B1 Chapter 3: Reproduction Question •

Progress •
Succe ed

Knowledge organiser

Human reproduction Plant reproduction

Adolescence Fertilisation Parts of a flower
stigma
The time during which you change from being a child to being an adult is pollen tube
called adolescence. The physical changes that happen between the ages of An egg is released Sperm cells are produced anther
stamen filament
9–14 are called every month. in the testicles/testes. style carpel
petal
puberty. Girls pubic Boys ovule ovary
These Sperm are mixed with receptacle
breasts develop, and underarm voice breaks, sexual egg cell
sepal
changes nutrients and fluid from the
ovaries start to hair grows, body organs develop,
include: glands to form semen. pedicel
release egg cells, odour develops, testes start to cilia
periods start, emotional produce sperm,
During sexual intercourse Carpel
hips widen, changes, growth shoulders widen,
a man will release Stamen female part of the flower
spurt hair grows on face nucleus
semen into the vagina male part of the flower • the stigma is sticky to catch
and chest
The egg cell is moved (ejaculation). • the anther produces pollen grains of pollen
along the oviduct towards • the filament holds up the • the style holds up the stigma
the uterus by cilia. anther • the ovary contains ovules
Reproductive systems If a sperm meets the egg
fertilisation may happen.
female male
fallopian tube (oviduct) – where the egg is fertilised both of seminal
sperm duct –
Pollination
before travelling along the tube to the uterus these vesicle
supply carries sperm
from the testes
The fertilised egg may then Pollination is the fertilisation of the ovule, which occurs when pollen is transferred
nutrients prostate
for the gland to the urethra implant in the uterus lining and from an anther to the stigma. Pollination can occur due to insects or the wind.
sperm penis – used to
place sperm form an embryo (ball of cells)
testes – where into the vagina
sperm is made cross-pollination self-pollination
ovary – eggs uterus (womb) –
the fetus develops
mature here here scrotum – keeps the between two different plants between the male and female
testes outside the body
cervix – entrance
vagina – receives
sperm from the where the temperature urethra parts of the same plant
to uterus penis during is a few degrees cooler
and better for development
sexual intercourse
of sperm just a dot 1 week – cells beginning Fertilisation
Day 28 Day 1
to specialise stigma pollen grain
The menstrual cycle own ble
style
ks
d ed
ing 3 mm long 4 weeks – spine and brain ovule nucleus
Day 1 – blood from uterus lining leaves ea forming, heart beating
br

the body through the vagina. ovule

ng
lini

Day 5 – bleeding stops. Uterus lining the main steps 3 cm long 9 weeks – tiny movements, ovary
lips and cheeks sense touch,
begins to re-grow. in a baby's
up

eyes and ears forming

development
builds

Day 14 – an egg cell is released from The tube grows out of the pollen The pollen nucleus moves The pollen nucleus joins with
grain and down through the style. down the tube. the ovule nucleus. Fertilisation
unfe

one of the ovaries (ovulation). (gestation) during

ing

7 cm long 12 weeks – fetus uses its takes place and a seed will form.
rtil

pregnancy
lin

muscles to kick, suck, swallow,

is

The egg cell travels through the

s
ed

ru

e
ut and practise breathing
fertilised
oviduct towards the uterus. periods
stop
Day 14
Germination
egg released When a seed starts to grow it is called germination.
There are three important structures in the uterus during gestation: To germinate, seeds need:
Methods of contraception
placenta – where substances pass from mother to fetus • water – for the seed to swell and the embryo to start growing
Condoms – A thin layer of latex Contraceptive pill – a daily tablet
umbilical cord – connects the fetus to the placenta • oxygen – for respiration and transferring energy for germination
rubber that prevents semen being that contains hormones. It prevents
released into the vagina. pregnancy by stopping ovulation. fluid sac – shock absorber that protects the baby. • warmth – to help speed up the reactions in the plant.

Key terms Make sure you can write definitions for these key terms.

adolescence anther carpel cervix cilia contraception ejaculation embryo fertilisation fetus filament gestation germination implant menstrual cycle ovary
oviduct ovulation ovule placenta pollen pollination puberty semen sperm duct stamen stigma style testes umbilical cord uterus urethra vagina