Q: WHAT:

What is the theme of the reading?

What is the main idea (paragraph) or thesis (essay or longer article)?

A: The reading is about extreme Perception and animal intelligence.

I consider that the last paragraph is the main one because the author gives his conclusions
regarding his essay.

Q: WHO:
Who wrote the article or passage?

Who thought Clever Hans could count?

A: The article was written by Temple Grandin and Catherine Johnson

His owner, Wilhelm von Osten, thought he could count and made his horse famous for this
reason.

Q: WHERE:
Where was the article published about a woman who has two dogs that predict her seizures in
advance?

Where does the woman live from? Where do they take her dogs so she doesn't get hurt by
them?

Answer:

The New York Times published an article about a woman named Connie Standley, in Florida,
who has two huge Bouvier de Flandres dogs who predict her seizures about thirty minutes
ahead of time. When they sense Ms. Standley is heading into a seizure, they’ll do things like
pull on her clothes, bark at her, or drag on her hand to get her to someplace safe so she won’t
get hurt when the seizure begins.

Q: WHEN:
When was it discovered that the horse named Hans did not count?

A: When the psychologist named Oskar Pfungst solved the case and he showed that Hans
wasn’t really counting.
Q: WHY:
Why do psychologists often use psychologist Oskar Pfungst's research on the case of Clever
Hans?

A: To show that humans who believe animals are intelligent are deceiving themselves.

Q: HOW:
How is intelligence in humans versus intelligence in animals?

How do dogs have unique aspects?

A: Intelligence in humans is when people use their built-in perceptual and cognitive skills to
achieve useful and sometimes remarkable goals. Instead the dog can recognize the signs of an
impending seizure but he can't decide what to do about it.

We might attribute this to unique aspects of canine hearing, smell, or vision, such as the fact
that a dog can hear a whistle while a human cannot.