NON-RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

TRIGONOMETRY

1 a A b A .--------~
31km
B

C
C
Area= ½acsin B
Area= ½besin A
= ½X 9 X 10 X sin 40°
= ½X 25 X 31 X sin 82°
~ 28.9 cm 2
~ 384 km 2
C A

5m

goo
C 8m B

The triangle is right angled at C.

Area = ½(base x height)
=½x8x5
= 20 m 2

a 9.7cm B b A
A
140°
B

C C

Area= ½bcsinA
Area = ½absin C
= ½X 6 X 9. 7 X sin 140°
~ 18.7 cm 2 = ½x 6. 4 x 10. 2 x sin ,¥
~ 28.3 cm 2
372 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9A

C B

A
13m
C

Using the sides adjacent to the included

angle,
area = ½ac sin B
= ½ x 15 x 8 x sin f
~ 52.0 m 2

2
3 Area= 150 cm A
:. ½acsin B = 150
... ½ X X X 17 X sin 68° = 150
2 X 150
• •
•
x=----
17 x sin 68°
.". X ~ 19.0

4 a A b A

21cm

60° 60°
C .___----~ B
C B
An equilateral triangle has all sides and
Area= ½bcsinA angles equal.
= ½ X 21 X 21 X sin 49° Area= ½absinC
~ 166 cm 2 = ½ X 57 X 57 X sin 60°
~ 1410 cm 2

5 Area = 2 x area of DABC

= 2 x ½bcsinA
= 2 X ½X 4 X 6 X sin 52°
~ 18.9 cm 2
A 6cm B

6 Area = 2 x area of DABC C,-----+------,

••
•
••
••
= 2 x ½bcsinA ••
••
••
= 2 X ½ X 12 X 12 X sin 72° 12cm ••
••
••
•
••
~ 137 cm 2 ••
•
••
••
A B
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9A 373

7 a Area of DPQR = ½pqsinR Q

= ½x 14x 17xsin37°
••
•
~ 71.616 m 2
\•• hm
• p
b Let the length from Q to [RP] be h m.
Area of DPQR = ½x base x height
R
... 71.616 ~ ½x 17 x h
• h ~ 71.616
•• .!, X 17
2
:. h~8.43
So the length of the altitude from Q to [RP] is about 8.43 m.

8 Area = 6 x area of one triangle 12 cm 60°

= 6 X ½X 12 X 12 X sin 60°
~ 374 cm 2

9 Let the side length be x cm.

Area = 2 x area of one triangle
= 2 X ½X X X X X sin 63 °
: . x 2 sin 63° = 50 A
.
• •
x2 = 50
sin 63°

50
• •• X = {x > O}
sin 63°
:. X ~ 7.49
So, the sides are approximately 7.49 cm long.

338
10 Area of one triangle = m2 A A
5
Let the side length of the triangle be x m.
......
,. ., .,
.........-..-
I • • •

xm
1 338 o,,, '\
•• • -2 X X X X X sin 72° = 5 •••
• • • ••
••
••• ••
••
•
2 2 X 338
• •• X =---- 0
5 x sin 72° 360°---;-
5=72°
2 X 338
• •• X = {x > O}
5 x sin 72°
.°. X ~ 11.9
So, OA ~ 11.9 m
374 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9A

11 a If the included angle is 0, then ½x 5 x 8 x sin 0 = 15

: . 20 sin 0 = 15
.
.". Sln
0 15
= 20 =4 3

Now sin- 1
(¾)~ 48.6°
:. 0 ~ 48.6° or (180 - 48.6) 0
: . 0 ~ 48.6° or 131.4°

131.4°
8cm 8cm

b If the included angle is 0, then ½x 45 x 53 x sin 0 = 800

. 800 2
X
•
• •Sln 0 = ---
45 X 53

Now sin -1 ( soo x 2)

45 X 53
r-v
r-v
42 • 1o
:. 0 ~ 42.1 ° or (180 - 42.1) 0
... 0 ~ 42.1 ° or 137.9°

42.1° 137.9°
53km 53km

1i Each coin is made up of 12 triangles.

Let half the length of a diagonal of a coin be r.
Total area of 8 coins = 8 x 12 x ½x r x r x sin 30°
= 48r 2 (½)
2
= 24r r

Area of $5 note= (4 x 2r) x (2 x 2r)

= 8r x 4r
= 32r 2
. 24r 2
Fraction covered = r2
32
-43
•
• • ¼is not covered .
13 a Shaded area
= area of sector - area of triangle
= ½x 1.5 x 12 2
- ½x 12 x 12 x sin 1.5c 12cm
~ 36.2 cm 2
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9A 375

b Shaded area
= area of triangle - area of sector
12cm
= ½x 12 x (12 + 18) x sin0.66c ½X 0.66 X 122 0.66c
~ 62.8 cm 2
18 cm

c Shaded area
= area of sector - area of triangle
= 1~g X 7r X 7
2
- ½X 7 X 7 X sin 135° 135°
7mm
~ 40.4 mm 2

d 6BCD is an equilateral triangle. B

Shaded area
= area of 6BCD + area of 6ABD - area of 6ACD A
= ½X 8 X 8 X sin 60° + ½X 5 X 8 X sin 35°
5cm 35°
- ½X 5 X 8 X sin 95°
~ 19.3 cm 2
D

14 Area of segment AXBD D

= area of sector ACBD - area of 6ACB E
= 1~g 2
X 7r X 7.3 - ½X 7.3 X 7.3 X sin 100°
A ··--------------------·---·x· --·----·-----·---------·-- B
~ 20.264 cm 2

Area of segment AXBE

= area of sector AFBE - area of 6AFB
8 2
= 36°0 X 7r X 8.7 - ½X 8.7 X 8.7 X sin80°
~ 15.572 cm 2
F
Shaded area = area of segment AXBD - area of segment AXBE
~ 20.264 - 15.572
~ 4.69 cm 2
376 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B

15 ------B We draw diameter [BX] and line segment [CX].

Now 01 = 02 { angles subtended by the same arc}
-
•
•
••
•
•
:'r
•• and BCX = 90° {angle in a semi-circle}
••
•
•
,: a Area of .6ABC = ½bcsin0 1
••
-
•••
•

= ½bcsin02
•••
•
A -:--
= lbc
2
x a
:' b
••
BX
.0
.. 2 ..
..........
..........
•• .. • • .. • • l a
-·· = 2 bc x -
2r
abc
4r

1 a Let the remaining side have length x cm.

By the cosine rule: 15cm
105°
x 2 = 212 + 152 - 2 X 21 X 15 X COS 105°

:. x=J21 2 +15 2 -2x2lxl5xcosl05° {as x>O} 21cm

.". X ~ 28.8
The remaining side is about 28.8 cm in length.
b Let the remaining side have length x km.
By the cosine rule:
x 2 = 6.32 + 4.8 2 - 2 X 6.3 X 4.8 X COS 32°

:. x = J6.3 2 + 4.8 2 - 2 x 6.3 x 4.8 x cos32° {as x > O}

.". X ~ 3.38

The remaining side is about 3.38 km in length.

c Let the remaining side have length x m.
By the cosine rule:
x 2 = 6.22 + 14.82 - 2 X 6.2 X 14.8 X COS 72°
:. x = J6.2 2 + 14.82 - 2 x 6.2 x 14.8 x cos 72° {as x > O}
.". X ~ 14.2
14.8m
The remaining side is about 14.2 m in length.

42 + 52 - 52
a By the cosine rule: cos0=----
2x4x5
_.. 0 = cos-1 42 + 52 - 52
2x4x5
: . 0 = cos- 1
( fo) 61n

• •
• 0 ~ 82.8°
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B 377

6 2 + 112 - 92
b By the cosine rule: cos0=-----
2 X 6 X 11

.'. B=cos-1 52+112_92

2 X 6 X 11

.'. 0 = cos-1 ( 17362

)
• 0
• •
~ 54.8° 11cm

72 + 102 - 132
c By the cosine rule: cos0=-----
2 X 7 X 10
.'. 0 = cos-1 72 + 102 - 132 7m
2 X 7 X 10
0
.. . 0 = cos - 1 ( - 12400
) 101n
.'. 0~98.2°

3 By the cosine rule: By the cosine rule:

C
,,,..__
122 + 132 -11 2 ,,...._
132 + 112 - 122
cosBAC = cos ABC=
2 X 12 X 13 2 X 13 X 11
,,,..__ ,,,..__
• BAC = cos- 1 ( 192) • 1
• • 312 • • ABC= cos- (~:~)
,,,..__ ,,...._
•
• • BAC ~ 52.0° •
• • ABC~ 59.3°
,,,..__ ,,,..__ ,,,..__
AL---------~B
Also, ACB = 180° - BAC - ABC 13cm
~ 180° - 52.0° - 59.3°
,,,..__
:. ACB ~ 68.7°

,,,..__ 52 + 72 - 102 p
a cosPQR = ---- ..-........
2x5x7
• PQ,,,..__
R = cos - l (- ~)
• • ,,,..__ 70
.•. PQR ~ 112°
'-----;;-=--__.;,:a. R
b Area of 6PQR ~ ½x 5 x 7 x sin112° Q 7cm
~ 16.2 cm 2

5 a b
7cm

17cm 9cm

The smallest angle is opposite the shortest The largest angle is opposite the longest
side. side.
By the cosine rule: By the cosine rule:
132 + 172 - 112 42 + 72 - 92
cos 0 = ------ cos¢=----
2 X 13 X 17 2x4x7
. 0 = cos-1 ( 337)
•• 442 • A.= cos- 1 (-12)
•• '+' 56
~ 40.3° ~ 106.6°
The smallest angle measures about 40.3°. The largest angle measures about 107°.
378 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B

22 + 52 - 42
6 a By the cosine rule: cos0=----
2x2x5
2cn1
••• cos0=~=0.65
20
b By the cosine rule: 4cm
1cm
x 2 = 5 2 + 32 - 2 X 5 X 3 X COS 0
xcm
:. x= ✓5 2 +3 2 -2x5x3x0.65 {as x>O}
.'. X ~ 3.81

2 ..
7 a Area= 11.6 m ••• •••
••• •••
.•. ½x 6 x 4 x sin 0 = 11.6 :• •
•• ••
•.
• ••
. e 11.6 / \6 m
••• Sln = --12 ••• •
••
••
•• ••
••
X Ill : ',
:. 0 = sin-1 (1J26) •
:•
•• ••
••
.••
•
... 0 ~ 75.2° • •• ••
••• ••
•
• ••
••• ••
b Let the third side have length x m. ••• ••
••
••
By the cosine rule: x 2 = 62 + 42 - 2 x 6 x 4 x cos0
•
! 0\
4m
:. x~ ✓6 2 +4 2 -2x6x4xcos75.2°
:. x~6.30
The third side is about 6.30 m in length.

8 E C

30°
A 8.1 m

a In 6ABD, by the cosine rule:

DB2 = 7.6 2 + 8.1 2 - 2 X 7.6 X 8.1 X cos 30°
:. DB= ✓7.6 2 + 8.1 2 - 2 x 7.6 x 8.1 x cos30° {as DB> O}
:. DB~ 4.09 m
Now AC = AD + DC = 7.6 + 8.4 = 16 m
In 6ABC, by the cosine rule:
BC2 = 8.1 2 + 162 - 2 x 8.1 x 16 x cos30°
... BC= ✓8.1 2 + 162 - 2 X 8.1 X 16 X cos30° {as BC> O}
:. BC~ 9.86 m
- 8.1 2 + DB 2 - 7.6 2
b In 6ABD, cosABD = ------
2 X 8.1 X DB

. ABD ~ cos-1 8.12 + 4.092 - 7.62

• •
2 X 8.1 X 4.09
-
: . ABD ~ 68.2°
-
.•. ABE~ 68.2° {base angles in an isosceles triangle}
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B 379

- DB 2 + BC 2 - 8.4 2
In DDBC, cosDBC = ------
2 x DB x BC

-
:. DBC ~ cos- 1
4.09 2 + 9.86 2 - 8.4 2
2 X 4.09 X 9.86
•
• •
-
DBC ~ 57.5°

c Area of DBCD = ½x DB x BC x sinDBC -

~ ½X 4.09 X 9.86 X sin 57.5°
~ 17.0 m 2

9 a By the cosine rule: 72 = x 2 + 62 - 2 x x x 6 x cos J

: . 49 = x 2 + 36 - 12x x ( ½)
: . x2 - 6x - 13 = 0

b
X = 6 ± J6 2
- 4(1)(-13)
2 xcm
6±v88
2
=3±\122
But x > 0, so x = 3 + \122
10 a By the cosine rule: 112 = x 2 + 82 - 2 x x x 8 x cos 70°
.•. 121 = x 2 + 64 - 16x x cos 70°
:. x 2 - (16cos 70°)x - 57 = 0
Using technology, x ~ -5.29 or 10.8.
But x > 0, so x ~ 10.8. 8cn1

b By the cosine rule: = 32 + x 2 - 2 x 3 xx x cos¥

52
: . 25 = 9 + x 2 - 6x x ( -½)
2
.•. x + 3x - 16 = 0
X = -3 ± J3
2
- 4(1)(-16)
2
xcm
-3 ± v73
2
= -~2 ± .m
2

But x > 0, so x = -! + v';3~ 2.77

c By the cosine rule:
52 = x 2 + (2x) 2 - 2 xx x 2x x cos60°
2 2 2
: . 25 = x + 4x - 4x x ( ½)
= 5x 2 - 2x 2 60°
2
= 3x 2xcm
• x2 _ l§.
• • - 3

• •
•
x=/¥ {as X > O}

• •
•
X ~ 2.89
380 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B

2 2 2
1 1 By the cosine rule: 5 = x + 6 - 2 x x x 6 x cos 40°
2
.'. 25 = x + 36 - 12x cos 40°
2
.'. x - (12cos40°)x + 11 = 0
Using technology, x ~ 1.41 or 7. 78.

1i B
- -
Let CAB be ex and DAC be /3.
72 + 122 - 9 2
In 6ABC, by the cosine rule: coso =
2 X 7 X 12
8cm

+
In 6DAC, by the cosine rule: cos /3 = -----
82
122 - 112
D 11 c1n C 2 X 8 X 12

... /3 = cos - 1 ( 18972

)

B
Now in 6DAB, -
DAB = ex+ /3
A __ 1~cm:.:.:.--;7
= cos-1 ( i~~)+ cos-1 ( 18;2)
~ 111.2°
8cm
By the cosine rule: BD 2 ~ 82 + 72 - 2 x 8 x 7 x cos 111.2°
.-. BD ~ Js 2 + 12 - 2 x 8 x 1 x cos 111.2°
D
.-. BD~l2.4
[BD] is about 12.4 cm long.
13 In 6BCD, by the cosine rule: A
BC 2 = 52 + 62 - 2 X 5 X 6 X cos 130°
.-. BC=J5 2 +6 2 -2x5x6xcos130° {as BC>O}
.-. BC~ 9.98
In 6ABC, by the cosine rule:
BC 2 = 82 + 92 - 2 X 8 X 9 X cos 0
B -----··········........................................................
C
:. 9.98 2 ~ 64 + 81- 144cos0
145 - 9.98 2
• cos 0 ~
• • ----
144
145 - 9.98 2
• 0 ~ cos- 1
• •
144
... 0~71.6°
14 Let the distance from P to C be x cm. A
- 52 + 102 - 62
In 6ABP, cos PAB = -----
2 X 5 X 10
89
100
,..__
:. PAB = cos -1 ( 89)
100
.-. PAC= 60° - cos- 1 ( 18; ) {since 6ABC is equilateral} c,c__---+----....3B
0
-
.-. PAC ~ 32.87°
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9B 381

Now, in 6APC, by the cosine rule:

x 2 = 102 + 52 - 2 x 10 x 5 x cos PAC -
.'. X ~ ✓10 2 + 52 - 2 X 10 X 5 X cos32.87° {as x > O}
.'. X ~ 6.40
So, P is about 6.40 cm from C.

15 a

(3x + 1)cm
(x+2)cm

(x + 3) cn1

By the cosine rule: (3x + 1)2 = (x + 2) 2 + (x + 3) 2 - 2(x + 2)(x + 3) cos 0

.'. 9x 2 + 6x + 1 = x 2 + 4x + 4 + x 2 + 6x + 9 - 2(x 2 + 5x + 6)(-½)
2 2 2
.'. 9x + 6x + 1 = 2x + lOx + 13 + %(x + 5x + 6)
2 2
•
••
7x - 4x - 12 = 1x
5
+ 2x + ll5
.-. ,¥x - 2
6x - 7t= 0
.-. 33x 2 - 30x - 72 = 0
2
.-. 3(11x - lOx - 24) =0
.'. 3(11x + 12)(x - 2) = 0
.-. (llx + 12)(x - 2) = 0
•
••
x = _g11 or 2
But 3x + 1 > 0 .•. x = 2
b sin 2 0 + cos2 0 = 1
2 2
.'. sin 0+(-½) =1
.
. .
• 2
Sln
0 + 2S
l
= 1
2
•
• •
sin 0 = £1
25

. •. sin0=±~ 5

But 0° < 0 < 180°, so sin0 > 0

• •• sin0 = v'24
5

Since x = 2, the sides have length 2 + 2 = 4 cm, 2 + 3 = 5 cm, and 3(2) + 1 = 7 cm.
Area of the triangle = ½x 4 x 5 x sin 0
= 10 X v24
5

=2v04
= 403cm 2
382 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Investigation 1 The sine rule

16 B
·~------.i~----,
5cm c We draw [BE] to complete parallelogram BCDE.
• ED = BC = 5 cm and BE = CD = 4 cm
• •

,,
4
{opposite sides of parallelogram}
,
,, ,
,,
,
• •
•
AE=8-ED
a:,
A E D = 8 - 5 cm
8 c1n = 3 cm
Using the cosine rule in DABE:
32 + 52 - 42
cos0=---- and cosa=----
2x3x6 2x3x4
1 32 + 52 - 42 32 + 42 - 52
•
• • 0 = cos- •
• •
a= cos- 1
2x3x6 2x3x4
1
:. 0 = cos- (~) : . a = cos - l (- ½¼)
... 0 ~ 36.3° :. a~ll7.3°
-
Now, ABC = 180° - 0 {co-interior angles}
~ 143.7°
- = 180° - a
BED {angles in a line}
~
62.7°
-
BCD =BED
........
{opposite angles in parallelogram}
~ 62.7°
CDE = 180° - BED {co-interior angles}
~ 117.3°

So, to the nearest degree, the angles of the trapezium are 36°, 63°, 117°, and 144°.

• THESINERULE
,, i, 3 A

b 7cm

a
8cm

C
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.1 383

4 sin A sinB sinC

a b C A B C
a b C

8cm 7cm 9cm 58.4° 48.2° 73.4° 0.1065 0.1065 0.1065

sin A sinB sinC a b C

5 We notice that or equivalently, •
a b C sin A sinB sinC

1 a Using the sine rule,

X 23
sin48° sin 37°
•
23 x sin48°
• • X=
sin 37°
. •. X ~ 28.4

b Using the sine rule, 11cm

X 11 115°
sin 115° sin 48°
11 x sin 115°
•
• • x=
sin48°
.". X ~ 13.4
c Using the sine rule,
X 4.8
sin 51° sin 80°
4.8 x sin 51°
•
• • x=-----
sin80°
.". X ~ 3.79

d The unknown angle is 180° - 100° - 45° {angles in a triangle}

= 35°
Using the sine rule,
X 6
sin 100° sin35°
6 x sin 100°
•
• • x=
sin 35°
100° 45°
.". X ~ 10.3 6m

e The unknown angle is 180° - 58° - 55° {angles in a triangle}

= 67°
Using the sine rule,
X 4
sin 67° sin 55° 4cm
4 x sin67°
.•. x~----
sin 55°
.". X ~ 4.49
384 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.1

f The unknown angle is 180° - 108° - 31 ° { angles in a triangle}

= 41°
Using the sine rule, 9n1
108°
X 9
sin 31° sin 41 °
•
9 x sin31 °
• • X=
sin 41 °
.'. X ~ 7.07

a Using the sine rule, B

a 18
sin 63° sin49°
18 x sin 63°
•
• • a=
sin49°
•
a~ 21.3 cm 63°
• •
A 18cm
C

b The unknown angle is 180° - 25° - 82° {angles in a triangle}

= 73°
Using the sine rule, C
25°
b 34
sin 73° sin 25°
b
• b = 34 x sin 73°
• •
sin 25°
A 820 B
:. b ~ 76.9 cm 34cm

c The unknown angle is 180° - 48° - 21 ° {angles in a triangle}

= 111°
Using the sine rule,
C 6.4 A
sin48° sin 111°
6.4 x sin48°
• •
•
c=
sin 111°
:. c ~ 5.09 cm CL--------------~B
6.4 c1n

3 -
a BAC = 180° - 58° - 48° {angles in a triangle}
A
= 74°
Using the sine rule,
AB 7 BC 7
and
sin 58° sin48° sin 74° sin48°
•
• •
AB= 7 x sin58° •
• •
BC = 7 x sin 74° C B
sin48° sin48°
:. AB~ 7.99 :. BC~ 9.05

So, BAC - = 74°, AB ~ 7.99 cm, and BC ~ 9.05 cm.

 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.1 385
.,,..._
b XZY = 180° - 43° - 29° {angles in a triangle}
= 108°
Using the sine rule,
xz 19
and
XY 19
X
sin 29° sin43° sin 108° sin43°
• XZ = 19 x sin29° • XY = 19 x sin 108°
z
• • • •
sin43° sin 43°
... xz ~ 13.5 :. XY ~ 26.5
.,,..._
So, XZY = 108°, XZ ~ 13.5 cm, and XY ~ 26.5 cm.

4 First we find the length of the diagonal, d m. D

In 6ABC, using the sine rule, 95°
ym
d 22
sin 118° sin30° Xlll
A
_.. d = 22 x sin 118° dm
sin 30°
5go
:. d ~ 38.85 0 C
Now 0 = 180° - 30° - 118° = 32° 22n1
-
.•. ACD = 90° - 32° B

.,,..._
= 58°
.•. DAC = 180° - 95° - 58° = 27°
In 6ACD, using the sine rule,
X 38.85 y 38.85
sin 27° sin 95°
and --~--
sin 58° sin 95°
38.85 x sin 27° 38.85 X sin 58°
•
• • X ~
sin 95°
•
• • Y~ sin 95°
:. x~l7.7 :. y ~ 33. l
386 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.2

X 2x -11
5 Using the sine rule, • 7r • 7r
Sln - Sln -
6 4

X 2x - 11
•
• • -----
1 1
2 v2
... v0X = ½(2x - 11) (2x - 11) cn1

.". X = v?(2x - 11)

= hx - 11v2
2

.-. (1 - v12)x = - 11;2

•
11 v'2
X=-----
•• 2(1 - v'2)

-11\/'2 2 + 2\/'2
X
2 - 2\/'2 2 + 2\/'2
_ -22\/'2 - 22(2)
22 - (2\/'2)2
-22\/'2 - 44
4-8
-22\/'2- 44
-4
= ¥h+11
... x = 11 + ¥h

1 a Using the sine rule,

60 cn1 sinx 0 sin 20°
30cm 30 60
. 30 x sin 20°
.". SlnX
0
= ----
60
• -1 ( 30 x sin 20° )
.". X = Sln
60
.". X ~ 9.85
b Using the sine rule,
58° sinx 0
sin 58°
7 1nm 7 9
. 7 x sin 58°
.". Sln X
0
= ----
9
• -1 ( 7 x sin 58°)
.". X = Sln
9
:. x~41.3
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.2 387

C Using the sine rule,

sinx 0 sin41 °
17 14
. 17 x sin 41 °
.". SIIlX
0
= ----
14
• -1 ( 17 x sin 41 ° )
.". X = SIIl
14
.-. x~52.8

2 Using the sine rule, A

sinC sin40°
11 8
. C 11 x sin40°
•
• • SIIl = ---- 8
C B
. -1
= sin ( 11 x sin 40° )
---- . supp lement
or its
•• C
•
8

.-. C ~ 62.1 ° or (180 - 62.1) 0

• c~62.1°
• • or 117.9°

3 a -
Let BAC be x 0.
0
C sinx sin45°
Using the sine rule,
8 11
. 8 x sin 45°
.". SIIl X
0
= ----
11

B A • X = SIIl. -1 ( 8 x sin 45 ° )
•• 11
.". X ~ 30.9
-
.-. BAC is approximately 30.9°.

b
A
- be x 0.
Let ABC
sinx 0 sin42°
Using the sine rule,
23 32
23 ClTI
. 23 x sin 42°
.". Slil X
0
= ----
32
C
• X = Slil• -1 (23 x sin42°)
2cm •• 32
B .-. x~28.7
-
.•. ABC is approximately 28. 7°.

C - be
Let ACB x 0.
sinx 0 sin 37°
Using the sine rule,
30 36
. 30 x sin 37°
.". SIIl X
0
= ----
36

• X = Slil• -1 (30 x sin37°)

•• 36
.". X ~ 30.1
C
-
.-. ACB is approximately 30.1 °.
388 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.2
....... .......
sinBAC sin ABC A
d {sine rule}
a b
.......
•
sinBAC sin 63°
• •
8.4 10.3
. BA-C 8.4 x sin 63°
•
• • Sln = ----- 65°
10.3 C B
8.4cm
:. BAC = sin-l (8.4 x sin63°) or its supplement
10.3
- : . BAC ~ 46.6° or 180° - 46.6°
- 46.6° or 133.4°
• BAC ~
- = 133.4°, since
We reject BAC
• •

133.4° + 63° > 180° which is impossible in a triangle.

-
: . BAC 46.6° ~
.......
sin ABC sin 38°
e {sine rule}
22.1 16.5
A
. AB-C 22.1 x sin 38°
•
• • Sln = -----
16.5
380 16.5 cm
.•. ABC = sin- 1 22
( •1 x sin ) or its supplement
16.5
-
:. ABC~ 55.5° or 180° - 55.5° c,L__ _______ ___,_B
-
.•. ABC ~ 55.5° or 124.5°
both of which are possible as 124.5° + 38° = 162.5° which is < 180° .
.......
sinACB sin 18°
f {sine rule}
A
4.3 3.1
. AC
.......
B 4.3 x sin 18°
_-. Sln = -----
3.1
43 180
: . ACB = sin - l ( • x sin ) or its supplement
3.1

• ••
-
ACB ~ 25.4° or 180° - 25.4° C
:. -
ACB ~ 25.4° or 154.6°
3.1km

both of which are possible as 154.6° + 18° = 172.6° which is < 180°.

sinx 0 sin48°
4 a Using the sine rule,
7 5
. 0 7 x sin 48°
:. SlnX = ----
5
~
0
:. sinx 1.04
But sinx 0 is always between -1 and 1 (inclusive), so
we cannot solve for x and the question cannot be solved.
b This means that it is impossible to draw a real diagram with the dimensions Mr Whiffen has
•
given.
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.2 389

•
5 a I Using the sine rule, A
-----
sinACB sin30°
7 9
•
• • sinACB - =
7 x sin 30°
9
C xcm B

.•. Ac-----
8 __si·n-1 ( ----
7 x sin 30°) • supp 1ement
or its
9
-----
.. . ACB:::::;22.9° or 180° - 22.9°
-
.-. ACB :::::;
22.9° or 157.1 °
But 157.1 + 30 > 180, so this case is impossible.
.-. - :::::;22. 9°
ACB

ii -
BAC:::::;180° - 30° - 22.9° {angles in a triangle}
• • • - :::::;127°
BAC

b Area of triangle ABC = ½besin A

:::::;
½X 9 X 7 X sin 127°
25.1 cm 2
:::::;

6 Let the angle opposite the 9.8 cm side be 0.

sin0 sin 75°
Using the sine rule,
9.8 9
. 9.8 x sin 75°
•
• • Sln 0= ---- 9

.-. sin 0 :=::=;1.05

But -1 ~ sin0 ~ 1 for all 0 9cm
.-. sin 0 :=::=;1.05 is impossible .
.•. it is not possible to have a triangle with the measurements shown.

7 a Using the sine rule,

sin PQR - sin 50° p
11 9
. PQ-R 11 x sin 50°
•
• • Sln = ---- 9

. ·. PQ-R __ si·n-l ( 11 x s in 50°) • supp 1ement

or its
9
-
.-. PQR:::::;69.4 ° or 180° - 69.4° R Q
.-. - 69.4 °
PQR:::::; or 110.6°
b p

9n1

50°
390 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9C.2

c For the case in which PQR - ~ 69.4° : p

•
I -
QPR~ 180° - 50° - 69.4 ° {angles in a triangle}
... QPR~ 60.6°
ii Area of triangle PQR = ½x 9 x 11 x sin QPR -
~ ½X 9 X 11 X sin 60.6° R 500 69.4° Q
~ 43.1 m2
QR PQ
•••
Ill
sin QPR - sinPRQ - {sine rule}

•
QR 9
• •
sin 60.6° sin 50°
.. . QR ~ 9 x sin 60.6°
sin 50°
.•. QR~ 10.2 m
So, perimeter of DPQR ~ (11 + 9 + 10.2) m
~ 30.2 m

For the case in which PQR - ~ 110.6° : p

i -
QPR~ 180° - 50° - 110.6° {angles in a triangle}
:. -
QPR~ 19.4°
ii Area of triangle PQR = ½x 9 x 11 x sin QPR -
~ ½X 9 X 11 X sin 19.4°
~ 16.5 m2 R

••• QR PQ
Ill ,,,.._ ,,,.._ {sine rule}
sin QPR sinPRQ

•
QR ,...__,
,...__,
9
• •
sin 19.4° sin 50°
9 x sin 19.4°
•
• • QR~
sin 50°
•
• • QR~ 3.91 m
So, perimeter of DPQR ~ (11 + 9 + 3.91) m
~ 23.9 m
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 391

1 Using the exterior angle of a triangle theorem,

0° + 28° =
53°
.•. 0 =
25
hn1
Let the flagpole be h m high.

◄ 20m ►

X 20
Using the sine rule, and sin53° = '2
sin 28° sin 25° X

20 x sin 28° : . h = x sin 53°

•
• •
x~----
sin 25° ~ 22.22 x sin 53°
.'. X ~ 22.22 ~ 17.7 m

:. the pole is approximately 17.7 m high.

Q By the cosine rule:

2 2 2
PR = 63 + 175 - 2 X 63 X 175 X cos 112°
p R ... PR= ✓63 2 + 1752 - 2 X 63 X 175 X cos 112°
lake
• PR~ 207
• •

So the distance from P to R is approximately 207 m.

, ,
3 ,,
,, By the cosine rule:
,,-· 6 km
, ,,
,
__
,,,
32°
X = ✓62 + 4.5 2 - 2 X 6 X 4.5 X COS 148°
148°
.'. X ~ 10.1
: . the orienteer is about 10.1 km from her starting
point.
s

By the cosine rule:

cosT = 220 2 + 340 2 - 165 2

------- _,,·
~ ......i~~.m J
···--··: G
2 X 220 X 340 1'1 _,,.,,.,-- .. -"' '---

• T = cos -1(136775)
•• 149 600
_,,"' ..
_ ,----"'

:. T~23.9
: . the tee shot was about 23.9° off line.

5 A 83.6° By the cosine rule:

31.9 kn1 x 2 = 23.8 2+ 31.9 2 - 2 X 23.8 X 31.9 X COS 83.6°
... X = ✓23.8 2 + 31.9 2 - 2 X 23.8 X 31.9 X cos83.6°
.'. X ~ 37.6
.•. ships B and C are about 37.6 km apart.
392 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

6 N a a = 180° - 40° {co-interior angles}

= 140°
a X 155° -
: . PXC = 360° - 155° - 140° {angles at a point}
= 65°
N Using the cosine rule in 6PXC:
PC2 = 42 + 62 - 2 X 4 X 6 X COS 65°

... PC = ✓42 + 62 - 2 X 4 X 6 X cos 65°

N {as PC> O}
.•. PC ~ 5.6315 km
C So, Esko hikes about 5.63 km.
ca1npsite

b By the cosine rule:

4 2 + 5.6315 2 - 62
cos0 ~ ------
2 X 4 X 5.6315
4 2 + 5.6315 2 - 6 2
:. 0 ~ cos- 1
2 X 4 X 5.6315
.'. 0 ~ 74.9°
So, Esko hikes on a bearing of 40° + 74.9° ~ 115°.
c i Ritva travels a total distance of 4 + 6 = 10 km.
. , . k h h . distance
Ritva s time ta en to reac t e campsite= ---
speed
10 km
5 kmh- 1
= 2 hours
, . k h h . distance
Esko s time ta en to reac t e campsite= ---
speed
5.6315 km
~----
3 kmh- 1
~ 1.88 hours
So, Esko will arrive at the campsite first.
ii Difference in time taken to reach campsite~ 2 hours - 1.88 hours
~ 0.123 hours
~ 7.37 minutes
~ 7 minutes 22 seconds
So, Esko will need to wait for about 7 minutes and 22 seconds before Ritva arrives.
d Now /3 ~ 180° - 40° - 74.9° {co-interior angles}
~ 65.1 °
So, the hikers need to walk on a bearing of 360° - 65.1 ° ~ 295° to return directly to P.
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 393

7 By the cosine rule:

23 2 + 26 2 - 52
cos0=-----
2 X 23 X 26
26m
_.., angle
.
of :. 0 = cos- 1
( ii~~) 0
goal posts view ... 0~9.38°
........_
: . the angle of view is about 9.38°.
---------------
------ player

8 A 0 = 13.2° - 8.3°
= 4.9°
,,,..__
13.2°
42m
DBC = 90° - 8.3° {angles in a triangle}
= 81.7°
,,,..__
98.3° B ABD = 180° - 81.7° {angles on a line}
-.+---81.7°
hm = 98.3°
D 8.30 C
AD 42
In DABD, by the sine rule,
sin 98.3° sin 4.9°
. AD = 42 x sin 98.3°
• •
sin 4.9°
.•. AD ~ 486.56 m
. h + 42
In DADC, Sln 13 . 20 = --
AD
.•. h + 42 ~ 486.56 x sin 13.2°
: . h + 42 ~ 111.1
:. h~69.l
.•. the hill is about 69 .1 m high.
a 150
9 By the sine rule,
I• sin40° sin 72°
11111
I I I I I ~
1. •
a=
150 x sin40°
11111 •• • •
11111
•
••... (180 - 40 - 68) 0 = 72° sin 72°
••
11111 • :. a~lOl.38
11111 150 m ••..••
••
11111 •
••
11111 ••
11111 . .--- .' ··t
a Ill ... •• :
680 _..·· ••• 1 X Ill
II ••
...•··22° '
B ym

a sin22° ~ x b cos22° ~ Y
101.38 101.38
:. x ~ 101.38 x sin 22° .•. Y ~ 101.38 X COS 22°

.". X ~
38.Q ... y~94.0
: . the tree is about 38.0 m high. .•. the tree is about 94.0 m from the
building.
394 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

10 a N
• '
'
'
'
'
''
'

p: 223°
N 2.4km~
•
L N

b Using the cosine rule in DLPQ: 2.4 2= 2.1 2 + PQ 2 - 2 x 2.1 x PQ x cos 53°
:. 5.76 = 4.41 + PQ 2 - 4.2 X PQ X cos 53°
:. PQ 2 - ( 4.2 cos 53°) PQ - 1.35 = 0
Using technology, PQ ~ 2.98 or -0.453
But PQ > 0, so PQ ~ 2.98.
So, the yachts are about 2. 98 km apart.
,;-...

sinLPQ sin 53°

c Using the sine rule in DLPQ,
2.1 2.4
.
• Sln L,..__PQ2.1 x sin 53°
= ----
• •
2.4
: . LPQ = sin-l ( 2.1 x sin 53°)
2.4
,..__
: . LPQ ~ 44.3°
The bearing of the Queen Maria from the Porpoise is 223° - 44.3° ~ 179°.

,, a u 8cm
Q
p 4c1n
••
----- s
•
.•· ••
T R

In DQRS, RQ = J 4 2 + 72 = 035cm. {Pythagoras}

In DPQU, PQ = J8 + 72 = -/ii3 cm.
2 {Pythagoras}
In DPRT, PR = J 82 + 42 = Jso cm. {Pythagoras}
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 395

v'113 By rearrangement of the cosine rule,

p Q
0 2 2 2
cos 0 = ( v113) + (v'65) - ( v80)
2v'113v'65
113 + 65 - 80
R 2v1TT3v55
98
2v1TT3v55
1 98
•
• • 0 = cos- ~55.1°
2v'113v'65
•
• •
-
PQR measures about 55.1 ° .
b p
,,
s I '

, ': R
I '

I
I '
'
'
6m
I '
I
I
I

-·· •, ....... --------

Q 5m T

In DPRS, PR = J + 42
52 = y41 m. {Pythagoras}
In DPQS, PQ = J 62 + 4 2 = V52m. {Pythagoras}
In DQRT, QR= J5 2 + 62 = v161
m. {Pythagoras}
p By rean·angement of the cosine rule,
2 2 2
cos 0 = (-J52) + (v61) - ( v41)
2-J52v51
52 + 61 - 41
R 2-J52v61
72
Q 2-J52v51
1 72
• 0 = cos-
• • ~ 50.3°
2-J52v51
:. -
PQR measures about 50.3°.

,,....._
sinACB sin 67°
1i C Using the sine rule,
12 15

.'. Sln
. AC-B= ----
12 x sin 67°
15

: . ACB = sin-1 ( 12 x ;~n 570)

,,....._
• ACB
• • ~ 47.4°
,,....._
Now, CAB~ 180° - 67° - 47.4°
,,....._
A 12km B
: . CAB ~ 65.6°
396 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

13 Distance = speed x time

• ••
...........
•• ••
So, after 45 min = 0. 75 h,
·-.•• ...........
••
AT = 6 x 0. 75 = 4.5 km
..........
•• ...........
••
and AP= 8 x 0.75 = 6 km
..........
•• ..........
••
By the cosine rule:
120°
'-----------~
..........
p
6km PT 2 = 4.5 2+ 62 - 2 X 4.5 X 6 X cos 120°
... PT = ✓4.5 2 + 62 - 2 X 4.5 X 6 X cos 120°
.-. PT~ 9.12
So, after 45 minutes they are about 9.12 km apart.

14 a By the cosine rule: Q lOkln R

QS 2 = 8 2 + 122 - 2 X 8 X 12 X cos 70° ·-.. 30°
·-• ·-.
.-. QS = J3 2 + 122 - 2 x 8 x 12 x cos 10° ·-
·-. ·-
•
•••

~ 11.93 ··-...__
p ·-...s
total area= area of .6PQS + area of .6QRS 12kln
.-. area~½ x 8 x 12 x sin 70° + ½ x 10 x 11.93 x sin30°
~ 74.9 km 2

b 1 ha is 100 m x 100 m = 0.1 km x 0.1 km

= 0.01 km 2
.-. 1 km 2 = 100 ha
.-. area~ (74.9 x 100) ha
~ 7490 ha

15 A Using the sine rule in .6ABC,

·:..:.:._::
"J30°·.......-....► •••••••••••••••••• - •••• - ••

·-:•·-• so AC 200
..............J
....• .,...-
..... sin 110° sin 38°
•• •••
....• ......•
••
.... • • ...... . AC= 200 x sin 110°
·-•• • ·-• • • • 30°
---
•• • •• • •
.. ,_, .... sin 38°
110° ·-...• ·-....•
3s0•••.. ·-. ~ 305.26
B X 305.26
and in .6ACD,
sin 8° sin 30°
305.26 x sin 8°
• •• x~-----
sin 30°
~ 84.969

.-. the metal strip is about 85.0 mm wide.

 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 397

16 By the cosine rule:

87 2 + 1432 - 1762
cos 0 = ------ 102m
2 X 87 X 143

• 0 = cos -l (-2958)
•• 24 882
87n1
... 0 ~ 96.8° ''
''
'-._1761n
Also by the cosine rule: ''
''
''
1022 + 1362 - 1762 ''
''
136m
cos a= ------- '•
'•
2 X 102 X 136 •
'•
•

. a= cos_ 1 (-2076)
•• 27 744
143m
:. a~94.3°
sin /31 _ sin 0
Now, by the sine rule,
143 176
. /3 143 x sin 96.8°
:. sin 1 ~ -----
176
. -1 ( 143 x sin 96.8°)
: . /31 ~ sin
176
... /31 ~ 53. 778°
¢ 1 = 180° - /31 - 0 { angles in a triangle}
~ 180° - 53. 778° - 96.8°
.•. ¢1 ~ 29.394°
sin {32 _ sin a
Also by the sine rule,
136 176
. /3 136 x sin 94.3°
:. sin 2 ~ -----
176
. /3 ,......,. -1 ( 136 x sin 94.3° )
• • 2 ,......,sin 176

... /32 ~ 50.404°

¢ 2 = 180° - /32 - a { angles in a triangle}

~ 180° - 50.404° - 94.3°

... ¢2 ~ 35.304°
So, /31 + /32 ~ 53.778° + 50.404° ~ 104.2°
and 1 + c/>
c/> 2 ~ 29.394° + 35.304° ~ 64.7°
.•. the angles at each comer of the park are: ~ 104.2°

~ 96.8°
~ 64.7°

Area of the park = area of two triangles

=½x87xl43xsin0 + ½xl02xl36xsina
~ ½ X 87 X 143 X sin 96.8° + ½ X 102 X 136 X sin 94.3°
~ 13100 m 2
398 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

17 In DBCD, using the cosine rule:

BD 2= 50 2 + 1002 - 2 x 50 x 100 x cos83°
:. BD = ✓50 2 + 1002 - 2 x 50 x 100 x cos83°
~ 106.213 m
106.213 m
67.145° ..••• In DBCD, using the sine rule:
60 m • ..••
..-...
0 sinBDC sin83°
~~---~-· ---~---
J5o· 2~1~.s~55~
;---c
100m 50 106.213
D . BD,,,.__C
50 x sin83°
•
• • Sln ~ ----
106.213
... BDC ~ sin-l ( 50 x sin 83°)
106.213
• BDC ~ 27.855°
-
• •

.-. BDE ~ 95° - 27.855°

~ 67.145°
In DBED, using the cosine rule:
BE 2 ~ 60 2 + 106.213 2 - 2 X 60 X 106.213 X cos 67.145°
_.. BE~ ✓ 602 + 106.213 2 - 2 X 60 X 106.213 X cos 67.145°
~ 99.654 m
In DABE, using the cosine rule:

cos BAE~
..-... 50 2 +
-------
80 2 - 99.654 2
2 X 50 X 80

-
• BAE ~ cos -1 50 2 + 80 2 - 99.654 2
• •
8000
~ 97.403°
•
• • area of the property
= area DBCD + area DBED + area DABE
~ ½X 50 X 100 X sin 83° + ½X 60 X 106.213 X sin 67.145° + ½X 50 X 80 X sin 97.403°
~ 7400 m 2

18 Let the location of the Chinese restaurant be C and the location of the fish and chip shop be F, such
that CF = 7 km. The area enclosed by the larger circle shows the free delivery region for the
Chinese restaurant and the area enclosed by the smaller circle shows the free delivery region for the
fish and chip shop.

7km
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 399

The region that receives free delivery from both locations is the intersection of these two regions.
So, we need to find the shaded area.
52 + 72 - 32
Using the cosine rule in 6AFC: cos0=---- and cosa=----
2x5x7 2x3x7
• 0 = cos- 1 (§.§.)
• • 70
• a= cos- 1 (~)
•• 42

Now 6AFC and 6BFC are congruent. {SSS}

,..__ ,..__
.•. ACB = 20 and AFB = 2a
In the larger circle, area of 6ABC = ½x 5 x 5 x sin 20
= ¥ 1
x sin (2 cos- (~))
~ 8.6161 km 2
20 2
Also, area of sector ABC = - x 1r x 5
360
2 cos- 1 (§.§.)
- 70 X 7r X 52
360
~ 9.5063 km2
Now, area of segment of larger circle = area of sector ABC - area of 6ABC
~ 9.5063 - 8.6161 km 2
~ 0.8902 km2
In the smaller circle, area of 6ABF = ½x 3 x 3 x sin 2a
= ~ x sin ( 2 cos- 1 ( ~))
~ 4.3743 km2
2a
Also, area of sector ABF =- x 1r x 32
360
_ 2cos- 1 (~)
X 7r X 32
360
~ 6.0025 km 2

Now, area of segment of smaller circle = area of sector ABF - area of 6ABF
~ 6.0025 - 4.37 43 km2
~ 1.6282 km 2

So, shaded area = area of segment of larger circle + area of segment of smaller circle
~ 0.8902 + 1.6282 km2
~ 2.52 km 2

.•. the region that receives free delivery from both locations is about 2.52 km2 .
400 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

19 A The perimeter is 36 m.
.•. a+ b + c = 36
.-. b = 36 - a - c .... (l)
The area is 30\i'3 m 2 .
b
.-. ½ac sin 60° = 30V3
.-. ½ac x (1) = 30V3
• •
•
1 ac= 30\1'3
C a B •
• • ac = 120
120
•
• • a= .... (2)
C

Using the cosine rule: b2 = a 2 + c2 - 2accos 60°

.-. (36 - a - c) 2
= a 2 + c2 - 2ac x (½) {using (1)}
.-. (36 - a - c)(36 - a - c) = a 2 + c2 - ac
.-. 1296 - 36a - 36c - 36a + r;!-+ ac - 36c + ac + ,e2'= /- + ,e2'
- ac
.-. 1296 - 72a - 72c + 3ac = 0
.-. 432 - 24a - 24c + ac = 0
10
.". 432- 24 ( ! ) - 24c+ (l!O) C =0 {using (2)}
2880
.-. 432 - - 24c + 120 =0
C
2880
.-. 552 - - 24c =0
C

.-. 24c2 - 552c + 2880 = 0

.-. 24(c 2 - 23c + 120) = 0
.". 24 (C - 8) (C - 15) = 0
.•. c= 8 or 15
120
Substituting c = 8 into (2) gives a = = 15
8
120
Substituting c = 15 into (2) gives a = =8
15
When c = 8 and = 15, b =
a 36 - 15 - 8 {using (1)}
= 13
When c = 15 and a = 8, b = 36 - 8 - 15 {using ( 1)}
= 13
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 401

Using the sine rule: Also, using the sine rule:

sinB sinC sin 60° sin C
b C 13 15
•
sin 60° sinC
{when c = 8} v'3
• • 2 sinC
13 8 •
• • {when c = 15}
13 15
v'3
2 sinC 15 v13 13 •
•
• •
• • -- 2
•
= Sln C
13 8
: . 4 v'3= 13 sin C • sinC = 15
v3
•• 26
·
••
sin C = _4133
v13_
:. C = sin-1 ( 152}?)
:. C = 1
sin- ( 4
1) :. C ~ 87.8°
• C ~ 32.2°
• •
and A = 180° - B - C
and A = 180° - B - C {angles in a triangle}
{angles in a triangle} :. A~ 180° - 60° - 87.8°
• A ~ 180° - 60° - 32.2°
• •
• A~ 32.2°
• •

:. A~ 87.8°
So the remaining two angles of the garden are approximately 32.2° and 87.8°.

iO Suppose Sam and Markus are x m and y m from the tree respectively, and the tree is h m high.
h
N In 6PST, tan25° =-
X
p
h
• X=--
•• tan 25°
N
_ _,___ hm ~ 2.145h

In i6PMT, tan 15° = °!3:.

y
T
h
• • • y=--
tan 15°
~ym
~ 3.732h
s
15°

M
But STM = 65° - {equal alternate angles}
and 1002 = x 2 + y 2 - 2xy cos 65° {cosine rule}
.•. 10 000 ~ (2.145h ) 2 + (3. 732h ) 2 - 2 x (2.145) (3. 732)h 2 cos 65°
:. 10 000 ~ 11.762 h 2
:. h 2 ~ 850.17
:. h ~ 29.2
So, the tree is about 29. 2 m high.
402 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D

21

◄ 2kln ►

a Consider the following net of the curved surface C

of the cone:
In order for AB to be as short as possible, [AB]
must be a straight line. 3kin
The circumference of the cone's base is equal to
the arc length of the sector. 0. T
•
• • 0 X 3 = 21r X 2 3 kin ..-·····

... 30 = 41r .. ...·········: .........•

........
........
,, ...
.......
~ A C
. .. 0= 3

Using the cosine rule in DABT,

AB 2 = 32 + (J)
2
2
- 2 X 3 X J2 cos 12!:
3

:. AB= ✓9+¾-9(-½) {as AB>O}

.•. AB = JI5. 75 ~ 3.97 km

The length of the path from A to Bis approximately 3.97 km.
b The path from A to B is horizontal at the point D T
•'
where [DT] is perpendicular to [AB]. 271":
-,
3: •
Using the sine rule in D TAB,
A B
sin ABT
......._ .
Slil
271"
3 ◄ ✓ 15.75 kin
D
..
3 ✓15.75
. 271"
....... 3 Slil 3
1
.•. ABT= sin-
✓15.75
.......
:. ABT~ 40.89°

Now in DBDT, cos 40.89° ~ BD

1.5
:. BD ~ 1.13 km
The length of the part of the path from B to the point where the path is horizontal is
approximately 1.13 km.
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Exercise 9D 403

••
••

3r Clll ...
........
.•· ••
.. \
'\

..... -········ 2r cm r c1n

-~---··
•• .. 0······················ ............. .
·•. ·• . ••
•• ••
•••
.... f ....
..••
·-.

•
••

r
. 0 2
Sln 4 = -3r ..
......
....
.. ...
..
............ r
- ..........
........2
r
--
6r
1
-6
... 40 = Sln• -1(1) 6
.•. 0 = 4 sin - 1( ¼)
b We can divide the figure into two parts, the sector of the larger circle, and the unshaded section
of the smaller circle.
Area of sector of larger circle= ½ x 0 x (3r )2 {radius = 3r for larger circle}
-- 2-0r 2
2

Area of unshaded section of smaller circle = 1rr 2 - area of shaded section

= 1rr2 - 7r

Total area = area of sector of larger circle + area of unshaded section of smaller circle
= ~0r
2
+ 1rr 2 - 1r .... (1)
The figure can also be divided into two isosceles
triangles and a sector of the smaller circle as r
shown.
Let each of the base angles of the isosceles
triangles be a.
0
a + a + -2 = 1r { angles in a triangle}

••• 2a=1r- ~2
Now, angle of sector of smaller circle = 21r - 2a {angles at a point}

= 21r - ( 7f - i)
0
=1r+-
2
Total area = area of two isosceles triangles + area of sector of smaller circle
= 2 X ( ½X 3r X 3r X sin ! ) + ½X ( 7f + ; ) X r 2

= 9r sin! 2
+ ½1rr + ¼0r 2 2
.... (2)
404 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Activity The area of a spherical triangle

Equating (1) and (2) gives

2
•
• •
11.0r
4
2
+ lnr
2
- 9r 2 sin fl.. = 7r
2

:. r
2
( ¥ 0 + i - 9 sin ! ) = 7r

• r2 = 7r
•• l2
4
0+ ~
2
- 9 sin f2

7r
•
• • r= {as r > O}
l2
4
0+~
2
- 9 sin f2
:. r ~ 1.467 {using 0 = 4sin- 1 (¼) from a}
The radius of the smaller circle is approximately 1.467 cm.

THEAREA OF A SPHERICAL
TRIANGLE
0
1 The surface area of the lune is of the total surface area
21r
of the sphere.
0 2
'
'
: . Bx' 0 = -21r x 4nr '
'
'•
'
'•
'•
• ''
= 2r 2 0 ''
••
• •'
•
''
''

a A', B', and C' are diametrically opposite to A, B, and ••

•
•
'
C respectively.
So, arc AB is diametrically opposite arc A'B',
arc AC is diametrically opposite arc A' C',
and arc BC is diametrically opposite arc B' C'.
Thus AB = A'B' AC = A'C' and BC = B'C' so
' ' ' C '
''
that triangles ABC and A'B'C' are congruent. {SSS} '
'
'
•'

b We can find the surface area of the sphere by adding the surface area of each lune twice, then
subtracting the areas of the spherical triangles ABC and A'B' C' that have been added more
than once. Both triangles are counted 2 times more than necessary, so we subtract the area of
2 + 2 = 4 spherical triangles .
.•. surface area of the sphere = 4nr 2 = 2S A,a + 2SB, /3+ 2Sc, 'Y- 4A
a 2 2 2
C SA a= - X 4?Tr SB /3= /3 x 4nr Sc ,..,= 'Y x 4?Tr
' 21r ' 21r ' I 27r

2
= 2ar 2 = 2/3r = 2ryr2
2
.•. 4?Tr = 2SA, a+ 2SB, /3+ 2Sc, 'Y- 4A
2 2 2 2
.•. 4nr = 4ar + 4/3r + 4ryr - 4A
2 2 2 2
.•. 4A = 4ar + 4/3r + 4ryr - 4nr
2 2 2 2
.•. A = ar + /3r + ryr - nr
2
: . A = (a + /3+ ry - 1T)r
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A 405

3 A = (a + f3 + , - 1r )r > 0 2

: . a + f3 + 1"- 1r > 0 {A, r > 0}

:. a+f3+1">1r
.•. the angle su1n of a spherical triangle is greater than 180°.
4 Suppose two spherical triangles on a given sphere are similar .
.•. the angles of the triangles must be the same.
From 2 c, two spherical triangles on a given sphere with the same angles must have the same area .
.•. the triangles have the same size and shape, and are therefore congruent.
It is therefore not possible for two spherical triangles on a given sphere to be similar but not
congruent.

1 a b

8km

Area = ½x 6 x 9 x sin 83° Area = ½x 7 x 8 x sin 30°

~ 26.8 cm 2 = 28 X ½
= 14 km2
C 7.6 tn

Area = ½x 7. 6 x 9. 3 x sin 111°

~ 33.0 m 2

••
Area = 2 x area of DABC
••
••
••
••
= 2 X ½X 5 X 5 X sin 65 °
••
••
••
••
~ 22.7 cm 2
••
••
••
••
•
C B

l a Let the remaining side have length x cm.

By the cosine rule:
x 2 = 92 + 72 - 2 X 9 X 7 X COS 81 ° 9cn1
.. . X = ✓92 + 7 2 - 2 X 9 X 7 X cos 81 ° {as X > 0}
.°. X ~ 10.5 81°
7cm
The remaining side is about 10.5 cm in length.
406 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A

b Let the remaining side have length x m. 6m

By the cosine rule:
x 2 = 62 + 6.8 2 - 2 X 6 X 6.8 X COS 130°
:. x = J6 2 +6.8 2 -2 x 6 x 6.8 x cos130° {as x > O}
... x ~ ll.6
The remaining side is about 11.6 m in length.

4 a Using the sine rule,

X 8
sin 52° sin43°
•
8 x sin52°
• • X=
sin43°
.°. X ~ 9.24
10 2 + 12 2 - 11 2
b Using the cosine rule, cos 0 = ------
2 X 10 X 12
-1 10 2 +12 2 -11 2
•
• • 0 = cos
2 X 10 X 12

... 0 = cos - l ( ~~~ )

12m
... 0 ~ 59.2°
c Using the cosine rule,
x 2 = 42 + 92 - 2 X 4 X 9 X COS 37°
37°
4cm
.°. X = ✓4 2 + 92 - 2 X 4 X 9 X COS 37° {as x > O}
.°. X ~ 6.28
xcm

5 By the cosine rule:

DB 2 = 72 + 112 - 2 X 7 X 11 X cos 110° A ,-----------.-..
11cm B
110° •• •
...••••
... DB= ✓1 2 + 112 2 7 11 X cos 110° {as DB>O} -· -·
••
- X X
-· -·
-·•

• -·-·
~ 14.922 cm
Total area = area 6ABD + area 6BCD
~ ½x 7 x 11 x sin110° + ½x 16 x 14.922 x sin40°
C
~ 113 cm 2

9 2 + 12 2 - 17 2
6 By the cosine rule: cos0=-----
2 X 9 X 12

• 0 = cos-1 92 + 122 -172

• •
2 X 9 X 12

... 0 = cos - l ( 2 f:)

17c1n
• 0 ~ 107.2°
• •

So, area of triangle~ ½x 9 x 12 x sin 107.2°

~ 51.6 cm 2
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A 407

2 2 2
7 a By the cosine rule: 7 = x + 8 - 2 xx x 8 x cos60°
2
: . 49 = x + 64 - l6x x ½
2
.•. x - 8x + 15 = 0
:. (x-3)(x-5) =0
.•. x = 3 or 5 xcm

b There are two possible values for x, so Kady can draw

two triangles:

7cm

So, Kady's response should be that she needs more

information to know which triangle to draw.

8 a By the cosine rule:

M
212 = x 2 + 32 - 2 X X X 3 X COS 120° xcm
2
:. 441 = x + 9 - 6x x ( -½)
2 0
:. x + 3x - 432 = 0 L 21cm
2
b x = -3 ± J3 - 4(1)(-432)
2(1)
-3 ± v1737
2
= -~2 ± 3✓193
2

But x > 0, so x = -~ + 3
'193
~ 19.3
c Perimeter of triangle LMO ~ 3 + 21 + 19.3 cm
~ 43.3 cm

9 Two of the angles are 35° and 82°. A

.•. the third angle = 180° - 35° - 82° {angles in a triangle}
= 63°
C
Area of triangle = ½ab sin C
. •. 40 = lab
2 sin 35° 82°
C a B
:. absin35° = 80
80
• a= --- •••• (1)
•• bsin35°
b a
Using the sine rule:
sin A sinB
•
a b
• •
sin 63° sin 82°
bsin 63°
• a= --- •••• (2)
•• sin 82°
408 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A

80 bsin 63°
Equating (1) and (2) gives
bsin 35° sin82°
2
•
• • 80 sin 82° = b sin 63° x sin 35°
. b2 = 80 sin 82°
• •
sin 63° x sin 35°

80sin 82°
• •
•
b= {as b > O}
sin 63° x sin 35°
• •
•
b ~ 12.5 cm
80
• •
• a~ {using (l)}
12.5 sin 35°
• •
• a~ 11.2 cm
a C
Also, by the sine rule:
sin A sinC
11.2 C
.
• •
--- ~--
~

sin 63° sin 35°

11.2 sin 35°
•
• •
c~----
sin63°
:. c ~ 7.21 cm
So, the triangle has sides of length ~ 7.21 cm, ~ 11.2 cm, and ~ 12.5 cm.

10 F

E 3m

A 6m D

In DADE, DE= J6 + 32
2 = y45 m. {Pythagoras}
In DCDG, DG = J 42 + 32 = -J25= 5 m. {Pythagoras}
In DEGH, EG = J 62 + 42 = ~ m. {Pythagoras}
By rea1Tangement of the cosine rule,
-/S2n1
E~---------.G cos 0 = (As")2 + 52 - (v'52)2
2As° X 5
45 + 25 - 52
lOAs°
18
lOAs°
D 18
~ 74.4°
lOAs°
•
• •
-
EDG measures about 74.4 ° .
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A 409

AC 10
11 A Using the sine 1ule in 6ACD,
sin 102° sin 32°
:. AC= 10 x sin 102°
B sin 32°
.•. AC ~ 18.5 cm
.......
D ACD = 180° - 32° - 102° {angles in a triangle}
= 46°
.......
.•. BCA = 90° - 46°
46° c 44°
= 44°
.......
:. BAC = 180° - 44° - 68° {angles in a triangle}
= 68°
....... .......
Now, BAC = ABC = 68°
.•. 6ABC is isosceles with AC = BC
:. BC~ 18.5 cm
:. X ~ 18.5

Using the cosine rule in 6ABC, y2 = x2 + x2 - 2 xx xx x cos44°

:. y ~ ✓18.5 2 + 18.52 - 2 X 18.52 X cos44° {as y > O}
:. y~l3.8

11 Let AC be x km. ••
••
Now AC+ CB = x + 10 /60°
C • 10 km ..·• B
and AB = x + 10 - 4 , ,,
, ,•
,
,,
=x+6km ,,
, ,•
,
....... , ,,
,

ACB = 180° - 60° {angles on a line} ,

,•
,•
, ,,
= 120° , , ,,
,

, ,,
,
By the cosine rule: , , •
, ,,

,•
2 2 2 ,,
(x + 6) = x + 10
2 X X X 10 X cos 120° -
,,
, ,•
,
2 2 ,,
: . x + l 2x + 36 = x + 100 - 20x x ( -½) ,,
, ,•
,
,,
: . l2x + 36 = 100 + lOx A
:. 2x = 64
.°. X = 32
So, the boat travelled 32 + 10 = 42 km.

13 a Using the sine rule, A

.......
sin ABC sin 42°
7 5
. AB
.......
C= 7 x sin 42°
----
.• . Sln 5 C B

.·. AB
.......
C -_ s1·n-1 ( 7 x s5in420) • supp 1ement
or its
.......
.•. ABC ~ 69.52° or 180° - 69.52°
.......
:. ABC~ 69.5° or 110.5°
410 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9A
,,,,.__ ,,,,.__
b For ABC ~ 69.5°, CAB ~ 180° - 42° - 69.5° {angles in a triangle}
~ 68.5°
area of 6ABC ~ ½x 7 x 5 x sin 68.5°
~ 16.3 cm 2
,,,,.__ ,,,,.__
For ABC~ 110.5°, CAB~ 180° - 42° - 110.5° {angles in a triangle}
~ 27.5°

area of 6ABC ~ ½x 7 x 5 x sin 27.5°

~ 8.09 cm 2

14 Suppose dune buggy X travels to P, and dune buggy N

Y travels to Q.
,,,,.__ p
x..+-_2_0_0_m_...,.
NXY = 360° - 215° {angles at a point}

,,,,.__
= 145°
QYX = 180° - 145° {co-interior angles}
= 35°
Using the cosine rule in 6QXY,
QX 2 = 1002 + 500 2 - 2 X 100 X 500 X cos 35° Q

:. QX = J100 2 + 5002 - 2 x 100 x 500 x cos35° 100m

35°
:. QX ~ 422.0 m y
,,,,.__
sinQXY sin 35°
Using the sine rule in 6QXY,
100 QX
. QXY,,,,.__
100 sin 35°
• •• Sln ~ ----
422.0
:. QXY ~ sin-l (100sin35°)
422.0
,,,,.__
:. QXY ~ 7.81 °
,,,,.__ ,,,,.__
Now, PXQ = 215° - 90° + QXY
~ 215° - 90° + 7.81 °
~ 132.81 °
Using the cosine rule in 6PXQ,
PQ 2= 200 2 + QX 2 - 2 x 200 x QX x cosPXQ
.•. PQ ~ j200 2 + (422.0) 2 - 2 X 200 X 422.Q X cos 132.81 °
:. PQ ~ 576.9 m
The dune buggies X and Y are now approximately 577 m apart.
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonomet1y) Review set 9B 411

1 a 11cm By the cosine rule:

132 + 192 - 112
cos x 0 = ------
13 CITI 2 X 13 X 19

0 _ 132 + 192 - 112

.'. X =COS l
2 X 13 X 19

.-. x = cos- (!~~)

0 1
.'. X::::::::34.1

b 15km By the cosine 1ule:

72° 2 2 2
x = 15 + 17 - 2 X 15 X 17 X COS 72°
17km
.'. X = ✓15 2 + 172 - 2 X 15 X 17 X COS 72°
.' . 18.9
X ::::::::

2 Let the included angle be 0.

area= 80 cm2
.-. ½x 11.3 x 19.2 x sin 0 = 80
160 19.2 CITI
•
• • sin 0 = -- - --
11.3 X 19.2
• - l ( ---- 160
:. 0 = sin ) • suppl ement
or its
11.3 X 19.2
.'. 0 ::::::::
4 7.5° or 180° - 4 7.5°
.'. 0 ::::::::
4 7.5° or 132.5°
So, the included angle is either ::::::::
4 7.5° or 132.5°.

3 a Using the cosine rule:

52 + 52 - 32
3cm cos0=----
2x5x6

• 0 = cos-1 52 + 52 - 32
• •
5cm 2x5x6

... 0 = cos- l ( ~)
.'. 0 :=:::::29.9°
b 11 cm Using the cosine rule:
8 2 + 11 2 - 152
cos0=-----
2 X 8 X 11

• B=cos-1 82+112-152
• •
2 X 8 X 11
1
.-. 0 = cos- ( ~ig)
... 0 ::::::::
103°
412 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B

4 a C Using the cosine rule:

A AC 2 = 112 + 9.8 2 - 2 x 11 x 9.8 x cos74°
:. AC= J11 2 +9.8 2 -2x 11 x9.8xcos74°
• AC
• • ~ 12.554 cm
B
.•. AC~ 12.6 cm
sinACB sin 74°
Using the sine rule,
11 AC
. AC
.......
B • 11 x sin 74°
• • Sln ~ ----
12.554
• ACB ~ sin-l ( 11 x sin 74°) or its supplement
•• 12.554
.......
:. ACB ~ 57.4° or 180° - 57.4°
.......
:. ACB ~ 57.4° or 122.6°
t
impossible as 122.6° + 74° > 180°
.......
.•. ACB measures about 57.4°
.......
and BAC measures 180° - 74° - 57.4° ~ 48.6° .
.......
b Q PRQ = 180° - 46° - 83° {angles in a triangle}
= 51°
R
Using the sine rule,
PQ 10 QR 10
and
sin 51° sin83° sin46° sin83°
p
.'. PQ = 10 x sin 51° .'. QR=10 x sin46°
sin 83° sin 83°
.•. PQ ~ 7.83 cm :. QR~ 7.25 cm
C X

y
19cm z
Using the cosine rule:
....... 142 + 162 - 192 ....... 142 + 192 - 162
cos YXZ = ----- cosXYZ = -----
2 X 14 X 16 2 X 14 X 19
----- _1 142 + 162 - 192 ----- _1 142 + 192 - 162
.. . Yx 2 = cos .'. Xy 2 = cos
2 X 14 X 16 2 X 14 X 19
.......
.•. YXZ = cos- 1 (; 418 ) 1
.•. XYZ = cos- (~~~)
....... .......
.•. YXZ ~ 78.3° .•. XYZ ~ 55.5°
....... ....... .......
XZY = 180° - YXZ - XYZ {angles in a triangle}
~ 180° - 78.3° - 55.5°
.......
• XZY
• • ~ 46.2°
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B 413

5 a Using the sine rule,

X 6
sin 39° sin 33°
•
6 x sin 39°
• • X=
sin33°
.". X ~ 6.93

b Using the cosine rule,

x2 = 8 2 + 72 - 2 X 8 X 7 X cos 99°
.". X = ✓8 2 + 7 2 - 2 X 8 X 7 X COS 99°

xcm .". X ~ 11.4

C The unknown angle is

180° - 32° - 115° {angles in a triangle}
= 33°
xm X 4.3
Using the sine rule,
sin 115° sin 33°
•
4.3 x sin 115°
• • X=
sin 33°
:. x~7.16
d Using the sine rule,
sinx 0 sin 100°
5.2 9
. 5.2 x sin 100°
.". SlilX
0
= -----
9cm 9
. -1 (5.2 x sin 100°)
.". X = Slil
9
.". X ~ 34.7

2 135
6 shot put,
The throwing circle has radius • = 1.0675 m.
2
••
f OS= 1.0675 + 17.64
(

/ 17.64 m s
/ = 18.7075 m
Paul (
,___,.-:
•• •• 17.64m
\.40'!l
• •
~
•• •• ··-- I_/_
·:···_P
•• •• ••
••
:=::==:=iiit::===:::::: •
\• 1.0675m
••
\ 20°
0

Using the cosine rule,

2
PS = 1.0675 2
+ 18. 7075 2 - 2 X 1.0675 X 18.7075 X COS 20°
... PS= ✓1.0675 2 + 18.7075 2 - 2 x 1.0675 x 18.7075 x cos 20° {as PS> O}
:. PS~l7.7m
So, Paul actually put the shot approximately 17. 7 m.
414 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B

7 Let the height of the tree be h m.

h 50
Using the sine rule,
sin8° sin 72°
h = 50 x sin8°
•
•• sin 72° ,,•'18° ,•
••
.• -·· 80
' -
1-"·············
,,•· 10° □
'
:. h ~ 7.32 ........................... .....

1---50m
So, the tree is about 7.32 m high.

8 The unknown angle is 180° - 68° - 71 ° {angles in a triangle}

= 41°
AB 150
Using the sine rule, A
sin 71° sin 41°
. AB = 150 x sin 71°
•• sin 41° 150m
:. AB~ 216.18 m

Also using the sine rule,

BC 150 c-----~B
sin68° sin 41°
. BC=
150 x sin68°
• •
sin41 °
:. BC~ 211.99 m
So, the perimeter of the triangle~ 150 + 216.18 + 211.99 m
~578 m
Area of the triangle = ½be sin A
~ ½X 150 X 216.18 X sin 68°
2
~15000m

.,,,..__

9 N ASP = 210° - 113° = 97°

By the cosine rule:
113° AP2 = 310 2 + 430 2 - 2 X 310 X 430 X cos 97°
s
:. AP= J310 2 + 430 2 - 2 x 310 x 430 x cos97°
{as AP>O}
N : . AP ~ 559.90 m
sin0 sin 97°
Using the sine rule,
430 AP
A . 430 x sin 97°
• •• Sln 0~ -----
559.90
• 0 ~
. _ 1 ( 430 x sin 97° )
Sln
• •
559.90
... 0 ~ 49.664°
.,,,..__

Now ASN = 360° - 210° {angles at a point}

= 150°
So, Peter is about 560 m from Alix on a bearing of (180° - 150°) + 49.664°
~ 079.7°
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B 415

10 Using the cosine rule in 6ABC:

91n C
B--~~_.?7' ..•• AC 2 = 7 2 + 9 2 - 2 X 7 X 9 X cos 105°
105° •
..
·••
✓12 + 9 2 - 2
•
••
• ••
• ... AC= X 7 X 9 X cos 105° {as AC> O}
71n ••
••
• • 10m
• • •• :. AC~ 12.75 m
• ••
•
••
••
• •
Using the cosine rule in 6ACD:
A------,~--J12m D _,.__ 122 + 102 - 12.752
cos ADC~ ------
2 X 12 X 10
. ADC~ cos-1 122 + 102 - 12.752
• •
2 X 12 X 10
.,,...._
: . ADC ~ 70.2°
Using the sine rule in 6ABC: Using the sine rule in 6ACD:
_,.__ _,.__
sin BAC sin 105° sin CAD sin 70.2°
---~---
9 AC 10 AC
. BA.,,...._C
9 x sin 105° . CA.,,...._D
10 x sin 70.2°
••• Slll ~ ---- • •• Slll ~ -----
12.75 12.75
:. BAC ~ sin-I (9 x sin 105°) ... CAD ~ sin-I ( 10 x sin 70.2°)
12.75 12.75
.,,...._ .,,...._
: . BAC ~ 43.0° :. CAD~ 47.5°
Now BAD = BAC
.,,...._
+ CAD
:. BAD~ 43.0° + 47.5°
.,,...._
.•. BAD~ 90.5°
.,,...._ .,,...._ .,,...._
Also, BCD = 360° - 105° - BAD - ADC
{angles in a quadrilateral}
~ 255° - 90.5° - 70.2°
~ 94.3°

11 Q Using the sine rule,

sinQ sin47°
9.6 11
9.6 x sin47°
llm •
• • sinQ =
11
. - l ( 9. 6 x sin 47° )
•
• • Q = Slll
11
47°
p R • Q ~ 39.7°
9.6m • •

11 a By the cosine rule:

B
r-::.·-
..~. ----c BD 2 = 1202 + 1252 - 2 X 120 X 125 X cos 75°
••
• ••
••
••
•• ... BD = ✓120 2 + 1252 - 2 X 120 X 125 X cos 75°
••••
... 300 90 m {as BD > O}
•

.•. BD ~ 149.2 m
l~§:_-,~---D The area of the block
Al}.. 120n1
= area of 6ABD + area of 6BCD
~ ½X 120 X 125 X sin 75° + ½X 149.2 X 90 X sin30°
~ 10600 m 2
416 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B

2
b Area~ 10600 m
2
~ (10 600-=- 10 000) ha {10 000 m = 1 ha}
~ 1.06 ha

13 a B By the cosine rule, 62 = x 2 + 82 - 2 x x x 8 x cos 44°

:. 36 = x 2 + 64 - l6x x cos44°
:. x 2 -ll.51x+28:::::;0
. X 11.51 ± Jll.51
:=::=; 2 - 4(1)(28)
•• 2
44°
A"----------' C ±
11.51 4.524
8m • •• X :=::=;
-----
2
: . x :=::=;
8.02 or 3.49
Frank needs additional information as B
there are two possible cases:
(1) when AB :::::;8.02 m and B
(2) when AB :::::;3.49 m

A~------~c A~------~c
8m 8m
Case (I) Case (2)
b The area of the plot is a maximum when x :=::=;
8.02 m.
Volume= area x depth
= ½X 8 X X X sin 44 ° X O.1 {10 cm_ 0.1 m}
:::::;
4 X 8.02 X sin44° X 0.1
2. 23 m 3
:::::;

•
14 a I The sum of the interior angles of a regular hexagon is
M (6 - 2) X 180° = 720°.
A ---------------------------
B . AME = 7200 = 1200
•• 6

By the cosine rule in DAMB:

AB 2 = 122 + 122 - 2 X 12 X 12 X cos 120°
:. AB= ✓12 2 + 122 - 2 x 12 x 12 x cos120° {as AB> O}
.•. AB :::::;
20.8 mm
ii Area of the hexagon = 2 x area of DAMB + area of rectangle M
2 X ½X 12
:::::; X 12 X sin 120° + 20.8 X 12
37 4 mm 2
:::::; A.£...._----~B

b Area of circular hole in nut = 1r x ( !) 2

= l61r mm 2
Volume of nut 8mm
= area of base x height
c =>
= ( area of hexagon - area of circular hole) x height 7mm
(37 4 - l61r) x 7 mm 3
:::::;
2270 mm 3
:::::;
 Chapter 9 (Non-right angled triangle trigonometry) Review set 9B 417
.......
15 a Let BAC = 0, so A= ½besin 0 B
2 2
: . A = (½be sin 0)
--4 lb 2 c2 sin 2 0
b2c2 2
C
=- x (1 - cos 0)
4
b2c2
= -(1 + cos 0)(1 - cos 0)
4 A
b2 + c2 - a2
Using the cosine rule, cos0= ----
2 bc

b2 + c2 - a2 b2 + c2 - a2
l + 2bc
l-----
2bc

A2 = _b2_c_2 b2 + c2 - a2 b2 + c2 - a2
b l + 2bc
1------
4 2bc

b2 + c2 - a2 b2 + c2 - a2
l + 2bc
1-----
2bc

2bc + b2 + c2 - a
2 2bc - b2 - c 2 + a2
2bc 2bc

= tg(b 2 + 2bc + c2 - a 2 )(a 2 - (b2 - 2bc + c2 ))

= i\((b + c) 2 - a 2 )(a 2 - (b - c) 2 )
= i\(b + c + a)(b + c - a)(a - b + c)(a + b - c)
= (a+:+c) (b+;-a) (a-:+c) (a+:-c)

= (a+:+c) (a+!+c_a) (a+!+c_b) (a+!+c_c)

= s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) where s = _a_+_b_+_c

2

:. A= js(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) {as A>O}