1.

INTRODUCTION:-

1.1-Extraction:-
The extraction units included in this section have been classifi ed into three
categories:
- liquid-liquid extraction plants.
- solid-liquid extraction plants.
- multifunction extraction plants.
The “liquid/liquid” category includes the unit mod. ULL/EV available only
in manual version, with essential instruments, but it enables to elaborate on
the issues concerning liquid/liquid extraction easily.
The only difference between the lines mod. LL/EV and mod. LL1/EV
concerns the type of used column (with rotating discs and with packing,
respectively); they are available in manual version, manual version with data
logging and in automated version, and they use process instruments of
industrial type.
This section has also been enriched with an equipment, mod. LEA/EV, that
enables to study the equilibrium of ternary liquid mixtures and to determine
experimental data that can be used in the tests with the extraction plants.
As regards the “solid/liquid” category, the line SL/EV is available in manual
and automated versions and the plants of this line use process instruments of
industrial type.
At last, the “multifunction” category includes polyfunctional units:
- the unit mod. UESL/EV enables to carry out both liquid/liquid and
solid/liquid batch extraction and to recover the solvent by distillation;
- the line mod. LLD/EV, available in manual version, manual version with
data logging and in automated version, is the result of the combination of a
liquid/liquid extraction unit and of a distillation plant.
1.2-The purpose of the experiment:-
This unit enables to deepen the following issues:
 Liquid / liquid extraction
 Solid / liquid extraction
 Extraction efficiency
 Mass balance
 Exercises on 3-component systems (e.g.: extraction of oil from soybean
laminate with hexane)

1.3-Reasons to use extraction:-

 Separation not feasible by distillation
 Break azeotropes
 Energy requirements of distillation are prohibitive
 A complex distillation sequence is required
 The material is heat sensitive
 The material is non-volatile

The general rule: If a separation can be made economically by distillation,

there is no reason to consider extraction. However, in situations where
distillation is not feasible for reasons such as a complex process sequence,
high investment or operating costs, heat sensitive materials, or low volatility,
extraction is often the best technology to use.

2.General Composition:-
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The IC47D system allows the following extraction
processes to be studied:
• liquid/solid extraction (D1 configuration)
• liquid/Iiquid extraction with heavier extracting solvent (D2 configuration)
• liquid/liquid extraction with lighter extracting solvent (D3 configuration )

2.1-

Description:-
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The IC47D system is made up by a reservoir A where the extracting solvent
is loaded; the solvent is then vaporised by means of an electrical heater. The
vapors in column B undergo partial rectification; the pure solvent vapors are
subsequently condensed in C and the liquid eventually reaches the extractor
D whic
h contains the phase from which the compound has to be extracted. A
gravity-driven
dram brings the solvent containing the extracted compound back to A,
thereby allowing closed loop operations long enough to achieve the desired
extraction.
The system is manufactured in borosilicate glass which allows it to be used
with any kind of solvent. It is assembled on anticorrosion metal structure.
The system is well suited to operate under vacuum (Code 991110).

2.2- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:-

Basic plant :-
• Extracting solvent A working capacity: about 10 liters.

• Extractors D1, D2, D3 worki ng capacity: about 3 liters each.

• Heating skirt: 2 kW power.

• Evaporation temperature contro l system; submerged temperature sensor

(H) adjusts an electric feeder of heating (F).

• Solvent condensation by means of mains water supply.

• Feeding tank (10 l capacity).

• Anticorrosion material frame.

OPTIONALS:-
Vacuum production device - Code 991110
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It allows to create vacuum conditions in different parts of the system, to be
able to work with heat-sensitive organic substances.

With this optional, the system requires about 3 kW electrical supply.

The device includes:

• rotary vacuum pump, complete with accessories and lubrication oil;

• high-precision electronic vacuum control device;

• vacuum trap;

• manifold for vacuum distribution.

Automatic Data Acquisition System SAD/IC47D

The Data Acquisition System SAD/IC47D enables to collect and anal yse, in
real time, data from the Extraction Plant, through a Personal Computer. So it
allows to monitor the plant and it is a useful tool to per form the necessary
experiments. The system is composed of:

• Electronic transducer and signal conditioning kit (code 914347);

• Data acquisition and analysis software (code 914348).

The electronic transducer and signal conditioning unit, of industr ial type,
includes electronic transducers for the acquisition of the following
quantities:

• boiling temperature (T1) of the solution (containing the extracting solvent);

• extracting solvent vapor temperature (T2);

• extraction temperature (T3).

The A/D conversion card includes 16 channel s of analog input for the signal
conversion supplied by the conditioning unit to correspondent digital
signals.

The card can be connected to a Personal

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Computer through the USB serial port.

The Acquisition and Analysis Software (code 914348) operates under MS-
Windows and allows to acquire on a Persona Computer all the quantities

considered during the tests, to process them and to produce diagrams for a
thorough understanding of the process and the problems associated with
system operation. Furthermore, it makes it possible to save the data and the
diagrams obtained on a disk.

The system can be used with:

• IBM or compatible PC, min. Pentium, with Hard Disk, SVGA or better
graphic board, Mouse, 8 MB RAM min., one USB serial port;

• Graphic printer;

• MS-Windows software (XP or later version).

2.3- REQUIRED UTILITIES :-

(Provided by the customer)

 Power supply: 400 Vac 50 Hz three-phase - 3 kVA (Other voltage and

frequency under request)
 Tap water: 250 l/h @ 2 bar (valve with ½” hose connector)
 Water drain
 Fume suction system