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UPDATED TO 2024-2025 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
ISLAMIYAT
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE PAPER 2 SYLLABUS
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Main Teachings
Best believers are ready to sacrifice for Islam
1. Major Teachings Of Hadiths Refers to spiritual and financial Jihad
Implementation
Strive by doing social work
1.1. Major Teachings Of Hadiths
Companions financially contributed to Tabuk
Hadith 1 Hadith 8
Main Teachings Main Teachings
Islam is based on sincerity Martyr are also people who die practising Islam
Strong belief in Tawhid Allah rewards people who are obedient to Him
Be sincere to Islam and people Implementation
Respect and care for everyone Muslims can engage in other types of Jihad
Implementation Fulfill rights of humans and Allah
Sincere to Allah and Quran by following Sharia Hadith 9
Sincerity to the Prophet was shown by his Main Teachings
Companions when they stood by him. Earn from lawful means
Hadith 2 Respect is earned by doing hard work
Main Teachings Implementation
Have concern for others around us Stay away from corruption and bribery
This is part of our faith Be self-sufficient and grateful
Implementation All Prophets earned by doing hard work
Countries giving refuge to people Hadith 10
Give Zakaat to help people Main Teachings
Think good about each other Human rights are as important as the Rights of
Hadith 3 Allah
Main Teachings Should help people vulnerable to society
Every Muslim should be kind Implementation
Should talk good and be hospitable Be aware of the needs of people and fulfill them
Implementation Abu Bakr used to help an old widow
Not curse or backbite Hadith 11
Be calm during conflicts and try to solve them Main Teachings
Abu Talha fed his hungry guests though he barely Great reward for people who care for orphans
had food and this was appreciated by Allah Reminds people to be kind and just to orphans
Hadith 4 Implementation
Main Teachings Provide financial assistance and food to orphans
Islam is a simple religion Prophet(pbuh) was always kind to orphans
For Paradise, one has to follow basic rules Hadith 12
Implementation Main Teachings
Practise 5 pillars Highlights responsibilities of rulers
Be mindful of Haram and Halal Tells them to treat people with love
Hadith 5 Implementation
Main Teachings Remember Allah has all authority
Always look for ease of people
Give examples of charity to follow in daily life
Worship includes acts of kindness too He (pbuh) would listen to the problems of people
Implementation Hadith 13
Perform actions with the intention of helping Main Teachings
others Read the Quran and implement it
Prophet (pbuh) used to share meals with poor The Quran keeps Muslims from going astray
Hadith 6 Implementation
Main Teachings Read the Quran daily with meaning
Prevent others from evil Perform tarawih for recitation of the Quran
Not doing this is the weakest response Hadith 14
Implementation Main Teachings
Correct social evils such as reporting theft Principles of business transactions
Make people aware or the wrong Be kind and fair in dealings
He (pbuh) prevented Meccans from wrong acts Implementation
Hadith 7 Not take too much profit or interest

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Return money on time Alignment with reason, common sense, and natural
Khadija married Prophet(pbuh) for his honesty laws
Hadith 15 Shouldn’t accuse the Prophet's family or companions
Main Teachings No excessive praise for specific individuals or tribes
Muslims to be kind and merciful No severe punishments for minor offenses
Allah rewards people who have these traits No exaggerated rewards for insignificant deeds
Implementation Non-fabricated reports or admissions of fabrication by
Do small acts of kindness the narrator
Prophet(pbuh) forgave Quraish An unbroken chain of narrators
Hadith 16 Narrators should be:
Main Teachings Trustworthy
Declare Muslims as one brotherhood Pious
Muslims should support each other Knowledgable
Implementation Have good memory
Help Muslims in war-torn countries Of mature age
Ansars helped Muhajirs in 622 AD Muslim
Hadith 17 Mentally stable
Main Teachings Direct interaction between narrators and individuals
Being modest brings peace sharing the hadith
Be respectful of society Higher qualifications of the narrator increase the
Implementation authority of hadith
Not be extremist or liberal Approved or Hasan Hadith
Prophet(pbuh) never spoke loudly Similar to Authentic hadith
Appreciate Allah’s blessings The only difference was that some narrators had
Hadith 18 defective memory
Main Teachings Weak or Zae’ef Hadith
Be humble as pride leads to hell If any narrator in the chain was known to be a liar or
True faith makes people close to Allah have a bad memory
Implementation If he had not met the person he was supposed to be
Not be arrogant by following Prophet(pbuh) narrating from
Iblis was thrown out due to his pride Fabricated Hadith
Hadith 19 When a saying or action was attributed to the Prophet
Main Teachings that he had not said or done, the hadith was said to be
The right path is tough but leads to Paradise fabricated.
Wrong path is easy but leads to Hell
Implementation 2.2. Compilation of Hadith
Reject all types of attractions that lead to hell
Quraish bribed the Prophet (pbuh) but he rejected By companions
it People were demanding hadiths
Hadith 20 Many companions started to spread his hadith
Main Teachings Abu Huraira narrated 5374 hadith
Allah does not look at the worldly status of people Abdullah Bin Umar narrated 2630
Allah only cares about our intentions and deeds Anas Bin Malik narrated 2286
Implementation Hazrat Ayesha narrated 2210
Actions based on sincerity, not for false praises By Successors of Companions
Bilal was appointed as muezzin for his faith Compiled hadiths in journals called Suhuf
Orally transmitted from teachers to students

2. History and Importance of Imam Malik Bin Anas and Imam Ahmed Bin Hanibal
were main compilers

Hadiths By Successors of Successors

Sahih Bukhari of Muhammad Ibn Ismail al Bukhari
Travelled collected 600,000 hadiths
2.1. Types of Hadiths Selected 7397 hadiths as authentic
Divided them into 97 books by subject
Authentic or Sahih Hadith Added commentary
Consistency with other authentic hadiths, Quran, Ijma, Sahih Muslim of Muslim ibn al Hajjaj
and basic Islamic principles Student of Imam Bukhari

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Divided 12000 authentic hadiths into 54 books by
subjects
Sunan of Abu Daud
Student of Imam Hanibal
Spent 20 years collecting hadiths
Chose 4800 authentic hadiths from 500,000
Jami al Tirmizi of Tirmizi
Student of Imam Bukhari
Contains 3950 hadiths
Divided by subject with critical reports
Included Hasan Hadiths
Sunan of Nasai contains 5750 hadiths
Sunan of ibn Majah contains 4000 hadiths
Shia compilation of hadiths
Al Kafi fi ilm al-din by Muhammad ibn Yaqab
Man la Yahduruhu al-fiqh by Muhammad Babuya
TahzIib al ahkam by Muhammad al tusi
2.3. Collection of Hadiths
Musnad
Hadiths grouped by their second transmitter
E.g: Musnad of Abu Bakr
Valuable for people who follow a specific person
Founder was Imam Hanibal
Musannaf
Hadiths grouped by their subject
Eg: Musunnaf of Zakaat
Founder was Imam Malik bin Anas
Sahih Sitta follow this technique
2.4. Reliability of Hadith
Isnad
Chain of transmitters
A perfect isnad starts from a companion
Transmitters should be honest
Should have met each other
Have good memory
Of the age that they understand hadith
Matn
Context of hadiths
A perfect matn does not contradict Quran
Not against common sense or facts
Not accuse companions or praise a tribe
Not promise high rewards for small deeds and vice
versa
Be in Quraish dialect with no bad words
2.5. Hadiths used in Legal Thinking, and
its relationship with the Qur’an, Ijma
and Qiyas
Hadith and Quran
They are 2nd primary source of Islamic Law
Ayesha said “Life of Prophet(pbuh) is an example of
Quran”
It is used when the Quran is silent on a matter, e.g.
inheritance given to the grandmother is not
mentioned in the Quran, but comes from Hadith
In Quran it is not told how to give Zakaat but hadith
says “No charity tax is due on property less than 5
Uqaiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
camels and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
wasq”
Ijma
Used when Quran and Hadith are silent on matter
It can’t contradict Quran and Hadith
Qiyas
Used when all sources can’t solve a problem
Qiyas use a ruling from Quran or Hadith
It can’t cancel the teachings of Quran and Hadith
3. Rightly Guided Khalifas
3.1. Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr
Election
Ansars wanted to be caliph
Abu Bakr said to elect a Quraish
Ansars proposed 2 leaders
Hazrat Umar emphasized that there can only be 1
Ameer
Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr
Later everyone pledged allegiance to him
Chosen as new Khalifa
Expedition to Syria
Prophet(pbuh) had ordered expedition to Syria
Now Madinah was surrounded by hostile tribes
Abu Bakr yet sent the army under Usama Bin Zaid
It was successful
Refusal to pay Zakaat
Many tribes refused to pay Zakaat
Abu Bakr rejected this
Attacked Muslims when army was in Syria
Prevented from entering Madinah
When army arrived Abu Bakr attacked them
The tribes lost
Apostasy Movement against false prophets
Aswad Ansi
Arose in Yemen
Hid his face by a veil
Killed by Persian Muslim Firoze
Tulhaya
Leader of Banu Asad and Ghaftan
Khalid Bin Waleed fought him in 630 AD
Fled to Syria where he accepted Islam later
Musailma
From Banu Hanifa in Yamama
Used to copy Prophet(pbuh)

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Distorted teachings of Quran
Prophet(pbuh) called him an arch liar
Killed in Battle of Yamama by Muslims
Sajjah
Arab Christian women from Banu Tamim
Married to Musailma
After his death fled to Iraq and accepted Islam
Battle of Yamama
Against musailma
Sent Ikrimah and told him to wait for Shurahbil
Ikrimah fought and was defeated
Shurahbil was told to stay but he fought and was
defeated
Khalid Bin Walid came and fought
Had to retreat
While front ranks fought Khalid attacked Musailma’s
camp
They fortified themselves in a garden
Muslims climbed and fight started
Musailma was killed by killer of Hazrat Hamza
Many Hafiz died resulting in compilation of Quran
Expansion of Islamic Empire
People in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah, Yemen and
Hadramaut apostatized Islam thus Abu Bakr fought
against them and took over
Campaign against Persians
Persians helped apostasy movement
In 633 an army under Khalid bin Waleed went to
Persians who chose to fought
In battle of chains Persians linked themselves with
chains for unity but it resulted in Muslims winning
as they couldn’t fight or retreat
Persians went to Mazar where muslims won
They went to Walaja where Muslims again won
Went to Ullies where Muslims won
Fled to Hira which was also captured
Went to Anbar where the governor surrendered
En at tamer was also captured
Campaign against Byzantines
In 634 AD 7000 men gathered to fight the
Byzantines who were plotting against Muslims
They were divided into 4 corps under Shurahbil,
Abu Ubaida, Amr bin Aas and Yazeed
To secure front Khalid Bin Walid took over Syria
Then went to Basra with Shurahbil and Abu
Ubaida. Romanus the leader accepted Islam so
Byzantines locked themselves. Romanus let
Muslims in and Basra was captured
Byzantines gathered at Ajnadien. 40,000 Muslims
went there and won
Marched to Damascus but retreated as Hazrat
Abu Bakr had died
Hazrat Abu Bakr died in 13 AH because of illness
Administration
Divided empire into province
Each province had a governor who would lead prayer
administer justice and maintained law
Governor had an Amil who would collect taxes
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Officials were selected on merit
Strict standard for accounting of public money
Non-Muslims were given freedom
Each matter was handled according to Sharia
3.2. Caliph Hazrat Umar
Election
Nominated by Abu Bakr and everyone accepted
Wars with Persians
Rustom was sent by Persians to take revenge, Battle
of Namraq took place and Muslims won
Battle of Jasr
Persians under Bahman went to take revenge
Euphrated laid between the 2 armies
Abu Ubaid decided to cross the river
Horses went out of control as they had never seen
Persian Elephants
Ordered to cut howdahs to kill Persians
Elephants trampled so Muslim commanders died
one by one
Bridge was also cut so Musana ordered to build
the bridge thus they retreated
6000 Muslims died
Battle of Buwaib
Muslims sent to fight the Persians, who were
under the rule of Mehran
Persians were told to cross the river this time
Jarir ibn Abdullah killed Mehran, so the Persians
lost hope
Muslims captured the bridge after the Persians
fled
The entire Persian army was defeated, with many
Persians dying
Battle of Qadsiya
Muslims camped at Qadsiya
King was invited to Islam but he disrespected
Stand-off of 3 months lasted
Rustum attacked while Saad led from bed
3rd day Rustum was killed and Persians retreated
Battle of Jalula
Persian King took refuge in fortified Jalula
Muslims laid a siege for 7 months
Persians launched an offensive
Muslim commander Qaka pulled back
A storm blew on Persians and they ran away
Jalula was captured
Battle of Nahwand
Persians were planning an attack
So muslims marched to them at Nahwand
Persians fortified in trenches
To get them out Nauman the commander ordered
the cavalry to attack and then at night the rest of
army would attack
Nauman died but Muslims continued
Dark led Persians to their own death
The town surrendered
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Wars with Byzantines
Muslims went to Damascus and took over
Battle of Fihl
Maaz Bin Jabal was sent with 3 options for
Persians and they chose to fought
Khalid Bin Waleed drew the forces in and then
launched an offensive thus Muslims won
Battle of Yurmuk
Heraculis ordered an attack on Muslims
Muslims gave 3 options which were rejected
Battle started and Khalid Bin Waleed lured
Byzantines to rough terrain
A storm also blew on them so they ran away
Fall of Jerusalem
Fortified as sacred to Jews and Christian
Seige was laid but citizens surrendered on
condition that Hazrat Umar should come
Hazrat Umar walked in while walking camel
People said “Islam has exalted all religions”
A treaty was signed
Conquest of Egypt
Amr Bin Aas started to conquer towns of Egypt
Fustat surrendered after 7 month of siege
King sent army to Alexandria and s siege started
Heraclius died so Muslims intensified their attack
and Alexandria was conquered
Martyrdom
Firoz a Persian slave complained to Hazrat Umar
about his a lot of taxes
His tax was 2 dirhams per diem
Umar said the amount was okay as he worked as a
carpenter, painter and ironsmith
Firoz struck Umar with a dagger while he was leading
morning prayer
The wound was Fatal and he died in Dhul Hajjah 23 AH
Administration
Made Majlis-e-shura consisting of eminent
companions. It was always consulted
Judiciary was made and Qazis were introduced
Each province was placed under a wali who was the
military and religious head
Provinces divided into districts placed under amils
Call them to Hajj and heard their complaints
Received secret reports on officers
Officials would send particulars of their property to
check if they are corrupt or not
Established department of education, jails, police and
finance.
New taxes were introduced
Surplus was distributed among Muslims
Civilian were not allowed in cantonments
Arabs not allowed to buy property in territories
Non-Muslims were given freedom and old, poor and
disabled were exempted from paying Jizya
Introduced pension
Built towns and roads
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3.3. Caliph Hazrat Usman
Election
Hazrat Umar nominated Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Usman,
Zubair, Talha, Saad bin abi Waqas and Abdur Rehman
bin Auf for Caliph
Abdur Rahman rejected it and Talha was not here
Decided that Abdur Rahman would choose
Saad supporter Usman, Zubair supported Ali and
Usman while Usman and Ali supported each other
Abdur Rehman consulted other people and Hazrat
Usman was chosen as Khalifa
Declared Khalifa on 4th Muharram 24 AH
Causes of revolt against Hazrat Usman
People took advantage of his soft nature
Hypocrite Jews under Abdullah bin Saba rose and
caused rift among Hazrat Ali and Usman. He was
exiled to Egypt where he rose to fame
Rivalry between Arabs and Non-Arabs increased as
Arabs started to settle in their territories
Prophet (pbuh) was a Hashemite while Usman was an
Umayyad so Hashemite could not tolerate him
Charges against Hazrat Usman
He had appointed inefficient relatives as governors.
But his relatives were appointed only in 4 provinces. 1
of those was appointed by Hazrat Umar and the other
2 were appointed in public interest.
He did not exercise control over his companions but
he just trusted them and gave them liberty
He had burnt the copies of Quran but the copies with
wrong dialect of Quran were only burnt
He had lost the ring of Prophet (pbuh) intentionally but
in reality it was lost while he was directing a
construction
He has changed the structure of Masjid-e-Nabawi but
he just expanded it
Rebellion and death
In 656 AD some protesters entered Madinah
Hazrat Ali acted as an intermediary and advised
Hazrat Usman to remove Abdullah and post Amr
The protesters wanted Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as
their governor
Their wish was fulfilled
On their way back they found a slave with a letter by
Usman ordering to kill some people
They went back and Hazrat Ali agreed to arbitrate
Hazrat Usman agreed that it was his slave but
rejected that he sent the letter
They besieged his house
He refused to fight and shed Muslim blood
After 50 days some rebels went in their house and
struck a sword in his forehead
His blood dropped on Surah Baqrah verse 137
His wife lost her fingers saving him
He died on 18th Dhul Hijjah 35 AH
Administration
Followed steps of first 2 Khalifas
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Held conferences with Walis and Ameers to hear their
complaints
Allowed Arabs to buy land in territories
Cantonments were extended
Canals and dams were built
Increased allowance of people by 25%
3.4. Caliph Hazrat Ali
Election
After 4 days the rebels decided to leave
Before leaving they offered the office of Khalifa to
Hazrat Ali who rejected it
Then they offered to ansars who also rejected and
Talha and Zubair did the same
They gave an ultimatum
Muslims assembled and leader of Egyptians said they
wanted a brave, pious and close companion of
Propeht(pbuh) as Khalifa
Hazrat Ali only this criteria so he took over the office
on 25th Dhul Hijjah 35 AH
Change of Governors
Suhail Bin Hanif was appointed in Syria, Saad bin
Ubadah in Egypt, Ummara Bin Sahab in Kufa, Usama
bin Hanif in Basra and Abdullah bin Abbas in Yemen
However Muawiya, governor of Syria refused to step
down.
Battle of Camel
Umayyads in Syria under Muawiya were asking to
avenge midst of Hazrat Usman
People in Makkah also joined
Hazrat Ali rejected to punish the assassins as he had
no evidence or peace in Empire
Talha and Zubair seeing this approached Hazrat
Ayesha and they raised an army against Hazrat Ali
Both armies met at Basra
Hazrat Ali sent a message to Hazrat Ayesha
explaining his reasons
They both negotiated
Hypocrites from both sides started the battle
Talha and Zubair were killed
Hazrat Ayesha’s camel was brought down thus the
battle was stopped and she was escorted back by
Muhammad bin Abu Bakr
Battle of Siffin
Syria under Muawiya didn’t allege to Hazrat Ali
Muawiya displayed blood-stained clothes of Hazrat
Usman in mosques
He even accused Hazrat Ali of being an accomplice in
this murder
He displayed Talha and Zubair as Martyrs
Soon this propaganda took over Iraq and Iran
Hazrat Ali wrote to Muawiya asking him to allege to
him or face war
Muawiya asked to avenge the death of Hazrat Usman
Thus both armies met at Siffin
Muawiya was losing so he ordered his first rank to
fasten Quran to their lances
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Hazrat Ali ordered his army to not fall into this trap but
they refused
The matter was taken to arbitration
Kharijites
These people were involved in revolt against Hazrat
Usman and his murder
They fought with Hazrat Ali at Siffin but responded to
Muawiyas call
On way back they insisted Hazrat Ali to attack when he
refused 12000 men distanced
These people believed in killing unbelievers and
recognized first 2 khalifas only
Arbitration
Abu Musa Ashari represented Hazrat Ali while Amr
Bin Aas was from Muawaiya’s side
They agreed that both should be deposed
But Amr bin Aas player foul and only agreed with
Hazrat Ali to be deposed
Thus everyone prepared for a second war
Battle of Nahrawan
On his way to attack Muawiya Hazrat Ali went to
Nahrawan to deal with Kharijites
All kharijites were killed except a few who escaped
Fall of Egypt
Hazrat Ali wanted to move against Muawiya but his
forces deserted him
In meantime, Muawiya ordered Amr bin Aas to
conquer Egypt
Decided that Muawiya would rule over Syria and Egypt
while Hazart Ali over rest of empire
Martyrdom
Kharijites decided to kill Hazrat Ali
Abdur Rehman ibn Muljim was selected On 18th
Ramadan 40 AH Muljim attacked Hazrat Ali with a
poisonous sword while he was leading morning prayer
in Kufa
He died on 21st Ramadan
His son Hasan killed Muljim next day
Administration
Followed first 3 Khalifas
The capital was moved to Kufa
4. Articles of Faith
4.1. Allah
Allah is one and supreme
Quran says “He is Allah the one and only”
Allah has no family nor He has any help
Quran says “no son has he begotten nor has he a partner
in his dominion”
If there was any help the world would be a mess
Allah’s power is beyond human thinking
Quran says “no vision can grasp him”
He has control over everything.
He can see what is hidden in minds and hearts
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Surah Ikhlas says “there is none like Him”
Muslims should follow His commands
Results in reward in this world and the next.
4.2. Angels
Angels are heavenly beings with the duty to serve Allah
Quran says “He does send down His angels with the
inspiration of His command”
They are not daughters or deities of Allah
They have no free will like jinns and humans
It is a sin to ask their help
Angels come to earth to help people
Some angels are:
Rizwan ruling over Heaven and Malik over Hell
Kiramann Katibin write our deeds as Quran says “Over
you are appointed angels to protect you kind and
honourable writing everything down”
Munkir and Nakir question the dead
Hazrat Izrael takes people’s souls
Hazrat Israfel will blow the trumpet on Last Day
Hazrat Mikael controls nature
Hazrat Jibrael chief of angels brought down
revelations and divine books, Quran says “The Lord of
Spirit has come down with it”
4.3. Revealed Books
Different apostles were sent with Divine Books
They were for a specific time and people
Their message was the same as Quran but people
changed those books
Quran says “They change their place”
Some Divine Books are:
Zaboor of Hazrat Daud
Torah revealed to Hazrat Musa
Quran says “And before this was Book of Moses as a
guide and mercy”
Bible revealed to Hazrat Isa
Quran says “We sent him the gospel: therein was
guidance and light and confirmation of Law”
Quran revealed to Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
It is the last divine message for everyone
It says “This is the Book in it is guidance”
4.4. Prophets
Prophets are people who receives Allah’s revelation
Quran says “We sent for every people and apostle”
Prophets guided people and spread Allah’s message
They are honest and dedicated who faced a lot of
persecution e.g. Ibrahim was thrown in fire
Allah also helps them e.g. He split sea for Musa
They were granted miracles too e.g. Isa was born without
a father and could cure the blind
Quran says “We make no distinction between one and
another of His Messengers”
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Some major prophets are Nuh, Ibrahim, Isa, Ishaq,
Yaqoob, Yusuf, Musa, Daud and Suleman.
The chain started from Adam and ended at Muhammad
(pbuh). Quran says “He is messenger of Allah and seal of
Prophets”
4.5. Predestination and Decree
Everything good or bad comes from Allah
Predestination means fixing a limit, the Quran says “We
have created everything in measure and proportion”
Everything is decided by Allah as the Quran says “He
knows what is behind before and after Him”
Our gender and date of birth and death are predestined
but our actions are not
Hazrat Ali asked a man to take care of his camel and
saddle. He ran away with the saddle and Ali could not give
him 50 dirhams. Ali saw his own saddle at the market. The
man had sold it for 50 dirhams.
Allah had destined 50 dirhams for man but what mattered
was how he earned it
4.6. Life after Death
Life on earth is temporary and we all will die
Quran says “It is righteousness to believe in Allah and the
Last Day”
First phase of life after death is the state of Barzakh
It is a life of grave which is temporary
Life after Day of Judgement is eternal
Quran says “One day the earth would be changed to a
new earth so would the heavens”
Everyone will die and then resurrected
Then will be accountable for their actions
Quran says “No injustices would be done that day”
Inmates of hand heaven will be given their accounts on
the right hand and inmates of hell on left
No relations would matter that day
Own body parts would witness against people
It is a physical experience
5. Pillars of Faith
5.1. Shahada, Declaration of Faith
Shahada is “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
who is one, who has no partners and I bear witness that
Muhammad is His servant and apostle”
The first part talks about Tawhid, oneness of Allah
He has authority over everything as Quran says “He has
power to dispose all affairs”
He doesn’t have any family or help, Surah Ikhlas says “He
is Allah one and only”
We should only worship Allah
The second part talks about Prophet(PBUH)
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Tells us to follow his sunnah as Quran says “He who obeys
the messenger obeys Allah”
He guided us and helped us not go astray
He is the last prophet as Quran says “But he is the
messenger of Allah and Seal of Prophets”
5.2. Prayers
Importance
Firstmost thing to be accountable of
Prophet(PBUH) said “Prayer is key to paradise”
Spiritually cleanses us as Quran says “prayer restrains
from shameful and unjust deeds”
Makes people punctual and humble
Strengthen belief in Allah as hadith says “You should
worship Allah as if you see Him”
Makes people realize they need Allah
Major part of faith as Hadith says “What stands
between a man and a disbeliever is the abandonment
of prayer
Conditions
Should be clean as Quran says “Allah doesn’t accept
prayers without purification
2 types of impurities are:
Hads-e-Asghar caused by answering call of nature
or vomiting
Hads-e-Akbar is caused by marital relations,
Menstruation, childbirth and alcohol
A person can clean himself by:
Performing wudhuh before prayer
First mouth is rinsed and then water is sniffed into
nostrils. Next face is washed and arms up to the
elbow. Ears are cleaned and head is wiped. Lastly
feet are washed.
Wudhuh becomes ineffective due to state of Hads-
e-Asghar, Hads-e-Akbar, sleeping and fainting.
To clean Hads-e-Akbar, Ghusl is performed in
which whole body is cleaned
If water is not available a person can perform
Tayummum
Bodies should be covered
Facing Qiblah and have intention to pray
Method
Hands down side niyat is offered
Allahu Akbar is recited with hands with ear
Qiyam starts in which Sana, Tasmiya, Tawaaz, Surah
Fatihah and some verses are recited
Bowing down “Glory to my Lord the great” is recited
thrice
Stand up and recite Tasmi and Tehmid
Prostate twice and recite “Glory to my lord, the most
High” thrice
Perform 2nd Rakaat
After Sajdah sit and recite tashhud and durud if there
are only 2 rakaats. If there are more than 2 only recite
tashhud. On last rakaat recite both
Do salaam
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Delayed Prayers are offered if a person miss a prayer due
to valid reason
A person can combine 2 prayers too
While travelling a person may shorten the rakaats to 2 for
15 days
Friday prayers are performed in congregation before
Zuhr. It contains a sermon and 2 rakaats
2 Rakaat of eid prayer are also offered on eids
A person may also pray in congregation at a mosque
A person may also privately pray to Allah
5.3. Fasting
Importance
Fasting is done in month Ramadan
Muslims don’t eat or drink
Hadith says “Allah says: Fasting is for me and I shall
compensate it"
Refrain from evil and make us close to Allah as a
hadith says “Fasting is a shield and protection from
fire and committing sins”
Reward for deeds are increased as hadith says
“During Ramadan provisions of believers are
increased”
Makes us sympathetic towards poor people
Healthy for our body
Method and Condition
Hours of fasting are from dawn till sunset
People have a meal before fajr
Not eat, drink, lie and have martial relations
Break fast during Maghrib
Pray Tarawih at night
In last odd nights worship as Quran was revealed
Women in period of childbirth and pregnancy are
exempted
Sick, old, abnormal and travelers are exempted
A person who is exempted may feed a person twice
daily for each fast or give grain
Women who miss fast due to menstruation and people
who got ill while fasting may fast later
A person who intentionally broke his fast will have to
fast for 60 days continuously or feed 60 people twice
daily for each fast or give Sadaqah
Prohibited on eids and 11, 12 and 13 Dhul Hijjah
5.4. Zakaat
Importance
Portion of a man’s wealth given to poor
Prophet (pbuh) said “it should be collected from the
well to do and given to the poor”
Mentioned 32 times in Quran mostly with prayer
“establish regular prayer and give regular charity”
Cleanses a person’s wealth as prophet(pbuh) said
“Allah has enjoined Zakkat on you so rest of your
wealth may be cleansed”
Fulfills needs ofpoor
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CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT
Establishes brotherhood and decreases jealousy
Decreases financial disparity and hoarding
Rate of Zakaat
On cash 2.5%
On 93.75 grams of gold and 656.25 grams of silver
1/5th of produce of mine
1/10 from natural land produce and 1/20 from
irrigated land produce
On articles exceeding 200 dirhams
For every 40 sheep 1 goat
On every 40 cattle 2-year-old calf
On every 5 camels a goat
Distribution
Given to
People who can’t give zakat
Person who administer zakaat
People in debt and need
Converts in need
Not given to
Descendants of Prophet(pbuh)
Parent or children
Non-Muslims
As a salary
Out of Haram money
5.5. Hajj
Importance
Takes place from 9th Dhul Hijjah till 13th Dhul Hijjah
Quran says “pilgrimage thereto is a duty me owe to
Allah those who can afford the journey”
Covers both financial sacrifice and physical Ibadat
It is a spiritual experience which heals a person Allah
forgives the person who performs hajj as a Hadith
says “an accepted hajj has no reward than paradise”
Hajj also has communal benefits as all Muslims from
all walks of life and gather
People get to know about each other’s problems
People could find business ventures
Not performing hajj if you can is a great sin
Terms associated with Hajj
Kabah is the holiest place for Muslims and is house of
Allah as said in the Quran. There are several circles
around it
Masjid-e-Haram includes Kabah, Well of Zam Zam,
station if Ibrahim and Hatim.
The City of Makkah is the second circle and its
violence is prohibited
Hazrat Adam fixed Haram’s boundary
From Mawaqis a person can’t enter without Ihram
Hajr-e-Aswad is placed in the southeast of Kabah and
was received by Hazrat Ismail from Jibrael. Kissing this
stone shows obedience to Allah
Muqam-e-Ibrahim is the Stone in which Hazrat
Ibrahim stood while praying. It is mandatory to pray 2
Rakats behind this station. It has an impression of
Ibrahim’s feet and stone got soft when he stood on it
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Ihram is worn during hajj and Umrah. Ihram for men is
2 white sheets wrapped from the navel to knees and
around arms. For women, it is daily clothes but not
touching their face. Restrictions:
Covering face and head for men
Using scented things
Cutting hair and nails
Violence
Tawaf means walking around the Kabah anti-
clockwise. Types of tawaf are
Tawaf-e-ziyarat is an obligatory component of hajj
performed on 10th ,11th or 12th Dhul Hijjah
Tawaf-e-Qudoom performed while entering Kabah
Tawaf-e-Wida is performed while leaving Kabah
Tawaf-e-Umra is performed for Umra
Any other tawaf is Tawaf-e-Nafl
Mina is a plain between Arafat and Madinah
Muzdailifah is plain between Mina and Arafat
Arafat is 9 miles from Makkah. Stay here is obligatory
during Hajj
Safa and Marwa are 2 hills where Hazrat Hajra ran to
find water for her baby Ismail. Climbing these 2 hills
shows maternal love and is known as Sayi
3 pillars: Jamarat-ul-Uqba, Jamarat-ul-Wusta and
Jamarat-al-Sughra are 3 places where satan tried to
stop Ibrahim and he was stoned. Muslims do the same
called rami
Method
On the 8th Dhul Hijjah Muslims wear Ihram and go to
Mina
On the 9th Dhul Hijjah, they offer fajr at Mina and
leave for Arafat. Asr and Zuhr are prayed together
and then they leave for Muzdalifah. Maghrib and Isha
are prayed together and 49 pebbles for rami are
collected
On the 10th Dhul Hijjah, they go back to Mina 7
pebbles are thrown at Jamarat-ul-iqbal. Heads are
shaved and sacrifice is done. Sayi is also performed.
Leaves for Mina. Tawaf Ziyarat is also performed
On 11th, 12th and 13th rami is done and tawaf-e-wida
is performed
6. Jihad
Jihad is every action in which a form of struggle occurs in
the name of Allah
There are 5 types of Jihad:
Jihad against one’s self means fighting un-Islamic
desires in one. It is regarded as one of the greatest
jihad
Jihad of tongue is to uphold the truth and speak
against any injustice. When a man asked which jihad is
better Prophet(pbuh) said “A word of truth spoken in
front of an oppressive ruler”
Jihad by the knowledge is to study about Islam and
write about it. Hadith says “ink of a scholar is holier
than blood of a martyr”
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CAIE IGCSE ISLAMIYAT
Jihad by hand is jihad of action e.g. giving charity or
helping poor. Prophet(pbuh) said “A person whose feet
become dust ridden because of striving in way of Allah
will never be touched by flames of hell”
Jihad by sword
It is fighting in way of Allah
Quran says “fight in way of Allah those who fight
you”
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Become compulsory when the ideology and lives
of Muslims are under threat.
The rules of Jihad are to not kill civilians, old,
women, children and animals. To not destroy trees
or places of worship and to treat prisoners fairly
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CAIE IGCSE
Islamiyat

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