIMT for cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMTare HIMTavailable on board
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTshouldHIMT be
HIMTinstructed
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTdrilled in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT technique
mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and in basic first aid. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Accidents
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT due
HIMTto skin
HIMT HIMTcontact,
HIMT HIMTingestion,
HIMT HIMT HIMT inhalation
HIMT HIMT pleases noteHIMT
following simple first aid do‘s and don‘ts.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT SKINHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
CONTACT
DO’s DON’T’s
1. Wash the contact area with copious 1. Do not use cotton wool or other lint‘s
Amounts of water. material for cleaning, as it is likely to
leave
2. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CleanHIMTthe
HIMT skin
HIMTarea
HIMT around
HIMT HIMT the edges
HIMT bits. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
with Soap water swabs.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 2. Do not break
HIMT HIMTblisters.
3. Leave blisters intact. But if already burst 3. Do
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnot touch injured
HIMTarea
HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTtaking
HIMT aHIMT HIMT HIMT
clip off dead skin with sterile scissors. sterile wash.
4. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CoverHIMTburn area HIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
Vaseline
HIMT HIMTgauge
dressing,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
thenHIMTcover
HIMTwith
HIMTabsorbent
dressing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to absorb
HIMT HIMT leaking
HIMT HIMT HIMTfluid.
5. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT For HIMT
persistent
HIMT HIMTpain give HIMT
HIMT HIMT paracetamol
1000
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT mgHIMT
HIMT every 4 hours.
HIMT HIMT HIMTForHIMT
severe
HIMTpain
giveHIMTMorphine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sulphate
HIMT HIMT7.5 mg HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
intramuscular.
6. Obtain Radio Medical Advice.

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT INGESTION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DO’sHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DON’T’s
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Place
HIMTinHIMT
unconscious
HIMT HIMTposition.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1. HIMT
Do HIMT
not HIMT
give
HIMTanything by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT mouthHIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT If not
HIMTbreathing
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
pulse stopped
HIMT give HIMT
HIMT HIMT CPR.HIMT HIMT HIMT
unconscious
HIMT HIMTpatient.
3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT TakeHIMTRadio
HIMTMedical
HIMT HIMT Advice.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2. HIMT
Do not make
HIMT HIMTthe patient
HIMT vomit.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
4.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT If conscious, giveHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 500HIMT
ml water to drink.
If HIMT Do not give
HIMT milk
HIMT with
HIMT thisHIMT
HIMT chemical.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
poisoning by: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Phosphorous, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Chlorinated
hydrocarbon, HIMT HIMT
decreasing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
solvents.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.HIMT
ForHIMTpoisoning
HIMT HIMT HIMT
by HIMTall HIMT HIMTcorrosive
other HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemicals give 500 ml milk to drink. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.HIMT
ForHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
non-corrosive HIMT20
– give HIMT
gmHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of activated
charcoal HIMT HIMT
dispersed in HIMT HIMT
500 ml HIMT followed
water, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
by 3 doses of 10 gm in 100 ml water HIMT HIMT HIMT
at HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Intervals of 20 minutes.
7. If chemical is not known,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Decide whether
HIMT HIMT corrosive
HIMT HIMT or non-corrosive
and treat.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT If cannot decide
HIMT HIMT HIMTgive
HIMT500HIMTmlHIMT
water
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT TakeHIMTRadio
HIMTMedical
HIMT HIMT Advice.
8.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Keep warm
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
bed.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT INHALATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DO’sHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DON’T’s
1. Ensure that rescuers are equipped with HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1. Do not give anything HIMT
by HIMT
mouthHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to an
self-breathing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT unconscious
apparatus. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
patient.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2. HIMT HIMT HIMT
If breathing – HIMT HIMTbackward
tilt head HIMT HIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMT
2. HIMT HIMT
Do not HIMT
give HIMT HIMT
alcohol, HIMT HIMT
morphine, HIMTother
or any HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
relieve obstructed breathing. stimulant.
3. If not breathing & pulse absent, give CPR
4. Place patient in unconscious position.
5. Remove obstructions to breathing and
maintain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clearHIMT
HIMT HIMT airway.
6. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Insert a Guedal
HIMT HIMT HIMT airway
HIMT to prevent
HIMT tongue
slipping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT back.
7. HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GiveHIMT
oxygen.
8.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTRadio
Obtain Medical
HIMT HIMT HIMTAdvice.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT SAFETY DATA
HIMT HIMT HIMT SHEET
• HIMT
Product HIMT HIMT
identifier HIMT HIMT
Product HIMT HIMT
name: HIMT HIMT HIMT
BENZENE HIMT HIMT HIMT
Synonym(s): HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
benzol;
cyclohexatriene; phenyl hydride; phene; coal naphtha; pyrobenzol
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT FIRST AID HIMT
HIMT HIMT MEASURES
• Description of first
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaid
measures
• First-aid measures general
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Move HIMTout
HIMTofHIMT
dangerous areaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Consult a physician
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Show HIMTthis
HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT
data HIMT HIMT
sheet to theHIMT HIMT HIMT
doctor HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in attendance
• Material may produce a serious, potentially fatal pneumonia if swallowed or
vomited

First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT after inhalation
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Remove
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
fresh airHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbreathing,
If not HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
institute HIMT HIMT
rescue HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
breathing
• If breathing is difficult, ensure airway is clear, give oxygen and continue to
monitor
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If heart hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT stopped,
HIMT HIMTimmediately
HIMT HIMT HIMTbegin
HIMT cardiopulmonary resuscitation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (CPR)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Keep affected person warm and at rest
• GET IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION
• HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT after skinHIMT
HIMT HIMT contact
•
• Immediately wash exposed skin with plenty of soap and water while removing
contaminated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclothing
HIMT HIMTandHIMTshoes
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT May beHIMT
HIMT absorbed
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMTthe skin
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
harmful amounts
• Get medical attention if irritation persists
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT after eyeHIMT
HIMT HIMT contact
• HIMT
Immediately HIMT
flush HIMT HIMT
eye(s) withHIMT HIMT HIMT
plenty HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of water
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Remove
HIMT HIMTcontact lenses
•
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeye
Protect unharmed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Keep HIMTeye
HIMTwide openHIMT
HIMT HIMT while
HIMTrinsing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• If eye irritation persists, consult aHIMT
specialist
• HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT after ingestion
• Do not induce vomiting because of danger of aspirating liquid into lungs,
causing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT serious
HIMT HIMT damage
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMTpneumonitis
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If spontaneous vomiting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT occurs,
HIMT HIMT keep
HIMT HIMT head
HIMT HIMTbelow hips,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
HIMT if patient
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
lyingHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
down,HIMTturn
HIMT body
HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMTtoHIMT
head sideHIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent HIMT HIMT
aspiration andHIMT HIMT HIMT
monitor forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
breathing difficulty
• Never
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgive anything
HIMT HIMT by mouth
an HIMT
unconscious person.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Keep
HIMT HIMT affected
person
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT warm
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTatHIMT
rest. GET
HIMT HIMTIMMEDIATE
HIMT HIMT HIMT MEDICAL ATTENTION
First-aid
HIMT HIMT HIMT for accidents
HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMTgiven in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTICS
HIMTCargo Data
HIMT HIMT HIMTSheets.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe familiar
HIMT with
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT first-aid procedure
Medical HIMT HIMT
advice HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMTinHIMT
be sought theHIMT
eventHIMTofHIMT
an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accident.
The emergency showers should be used immediately
The
HIMT HIMTtreatment for most
HIMT HIMT is toHIMT
HIMT HIMT flush with
HIMT HIMTwater for HIMT
HIMT HIMT at least 15 minutes
and
remove theHIMT
HIMT HIMT affected clothing.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
For HIMT HIMT HIMT
symptoms HIMT HIMT
of vapour HIMT HIMT HIMT
exposure HIMT HIMT HIMT
the treatment forHIMT HIMT
most HIMT HIMT
cargoes isHIMT
to : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Remove the victim to fresh air
Give
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTartificial
HIMT HIMT resuscitation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTif breathing
HIMT HIMT has stopped
HIMT HIMT or isHIMT
HIMT HIMT weakHIMT/ HIMT
irregular.
Antidotes
HIMT HIMT HIMT for cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMTareHIMTavailable on board
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT HIMT should
personnel HIMT HIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT and
instructed HIMT HIMT HIMT
drilled inHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
technique ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and in basic first aid.
Accidents to personnel due to skin contact, ingestion, inhalation pleases note the
following simple first aid do‘s and don‘ts.

HOW
HIMT HIMT HIMT TO HIMT
HIMT HIMT GIVE FIRST
HIMT AIDHIMT
HIMT HIMT FOR CHEMICAL
HIMT BURNS
When a toxic chemical is splashed into the eye(s), it could cause serious
complications
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMTlead toHIMT
HIMT blindness.
HIMT HIMT HIMTSymptoms
HIMT HIMT HIMT
· HIMTIrritation
HIMT HIMTin
HIMT
eyeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
· Eye Burns
· HIMTWatering
HIMT HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT eye
Treatment
HIMT HIMT HIMT
· HIMTLay
HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT
person onHIMT
theHIMT
floorHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
· Keep eye lids open forcibly
· HIMTUse
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclean cold
HIMT HIMT water
HIMT HIMT to wash
HIMT HIMT eyes gently
· HIMTKeep
HIMT HIMT HIMT washing
HIMT HIMT steadily
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT at least 20 minutes
HIMT HIMT HIMT
· HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Rinse/wash hands thoroughly to remove chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
· HIMTIfHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT wearing contact
HIMT HIMT lensHIMT
HIMT HIMT remove them
· Do not rub eyes
· HIMTDo
HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMT use
HIMT eye
HIMT drops
HIMT untilHIMT
HIMT HIMT toldHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.1HIMT HIMT
OilHIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMTresponse
fire HIMT HIMT HIMTorganization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT HIMT
actionHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
taken
6.1 Fire Response Organisation
On
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTany vessel,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToilHIMTand chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankers, emergencies
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconsequences,
catastrophic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unless HIMT HIMT
proper actionHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
taken
Actions, therefore, must be prompt, timely and adequate
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is very essential
HIMTthe
HIMTship's staff
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
HIMT know
HIMTand fullyHIMT
HIMT HIMT understand theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT various
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
properties
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTMSDS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sheets areHIMT
the HIMT
bestHIMT HIMT HIMT
guides HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for understanding theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
Use of checklists as a reminder of things which may be required to be done in an
emergency
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin
HIMTmost cases
HIMT HIMT will
HIMT HIMTensure
HIMT HIMT that
HIMTthe
HIMTresponse is aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT little faster
HIMT in getting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
under control HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Find,
HIMT HIMT HIMT Inform,
HIMT HIMT HIMTRestrict
HIMT HIMTandHIMT extinguish
HIMT HIMT HIMT techniques
HIMT HIMT HIMTin attending to aHIMT
emergency
Fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMT
required in HIMT
HIMT HIMT the Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTContingency planHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Master HIMTensure
must HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTthe
HIMTresponsible
HIMT HIMT HIMTcrewHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
members areHIMT HIMTauthorized
duly HIMT HIMT HIMT
to HIMT
stopHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT event
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
an HIMT
emergency or ifHIMT
the HIMT
opinion of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT duty officer
HIMT HIMT suchHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
stoppage
HIMT HIMT HIMT is necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto prevent
HIMT HIMTan emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT situation
Duty
HIMT HIMT HIMT officer
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust inform
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTofficer
HIMT HIMT and/or theHIMT
HIMT HIMT master in HIMT
HIMT HIMT any HIMT
event
HIMTof anHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
emergency situation at the earliest opportunity HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTactions
HIMT HIMTthatHIMTmay
HIMT need to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTtaken in an
HIMT HIMT HIMTemergency:
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stop cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTwork,
HIMT HIMT bunkering,
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor HIMTballasting
immediately HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT disconnect
HIMT HIMT HIMThoses
HIMTifHIMT
alongside
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTterminal
HIMT HIMTor a ship
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inform the HIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal/ship
HIMT HIMT HIMTif alongside the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT terminal/ship
—HIMT
if at HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
terminal, HIMT HIMThelp
external HIMT may
be summoned
— cast off any boats which are alongside
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT if at
HIMTanchor,
HIMT HIMTalert
HIMTport
HIMTauthorities
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT identify
HIMT HIMToil/chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT involved
HIMT HIMTandHIMTany
HIMT other cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMTmay beHIMT
HIMT at risk
HIMT if theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
fire spreads HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
--- if at sea, manoeuvre the vessel in such a way that the spread of fire can be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrestricted
HIMT HIMTand HIMT it canHIMT
HIMT thenHIMTbeHIMT
tackled from
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT windward
HIMT HIMTsideHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cool
HIMT other compartments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT especially if they
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarry flammable
—HIMT
select HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
the fire-fighting HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be used
Tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfire
HIMTresponse
HIMT HIMT HIMTorganization
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTaction
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
be taken:
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
theHIMT
ship HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
aground HIMTtherefore
manoeuvre, all HIMT HIMT HIMT
possible HIMT HIMT
sources ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition should be eliminated and action taken to prevent flammable vapours from
entering
HIMT machinery
HIMT HIMT HIMT spaces or the
HIMT HIMT HIMTaccommodation.
Should anHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
explosion andHIMT
a HIMT
fire HIMT
occur HIMTonHIMT HIMT HIMT
board, HIMT HIMT
sound theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
GENERAL HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ALARM
immediately.

Further
HIMT HIMT HIMT actions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe initiated
HIMT HIMT in HIMT accordance
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTthe ship´s
HIMT Muster
HIMT HIMT HIMT List.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT case ofHIMT
HIMT fire HIMT
and HIMT
explosion
HIMT HIMT the following
HIMT HIMT HIMTpriorities
HIMT HIMT exist:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Rescuing
HIMT HIMTlives
 Limiting the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdamage/
HIMT HIMT danger to the
HIMT HIMT HIMTship
HIMTand
HIMTcargo
 Preventing environmental pollution
Steps
HIMT HIMT HIMT to control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT of oil
HIMT will
HIMTdepend
HIMT HIMTlargely onHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
damage to HIMT
HIMT HIMT shipHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo.
6.2 Fire hazards associated with cargo handling and transportation of
hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand noxious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids in HIMT
HIMT HIMT bulk: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Fire hazards associated with NLS as:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT someHIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMTgive out oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen on HIMT
HIMT HIMT fire, HIMT
thereby supporting
HIMTfire
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT someHIMTchemical fires,HIMT
source of ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmayHIMTbe heat
HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMT a reaction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
cargo itselfHIMT HIMT HIMT mixing
or through HIMT HIMTwithHIMTother
chemicals
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT someHIMTchemicals
miscible
HIMT HIMTin water and
HIMT HIMT hence
HIMT theirHIMT
HIMT HIMT presence
HIMT HIMTmay
HIMT not
HIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
recognized
—HIMT HIMT
heavier than
HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
HIMT and
HIMT insoluble
HIMT HIMT HIMTin water.
These mayHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT using
smothered HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT evolve large
HIMT HIMT HIMTvolumes
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
toxic vapours
HIMT HIMT HIMT when heated
— some chemicals have a low auto-ignition temperature
There
HIMT HIMT riskHIMT
of re-ignition
HIMT HIMT chemicals
6.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTagents
HIMT HIMTused HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
extinguish oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT fires
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT water
HIMTisHIMT
theHIMT
most HIMTcommon
HIMT HIMTcooling
HIMT HIMT agent, butHIMT
HIMT HIMT notHIMT
suitable for direct
extinguishing of an oil or chemical fire HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT foamHIMT isHIMT
an aggregation
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMTsmall bubbles,
HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
lower
HIMT HIMT HIMT specific
HIMT HIMT gravity
HIMT HIMT HIMTthan oil orHIMT
HIMT HIMT water
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT carbon dioxide
HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMTanHIMT
excellent
HIMT HIMT smothering
HIMT HIMT HIMT
agent for extinguishing fires and is mostHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin
beneficial HIMT HIMT HIMTareas
enclosed HIMT HIMT
suchHIMTasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump-
rooms
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT DryHIMTChemical
HIMT HIMTPowder
HIMT HIMT(DCP) is discharged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMT an
HIMTextinguisher
HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMTa HIMT
free HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT cloud
HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
alcohol HIMT HIMT
resistant HIMT HIMT
foams HIMT HIMT
possess good HIMT
lowHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
expansion HIMT HIMTand
properties HIMTare
adaptable
HIMT HIMT HIMT to various
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlowHIMTexpansion
HIMT HIMT HIMT foamHIMT generators
Fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT agents
HIMT HIMTused
HIMT HIMTto extinguish
HIMT HIMT HIMToil HIMTand
HIMTchemical fires:
Water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid
Combustible HIMT HIMT
firesHIMT HIMT have
which HIMT HIMT
notHIMT
beenHIMT HIMT HIMT
burning forHIMT
an HIMT HIMT HIMT
extended HIMT HIMT
period, canHIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT
extinguished by water fog or water spray if the whole burning surface is accessible

Surface
theHIMT
burning oil transfers
HIMT HIMT its heat
HIMT HIMT HIMT rapidly
HIMT HIMT HIMTto water
HIMT HIMTdroplets
HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT present
HIMT HIMTa HIMT HIMT HIMT
very
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlarge
HIMT HIMTcooling surface
HIMT HIMT areaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Flame canHIMT be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
extinguished HIMT
with HIMT HIMT HIMT
advancing andHIMT HIMT HIMT
oscillating HIMT HIMT
sweeps ofHIMT
fogHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or spray
across the complete width of the fire
Any
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil
HIMTfireHIMT
which has HIMT
HIMT HIMT been burning
some
HIMTtime is more
HIMT HIMT difficult
HIMT HIMT HIMTto
HIMT extinguish
HIMT HIMT HIMTwithHIMT HIMT HIMT
water,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsinceHIMT the oil will
HIMT HIMT HIMThave been
HIMT HIMT HIMTheated
HIMT HIMTto a HIMT
HIMT progressively
HIMT HIMT HIMTgreater
HIMT HIMT depth andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
cannot readily be cooled to a point where it ceases to give off gas.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Water should only be applied to oil fires as a spray or fog
Use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a water
HIMT jet HIMT
HIMT HIMT mayHIMTspread the burning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oil
HIMTbyHIMT
splashing
HIMT HIMTor overflow.
Foam
Foam
HIMT HIMT fire HIMT
protection
HIMT HIMT purposes is an
HIMT HIMT HIMT aggregate
HIMT of air-filled
HIMT HIMT HIMT bubbles
HIMT HIMT HIMT formed
HIMT HIMT fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
aqueous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT solutions,
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTisHIMT
lower
HIMTinHIMT
density than
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTlightest
HIMT HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids. It isHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
mainly used to form a coherent floating blanket on flammable and combustibleHIMT HIMT HIMT
liquids
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
prevent or toHIMT
HIMT HIMT extinguish firesHIMT
excluding
HIMT HIMT airHIMT
and cooling
fuel. It HIMT
HIMT alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevents re-ignition by suppressing formation of flammable vapours.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It has theHIMT HIMT HIMT
property
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of adhering
HIMT to surfaces,providing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT
degree of exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprotection fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfires.
adjacent HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Foam
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
HIMT HIMT a fire
HIMTprevention,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrol,
HIMT HIMTor extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTagentHIMTfor
HIMT flammable
liquid in tanks or processing areas. Foam solution for these hazards
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may be supplied
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
by fixed systems or portable foam generating systems.
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTypes. The
HIMT HIMT HIMTprincipal use HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT of foam is HIMT
HIMT HIMT to extinguish
HIMT HIMT HIMTburning
HIMT HIMTflammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT
combustible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid spills
tankHIMT
fires
HIMTbyHIMT
developing a coherent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcoolant
HIMT HIMTblanket.
HIMT HIMTFoamHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
onlyHIMT permanent extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT agent used
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
HIMT fires
HIMTofHIMT
thisHIMT
type.
HIMTItsHIMTapplication
allows fire fighters to extinguish fires progressively. A foam blanket covering a
liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT surface
HIMT HIMT is capable
preventing
HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMTtransmission
HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMTsome time,
HIMT HIMT HIMTdepending
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT its HIMT
stability and HIMT
HIMT HIMT thickness.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTspills
Fuel HIMT HIMTmayHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
rendered HIMT
safe byHIMT HIMTblanketing.
foam HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The HIMT HIMT
blanket HIMTbe
may HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
removed
after a suitable period of time.
Foam
HIMT HIMT to diminish
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor halt
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT generation of flammable
HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTnon-
burning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT liquids or solids,
HIMTtoHIMT
cutHIMT
off access
HIMT HIMTto airHIMT
HIMT for combustion. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content of foam cools and diminishes oxygen by steam displacement. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Foam is also used to fill cavities or enclosures where toxic or flammable gases may
collect.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Foam solutions
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT conductive and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT therefore
HIMT HIMTnotHIMT
recommended to beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT usedHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for
HIMT HIMT HIMTfires.

Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT Concentrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Types
HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Protein foamHIMTconcentrate.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIt isHIMT HIMT HIMT
diluted withHIMT HIMT HIMT
water HIMT HIMT
to form 3% HIMT
to 6% HIMT solutions
depending on the type and, in general, it is only used for crude oil fires.
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Fluoroprotein
HIMT HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT concentrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMTvery
HIMTsimilar to HIMT
HIMT HIMT protein
HIMTfoam concentrates.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ItHIMT
mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
also
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdeposit
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
vaporization
HIMT HIMT HIMTpreventing film HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT on the
HIMTsurface
HIMT HIMTofHIMTa liquid fuel.
HIMT HIMT It is
HIMT HIMTdiluted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
to form 3%HIMTto 6%HIMTsolutions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon
depending HIMT HIMT
the HIMT and
type, HIMT HIMT
is usedHIMT for
HIMTcrude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil or refined oil products where a higher degree of protection is preferred.
3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Special ‗alcohol
HIMT HIMT type‘
HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT concentrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT forms a foam
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT has anHIMT
HIMT insoluble
HIMT HIMT barrier
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
bubble
HIMT structure which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresists
HIMT HIMT breakdown
HIMT HIMT HIMTat HIMT
the HIMT
interface of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTfuel
HIMTand
HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTItHIMT
blanket. is HIMT
usedHIMT HIMT
for HIMT HIMTfires
fighting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in water HIMT HIMT
solution HIMTcertain
and HIMT HIMTflammable
combustible liquids and solvents that are destructive to regular foam. Mainly used for
protection
HIMT HIMT HIMT onboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers.
4.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Synthetic
HIMT HIMT foam concentrate
HIMT HIMT includes:
HIMT HIMT HIMT AFFF
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMT medium and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT highHIMT
expansion
HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrates are used to produce foam or foam-to-solution volume ratios from 20:1HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT approx. 1000:1
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
usedHIMT forHIMT
local protection
HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT engineHIMTroom hi-ex
HIMT HIMT systems.
SOLAS
HIMT HIMT HIMT Rules.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFor ships
HIMT HIMTcarrying
HIMT HIMT chemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT
oilsHIMT
in bulk, SOLAS/IMO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequire a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT deck
fixed HIMT HIMT
foam HIMT HIMT HIMT
system forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
extinguishing HIMTon
fires HIMT HIMTor
deck HIMTin HIMT
tanks.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT principle,
HIMT HIMT the systems
HIMT HIMTareHIMTidentical; however,
chemical
HIMT HIMTtankers,
HIMT HIMT IMOHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdue
type 2 and 3, the foam system is considerably larger than for crude oil tankers, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
higher
HIMTrisk
HIMTof fireHIMT
HIMT in chemicals.
Design
HIMT HIMT HIMT Figures
Oil
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tankers.
HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT foam HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTcapacity
HIMT HIMT shall be HIMT
HIMT HIMT a minimum
HIMTlargest
HIMT HIMTofHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
entire cargo tank deck covered with 0.6 l/ m2/min. or 6.0 l/m2/min. for the largest
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank.
Chemical HIMT HIMT
Tankers. TheHIMTfoam
HIMT HIMT
systemHIMT capacity
HIMT HIMT HIMT
shallHIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT of
a minimum HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
largest of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the entire cargo tank deck covered with 2.0 l/m2/min. or 20 l/m2/min. for the largest
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank.
There areHIMT HIMT HIMT
several HIMT HIMTtypes
different HIMT HIMTof HIMT
foam HIMTconcentrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT available.
These HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
include
standard protein foam, fluoro-protein foams and synthetic concentrates. The
synthetics
HIMT HIMT HIMT divided intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT Aqueous
HIMT HIMTFilm
HIMTForming
HIMT HIMTFoam
HIMT HIMT(AFFF) forHIMT
HIMT HIMT normal use,HIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT surfactant-type
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMTconcentrates
HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMT use withHIMT
HIMT HIMT alcohols
HIMT HIMTand fuelsHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
blended HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT quantities
significant HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
alcohol HIMT HIMT HIMT
(AR-AFFF). HIMT HIMT HIMT
Normally, theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
protein,
fluoro-protein and AFFF concentrates are used at 3 - 6% by volume concentration in
water.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT surfactant typeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrates
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMT available for use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT1 HIMT
- 6%HIMT HIMT HIMT
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT volume concentrations.
Alcohol-Resistant Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AR-AFFF) creates a physical,
polymer
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmembrane
HIMT HIMT HIMT barrier between
foamHIMTblanket
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtheHIMTfuel
HIMTsurface.
HIMT HIMTAR-AFFF
suppresses
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Class B hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfiresHIMT
(diesel, gasoline,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTkerosene,
HIMT HIMT HIMT etc.)
HIMTand
HIMT polar
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
solvent/water HIMT HIMT
miscible fuelHIMT
firesHIMT HIMT HIMT
(alcohol HIMT
(e.g. HIMT HIMT HIMT
methanol, HIMT HIMT
ethanol), HIMT HIMT
ketones andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ethers
(e.g. MTBE / ETBE products)). In addition, AR-AFFF suppresses the hazardous
vapours emitted from fires or
spills of these materials.

High
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT expansion
HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam, made
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT surfactant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconcentrates,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis available,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexpansion
with HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from
ratios HIMT HIMT
aboutHIMT200:1
HIMT HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
1,000:1. HIMT HIMT
A foam HIMT HIMTwhich
generator, HIMT HIMT
may HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
fixed or mobile, sprays foam solution onto a fine mesh net through which air is driven
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a fan.
HIMTHigh expansion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT limited
HIMT uses. It is
HIMT HIMT most
HIMT HIMToften used
rapidly
HIMTfill
HIMTanHIMT HIMT HIMT
enclosed
extinguish a fire
HIMT displacing
HIMT HIMT free air in
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT compartment.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHighHIMT HIMT HIMT
expansion HIMTis
foam HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
generally HIMT HIMTfor
unsuitable HIMTuse
HIMT inHIMT HIMT HIMT
outside HIMT HIMT HIMT
locations as itHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cannot
readily be directed onto a hot unconfined spill fire and is quickly dispersed in light
winds.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT expansion
High HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
systems areHIMT HIMT HIMT
being HIMT HIMT
enhanced HIMTthe
with HIMTintroduction
a HIMT
newHIMT HIMT HIMT
development called ―Hot Foam‖, which is now being increasingly used on tankers as
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT replacement for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT halon.
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT applicators
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe directed
HIMT HIMT HIMTaway fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMTpetroleum fires
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT until
HIMTany
HIMTwater
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in the system has been flushed clear. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMTcome intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT contact withHIMT
HIMT HIMT any electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment
Carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDioxide
Carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT dioxide
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
an HIMT
effective smothering
HIMT HIMT agent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTextinguishing firesHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in enclosed
spaces
HIMT HIMT it will
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMTbe widely
HIMT diffused
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT where personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbe HIMTevacuated
quickly (e.g. machinery spaces, pump rooms and electrical switchboard rooms). HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Carbon dioxide is comparatively ineffective on an open deck or jetty area.
Carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdioxide
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTnot
HIMTdamage delicate
HIMT HIMT HIMT machinery
HIMT HIMT or instruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand, being
nonconductor, canHIMT
be HIMT
used HIMT HIMT HIMT
safely on orHIMT HIMT HIMT
around HIMT HIMTequipment
electrical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
even HIMT HIMT
it isHIMT HIMT HIMT
energised. Due to the possibility of static electricity generation, carbon dioxide
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
HIMT injected intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT any
HIMT space
HIMT HIMTcontaining
HIMT HIMT HIMTan HIMTun-ignited
atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is asphyxiating and cannot be detected by sight or smell. All
personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT therefore
HIMT HIMT evacuate
HIMTarea before
HIMT HIMT HIMT carbon
HIMT HIMTdioxide
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
discharged.
No
HIMT HIMT HIMT one
HIMT should
HIMT then
HIMT HIMT enter
HIMT HIMT confined or partially
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconfined spaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT where
HIMT HIMT carbon dioxide
has been discharged unless supervised and protected by suitable breathingHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
apparatus and a lifeline. Canister type respirators should not be used. Any
compartment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that has HIMT
HIMT HIMT been flooded
HIMT with
HIMT HIMT carbon
dioxide
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT fullyHIMT
ventilated and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT checked
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
sufficient oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT before
HIMT HIMT HIMT entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
without breathing apparatus.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTChemical Powder:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Dry HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical, as aHIMT HIMTinhibitor,
flame HIMT HIMT HIMT
is aHIMT HIMT HIMT
material thatHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
extinguishes HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
flames of aHIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT
by interfering chemically with the combustion process. Dry chemicals have a
negligible
HIMT HIMT HIMT cooling
HIMT HIMT HIMT effect
HIMT HIMT and,
HIMT HIMTifHIMT
re-ignition
HIMT HIMTdue
HIMT to
HIMT the
HIMTpresence of hot
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT metal surfaces
isHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to be prevented,
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT fuelHIMT
must beHIMT
HIMT removed orHIMT
HIMT HIMT cooledHIMT using water.
Certain types of dry chemical can cause the breakdown of a foam blanket and only
those labeled as being foam compatible should be used in conjunction with foam.

Dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical mayHIMT
discharged
HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMTanHIMT
extinguisher,
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
hoseHIMTreel
HIMTnozzle,
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT monitor,
truck HIMT HIMT HIMT
or aHIMT
fixed HIMT HIMT HIMT
system of HIMT HIMT HIMT
nozzles as aHIMTfreeHIMT HIMT HIMT
flowing HIMTItHIMT
cloud. HIMT HIMT
is most HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
effective
in dealing with a fire resulting from an oil spill by providing rapid fire knock-down, and
can
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalso be used
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
confined
HIMT HIMT spaces
HIMT HIMTwhere
HIMT HIMTprotection against
HIMT HIMT inhalation
powder
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMTbe
HIMTnecessary.
HIMT HIMT HIMT It HIMT
is especially useful
HIMT HIMT HIMT on burning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquids
HIMT HIMTescaping fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
leaking pipelines and joints. It is a non-conductor and is suitable therefore for dealingHIMT HIMT HIMT
with electrical fires. It must be directed into the flames.
Dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical clogs
HIMTbecomes
HIMT HIMT HIMT unusable
HIMT HIMT if HIMT
it isHIMT
allowed to HIMT
HIMT HIMT become damp
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stored or when extinguishers are being filled. Dry chemical is prone to settlement HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and compaction caused by vibration.
Maintenance
HIMT HIMT HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT include
HIMT HIMT a schedule
inverting
HIMT HIMTor rolling
HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
extinguishers to keep the dry chemical powder in a free flowing state. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.4
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFixed fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam HIMT system operations:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
FoamHIMTmains
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT UseHIMT
of HIMT
monitors andHIMT
HIMT HIMT cannons
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
large
HIMTcapacity
HIMT HIMTmonitors
• Fixed foam fire-fighting system
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Layout of fixed
HIMT HIMT HIMT foam installation
• Operational principle of extinguishing oil/chemical fire
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTusing
HIMT HIMTfoamHIMTas anHIMT
HIMT extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMTmedium
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTadvantages
HIMT HIMT HIMTof foam
HIMT HIMTas anHIMT
HIMT extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT medium
• Different types of foam:
• — mechanical
• —
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTlowHIMTexpansion
HIMT HIMT HIMT foamHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTmedium
expansion HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
foam
• ---- high expansion foam
Components
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and pipeline
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTfixed
HIMT HIMTfoamHIMTinstallation which
HIMT HIMT HIMT includes
HIMT HIMT
following:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTfoam tank
•
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT foam pump
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTproportionator
• foam applicator
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTfixed foam
HIMT HIMT monitor
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMTgauge
•
flexible hoseHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• — screw down valves
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTfire
HIMTmain hydrant
HIMT HIMT connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to fire
HIMT main
HIMT HIMTsystem
Initial HIMT
action HIMT
on HIMT HIMT HIMT
discovering theHIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• — isolates the source of leak
• — activates the alarm

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTinforms
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTstation of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTincident
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTtakes appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(immediate) measures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthatHIMT permit
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTcontainment
theHIMT
fire HIMT
as anHIMT HIMT action
initial HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Practical demonstration of the proper fire fighting procedure using fixed foam
system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as regards
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTdons fireHIMT
HIMT HIMT suitHIMTand
HIMTpersonal protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gear and
HIMT HIMT brings
HIMT appropriate
equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• — activates the release of the foam in the fixed foam system following the
correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sequence
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT — HIMTapproaches
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTfire
HIMTwith
HIMTaHIMT
charged
HIMT HIMT hose
• —
extinguishes the fire by applying the proper HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fire-fighting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
technique
As
HIMT HIMT HIMT perHIMT
HIMT FSS HIMTcode 2.3.1.2.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT system shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
capable of discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT through fixedHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT outlets
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in
HIMTnoHIMT
moreHIMTthan 5 min,
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
quantity
HIMT HIMTof foam sufficient
produce anHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
effective foam blanket over the largest single area over which oil fuel is liable toHIMT HIMT HIMT
spread.
System
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDescription.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT All HIMT
foamHIMTsystems, consist
a water supply,
HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
storage, HIMT HIMT HIMT
proportioning HIMT HIMT
device andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem.
a distribution HIMT HIMTTheHIMTwater
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
supply HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump(s)
provide(s)
HIMT HIMT HIMT certain
HIMT capacity
seawater
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
theHIMT
deckHIMTfoam system,
HIMTis/are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
supplied by the ship‘s fire pumps.
The foam liquid is stored in a tank. The tank must be complete with vent, contents
gauge,
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT access
HIMT manhole.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam is delivered
HIMT HIMT via HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a high
HIMTpressure foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT liquid pump
theHIMT
automatic
HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquid proportionator, which will accurately proportionate foam liquid at 3% to 6% toHIMT HIMT HIMT
the seawater flow, irrespective of flow rate or pressure.
For
HIMT HIMT HIMT satisfactory
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operation
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT proportionator,
HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMT HIMT must be HIMT
HIMT HIMT supplied withHIMT
HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT
minimum
HIMT HIMT HIMT of at
HIMT HIMT least
HIMT HIMT10
HIMTmetres head
HIMT HIMT HIMThigher
HIMT HIMTthanHIMTthe inlet
HIMT HIMTwater pressure
under HIMT HIMT
all load HIMT HIMTThe
conditions. HIMT electrically
driven foam HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquid pump HIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided forHIMT
thisHIMT HIMT HIMT
purpose.
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT solution
HIMT HIMT is supplied
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT deck
HIMT HIMTmonitors and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hand lines
HIMT HIMTby theHIMT
HIMT deck
HIMTmain
fitted with isolating valves. Each monitor is isolated from the main supply pipe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
means of butterfly valves, which are normally closed. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Four portable foam-making branch pipes are provided. Each branch pipe has a
solution
HIMT HIMT HIMT rate
HIMT HIMT HIMTof 400
HIMT l/min.

6.5 Portable fire-fighting foam operations:
Portable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment areHIMT
extinguishers
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTapplicator foam
Applicator
HIMT HIMT HIMT foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdemonstration
Practical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the HIMT HIMTuse
proper HIMTof
HIMT HIMT HIMT
portable HIMTfire
foam HIMTextinguishers
— dons fire suit and personal protective gear and
--- brings appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment
—
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT approaches the fire HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT withHIMT
a charged
HIMT HIMThose
—
activates portable foam extinguisher andHIMT
extinguishes theHIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
by applying the HIMT HIMT HIMT
proper fire-fighting technique
Applied
HIMT HIMT fuelHIMT
fires asHIMT
HIMT either an
HIMT aspirated
HIMT HIMT HIMT(mixed
HIMT HIMT& HIMT
expanded
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTair
HIMTinHIMT
a branch
pipe) or non aspirated form to form a frothy blanket or seal over the fuel, preventing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
oxygen reaching it. Unlike powder, foam can be used to progressively extinguish
fires
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTflashback.
 HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT AFFFHIMT(aqueous filmHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT forming foam),
HIMT HIMT HIMTused on A
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT B HIMT
HIMT firesHIMT
andHIMTfor HIMT
vaporHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
suppression. The most common type in portable foam extinguishers. It contains HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
[12] HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fluoro
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tensides
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which can
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT accumulated
human
HIMT body.
HIMT HIMTTheHIMTlong-term
effects
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of this
HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMTthe human
HIMT body
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTenvironment
HIMT HIMT HIMT are
HIMTunclear
HIMT HIMTat thisHIMT
HIMT time.
 HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT AR-AFFF
HIMT HIMT(Alcohol-resistant aqueous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT filmHIMT
HIMT HIMT forming foams),
HIMT HIMT used
HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
fuel fires
containing HIMT HIMT
alcohol. FormsHIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
membrane HIMT HIMT
between theHIMT
fuelHIMT
andHIMT
theHIMT
foam HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
preventing
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT alcohol
HIMT from
HIMT HIMT breaking
HIMT HIMT HIMTdown theHIMT
HIMT HIMT foam blanket.
 FFFP (film forming fluoroprotein) contains
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT naturally
HIMT HIMToccurring proteins
HIMT HIMT HIMT from
animal by-products and synthetic film-forming agents to create a foam blanket
that is more heat resistant than the strictly synthetic AFFF foams. FFFP works HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
well on alcohol-based liquids and is used widely in motorsports.

 HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT CAFSHIMT(compressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT air HIMT
foamHIMTsystem) Any HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT APW HIMTstyle extinguisher
charged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT a foam
HIMT HIMT solution andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT pressurized with
HIMT HIMT HIMT compressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTair.
HIMTGenerally
used HIMT HIMT HIMT
extend HIMT HIMT
a water HIMT HIMT
supply HIMT HIMT
in wildland HIMT HIMTUsed
operations. HIMT HIMT HIMT A
on class HIMT HIMT
fires andHIMT
withHIMT
veryHIMT HIMT HIMT
dry foam on class B for vapor suppression. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Portable
HIMT HIMT foam extinguisher
6.6 Fixed dry chemical system operations
Fixed dry HIMT HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMT
system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operations
Layout of fixed DCP installation
Operational
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT principle
HIMT HIMTof extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil/chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMTfire
—HIMT HIMT
HIMTDCP as an
HIMT HIMT extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmedium
—HIMT HIMT
advantages HIMT HIMT
of DCP as anHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT medium
extinguishing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Initial action on discovering the fire
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT isolates theHIMT
HIMT HIMT source
HIMT of leak
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT activates
HIMT HIMT the alarm
—HIMT HIMT
informs the HIMT HIMT station
control HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
incident
— takes appropriate (immediate) measures that permit the containment of the
fire as an HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT initial
HIMTaction
Proper
HIMT HIMT HIMT fire‑fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT procedure
HIMT HIMTusing fixed
HIMT HIMT DCP
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMTincludes
—HIMT HIMT
donning fireHIMT
suitHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
personal HIMT HIMT HIMT
protective gearHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
brings HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
appropriate
equipment
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT activating
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTrelease ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
DCPHIMT in the
HIMTfixed DCP
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT following
correct sequence of operation of valves and levers
--- approaching the fire with a charged hose HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—extinguishing the fire by applying the proper fire-fighting technique such as
sweeping
HIMT HIMT HIMT action
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMTtheHIMT
overall
HIMT area of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTfire

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpowder
Dry HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
extinguishing HIMT HIMT HIMT
method for HIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
protection HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
onboard
chemical
Many new chemical tankers use dry powder extinguishing system as the main fire
fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT method
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMT
the HIMT
cargo tank
HIMT HIMTextinguishing area.
These
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
be found centralized
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpowder systems
HIMT possibilities ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT discharging
several HIMT HIMT kgs
thousand HIMT of
powder
Release boxes and hose reels are strategically located on deck so that any point can
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT reached byHIMT
HIMT HIMT twoHIMT
hoses, eachHIMT
HIMT HIMT being
HIMTusually max
HIMT HIMT HIMT25
HIMTmHIMT
length
On smaller vessels self-contained powder containers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of 1000-3000 kgsHIMT
located
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in small deckhouses. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
IMO-Code accepts dry powder as equivalent to foam
Dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT powder
HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMTdecided
HIMT HIMTlimitations,
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT are
HIMTexplained
HIMT HIMT HIMT below.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTextinguishing effect
dryHIMT
powder originates
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmainly
HIMT HIMT from
HIMTan inhibiting
HIMT effect
HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
the combustion. The smothering and cooling effects are small. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Comparing
HIMT HIMT HIMT other fire
HIMT extinguishing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmedium, dry chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT powder canHIMT
HIMT HIMT break
HIMTdown
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMTreaction
HIMT HIMT within
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
fireHIMT
andHIMT
suppresses theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT flames
HIMT almost
HIMT HIMTimmediately
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpowder
Dry HIMT HIMT system
is consisted of HIMT
dry HIMT HIMT HIMT
powder HIMT nitrogen
tank, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bottles, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
release
systems, as well as releasing powder gun of powder, connecting hoses and other
equipment
Powder
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks include
HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTswitches andHIMT
HIMT HIMTcontrol valve
HIMT HIMT to keep
HIMT HIMT
pressure, the HIMT
top HIMT HIMT
bottle HIMT HIMT
valve can HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhile
be configured, HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
areaHIMT HIMT HIMT
valves canHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
choose
releasing area
Powder
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTextinguishing medium
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT faced
HIMT HIMT hot HIMT
HIMT HIMT air at more
HIMT thanHIMT
HIMT HIMT 70℃HIMTwhich is HIMT
HIMT HIMT going
decompose out water vapor and CO2, to achieve effective fire extinguish

InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT DCP (dry
HIMT chemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT powder) fire extinguishers
HIMT HIMT HIMT mono
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTammonium
HIMT HIMT HIMTphosphate is used
Some
HIMT HIMT HIMT more
HIMT HIMT chemicals
HIMT compound
HIMT also used
HIMT HIMT e.g.
HIMT sodium
HIMT bicarbonate,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpotassium
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpotassium
bicarbonate, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
chloride
Fast, efficient fire fighting capabilities
Insulating
HIMT HIMT HIMT properties
powder medium
HIMT HIMT make
suitable for HIMT
HIMT HIMT high-voltage objects
HIMT HIMT HIMT fire HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Simple
HIMT HIMT HIMT structure,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeasy for installation
Harmless HIMT HIMT
to human, noHIMT HIMT HIMT
damage toHIMT HIMT HIMTand
equipment HIMT buildings
During fire extinguishing process, it will not cause environmental temperature
changes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT LongHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT durability,
HIMT HIMTlow
HIMTcost. Effective
HIMT HIMT fight
HIMT HIMT against
HIMT allHIMT
HIMT HIMT types ofHIMT
HIMT firesHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTBulk DCP
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT onHIMT
HIMT HIMT Chemical
HIMT HIMTTanker

HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.7HIMT HIMT
SpillHIMTcontainment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMT HIMT HIMT to
relation HIMTfire-fighting
operations
Actions
be taken in HIMT
HIMT HIMT caseHIMT
of anHIMToil/
HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTspillage
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTpool fire as:
— prompt initiation of the Emergency Shut Down (ESD) will do much to limit the
amount
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of liquid
HIMT HIMT spilled
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTbecause of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT fish
HIMT plate,
HIMT restrict
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMToverflow
HIMT HIMT of
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT overboard
— HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsources
restrict HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition to HIMT
igniteHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour
— foam gently spread over the pool fire will smother and restrict it from spreading
— HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT jets HIMT
of water should
HIMT HIMT HIMT never
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
directed
HIMT HIMTonto burning
HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid, as this
HIMT HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTcause a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
violent increase in flame and spread the fire
— HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT when HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contained HIMT
in drip HIMT HIMT
trays, the HIMT
liquidHIMT HIMT
may HIMTbe
also HIMT HIMT HIMT
spilled ontoHIMT
theHIMT HIMTand
deck HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water-jet should therefore be avoided
Wear
HIMT HIMT HIMT full protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclothing and
HIMT HIMT take
HIMT HIMTadvantage
waterHIMTspray protection
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
theHIMTshipHIMT
isHIMT HIMT HIMT
aground HIMTtherefore
manoeuvre, all HIMT HIMT HIMT
possible HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
sources
ignition should be eliminated and action taken to prevent flammable vapours from
entering
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTmachinery
HIMT HIMT HIMTspaces or the
HIMT HIMT HIMTaccommodation.
Extension HIMT HIMT
of Hull HIMT HIMT
Damage HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ Containment HIMT HIMT
System HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Failure
First,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a visual
HIMT inspection
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
carried
HIMT out.
Check for HIMT HIMToil
visible HIMT HIMT hull
along HIMT orHIMT
inHIMT
wake HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
shipHIMT HIMT day
during HIMT time.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
At night HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a stick
with white cloth (or sheet of sorbent) around it may be lowered into the water
alongside
HIMT HIMT HIMT shipHIMT
to check forHIMT
HIMT HIMT oil leakages.
All ballast/ bunker tanks to be sounded
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (ullage),All
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTother compartments
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which may
have contact with the sea should be sounded to ensure that they are intact. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Soundings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof ballast
HIMT HIMT tanks/ bunkers
HIMTare
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT compared
HIMT HIMTwithHIMTlast
HIMTsoundings to HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
check
HIMT HIMT possible leaks.
Sounding to be taken around the ship establish the ship´s position on the grounding
HIMT HIMT HIMTarea.
When the HIMT
shipHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is aground, dueHIMT HIMT HIMT
regards HIMT be
should HIMTgiven
HIMT HIMT HIMT
to the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
indiscriminate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
opening
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ullage
HIMTplugs, sighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTports
HIMTetc.
HIMTasHIMTloss
HIMTof buoyancy
HIMT HIMT HIMTcould be HIMT
HIMT HIMT the result of HIMT
HIMT HIMT suchHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
actions.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AnyHIMTlist
HIMT
ofHIMT
the HIMT
shipHIMT
shallHIMT
beHIMT
notedHIMTand
HIMTincluded
HIMT HIMT HIMT
in theHIMT HIMT HIMT
report HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for assistance.
Procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT
Reduce or Stop
HIMT HIMT Outflow
HIMT HIMT of Oil
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTMaster
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT
assess the HIMT HIMT HIMT
possibility ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
damage HIMTenvironment
to the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
whatever
HIMT HIMT HIMT action
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbeHIMT
taken
HIMTto HIMTreduce
HIMT HIMT further damage
HIMTan oilHIMT
HIMT release, such
as:
 Transfer of bunkers internally provided shipboard piping system is in an
operational condition

HIMT HIMT HIMT  If the
HIMT HIMT damage
fairly
HIMTlimited andHIMT
HIMT HIMT restricted,
HIMT HIMT i.e.
HIMTto one
HIMT or HIMT
HIMT twoHIMT
tanks,
consideration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
given
HIMTtoHIMT
transfer of bunkers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT internally from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank(s)
damaged HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT
intact HIMT HIMT
tanks, HIMTinto
taking HIMTaccount
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTimpact
HIMT HIMTonHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ship´s
overall
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stress
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTstability
 Isolate damaged/
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT penetrated bunker
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank(s)
HIMT HIMT hermetically
HIMT HIMT to ensure
hydrostatic pressure in tanks remains intact during tidal changes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Evaluate possibility of pumping water into a damaged tank in order to form a
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbottom stopping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMToutfow of HIMT
HIMT HIMT oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT  Evaluate the necessity of transferringHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bunkers to HIMT
HIMT HIMT barges
HIMTor other
HIMT HIMTships
and request such assistance accordingly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT  Evaluate
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT HIMT possibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT of additional
HIMT release
HIMT HIMT HIMT of oil.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT HIMT
case ofHIMT HIMT
large HIMT HIMT HIMT
differences HIMT HIMT
between theHIMT HIMT
tide HIMT HIMT
levels, the HIMT HIMT should
Master HIMT HIMTtry
HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
isolate
the damaged tank(s) to reduce additional loss of bunker oil.

HIMT HIMT HIMT
7.2HIMT HIMT
ForHIMToilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers
7.2.1 HIMT HIMTINFORMATION
CARGO HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Information about cargoes to be handled is essential to the safety of the vessel and her crew. Such
information
HIMT HIMT HIMT may be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT found
HIMTon Material
HIMT Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMTData
HIMTSheets
HIMT HIMTfor each product,
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich also HIMT
HIMT HIMT includes
HIMTall
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
necessary data for the safe handling and carriage of the cargo.
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT information
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor HIMT
mostHIMT
chemical cargoes
keptHIMT
on board and HIMT
HIMT HIMT available
HIMT for allHIMT
HIMT concerned.
The
HIMT HIMTwill notHIMT
HIMT be loaded unless
HIMT HIMT HIMTsufficient
HIMT HIMTinformation necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor HIMT
its safe handling
HIMT and
transportation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is available. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT responsible officer
HIMT HIMT HIMTwill
HIMT see to HIMT
HIMT it thatHIMT
the HIMT
necessary cargo
HIMT HIMT information
is HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT postedHIMTonHIMT
the notice
HIMT HIMTboard
HIMTprior
HIMTtoHIMT
cargo operations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel HIMT HIMT
engaged HIMT HIMT
in cargo HIMT HIMT
operations HIMTfamiliarize
should HIMT HIMTthemselves
HIMT HIMT HIMT withHIMT
the HIMT HIMTby
cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
studying
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
MSDS.
Cargo HIMT HIMT
information HIMT HIMT HIMT
is fundamental HIMT HIMT
in cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
planning.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
List HIMT HIMT HIMT
of reference books HIMT HIMTcargo
where HIMT information
HIMT HIMT HIMT
mayHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be found.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1. HIMT HIMT
TankerHIMT HIMT HIMT
Safety Guide.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(Chemicals).
2. IBC CODE Book
7.2.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT Inerting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
Inerting, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
padding, HIMT HIMT
drying HIMT and
agents HIMT monitoring
techniques:
Environmental
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThazard control
HIMT HIMT HIMTof vapour
HIMT space
HIMT HIMT HIMT in cargo
HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT void
HIMT HIMTspaces
surrounding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT such
HIMT tanks may
HIMT HIMT HIMTrequire to HIMT
HIMT HIMT haveHIMT specially
HIMT HIMT controlled atmospheres.
There are four different types of control for cargo tanks as follows.
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Inerting
HIMT HIMT– HIMT
by filling theHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT associated
HIMT HIMT HIMT piping systems
HIMT HIMT and,
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
specified in chapter 15 of IBC Code, the spaces surrounding the cargo tanks, withHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor vapour
HIMT which
HIMT HIMT HIMT will
HIMT not
HIMT support combustion
HIMT HIMT HIMT whichHIMTwill
HIMTnot
HIMTreact withHIMT
cargo,
HIMT HIMT maintaining
condition.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Padding – HIMT HIMT HIMT
by filling theHIMT HIMTtank
cargo HIMT HIMT
associated HIMTsystems
piping HIMT HIMT HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a liquid,
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMTvapour,
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMTseparates theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo from
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTair,
HIMTand maintaining
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
condition.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTe.g.HIMTforHIMT
a bulk cargo
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT Phosphorus,
HIMT HIMT HIMTyellow
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
white
HIMTshould
HIMT HIMThave
HIMT at
HIMTallHIMT HIMT HIMT
times,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
loaded, carried
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT discharged under
waterHIMTpad
HIMT of 760
HIMT HIMTmmHIMT minimum
depth. HIMT HIMT
During HIMT HIMT operations,
discharge HIMT HIMT HIMTarrangements
should be HIMT
made HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT occupies
volume of phosphorus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT discharged.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AnyHIMTwater
HIMTdischarged
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
phosphorus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankHIMT should
HIMT HIMTbeHIMTreturned
HIMT HIMTonly to aHIMT
HIMT HIMT soreHIMTinstallation.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAHIMTminimum
HIMT HIMTullage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
space
HIMT HIMT HIMT of 1%
HIMT HIMTbe maintained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTabove the HIMT
HIMT HIMT waterHIMT pad. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT ullage
HIMTspace should
be filled with inert gas.

3.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT –
Drying byHIMT
HIMT filling the
HIMT cargo
HIMT tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
associated piping
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT moisture-free
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith a HIMT
HIMT dewHIMT point
HIMTof -400
HIMT HIMTC orHIMT
HIMT belowHIMT at atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure, andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintaining HIMTcondition.
that HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTmoisture
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in the HIMT gas
inert HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by
is removed HIMTpassing
HIMT HIMTitHIMT HIMT HIMT
through refrigeration cooler. The second stage drying is carried out by a twin tower
Desiccant
HIMT HIMT HIMT Dryer.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The desiccant
the HIMT
tower dries
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTgas
HIMTto dew
HIMT point
HIMT HIMT of
HIMT(-550 C) inHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
12HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hours.
4. Ventilation – forced or natural.
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT drying
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT dry
HIMTnitrogen is used
HIMT HIMT HIMT as the
HIMT HIMT HIMTmedium, similar
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTarrangements
for
HIMT HIMT HIMT supply
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT drying agent
HIMT HIMT made. Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT drying
HIMT HIMTagents areHIMT
HIMT HIMT used asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
drying medium on all inlets to the tank, sufficient medium should be carried for theHIMT HIMT HIMT
duration of the voyage, taking into consideration the diurnal temperature range and
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT expected
HIMT HIMT HIMT humidity.
Inert HIMT system,
HIMT HIMT where
fitted HIMT HIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMTappropriately
operated HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
during HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
washing,
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank
HIMTpreparation
HIMT HIMT HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
Additional safety precautions should taken
HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT vessels which
HIMT HIMT HIMTdo not
HIMT HIMThave inertHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT systems
Inert HIMT supplied
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontent
an oxygen HIMT HIMTofHIMT
notHIMT
moreHIMTthan
HIMT 5%
HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
volume
Cleaned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcooled
HIMT HIMTboiler flueHIMT
HIMT HIMT gasHIMT
is HIMT
oftenHIMT
usedHIMTfor
HIMTthis
HIMTpurpose, its main
HIMT HIMT HIMT constituents
being nitrogen and carbon dioxide
Inert
HIMT HIMT hasHIMTto HIMT
be used
HIMT HIMT when the HIMT
HIMT HIMT method of cleaning
HIMT HIMT is crude
HIMT HIMT washing orHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
recirculated wash water washingHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is important to keep
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT and slopHIMT
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMTinerted at HIMT
HIMT HIMT all times
General
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequirements for inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas HIMT
HIMT HIMT systems
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinert gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT system shall
capable ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT inerting, purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand gas-freeing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTempty
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
HIMT HIMT maintaining
HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMTatmosphere
cargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith the HIMT
HIMT HIMT required oxygen
content.
The inert gas system should be designed, constructed and tested in accordance with
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT Fire
HIMT HIMTSafety Systems
HIMT HIMT Code.
Tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfitted withHIMT
HIMT HIMT a fixed
HIMT HIMTinert gas
HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMT shall be provided
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a closed ullage
system.

SOURCES OFHIMT HIMT HIMT
INERT GASHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsources
HIMT HIMTof inert
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTon tankers
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT combination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarriers are:
• Uptake gas from the ship‘s main and auxiliary boilers.
• An
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTindependent
HIMT HIMT HIMT inert gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT generator.
The table below provides an indication of the typical composition of inert gas
generated
HIMT HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMT HIMT boiler
HIMT HIMT flue gas,HIMT
HIMT HIMT expressed
HIMT HIMTas a HIMT
HIMT percentage
HIMT HIMT by volume.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTN2
Nitrogen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
83%
Carbon dioxide CO2 12-14%
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2-4%
Oxygen O2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Sulphur
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdioxide
HIMT HIMT SO2
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT50 ppm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmonoxide
Carbon HIMT HIMT HIMT
COHIMT HIMT HIMTTrace
Nitrogen Oxide NOX Trace
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTrace
Water vapour H2O (high
HIMT HIMT HIMT if notHIMT
HIMT dried)
Ash
HIMT soot (C)HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTraces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1.044
Density HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Flue
HIMT generated from
HIMTboiler flows
HIMT HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTBoiler Up-take
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTValve andHIMT
HIMT HIMT intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT Scrubber.
HIMT There,
HIMTgas
HIMT is cooled
HIMT down
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTwashed
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTsea
HIMTwater supplied
HIMT HIMT byHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTScrubber Water
HIMT HIMT HIMT Pump.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Leaving the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Scrubber
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT gas passes
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT
Demister whereHIMTwater
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
droplets areHIMT HIMT HIMT
moved HIMT HIMT
before HIMT HIMT
entering theHIMT HIMT HIMT
Blower HIMT HIMT
suction. OnHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT discharge
HIMT sideHIMT
HIMTBlower,
HIMT HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTcontent and
HIMT flueHIMT
gasHIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
monitored.
HIMT HIMT HIMT High
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontent and
HIMT HIMT high
HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMTactivate
HIMT HIMTalarms.
Inert Gas from the blower flows in to the Deck Seal through Inert Gas Pressure
Regulating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTValve. Main
HIMT HIMT HIMTline
HIMT pressure is HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT automatically controlled
HIMT HIMT HIMT to keep
HIMT HIMT HIMT desired
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT constant.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTExcessive
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure is avoided
InertHIMT
Gas
HIMT Pressure
Regulating HIMTworking
Valve HIMT HIMT inHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
conjunction HIMT
with HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMTValve.
Recirculation HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDeck SealHIMT
HIMT HIMT isolates theHIMT
HIMT HIMT boiler
HIMTup-take
HIMT HIMT deckHIMT
line byHIMT
HIMT using
HIMT sea
HIMTwater andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT prevent theHIMT
HIMT HIMT backflow
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
hydrocarbon gas.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Inert
HIMT HIMTGas fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
deck
HIMTseal
HIMTflows
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
into HIMT
the HIMT supply
deck HIMT HIMTline
HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Non-return HIMT HIMT
Valve and HIMT
Deck HIMT HIMT HIMTValve
Isolating HIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
then enters each tank through the Inert Gas Supply Valve.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTInert GasHIMT
HIMT HIMT System canHIMT
HIMT HIMT also beHIMT
HIMT used
HIMTfor
HIMTGas
HIMTFreeing
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTopening
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTFresh AirHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTValve.
Inlet HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The P/V breaker is installed to protect the cargo tanks from excessive pressure or
vacuum.
Inert HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT /HIMT
Generator HIMT HIMT
Topping HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
UpGenerator
Alternatively,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaned
HIMT HIMT and filtered
HIMT HIMT HIMTcombustion
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTfrom an oil-burning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas generator
can be used -IGG

Nitrogen generators-Chemical Tanker
Air
HIMT HIMT HIMT around
HIMT us HIMT
HIMT HIMT consists of 78%
HIMT HIMT nitrogen,
HIMT HIMT 21%
HIMT HIMT oxygen,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe remainder
HIMT is made
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
carbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT dioxide,
HIMT HIMT argon
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT tracesHIMTofHIMT
other
HIMTgases
HIMT HIMT HIMTNitrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuse
generators HIMTaHIMT HIMT of
supply HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatmospheric
compressed HIMT HIMT HIMTair,
HIMTand
HIMTpass
HIMT HIMT
this HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
through the generator to strip the Oxygen from the supply
HIMT HIMT HIMTThis
HIMT leaves
HIMT HIMTyou
HIMTwith
HIMTan output
HIMT of Nitrogen,
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a waste feed
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT oxygen enriched
HIMT HIMT air HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT is vented
HIMT HIMT back
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTthe
HIMTatmosphere
These use a bundle of hollow fibres which separate gases by the principle of
selective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpermeation
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT membrane
HIMT HIMT generator consists
these hollow
HIMT fibres,
HIMT HIMT HIMT encased within
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTan outer
HIMT HIMTshell
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
GRP HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfaster permeating
HIMT HIMT gases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlike
HIMTOxygen
HIMT HIMTdiffuse quickly
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT membrane wall,HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
leaving an output of nitrogen up to 99.9% pure
Very
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompact andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT robust

Membrane HIMT HIMT Generator
Nitrogen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
7.2.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT Loading
CARGO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLOADING PROCEDURES:
General
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresponsibility for safe
HIMT HIMT handling
shared
HIMT between the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT shipHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTterminal
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTrests jointly
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT the
HIMT master
HIMT HIMTandHIMT the
HIMTTerminal Representative.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
manner HIMT HIMT
which the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
responsibility is HIMT
sharedHIMT HIMT HIMTtherefore
be HIMT HIMT HIMT
agreed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
between
them so as to ensure that all aspects of the operations are covered. Closed loading
operation
HIMT HIMT HIMT in inerted
HIMT HIMT HIMT maintaining
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank inertHIMT
HIMT HIMT gasHIMT
pressure
Cargo vapour is vented when required maintaining tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure during
HIMT HIMT loading
Only after receiving reports of all safety checks confirmed from all stations of deck HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ HIMT HIMT
pump room watch and the chief officer may open other loading tanks and carefully
increase
HIMTloading rate
Close
HIMT manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMTback pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshall
HIMTbeHIMTmaintained,
HIMT HIMT HIMTuntil
HIMTcompletion
settling down of final maximum agreed loading rate HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Close communication to be kept with shore side, until all parameters have stabilized
Once
HIMT HIMT Chief Officer
HIMT HIMT is satisfied
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT allHIMT
preparations
HIMT HIMT HIMThave been
HIMT HIMT made
accordance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTthe
HIMTcargo oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT loading planHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMTtheHIMT
shore
HIMTfacility
HIMT HIMTrepresentative hasHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
confirmed that the facility is ready to load cargo, he may order the opening of theHIMT HIMT HIMT
designated manifold valves and loading operation to commence in accordance with
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading plan
Commence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMTat
HIMTreduced rateHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT (to HIMT
avoid
HIMT static
HIMT HIMT generation),
HIMT HIMT HIMTwatching theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTback
manifold HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure at HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
all times
Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTIG back
HIMT HIMTpressure shallHIMT
adjusted to maintain
HIMT HIMT slight
HIMT HIMT HIMT positive,
HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT HIMT HIMT
all times. The same shall be monitored, for any change.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclosing
HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMTsystem,
HIMT HIMT whereby vapours
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTexhausted through
HIMT HIMT HIMT either
HIMT HIMT ventHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
risers or high velocity vents, must always be used where possible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Rate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMTloading
HIMT HIMTmust be adjusted
HIMT HIMT to take
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT into consideration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
number
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
tanksHIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT
holds
HIMT HIMT HIMT open
HIMT HIMT at HIMT
HIMT any HIMT
oneHIMT
timeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Joint Agreement on Readiness to Load
Before
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT loadHIMTcargo,
HIMT the
HIMTresponsible
HIMT HIMT HIMTofficer
HIMT HIMT and the
HIMT HIMTterminal
HIMT HIMTrepresentative
must
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT formally agree
HIMTboth
HIMTthe
HIMTtanker and
terminal are
HIMT HIMT ready
HIMT HIMT to doHIMT
HIMT so HIMT
safely.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship/shore safety checklist HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship/shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety checklist
HIMT HIMT concerns
HIMTship, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal andHIMT
HIMT HIMT all HIMT
personnel
HIMT HIMT and
toHIMT
completed
HIMT HIMTjointly by HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
responsible
HIMT HIMT officer
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTthe terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMTrepresentative.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AllHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
items need to be verified physically before it is ticked. Completed checklist is of noHIMT HIMT HIMT
value if regarded as a paper exercise and should be physically used prior and during
transfer
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Control
HIMT HIMT HIMT valves
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT operated
HIMT HIMT during loading
HIMT HIMT according
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto planned
HIMT HIMT HIMT sequence
HIMT HIMT HIMTof filling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Quantity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof cargo
HIMT is checked
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby measuring
HIMT ullages.Level
cargoHIMTin theHIMT
HIMT tank can
determined by sounding or by measuring ullage and the use of various measuring
devices
Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTShutdown
HIMT HIMT HIMT Plan
An
HIMT HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshutdown
HIMT HIMTprocedure,
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTalarm,
HIMT HIMT should be HIMT
HIMT HIMT agreedHIMT between the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT shipHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTrecorded on an
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT form. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT agreement should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdesignate
those
HIMT HIMT HIMT circumstances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin which
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust be stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT immediately.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Due regard
should
HIMT HIMT givenHIMTto theHIMT
HIMT possible dangers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTassociated
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTany
HIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTshutdown
procedure.
Supervision
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfollowing
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
safeguards mustHIMT
maintained HIMT HIMT HIMT
throughout • AHIMT
HIMT HIMT
loading: responsible
officer must be on watch and sufficient crew on board to deal with the operation and
security
theHIMT
tanker. A continuous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwatch of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMTdeck must
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT maintained.
HIMT HIMT HIMT If aHIMT HIMT HIMT
ship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTroom, fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT which
HIMTall operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT canHIMT
be HIMT
controlled,
HIMT HIMTdoes not HIMT
HIMT HIMT haveHIMT HIMT HIMT
anHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT overall view
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
HIMT the HIMT
tankHIMTdeck,
HIMTthen a competent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT member of HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
ship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT
crew mustHIMT HIMT HIMT
be continuously on watch on the tank deck.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTagreed
HIMT HIMTship to shore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcommunications
HIMT HIMTmust be HIMT
HIMT HIMT maintained in good
working
order.
At the commencement of loading, and at each change of watch or shift, the
responsible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofficer
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTthe
HIMT terminal representative
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT must each
HIMT HIMT confirm
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
communications
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTforHIMTthe
HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
loading
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
understood by them
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTbyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel on watch and on duty. The stand-by requirements for the normal stoppingHIMT HIMT HIMT
of shore pumps on completion of loading, and the emergency stop system for both
the
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal,
HIMT HIMTmust
HIMTbe fully
HIMT HIMTunderstood
all HIMT
personnel
HIMT HIMTconcerned.
Inert HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Procedures
The inert gas plant should be closed down and the inert gas pressure in the tanks to
be loaded reduced prior to the commencement of loading

Closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Loading
For
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeffective
HIMT HIMT closed
HIMT HIMTloading,
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMTmust
HIMT be
HIMTloaded
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT theHIMT ullage,
HIMT HIMTsounding andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTports
sighting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
securely HIMT HIMT
closed. TheHIMT HIMTdisplaced
gas HIMT HIMT HIMT by HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
incoming HIMT HIMT
cargo mustHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
vented to the atmosphere via the mast riser(s) or through high velocity or constant
velocity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT valves, either
HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMTwhich will HIMT
HIMT HIMT ensure
HIMTthat
HIMT the
HIMTgases
HIMT HIMTare HIMTtaken
HIMT clear
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
deck.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Devices
HIMT HIMT fitted
HIMT HIMT HIMTto mast
HIMT HIMTrisers or HIMT
HIMT HIMT ventHIMT
stacks to prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTpassage
HIMT HIMT HIMT of flame
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
must be regularly checked to confirm they are clean, in good condition and correctlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
installed. To undertake closed loading, the vessel should be equipped with ullaging
equipment
HIMTindependent overfill
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalarms
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT allow the HIMT
HIMT HIMT tankHIMTcontents
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
monitored
HIMT HIMT HIMT without
HIMT HIMT HIMT opening
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT apertures.
There is a risk of overfilling a cargo tank when loading under normal closed
conditions.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDueHIMTtoHIMT
the HIMT
reliance placed
HIMT HIMT HIMT on
HIMT closed
HIMT HIMTgauging
HIMT HIMTsystems,
HIMT HIMTitHIMTis important thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
they
HIMTfully
HIMT operational
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT that back-up
HIMT HIMT is provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in the
HIMT HIMTform
HIMTofHIMT
anHIMT
independent
overfill HIMT HIMT
alarm HIMT HIMT HIMT
arrangement. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
alarm HIMT HIMT
should provideHIMT HIMT
audibleHIMT HIMT
andHIMT HIMTindication
visual HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
set HIMT
at aHIMT
level which
HIMT will enable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperations
be shut down
HIMT HIMT HIMTprior
HIMTto theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
tank being overfilled. Under normal operations, the cargo tank should not be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT filled
higher
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthan
HIMTthe
HIMTlevel at which
HIMToverfill
HIMT HIMT alarm is set.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIndividual
HIMT HIMT overfill
HIMT HIMTalarms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMT HIMT
tested at theHIMT HIMTto
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure HIMTproper
their HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation priorHIMTto HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
commencing
loading,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunless theHIMT
HIMT HIMT system is provided
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
electronic
HIMT HIMTself-testing
HIMT HIMT HIMT capability
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
monitors the condition of the alarm circuitry and sensor and confirms
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the instrument
set
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpoint. Vessels
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperating
HIMT HIMTwith inertHIMT
HIMT HIMT gasHIMTareHIMT
considered
HIMT HIMT HIMT always to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTcapable
closed loading. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Commencement
HIMT HIMT HIMT of Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Alongside
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMTTerminal
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT all necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMTandHIMTtanker
HIMT HIMTvalves in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMTsystemHIMT HIMTare HIMTopen, andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
the ship has signified its readiness, loading can commence. Whenever possible, the
initial
HIMT HIMT HIMT flowHIMT
HIMT HIMT should be by
HIMT HIMT HIMTgravity,
HIMT HIMTatHIMT
slow rate
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtoHIMT
a single
HIMT HIMT tank.
HIMTThe
HIMT shore
HIMT HIMTpumps
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnotHIMT
beHIMT
started untilHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
system hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT beenHIMT checked
HIMT HIMT and the ship
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTadvises thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
is being HIMT HIMT
received inHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
correct HIMT HIMT
tank(s). When HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps HIMT been
have HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
started,
the ship/shore connections must be checked for tightness until the agreed flow rate
orHIMT
HIMT HIMThas
HIMTbeen
HIMT reached.
Commencement HIMT HIMT at
of Loading HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Offshore Buoy HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Berths
Before commencing to load at a buoy berth offshore, the ship should confirm its full
understanding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the HIMT
communications
HIMT HIMTwhich will HIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
used
HIMT toHIMT
control theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
operation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT A secondary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT communications
HIMT HIMTshould be HIMT
HIMT HIMT provided andHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
ready
HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
brought HIMT
into HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediate actionHIMTinHIMT
theHIMT HIMT
event ofHIMT HIMT of
failure HIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT
primary HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system.
After an initial slow loading rate to test the system, the flow rate may be brought up
toHIMT
agreed maximum.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTA close
HIMT HIMT watch
HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
keptHIMT
onHIMT theHIMT
seaHIMTin the
HIMTvicinity
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTseabed
HIMT HIMT manifold
HIMT HIMT soHIMTthat
HIMTleaks may
detected.
HIMT HIMT During
HIMT HIMTdarkness,
HIMT HIMT HIMT where safeHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpractical,
a bright lightHIMT HIMT be
shown onHIMT
the HIMT
waterHIMT inHIMT
the HIMT HIMTof
vicinity HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hoses.
Commencement
HIMT HIMT HIMT of Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT through a Stern
HIMT HIMT HIMT Line
Before
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT commencing loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
HIMT HIMT sternHIMT loading
HIMT HIMT line, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT dangerous areaHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
extending not HIMT
lessHIMT
thanHIMT3 HIMT
metresHIMT from
HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
manifold HIMT should
valve HIMT HIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMT
clearly HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
marked
and no unauthorized personnel should be allowed within this area during the entire
loading operation. A close watch must be maintained for any leakage and all
openings, air inlets and doors to enclosed spaces should be kept tightly closed.

Firefighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT mustHIMTbe
HIMTlaid
HIMToutHIMTready
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
useHIMTinHIMT
theHIMTvicinity of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT stern
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmanifold.
Commencement of Loading through a Bow Line
Vessels
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinvolved in bow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT loading
HIMT HIMT will
HIMT necessarily
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMTdesigned for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT use HIMT
at particular
terminals
HIMT HIMT HIMT (normally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT single point
HIMT HIMT moorings)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMT
whichHIMTdetailed operating
HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures will be specified. In general, however, the following checks should beHIMT HIMT HIMT
carried our prior to loading:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT The HIMT
mooring
HIMT HIMTsystem should
HIMT HIMT be inspected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMT
security of connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTto ensure
that
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTany
HIMTwear is within
HIMT HIMT acceptable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operational
HIMT HIMT HIMTlimits.
• The
HIMT HIMT HIMThose connection
carefully HIMT HIMT HIMT
inspected HIMT HIMTalignment
for correct HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
security of coupling. Where possible, a water pressure test of the coupling seals
should
HIMT HIMT made.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT AnyHIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTrelease systems
HIMT HIMT provided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor the
HIMT mooring
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT connection
should be operational. Tests of these systems should take place prior to mooring. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Mooring
HIMT HIMT HIMT loadHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT monitoring
HIMT HIMT systems should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMT activated
HIMT HIMT and tested.
• All primary and secondary means of communication
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with the HIMT
loading terminal
should
HIMT HIMT tested,
HIMT including anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT telemetry
HIMT HIMT control
HIMT HIMT system.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT HIMT HIMT watch
continuous HIMT HIMT byHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a responsible HIMT member
crew HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained onHIMT
theHIMT
bowHIMT HIMT HIMT
throughout
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading.
HIMT HIMT During
HIMT HIMTdarkness, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT illumination on HIMT
around the HIMT
HIMT HIMT vessel‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpoint,
bow should permit an effective visual watch to be maintained on the mooring HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mooring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem,
HIMT HIMTcargo hose
HIMT HIMT HIMTconnection,
HIMT HIMT HIMT loading
HIMT HIMThoses andHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
areaHIMTof water around
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the bow.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMTPump HIMTroom Lines:
Due
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT increased
HIMT HIMTriskHIMTof leakage
the HIMT
pump HIMTroom, it isHIMT
HIMT HIMT not HIMT
good HIMTpractice
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
loadHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo via pump room drop lines. Whenever possible, cargo should be loaded
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT drop
HIMTlines within
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTcargo tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT area,
HIMTwith
HIMTall pump
HIMT room
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalves closed.
Cargo HIMT HIMT on
Sampling HIMTCommencement
of Loading
Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfacilities
HIMT HIMTexist, a sample
HIMT the
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT takenHIMTasHIMTsoon afterHIMT
commencement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof loading
HIMT possible.
asHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT This
HIMT will
HIMT allow theHIMT
HIMT HIMT product‘s
HIMT HIMTdensity
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
checked HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure theHIMT HIMT HIMT
correct HIMT HIMT
grade HIMT HIMT
is being HIMT HIMT
loaded. ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT
done HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
before
opening up subsequent tanks for loading. On non-inerted tankers loading static
accumulator
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoes,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprecautions
HIMT HIMT HIMTagainst
HIMT HIMTstatic
HIMT HIMTelectricity hazards
observed
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtaking the HIMT
HIMT HIMT sample.
Periodic Checks during Loading
Throughout
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT loading,
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTship
HIMT should
HIMT HIMTmonitor
HIMT HIMTand HIMT regularly check
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTall
HIMT full
HIMTand
HIMTempty
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT to confirm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMTcargo is only
HIMT HIMT HIMT entering
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe designated
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTthat
HIMT there
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is no escape of cargo into pump rooms or cofferdams, or through sea and overboard HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge valves. The ship should check tank ullages hourly and calculate a loading
rate.
HIMT HIMTfigures
HIMT HIMTand rates
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe compared
shore
HIMTfigures
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT identify anyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
discrepancy.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHourly checks
HIMT HIMT should,
HIMT HIMT where
HIMT HIMT HIMTpossible, include
HIMT HIMT observation
recording HIMT
of the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shear
forces, bending moments, draught and trim and any other relevant stability
requirements particular to the ship. This information should be checked against the
required loading plan to confirm that all safe limits are adhered to and that the

loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsequence canHIMT
followed,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
amended,
HIMT HIMT as HIMTnecessary.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAny
HIMTdiscrepancies
should
HIMT HIMT immediately reported
theHIMT
responsible
HIMT HIMT HIMT officer. AnyHIMT
HIMT HIMT unexplained
HIMT HIMT HIMT drop
pressures, or HIMT
anyHIMT HIMT HIMT
marked HIMT HIMT HIMT
discrepancy HIMT HIMT tanker
between HIMT HIMTandHIMTterminal
estimates
quantities transferred, could indicate pipeline or hose leaks, particularly in submarine
pipelines,
HIMT HIMT HIMT require that
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT be stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT untilHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT investigations
HIMT HIMT HIMT haveHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
been
HIMT HIMT HIMT made.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT shipHIMTshould carry
HIMT HIMT HIMTout
HIMTfrequent
HIMT HIMT HIMTinspections of the
HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
deck and pump room to check for any leaks. Over side areas should likewise beHIMT HIMT HIMT
regularly checked. During darkness, where safe and practical, the water around the
vessel
HIMT HIMT be illuminated
Cessation of HIMT HIMT HIMT
Loading byHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Terminal
Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT terminals
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequire
HIMT HIMTa HIMT
‗standby‘
HIMT HIMT period forHIMT
HIMT HIMT stopping
HIMT HIMT pumps and
HIMT HIMT HIMTthis
HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
understood
HIMTnoted as HIMT
HIMT HIMT discussed
HIMT HIMT under item
HIMT HIMT HIMT24HIMT
of HIMT
the guidelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT for completing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ship/Shore HIMT HIMT
Safety Check HIMTList
HIMTbefore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
commences
Topping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Off
HIMTon Board
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT Tanker
The HIMT HIMT
shouldHIMTadvise
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMTwhen
terminal HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT
final HIMT HIMT
tanks are HIMT
to be HIMT HIMT HIMT
topped offHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
request
HIMTterminal, in adequate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT time,
HIMTto
HIMTreduce
HIMT HIMT the loading
HIMT HIMT HIMTrate
HIMTsufficiently
permit effective control of the flow on board the ship. After topping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT off individual
tanks, master valves should be shut, where possible, to provide two
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
segregation of loaded tanks. The ullages of topped-off tanks should be checked fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
time
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto time
HIMT HIMTto ensure
HIMT that
HIMT HIMT overflows
HIMT do not
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToccur
HIMT HIMTasHIMT
a result of leaking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT valves
HIMT HIMTorHIMT HIMT HIMT
incorrect
HIMT HIMT HIMT operations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT number
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
valves to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTclosed
HIMT HIMTduring
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTtopping offHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
period
HIMT HIMT be reduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to a HIMT
HIMT minimum.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanker should
HIMT HIMT notHIMT
HIMT HIMT close
HIMTall itsHIMT
HIMT valves against
HIMT HIMT the flow
HIMT HIMT of oil.
HIMT HIMT HIMTBefore
HIMT HIMT topping offHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT commence
HIMT HIMT HIMT at an
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToffshore
HIMT HIMT berth,
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTship/shore communications
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must HIMT HIMT HIMT
be tested. HIMT HIMT
Where HIMT HIMT
possible, HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
completion of HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT
should be HIMTdoneHIMT
byHIMT HIMT HIMT
gravity. If pumps have to be used to the end, their delivery rate during the ‗standby‘
time
HIMT HIMTbe regulated
HIMT so HIMT
shoreHIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTvalves
HIMT HIMTcan beHIMT
HIMT closed
HIMT HIMTas HIMT
soon asHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
requested
ship.
HIMTShore
HIMT HIMTcontrol valves
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould be HIMT
HIMT HIMT closed
HIMTbefore
HIMT HIMTthe HIMTship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
valves.
Checks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTafter Loading
After HIMT completion
loading, a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
responsible HIMTshould
officer HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
check thatHIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
all valves
the cargo system are closed, that all appropriate tank openings are closed and that
pressure/vacuum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT relief valves
HIMT HIMT are correctly
HIMT HIMT set.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
When HIMTisHIMT
cargo HIMTloaded,
being HIMT HIMTtheHIMTdeck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
isolating HIMTshould
valve HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
closed andHIMT the HIMT
inertHIMT HIMT HIMT
gas plant may be shut down, unless other cargo tanks are being deballasted
simultaneously
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which
HIMTcase a close
HIMT HIMT watch
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
kept
HIMTon
HIMTthe
HIMTinert
HIMTgasHIMT main
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure;
HIMT HIMT HIMT all openings
HIMT HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks,
HIMT HIMT except
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTconnections
HIMT mast HIMTrisers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equivalent HIMT HIMT
venting HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
arrangements, HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMTclosed
kept HIMT HIMT
toHIMT HIMT HIMT
minimize HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable
vapour on deck; before loading commences, the flame screens in the mast risers, or
equivalent venting arrangements, should be inspected and any stop valves isolating
the cargo tanks from the inert gas main locked in the open position.

Stability
HIMT HIMT HIMT Considerations:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTloading
HIMT HIMTplan of combination
HIMT HIMT carriers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
double
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hulled
HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT take
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTaccount
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTship‘s stability
HIMT HIMT instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTtheHIMT
need
avoid excessive free surface with consequent loss of stability.
The
HIMT HIMT problem
HIMT HIMT likely
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
be HIMTencountered
HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT the
HIMTeffect
HIMT HIMTonHIMT theHIMT
transverse
metacentric height of liquid free surface in the cargo and double bottom tanks. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Depending on the design, type and number of these tanks, the free surface effect
could
HIMT HIMT HIMT result
theHIMTmetacentric
HIMT HIMT HIMTheight being
HIMT HIMT HIMTsignificantly
HIMT HIMT HIMTreduced. The HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT case will
most
HIMT HIMT HIMT severe
HIMT HIMT HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT caseHIMTofHIMT
wide cargo
HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTno centreline
HIMT bulkhead
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and the
HIMT HIMTsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
called ‗U‘ ballast tanks which have no centreline bulkhead.
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is imperative
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMTtanker
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTterminal personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinvolved in cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand ballast
operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMTaware
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
thisHIMT
potential
HIMT HIMTproblem andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMTall
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMTandHIMT
ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operations are conducted strictly in accordance with the ship‘s loading manual
Line
HIMT HIMT HIMT Draining:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OnHIMTcompletion
loading,
HIMT HIMT theHIMTship‘s cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTdeck
HIMT HIMTlines should
drained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinto appropriate
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
ensure thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT thermal
HIMT HIMTexpansion
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
contents HIMT
theHIMT
linesHIMT HIMT HIMT
cannot HIMT HIMT
cause HIMT HIMT
leakage HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
or distortion.
Sufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT ullage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmust
HIMT be
HIMTleft
HIMTinHIMT
theHIMT
finalHIMT
tanksHIMTto accept
HIMT drainage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof HIMT
the hose or arms
and ship and shore lines.
Venting HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks intoHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMT
atmosphere HIMT HIMT
through aHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMTsystem
recovery HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
controlled
HIMT HIMT HIMT as necessary
During
HIMT HIMT loading of cargo
HIMT HIMT simultaneous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdeballast operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMTbe HIMT
carried
HIMT out
Cargo sampling requirements
Events
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTduring
HIMT HIMToperations
HIMT HIMT HIMTare recorded.
HIMT HIMTsampling
HIMT HIMT HIMT requirements andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures andHIMT HIMT HIMT
duties HIMT HIMT HIMT
for personnel onHIMT
watchHIMTfollowed
HIMT HIMT HIMT
during HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation
In any bulk liquid shipment, whether chemical, petrochemical, petroleum product or
crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil, HIMT
HIMT HIMT comprehensive
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMT reliable
HIMT HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT are required
identify, andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
minimize
HIMTeffect
HIMT HIMTof, HIMT
potential contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT cargo.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTprocedure
sampling andHIMTsampleHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
retention HIMT HIMTthe
provides HIMTmost
effective
means of determining when and/or how such contamination might have occurred
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTallows unfounded
HIMT HIMT allegations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof shipboard
HIMT liability
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT challenged.
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT practice,
HIMT HIMT this
HIMTisHIMT
the HIMT
most potent
HIMT device
HIMT HIMT available
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT ship's officers
HIMT HIMT HIMT who
HIMTotherwise
are dependent upon the competence, and integrity, of the locally appointed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
surveyors.
Sampling
HIMT HIMT HIMT serves
HIMT HIMT HIMT two HIMT
HIMT HIMT purposes-In
caseHIMTofHIMThigh
HIMT purity
HIMT HIMT cargoes,
HIMT HIMT inspection
samples
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdrawn
HIMT HIMT atHIMT
theHIMT
manifold,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
at HIMT
'first-foot'
HIMT HIMTlevel
HIMTin
HIMTtheHIMT
cargo tanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMTallows theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
crew to assess the quality of the incoming cargo as well as the cleanliness of theHIMT HIMT HIMT
lines
Toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT or highly
HIMT HIMT odoriferous
HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT not be
HIMT HIMT HIMTtested forHIMT
HIMT HIMT odour.

7.2.4 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Unloading
Precautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT
be HIMT
observed during
HIMT HIMT start-up
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT stripping procedures
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT followed.
Reasons
HIMTdraining
HIMT HIMTandHIMTstripping tanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlines
HIMT and pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT understood.
Operation HIMTstripping
of the HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
beHIMT
wellHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
understood.
Cargo heating may be required for viscous cargo. Particular viscosity range is
required
HIMTstorage
HIMT HIMT and handling
HIMTthat
HIMT this is maintained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby controlling
HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature
theHIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT HIMT must
personnel HIMT HIMT HIMTstanding
follow HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instructions at allHIMT HIMTduring
times HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unloading, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
whether
or not the cargo is considered dangerous.
Personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT on HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT watchHIMTor involved
HIMT inHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
unloading
HIMT HIMToperation should
HIMT HIMT HIMT wearHIMT
protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT clothing,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMTindicated
HIMT HIMT in
HIMTthe MSDS
HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT
other
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTdata
HIMTsheets,
HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
handling dangerous cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cargoes are unloaded according to a planned sequence of emptying tanks.
Prior
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to unloading,
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsamples fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT each HIMTtank
HIMTand
HIMT from cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTlines are analysed
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT check
HIMTifHIMT
a product
HIMT HIMT has
HIMTbeen contaminated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
board
HIMTduring passage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDISCHARGING:
CARGO HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocess
HIMT HIMT of
HIMTmoving
HIMT HIMT cargo off HIMT
HIMT HIMT a tanker is HIMT
HIMT HIMT similar
HIMTto loading,
HIMT HIMT HIMT but has
HIMT HIMTsome keyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
differences. The first step in the operation is following the same pretransferHIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures asHIMT HIMT in
used HIMTloading.
HIMT HIMTWhen
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMTbegins,
transfer HIMT HIMTitHIMT
is HIMT
the HIMT HIMTcargo
ship's HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT used
HIMT HIMTto move
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTproduct
HIMT HIMTashore.
HIMT HIMTAs HIMTinHIMT
loading, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT transfer starts
HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT HIMT HIMT
low
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTensure that
HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT is working
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcorrectly andHIMT
connections areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
secure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThen a steady
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMTisHIMTachieved
HIMT HIMT and heldHIMT
HIMT HIMT during the HIMT
HIMT HIMT operation.
HIMT HIMTWhile
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumping, tank levels are carefully watched and key locations, such as the
connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT
theHIMTcargo manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand the HIMT
HIMT HIMT ship's pump
HIMT HIMT HIMTroom
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTconstantly
monitored.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTUnder the HIMT
HIMT HIMT direction of HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
person in charge,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcrew members
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTopen andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
close valvesHIMTto
HIMT HIMT the
direct HIMTflow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of product andHIMTmaintain
HIMT HIMT close
communication withHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
receiving facility to decrease and finally stop the flow of liquid.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Discharge
HIMT HIMTplan made
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
HIMT chief
HIMTofficer
• Follow strictly discharge plan
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Keep HIMTIG running
• Never exceed maximum discharge rate
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CargoHIMTpumps
HIMT HIMTtrip
HIMTwhen IG fails,
HIMT HIMT automatically
• Vac-strip system to be started only when
theHIMT
cargoHIMT
isHIMT
1/3rdHIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

Crude HIMT
oil HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMT HIMT
pump HIMT HIMT
room : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo pumps:
HIMT HIMT crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil / HIMT
HIMT product tanker
• HIMT
cargo
HIMTand
HIMT COW pumps
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT specially designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMTcrude oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT and HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil products at nominal heads and capacities from 400 to 6500 m³/h in VerticalHIMT HIMT HIMT
or horizontal orientations. The pumps are of exceptionally compact design
andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with various
HIMT nozzle
HIMT HIMT configurations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAll components
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare sturdy
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT richly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
dimensioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT obtain
HIMTlong-life
HIMT HIMTtrouble-free
HIMT HIMT HIMToperation. All HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT rotary elements
HIMT are HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
properly balanced to ensure safe and reliable operation. The pumps areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipped with double seals and barrier fluid and on request, also leakage
detection.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Standard materials:
– Pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTNi-Al-bronze
housing: HIMT HIMT HIMT/HIMT HIMT HIMT
modular HIMT
cast HIMT
iron HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ stainless steelHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
– Impeller: Ni-Al-bronze / stainless steel
– Shaft:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsteel (Duplex)

Engine HIMT HIMT HIMT•HIMT
room TheHIMTCBHIMTcargoHIMT and
HIMT COWHIMTpumps
HIMT HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT specially
HIMT HIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMTfor HIMTpumping
HIMT HIMT crude oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT DriverHIMT
COPTHIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT
Cargo Pump
oilHIMT
capacities
products
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
at nominal
400HIMT
HIMT HIMTheads
to 6500
HIMT m³/h
andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
in HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Vertical or HIMT HIMT HIMT
horizontal HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
orientations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT•HIMT TheHIMT HIMT HIMT areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompactHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT • The CBHIMT
HIMT cargo andpumps
HIMT COW
HIMT pumps
HIMT
of
areexceptionally
HIMT specially
design and with various nozzle
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdesigned
HIMT HIMTfor pumping
HIMT HIMT crude
HIMToilHIMT
and oil products
HIMT at HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
nominal configurations.
heads and capacities from 400 to 6500 m³/h
• or
in Vertical Allhorizontal
components are sturdy and richly
orientations.
• pumps dimensioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdesign
The are of exceptionally to obtain long-life
compact HIMT and
trouble-
Deck-Seal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with various free
nozzleoperation.
configurations.
Unit HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT • AllHIMT •HIMTAllHIMT
components rotary
areHIMT elements
sturdy and HIMT
HIMT are
richlyHIMT properly
dimensioned
HIMT HIMT to balanced
obtain to
long-life ensure safe
trouble-free and
operation. reliable operation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT • AllHIMT •HIMT
rotary The
elements
HIMTpumps are HIMT
are properly
HIMT HIMT equipped
balanced
HIMTto with
ensure
HIMT double
HIMT sealsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafe andHIMT
HIMT reliable
andHIMToperation.
barrier
HIMT HIMT fluidHIMTandHIMT on HIMT
request, also HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Cardan • The
ShaftHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMTleakage
are equipped
HIMT HIMTdetection.
with double
HIMT HIMT HIMT seals HIMT
and barrier
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfluid HIMT •HIMT
and onStandard
request,
HIMT HIMT alsomaterials:
leakage
HIMT HIMT detection.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT • Standard
HIMT HIMT – HIMT
materials:
HIMT Pump HIMThousing:
HIMT HIMTNi-Al-bronze
HIMT HIMT HIMT / HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT – Pump HIMT
housing: modular cast iron / stainless steel
HIMTNi-Al-bronze
HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ modularHIMT
castHIMT
iron / HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo
HIMTPump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stainless
HIMT steel– HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Impeller: HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ni-Al-bronze HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
/ stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT – Impeller: Ni-Al-bronze
HIMT HIMT HIMT / stainless
HIMT HIMT steel
steel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT –HIMT Shaft: Stainless
HIMT HIMT steel
HIMT (Duplex)
– Shaft: Stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMTsteel
HIMT (Duplex)
HIMT
Centrifugal cargo pumps with a double entry impeller have replaced reciprocating
pumps in modern oil tankers.

These
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT simple, haveHIMT
HIMT HIMT noHIMT
suction andHIMT
HIMT HIMT delivery valves,
HIMT HIMT pistons,
HIMT HIMT piston
HIMT HIMT HIMTrings,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
steam HIMT HIMT
control valve HIMT
or HIMT HIMT HIMT
linkages andHIMT HIMT HIMT
therefore HIMT HIMT
require HIMT HIMT
much less HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintenance.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompact centrifugal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pump canHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
mounted horizontally
HIMT HIMT or vertically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
room
HIMT HIMT a turbine,
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
in some ships,
HIMT HIMT HIMTelectric
HIMT HIMTmotor drive
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTmachinery
HIMT HIMT HIMTspace.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdrive shaft
HIMT HIMT HIMTpasses
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT the engine
HIMT HIMT HIMTroom
HIMTbulkhead via HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a gasHIMTseal. Rate
pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMThigh
HIMT(400 to 6500
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTm³/h
HIMT) HIMT
untilHIMT
a low levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
reached, when
HIMT HIMT HIMT a loss
suction HIMT and
head HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
impeded flowHIMT HIMT HIMT
through HIMT HIMT
frames andHIMT HIMT HIMT
limber holes HIMT HIMT HIMT
makes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a slowdown
in the rate of pumping necessary, if the use of a small stripping pump is to be
avoided
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT such
Systems HIMT HIMTas HIMT
the HIMT
'Vac-HIMTStrip'
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
enable HIMT HIMT
a faster HIMT HIMT
general rateHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMTto
discharge HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
maintained,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhile reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT temporarily
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTrate
HIMTof discharge
HIMT when
lowHIMTlevel
reached in the cargo tank to allow for draining.
Vac-strip
HIMT HIMT HIMT system:
Within
HIMT HIMT HIMT its HIMT
HIMT HIMT capacity,
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
pump HIMT will
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMTat the
HIMT rate at which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfluid
HIMTwill
HIMTflow
HIMT to
HIMTitsHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
suction orifice; this will be determined by viscosity, specific gravity, line friction,HIMT HIMT HIMT
entrained
HIMT HIMT HIMT air (as
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTtank levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT falls)
HIMTand, in the
HIMT HIMT case
HIMT HIMT of gassed
HIMT HIMT HIMT oils,
HIMTthe
HIMTrelease
volatile
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT light
HIMT fractions
HIMT HIMT HIMT if the
HIMTpressure
the HIMT
suction pipeHIMT
HIMT HIMT falls
HIMTbelow theHIMT
HIMT HIMT vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof the
HIMT oil.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis theHIMT
HIMT highest practicable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT rate. It will
HIMT HIMT HIMTfall under
HIMT HIMT adverse pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMT conditions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT but
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
useful
HIMT HIMT HIMT rateHIMT
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
beHIMT
obtained
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT a displacement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpump while
HIMT HIMT HIMT enough
HIMT HIMT oil
HIMTpasses
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT it
keep HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sealed.
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT separator
HIMT HIMT 10HIMT
fitted
HIMTwith
HIMTaHIMTvapour outlet
HIMT HIMT HIMTpipe,
HIMT a sight
HIMT HIMTglass andHIMT
HIMT HIMT a level
HIMTcontroller 1, HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
is placed near the pump in the

suction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT line. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT vapour outlet
HIMT HIMT HIMTis ledHIMT
HIMT to HIMT
an interceptor
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT11HIMThaving
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
moisture
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
eliminator,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a drain
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
10 and an outlet
a vapour
HIMT HIMT extraction
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumpHIMT 7 through
HIMT HIMT HIMTanHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontrol
exhaust HIMT HIMTvalve
HIMT HIMT
2. HIMTThis
HIMT pump
HIMT HIMT (ofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
water ringHIMT HIMTcontrolled
type) HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure switches A and B, draws from the interceptor tank and discharges to
atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT a suitable height
HIMT HIMTtank 8, which
HIMT HIMT hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT anHIMTinternal cooling
HIMT HIMT coil.HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsmall quantities
liquid
HIMTcarried
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTtheHIMTvapour,
HIMT HIMTdrop
HIMT out
HIMTinHIMT theHIMT
tank
HIMTand
HIMTreturn
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
theHIMTpump HIMT by
HIMTthe
HIMTpipe
HIMT HIMT
shown. � This
arrangement, byHIMT HIMT HIMT
means HIMT HIMT later,
described HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensures that the pump is always fully primed. The discharge rate is regulated by a
butterfly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve 6 inHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
cargoHIMT discharge line,HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT controlled
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTa HIMT
pneumatic
HIMT HIMTpositioner.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAHIMT HIMT HIMT
thermostat
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT guards against
HIMT HIMT overheating
HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
pump HIMT HIMTagainst
is working HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT
restricted orHIMT
closedHIMTdischarge.
As
HIMT HIMT HIMT non-liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT elements
HIMT HIMT HIMTseparate
HIMT HIMT out,
HIMTthe
HIMT liquid levelHIMT
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
the separator
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMTwill fall,
HIMT soHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
long
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas HIMTtheHIMTexhaust
HIMT HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTvalve is closed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
level
HIMTcontroller
HIMT HIMT HIMT is supplied withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
clean, dry,HIMT
airHIMT
(thisHIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a prerequisite ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
satisfactory HIMT HIMTat
operation) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a suitable HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pressure
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMTsoHIMT
arranged
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTits
HIMT outlet pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT increases progressively
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from say,HIMT
HIMT HIMT 200HIMT HIMT HIMT
mbar to 1000 mbar, as the level falls. At 240 mbar the pressure switch A will
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT close
but
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe extraction
HIMT HIMT HIMT pump
HIMT HIMT 7 will
HIMTnot
HIMTstart.
AtHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 2 70HIMTmbar theHIMT
HIMT HIMT exhaust
HIMT HIMTcontrol valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT2HIMTwillHIMT
openHIMTand
HIMT ifHIMT
there
HIMTis HIMTa HIMT
head onHIMT
suction line, 10 will vent to atmosphere through 1, 2, 7 and 8. Following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT this, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
level in 10 will rise, the level controller outlet pressure will fall, 2 will close and A willHIMT HIMT HIMT
break. AsHIMT HIMT HIMT
pumping HIMT HIMT HIMT
continues andHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
entrained HIMT HIMT
vapour andHIMTairHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
increases, the HIMT
levelHIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 10 HIMT
will HIMT
fall again,
HIMT HIMT the
HIMToutlet pressure
1 will rise,
HIMT HIMT2HIMT
willHIMT
open,
HIMTswitches A and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTBHIMT HIMT HIMT
will
HIMT HIMT HIMT both
HIMT HIMTclose, 7 will
HIMT HIMT HIMT start
HIMT and
HIMT 10
HIMTwill
HIMTbeHIMT
positively
HIMT HIMTvented. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT level in HIMT
HIMT 10 will
HIMTrise,
HIMT7HIMT HIMT HIMT
will
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stop, 2 will
HIMT HIMT HIMTclose, A and
HIMT HIMT B will
HIMT HIMT HIMTbreak. ThisHIMT
HIMT HIMTwill
HIMTbe HIMTrepeated untilHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
frequent snoring at the suction brings in so much air that 7 runs continuously. As
pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgoes on,HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
situation becomes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT one
HIMTinHIMT
which
HIMTthe
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTpump HIMTis discharging
atHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a faster rateHIMT
HIMT HIMT than
HIMToil can
HIMT flow
HIMT toHIMT
HIMT the HIMT
suctionHIMT and the level
HIMT HIMT in the
HIMT HIMT HIMTseparator tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT willHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fall HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
continuously. As aHIMT HIMT HIMT
result, HIMT HIMT
the level HIMT HIMT
controller HIMT HIMT
outlet HIMT HIMT
pressure willHIMT
be HIMT
highHIMT
andHIMT
willHIMT HIMT HIMT
act to increase the discharge head, so reducing the pump capacity by closing the
butterfly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve 6. HIMT
HIMT HIMT TheHIMTlevel
HIMTcontroller outlet
ledHIMT
to the
HIMThigh selector
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrelay
HIMT5HIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
thence
the butterfly valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpositioner, through
HIMT HIMT auto-manual
HIMT HIMT HIMT selector 4. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Cargo HIMT HIMT
pumps HIMT HIMT HIMT
- chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker:
Pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTroomsHIMT in
HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT HIMTareHIMTvery dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbecause of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrisk
HIMTofHIMT
leakage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pump
HIMT HIMT glands,
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
toxic/flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapour andHIMT
HIMT HIMT corrosive
HIMT HIMT orHIMTotherwise
HIMT HIMT HIMTharmful
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquids. The practice of positioning submersible or deepwell pumps within cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeliminates
HIMT HIMT pump
HIMT HIMT room dangers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHaving
HIMT HIMTindividual pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMT alsoHIMT
HIMT HIMT reduces theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
risk
mixing
HIMT cargoes andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT contamination.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ToHIMT
makeHIMTdeep
HIMT HIMT
wellHIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps HIMT HIMT
suitable HIMT HIMT HIMT
for chemical HIMT HIMT
pumping HIMT will
there HIMTbe HIMTa HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
different
gland
HIMT HIMT HIMT arrangements
HIMTshall
HIMT have bearings
Teflon
HIMT/HIMT
carbon

Deepwell
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps:
Each tankHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is equipped HIMT
with itsHIMT
own HIMT HIMT HIMTsteel
stainless HIMT HIMT
deepHIMT HIMTcargo
well HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump. TheHIMToneHIMT HIMT HIMT
pump, line and manifold crossover per tank arrangement ensures that each tank can
carry
HIMT HIMT HIMT a different
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT fullyHIMT
segregated
HIMT HIMT HIMTmanner.
HIMT HIMT Pumps
HIMT HIMTareHIMT
positioned
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTthe aftHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT each
HIMTtank in suction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwells andHIMT
HIMT HIMT either
HIMTto port
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
starboard
HIMT HIMT to allow
HIMT optimal
HIMT HIMT
emptying. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
combination of HIMT
shallowHIMT HIMT
pump HIMT HIMT HIMT
wells and HIMT HIMTefficient
highly HIMT HIMTpumps
with
stripping capability also helps ensure that cargo residues are kept to a minimum
following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge.
Submerged HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump:
Pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT elements,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT casing and HIMT
HIMT HIMT pipe HIMTwork, areHIMT
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
stainless
HIMT HIMT steel, which
HIMT HIMT although
expensive,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT willHIMT
withstand
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTcorrosive
HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects
HIMTof most
HIMT HIMTchemicals.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Obviously,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
a chemical tanker is to be engaged on a particular trade it may be possible to useHIMT HIMT HIMT
cheaper
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmaterials.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Working
HIMT HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor the
HIMThydraulic
HIMT HIMT HIMTcircuit
HIMTisHIMT
up HIMT
to about 170HIMT
HIMT HIMT barHIMT HIMT HIMT
and return pressure about 3 bar. The high pressure oil supply pipe for the hydraulic
motor,
HIMT HIMT placedHIMTcentral
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
and HIMTis HIMT
surrounded by the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreturn
HIMT HIMT pipe. The
HIMT HIMT return
HIMT pipeHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMThydraulic
HIMT HIMT HIMT motorHIMTcasing
HIMT HIMT HIMT
are HIMT HIMT with
provided HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a protective HIMTcofferdam
outer HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
giveHIMT HIMT HIMT
complete
HIMT HIMT HIMT separation
hydraulic
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
andHIMT
cargo.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpump
HIMT HIMT suction
HIMT HIMTis positioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT close to the
HIMT HIMT HIMTbottom
HIMT HIMTofHIMT theHIMT
tank well
HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTgood tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
drainage. Nevertheless, when pumping is completed, the vertical discharge pipe willHIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT leftHIMT
fullHIMT
of HIMT
liquid. Stopping
HIMTpump would
HIMT HIMT HIMTallow
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
considerable
HIMT HIMT HIMT amount
liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge,
fall HIMT
backHIMT into
HIMTthe
HIMTtank
HIMTso
HIMT that
HIMTclearing
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtank of cargo
remainsor
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwaterHIMTused in tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning,
HIMT HIMT HIMT would
HIMT be
HIMTaHIMT
constant
HIMT HIMT problem. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT remedy
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is provided by purging connections
fitted
HIMT clear
HIMTtheHIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT HIMTpipe.
Purging HIMT HIMT
effected byHIMT HIMT HIMT
closing the HIMT
deckHIMT HIMT HIMT valve
discharge HIMT HIMT asHIMT
theHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
clears HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of liquid,
then with the pump left running to prevent cargo fallback, the purge connection is
opened.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Compressed
or HIMT
inertHIMTgasHIMT
at 7 barHIMT
HIMT willHIMT
clear
HIMTtheHIMTvertical
HIMT HIMTdischarge pipeHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT pressurizing
HIMT HIMT HIMT it HIMT
fromHIMT
theHIMT
topHIMTandHIMTforcing liquid
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTup through the small
HIMT HIMT HIMT riser
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMTmain.
deck HIMT HIMTThereHIMT HIMT
is aHIMT HIMTvalve
small HIMT HIMT
on HIMT
the HIMT
riser,HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMTbefore
be opened HIMT HIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
closed
after this operation.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMT cofferdam
HIMT HIMT HIMTaround
HIMT HIMTtheHIMThydraulic
HIMT HIMTpipes
HIMT HIMTandHIMT motor is connected
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
drainage chamber between the motor and pump. Seals above and below theHIMT HIMT HIMT
chamber exclude the ingress of low pressure hydraulic oil and the liquid cargo,
respectively.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTbottom sealHIMT
HIMT HIMT is subject
HIMT HIMTonly to pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from theHIMT
HIMT HIMT head ofHIMT
HIMT cargoHIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank,
HIMT HIMTnotHIMTto pump
HIMT HIMT pressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTcofferdam canHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT be pressurized
HIMT HIMT HIMT while theHIMT
HIMT HIMT pumpHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
operating to check for leakage. Any liquid (oil or cargo) which collects in the chamber HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is forced up by the compressed air purge to the telltale, where it can be identified.

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDeep well
HIMT HIMT pump
Deep-well HIMTon
Motor HIMTtop
HIMTof
tank

Framo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pumps:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTone
HIMTpump perHIMT
HIMT HIMT tank innovative
HIMT design
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMTchanged the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT way HIMT
in which tankers
HIMT HIMT are HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
built HIMToperated.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmost important
HIMT HIMT benefits
HIMT HIMT are:
• Segregation
HIMT HIMT HIMT of cargoes
HIMTsafety forHIMT
HIMT HIMT vessel
HIMT and
HIMT environment
• Increase in vessels annual transport volume
• Efficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtank cleaning
• Reduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT shipbuilding
HIMT HIMT HIMT time
Loading the cargo tanks, Discharging of parcel cargoes, Discharging of
homogeneous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (parallel
HIMT HIMT pumping),
HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTby deck
HIMT HIMTmounted heaters,
Stripping,
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning.
LOADING THE CARGO TANKS
Correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT operation
HIMT HIMT of pumps
HIMTvalves isHIMT
HIMT HIMT essential
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
avoid
HIMT pressure surges
HIMT HIMT HIMT in aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo pipeline system during loading. Pressure surges may cause severe damage toHIMT HIMT HIMT
the pipeline, hoses, metal arms and cargo pumps. Pressure surges will be excessive
if HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a valve is closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoo
HIMTquickly and
HIMT HIMT HIMTespecially where
HIMT HIMT HIMT longHIMT
HIMT HIMT pipelines
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT high flowHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
rates
HIMT HIMT HIMT are involved.
Note: If a separate drop line is installed, we recommend to load through the
drop line only.

lf HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT thisHIMT
is HIMT
not HIMT
possible due
HIMT HIMT HIMTto valve
HIMT arrangement,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuseHIMTfollowing procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
avoid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpeaks in HIMT
HIMT HIMT the cargo
HIMT HIMTpiping
HIMT HIMTduring loading.
1.1 Procedure for loading through the drop line and cargo pump
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 1.2HIMT
Keep manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve closed
HIMT HIMT HIMT until the HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTreach the manifold.
1.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 1.3HIMT
Open the
HIMT manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve partly
fi ll HIMT
cargoHIMTline
HIMTonHIMT
deck.
1.1.4 ** Open the cargo pump discharge valve and drop line valveHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
slowly, untilHIMT
youHIMT HIMT HIMT
reach maximum capacity, or maximum 8 bar cargo pressure, measured at the top of
the
pump.
HIMT HIMT HIMT ForHIMT
HIMT HIMT minimum opening
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtime, see HIMT
HIMT HIMT table onHIMT
HIMT page HIMT4.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.1.5 Continue to load through the drop line and the cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpump.
1.2 Procedure for loading through the cargo pump without drop line
1.2.1
HIMT HIMT HIMT Keep
HIMT HIMT manifold
HIMT valve
HIMT HIMT partly
HIMT HIMT closed
HIMT until
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT cargo
HIMTreach theHIMT
HIMT HIMT manifold.
1.2.2
HIMT HIMT HIMT Open
HIMT HIMT manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve partly,
HIMT HIMT HIMTto fi llHIMT
HIMT cargo line
HIMT HIMT on deck.
1.2.3 HIMT HIMT
** Open HIMTpump
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT valve
discharge HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
slowly. ForHIMT HIMT HIMTopening
minimum HIMT HIMTtime,
HIMT HIMT
seeHIMT HIMT HIMT
table
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on
HIMTpage 4. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
1.2.4 ** Open
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the manifold
HIMT HIMT HIMT valve slowly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuntil
HIMT you
HIMTreach maximum
HIMT HIMT capacity,
HIMT HIMT
maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT 8 bar
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo pressure,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT measured
HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT
theHIMT
topHIMT
of HIMT
the HIMT
pump.HIMTFor
HIMT minimum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtime,
opening HIMT HIMT
see HIMT HIMT
table onHIMT
page HIMT
4.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.2.5
HIMT HIMT HIMT Continue
HIMT HIMT to load
HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo pump.

FRAMO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPUMP AND
HIMT HIMT HIMTPUMPING
HIMT HIMT HIMTOPERATIONS:
Deep wellHIMT
submerged pumpsHIMThave
HIMT HIMT
doneHIMT HIMT HIMT
away withHIMT
the HIMT HIMT pipeline
suction HIMT HIMT where
90% of pumping problems lie. It has almost eliminated cavitation for free flowing
liquids.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hydraulic
Main HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system HIMT HIMT
pressure HIMTbe
must HIMT
15HIMT
barHIMT
above HIMTthe
HIMThighest
HIMT HIMTconsumer.
The
number of pumps used at full speed is governed by the hydraulic oil consumption of
each
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as
HIMTper list
HIMT posted
HIMT in CCR.
HIMT HIMT Remove
HIMT HIMT airHIMT
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT hydraulic system,
HIMT HIMT HIMT always
HIMT HIMT HIMT at the
highest
HIMT HIMT HIMT point.
HIMT HIMT Power
HIMT HIMT HIMTpack hasHIMT
HIMT HIMT a vent
HIMTinterlock.
Framo pump is started with the discharge valve shut. Open the discharge valve only
when
HIMT HIMT discharge pressure
above
HIMT the
HIMTmanifold
HIMT HIMT HIMT common pressure
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
HIMT HIMT there
HIMTwill
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT back
HIMTflow. When
HIMT HIMT HIMTthere is high
HIMT HIMT HIMTback pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT it isHIMT
better
HIMT to doHIMT
HIMT internal stripping.
It is better to run as many pumps in parallel as practically possible at a reduced
hydraulic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pressure than
HIMT HIMT HIMT just
HIMT a few
HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMTatHIMT
maximum
HIMT HIMThydraulic pressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT2HIMT
pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
at 100% capacity are same as 4 pumps at 50% capacity. The advantage is reduced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system
hydraulic HIMT HIMTpressure
on ships HIMT the
where HIMThydraulic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
lines areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
corroded.
When
HIMT HIMT screw
HIMT HIMT HIMTbooster
HIMT HIMTpump (molasses
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT/HIMT
clayHIMTslurry)
HIMT without
HIMT HIMTbypass
HIMT HIMTensure
that
HIMTdelivery
HIMT HIMTside
HIMTvalves including
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshore tank
open, orHIMT
HIMT elseHIMT
a leak
HIMT will
HIMToccur.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Empty the tank at reduced pressure. If required throttle the delivery valve onHIMT
deck.
This is not required if a suction well is provided.
When
HIMT HIMT HIMT backpressure
less, asHIMT
HIMT soon asHIMT
HIMT theHIMT
tankHIMT
is empty,
HIMT HIMTclose the HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo valve
HIMT HIMT fast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and stop pump. Pump speed depends on back pressure, viscosity and density ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo.

Stripping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT procedure:
Reduce pump hydraulic pressure to 100 bar, when pump loses suction as indicated
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT fluctuation.
Connect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcompressed air to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT stack
HIMT HIMT and stripHIMT
HIMT HIMT stack
HIMT(at
HIMT7 HIMT
bar HIMT
pressure).
HIMT HIMTAirHIMTisHIMT
opened
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
slowly to avoid liquid hammer especially with dense liquids like sulphuric acid. ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
can cause the PTFE gasket to creep and spray acid on the stripper. At the time of
stripping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMThydraulic pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
keptHIMT
around 50 bar.
HIMT HIMT Framo
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMTareHIMTnot
HIMTrun
HIMTatHIMT HIMT HIMT
pressures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT lessHIMT
than 50HIMT
HIMT bar.
HIMTWhen theHIMT
HIMT HIMT pump HIMTstarts racing,
HIMT HIMT shutHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
control
HIMT valves
reduce theHIMT HIMT HIMT Close
pressure. HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT discharge
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
valve.
Purge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTcoffer dam.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Neglecting
HIMT HIMT HIMTpurging
HIMT HIMT with heated
HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT willHIMT
HIMT HIMT result in aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
blocked
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcofferdam.
HIMT HIMT HIMTBefore purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcoffer damHIMT
HIMT HIMT check
HIMT that the HIMT
HIMT HIMT reliefHIMT
valve
HIMT(set for 3HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
bar). HIMT HIMT HIMT
Compressed HIMT HIMT
airlines areHIMT HIMT HIMT
drained HIMT the
from HIMT lowest
HIMT HIMTpoint.
Purging HIMTtoHIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
done
HIMT HIMT HIMT several
HIMT HIMT times.
HIMT HIMT HIMT No
HIMTair
HIMTcoming
HIMT HIMTout
HIMTmeans a HIMT
HIMT HIMT blocked cofferdam.
HIMT HIMT UseHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT steam /
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
solvent to clear the block.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ToHIMTfillHIMT
upHIMT HIMT HIMT with
cofferdam HIMT HIMT
waterHIMT(while
discharging HIMT HIMT HIMT
molasses HIMT
etc), useHIMTthe
HIMTsame
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system
purging
HIMT HIMTcofferdam in reverse
HIMT HIMT HIMT order.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT This means
HIMT HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
airHIMT
purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
connection must be opened out to vent air out which is displaced by
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater. ForHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo like clay slurry, the water must be recirculated or the cargo seals will getHIMT HIMT HIMT
damaged.
Every
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT6 months,
HIMT HIMTFramo pump
HIMT HIMT wearHIMT
HIMT HIMT test should
HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMTout. ThisHIMT
HIMT HIMT canHIMT
beHIMT
done byHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
running
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTFramo
HIMT HIMT pump with
HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge valve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshut at good
HIMT HIMT speed
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT FW asHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
medium. Wear rings get worn out by running a pump dry. Dry running happens
during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstripping
HIMT HIMT and tank
HIMT HIMTcleaning.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbearings
The HIMT HIMT HIMT
in theHIMT HIMT HIMT
Framo pumpHIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT and
lubricated HIMT HIMT
cooledHIMTby
HIMT HIMT HIMT return
hydraulic HIMT HIMToilHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
so the pump can run dry without any damage. This means that the hydraulic return
oilHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT is also a bearing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT monitoring system.
HIMT HIMT HIMT AnHIMT
HIMT HIMT alarm
HIMTwill
HIMTbe
HIMTactivated
HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMTgreater thanHIMT
HIMT HIMT 60˚C. If temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexceeds
HIMT HIMT 65˚C all HIMT
HIMT HIMT power HIMTpacks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTautomatically
HIMT HIMT HIMT unloaded except
HIMT HIMT HIMT one.HIMT
HIMT HIMT When temperature
HIMT HIMT comes
HIMT HIMT HIMT60˚C theyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
will be automatically reloaded. The temperature normally maintained is between
30˚C
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and 50˚CHIMT
HIMT HIMT by HIMT
cooling
HIMT water.
Cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT
in cofferdam means – cargo
seal, HIMT HIMT
ceramic HIMT HIMT
sleeve, HIMT head
pump HIMT HIMT
sealHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
leaks.

PORTABLE
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFRAMO
HIMT HIMT PUMP:
If HIMT
vessel is fitted
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT individual
HIMT HIMTdeep well
HIMT HIMT pumps,
HIMT then
HIMT HIMT HIMTat
HIMT least one HIMT
HIMT HIMT portable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT is required
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to beHIMT
HIMT carried.
HIMT HIMTThe pumps
HIMT should
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT tested
HIMTatHIMT
least 4 HIMT
HIMT times a HIMT
HIMT yearHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
and hydraulic couplings on deck should be iden tified, kept operational and coveredHIMT HIMT HIMT
with denso tape. The portable pump is used in emergency when the main pump
fails.
HIMT HIMT HIMT If the
HIMT HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTpump
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
used,
HIMTthen the HIMT
HIMT HIMT terminal and
HIMT HIMT HIMT owners
HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
advised.
CARGO
HIMT HIMT HIMT HEATING
HIMT HIMT HIMT SYSTEM
Heavy
HIMT HIMT HIMT fractions,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch as fuel
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil
HIMT become
HIMT HIMTvery thickHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
sluggish
HIMT HIMT when cold,
HIMT HIMT and,
order that such oils can be loaded and discharged without delay it is necessary HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT HIMT HIMT
keep
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT them heated.
Methods of heating the cargo are the use of:
a)Water heating

b)Steam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsupplied to coils
HIMT HIMT HIMT or other
HIMT HIMT forms
extended
HIMT HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTsurface
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
theHIMT
tank forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
normal
HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmineral
c)A HIMT HIMT oil
HIMTheating
HIMT HIMT fluid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
supplied toHIMT HIMT HIMT
heating HIMT HIMT HIMT
apparatus for HIMT HIMT HIMT
special HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(heavy)
petroleum cargoes
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTthe
HIMTslop
HIMTtanks areHIMT
HIMT HIMT equipped
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTaHIMT
cargo
HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTsystem
The purpose of the system is to heat the crude up to a temperature at which HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
viscosity will allow it to be handled by the cargo pumping system.
Heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbe
HIMTobtained
HIMT HIMT circulation
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
steam
HIMT or
HIMTa HIMT
thermal fluidHIMT
HIMT HIMT (Ex.HIMT
Mixture
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT water
HIMTand
HIMTglycol)
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
a system ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT heating coils.Thermal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Fluid
HIMT composed
mineral
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT HIMT HIMT
synthetic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
oils
Systems based on thermal fluid present higher efficiency values in comparison with
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT traditional
HIMT steam
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTones.Heating coils
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbeHIMTinHIMT
aluminum
HIMT HIMTbronze
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
in HIMT
stainless
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
steel.Max.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature: 65ºCHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT Mounted
HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT Heaters
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT alternative the heating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT can be obtained
HIMT HIMT by aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT system without
HIMT HIMT heating
HIMT HIMT coils,
HIMT HIMT based
HIMT HIMT HIMT
onHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
recirculation HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT HIMT pumps
by submerged HIMT HIMTthrough
HIMT HIMT HIMT
heatHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exchangers
mounted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT–HIMT
Advantages: The absence
heating coils
HIMT HIMT HIMTfacilitates the HIMT
washing – The
HIMT HIMT heatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
exchangers are not exposed to the cargo when the cargo is not beeing heated (lessHIMT HIMT HIMT
corrosion)
Deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT mounted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo heaters
HIMT HIMT eliminate
HIMTneed
HIMTfor in-tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTheating coils
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT interior
HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTbeHIMT
made withHIMT
HIMT HIMT flushHIMTtank
HIMT top
HIMT free fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT coils,
HIMT brackets andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
clamps.Flush
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT topHIMT
facilitates
HIMT HIMTquicker
HIMT HIMTstripping withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT less cargo
HIMT remaining
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
tank.Cargo tank washing can be performed quicker with less consumption of
washing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater andHIMT
HIMT HIMT less
HIMTslop
HIMThandling.

Leakage
HIMT HIMT HIMT in heat-exchanger
HIMT HIMT HIMT pipes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMTpermit
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
to HIMT
contaminate theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT condensate
system
HIMT HIMT steam HIMTheating
HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMTorHIMTwater to contaminate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTcargo.Dangers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexist
heating HIMT HIMT
heavy HIMT HIMT
cargoes HIMTas
(such HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT
bitumen) HIMT
water isHIMT HIMT HIMT
present HIMT
in the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo.
Steel heating coils suffer serious corrosive attack from some cargoes.Vaporization
increases
HIMT HIMT HIMT a rise
HIMTinHIMT
temperature.Cargo temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThasHIMT
to be monitored
Control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalves
HIMT HIMTare operated
HIMT during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunloading
HIMT HIMT HIMTaccording to planned
emptying tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Ballast
Ballast HIMT HIMT
is taken asHIMT HIMT HIMT
required by HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the unloading HIMT
plan inHIMT HIMT tanks.
ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
During the ballasting of cargo tanks similar risks will be experienced as when loading
a HIMT
Line
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT draining andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
carried outHIMT
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTrequired
HIMT HIMTtrim being
HIMT HIMT HIMTmaintained
ballasting operations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Importance
monitoring
HIMT HIMTcertain
HIMT HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMTsuch as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
-at manifold
-discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT side
HIMT the HIMT
pump HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
-inert gas HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mainline
Ballast
Defines
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclean, segregated,
HIMT HIMT dirty,
HIMT HIMT HIMT arrival
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT departure
HIMT HIMTballast
Ballast requirements criteria as: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Draft,
HIMT trim, stress
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT stability
HIMT HIMTconsiderations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankers
HIMT HIMTwith tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTsolely
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
designated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast,
HIMT served
HIMT HIMTby a HIMT
HIMT dedicated
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMTsystem areHIMT
HIMT HIMT segregated
ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks
Additional ballast is carried in cargo tanks if the segregated ballast capacity is
insufficient.Such
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMTis put
HIMT inHIMT
HIMT designated
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT called heavy
HIMT HIMT weather
ballast.Ship
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMThave onlyHIMT
HIMT HIMT clean
HIMT or
HIMTsegregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT ballast on HIMT
HIMT HIMT boardHIMTupon arrival
HIMT HIMT HIMTin theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
loading HIMT
port HIMT
for HIMT HIMT
pollution HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevention
Changing ballast is a legislative requirement for pollution prevention under Ballast
Water
HIMT HIMT HIMT Convention
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanks
Slop HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank is filled
HIMT HIMT HIMTwith an oily
HIMT HIMT HIMTwater mixture
HIMT HIMT afterHIMT
HIMT HIMT tankHIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMTwater is transferred
There
HIMT HIMT need toHIMT
HIMT decant
HIMT the
HIMTcontents of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTslop
HIMTtank
HIMT to minimize
HIMT HIMT HIMTpollution
Decanting is HIMT HIMT out
carried HIMT after
HIMT HIMT
oilyHIMT HIMT mixture
water HIMT HIMT is HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
permitted HIMT HIMT
at least 24 HIMT
hoursHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
settling down and separating
Then
HIMT HIMT water is HIMT
HIMT discharged
HIMT HIMT through the ODMCS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin line
HIMTwith MARPOL
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTregulations
keeping
HIMTinterface
HIMT HIMTat least
HIMT HIMT1HIMT
metre
HIMTabove theHIMT
HIMT HIMT discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMTpoint
Remainder of HIMT
the HIMT
slopHIMT
tankHIMT
mayHIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMT
utilized forHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
carriage HIMT HIMT
of next cargoHIMTloaded
HIMT HIMTonHIMT HIMT HIMT
top of the balance.All slop handling operations on tankers are recorded in the Oil
Record
HIMT HIMT HIMT Book

7.2.5
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTCleaning-
HIMT HIMT HIMT Oil HIMT Tankers
Procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT cleaning
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
to be
HIMTfollowed.
HIMT HIMT Tank washing
HIMT HIMT machines
HIMTused
There
HIMT HIMT portable
HIMT HIMT and fixed
HIMT tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT washing machines.
HIMT HIMT Tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may be HIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaned withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
water or HIMT
crudeHIMT oilHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
(COW).On theHIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast HIMT HIMT
voyage, HIMT
only HIMT HIMT
water HIMT HIMT
is used, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sometimes
mixed with chemicals. Hot or cold water may be used if the tank washing system
incorporates
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
water
HIMTheater
Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT washing
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT HIMT preferably
carried out in
HIMT HIMT HIMTa HIMT
non-explosive atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT
This may be an inert or, alternatively, too lean atmosphere. If an inertHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system
(IGS) is fitted and operating, tank washing should take place in an inert atmosphere
If HIMT
IGSHIMT
is HIMT
not HIMT
fitted, tank
HIMT washing
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT preferably
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtake place
HIMT HIMT HIMTin a HIMT
HIMT too HIMT
leanHIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TooHIMTlean
atmosphere HIMT HIMTof
methods HIMT HIMTcleaning
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to
needs HIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMT
done HIMT HIMT
to keep theHIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere in the tank less than LEL
Ventilation is carried out until a too lean atmosphere is achieved
Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe HIMTcontinued
HIMT HIMT HIMTduring tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT washing
HIMT HIMTto maintain
HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT too HIMT
leanHIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTank
HIMT HIMTwashing water
HIMT HIMT HIMTis transferred
HIMT to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT slop
HIMT HIMTtank for decanting
Tank HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMT HIMT
is carried HIMT
out to:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.prepare tanks for the carriage of the next cargo
2.prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT the build-up
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof oily
HIMTresidues
3.facilitate
HIMT HIMT HIMT freeing andHIMT
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
entry
HIMTfor repairs/
HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT mopping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with
4.comply HIMT HIMT HIMT party
charter HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requirements
5.comply with MARPOL regulations
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Heavy
HIMT weather circumstances,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprepare
HIMT HIMTtanks for HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
carriage of clean
HIMT HIMT ballast
It HIMT
be HIMT
accomplished
HIMT HIMT HIMTby means
HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT portable or HIMT
HIMT HIMT fixedHIMT
tank
HIMTwashing
HIMT HIMT machines,
HIMT HIMT HIMT
sometimes a combination of both using hot, cold, fresh or sea water and/or chemicalHIMT HIMT HIMT
detergents singly or in combination

Vessels
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTare equipped
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT special machines.
HIMT HIMT Fixed
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaning machines
HIMT HIMT are fitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT
onHIMT HIMT HIMT
tankers. HIMT HIMT
Closed andHIMT
OpenHIMTcycle
HIMT HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
there.
Portable and fixed machines used. A powerful jet of the cleaning liquid is directed to
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMTsurface toHIMT
HIMT HIMT washHIMTdown sediments
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwashed
HIMT HIMTsediments and
HIMT wash
HIMTliquid collected
HIMT HIMT atHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
bottom
HIMTof tank
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
stripped
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
to slop tank. Number of times of the wash and the speed of the nozzle are changedHIMT HIMT HIMT
as required depending on the cargo
Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning
HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT done
HIMT HIMT in complete
HIMT HIMT HIMTinert atmosphere
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Portable machine
HIMT HIMT /Dummy
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcap
HIMT with hose
HIMT HIMT holder
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TANKHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
CLEANING HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
OPERATIONS ON HIMT
OILHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TANKERS ANDHIMTSLOP
TANK
OPERATIONS ON OIL TANKERS
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT According
HIMT HIMTto MARPOL
HIMT HIMT HIMT Annexe
HIMT HIMT 1 Regulation
HIMT 29 -HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Slop tanks
• 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of regulation 3 of this Annex, oil
tankers
HIMT HIMT 150 HIMT
grossHIMTtonnage andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT above shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
provided with
HIMT HIMT HIMTslop tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
arrangements.
• HIMT
Adequate meansHIMT HIMT
shallHIMT
provided for HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMTcargo
tanks andHIMT HIMT HIMT
transferring the dirty ballast residue and tank washings from the cargo tanks
intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a slop
HIMTtank approved
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
Administration.

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT In this
HIMT system
HIMT HIMTarrangements shall
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT provided
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
transfer theHIMT
HIMT HIMT oilyHIMT
wasteHIMTinto
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT or
HIMTcombination of slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTin such
HIMT a way
HIMT HIMT HIMT that anyHIMT
HIMT HIMT effluent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharged into HIMT
the HIMT
sea HIMT HIMTsuch
will be HIMT HIMT
as toHIMT HIMT HIMT
comply withHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
regulations.
• The arrangements of the slop tank or combination of slop tanks shall have a
capacity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnecessary to retain
HIMT HIMT slopHIMT
generated
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTtank
HIMTwashings, oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT residues
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT dirty ballast
HIMT residues.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTtotal
HIMT capacity of the
HIMTtank
HIMT or
HIMTtanks shallHIMT
be less than 3 per cent of the oil carrying capacity of the ship, except that theHIMT HIMT HIMT
Administration may accept:
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Oil HIMT
tankers of 70,000
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtonnes
HIMT HIMT HIMT shall
HIMT be
HIMTprovided withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT at least
HIMT HIMTtwoHIMT HIMT HIMT
slop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks.
• Decanting of the contents of the slop tank is a critical step in the retention of
oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT on HIMT
board,HIMT hence
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtiming
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
theHIMT
various
HIMT HIMT steps in HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
operation
important.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTEven a short
HIMT HIMT delay
stopping a pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor HIMT
closing
HIMT a valve
HIMT HIMTcan
HIMT allow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a significant quantity of oil to escape into the sea. The oil dischargeHIMT HIMT HIMT
monitoring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT system
HIMT HIMT in use
HIMTduring
HIMT HIMT discharge andHIMT
alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
assist considerably in the satisfactory conduct of this operation. As with dirty
ballast,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT timeHIMTrequired for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil and water
HIMT HIMT HIMTto separate
HIMT HIMT HIMT in
HIMTthe
HIMTslop tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
depends HIMTthe
upon HIMTmotion
HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
theHIMTshipHIMT
as HIMT
wellHIMT
as onHIMT HIMT
the HIMTof
type HIMT HIMT HIMT
previous HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo.
Under
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT favourable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT conditions,
HIMT HIMT HIMT a few
HIMT HIMThours may
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMTenough, but HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT in most
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
circumstances, 36 hours or more should be allowed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• HIMT HIMT HIMT
Before HIMT HIMT
starting, an HIMT HIMT HIMT
accurate HIMT HIMTand
interface HIMT ullage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTusing
reading HIMT HIMT
an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil/water
interface
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT detector, mustHIMT
taken to determine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe depth
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT oil layer.
Certain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT products
HIMT accumulate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTan electrostratic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT charge, which
HIMT HIMT must
allowed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
dissipate
HIMT HIMTbefore
HIMT HIMTtaking
HIMT HIMT interface readings.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAccordingly,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstrictHIMT HIMT HIMT
adherence to internationally accepted safety precautions covering ullage and
sampling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT
essential.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
interface HIMT HIMT
profile mayHIMT HIMT
vary HIMT several
over HIMT HIMTinches
HIMT HIMT inHIMT HIMTHence,
depth. HIMT HIMTdischarge
from the slop tank must be slowed down well before the interface is reached
to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT avoid HIMTdischarge of any
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil-in
HIMT HIMT water
HIMT emulsion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT overboard.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTdischarge
must
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcease when
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMToil
HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT HIMT monitoring and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT control system
HIMT HIMT indicates
thatHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMTpermissible
maximum HIMT HIMT HIMTrateHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge, of oilHIMT
ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
60 liters perHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
nautical
mile is approached and, in any case, before the interface is entrained.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Although
HIMT HIMT every effort
HIMT HIMT made HIMTto remove
HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMT
muchHIMTwater as HIMT
HIMT HIMT possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
from the slop tank, the prime objective is to prevent oily water reachingHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
sea. Extreme care is therefore necessary and a close check must be kept on
theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT overboard discharge
HIMT HIMTthe HIMT oil
HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT HIMT monitoring andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system.
• Agitation of the contents of the slop tank must be kept to a minimum to avoid
drawing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToilHIMT
intoHIMT
the
HIMTsuction
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
vortex or HIMT
HIMT HIMT wireHIMTeffects, particularly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
oil/water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinterface
HIMT HIMTapproaches
HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMTtop
HIMTof the
HIMT structural
HIMT members
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMT
the HIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
bottom.
• Pumping rates must be strictly controlled. The following detailed procedures
should be followed:

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 1. pump
HIMT HIMTdown
HIMTthe
HIMTslop tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT usingHIMTone
HIMTmain cargo
HIMT HIMT pump
HIMT at slow
HIMT HIMT speed
HIMT HIMT HIMTuntil
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdepth of about
HIMT HIMT 20%
theHIMT
tankHIMT
is reached:
• HIMT
2. stop the HIMT
cargoHIMTpump,
HIMT HIMT HIMTfind
then HIMToil/water
interface and HIMT HIMT HIMT
ullage HIMT HIMT
reading andHIMT HIMT HIMT
recalculate the remaining water depth
• 3. resume
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpumping of the
HIMTtank, thisHIMT
HIMT HIMT time using
HIMT HIMT the
HIMTstripping
HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem, untilHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
a predetermined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water depth
HIMT HIMT HIMTis reached
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich,
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
theHIMT
particular size HIMT
construction of the slop tank, is known not to give rise to discharge of oil.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Pumping, which may initially be as a moderate rate, should be slowed as this
predetermined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water depth
HIMT HIMT HIMT is approached.
• HIMT
if oilHIMTappear
HIMT HIMTbefore
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
predetermined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwaterHIMT depth
HIMT HIMTisHIMTreached orHIMT
monitor indicates that the oil content of the effluent discharged approachesHIMT HIMT HIMT
the permitted limits, stop pumping; and
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 5. allow further
HIMT HIMT settling
HIMT slop
HIMT tank
HIMT HIMTcontents for as
HIMT HIMT HIMT long
HIMT HIMTasHIMTpossible before
repeating
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsteps 3 and
HIMT HIMT HIMT 4.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Final
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTline
HIMTand
HIMT pump
HIMT HIMTflush
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT After these
HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT have been
HIMT HIMT HIMTcompleted,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTlines and HIMT
HIMT HIMT pumps HIMT used willHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
contain HIMT of
traces HIMT HIMT
oil. HIMT HIMT
While the HIMT
shipHIMT HIMTmore
is still HIMT HIMTthan HIMT50HIMT HIMT HIMT
nautical HIMT HIMT
miles fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT nearest landHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
outside a special
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT area, the lines
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT pumps which
HIMT HIMT will
used to discharge clean ballast must therefore be thoroughly flushed to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsea
through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
oil HIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMTmonitoring
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMT system,
HIMT HIMT thus
HIMT ensuring thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the permitted instantaneous rate of discharge of oil is not exceeded. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clean ballast
• Only clean ballast or segregated ballast may be discharged within 50 nautical
miles
theHIMT
nearest landHIMT
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
withinHIMTa HIMT
special
HIMT area.
HIMT HIMTIn addition,
HIMT HIMT HIMTlocal regulations
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT be checked
HIMT HIMT in advance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto ensure
HIMT thatHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMT ofHIMTclean ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
permitted portHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
areas.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Where clean
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
discharged through
HIMT HIMT oil discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT monitoring andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system,
HIMT HIMT it HIMT
HIMT HIMT shallHIMTbeHIMT
accepted
HIMT HIMT asHIMTbeing
HIMT HIMT clean, notwithstanding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
presence HIMT HIMT
visible tracesHIMTofHIMT
oil,HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided HIMT
that theHIMT
oilHIMT HIMT HIMT
content HIMTdischarge
of the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as recorded by the equipment is not more than 15 ppm.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Although
HIMT HIMT the oilHIMT
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTmonitoring
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMTis HIMT
in operation, theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast outlet should be watched particularly when draining a tank bottom, asHIMT HIMT HIMT
this is the most likely time for oil to be picked up. If traces of oil become visible
in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge,
operation
HIMT HIMTmust be stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT immediately.
• HIMT
Ballast waterHIMTdischarged
HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballast tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
visually
checked prior to and during discharge for the presence of any oil.
Disposal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof slop
HIMT HIMTresidues
• Before reaching the loading port, the master should advise his owners or
charterers of the amount of retained residues on board. These may then be
handled in one of the following ways :

• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 1. by pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTresidues
HIMT HIMT ashore
HIMT HIMTat theHIMT
HIMT loading terminal
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTretaining
2. by HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT HIMT HIMT
residues onHIMT
boardHIMTand
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading the HIMT
newHIMT HIMTon
cargo HIMT HIMT
top ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
them, or
• 3. by
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTretaining the residues
HIMT HIMT HIMT board,HIMTbut
HIMTsegregated
HIMT HIMT HIMT from
HIMT the
HIMT new cargo.
HIMT HIMT HIMTIfHIMT HIMT HIMT
thisHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is HIMT
done, HIMTitHIMT
mayHIMTbeHIMTpossible to pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT them
HIMT ashore
HIMT HIMT atHIMTthe
HIMTunloading
terminal, if HIMT HIMT HIMT
reception HIMT HIMT
facilities HIMT
are HIMT HIMT HIMT
available. HIMThowever,
It may, HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
necessary
retain the residues for more than one voyages.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Handling
HIMT HIMTSludge
• Only small quantities of sludge should remain in the cargo tanks after
machine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT washing.
HIMT HIMTShould
HIMT HIMT areas of heavy
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsludge build-up
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT foundHIMTafter
HIMT initial
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT washing,
HIMT HIMT HIMT they areHIMT
HIMT HIMT better
HIMT dealt with
specially
HIMT HIMTlocated
HIMT HIMTtank washing
machines and rewashing with very hot water than by resorting to hand lifting.HIMT HIMT HIMT
In this
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT manner,
HIMT HIMT HIMTmuch HIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
sand,
HIMTscale,
HIMT HIMTsediment
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT oil
HIMTcan
HIMTbe transferred
to the slop tank, thereby minimizing removal by hand.
• HIMT
handHIMTamount
HIMT HIMTof HIMT HIMT HIMT
sludge thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
is found HIMTefficient
after HIMT HIMTcleaning
is composed
principally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof scale,
HIMT sand,
HIMT HIMT water,
HIMT waxHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMTsediments
HIMT HIMT of various
HIMT HIMT HIMTkinds.
• HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMTsludge
HIMT HIMT HIMToil HIMT
or oil residues
recovered
HIMT HIMT by
HIMThand, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT material
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should be retained on board in suitable containers and disposed of ashore. HIMT HIMT HIMT
7.2.5.7
HIMT HIMT HIMT CRUDE
HIMT HIMT OILHIMT
HIMT HIMT WASHING:
Use of tank washing equipment using high-pressure jets of crude oil from the cargo
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT dissolve
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTremove
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMTresidues
HIMT HIMT and deposits
HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT cling
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
HIMT theHIMT
internal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
surfaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand fillings
cargo
HIMT is called
HIMT crude
HIMT HIMT HIMToil
HIMTwashing.Crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil HIMT
washing may
carried outHIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
single stage HIMT
orHIMT HIMT HIMTmethods
multistage HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Basic knowledge of the working of a tank-washing machine is required for the
operator.
Purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTfreeing-Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMTfreeing
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
usually doneHIMT
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
mechanical means
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT-HIMT
portable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fans or a fixed system HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
IGS Blower may be used for gas freeing. Gas freeing is the replacement of
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMT or HIMTinert
HIMTgas
HIMTby air.
HIMT Hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMT remain
HIMT HIMTinside a cargo
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTafter cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT discharge.
HIMT HIMT HIMTHydrocarbon
HIMT HIMTareHIMTmixed with
HIMT HIMT inert
HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTon
HIMT aHIMT
shipHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
fitted with an IGS or with air in a ship not so fitted. In an inerted cargo tank there isHIMT HIMT HIMT
no explosive atmosphere
Care
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT must be HIMT
HIMT HIMT taken that
HIMT HIMTthe tank
HIMT HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTdoes not HIMT
HIMT HIMT come within
HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrange
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during
HIMT HIMT freeing operations.
HIMT HIMT SootHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT particles
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
inertHIMTgas create
HIMT an additional
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ignition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hazard in an explosive tank atmosphereHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Gas freeing a non-inerted tank may bring the tank atmosphere within the explosive
range
HIMT HIMT some HIMTtime. Oil HIMT
HIMT HIMT tankers shall
supplied
HIMT HIMTwith meters
HIMT HIMT HIMT to
HIMTcheck oxygen
content,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT content
HIMT HIMTby volume,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpercentage
HIMT HIMT HIMT lower flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT limit
HIMT(LFL)
HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
toxic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content. HIMT HIMT
Purging HIMT HIMT
a tank withHIMT
inertHIMT HIMT
gas HIMT
will HIMT HIMT
prevent theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
development HIMT
anHIMT HIMT HIMT
explosive atmosphere in a cargo tank

COW
HIMT HIMT mandatory
HIMT HIMTonHIMTnew tankers
HIMT HIMT under
HIMT HIMT HIMT the International
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTConvention
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
Prevention
Pollution by Ships
HIMT HIMT (MARPOL
HIMT HIMT 73/78).
Tank HIMT HIMT
is washed HIMTthe
with HIMT HIMT HIMT
same HIMTDuring
cargo. HIMT HIMTCOWHIMT HIMT
inertHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be available
This reduces the sludge formation at the bottom of the tanks. According to IMO,
1/3rd
HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks to be
HIMT HIMT crude
HIMT oil washed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTduring discharging.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Oxygen content
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT lessHIMTthan
HIMT 5%
HIMT -HIMT
inerted atmosphere
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks.
HIMTAlarms
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTfailsafe
HIMT HIMTdevices
HIMT HIMTto beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
fitted and working HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT1 HIMT
Regulation 35 -HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Crude
HIMToil
HIMTwashing
HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.HIMT
EveryHIMToil
HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanker HIMT HIMTwith
operating HIMT HIMT
crude HIMT
oilHIMT HIMT HIMT
washing HIMT HIMTshall
systems HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be provided withHIMT HIMT HIMT
anHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Operations
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTEquipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTManual
HIMT HIMTdetailing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT system andHIMT
HIMT HIMT equipment andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
specifying
HIMT HIMT HIMT operational
HIMT HIMT HIMT procedures.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Such
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa HIMT
Manual shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
to the
HIMTsatisfaction
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
Administration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and shall
HIMT contain
HIMT HIMT all the
HIMT HIMT information
HIMT HIMT set HIMT
in the
HIMTspecifications
referred HIMT HIMT HIMT
in paragraph 2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of regulation 33 HIMT HIMT
of this HIMT HIMT
Annex. HIMTalteration
If an HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
affecting theHIMT HIMT HIMT
crude
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil washing
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMT HIMT is made,
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT Operations
Equipment Manual
HIMT HIMT HIMT shall
HIMT
revised accordingly.
2.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT With respect
HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
ballasting ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTtanks, sufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTshall be crude
oil washed prior to each ballast voyage in order that, taking into account the tanker‘s
trading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpattern and
HIMT HIMT expected
HIMT HIMT HIMTweather
HIMT HIMT conditions,
HIMT HIMT water is put
HIMT HIMT only
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMThave
HIMT been crude
HIMT HIMT HIMToil washed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
3.HIMT HIMT HIMT
Unless HIMTtanker
an oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carries HIMToil
crude HIMT HIMT HIMT
which HIMTsuitable
is not HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT HIMT
crude oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
washing,
the oil tanker shall operate the crude oil washing system in accordance with the
Operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and Equipment
HIMT Manual.
Crude
HIMT HIMT washing (COW)
HIMT HIMT is a HIMT
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT whereby oil tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMT
a tanker areHIMT
HIMT HIMT cleaned
HIMT HIMToutHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT voyages
between HIMT HIMT HIMT
not HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
water, but HIMT
withHIMT HIMToil
crude HIMT - HIMT
the HIMT
itself. TheHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
solvent
action of the crude oil makes the cleaning process far more effective than when
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT is used.
HIMT HIMT (There
HIMT HIMT is usually
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
HIMT HIMT finalHIMT
waterHIMTrinse but HIMT
HIMT HIMT the amount
HIMT HIMT of water
HIMT involved
isHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT veryHIMTlow.) TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT system
HIMT HIMThelps prevent
HIMT HIMT pollution
theHIMTseas fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT operational
measures.
COW is mandatory on new tankers under the International Convention for the
Prevention
Pollution by Ships
HIMT HIMT (MARPOL
HIMT HIMT 73/78).
A crude oil tanker with an inert gas system andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT approved
HIMT HIMT fixed
HIMTwashing equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
its cargo tanks can use crude oil from the cargo as a washing medium. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
operation may take place either in port or at sea between discharge ports. It is most
frequently
HIMT HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMT whileHIMT
theHIMT
tanker is discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo andHIMT
HIMT HIMT permits theHIMT
HIMT HIMT removal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
fractions adhering
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto orHIMT
HIMT deposited
HIMT HIMT onHIMTtank surfaces.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThese deposits,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
would normally remain on board after discharge, are then discharged with the cargo. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
As a consequence, the need to water wash the discharged tanks during the ballast
voyage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for theHIMT
HIMT removal
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
residues
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
much HIMTreduced and,HIMT
some cases,
HIMT HIMT HIMTentirely
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
eliminated.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTcrude
HIMT HIMT
oil HIMT HIMT HIMT
washing HIMT HIMT
method HIMT HIMT
involves HIMT HIMTout
cleaning HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT
notHIMT
withHIMT HIMTbut
water HIMTusing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
crude oil, i.e. the cargo itself. The solvent action of the crude oil makes the cleaning
process
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfarHIMTmore
HIMT HIMTeffective
HIMT HIMTthan when
HIMT HIMT water
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
HIMT used. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT process
HIMT HIMTisHIMT usually
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
completed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
a final water
HIMT HIMT rinse,
HIMT butHIMT
HIMT HIMT onlyHIMTa HIMT
smallHIMTvolume
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
water
HIMTis used.
HIMT ThisHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
method isHIMT HIMT HIMTas
accepted HIMTa HIMT HIMT HIMT
possible HIMT HIMT HIMT
alternative HIMTsystem
to the HIMT HIMT ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
segregated HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ballasts
onboard existing tankers and constitutes an additional requirement onboard new
tanker.

7.2.6
HIMT HIMT HIMT Purging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfreeing
Gas HIMT HIMTisHIMT HIMT HIMT
usually HIMTby
done HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
mechanical HIMT HIMTSuch
means. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
means mayHIMT be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
portable
fans or a fixed system. IGS Blower may be used for gas freeing
Gas
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
the HIMT
replacement of hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT by
HIMTair
Hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapours remain
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinside a cargo
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT after
HIMT HIMTcargo discharge
Hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are mixed HIMTinert
with HIMT gas
HIMT HIMT
on aHIMT
shipHIMT HIMTwith
fitted HIMTanHIMT HIMTor
IGS HIMT HIMT
with airHIMT HIMT HIMT
in a ship not so fitted. An inerted cargo tank there is no explosive atmosphere
Care
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT must be HIMT
HIMT HIMT taken that
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtank
HIMTatmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTdoes not HIMT
HIMT HIMT come within
HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrange
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during
HIMT HIMT freeing operations.
HIMT HIMT SootHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT particles
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
inertHIMT
gas create
HIMT an additional
HIMT HIMT ignition
hazard in an explosive tank atmosphere HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Gas
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
non-inerted tankHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMTbring the HIMT
HIMT HIMT tankHIMT
atmosphere within
HIMTexplosive
range
HIMT HIMT someHIMTtime.Oil tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT shallHIMT
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
supplied
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT meters
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTcheck oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT
content, hydrocarbon content by volume, percentage lower flammable limit (LFL)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
toxic gas content. Purging a tank with inert gas will prevent the development of an
explosive
HIMT HIMT HIMT atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMT in aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo tank
7.2.6.13
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMTand gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT freeing
HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTrepairs
Before carrying any work on the deck, tanks are cleaned and gas freed.
Space
HIMT HIMT be certified
HIMTgas
HIMTfree
HIMTbyHIMTa HIMT
shore based
HIMT chemist
HIMT HIMT before
HIMT HIMT commencing
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwork whether
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTit HIMT
is ‗cold work‘
HIMT HIMT HIMT or
HIMT‗hot work‘
HIMT HIMT HIMTPermits
HIMT HIMTtoHIMTbeHIMT
issued
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
responsible HIMT HIMT prior
authority HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
commencing theHIMT HIMT
job. HIMT HIMT tanks
Adjacent HIMT HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
be gas freedHIMT
forHIMT HIMT HIMT
any hot work
Procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT
tank cleaning,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpurging
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT gas
HIMT freeing
HIMT HIMTmust be carried
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTout
Before
HIMT HIMT enter
HIMT tank, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust be HIMT
HIMT HIMT checked forHIMT
HIMT HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
content, HIMT HIMT HIMT content
HIMT HIMTand,
HIMT HIMT
afterHIMT HIMT HIMT
carrying HIMTcargoes,
some HIMT HIMT HIMT
toxicHIMT
gasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
content
Oxygen content must be 21% by volume. Hydrocarbon content must be less than
1%
HIMT HIMT HIMT LFL.Inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT supply
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
theHIMT
tankHIMT
should be shut
HIMT HIMT off HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
An additional hot work permit is required for hot work.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Permission
HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT work should
HIMT HIMT HIMT
only be given for a period sufficient to complete the task. Under no circumstancesHIMT HIMT HIMT
should the period exceed one day
7.3 Cargo operations in a chemical tanker:
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in chemical
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTcomplex
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT potentially
HIMT HIMT HIMT hazardous.
Following operations require careful planning and preparations: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
- Loading
- Discharging
- Tank
7.3.1
HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMT Information
Information HIMT HIMT
about HIMT HIMT
cargoes to beHIMT HIMT HIMTisHIMT
handled HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
essential theHIMT HIMT of
safety HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
vessel andHIMT HIMT HIMT
her crew. Such information may be found on ICS or other cargo data sheets for each
product,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMTalso include
HIMT HIMT HIMTallHIMT
necessary
HIMT HIMTdata for HIMT
HIMT HIMT the safe handling
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTcarriage
the cargo. Cargo information for most tanker cargoes is kept on board and available

for
HIMT HIMT HIMT all HIMT
HIMT concerned.
HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMTwill not
HIMT beHIMT
HIMT loaded unless
HIMT HIMT HIMTsufficient information
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnecessary
HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMT HIMT HIMT
itsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT safe handling
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTtransportation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis available
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofficer
Responsible HIMT HIMT HIMT
will HIMT
see toHIMT HIMT the
it that HIMTnecessary
information HIMT HIMT
is posted onHIMT HIMT HIMT
the notice board prior to cargo operations. All personnel engaged in cargo operations
should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfamiliarize themselves
cargoes byHIMT
HIMT HIMT studying
HIMT HIMTthe ICS
HIMT orHIMT
HIMT other
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
data
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsheets
operations HIMT HIMT HIMT
on chemical HIMT HIMT
tankers mayHIMT HIMT HIMT
involve HIMT HIMT HIMTloading,
simultaneous HIMT HIMTunloading
and tank cleaning. Based on cargo information obtained through cargo data sheets,
compatibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdata sheets,
HIMT HIMT HIMT coating
HIMT HIMTcompatibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMTcargo tanks,
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTplanned
compliance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith all safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTproviding
HIMT HIMTadequate
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo segregation,
keeping mindHIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
hazardous HIMT of
nature HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes
Personnel engaged in cargo operations should familiarize themselves with the
properties
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo to be
HIMT HIMT loaded
studying theHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMTdata
HIMT sheets/MSDS
7.3.2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Loading
CARGO
HIMT HIMT HIMT PLANNING
Cargo
HIMT always
HIMT HIMTpre
HIMTplanned.
HIMT HIMT The mainHIMT
HIMT HIMT purpose
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
planning cargo
operations is to ensure safe and efficient operation. Cargo operations on chemical
tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMTinvolve
HIMT HIMT simultaneous
HIMT HIMT HIMT loading, unloading
HIMTtank
HIMTcleaning.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTplanning
HIMT HIMT of these
HIMT operations
doneHIMTinHIMT
co-operation between
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe vessel
HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
shore based operation team. Cargo preplanning is based on cargo information, port HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
information and thorough knowledge of the ship and its cargo systems.
Points
HIMT HIMT HIMT to be
HIMT HIMT taken
HIMT intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT account during
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTplanning of cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas:
 Rules and regulations
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Seamanship
 HIMT
Safety
 Port rotation for loading
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Ballasting
HIMT HIMT and de-ballasting
 HIMT
Draft HIMTstability
 Cargo properties (flammability, toxicity, reactivity)
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Suitability
HIMT HIMT of coatings
 HIMT
maintenance HIMT HIMT
during voyageHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Port rotation for unloading
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT TankHIMTcleaning procedures
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT SlopHIMTretaining
HIMT HIMT and
disposal
HIMT HIMT HIMTHeated
HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTnot beHIMT
HIMT loaded adjacent
HIMT HIMT to cargoes,
HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMTpolymerize
HIMT HIMT HIMTinhibited
HIMT HIMT cargoes, highly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvolatile
HIMT HIMT cargoes.
HIMT HIMTToxic cargoes
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT not HIMT
HIMT HIMT be stowed
HIMT HIMT HIMTadjacent
to edible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes.
The
HIMTtype to be
HIMT HIMT considered,
ship should
HIMT be capable
HIMT HIMT of carrying
HIMTcargo in HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
accordance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMTthe
HIMTIBC
HIMTcode.
Annex HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
II categorization: HIMT HIMT
Proper nameHIMTofHIMT HIMT and
cargo HIMT its
HIMT HIMT
UN HIMT HIMT
number asHIMT HIMTin
given HIMT
code of Annex II to be identified.

Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT type:HIMT
HIMT HIMT The
HIMTtype
HIMTof tank
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
which
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTrequires
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
be HIMT
carried
HIMT is to HIMT
HIMT be identified
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcomplied with.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Tank HIMT HIMT
coatings: TheHIMT HIMTof
type HIMT HIMTcoating
tank HIMT HIMT inHIMT
theHIMT
tanksHIMTshould
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
compatible withHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo intended to be carried.
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT compatibility:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMany
HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTsensitive to contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
impurities /
mixing
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT other
HIMT HIMTcargoes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Loading scheme
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT ensure
HIMTseparation.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgravity:
Specific HIMT HIMTtanks
designed HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
certain HIMT HIMT HIMT
maximum load.HIMT HIMT HIMTto
Loading HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure
correct tanks are chosen, avoiding overstressing.
Filling
HIMT HIMT HIMT ratios:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTExpansion
HIMT HIMT HIMT during laden
HIMT HIMT passage
HIMT HIMT HIMTof cargo
HIMT HIMT may occur.
HIMT HIMT HIMTFilling
HIMT HIMTratio
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT calculated based
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMT
expected
HIMT HIMTmaximum
HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMTduring the passage.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrequirements:
Heating HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT
requiring HIMT HIMT
heating to be HIMT HIMT HIMT
loaded in HIMT
tanksHIMTfitted
HIMT HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
heating arrangements. Adjacent tanks not to be affected by heating.
Venting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT arrangements:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Cargo contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
mixing of cargo
HIMT HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT may
HIMT HIMT HIMToccur.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Vapours
HIMT HIMT HIMT mixHIMT
andHIMTreact causing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT situations in common
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTventing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
systems. Vapours should be segregated. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Gauging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT requirements:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT IMO requirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMTbeHIMTcomplied
HIMT HIMTwith. Cargo
HIMT HIMT requiring
closed gauging should not be loaded in tanks with open gauging.
Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdetection:
HIMT HIMT HIMTMinimum
HIMT HIMT HIMTrequirements
gasHIMT
detection
HIMT HIMTrequired
HIMT HIMTfor theHIMT
HIMT cargo
HIMT to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with.
complied HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT Appliances:
HIMT HIMT Requirements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMTappliances
HIMT HIMT HIMT like
HIMTbreathing apparatus,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprotective
clothing etc. to be complied with.
Pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMT / piping
HIMT HIMT HIMT arrangements:
HIMT HIMT In case
HIMT HIMT common pumps
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT piping system,
loading sequence to ensure no contamination occurs. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Stresses
HIMT HIMT HIMT during
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading/
HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarging:
HIMT HIMT HIMTDe-ballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMT
be planned andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
sequence
HIMT HIMT HIMT to prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTundue
HIMT HIMTstresses during
HIMT HIMT entire
HIMT HIMT HIMToperation.
Type
HIMT HIMT HIMT of inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT available:
HIMT HIMT HIMT Some cargoes
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT contaminated
inert
HIMTgas
HIMT(flue
HIMT gas).
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Sufficient quantity of pure nitrogen to be available.
During
HIMT HIMT HIMT discharging,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTterminal‘s ability
receive more
HIMT HIMT HIMTthan
HIMTone
HIMT grade
HIMT HIMTsimultaneously
toHIMT
checked.
Draft HIMT HIMT
Trim:HIMT
ToHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwithin
be maintained HIMT HIMT
safeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
limits.
Entries in Cargo Record book: Appropriate entries to be made in Cargo record book
after
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTdischarging
HIMT HIMT HIMTof cargo.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel mustHIMT HIMT standing
follow HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
instructions HIMT
at all HIMT HIMT
times HIMT HIMT
whether HIMTthe
or not HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to be loaded is dangerous
Personnel
HIMTorHIMT involved
HIMT HIMTin the
HIMT loading
HIMT HIMT HIMToperation should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT wear appropriate
protective
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMTindicated in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTICS or other
HIMT HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMT Data
HIMT HIMT HIMTSheets,
HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
handling dangerous cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Cargoes are stowed according to a stowage plan that was prepared before loading
Prior
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to loading
HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargoes which
HIMT HIMT HIMTpresent
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
majorHIMTfire
HIMThazard tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT to beHIMT
HIMT purged withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
nitrogen
HIMTremove
HIMT HIMT air
HIMTso HIMTthat the HIMT
HIMT HIMT atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTabove the HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo will HIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
non-HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable. HIMTcargoes
Such HIMT HIMT areHIMTkept
HIMT HIMT
under HIMTa HIMT HIMT HIMT
nitrogen HIMT HIMT
"padding" HIMT HIMT
during theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
voyage
How cargo is routed from the manifold to tanks on a chemical tanker with a pump-
room.
HIMT HIMT HIMTis routed
HIMT fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
manifold
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
tanksHIMTonHIMT
a chemical tanker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith separate
lines
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTeach tank.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTloading
"closed-circuit' HIMT HIMToperation
Cargoes giving off vapours which present a major health hazard are loaded in a
"closed circuit", requiring a vapour- return line

InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT order HIMTtoHIMT
check
HIMTfor
HIMTimpurities, cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsamples are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT taken from
HIMT HIMTlines andHIMT
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMTduring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTVessel's
HIMT HIMTtrim, list and
HIMT HIMT stability
HIMT HIMT mayHIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
adjusted, if necessary,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTduring loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT
byHIMT HIMTor
filling HIMT HIMT HIMTballast
emptying HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks. HIMT HIMT
All events HIMT HIMT
during HIMToperations
areHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
recorded
Procedures and duties for personnel on watch during the loading operation
Need
HIMT HIMT HIMT for compliance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith
HIMT all
HIMTsafety requirements

Safe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT practices in HIMT
HIMTHandling:
Prior
HIMT HIMT HIMT loading,
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT well
HIMTventilated andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT checked for
HIMT HIMT toxic
HIMT vapours
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
inspection. Portable and fixed firefighting equipments to be kept ready.
Cargo HIMTto
hoses HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
checked, HIMT HIMTcable
bonding HIMT HIMT HIMT
to be HIMT HIMTworking
checked, HIMT HIMT pressure
marking
legible. Protective cover placed around hose flanges for toxic/ corrosive cargoes.
Drip
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT pan to HIMT
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
placed
HIMT below
HIMT HIMTflange connections.
HIMT HIMT Communication
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT routine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT regarding flow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrates,
HIMT HIMTemergency stops,
HIMT HIMT HIMT topping
HIMT HIMT offHIMT
HIMT HIMT rates andHIMT
HIMT HIMT general
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
alarms.
Unauthorized personnel to be kept away from cargo hoses.

Vapor
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT release means
be HIMT
unobstructed.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Check
HIMT HIMT PVHIMTvalves areHIMT
HIMT HIMT free
HIMTand
HIMTflame
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
screens
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTclear. Hatch
HIMT HIMT HIMTlids
HIMTtoHIMT
be HIMT
keptHIMTclosed.
Personnel HIMT HIMT
engaged in HIMT
operations HIMT HIMT
to wear HIMT protective
proper HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
clothing.
Always stand with the wind blowing across when ullaging if not closed ullaging.
Pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTroomHIMTfans
HIMT to
HIMTbeHIMT
kept running
HIMT HIMT HIMTduring cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtransfers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Breathing apparatus
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT kept
HIMT ready when
HIMT HIMT HIMThandling
HIMT HIMTtoxic cargoes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrates
Loading HIMT HIMT
to beHIMTmoderate
during first HIMT
phaseHIMTof HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
transfer HIMT HIMTstatic
to prevent HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
charge accumulation. Report to Cargo control room when entering pump rooms
7.3.3 Unloading :
HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo
HIMT HIMT pumps-Main
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo pumps
HIMT HIMT HIMTfitted
HIMT HIMTon HIMT
board chemical
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTmainly of HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTcentrifugal
HIMT HIMT HIMT type.
HIMTThey are HIMT
HIMT HIMT submerged
HIMT HIMT pumps
HIMT HIMTusually
HIMT HIMT integral with
HIMT HIMT HIMThydraulic motors
HIMT HIMT HIMTCentrifugal
pump HIMT HIMT
creates HIMT HIMT
a partial vacuumHIMT HIMT HIMT
at its HIMT
inlet HIMT Pressure
side. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the
above HIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTsurface
HIMT HIMTmoves
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
liquid
HIMTto theHIMT
HIMT impeller
HIMT HIMT HIMTBe
HIMT aware
HIMT HIMTof the
HIMTfact
HIMTthat
HIMTpump cavitation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmay occur.
HIMT HIMT HIMT There areHIMT
HIMT HIMT three main
HIMT HIMT ways of HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTchecking
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT
pumps,HIMT which
are:
HIMT HIMT HIMT-visual
HIMT HIMT inspection
-periodic maintenance
HIMT HIMT HIMT-checking
vibration andHIMT
HIMT HIMT noise
HIMT HIMT HIMTAll
HIMT personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust follow
HIMT HIMT standing instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT at all
HIMT HIMT HIMT times
HIMT HIMTduring unloading,
HIMT HIMT whether
HIMT HIMT HIMTor
HIMTnotHIMT
theHIMT
cargo
HIMTisHIMT
considered dangerous.
Personnel on watch or involved in the unloading operation should wear appropriate
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
indicated inHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
ICS HIMT
CargoHIMTData Sheets,
HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT handling
HIMT HIMT HIMTdangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoes.
Cargoes are unloaded according to a planned sequence of emptying tanks.
HIMT HIMT HIMTPrior to unloading,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMTsamples fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT each tank
HIMT HIMTandHIMTfrom cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTlines
HIMT are
HIMTanalyzed
HIMT HIMT HIMTto
HIMT HIMT if
check HIMT HIMT HIMThas
a product HIMTbeen
contaminated onHIMT HIMT during
board HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
passage.
HIMT HIMT HIMTDuring
HIMT HIMT unloading for high
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressure
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargoes it may
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe necessary
HIMT to assist
HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarging
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTdrainage by pressurizing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTtanks. When
HIMT HIMT HIMTpressurizing
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
tanks HIMT HIMTpressure
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT
mustHIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
carefully HIMT HIMT HIMT
monitored and HIMT HIMT HIMT to
not allowed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exceed the design pressure.
HIMT HIMT HIMTIn
HIMTtanks
HIMTcontaining
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTpresent
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
majorHIMTfire
HIMThazard, inert
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas
HIMTor nitrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTused
to maintain a positive tank pressure during unloading in order to avoid air HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
entering the tank.
HIMT HIMT HIMTAHIMT
vessel‘s
HIMT HIMT trim,
HIMTlist and
HIMT stability
HIMT may
adjusted
HIMT HIMTasHIMT
necessary
HIMT HIMT during
HIMT HIMT unloading by HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTfilling
or emptying HIMT tanks.
ballast HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
All personnel on watch should be adequately trained in use of protective equipment,
and have basic training in the procedures appropriate to their duties under

HIMT HIMT HIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTconditions, cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT handling procedures,
HIMT HIMT HIMT procedure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto deal
HIMT with
HIMT conditions
HIMT HIMT HIMTof leakage,
HIMT HIMT HIMTspillage orHIMT
HIMT HIMT fireHIMT
involving theHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo, and HIMT
HIMT HIMT a sufficient
HIMT HIMTnumber
HIMT HIMTof them
HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMTand
instructed HIMTtrained
essential HIMT
first HIMT
aid forHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carried.
b.HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Planning
HIMT HIMTfor discharge
While
HIMT HIMT HIMT planning
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT discharge the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT following should
HIMT HIMT be taken
HIMT HIMT intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT consideration:
Facilities
HIMT HIMT HIMT available
HIMT HIMT HIMT at HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
receiving
HIMT HIMT terminal. Some
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTterminals mayHIMT
beHIMT
able
HIMT HIMT HIMT
handle a number of cargoes simultaneously. The rate of discharge and the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
sequence
HIMT HIMT planned according
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMTthe
HIMTcapabilities
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMT limitations ofHIMT
receiving
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT terminal. TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT terminal representatives
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmust beHIMT
HIMT consulted.
Pumping
HIMT HIMT HIMT piping arrangement
InHIMT
case of HIMT
HIMT ships which
HIMT do not
HIMT HIMT HIMThave individual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpumps andHIMT
HIMT HIMT pipelines
HIMT HIMTfor each
HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank, care should be taken while planning the discharging sequence to ensure that
there
HIMT HIMT HIMT is no
HIMT of contamination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT
chemical reaction
HIMT HIMT due
HIMT HIMT HIMTto cargoes
HIMT mixing
with each other in the pipelines or pumps.
Stress, HIMT HIMTmoments
bending HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT HIMT HIMT
sheer HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
forces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsequence
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of discharging/ballasting HIMT HIMT
should be soHIMT HIMT HIMT
planed as HIMT HIMT HIMT
to keep HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the stresses,
bending
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmoments andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT sheetHIMTforces within
HIMT HIMT HIMTacceptable
HIMT HIMT HIMTlimits during
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe various
HIMT stages
of discharge. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Trim
HIMT HIMT HIMTCargo
discharge HIMT HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT
planned inHIMT
suchHIMT HIMT HIMT
a way that HIMT
the HIMT
trim HIMT HIMT HIMT
remains HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
within
reasonable limits
HIMT HIMT HIMT7.3.4 Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTGas freeing
HIMT HIMT -Chemical
HIMT HIMT Tankers
TANK WASHING AND SLOP-RETAINING SYSTEMS:
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmixtures of water
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations
tank-washing
HIMTcalled ‗slops‘.
Tanks, which contain this sort of mixture, are called ‗slop tanks‘. Slop tanks should
be placed inside the cargo area. Slops may be stored in slop tanks or in cargo tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as each tank has independent connection to the manifold and overboard system.
TANK
HIMT HIMT HIMT CLEANING
HIMT HIMT SYSTEM
The cleaning system used in any tanker should bear direct relation to the prospective
cargo
HIMT HIMT trade.

AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT vessel carrying
HIMT HIMT only
HIMT HIMT HIMToneHIMTor two
HIMT products
HIMT HIMT HIMT requires only
HIMT HIMT HIMT a simple
HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem
HIMT HIMTbut
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT general-purpose
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT parcel tanker
HIMT HIMT requires
HIMT HIMT a more
HIMT HIMT sophisticated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system, which
incorporates the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
following:
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank
HIMTcleaning pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Tank cleaning heat exchanger
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Tank washing machines; and
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Water distribution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpipeline.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTtank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMT
heat HIMT HIMT HIMT
exchanger andHIMT HIMT HIMT
pump must HIMTbeHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
approximately HIMTsame
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
capacity,
HIMTpump
HIMT HIMTusually having
HIMT HIMT a discharge
HIMT HIMT pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT of 10
HIMT HIMT HIMTbar
HIMTgauge.
HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTwater
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT during
HIMT HIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMToperations should
HIMT HIMT adjustable.
HIMT HIMT HIMTTank washing
machines
HIMT HIMT HIMT eitherHIMTofHIMT
theHIMT
portable
HIMT HIMTtype
HIMTor fixed
HIMT HIMTtype and HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
choice
HIMTwill
HIMTaffect theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
arrangement of the water distribution pipelines. Provision should be made for bothHIMT HIMT HIMT
salt
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTfresh water
HIMT HIMT supplies.
HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT washing solution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmayHIMTalso
HIMT be
HIMTchemically treated
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT suitHIMT
theHIMT
cargo.
Tank washing are pumped up by deep-well pump to slop tank through the various
pipelines
HIMT HIMT HIMT on deck.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ItHIMT
canHIMTbe HIMT
pumped ashore
HIMT HIMT or HIMT
HIMT HIMT into HIMT
barges. Slops
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom different
cargoes
HIMT be
HIMT incompatible
HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT so
HIMTcareful planning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT
required to handle
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe slops.
The 1973 Marine Pollution Convention, Annex II, calls for a slop tank system
incorporating:
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMT HIMTtanks
Slop HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTDischarge lineHIMT
HIMTwater ; and
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTDischarge pump.
One or two slop tanks of reasonable capacity should be fitted on chemical tankers to
store
HIMT HIMT HIMT first HIMT
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
foremost all HIMT
HIMT HIMT slopsHIMTand sediments
HIMT which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThave settled
HIMT HIMT HIMTin tanks
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMT have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
carried
HIMT HIMT HIMTbesides oil. HIMT
HIMT HIMT A discharge lineHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to aHIMT
shore
HIMT connection
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
fitted to these tanks. One or two tanks should be set aside for washing water for useHIMT HIMT HIMT
during tank cleaning.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT line,
HIMThaving
HIMT HIMTone or two
HIMT HIMT HIMT outlets
HIMT HIMTbelow
HIMT HIMTthe water
HIMT line,
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
arranged HIMT HIMT HIMT
to discharge the HIMT HIMT HIMT
effluent HIMT HIMT
collected HIMT HIMT
during tankHIMT HIMT HIMT Annex
washing. HIMT HIMTIIHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requires
rate of discharge and the degree of dilution before discharge to be adjusted to
achieve
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe dilution
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTthe convention
HIMT requires
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
cargoes concerned.
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMTreasons
HIMT HIMT for
HIMTtank
HIMT cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT
are:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTRules andHIMT
HIMT HIMT regulation
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTThe preventionHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contamination ofHIMT
the HIMT
cargoHIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be loaded
 The prevention of contaminated ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTMaintenance
HIMT HIMT HIMTof cargo
HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
washing HIMT HIMT are
machines HIMTused.
Tank washing machines may be fixed or portable.

HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust
HIMTbe
HIMTproperly
HIMT HIMTearthed
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
avoid
HIMTaccumulation of static
HIMT HIMT HIMT electricity.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Electric
HIMT HIMT bonding
of tank HIMT HIMT HIMT
hosesHIMTshould
tested HIMT HIMT HIMT
for electrical HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
continuity
case should the resistance exceed 6 ohms per metre length. Portable tank washing
HIMT HIMT HIMT machines and
HIMT HIMT HIMT hoses.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMT
outer HIMT HIMT
casing of HIMT HIMT HIMT
portable HIMT HIMTshould
machines HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT which
a material, HIMT HIMT
onHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contact
with the internal structure of a cargo tank will not give rise to an incentive spark.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Bonding wires
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
incorporated
HIMT all
HIMTwater hoses.
HIMT HIMT Couplings
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT connected
theHIMThose
HIMTin
HIMTsuch
HIMTa way
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTeffective bonding
HIMT HIMT HIMT is ensured
HIMT HIMT between
HIMT HIMT HIMT them.
The coupling arrangement for the hose should be such that effective bonding can
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMTestablished
HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tankHIMTwashing
HIMT HIMTmachine,
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT hoses
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTthe
HIMTfixed tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cleaning water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsupply line.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Hoses
HIMT HIMTshould
indelibly HIMT HIMT
marked to HIMT
allowHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
identification. HIMT HIMT
A record HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT
keptHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT showing the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT dateHIMT
andHIMTtheHIMT
result
HIMTofHIMT
electrical
HIMT HIMTcontinuity testing.
Washing machines should be electrically bonded to
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the water
HIMT hose by means
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT water supply
HIMT HIMT hose.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tank cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
a potentially hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperation requiring
HIMT HIMT HIMT rigorous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprecautions
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMTobserved.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
operations HIMT
beHIMT HIMT out
carried HIMTas
HIMT HIMT
per theHIMT
P HIMT
& A HIMT
manualHIMT HIMT HIMT
of the HIMTA
ship. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
responsible
officer to supervise all operations.Operations to be conducted safely viewing
HIMT HIMT HIMT properties ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTlast
HIMTcarried.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Proper
HIMT HIMTplanning
HIMT HIMT prior conducting
HIMT HIMT TankHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT HIMT
totalHIMT HIMTthrough
water HIMT HIMTput
HIMTper
HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTtankHIMT
beHIMT
keptHIMT
asHIMT
lowHIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMTand
practicable HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT3HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in no case exceed 180m / hr.

HIMT HIMT HIMT Personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT involved
HIMT HIMTin tank-cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT may
HIMT be
HIMTexposed
HIMT HIMT to
HIMTcargo vapours
HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT
necessary
HIMT HIMTuse
HIMTequipment
personal protection.
Different cargoes require different tank-cleaning procedures.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT mayHIMTbe
HIMTdone withHIMT
HIMT HIMT hot
HIMTorHIMT
cold
HIMTseawater or HIMT
fresh
HIMT water,
HIMT HIMTor byHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ventilation
HIMT HIMT HIMT only.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cannot be HIMT
usedHIMT
forHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaning HIMT HIMT
before HIMT HIMT
or after some HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes.
In some cases, detergents are added to the washing water. In some cases,
HIMT HIMT HIMT solvents are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT usedHIMT
forHIMT
tankHIMT
cleaning.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The phases
HIMT HIMT HIMT in a HIMT
HIMT tank-cleaning operation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPre
HIMTwash
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMain wash
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFresh
HIMT HIMT HIMTrinse
water HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTGas-freeing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDrying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTInspection/testing
The
HIMT HIMTof gas-feeing
HIMT is to
HIMT HIMT HIMT replace
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT vapours, inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMT orHIMT
HIMT anyHIMT
other
HIMTgases
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTair.
Gas-freeing may be done by fixed or portable fans driven by air, steam, water or
hydraulic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fluid.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTgas-freeing
operation HIMT HIMT
is verified byHIMT HIMT HIMT
regular HIMT of
checks HIMTtheHIMT HIMT
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank atmosphere
HIMT HIMT is checked
HIMT HIMT HIMT by measuring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the percentage
oxygen andHIMT
ppm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvalues
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
cargo
HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMTor of HIMT
HIMT toxicHIMT
constituents of inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
AHIMT
HIMTtank is gas-free
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT only when
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT oxygen
HIMT HIMT content
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
21% byHIMT
HIMT volume
HIMT HIMTand noHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapours and toxic constituents of inert gas can be measured in values above theHIMT HIMT HIMT
threshold
HIMT HIMT HIMT limitHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT value
Tanks
HIMT HIMT Chemical
HIMT HIMTTankers
HIMT HIMT may be HIMT
HIMT HIMT constructed or coated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith various
HIMT HIMT different
types of materials and it is important to check with the P&A manual and the Paint HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Manufacturers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Coating
HIMT HIMT Resistance list HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT prior
HIMTto
HIMTcommencing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTank Cleaning
Operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
order toHIMT
HIMT ascertain
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtank
HIMT coating
HIMT HIMTmaterials
any limitations
HIMT withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
regards
temperature,
HIMT HIMT HIMTuse
HIMTof cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMTchemicals etcHIMT
HIMT may be HIMT
HIMT HIMT applicable
the vessel
One
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmust take
HIMT HIMT into
HIMT consideration
HIMT nature
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
theHIMT
previous
HIMT HIMT cargo andHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
cargo
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT loaded,
HIMT HIMTtime factor,
HIMT available
HIMT HIMT equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
cleaning chemicals
HIMT HIMT etc. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
It HIMT HIMT HIMT
is stated theHIMT HIMT HIMTdegree
necessary HIMT HIMTof
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleanliness for HIMT HIMT HIMT
a number ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
products, inHIMT
lineHIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
what cargo surveyors normally require.
Generally
HIMT HIMT HIMT speaking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTone should
HIMT HIMT HIMT use mechanical
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMT HIMT methods,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
usually washing with water, before applying more expensive methods HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

SLOPS
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAND
HIMT SLOPS
HIMT HIMT DISPOSAL:
Slops areHIMT HIMT HIMT
defined as HIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
washing or HIMT
anyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmixtures
residue/water HIMT HIMT HIMT
fromHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump-room
bilges, engine-room bilges or slop tanks.
Modern
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical tankers
HIMT HIMT fittedHIMT
with tanks
HIMT for the
HIMT HIMT HIMTstorage
HIMT HIMTof slops.
HIMT Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
may also be used to contain slops. In general, the discharge of slops into sea isHIMT HIMT HIMT
prohibited unless certain conditions are satisfied. Slops have to be disposed of in
accordance
HIMT HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMARPOL Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT I or Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIIHIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMTcriteria.
HIMT HIMTSlops from
HIMT HIMT certain
noxious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemicals have
HIMT be discharged
HIMT HIMT HIMTto shore
HIMT HIMTfacilities.
All slop-handling operations on chemical tankers are recorded in the Cargo Record
Book.
TANK HIMT HIMT HIMT
CLEANING INHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
CHEMICAL HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
TANKERS
Tanks HIMTbe
must HIMTcleaned
HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMT HIMT
timeHIMTto HIMT
time HIMT
forHIMT HIMT HIMT
various HIMT HIMTOne
reasons. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reason is toHIMT HIMT HIMT
change
HIMTtype of product
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMT HIMT inside
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
tank.
HIMT Also, when
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT are
HIMT HIMTto
HIMT HIMT HIMT
inspected or maintenance must be performed within a tank, it must be not onlyHIMT HIMT HIMT
cleaned,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbut
HIMTmade "gas-free."
HIMT HIMT HIMTTanks that
HIMT HIMT carry
HIMT lessHIMT
HIMT HIMT viscous cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMT
washed
HIMT HIMTwith
HIMTwater. Fixed
HIMT HIMT and HIMT
HIMT HIMT portable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
automated tank cleaning machines, which clean tanks with high-pressure waterHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT jets,HIMT HIMT HIMT
are widely used. Some systems use rotating high-pressure water jets to spray hot
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT on all
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT internal
HIMT surfaces
HIMT tank.
HIMTAs
HIMTthe spraying
HIMT HIMT HIMTtakes place,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMTliquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
isHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT pumped outHIMT
HIMT HIMT of the
HIMTtank.
After a tank is cleaned, it may be gas-freed This involves blowing fresh air into the
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto force
HIMT HIMTaccumulated gasses
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT out. HIMT
HIMT HIMT Specially trained
HIMT HIMT personnel
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTtank's
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToften using
HIMT HIMT HIMThand-held gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT indicators
HIMT HIMT which measure
HIMTpercentage
hydrocarbons HIMT HIMT
present. WhenHIMTthis
HIMT percentage
HIMT HIMT HIMTdrops
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
below HIMT specified
a value HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in tank-
vessel regulations, the tank is declared to be gas-free.
After
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a tank
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
gas-free, it HIMT
HIMT HIMT mayHIMTbe HIMT
further
HIMThand-cleaned in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a manual process
HIMT HIMT known
HIMT HIMT HIMT
asHIMT HIMT HIMTMucking
mucking. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
requires HIMT HIMTfor
protocols HIMTentry
HIMT HIMT
intoHIMT HIMT HIMT
confined HIMT HIMTprotective
spaces, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
clothing, designated safety observers, and possibly the use of airline respirators.

1)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Pre-cleaning
 HIMT
Chloride HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Contamination andHIMT
the HIMT
useHIMTof DI HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
water
 Dry/Semi-Dry/Veg and their tank cleaning needs with Cold water (20 C),
Warm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater
HIMT HIMT – 50
(40HIMT C),HIMT
HIMT HotHIMT
water HIMT–HIMT
HIMT(60 80 HIMT
C) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Check tank cleaning guide and plan tank cleaning
 Check machine to ensure that the jet should hit all the bulkheads.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Shadow sector
HIMT HIMT cleaning
 Make table for blindHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sectors/Shadow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sectors forHIMT
HIMT HIMT tank cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMTmachines andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
check (them) these sectors after cleaning. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
study cargo
HIMT specification.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Manual Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning
HIMT HIMT (with
HIMT HIMTsmaller diaHIMT
HIMT HIMT hose)
HIMT(strokes) should
HIMTdone withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
vertical strokes (vertically) for better removal of residues in shadow sectors. HIMT HIMT HIMT
2)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Detergent
HIMT HIMT cleaning
 HIMT
have HIMT HIMT HIMT
good HIMT HIMTof
knowledge HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
detergent. HIMT HIMT HIMT
Alkaline/Non HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Alkaline/Caustic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Based
etc
 Whenever
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fatty acids
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTpresent
HIMT HIMTinHIMTproducts
HIMT HIMTlike
HIMTvegHIMToil and
HIMT HIMTanimal oilHIMT
HIMT HIMT useHIMT HIMT HIMT
alkaline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT detergents.
 For mineralHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT TEEPOL
oil use HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
detergents.
 HIMT
dissolving
HIMT HIMT in water
HIMT there
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTthree steps,30
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTminsHIMTfor
HIMTeach steps
HIMT HIMT ieHIMT
HIMT twoHIMT HIMT HIMT
cycle
HIMT 15 HIMT
minsHIMTeach totaling
HIMT HIMT HIMT 90HIMT
minsHIMT ofHIMT
water
HIMTwash of each
HIMT HIMT tank.
 HIMT
Calculations forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
detergent HIMT HIMT
cleaning, HIMT HIMT HIMT
availability of HIMT HIMT HIMT
machines HIMTtotal
and HIMT HIMT
timeHIMT HIMT HIMT
available for the no of tanks have to be calculated for planning.
 After
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT detergent
HIMT cleaning,
HIMT HIMT HIMT feelHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
tank with
HIMT your
HIMT HIMThand.
 For detergent application and spraying manually
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdo HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
horizontal HIMT HIMT
strokes andHIMT HIMT HIMT
give one cycle water wash again.
 3 methods
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMTDetergent Cleaning
HIMT: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1) Direct spray with water: To manually spray
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin theHIMT
HIMT tank.
HIMTThis
HIMT can
HIMT be
HIMTdone by aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
Pneumatic Drum Pump.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2) Injection: To introduce the detergent in the tank cleaning line by venturi
method.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT This
HIMT HIMT HIMTcan
HIMTalso be achieved
HIMT HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT connecting
HIMT HIMTaHIMT drum
HIMTpump onHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
line.HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT amount
HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT detergent
HIMT HIMT carefully controlled.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIn
Recirculation: HIMT HIMT
this HIMT HIMTwe
method, HIMTfill
HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMTsolution
required HIMT HIMT of
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Detergent andHIMT HIMT HIMT
water in one tank and re-circulate the solution by using an Octopus and tank
cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmachines.
 IfHIMT
capacity ofHIMT
tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
is 100 metricHIMTtones
HIMT HIMT
put HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpercentage
recommended HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
detergents. ie if 1% recommended than 1000 Ltrs of Detergent.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT However, weHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT onlyHIMT
need
HIMTto putHIMT
HIMT enough solution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto ensure
HIMT HIMTthat
HIMTthe
HIMTpump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is notHIMT
HIMT running dryHIMT
HIMT HIMT during
HIMT re-circulation.
 Do
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMTadd
HIMTexcess
HIMT HIMTdetergent, follow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmaker‘s specification.
 Regulate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Solubility
HIMT HIMTdepends on temperature.
4)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Flushing with
HIMT HIMT Fresh
HIMT water.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GiveHIMT
oneHIMT HIMT HIMT
cycle, HIMT HIMTposition
preferably HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMTin
machine HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
middle HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
drop.
 If done manually, spray for 20mins includes full tank sides and tank bottoms.
 Remove all salt deposits.

5)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Steaming
 Prevent direct heat damage to tank coating by using a steam lancer,
connected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT butterworth
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT port.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Check
HIMT maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT permissible
HIMT HIMT HIMT heatHIMTforHIMT
e.g. more
HIMT HIMTthan 80 degrees
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT damages
stainless steel.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Steaming
HIMT HIMTcanHIMTbeHIMTused
HIMTfor
HIMT odour removal
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT also forHIMT
HIMT removing
HIMT HIMTchlorides, if HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
insufficient
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT FW HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT rinsing
HIMThas
HIMTbeen done.
 HIMT
Ideal HIMT HIMT
temps for HIMT HIMT HIMT
steaming areHIMT50 HIMT
to 60 HIMTC HIMT HIMT HIMT
(Chloride HIMT HIMT
removal) HIMTfor
odour
removal 75 degree C.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 2-3HIMT
hrsHIMT
steaming
HIMT HIMT is HIMT
sufficient.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT During steaming,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
carefully monitored.
HIMT HIMT In case
HIMTany
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
increase in temp, Tank domes or butterworth ports can be kept open to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the temp.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Frequent
HIMT HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT tankHIMTis HIMT
veryHIMTimportant
HIMT HIMT during steaming.
6) DRAINING
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Discharge
HIMT HIMTof drain
HIMT HIMTwater intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT tank every
HIMT 40 mins.
 HIMT
Remove HIMTwater.
drain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Drain
HIMTall pipe
HIMT HIMTlines
HIMTcheck
HIMT HIMTdrain
HIMTlines, flush
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTsteam.

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTafter
Carry bucket for draining to avoid cleaning of decks draining.
7)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT DRYING.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If after
HIMT steaming,
HIMT HIMT HIMT steam remains
HIMT HIMT inside
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTtank
HIMTventilate the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT tank.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Start gas freeing immediately.
8)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Mopping
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSpace
‗Enclosed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Entry‘ HIMT HIMT to
procedures HIMTbeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
followed.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT If aHIMT
proper
HIMT stripping
HIMT HIMT HIMTis done using
HIMT HIMT air,HIMT
HIMT there
HIMTshould
HIMT HIMTnot beHIMT
HIMT moreHIMTthan
HIMT30-40
HIMT HIMTltrsHIMT HIMT HIMT
of water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT remaining
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in theHIMT
HIMT tank.
HIMTInHIMT
factHIMT
if there is too
HIMT HIMT HIMTmuch water
the HIMT
tank,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT
wearHIMT HIMTshould
rings HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT
checked forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
leaks.
 Try avoiding use of Wilden Pump. However, if required, cover the supporting
legs
HIMT the Wilden
HIMT HIMTPump with
HIMT HIMT HIMTrubber or rags
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTany scratches
HIMT on the
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT bottom.
 Any crew member entering a cargo tank for mopping must also conduct a
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inspection.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Detailed procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT for HIMT
tankHIMT
inspection
HIMT HIMTare
HIMTmentioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT later.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
9)HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Chemical
HIMT HIMTCleaning
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT FishHIMT HIMT
Oil: HIMT clean
If you HIMT HIMTwithHIMThotHIMT HIMT HIMT
water, HIMT
oil will HIMT
dry onHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bulkheads.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Depending on dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil or HIMT
HIMT semidry oil temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of the
HIMT wash
HIMT HIMTwater is to
HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
maintained.
 Always refer tank-cleaning Guide for main wash using hot or cold water.

 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Nozzles forHIMT
HIMT HIMT application
HIMT HIMT ofHIMTchemicals during
HIMT cleaning are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to be of HIMT
HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
spray
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(slit)
HIMT type andHIMT
HIMT HIMT not HIMT
jet (round)
HIMT HIMTnozzles.
 For Toxic cargoes, when direct spray is not possible injection to be done.
 HIMT
direct
HIMTinjection
HIMT HIMTfollow
HIMT HIMTinstructions
 HIMT
sensitive
HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMT testing is required.
 Do the hydrocarbon test after rinsing stage of tank cleaning and if
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis HIMT
moreHIMT than
HIMT 150
HIMTppm
HIMTmore detergent
required,
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT After Hydro
HIMT Carbon
HIMT HIMT testHIMT
HIMT HIMT is cleared
HIMT HIMTcheck PPT
HIMT HIMT time
HIMT test,
HIMT HIMTifHIMT
lessHIMT
than 50HIMT
HIMT mins
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
color HIMT HIMT
change HIMTcleaning
than HIMT HIMT required
again.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT After steaming
HIMT HIMT HIMT chloride content
HIMT HIMTbe less
HIMT than
HIMT HIMT5PPM.
 2 Drums (200 ltrs) of DI water spray should be enough
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT forHIMT
this.
 now spray methanol to prepare the tank for loading for reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchlorides
HIMT HIMT HIMT
to HIMT HIMT HIMT
reduce less than 0.5 ppm in tanks.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Gloves: when
HIMT HIMT HIMTtaking samples,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hydrocarbon/chloride
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from gloves
HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
contaminate the sample. Ensure that good quality, colourlessHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gloves
HIMTare
HIMTused
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
during sampling.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Pitting: If samples
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMTdrawn from
HIMT HIMT areas
HIMT of pittings,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTHCHIMTtest
HIMTmay
HIMTfail.
HIMTTake
samples
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom
HIMTsmooth
HIMT HIMT tank
HIMTareas.
 HIMT
Pittings HIMT be
should HIMTimmediately
HIMT HIMT HIMTdealt
HIMT HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
by local HIMT HIMT
pickling andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
passivation. In HIMT HIMT HIMT
case of pinholes, we will need to fill up the pinholes by welding. We should
always
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT use HIMT
HIMT HIMT MOHIMT309HIMTgrade
HIMTstainless steelHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT anodes for HIMT
HIMT HIMT SS tanks 316L.
HIMT HIMT HIMT After
welding,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT noHIMT
HIMT HIMT grinding should
HIMT HIMT be done.
HIMT HIMT Only
HIMT HIMT HIMTlocal
HIMTpassivation
required.
 HIMT
Shadow HIMT HIMT
sectors HIMT HIMT
or Blind HIMT HIMT
sectors: HIMT HIMT
These areasHIMT HIMThave
may HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
residues of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT
cleaning notHIMT
HIMT HIMT doneHIMTproperly,
HIMT HIMTspray detergent/Methanol
HIMT HIMT in these
areas.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT C/OHIMT
to HIMT
inspectHIMTand
HIMT check
HIMT HIMT HIMTcondition
tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTevery
before HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
loading andHIMT HIMTany
report HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
abnormality. Master (along with C/O) to also check tank condition every three
months
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT make HIMTtank
HIMT condition report.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WWT HIMThas
HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT done HIMTbyHIMT
C/OHIMT(both
HIMTcollection of samples
HIMT HIMT HIMT performing
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tests).

8.1 Emergency procedures including Emergency Shut Down
Planning HIMT preparation
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTessential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuccessfully
for dealing HIMT HIMT HIMT with
emergencies
and the information which should be readily available as:
1.type
HIMT HIMT HIMT of cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand itsHIMT
HIMT disposition
2.location
HIMT HIMT HIMT of other
HIMT HIMT HIMT hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsubstances
HIMT HIMT HIMTgeneral
HIMT HIMTarrangement
HIMT HIMT HIMT plan of the
HIMT HIMT ship
HIMT HIMT3.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3.stability HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
information
4.location
HIMT HIMT HIMT of fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT instructions for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT its use
In an emergency, important actions to take would include:
1.giving
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT audible
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTvisual warnings
HIMT HIMT that
emergency exists
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby means
HIMT of: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
—
bells, whistles, klaxons or other audible devices HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT flashing lights
2.advising
HIMT HIMT HIMT command
HIMT HIMTcentre of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTlocation
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT nature
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
emergency
3.promptly
HIMT HIMT HIMT activating
HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT Shutdown Device
HIMT HIMT HIMT (ESD)
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTstopping
HIMT HIMT any
HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo-related operations, closing valves and openings in tanks as initiated byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ESD
4.ensuring
HIMT HIMT HIMT any craft
HIMT HIMTalongside are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT removed
Personnel HIMTvicinity
in the HIMT HIMTofHIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMTshould
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMTappropriate
take HIMT HIMT HIMTaction
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
to try HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
control
HIMT HIMT incident until
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTteam can
HIMT take
HIMT HIMTover
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT crew
HIMTmembers should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTknow theHIMT
HIMT HIMT location of all
HIMT HIMT safety
HIMT equipment,
HIMT HIMT suchHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT as;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.breathing HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
apparatus
2.protective clothing
3.approved
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTportable
HIMT HIMTelectric lights
4.instruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT for measuring
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToxygen and
HIMT HIMT HIMTother
HIMT gases
5.first-aid kits tank-evacuation equipment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
6.fire-fighting equipment with instructions for its use
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT equipment which
HIMTbe
HIMTneeded inHIMT
HIMT HIMT an emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTmust be maintained
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT goodHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
order and always be ready for use -important items :HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
— fire-fighting equipment
— breathing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTapparatus
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT protective
HIMT HIMTclothing
—HIMT HIMT
alarm HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
---- communication systems
— arrangement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTplans
Plan
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
HIMTdealing
HIMT HIMT with
HIMTan outbreak
fireHIMT
or an explosion
HIMT must
HIMT prepared and
HIMT HIMT HIMTallHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT members
crew HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
briefed HIMT
on its HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation

EMERGENCY
HIMT HIMT HIMT OPERATIONS:
8.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT Organization
HIMT HIMT HIMT
An emergencyHIMT
organization HIMT HIMT
should HIMTup
be set HIMT HIMT HIMT
which will HIMT
come HIMT HIMT
into HIMT HIMT HIMT
operation HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
in the
event of an emergency. The purpose of this organization will be in each situation to:
1.Raise
HIMT HIMT alarm
HIMTand
HIMT muster
HIMT HIMTat designated
HIMT station
2.Locate
HIMTassess the
HIMT HIMT incident
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTpossible
HIMT HIMTdangers
3.Organize HIMT HIMT and
manpower HIMT HIMT HIMT
safety HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment
 HIMT
dealHIMT
withHIMT
anyHIMT
emergency requires
HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT organization
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Basic
HIMTstructure an organization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconsists of four
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTteams or HIMT
HIMT HIMT parties
 Emergency command center
 Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTparty
 Back-up emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTparty
 Engineers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgroup or technical
HIMT HIMT teamHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMT HIMT
Central HIMTcalled
group HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMTteam
command HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Master is the
HIMT HIMT head
HIMT HIMTof Command
HIMT Center
 Contact should be maintained all
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
time with
 Emergency Party (ies)
 Engineers Group (s) HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Using
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTportable
HIMT HIMTradio
HIMT or telephone
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Emergency Party:
 The team no.1, first to arrive on the scene
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It reports
HIMT HIMTonHIMT
theHIMT
situation of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
 what
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT action
HIMT HIMT HIMTis to be
HIMT HIMTtaken
 what
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT is
assistance HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
required.
 This group is headed by Chief Officer
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT It may
HIMTcomprise of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsenior deck
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTengine room
HIMT HIMT ratings,
HIMT HIMT HIMT also other
selected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ratings
HIMT HIMT as available
Back Up Emergency Party:
 HIMT
Back
HIMTUp Emergency
HIMT Party
HIMT HIMTbe stand-by
 Assist the Emergency Party as instructed by HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT
Command HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Centre.
 It is under command of an officer
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Comprise
HIMT HIMTselected
HIMT HIMT ratings
HIMT HIMTas available
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT They should
HIMT lower
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTLife-boat to Embarkation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLevel andHIMT
HIMT HIMT report
HIMT to Command
Centre HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 They are now at Standing by for assistance
Engineers
HIMT HIMT HIMT Group:
 This group should be under Chief Engineer
 Provide Emergency Engineering Assistance as requested by the Command
Centre.

 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Its HIMT
prime responsibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis to deal
HIMT withHIMT
HIMT HIMT anyHIMT
Emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTin the
HIMTMain Machinery
spaces
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe
It may HIMT HIMT HIMT
called on HIMT HIMT HIMT
to provide HIMT HIMT HIMT
additional HIMT HIMTifHIMT
manpower HIMT HIMT HIMTdictate
circumstances HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 All Personnel on board to know their place in the Emergency Organization
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Duties
HIMT in case
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT Procedure
HIMT HIMT HIMTis being
HIMT HIMTinitiated
8.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT ALARMS:
 The fire alarm signals or general alarm signals are given in case of :
 Fire
 Collision
 Grounding
 Man overboard
 Hose
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT burst
 Major
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMT HIMTor HIMT
vapour
HIMTspillage
 Other emergency situation which call forHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT action
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
other
HIMTalarm signals
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT given in HIMT
HIMT caseHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 High
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration
toxic orHIMT
HIMT inflammable gasHIMT
 aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT CO2HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge HIMT HIMT HIMT or
in engine-room HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pump-rooms
 -a high level of oxygen in inert gas
 -high
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT level
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT oil residues in overboard
 Unacceptable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT conditions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in cargo
cargoHIMTsystems
 System
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfailure
HIMT HIMTin HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT and
plant HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
auxiliary cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
systems
 System failure in engine room or machinery spaces
 The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ship‘s
HIMT HIMT muster
HIMT HIMT HIMTlistHIMT
andHIMT
emergency instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT specify
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdetails ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTalarm
HIMT HIMTsignals and duties of each crew member.
 Each crew member to familiarize with the above within 24 hours of his HIMT HIMT HIMT
joining the vessel.
 All
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT personnel
HIMT on board
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould be HIMT
HIMT HIMT ableHIMT
to identify
HIMT HIMTtheHIMTdifferent
HIMT HIMTalarm
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsignals.
 All
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT members
crew HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMTwith
be familiar HIMT the
HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTPlan HIMT HIMT
and HIMT
act HIMT HIMT HIMT
according to the Plan when the alarm is raised.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AnyHIMT
person whoHIMT
HIMT HIMT discovers
HIMT HIMTan Emergency
 raise
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT alarm
HIMT and
 pass
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTas
on information HIMT HIMT HIMT
quickly as HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
possible.
 HIMT
master should
HIMT HIMT HIMT inform
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTstress on HIMT
HIMT HIMT all personnel
thisHIMT
is the
HIMTprime
responsibility
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
whoever
HIMT HIMTis first
HIMT on
HIMTthe
HIMTscene.
 HIMT
nature of the
HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should be reported
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT command
HIMT HIMT HIMTcenter
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMTwill
which HIMTimplement
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT plan;
action HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT while this
HIMT isHIMT
HIMT being
HIMTdone, those
HIMT HIMT HIMTon theHIMT
HIMT scene
HIMT can attempt
HIMT HIMT HIMT ―First
HIMT HIMTAid‖ measures
to control the Emergency.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT WhenHIMTthe
HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT Party arrives
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
fullHIMT
report
HIMTshould
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
made HIMTand
HIMTthose on HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
the scene should report to their emergency stations. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT

8.4
HIMT HIMT HIMT EMERGENCY
HIMT PROCEDURES:
Ship's HIMT HIMT
muster HIMT emergency
list and HIMT HIMT HIMTinstructions
HIMT HIMT HIMTspecify
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
action to beHIMT HIMT HIMT
taken HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
by each
crew member and officer in case of an emergency
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe familiar
HIMT with
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT emergency instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT act HIMT
according
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT instructions
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen
HIMT the
HIMTalarm is raised
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety
Vessel's HIMT HIMT HIMT
plan HIMT
and HIMT
fire HIMT HIMT
control planHIMT HIMT HIMT
specify HIMT HIMT
details andHIMT HIMT HIMT
location HIMT
of all HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment
for emergency use
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMTknow the HIMT
HIMT HIMT location of emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment andHIMT
familiar
HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
itsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT useHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
It HIMT HIMT HIMT that
is essential HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
personnel areHIMT HIMT HIMT
properly HIMT HIMT
trained forHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
operations
All equipment which may be used in an emergency must be maintained in good
order
HIMT HIMT be ready
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
useHIMT at all times
Correct
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTemergency
accidents involving
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdangerous
HIMT HIMTare given
in the ICS or other cargo data sheets HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Fire
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OnHIMT
detecting
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTobserving a fire,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMT following
HIMT HIMT HIMTactions
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
be HIMT
takenHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediately.
Shout
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT―fire, fire,HIMT
HIMT HIMT fire‖HIMT
& raise fire HIMT
HIMT HIMT alarm.
 If the fire is small then try and extinguish
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT withHIMT
portable extinguisher
 If not, close the compartment‘s ventilation portholes etc HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT HIMTship‘s
Await HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT team
firefighting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthen
to relieve, HIMT HIMT
go to HIMT HIMT
your HIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
station;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT In port, inform
HIMT HIMT HIMTfire
HIMTbrigade
HIMT HIMT / port authorities.
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT GOOD ORGANIZATION
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ANDHIMTSPEED
HIMT HIMTIS ESSENTIAL
Collision :
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT OnHIMT
collision
 Raise
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalarm;
 Head
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdone,
count HIMT HIMT
all HIMT
crewHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accounted for, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Are all watertight and auto fire doors shut;
 Damage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT assessment
HIMT HIMT HIMT including
HIMT HIMT HIMT possibility
HIMT HIMT of gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT leakage;
 Issuing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprotective
HIMT HIMT HIMT clothing andHIMT
HIMT HIMT gas masks
HIMT if necessary;
 Damage
assessment HIMT HIMT HIMT
for possibility of HIMT
fire HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
implementing HIMTfire
initial HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fighting;

HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Informing
HIMT HIMT HIMTChiefHIMTEngineer to have
HIMT HIMT HIMT IG Plant
HIMT HIMT ready;
 Have
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water
HIMT HIMT HIMTon deck
HIMT HIMTSt.-by and
HIMT HIMT allHIMT
HIMT water
HIMTsprays
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
be brought
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTplay
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ifHIMT HIMT
necessary HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Alerting all departments of danger;
 Stop
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water
HIMT HIMT HIMT ingress,
HIMT HIMTSound allHIMT
HIMT HIMT tanks etc;
 Are
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvessel
HIMT HIMT pumps,
HIMT HIMTgenerators andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT auxiliary
HIMT HIMT machinery operational;
 Have measure been taken to avoid progressive flooding; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 All lifeboats lowered to embarkation deck;
 Launching
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT boats for survivors;
 Mounting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlargeHIMTscale fire-fighting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT attack if HIMT
HIMT HIMT necessary;
 Assessing
hull HIMT HIMT
damage HIMTstability;
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Inspect void spaces for any leakage of gas;
 Assessing effect on cargo system;
 Inform the company as per contingency plan;

 When
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in HIMT
controlled waterways,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinform localHIMT
HIMT HIMT authority;
 Any
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT otherHIMT
HIMT HIMT necessary action.
Grounding : The following actions are considered ;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Raise alarm;
 Damage assessment to be done;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Tanks andHIMT
HIMT HIMT bilges
HIMTsounded
HIMT HIMT ;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Steering checked; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Ask Chief Engineer if everything is satisfactory with Main Engine ;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Where possible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtankHIMT/ void space
HIMT HIMT HIMTaround tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMTany
HIMTleakage
HIMT HIMTof gas
HIMT ; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
 Close all watertight doors and fire doors ;
 Check for oil pollution possibility ;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT AreHIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTlight / shapes
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeing displaced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Stop water ingress if any ;
 Have measures been taken to avoid progressive flooding ;
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT AllHIMT
life HIMT
boatsHIMTlowered
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
embarkation deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HasHIMT effect of damage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon the
HIMT vessel‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMTstability
HIMT HIMTand stress
HIMT been
HIMT HIMT checked;
 Has effect of redistribution of weights on the vessel‘s stability and stress been
checked
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HasHIMT company
HIMT HIMT been informed
HIMT HIMT ; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
 Has Coast Guard of the waterways
been HIMT HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
informed
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Arrange
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
divers
HIMT ;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT NoHIMTevidence
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
be HIMT
erased HIMTor corrected
HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTWorking
HIMT HIMT chart,
log books deck, engine, radio movement HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maneuvering HIMT HIMT
books, andHIMT HIMT HIMT
engine, Course recorder, echo sounder etc;
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTHave following
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdetails beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT noted
HIMT :HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a) Vessel‘s
HIMT HIMT position
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTat HIMT
the time of accident;
HIMT HIMT HIMT b)
HIMT HIMT
Exact time of collision and clocksHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
synchronized
c) Any alteration of course and speed prior to collision ;
HIMT HIMT HIMT d) All HIMT
HIMT HIMT crewHIMT members
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhoHIMT
were
HIMTonHIMTthe
HIMTbridge
HIMT HIMTandHIMTwitnessed theHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT incident
record
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT their account
HIMT HIMT prior
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT andHIMT
afterHIMT
theHIMT
collision;
HIMT HIMT HIMT e) All HIMT
HIMT HIMT records and HIMT
HIMT HIMT statement
HIMT HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT addressed
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT ―Owners
HIMT HIMT HIMTSolicitor‘s‖
HIMT HIMT HIMTand beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
retained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
Master;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
f) Assessing effect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
cargo system
HIMT HIMT HIMT g) Any other necessary action;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Bursting
HIMT HIMT HIMT of Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Hose : This
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
HIMT likely toHIMT
HIMT result
HIMTfrom
HIMT the
HIMT effects
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
pressure
HIMT HIMTsurge,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
excessive ship movement or defective hoses. This is likely to cause Spillage. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfollowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT action should
HIMT HIMT be taken
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTAllHIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMTshould
operations HIMT HIMTbe
HIMT HIMT HIMTall
stopped, HIMT HIMT HIMT
valves in HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
liquid HIMTshould
line HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
closed both on the ship and shore as necessary ;
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTThe
HIMTalarm should
HIMT HIMT HIMT be
HIMTgiven ; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
 All accommodation access doors should be shut and all ventilation (except
closed circuit system) shut down ;

HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTEverywhere
HIMT HIMT HIMTSmoking should
HIMTprohibited on HIMT
ship, and
HIMT electrical
HIMT switches
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTused
HIMT as
HIMTlittle
HIMTas HIMTpossible
HIMT HIMT; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
 Appropriate fire-fighting equipment and breathing apparatus should be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTassembled
immediate useHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ; the
HIMTemergency parties
HIMT HIMT wear
HIMT HIMT HIMTbreathing
apparatus and protective clothing;
HIMT HIMT HIMTHIMTIf HIMT
liquid spillage
HIMT HIMT HIMT occurs, fire
HIMT HIMT hoses
HIMT or water
HIMT HIMT spray‘s
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT HIMT be HIMT
HIMT HIMT played
HIMTalong theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
deck to disperse the Liquid overboard and to maintain steel temperatures so that
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbrittle fracture
HIMT HIMT is avoided;
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT water sprays
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMT hoses
HIMT canHIMT
HIMT HIMT alsoHIMT
be HIMT
used to HIMT
HIMT deflect
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMTcloud.
Accident involving Personnel :
If HIMT
HIMT HIMTareHIMTaffected
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTorHIMT
come
HIMTinto
HIMT contact
HIMT HIMT with cargo,
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTemergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTaction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
indicated in the material data sheet for that cargo be taken. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
HIMT HIMTareHIMTovercome in HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT an enclosed space
HIMTman standing
HIMT HIMT by HIMT
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT raise
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT alarm
HIMT and
HIMT HIMT HIMTassemble the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT rescue team.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT agreed rescue
HIMT HIMT plan
HIMT HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
implemented HIMT the
HIMTresponsible
informed.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT company
HIMT HIMTsafety
HIMT HIMTprocedures for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT entering tanks
HIMT HIMT should
HIMT beHIMT
HIMT HIMT applied in full.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
TheHIMTcorrect
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT
accidents HIMT HIMT dangerous
involving HIMT HIMT HIMTchemicals
HIMT HIMT HIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
given
HIMT HIMT ICS
HIMT HIMT Cargo Data
HIMT HIMT Sheets.

9.1 Effects of oil and chemical pollution on human and
marine life
InHIMT
case of HIMT
HIMT oil or NLS
HIMT HIMTspill,
HIMT the
HIMTfirst
HIMT living receptors
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhoHIMT may come
contact withHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
the spill are the marine life, including the various fish species.
Negative
HIMToil,
HIMT chemical andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT noxious
HIMT HIMT liquids on HIMT
HIMT HIMT marine –Fisherman,
life HIMT
Power
HIMT HIMT HIMT Plants
HIMT HIMT , Desalination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPlants
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis
Problem HIMT
moreHIMT for
HIMTthe
HIMThigher
organisms on HIMT
the HIMT
foodHIMT
chainHIMT(who
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTother
consumes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
smaller organisms) and may seriously affect birds and marine mammals, as well as
bigger
HIMT HIMT HIMT fishHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMThuman life HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
9.2HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Shipboard HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures toHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent HIMT HIMT--
pollution HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
International
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMaritime
HIMT HIMT Organization is HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT the HIMT
international
HIMT HIMT HIMTbody responsible
HIMT HIMT forHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
controlling
HIMT HIMT HIMT marine
HIMT HIMT HIMT pollution
HIMT HIMT HIMT
IMOHIMT achieves
HIMT HIMT HIMT thisHIMT
byHIMT HIMT HIMT
adopting HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMTConvention
International HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMTthe
HIMTPrevention
Pollution from Ships commonly known as MARPOL
Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT I ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
MARPOL
HIMT HIMT convention contains
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTregulations
control of pollution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby oilHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarried
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
bulkHIMT
or tank washings
HIMTsuch cargoes
Annex II of the MARPOL convention contains regulations for control of pollution by
noxious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid cargoes
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMT in bulk
HIMT HIMT HIMTor tank
HIMT HIMTwashings
HIMT HIMT from such
HIMT HIMT cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT
To HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent HIMT HIMT
hazards to HIMT
environment the HIMT HIMT HIMT
following HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be observed
For
port:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmovements
Ship HIMT HIMT HIMTalongside
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must HIMT
be HIMT HIMTby
restricted HIMT HIMT HIMTmoorings
adjusting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
All pipelines, joints and valves must be kept under observation whilst handling cargo
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcatchment
HIMT HIMT HIMT trays
HIMTmust be fitted
HIMT HIMT or placed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT
vulnerable
HIMT HIMT points (hose
HIMT HIMT connections,
for
HIMT HIMT HIMT example)
Strict HIMTmust
control HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be exercised HIMT loading
whilst HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent HIMToverflowing
tanks HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
All scuppers must be closed to prevent a discharge of cargo from the deck
overboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT All HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT valvesHIMTand
HIMTblanks must
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe checked
HIMT HIMT HIMTprior to cargo
Valves
HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMT HIMT HIMTused should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbe HIMTsecured
HIMT HIMT if possible
HIMT HIMT HIMTSea valves
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMTin
HIMTuse
HIMTshould beHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
closed by double valves or blanked off HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTisHIMT
spilt, cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT be
HIMTstopped
HIMT HIMTand HIMTwarnings given
all HIMT
involved
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Pollution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT prevention
HIMT HIMT HIMT during theHIMT
HIMT HIMT portHIMT
operations include
HIMT HIMT HIMT keeping
HIMT HIMT a watch
HIMT HIMT HIMT
on:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
1.levels
cargo,HIMTslop or ballast
HIMT HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo or HIMT
HIMT HIMT ballast
HIMThoses or hard
HIMT HIMT arms
2.pumps, valves, gaskets, connections and hatches
3.spill
HIMT HIMT HIMT pans
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMTscuppers
4.alarms and instrumentation
5.coordination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof operation signals
Personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTonHIMTwatch
HIMT should
HIMT HIMTbe HIMTpresent
HIMT HIMTatHIMTallHIMT
times
HIMT during
HIMT HIMTcargo operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT
regularly carry out the inspections on the pollution prevention procedures

9.2.7 ForHIMToilHIMT HIMT HIMTat
tankers HIMT HIMT
sea : HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
There
HIMT HIMT regulations for the
HIMTcargo tank
HIMT HIMT washing
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTthe
HIMTsea
HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must be observed
—in
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorder to comply
HIMT HIMT with
HIMT HIMT HIMTthese requirements,
Load
HIMT HIMT HIMT On HIMT
HIMT HIMT TopHIMT(LOT)
HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
observed
HIMT HIMTduring
HIMT HIMTdeballasting,
HIMT HIMT HIMTdecanting
and HIMTcleaning
operations
Most crude carriers must:
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT crude
HIMToil wash
HIMT HIMT their cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks to minimize
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oily
HIMT wastes
— have segregated ballast tanks or have dedicated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT clean ballast
HIMT tanks
9.2.8
HIMT HIMT HIMT ForHIMT
HIMT HIMT chemical tankers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTat sea
HIMT HIMTand in port
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
For theHIMT HIMT HIMT
purpose ofHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharging slopsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
containing HIMTresidues
into HIMT HIMT HIMT
the sea, HIMTIIHIMT HIMT HIMT
Annex
divides
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT NLS
HIMTon chemical
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTfour
HIMTpollution based
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcategories
— these categories are X, Y , Z and OS, and
a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT cargoHIMTofHIMT
category XHIMT
HIMT HIMT represents the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT mostHIMTpollutant
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTaHIMT
cargo
HIMTof category
HIMT HIMT HIMTZHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
least pollutant
Slops
HIMT HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
HIMT HIMT X category to be
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgiven
HIMT only to shore
HIMT HIMT reception
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT facilities
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT all operations
HIMT HIMT HIMTon board
HIMT HIMT involving
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo,
HIMT ballast
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTbunkers
HIMT HIMTshould beHIMT
HIMT HIMT done
accordance with the applicable pollution regulations HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
— carrying out operations in accordance with the ship's Procedures and
Arrangements
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(P&HIMT
A) Manual
HIMT HIMTensures that HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT pollution regulations
HIMT HIMT are HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT complied with
IMO HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
adopted the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
International HIMT HIMT HIMT
Convention forHIMT
prevention HIMT HIMT HIMT
of Pollution fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
Ships.
Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTII of
HIMTthis
HIMTConvention
HIMT HIMT HIMT contains
HIMT HIMT regulations
HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
pollution byHIMT
HIMT HIMT noxious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquid HIMT HIMT
cargoes HIMT in
carried HIMT HIMTorHIMT
bulk tankHIMT HIMT HIMT
washing HIMT such
from HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargoes.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpurpose of discharging
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT slops containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo residues
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTthe
HIMTsea, Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMTIIHIMT HIMT HIMT
divides
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT noxious
HIMT HIMTcargoes
HIMT HIMT onHIMT
chemical
HIMT HIMT tankers
HIMT HIMTinto four
HIMT HIMTcategories.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMARPOL
Revised HIMT HIMT HIMT
AnnexHIMTIIHIMT HIMT HIMT
(noxious HIMT HIMT
liquid HIMT HIMT carried
substances HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bulk)
The revised Annex II Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid
substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT inHIMT
bulkHIMT
includes
HIMT HIMTaHIMT
newHIMTfour-category
HIMT HIMT HIMTcategorization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system forHIMT
HIMT HIMT noxious
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid substances.
HIMT HIMT TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT revised annex
HIMT HIMT HIMTentered
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTforce on HIMT
HIMT HIMT 1 January 2007.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnew
The HIMTcategories
are:
• Category X: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning or deballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations,
HIMT HIMT HIMTare HIMTdeemed to present
major
HIMThazard
either
HIMT HIMT HIMT marine
HIMT HIMT resources
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT orHIMT
human health
HIMT HIMT HIMTand, therefore,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTjustify the HIMT
HIMT HIMT prohibition
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
discharge into the marine environment; HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Category Y: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from
tank cleaning
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor deballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT operations,
HIMT HIMT HIMTare HIMTdeemed to present
hazard to either
marine
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT resources or human
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThealth
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
cause
HIMTharm to HIMT
HIMT HIMT amenities
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
other
HIMTlegitimate
uses of theHIMT HIMTand
sea HIMTtherefore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT a
justify HIMT HIMT HIMTon
limitation HIMT HIMT
the HIMT HIMT
quality andHIMT HIMT HIMT
quantity ofHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge into the marine environment;

• HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Category
HIMT HIMTZ:HIMT
Noxious
HIMT HIMTLiquid Substances
HIMT HIMT which,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTifHIMT
discharged into HIMT
sea HIMT
fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcleaning or deballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operations,
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTdeemed to present
minorHIMThazard
either HIMT HIMT
marine HIMT HIMT HIMT
resources or HIMT
human HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
health and HIMT HIMT HIMTjustify
therefore HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
less HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stringent
restrictions on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment;
and
• HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Other
HIMTSubstances: substances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which
HIMT HIMT evaluated and HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT found
HIMTto fallHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
outside Category X, Y or Z because they are considered to present no harm toHIMT HIMT HIMT
marine resources, human health, amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea when
discharged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinto the
HIMT sea
HIMT from
HIMT HIMTtank
HIMT cleaning of deballasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToperations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTdischarge
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT bilge
HIMTorHIMT
ballast water
HIMT HIMT HIMTor other
HIMT HIMTresidues or mixtures
HIMT HIMT HIMT containing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthese
HIMT HIMTsubstances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
are HIMT
not HIMT HIMT
subject HIMT HIMT
to any HIMT HIMT HIMT
requirements HIMT HIMT HIMT
of MARPOL HIMT HIMT
Annex II. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The revised annex includes a number of other significant changes. Improvements in
ship
HIMT HIMT HIMT technology,
HIMT HIMT such
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as
HIMT efficient stripping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtechniques, has HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT made possible
significantly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlower permitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge levels
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of certain
HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT HIMT have
HIMT been
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
incorporated into Annex II. For ships constructed on or after 1 January 2007 theHIMT HIMT HIMT
maximum
HIMT HIMT HIMT permitted
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT residue
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
theHIMT
tankHIMT
and itsHIMT
HIMT associated
HIMT HIMT piping
HIMT HIMTleft
HIMTafter
HIMTdischarge
will be set at a maximum of 75 litres for products in categories X, Y
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and Z . HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
operations on HIMT HIMT involving
board HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cargo, HIMT HIMT
ballast and HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunkers HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT
doneHIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
accordance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith the HIMT
HIMT HIMT applicable
HIMT HIMTpollution regulations.
HIMT HIMT HIMT Carrying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTout
HIMToperations
accordance with the ship‘s Procedures and Arrangements (P and A) Manual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ensures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
that pollution regulations are complied with. Care should be taken to avoid cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT
spillage during cargo transfer, ballasting or tank cleaning operations. Pollution-HIMT HIMT HIMT
prevention
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures
HIMT HIMT HIMT during theHIMT
HIMT HIMT operations mentioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT above
HIMT HIMTobjectives
HIMT HIMT HIMTinclude
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
keeping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwatch on:HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
• Levels in cargo, slop or ballast tanks
• Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor
HIMTballast hoses
HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMThard
HIMTarms
• HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Pumps, valves,
HIMT HIMT gaskets,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTconnections and
HIMT HIMT HIMT hatches
• HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Spill HIMTand
pans HIMTscuppers
• Alarms and instrumentation
• Co-ordination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT
operation
HIMT HIMTsignals
Personnel on HIMT
watch HIMT HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMT HIMT
present HIMT
at all HIMT HIMT
times duringHIMTand
HIMTregularly
HIMT HIMT HIMT
carryHIMT
outHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
inspections mentioned above.
AllHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT events should
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeHIMTrecorded
HIMT HIMT inHIMTthe Cargo
HIMT Record
HIMT HIMT Book.
9.2.9
HIMT HIMT HIMT Measures
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
taken HIMTin the
HIMT HIMTevent
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
spillage
Immediately report all relevant information to the appropriate officials when a spill is
detected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor when
HIMT HIMT a malfunction
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT hasHIMT
occurred
HIMT HIMT which poses
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
riskHIMT
of aHIMT
spill
—HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT promptly notify
HIMT HIMT HIMT shore-based
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresponse
HIMT HIMTpersonnel
—HIMT HIMT
properly HIMT HIMT HIMT
implement HIMT HIMT
shipboard HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures
spill‑containment HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
— assist in implementing shipboard spill‑containment procedures

Operational
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTSpill Prevention:
Crew HIMT HIMTshall
members HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
maintain a HIMT
close HIMT HIMT HIMT
watch for HIMT
the HIMT HIMT HIMT
escape HIMTduring
of oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunker
operations.
Prior
HIMT HIMT HIMT to bunker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtransfer
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTcompetent
HIMT HIMT HIMTcrew
HIMTmembers
HIMT HIMT HIMT should mobilize
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT oil HIMT
spillHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment, as far as available on board, and place it close to the planned operation,HIMT HIMT HIMT
e.g. along the railing on the side at which bunker operation takes place.
Before
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbunker handling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcommences, all deck
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT scuppers
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT open drains
HIMT HIMT must
HIMT HIMT HIMT
effectively plugged. Accumulations of water should be drained periodically andHIMT HIMT HIMT
scupper plugs replaced immediately after the water has run off. Any free floating oil
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil droplets should
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbe removed
HIMT HIMT HIMTprior to draining.
Bunker HIMT HIMT
tanks whichHIMT HIMT HIMT
have been HIMT HIMT HIMT
topped upHIMT HIMT HIMT
be checked HIMT HIMT
frequently HIMT HIMT
during theHIMT HIMT HIMT
remaining
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbunker operations
avoid
HIMTan overflow.
Unless
HIMT HIMT HIMT there
HIMT HIMT HIMTare
HIMTpermanent
HIMT HIMT HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
retention
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
anyHIMT
slight
HIMTleakage
HIMT HIMTat ship/
HIMT HIMTshore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
connections HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunker HIMT HIMT
transfer, HIMT
it is HIMT HIMTthat
essential HIMT a HIMT HIMT
drip HIMT
tray is HIMT HIMT HIMT
in place HIMT HIMT
to catch anyHIMT HIMT HIMT
leaking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTremoved bunker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil and
HIMT the
HIMT HIMTused
HIMT clean-up material
HIMT HIMT be retained
HIMT HIMT on board
in proper containment units until it can be discharged to a reception facility. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Pipeline
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLeakage
If a leakage occurs from a pipeline, valve, hose or metal arm, operations through that
connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should be stopped
HIMT HIMT HIMT untilHIMT
cause
HIMThas
HIMTbeen ascertained
HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT defect
HIMT remedied.
Defective pipe sections should be isolated. Affected sections should be drained
down
HIMT HIMT HIMT to an
HIMT HIMT available
HIMT HIMT HIMTempty or HIMT
HIMT HIMT slack tank.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a leakage HIMT HIMT
occurs fromHIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT pipeline,
hydraulic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
stopped
immediately.
Initiate
HIMT HIMT HIMT clean-up
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures.
The removed bunker oil and the used clean-up material should be retained on board
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT proper
HIMT containment unitsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT until it can
HIMT HIMT be
HIMTdischarged
a reception facility.
Inform all HIMT HIMTinterested
parties HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTPipeline
about HIMT HIMT Leakage
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
actions takenHIMTsoHIMT
far.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT Overflow
HIMT HIMT HIMT
If HIMT
thereHIMT
is HIMT HIMToverflow
a tank HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
all bunker HIMT HIMT HIMT
stopped HIMT HIMT HIMT
immediately andHIMT HIMT HIMT
should not be restarted until the fault has been rectified and all hazards from the
released oil have been eliminated.

If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT there isHIMT
HIMT anyHIMT
possibility
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT released
HIMT HIMToilHIMTorHIMT
oil vapours entering
HIMT HIMT engineHIMTroom
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
intake
HIMT HIMT preventive
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsteps must
taken
HIMTquickly.
Promptly shift bunker oil from the tank overflowed to an available empty or slack tank
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT prepare pump(s)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT
transfer the HIMT
HIMT HIMT excessHIMTashore.
Initiate HIMT HIMT
clean-up HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
procedures.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTremoved bunker
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil and
HIMT the
HIMT HIMT used
HIMT clean-up
HIMT HIMT HIMTmaterial should
HIMT HIMT be retained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMTboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT proper
HIMT containment unitsHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT until
HIMTit can
HIMT be
HIMTdischarged
a reception facility.
Inform in line with Section 2 all parties interested about Tank Overflow and actions
taken
HIMT HIMT HIMT so far.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTLeakage
Hull HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Identify
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTleaking tank;
HIMT HIMT HIMTconsider
HIMT HIMT diver
HIMT HIMTif necessary
HIMT HIMT HIMT and possible.
Reduce HIMT in
level HIMT HIMTinHIMT
tank HIMT HIMT
question HIMT
well HIMT HIMT
below seaHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
level.
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT it isHIMT
not HIMT
possible
HIMT HIMTto identify
HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTleaking
HIMT HIMTtank, reduce
HIMT HIMT HIMT level in all
HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks in vicinity.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTInHIMT HIMT HIMT
this case give careful consideration to hull stress and stability.
If HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT there isHIMT
HIMT a spillage
HIMT HIMTdue HIMTto suspected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThullHIMT
leakage reduce
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT headHIMTofHIMT
bunker andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
promptly
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT transfer the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT bunker
HIMT oil
HIMTtoHIMTanHIMT
available
HIMT HIMT empty or HIMT
HIMT HIMT slack tank
HIMT HIMTor, if HIMT
HIMT berthed,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT ashore
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in
HIMTsuitable barges/
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT tanks.
Basic
HIMT HIMT HIMT knowledge
measures
HIMT HIMTto HIMTbe taken
HIMT in the
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
spillage,
HIMT HIMTincluding
HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
need to: HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
.1HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT report
HIMT relevant information
responsible persons:
Quick HIMT HIMT
efficient HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween
co-ordination HIMT HIMT HIMT
the HIMT
shipHIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
Coastal HIMT HIMT
States or HIMT
other HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
parties
involved becomes vital in mitigating the effects of an oil pollution incident.
As
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe identities
HIMT HIMT HIMT and roles
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT various national
HIMTlocal Authorities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinvolved varyHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
widely from state to state and even from port to port, the Master should take note ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
these particularities, as far as possible. In this context the Master should call upon
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT owner‘s
HIMT HIMTrepresentatives
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin HIMTtheHIMTstate/ portHIMT
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
question to HIMT
HIMT HIMT receive the HIMT
HIMT HIMT relevant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
information.
Prior to undertaking mitigation actions – especially in cases of an actual discharge of
oilHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT dueHIMT
to HIMT
casualties
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
the HIMT
territorial
HIMT HIMTwaters of aHIMT
HIMT HIMT Coastal State
HIMT HIMT HIMT– HIMT
the Master
HIMT HIMTshould
contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe Coastal
HIMT HIMT HIMT State
HIMTfor authorization
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMThisHIMT
action.
The Master should co-ordinate all his activities with the Coastal State.

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMaster
HIMT HIMT should callHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
Coastal
HIMT HIMTState
HIMTfor
HIMTallowance
use HIMTchemical agents
forHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT response
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
oil HIMT
pollution on the
HIMT HIMT HIMTsea. Without
HIMT HIMT authorization
the Authorities
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
appropriate HIMT HIMT
Coastal HIMTno
State HIMT HIMT HIMTagents
chemical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should be HIMT
used. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Where
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT no HIMT
HIMT HIMT responsibility
discharge
HIMT HIMTresponse by aHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Coastal
HIMT HIMTState
HIMTis noticed
HIMT HIMT
Master
HIMT HIMT takeHIMT
HIMT HIMT all HIMT
the HIMT
necessary
HIMT HIMTsteps as HIMT
HIMT HIMT deemed
HIMT HIMTappropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTto minimize
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
escape HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of oil.
.2HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT assist
HIMT in
HIMTimplementing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT shipboard spill-containment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocedures:
GENERAL
Ship and shore personnel should maintain a close watch for the escape of oil at the
commencement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
andHIMT
during cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTtransfer
HIMT HIMToperations.
HIMT HIMT HIMTIn HIMT
particular,
HIMT HIMT care
HIMTshould
taken
HIMT HIMT HIMT to ensure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthatHIMTpipeline
HIMT HIMT valves,
HIMT HIMTincluding drop
HIMT HIMT HIMT valves,
HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMTclosed when
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
use.
Cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMT
HIMT HIMT bunker
HIMT tanks
HIMT HIMTwhich have
HIMT HIMT HIMTbeen topped
HIMT HIMT HIMT up
HIMTshould
HIMT HIMT beHIMTchecked
HIMT HIMTfrequently
during
HIMT HIMT remaining
HIMT HIMTloading
HIMT HIMT HIMTto avoid anHIMT
HIMT HIMT overflow.
On
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdouble hullHIMT
HIMT HIMT vessels
HIMT HIMTwhere there
HIMT HIMT HIMTmay
HIMTbe a HIMT
HIMT reduced GM,HIMT
HIMT HIMT due care
HIMT HIMTshall be taken
when deballasting double bottom tanks after other cargo tanks have been
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT topped off.HIMT HIMT HIMT
It is possible that any list / loll that may result could cause an overflow of cargo. IfHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToccurs
leakage HIMT HIMT HIMT a
from HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve,
pipeline, HIMT HIMT HIMTor
hose HIMT HIMT HIMT
metal arm,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
through thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
connection
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
stopped untilHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
cause has HIMT
HIMT HIMT been HIMT ascertained
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTthe
HIMTdefect
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
has
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeen rectified.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTIf aHIMT
pipeline,
HIMT HIMThose
HIMTor arm
HIMT bursts,
HIMT or ifHIMT
HIMT HIMT there
HIMTisHIMT
an HIMT
overflow or other
spill,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTall
HIMTcargo andHIMT
HIMT HIMT bunker operations
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
stopped
HIMT notHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
be restarted until the fault has been rectified and all hazards from the released oil
have
HIMT HIMT HIMT beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT eliminated.
HIMT HIMT HIMT If there is any
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
released
HIMT HIMT oilHIMT
or HIMT
of petroleum
gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT entering
HIMT HIMT HIMTanHIMT engine
HIMT HIMT room or HIMT
HIMT HIMT accommodation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT space intake,
preventive HIMT HIMTmust
measures HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be taken HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
quickly.
Means
HIMT HIMTbe HIMT
provided
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
theHIMT
prompt removal
HIMT HIMT of any
HIMT HIMT spillage
HIMT HIMT on deck.
HIMT HIMT Any
HIMT HIMT HIMToilHIMT HIMT HIMT
spill
HIMT HIMTbeHIMT
reported
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
the HIMT
terminal andHIMT
HIMT HIMT portHIMT
authorities
HIMT HIMT and the relevant
HIMT HIMT shipHIMT
shore HIMT HIMT HIMT
oil pollution HIMT HIMTplans
emergency HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
should HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
be activated.
Harbour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTauthorities
HIMT HIMT HIMT and any
HIMT adjacent
HIMT HIMT HIMTship
HIMT or shore
HIMT installations
HIMT be
HIMTwarned
any
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpotential
HIMT HIMThazard
HIMT HIMTcaused
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
theHIMT
spill.
SEA AND OVERBOARD DISCHARGE VALVES
AtHIMT
start of HIMT
HIMT andHIMTat regular
HIMT HIMT intervals
HIMT HIMTthroughout
HIMT HIMT HIMTloading,
HIMT HIMT discharging,
HIMT HIMT HIMTballasting andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwashing, a watch
HIMT HIMT be kept
HIMT HIMT to ensure
HIMT HIMT that
HIMT HIMT HIMToil
HIMTis HIMT
not HIMT
escaping though
HIMT HIMT seaHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
valves. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
When
HIMT HIMT in use, seaHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT overboard
HIMT HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalves connected
HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystems
HIMT HIMT securely closed
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT lashed andHIMT
HIMT HIMT may HIMTbeHIMTsealed.
HIMT HIMTIn-line
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
blanks HIMT HIMT
inserted HIMT HIMT
where HIMT HIMT
provided. HIMT HIMT
When HIMT HIMT
lashing HIMT practical,
is not HIMT HIMT HIMT
as HIMT
withHIMT HIMT HIMT
hydraulic valves, some suitable means of marking should be used to indicate clearly
that the valves are to remain closed.

HIMT HIMT HIMTSCUPPER
HIMT HIMT HIMTPLUGS
Before HIMT HIMT
cargo HIMT HIMT
handling HIMT HIMT HIMT
commences, allHIMT HIMTscuppers
deck HIMT HIMT HIMT
and,HIMT HIMT HIMT
where HIMT HIMT open
applicable, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
drains on the jetty, must be effectively plugged to prevent spilled oil escaping into the
water
HIMT HIMT HIMT around
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT tanker or terminal.
HIMT HIMT Accumulations
HIMT HIMT HIMT of water
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT should beHIMT
HIMT HIMT drained
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
periodically
HIMTscupper
HIMT HIMT plugs replaced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTimmediately
HIMT HIMT HIMTafter theHIMT
HIMT HIMT water HIMThas
HIMTbeen runHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
off. Oily water should be transferred to a slop tank or other suitable receptacle. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SPILL
HIMT HIMT HIMT CONTAINMENT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
permanently HIMTspill
fitted HIMT tank,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
provided HIMTsuitable
with HIMT HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMTof
draining, HIMT HIMT
beHIMT HIMT HIMT
fitted under all ship and shore manifold connections. Should no permanent means be
provided,
HIMT HIMT HIMT drip HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT trays should
HIMT be placed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTunder each
HIMT HIMT HIMTconnection to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT retain any
HIMT HIMTleakage.
SHIP ANDHIMT HIMT HIMT
SHORE HIMT HIMT
CARGO HIMT HIMT
AND HIMT HIMT
BUNKER HIMT HIMT HIMT
PIPELINES HIMTIN
NOT HIMT USEHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtightness of valves
HIMT HIMT notHIMT
HIMT HIMT be relied
HIMT HIMTupon
HIMTto prevent
HIMT the
HIMT HIMT HIMTescape or HIMT
HIMT HIMT seepage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil.HIMT
AllHIMT
shore
HIMTpipelines, loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT arms
HIMT HIMT HIMTand hoses
HIMT HIMT HIMTnot inHIMT
HIMT useHIMTat HIMT
a berth must
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTblanked.
securely All HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship‘s cargo
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT bunker pipelines
HIMT HIMT notHIMT
HIMT HIMT in use
HIMT must be HIMT
HIMT HIMT securely
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
blanked
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTat the
HIMT manifold.
HIMT The
HIMT HIMT HIMT stern
HIMT cargo
HIMT HIMT HIMTpipelines should
HIMTisolated fromHIMT
tanker‘s main pipeline system forward of the aft accommodation by blanking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT or byHIMT HIMT HIMT
the removal of a spool piece.
9.3
HIMT HIMT HIMT SOPEP
HIMT SMPEP
Regulation 37HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of MARPOL HIMT HIMT
Annex HIMT HIMTthat
I requires HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
oil tankers HIMT150 HIMT HIMT HIMT
gross HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tonnage
and above and all ships of 400 gross tonnage and above carry an approved
Shipboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOilHIMT
Pollution
HIMT HIMTEmergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTPlan (SOPEP).
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Article
HIMT HIMT3HIMT
of HIMT
the HIMT
International
Convention
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT onHIMT
OilHIMT
Pollution Preparedness,
HIMT HIMT Response
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and Co-operation,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 1990, alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsuch
requires HIMT HIMT
a planHIMTfor
HIMT HIMT HIMT
certain HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ships.
Regulation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT17HIMT
of MARPOL Annex
HIMT HIMT HIMT II forHIMT
HIMT HIMT Chemical
HIMT HIMTtankers
HIMT HIMTmakes
HIMT HIMT similar stipulations
that
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTall ships
HIMT HIMT of 150
HIMT HIMT gross tonnage
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT above carrying
HIMT HIMT noxious
HIMT HIMT liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMTsubstances
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarry
bulk HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
an approved HIMT HIMT marine
shipboard HIMT HIMTpollution
HIMT HIMT emergency
HIMT HIMT HIMTplan
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTliquid
for noxious HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
substances.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlatter may
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT combined withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a SOPEP, since
HIMT HIMT HIMT most
HIMT of their
HIMT HIMT contents
HIMT HIMT areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
same and one combined plan on board is more practical than two separate ones inHIMT HIMT HIMT
case of an emergency. To make it clear that the plan is a combined one, it should be
referred
as HIMT
a Shipboard Marine
HIMT HIMT HIMT Pollution
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTEmergency Plan
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(SMPEP).
HIMT HIMT HIMT In brief theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
concept
theHIMT
plan is HIMT
HIMT to assist personnel
dealing withHIMT
HIMT HIMT anHIMT
unexpected
HIMT HIMT HIMTdischarge
HIMT HIMT HIMT
oilHIMT
andHIMT
NLSHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
SOPEP equipment & SMPEP equipment consist as per SOPEP manual and SMPEP
manual.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTProcedure
be HIMT
followed to report
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa HIMT
marine
HIMT pollution incident
HIMT HIMT HIMT is shown
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT SOPEP
HIMT manual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT and SMPEP
HIMT manual.

AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ship's
HIMT SOPEP
HIMT HIMTmust be inHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
approved
HIMT HIMTform, andHIMT
HIMT HIMT include the following
HIMT HIMT particulars:
1.the HIMT HIMT
procedure toHIMT
be HIMT HIMT HIMT
followed HIMT ship's
by the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
master, or HIMT HIMT HIMT
someone HIMThaving
else HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
charge
of the ship, in notifying a reportable incident that is a discharge or probable
discharge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of oil involving
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTship;
2.a
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlist
HIMT of HIMT
the HIMT
entities to be
HIMT HIMT HIMTnotified
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
persons
HIMT HIMT onHIMTboard if the
HIMT HIMT reportable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTincident
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
happens;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3.the procedure to be followed for coordinating with entities notified about the
reportable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT incident;
4.the
HIMT HIMT HIMT name
HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMTtheHIMT
person onHIMT
HIMT HIMT board
HIMT through whom
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTall communications
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTabout theHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
reportable incident are to be made;HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
5.a detailed description of the action to be taken, immediately after the reportable
incident,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby HIMT persons
HIMT HIMTon HIMTboard to HIMT
HIMT HIMT minimize or HIMT
HIMT HIMT control
HIMT any discharge
oil HIMT
fromHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
ship
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresulting
HIMT HIMT HIMT fromHIMT
theHIMT
reportable
HIMT HIMTincident
Many
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT plan
HIMTalso
HIMTincludes a section
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTadditional
HIMT HIMTinformation
HIMT HIMT HIMTconcerning
HIMT HIMT HIMT to;HIMT HIMT HIMT
record keeping, public affairs, drilling procedures, national and local coordination
procedures.
1 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ) Preamble
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTplan
This serves
HIMT HIMT HIMTasHIMTthe
HIMTresponse guide
dealing
HIMT HIMTwithHIMT
unexpected
HIMT HIMT HIMTevents such
HIMT HIMT asHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
accidental discharge of oil.
To respond effectively to an unexpected discharge we need to have structured plans HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ready
HIMT HIMT HIMT to ensure
HIMT HIMTactions
HIMT HIMTareHIMTtaken in HIMT
HIMT HIMT a timely, logical,
HIMT HIMT safe
HIMT HIMT HIMT and
HIMTstructured
manner.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreal
HIMTpurpose
HIMT HIMT of this
HIMT HIMTplan
HIMTis to HIMT
HIMT provide
HIMT Master
HIMT HIMTwith HIMT procedures
HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMTreport, prevent,
stop and minimize an oil pollution event.
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT plan
HIMT HIMTis in HIMTworking
HIMT HIMT language of the
HIMT HIMTandHIMTandHIMThas
HIMTbeen approved
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
administration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT withHIMT
Master of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTship
HIMTas itsHIMT
HIMT in-charge.
HIMT HIMT HIMT
OnHIMT
oilHIMT
tankerHIMT the
HIMTactual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
action planHIMTcanHIMT HIMT
differ HIMT HIMT
based on HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks filledHIMT
withHIMT
oilHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
its handling.
To
HIMT HIMT HIMT provide
HIMT HIMT HIMT ready reference
thoseHIMTin-charge
planHIMT
contains
HIMT HIMTa HIMT
general layout
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTship,
HIMT HIMT tanks capacity
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcharts,
HIMT HIMTvarious
HIMT HIMT oilHIMTlines, position
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMTvents, general
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
arrangement HIMT HIMT
hull and HIMT HIMT HIMT
upper deck. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
2 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ) Reporting
HIMT HIMT HIMT Requirements
Under
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTtermsHIMTof MARPOL
HIMT HIMT HIMT 73/
HIMT78HIMTthe
HIMTmaster
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
the HIMT
shipHIMT
is required to inform
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
nearest Coastal State; without delay about the incident ( Actual or probableHIMT HIMT HIMT
discharges of oil into waters ).
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTreporting
HIMT HIMT HIMT procedure
HIMT HIMTto beHIMT
HIMT followed
HIMT HIMTmust
HIMTcomply
HIMT HIMTwith the HIMT
HIMT HIMT guidelines
HIMT HIMT set byHIMT
International
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Maritime
HIMT HIMTOrganization A set
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of reporting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTguidelines for HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT harmful
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTdangerous
substances, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
goods, andHIMT HIMT HIMT
marine HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pollutants.
For easy reference to reporting duties and processes, one can easily follow the
summary
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTflowchart on HIMT
HIMT HIMT reporting
HIMT HIMTrequirements.
InHIMT
event HIMT ofHIMT
actual
HIMTdischarge,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the Master
HIMT is obliged
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto report
HIMT HIMT if theHIMT
HIMT discharge
HIMT HIMTof oil;HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
results fromHIMTdamage
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
theHIMT HIMTdamage
ship, HIMT HIMT toHIMTitsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment, HIMT operations,
during HIMT HIMT HIMTor HIMT
forHIMT HIMT HIMT
the purpose of saving lives at sea.

The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTMaster
HIMT HIMTisHIMT
obliged
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
reportHIMTto concerned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTauthorities;
HIMT HIMT HIMT even HIMTwhen there
HIMT HIMT HIMTis noHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
actual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of HIMToil.
HIMT But
HIMTjust
HIMTaHIMT
high HIMTprobability
it under
HIMT HIMTserious breakdown,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcollision,
failures, HIMT HIMT grounding,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor
flooding, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fire.
Further, it contains a list of contacts to reach in such events including coastal; port,
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTother ship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT interest contacts
HIMT HIMT HIMT ( local
HIMT HIMT agent
theHIMT company, owner,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT operator,
clean-up
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcontractors,
HIMT HIMT HIMTetc HIMT).HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
AllHIMT HIMT up
follow HIMTreports
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
must alsoHIMT HIMT HIMT
include major HIMT HIMT HIMTtaken
actions; HIMT HIMT
by theHIMT master
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
contain
the discharge of oil and other information relevant to coastal authorities.
3 HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ) Steps to Control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTDischarge
It HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is the duty
HIMT HIMTof the
HIMT person
reportHIMTit HIMT
to the
HIMTMaster
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
responsible
HIMT on
HIMTboard
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the moment he or she finds about the oil spill. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Different actions are needed to mitigate or control different types of an oil spill; thus
SOPEP
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThas
HIMTaHIMT
separate
HIMT HIMTaction planHIMT
HIMT HIMT for HIMT
operational
HIMT HIMTandHIMT accidental
discharge.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT most common
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcause
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
operational
HIMT HIMT HIMT spill
HIMTare; pipeHIMT
HIMT HIMT leakage,
HIMT HIMTleakage fromHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
bunkering/transfers, hull leakage, and bunker tank overflow. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT
HIMTof
HIMTtheHIMT
operational
HIMT HIMT HIMToil HIMT
spillHIMT
the HIMT
course
HIMT of
HIMTaction should
HIMT HIMT be as
HIMT HIMT follows;
HIMT HIMT HIMT inform
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrectify
costal authorities, activate cleanup procedures, stop oil flow, locate-stop and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTleakage, takeHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT photographs,
HIMT HIMT HIMTprepare to pump
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutHIMT oilHIMT
in HIMT
another tank/ashore,
determine theHIMT HIMT HIMT
quantity HIMT
of oil HIMTcomplete
spill, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cleanup andHIMTlog HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
it down.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTmost common
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcause
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
oilHIMT
spills
HIMTresulting from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaccidents
HIMT HIMT HIMT are;HIMT
grounding,
explosion/fire, the extension of hull damage, collision, etc.
Specific
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaction
HIMT HIMT plans are HIMT
HIMT HIMT there HIMTtoHIMT
meetHIMT the
HIMT specific challenge
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthatHIMTarose
HIMT HIMTin HIMT
thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
particular situation.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
InHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT all HIMT
actions taken
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
HIMT events of spill
HIMT HIMT HIMTdueHIMT to
HIMTaccidents;
firstHIMT
priority is to
HIMT HIMT ensure
ship‘s
HIMT HIMT HIMT stability,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT then contain
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT spill,
HIMTtransfer
HIMT HIMToil,
HIMT then
HIMT HIMTinform authorities/coast
guards,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTactivate cleanup
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTteam, do sounding
all HIMT
tanks, access
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT stateHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
emergency and request assistance accordingly.

10.0 Case HIMTStudies
Case
HIMT HIMT HIMT study
HIMT HIMT 1-Fire
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT Explosion
HIMT HIMTunloading operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsummary
Incident HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
AtHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 0845HIMT on
HIMTSeptember
HIMT HIMT HIMT16, HIMT1990, theHIMT
HIMT HIMT tanker vessel
HIMT HIMT "M.T.
HIMT HIMT HIMT ABC" caught
HIMT HIMT fire HIMT
exploded
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToffloading
HIMT HIMT HIMT operations at the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTotal Oil Company
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT refinery
HIMT HIMTonHIMT
theHIMT
XxxHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnear
river HIMT HIMT
BayHIMTCity,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Michigan
AHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT wake from
HIMT HIMTa passing
HIMT HIMT HIMT bulk carrier
HIMT apparently
HIMT HIMT caused
HIMT HIMT HIMT the parting
HIMT M.T.
HIMTABC's
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
transfer hose, grounding cable, and all but one of its mooring lines
Residual
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gasoline in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbroken transfer
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMThose
HIMTwas
HIMTbelieved to have
HIMT HIMT HIMT beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT ignited by aHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
spark HIMTdock.
on the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
M.T.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ABC's
HIMT HIMT stern swung
HIMT HIMT HIMTaround
HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTthe
HIMTXxx River
HIMT HIMT and
HIMT HIMT grounded perpendicular
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMT HIMT HIMT
the direction of the river flow
Grounding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresulted
HIMT HIMT in HIMT
a crack in the
HIMT HIMT vessel's
HIMT HIMT HIMThull
HIMTfrom
HIMT the
HIMTmanifold on the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstarboard
side to 75 feet aft of the manifold on the port side
Area
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT was evacuated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand vessel
HIMT HIMT HIMTtraffic wasHIMT
HIMT HIMT halted.The pierHIMT
wasHIMT
extinguished
anHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT attempt
HIMT HIMTto HIMT
saveHIMT theHIMT
lastHIMT
mooring
HIMT HIMTline
HIMTwhile
HIMT the
HIMTfire
HIMTon
HIMT board the HIMT
HIMT HIMT vessel
HIMTremained
out of controlHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
A shore company from Houston, Texas, was contracted to fight the fire due to the
lack
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof locally
HIMT available
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtrained personnel
HIMTequipment
AtHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT 1315HIMTonHIMTSeptember
HIMT HIMT HIMT 17,HIMT
theHIMT
shore
HIMT personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMTextinguished
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMTblaze by HIMT
HIMT HIMT applying
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
foam. HIMT HIMT
Carbon HIMTaccumulations
black HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
falling fromHIMT
overhead HIMT HIMT
re-ignited HIMTfire
the HIMTatHIMT HIMT HIMT
2300,This second blaze was cooled with water and extinguished with foam on
September
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 18.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshore personnel
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTalsoHIMT applied
HIMT HIMTfoam inside
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe
HIMTvessel's
HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTtanks
HIMTto prevent
HIMT HIMT HIMTre-HIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition of HIMT
the HIMT
vesselHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Countermeasures
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTmitigation
HIMT HIMT HIMT
OnHIMTSeptember
HIMT HIMT HIMT16, HIMTcontainment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
boom HIMT was
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTaround
deployed HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT as
vessel HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
precaution against further spillage. The boom remained in place until the vessel was
re-floated
HIMT HIMT HIMT on October
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT 16 HIMTand
HIMTmoved
HIMT HIMTtoHIMT
the HIMT
north side
HIMT ofHIMT
HIMT theHIMT
riverHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
No
HIMT HIMT HIMT product
HIMT HIMT HIMTwas observed
HIMT HIMT HIMT leaking
HIMT HIMT vessel
HIMTas it was
HIMT relocated.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTVacuum
HIMT HIMTtrucks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
were used to recover the gasoline and water mixture. Approximately 262 barrelsHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
were recovered by September 28
Small
HIMT HIMT HIMT amounts
carbon residue
HIMT HIMT that HIMT
HIMT HIMT impacted
HIMT HIMTthe shoreline
HIMT wereHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT manually
HIMT HIMTraked
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbeaches in the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT area
HIMT HIMT HIMT
OnHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
September 19,HIMT HIMT HIMT odours
gasoline HIMT HIMTwere
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reported inHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
sewers of HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
a residential
community near the incident site. Contractors were dispatched to flush and foam the
sewers.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Sections
HIMT HIMT ofHIMTboom and HIMT
HIMT HIMT a combustible
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas
HIMTdetector
HIMT HIMTwere set HIMT
HIMT HIMT up to monitor
HIMT HIMT
sewer
HIMT HIMT HIMT outfall.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfire-fighting
The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT that
foam HIMT HIMT
wasHIMT
used HIMT
onHIMTtheHIMT
fire HIMT
wasHIMT HIMT
water HIMT HIMT
soluble HIMT
moderately
toxic. Contaminated water from the fire-fighting operation was collected and brought
to a Bay City Wastewater

Case HIMT HIMT
Study 2 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Event
HIMT HIMT HIMT -4th
HIMT HIMT April
Following personnel entered 3S COT for squeegeeing the remaining cargo of Tallow
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a Chemical Tanker.
The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtank‘s atmosphere
HIMT HIMT hadHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT been
HIMTchecked. Enclosed
HIMT HIMT entry
HIMT HIMT permit
HIMT issued.
Gases wereHIMTmeasured
HIMT HIMT HIMT
as HIMT HIMT HIMTHC:
02: 20.9%; HIMT0%HIMTLEL;
HIMT HIMT
CO:HIMT HIMT HIMT
0 ppm; H2S:HIMT HIMT HIMT
0 ppm. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Three
ABs, pump man, Cadet and OS entered the tank.
WHAT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HAPPENED?
While squeegeeing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT theHIMT
cargo
HIMTofHIMTTallow (USHIMT
HIMT HIMT packer Inedible
HIMT HIMT Tallow)
HIMT HIMT in 3S
HIMT HIMT HIMT COT.
Cadet & AB collapsed and became unconscious. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
INCIDENT:
Both
HIMT above,mentioned
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcrew members
HIMT HIMT were
HIMT HIMT HIMTamong
HIMT HIMTthe 6 HIMT
HIMT persons whoHIMT
HIMT HIMT wentHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
down
HIMT HIMT HIMT to squeeze
HIMTcargo.
HIMT HIMTWhile halfway
HIMT HIMT HIMT through the squeezing,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthese menHIMT
HIMT HIMT feltHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTuneasy
little HIMT HIMT HIMTdecided
and HIMT HIMTto
HIMT HIMTup
come HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
At 0305LT Cadet came up and within 5 minutes AB also came up. After coming up
onHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT deckHIMTboth
HIMT collapsed and
HIMT HIMT HIMT became
HIMT unconscious
By
HIMT HIMT HIMT that
HIMT time
HIMT vessel
HIMT had
HIMT HIMT already
HIMT HIMT HIMTinformed
HIMT HIMT terminal
HIMT HIMTand
HIMTagents
HIMT HIMThad called
HIMT for HIMT
HIMT HIMT medical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
help HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
shore.AT HIMTboth
0325 HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the men were HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
transferred HIMThospital
to the HIMT HIMTby
two
ambulance
Before
HIMT HIMT HIMT they
HIMT HIMT were
HIMT HIMTtaken to HIMT
HIMT HIMT the hospital, theyHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT were administered
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFirst Aid HIMT
HIMT HIMT in the form
ofHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT Oxygen andHIMT
HIMT HIMT I. V. fluids
HIMT HIMTby
HIMTthe
HIMTmedical
HIMT HIMT staff
HIMTinside theHIMT
HIMT HIMT ambulance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT returned
Both HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
to the HIMT HIMT
vessel andHIMT HIMT
both HIMT HIMT
signed off HIMT
beingHIMT HIMTfor
unfit HIMT HIMTfor
duty HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
3 weeks
Discussion
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpoints.
What HIMTcould
HIMT HIMT HIMTmain
be the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
cause(s) of HIMT HIMT HIMT
collapsing ofHIMT
CadetHIMTand
HIMTAB?
• In your opinion what could be the essential precautions/good practices that
might
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTnot
HIMThave beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT followed
HIMT HIMTledHIMT
to HIMT
this HIMT
eventuality?
Where are these
HIMT HIMT precautions/good
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpractices captured?
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT• What should be the immediate action to be taken in such
cases?
• From where will you get the information for taking such action?
Discuss theHIMT
HIMT HIMT lessons learnt
HIMT HIMT HIMTfrom this HIMT
HIMT HIMT case. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Glossary
terms used
HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT Tankers:
Administration: Means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled
toHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT fly. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Anti-static
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT additive:
HIMT HIMT HIMTA HIMT
substance added
HIMTaHIMT
petroleum product
raiseHIMTitsHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
electrical conductivity to a safe level above 50 pico Siemens/ metre (pS/m) toHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevent accumulation of static electricity.
Approved
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTequipment:
HIMT HIMT HIMTEquipment
a design that
HIMT HIMT has
HIMT HIMTbeen tested
HIMT HIMT HIMTand
HIMTapproved
byHIMT
appropriate
HIMT HIMT HIMTauthority, suchHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMTa HIMT
government department
HIMT HIMT HIMT classification
society. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
authority HIMT HIMT
should haveHIMTcertified
HIMT HIMT the
equipment HIMTsafe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
for use in aHIMT HIMT HIMT
specified hazardous atmosphere.

Auto-ignition:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMT ignition
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
a combustible
HIMT HIMT HIMTmaterial
HIMT HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTinitiation
HIMT HIMT by
HIMTa HIMT
sparkHIMTorHIMT HIMT HIMT
flame,
HIMT HIMT HIMT when
HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTmaterial
HIMT HIMT has beenHIMT
HIMT HIMT raised to aHIMT
HIMT HIMT temperature at HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT whichHIMTself-sustaining
combustion HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
occurs.
Bonding: The connecting together of metal parts to ensure electrical continuity.
Cathodic
HIMT HIMT HIMT protection
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT: The HIMTprevention
corrosion
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
electrochemical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT techniques.
On
HIMT HIMT HIMTit may be applied
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeither externally
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto HIMTthe hull
HIMT orHIMT
HIMT internally to HIMT
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
surfaces
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of tanks. At terminals, it is frequently applied to steel piles and fender panels. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Clingage: Oil remaining on the walls of a pipe or on the internal surfaces of tanks
after
HIMTbulk
HIMT ofHIMTthe
HIMToilHIMT
hasHIMT
been removed.
Cold
HIMT HIMT HIMT work:
HIMT HIMT HIMTWork which
HIMT HIMT HIMTcannot
HIMT HIMTcreate a source
ignition.
Combustible (also referred to as ‘Flammable’): Capable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMTignited
being HIMT HIMTandHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
burning. For the purposes of this guide, the terms ‗combustible‘ and ‗flammable‘ are
synonymous.
Combustible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMT indicator:
HIMT HIMT HIMT AnHIMT
instrument
measuring
composition
hydrocarbon gas/air mixtures, usually giving the result as a percentage of the HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlower
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT (LFL).
Competent Person:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A person
HIMT HIMTwhoHIMThas
HIMTbeen adequately
HIMT HIMT trained
HIMT HIMT HIMT to undertake
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
tasks
HIMT HIMT HIMT theyHIMT
HIMT HIMT areHIMTrequired
HIMT HIMT toHIMT
perform within
HIMT HIMT HIMT their job HIMT
HIMT HIMT description. For HIMT
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
shipping HIMT HIMT
industry they HIMT HIMT HIMT
should beHIMT HIMTto
able HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
demonstrate this HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
competence byHIMTtheHIMT HIMT HIMT
production
HIMT HIMT HIMT of certificates
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT approved by the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAdministration.
HIMTvessel‘s HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT sharp
Corona: A diffuse discharge from a single HIMT HIMT conductor (less
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthan 5 mm
diameter) that slowly releases
HIMT HIMT HIMT
some of the available energy. Generally corona is incapable of igniting a gas likeHIMT HIMT HIMT
propane
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor
HIMTvapours
HIMT HIMT like those
HIMT given-off
HIMT HIMT byHIMT
HIMT HIMT gasoline.
HIMT HIMT Corona
HIMT HIMTmayHIMTignite vapours
HIMT HIMT likeHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
hydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT or acetylene,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT which
HIMTrequire
HIMT HIMTmuch lower
HIMT HIMT HIMT energies
HIMT HIMT for
HIMTignition.
Dangerous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT area: An HIMT
HIMT HIMT areaHIMT on HIMT
a tanker which
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor
HIMT the purposes
HIMT installation
HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
use of electrical equipment is regarded as dangerous.
Dry
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTchemical powder:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A HIMT
flameHIMTinhibiting
HIMT HIMT powder
HIMT HIMTused in fire
HIMT HIMT HIMTfighting.
Earthing
HIMT HIMT HIMT (also
HIMT HIMT HIMT referred
as HIMT
‘Grounding’):
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe HIMTelectrical connection
HIMT HIMT HIMT of equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT
toHIMT
theHIMT
mainHIMT HIMTof
body HIMTtheHIMT HIMTto
earth HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure thatHIMT
it isHIMT HIMT HIMT
at earth HIMT HIMT
potential. HIMT
On HIMT HIMT
board ship,HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
connection is made to the main metallic structure of the ship which is at earth
potential
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbecause of the
HIMT HIMT HIMT conductivity
the HIMT
sea.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Enclosed
HIMT HIMT HIMT space:
HIMT HIMT HIMT A space
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich
HIMT has
HIMT the
HIMTfollowing
HIMT HIMT HIMTcharacteristics:
• Limited
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOpenings
entryHIMT HIMT
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exit;
• Unfavourable natural ventilation; and
• Is
HIMT HIMT HIMT not
HIMT designed
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor HIMT continuous
HIMT HIMT HIMTworker occupancy.
This
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTincludes, but HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT is not limited
HIMT to,HIMT
HIMT HIMT cargo
HIMTspaces,
HIMT HIMTdouble
HIMT HIMTbottoms,
HIMT HIMTfuel
HIMT tanks,
HIMT HIMTballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tanks, pump rooms, compressor rooms, cofferdams, void spaces, duct keels, inter- HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
barrier spaces, engine crankcases and sewerage tanks.
Entry
HIMT HIMT HIMT permit:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AHIMT
document
HIMT HIMTissued
HIMT HIMTbyHIMTa HIMT
responsible person
HIMT HIMT HIMT allowing
HIMT HIMT entry
HIMT HIMT HIMTinto
HIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
space
HIMT HIMT HIMT or compartment
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT during
HIMTaHIMT
specific time
HIMT HIMT interval.
Explosimeter: as ‗Combustible
HIMT HIMT
same gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT indicator‘.
Explosion-proof (also referred to as ‘Flame-proof’): Electrical equipment is
defined
HIMT certified
HIMT HIMT HIMTas explosion-proof
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen HIMTit HIMT
is enclosed
a case which
HIMT HIMT HIMT isHIMT HIMT HIMT
capable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof withstanding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT explosion within
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTitHIMT
of HIMT
a hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas/air
HIMT HIMT mixture
other HIMT HIMT
specified HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable gasHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixture. It HIMT
must HIMT HIMTprevent
also HIMT HIMTtheHIMTignition
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
suchHIMTaHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixture outside the case either by spark or flame from the internal explosion or as a
result of the temperature rise of the case following the internal explosion. The
equipment must operate at such an external temperature that a

surrounding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT flammable
notHIMT
be ignited.
Explosive
HIMT HIMT HIMT range:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsame as flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT range except
HIMT HIMT HIMT that it is HIMT
HIMT HIMT referred as HIMT
HIMT HIMT LELHIMT
andHIMT HIMT HIMT
UEL
Flame arrester: A permeable matrix of metal, ceramic or other heat resisting
materials
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT can coolHIMT
HIMT HIMT a HIMT
deflagration
HIMT HIMT HIMT flame, andHIMTany
HIMT HIMT HIMTfollowing
HIMT HIMT HIMT combustion
products,
HIMT HIMT HIMT the
HIMT temperature
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT required
HIMT HIMTfor HIMTthe ignition
HIMT of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTflammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT gas onHIMT
other side of the arrester. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Flame screen: A portable or fitted device incorporating one or more corrosion
resistant
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwire woven
HIMT HIMT HIMTfabrics
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
very small
HIMT HIMT mesh which
HIMT HIMT is used
HIMT HIMT HIMT for
HIMTpreventing
HIMT HIMT HIMT sparks
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT entering a tank
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor vent
HIMT HIMT opening
HIMT HIMTor,HIMT for a short
HIMT time,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpreventing
passage
flame.
HIMT HIMT HIMT (Not
HIMT HIMT to HIMT
HIMT be confused withHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT ‗Flame arrester‘).
Flammable (also referred to as ‘Combustible’): Capable of being ignited and of
burning.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTFor
HIMTtheHIMTpurposes of this
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTguide
HIMT HIMTtheHIMT
terms
HIMT ‗flammable‘
HIMT HIMT HIMT and ‗combustible‘
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTareHIMT HIMT HIMT
synonymous.
Flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrange
HIMT HIMT(also
HIMT HIMTreferred
HIMT HIMTto HIMTas HIMT‘Explosive
HIMT HIMT HIMTrange’):
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT range
The HIMT HIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTin air
HIMT between the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT lower HIMTand
HIMT upper
HIMT HIMT flammable
(explosive) limits. Mixtures within this range are capable of being
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ignited andHIMTofHIMT HIMT HIMT
burning.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Normally
HIMT HIMT HIMTreferred as HIMT
HIMT HIMT LFL HIMTandHIMT
UFL. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
Flashpoint: HIMT HIMT
lowestHIMTtemperature
HIMT HIMT HIMTat HIMT HIMT a
which HIMT HIMTgives
liquid HIMT HIMToff HIMT HIMT HIMT
sufficient gas HIMT
to HIMT
formHIMT HIMT HIMT
a HIMT
HIMT HIMTgas HIMTmixture
HIMT HIMTnear the surface
HIMT liquid.
HIMT It is HIMT
HIMT HIMT measured
HIMT HIMT inHIMT
a laboratory
in standard apparatus using a prescribed procedure.
Flow
HIMT HIMT HIMT rate:HIMT
HIMT HIMT TheHIMTlinear velocity
HIMT HIMT of flow
HIMT HIMT HIMT of
HIMTliquid in a HIMT
HIMT HIMT pipeline,
HIMT HIMTmeasured
HIMT HIMT inHIMTmetres perHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
second (m/s). The determination of the Flow Rates at locations within cargo pipelineHIMT HIMT HIMT
systems
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTis essential
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhen handling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT static accumulator
HIMT HIMT cargoes.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(Also see HIMT
HIMT HIMT ‗Loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
rate‘).
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT (also
HIMT HIMT HIMTreferred to HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT as ‘Froth’):
HIMT HIMT HIMT AnHIMTaerated
HIMT HIMTsolution
HIMT HIMTwhich is HIMT
HIMT HIMT usedHIMT forHIMT
fireHIMT HIMT HIMT
prevention and fire fighting.
Foam
HIMT HIMT HIMT concentrate
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(also referred
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT toHIMTasHIMT
‘Foam compound’):
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe HIMTfull HIMT
strength
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquid
HIMT HIMT HIMT received
HIMT HIMT from
HIMT HIMT the
HIMT supplier
HIMT HIMT HIMT which is diluted
HIMT HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT processed to produce
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfoam.
Foam HIMT HIMT HIMT
solution: TheHIMT HIMT HIMT
mixture HIMT HIMT HIMT
produced HIMT HIMT foam
by diluting HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentrate HIMTwater
before processing to make foam.
Free
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT fall: TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT unrestricted
HIMT HIMT HIMTfallHIMT
of liquid intoHIMT
HIMT HIMT a tank.
Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfree: A tank,
HIMT HIMT compartment
container
HIMT HIMT isHIMT
gasHIMT
freeHIMT
whenHIMTsufficient fresh
HIMT hasHIMT HIMT HIMT
been HIMT HIMTinto
introduced HIMTitHIMT
to HIMT
lower HIMTtheHIMT HIMTofHIMT
level anyHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable, HIMT
toxic, orHIMT HIMT
inert gasHIMT
toHIMT
thatHIMT HIMT HIMT
required for a specific purpose, e.g. hot work, entry, etc.
Gas
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT free certificate:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT AHIMT
certificate
HIMT HIMT issued
HIMT HIMTby HIMTanHIMT
authorised
HIMT HIMT HIMT responsible
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
confirming
HIMT HIMT HIMT that,
HIMT HIMT HIMT atHIMT
HIMT the HIMT
timeHIMT
of testing,
HIMT HIMTaHIMT tank,HIMTcompartment
HIMT HIMT HIMT or HIMTcontainer wasHIMT
freeHIMT HIMT HIMT
for a specific purpose. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Grounding: See ‗Earthing‘.
Hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT area: AnHIMT
HIMT HIMT areaHIMT onHIMT
shore
HIMT which
HIMT HIMT forHIMT
theHIMT
purposes
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT installation andHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
use
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMTI HIMT
regarded
HIMT HIMT asHIMT
dangerous.
HIMT HIMT HIMTSuchHIMT hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMTareas areHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
graded into hazardous zones depending upon the probability of the presence of aHIMT HIMT HIMT
flammable gas mixture.
Hazardous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT task: A task
HIMT HIMT than ‗Hot
HIMT HIMTwork‘ which
HIMT HIMT HIMTpresents a hazard
the ship,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMTpersonnel,
performance
which needs
HIMT controlled
HIMT HIMT by HIMTaHIMT
riskHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTprocess
assessment HIMT HIMTsuch
HIMT HIMT
as aHIMT HIMT to
Permit HIMT HIMT HIMT
Work HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
system.
Hazardous zone: See ‗Hazardous area‘. Normally referred to Zone 0, Zone 1,
Zone 2

Hot
Work HIMT HIMT
involving HIMT HIMT
sources of HIMT HIMTor
ignition HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsufficiently
temperatures HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto
high HIMT HIMT the
cause HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition of a
flammable
HIMT HIMT HIMT mixture.
HIMT HIMTThis
HIMTincludes
HIMT HIMTany HIMTwork requiring
useHIMT
of welding, burning
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT soldering
equipment, HIMTtorches,
blow HIMT HIMTsome
HIMT HIMT
powerHIMT driven
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tools, HIMT HIMT
portable HIMT HIMT
electrical HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
equipment
which is not
intrinsically
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafe
HIMT orHIMT
contained
HIMT HIMTwithin
HIMT HIMTan HIMT
approved
HIMT HIMT explosion-proof
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT housing,
HIMT HIMTand
internal
HIMT HIMT HIMT combustion
engines.
Hot work permit: A document issued by a responsible person permitting specific
hot
HIMT HIMT HIMT work
HIMT HIMTto
HIMTbeHIMT
done HIMTduring a specific
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT time
HIMTinterval
HIMT HIMTinHIMTa defined
HIMT HIMTarea.
Hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas: HIMTAHIMT
gasHIMT
composed
HIMT HIMTentirely
HIMT HIMTofHIMThydrocarbons.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT condition:
Inert HIMT HIMT HIMT A HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT
condition whichHIMTthe
HIMToxygen
HIMT HIMTcontent
throughout theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
atmosphere
a tank
HIMT has
HIMT been reduced
8 per cent
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
lessHIMT
by HIMT
volume by the
addition of inert gas.
Inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas:
HIMT HIMTA gas
HIMT orHIMTa HIMT
mixture
HIMT of
HIMTgases, such
HIMT HIMT HIMT asHIMT
flueHIMT
gas,HIMTcontaining insufficient
oxygen toHIMT HIMT HIMT
support the HIMT HIMT HIMT of
combustion HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrocarbons.
Inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas plant:
HIMT HIMT HIMTAllHIMTequipment
HIMT HIMT HIMTfitted
HIMTtoHIMT
supply, cool,
HIMT HIMT clean,
HIMT pressurise,
HIMT HIMTand
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
control the delivery of inert gas to the cargo tank systems.
Inert
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT gas system
HIMT HIMT (IGS:
HIMT HIMT HIMTAn inert
HIMT HIMTgasHIMTplant andHIMT
HIMT HIMT inertHIMT
gasHIMTdistribution system
HIMT HIMT HIMT together
HIMT HIMT HIMT
with means for preventing backflow of cargo gases to the machinery spaces, fixed HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTportable
HIMT HIMTmeasuring
HIMT HIMT HIMT instruments
HIMT HIMT HIMT andHIMTcontrol
HIMT HIMTdevices.
Inerting:
HIMT HIMT HIMT introduction of inert
HIMT HIMT into HIMT
a tank HIMTwith
HIMTthe
HIMTobject of attaining
HIMT HIMT the HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT inertHIMT HIMT HIMT
condition.
Insulating flange: A flanged joint incorporating an insulating gasket, sleeves and
washers
HIMTprevent
HIMT HIMTcontinuity
HIMT HIMT HIMTbetween
HIMT HIMTship and
HIMT HIMTshore.
Interface
HIMT HIMT HIMT detector:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTAn electrical
HIMT HIMT HIMTinstrument
detecting
HIMT HIMT the boundary
HIMT between
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwater.
and HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
International Safety Management Code (ISM Code): An international standard for
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT safe
HIMT HIMTmanagement
operation
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
shipsHIMTandHIMTfor pollution
HIMT HIMT HIMT prevention.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTCode
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
establishes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsafety-management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT objectives andHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT requires a "Safety
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTManagement
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT(SMS)
System" HIMT HIMT to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTby
be established HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
"Company".
Intrinsically safe (Ex i): An electrical circuit or part of a circuit is intrinsically safe if
any
HIMT HIMT HIMT spark
HIMT or thermal
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeffect produced
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT normally
HIMT HIMT(i.e.
HIMT by
HIMTbreaking
HIMT HIMT or closing
HIMT theHIMT
HIMT HIMT circuit)
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
orHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT accidentally
HIMT HIMT HIMT(e.g.HIMTbyHIMT
short
HIMTcircuit or earth
HIMT HIMT fault)
HIMT HIMT isHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
incapable, underHIMTprescribed
HIMT HIMT HIMTtestHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
conditions, HIMT HIMTaHIMT
of igniting HIMT HIMT gas
prescribed HIMT mixture.
Loading over the top (also known as ‘Loading overall’): The loading of cargo or
ballast
HIMT HIMT HIMT through
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT an HIMT
open ended
HIMT pipeHIMT
HIMT HIMT or by
HIMTmeans
HIMT HIMT of HIMT
an open ended
HIMT HIMT HIMThose entering
HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
tank
HIMT HIMTaHIMThatchHIMTor other
HIMT HIMTdeck opening,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTresulting
HIMT HIMTinHIMT
the HIMT
freeHIMT
fall of liquid.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTrate:
Loading HIMT HIMT The HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
volumetric HIMT HIMT
measure of HIMT
liquid HIMT HIMT HIMT
loaded HIMTaHIMT
within HIMTperiod,
given HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
usually expressed as cubic metres per hour (m3/hr) or barrels per hour (bbls/hr).
Lower
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT limit (LFL):
HIMT The
HIMT HIMT concentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMT
in air,
HIMTbelow
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
which
HIMT HIMT HIMT there
insufficient
HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTto support
HIMT HIMT and
HIMTpropagate
HIMT HIMT HIMTcombustion.
Sometimes HIMT HIMT
referred toHIMT HIMT HIMT
as lower HIMT HIMTlimit
explosive HIMT (LEL).
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): A document identifying the substance and all
its constituents, providing the recipient with all necessary information to safely

manage
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtheHIMTsubstance.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
HIMTformat and
HIMT HIMT content
HIMT of HIMT
HIMT HIMT an MSDS
HIMT HIMTforHIMT
MARPOL
HIMT HIMTAnnex I HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTMarine
HIMT HIMT Fuel
HIMTOils
HIMT is prescribed
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT in IMO
HIMT Resolution
HIMT HIMT HIMT MSC.150 (77).HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
Mercaptans: HIMT HIMT
A group HIMT HIMT HIMT
of naturally HIMT HIMT
occurring HIMT HIMT
sulphur HIMT HIMT HIMT
containing HIMT chemicals.
organic HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
They are present in some crude oils and in pentane plus cargoes. They have a
strong
HIMT HIMT HIMT odour.
Naked
HIMT HIMT HIMT lights:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOpen
HIMTflames
HIMT HIMT orHIMT
fires,
HIMT lighted cigarettes,
HIMT HIMT cigars,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpipes or similar
smoking materials, any other HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
unconfined sources of ignition, electrical and other equipment liable to cause
sparking
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwhile in use,
unprotected
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT light
HIMTbulbs
HIMT HIMTor any
HIMT surface
HIMT HIMTwith a temperature
HIMTisHIMT
equalHIMTtoHIMT
or higher
than the minimum HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ignition temperature of the products handled in the operation.
Non-volatile
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT petroleum:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Petroleum
HIMT HIMT having
HIMT HIMTa flash point
60ºC orHIMT
HIMT above,
HIMT as
determined
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT byHIMT
theHIMT
closedHIMTcupHIMT method
HIMT HIMTof test.
Odour HIMT HIMT HIMT
threshold: The HIMT HIMT HIMT
lowest HIMT HIMT HIMT
concentration ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour in airHIMT HIMT can
which HIMT be
HIMTdetected
byHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT smell.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTanalyser/meter:
Oxygen HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT An instrument
HIMT HIMT HIMT for determining
percentage
HIMT HIMT HIMTof oxygen
inHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT a sample
HIMT HIMTofHIMT
the HIMT
atmosphere
HIMT HIMT HIMTdrawn
HIMTfrom a tank,
HIMT HIMT HIMTpipe
HIMT or
HIMT compartment.
Packaged HIMT HIMT
cargo: HIMT HIMT or
Petroleum HIMT HIMT cargo
other HIMT HIMTin HIMT
drums,HIMTpackages
otherHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
containers.
Pellister:
HIMT HIMT HIMT An HIMT
HIMT HIMT sensor unitHIMT
HIMT HIMT fitted in HIMT
HIMT a flammable gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT detector forHIMT
HIMT HIMT measuring
hydrocarbon vapours and
airHIMT
HIMT HIMTwithin the HIMT
HIMT HIMT flammable
HIMT HIMTrange.
Permit: A document issued by a responsible HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTperson
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
which HIMTwork
allows HIMT HIMT
to beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
performed
HIMT HIMT HIMT in compliance
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTwith HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTvessel‘s
HIMT HIMT Safety Management
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System
Permit
work HIMTsystem:
HIMT HIMT A system
HIMT forHIMT
HIMT HIMT controlling
HIMT HIMTactivities that HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT expose the ship,
personnel and the environment to hazard. The system will provide risk assessment
techniques
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTand apply
HIMT HIMT them
HIMT HIMTto the
HIMTvarying
HIMT HIMTlevels of risk
HIMT HIMT HIMTthat
HIMT may be experienced.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTTheHIMT HIMT HIMT
system
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTshould conform
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMT
a recognised
HIMT HIMT HIMT industry guideline.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCrude
Petroleum: HIMT HIMToil HIMT
andHIMT HIMT
liquid HIMT HIMT HIMTproducts
hydrocarbon HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from
derived HIMT HIMT
it. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Petroleum gas: A gas evolved from petroleum. The main constituents of petroleum
gases
HIMT HIMT hydrocarbons,
HIMT HIMT HIMTbut HIMTthey
HIMTmay alsoHIMT
HIMT HIMT contain other
HIMT HIMT HIMTsubstances,
HIMT HIMT HIMT such
HIMTasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
hydrogen
HIMT HIMT HIMT sulphide
HIMT HIMT HIMT or lead
HIMT HIMT alkyls,
HIMT HIMT HIMTas
HIMTminor
HIMT constituents.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTOil
Phase: HIMT
is HIMT HIMT HIMT to
considered HIMT HIMTthree
have HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
phases HIMT HIMT
in which HIMTexist
it can HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTon
depending HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the grade of oil and its
temperature.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTThe HIMT three
HIMT HIMT phases areHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMTsolidHIMT
phase, the HIMT
HIMT HIMT liquid phase
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT theHIMT
vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
phase.
HIMT HIMT HIMT The
phases doHIMT
notHIMT
existHIMT
in HIMT HIMT HIMT
isolation andHIMT HIMT HIMTmust
operators HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
manage the HIMT HIMT HIMT
carriage HIMT
of oil HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
with
an understanding
ofHIMT
combinations
the HIMT
phasesHIMT of
HIMT oilHIMT
in the
HIMTcargo being
HIMT HIMT HIMTcarried.
Pour
HIMT HIMT HIMT point:
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe
HIMT lowest
HIMT HIMT HIMTatHIMT which
HIMTa petroleum
HIMT HIMT HIMT oil
HIMTwill remain
HIMT HIMT HIMTfluid.
Pressure surge: A sudden increase in the pressure of the liquid in a pipelineHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
brought about by an abrupt change in flow rate.
Pressure/vacuum
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT relief
HIMTvalve (P/V
HIMT HIMT HIMTvalve):
HIMT HIMT A HIMT
deviceHIMTwhich provides
theHIMT
flowHIMT
of HIMT HIMT HIMT
the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsmall
HIMT volumes of vapour,
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTair orHIMT
HIMT inertHIMTgasHIMTmixtures
HIMT HIMTcaused
HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
thermal variations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTinHIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT
a HIMT
cargoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
tank.
Purging: The introduction of inert gas into a tank already in the inert condition with
the object of:
(1) further reducing the existing oxygen content; and/or

(2)
HIMT HIMT HIMT reducing
HIMT HIMT HIMTthe HIMT existing
HIMT HIMThydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMTgas HIMTcontent
HIMT HIMTto a level
HIMT below
HIMT HIMT HIMTwhich combustion
cannot
HIMT HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
supported if airHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
is subsequently HIMT HIMT HIMT
introduced into HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
the tank.
Pyrophoric iron sulphide: Iron sulphide capable of a rapid exothermic oxidation
causing
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT incandescence
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT whenHIMT exposed
HIMT HIMT HIMT to air and
HIMT potential
HIMT HIMT HIMTignition
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
flammable
hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgas/air
HIMT HIMT mixtures.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT vapour
Reid HIMT HIMT pressure
(RVP): The HIMT HIMT HIMT
vapour HIMT HIMT
pressure ofHIMT HIMT HIMT
a liquid HIMT HIMT in
determined HIMT
standard manner in the Reid apparatus at a temperature of 37.8ºC and with a ratio of
gas
HIMT liquid
HIMTvolume
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
4:1.HIMTUsed
HIMTfor comparison
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT purposes
HIMT HIMTonly.
Relaxation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT time: TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT time taken
HIMT HIMT forHIMTaHIMT
static charge
HIMT to HIMT
HIMT HIMT relaxHIMTor dissipate from
HIMT HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
liquid. This time is typically one half minute for static accumulator liquids. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Responsible officer (or person): A person appointed by the employer or the
master
the ship andHIMT
HIMT HIMT empowered
HIMT HIMT HIMTto take
HIMT all
HIMTdecisions relating
HIMT HIMT HIMT to a HIMT
HIMT HIMT specific task,HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
having
HIMT HIMT necessary
HIMT HIMT knowledge
HIMT HIMT HIMTand HIMTexperience
that purpose.
Resuscitator: HIMT HIMT HIMT
Equipment HIMT HIMT
to assist HIMT HIMTthe
or restore HIMTbreathing
of personnel HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
overcome
byHIMT
or HIMT
lackHIMTof oxygen.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT System
Safety Management (SMS):
HIMT HIMT HIMT A formal
HIMT HIMT documented
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT system, required
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTbyHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
ISM
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTCode,
HIMT HIMTcompliance withHIMT
HIMT will
HIMTensure
HIMT HIMT that
HIMTall operations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMT
activities
onboard shipHIMT
areHIMT HIMT HIMT
carried out HIMT
in a HIMT
safeHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
manner.
Settling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtime:
HIMT HIMTThe time
HIMT HIMTit HIMT
takesHIMT forHIMT
tank contents
stop moving
HIMT HIMT HIMTonce
HIMTfilling hasHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT
stopped. The movement can be because of thermal currents, solids and/or water
settling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorHIMT
of gas
HIMTbubbles
HIMT HIMTrising.
HIMT HIMT Typically
HIMT HIMTthis
HIMTtime
HIMT is 30HIMT
HIMT minutes.
SOLAS: The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
as amended
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtime to time.
Sounding
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpipe:
HIMTA pipe
HIMT extending
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTfromHIMT
theHIMT
topHIMT
of the
HIMTtank
HIMTtoHIMTtheHIMT
bottom through
which
HIMT HIMT contents of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTtank can HIMT
HIMT HIMT be measured.
HIMT HIMT HIMT TheHIMTpipe
HIMTisHIMT
usually perforated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtoHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ensure the level of liquid in the pipe is the same as the
level
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof
HIMTliquid
HIMT in
HIMTthe body
HIMT HIMTof theHIMT
HIMT tank and
HIMT toHIMT
HIMT prevent the HIMT
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
spillages.
HIMT HIMTThe
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
pipe
HIMT HIMT beHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
electrically to the
HIMT HIMT
bonded HIMTship‘s
HIMT HIMTstructure
HIMT HIMT atHIMT
theHIMT
deck and
HIMT atHIMT
HIMT its lower end.
Sour crude oil: A crude oil containing appreciable amounts of hydrogen sulphide
and/or
HIMT HIMT HIMT mercaptans.
Spontaneous
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT combustion:
HIMT HIMT HIMTThe HIMT ignition
HIMT HIMTof material
HIMT HIMT HIMTbrought
HIMT HIMT about by aHIMT
HIMT HIMT heat HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
producing HIMT HIMT HIMT
(exothermic) HIMT HIMT
chemical HIMT HIMTwithin
reaction HIMT HIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
material HIMT
itself HIMT HIMT
without HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
exposure
to an external source of ignition.
Spread
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT loading: TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT practice of loading
number of tanks
HIMT HIMT simultaneously
HIMT HIMT to HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
reduce
HIMT HIMT velocity of the
HIMT HIMT HIMTcargo
HIMT HIMTin the
HIMTpipelines serving
HIMT to
HIMTavoid
static HIMT HIMT
electricity HIMT HIMT HIMT
generation whenHIMT HIMT HIMT
loading HIMT HIMT
static HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
accumulator
cargoes.
Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT accumulator
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT oil:
HIMTAn oilHIMT
HIMT with anHIMT
HIMT electrical
HIMT HIMTconductivity
HIMT HIMT HIMT less than
HIMT HIMT50HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
picoSiemens/metre
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (pS/m),
HIMT HIMTsoHIMT
thatHIMT
it isHIMT
capable of retaining
HIMT HIMT a significant
HIMT HIMT HIMT electrostatic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
charge.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Static electricity: The electricity produced by dissimilar materials through physical
contact
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTandHIMTseparation.
Static
HIMT HIMT HIMT non-accumulator
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToil: HIMT An
HIMToil with
HIMT HIMTanHIMT
electrical
HIMT HIMT conductivity
HIMT HIMT HIMT greater
HIMT HIMT than
HIMT50
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
picoSiemens/metre HIMT HIMT
(pS/m), HIMT renders
which HIMT HIMT itHIMT HIMT HIMTof
incapable HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
retaining HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
significant
electrostatic charge.
Stripping: The final operation in draining liquid from a tank or pipeline.

Tanker:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A ship
HIMT designed
HIMT HIMT HIMT to HIMTcarry
HIMT liquid petroleum
HIMT HIMTin HIMT
bulk,HIMT
including
HIMT HIMT a HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
combination
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTcarrier,
HIMT HIMTorHIMT
liquid
HIMTchemical
HIMT HIMT cargo in HIMT
HIMT HIMT bulkHIMTwhenHIMTbeing used
HIMT HIMT HIMTfor this
purpose.
Tank cleaning: The process of removing hydrocarbon vapours, liquid or residue
from
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTtanks. Usually
HIMT HIMT carried
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMToutHIMT
so that
HIMT tanks can
HIMT HIMT beHIMT
HIMT entered for inspection
hotHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
work.
Terminal: HIMT HIMT
A place HIMT HIMT
where tankersHIMT are
HIMTberthed
HIMT HIMTor
HIMT HIMT HIMT
moored forHIMT
theHIMT HIMT HIMT
purpose HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
of loading
or discharging petroleum
cargo.
Terminal
HIMT HIMT HIMT representative:
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT A person
HIMT HIMT designated byHIMT
terminal to take
HIMT HIMT HIMT responsibility
for an operation or duty. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Threshold Limit Value (TLV): Airborne concentrations of substances usually
expressed
HIMT HIMT HIMT in parts
HIMT HIMT HIMT perHIMT
HIMT HIMT million
HIMT(ppm),
HIMT HIMT under which
is believed
HIMT HIMTthatHIMT nearly
HIMT HIMT allHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
workers
HIMTbe exposed
HIMT HIMT HIMTday HIMTafter dayHIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
no HIMT
adverse effect.
HIMT HIMT HIMTTLV's areHIMT
HIMT HIMT advisory
HIMT HIMT HIMT
exposure guidelines, not legal standards, that are based on industrial experienceHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTstudies.
There areHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT three different
HIMT HIMT HIMT types of TLV's:
• Time
HIMT HIMT HIMT Weighted
HIMT HIMT Average
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (TLV-TWA) — the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTairborne concentrations
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a toxic
substance HIMT HIMTover
averaged HIMT anHIMT 8 HIMT
hourHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
period.
• Short
HIMT HIMT HIMT Term
HIMT HIMT Exposure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT Limit (TLV-STEL)
HIMT HIMT — the
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTairborne concentration
a toxic
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
substance averaged over any 15 minute period, limited to not more than four
exposures
HIMT HIMT HIMT in 24
HIMT HIMT HIMT hours
HIMT andHIMT
HIMT HIMT withHIMT
a minimum of 1HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT hour interval
HIMT HIMT HIMT between each
exposure. HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
• Ceiling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT (TLV-C) – The
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT concentration
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTthat HIMT
should
HIMTnot
HIMTbeHIMTexceeded during
HIMTpart
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
ofHIMT
working exposure.
Topping
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT off: TheHIMT
HIMT HIMT operation
HIMT HIMT ofHIMT
completing the loading
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTof a tank
HIMT to aHIMT
HIMT HIMT required
HIMT HIMTullage.
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
Topping up: The introduction of inert gas into a tank which is already in the inert
condition
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT with the HIMT
HIMT HIMT objectHIMT ofHIMT
raising
HIMT the
HIMTtank pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT anyHIMT ingress
HIMT HIMTof air.HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
Toxicity:
HIMT HIMT HIMT degree to which
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTa substance or HIMT
HIMT of
HIMTsubstances
HIMT HIMT HIMTcanHIMTharm
humans
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor animals.
HIMT HIMT HIMT‗Acute
HIMT HIMT toxicity‘ involves
HIMT HIMT harmful
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTeffects to an
HIMT HIMT organism
HIMT HIMT HIMT through
a single short term exposure. ‗Chronic toxicity‘ is the ability of a substance or
mixture
HIMT HIMT substances to cause
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTharmful effects
HIMT HIMT overHIMT
HIMT HIMT an HIMT
extended
HIMT HIMTperiod, usually
upon
HIMT HIMT HIMT repeated
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTor continuous
HIMT HIMT HIMTexposure, sometimes
HIMT HIMT HIMT lasting
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTforHIMTthe entire
HIMT life of
HIMT HIMT theHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTorganism.
exposed HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
True vapour pressure (TVP): The true vapour pressure of a liquid is the absolute
pressure
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTexerted
HIMT HIMTby HIMTthe
HIMTgasHIMTproduced
HIMT HIMT byevaporation
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT from
HIMTaHIMTliquid
HIMTwhen gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT andHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
liquid
HIMT HIMT in equilibrium
HIMT HIMT HIMTat the
HIMTprevailing
HIMT HIMT HIMTtemperature.
Ullage: HIMTspace
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
above the HIMT
liquidHIMT
in HIMT HIMTconventionally
a tank, HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT as
measured HIMTthe
distance from the calibration
point
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT to the
HIMT HIMTliquid
HIMT surface.
Upper
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlimit
HIMT(UFL):
HIMT HIMT The concentration
HIMTa hydrocarbon
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTgasHIMTin air
HIMTabove
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
which there is insufficient oxygen to support and propagate combustion. Sometimes HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
referred to as upper explosive limit (UEL).
Vapour:
HIMT HIMT HIMT A gas
HIMT its critical
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT temperature.
Vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTemission control
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTsystem (VECS):
HIMT HIMT AnHIMT
HIMT HIMT arrangement
piping
HIMTand
equipment usedHIMT
toHIMT HIMT HIMT
control vapour HIMTemissions
during HIMToperations,
tanker HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT ship
including HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
and shore vapour collection systems, monitoring and control devices and vapour
processing arrangements.

Vapour
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTlock
HIMT system: Equipment
HIMT HIMT HIMT fittedHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT to a tank
HIMT toHIMT
HIMT enable the measuring
HIMT HIMT and
sampling
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT of cargoes
HIMT HIMT HIMTwithout
HIMT HIMTrelease
HIMT HIMTof HIMT
vapour/inert gasHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMTpetroleum:
Volatile HIMT HIMT HIMTPetroleum,
having HIMT HIMT
a flash HIMT
point HIMT HIMT
below 60ºCHIMT
asHIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
determined by HIMT HIMT HIMT
the closed cup method of testing.
Water
HIMT HIMT HIMT fog:
HIMT HIMT A HIMT
HIMT suspension
HIMT HIMT in theHIMT
HIMT atmosphere of HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT veryHIMT
fineHIMT
droplets of water
HIMT HIMT usually
delivered
HIMT HIMT HIMT at a HIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT highHIMT
pressure
through a HIMT
fog HIMT
nozzleHIMTfor
HIMT
useHIMT
inHIMT
fire HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT HIMT
fighting.
Water spray: A suspension in the atmosphere of water divided into coarse drops by
delivery
HIMT HIMTa HIMT
special
nozzle
HIMT HIMT useHIMT
in fire fighting.
Work permit: A document issued by a responsible person permitting specific work to
beHIMT
HIMT HIMT HIMT done,
HIMTin a defined
HIMT HIMT HIMTarea, during
HIMT HIMT HIMTaHIMT
specified time
HIMT HIMT HIMTperiod.

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BASIC TRAINING FOR OIL AND CHEMICAL TANKER

CARGO OPERATIONS COURSE

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Crude oil is processed in several

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cords for audit purposes.